813:. Meanwhile the troops round Stone Bridge, including 191st Fd Rgt, had to beat off counter-attacks by German armour. 532 Battery, which had already crossed over, were called upon to deploy and fire in an anti-tank role. The spearhead of Clarkeforce was held up by enemy-held woods, and at last light, Major Proudlock called in fire from every divisional and AGRA gun within range (about 200) to devastate this woodland. On 22 October, the advance continued towards Esschen, 191st Fd Rgt moved up to Nieuwmoer, despite pockets of enemy resistance along the route, which ambushed some of the force's rear echelon vehicles. After clearing the enemy pockets, Clarkeforce rested on 24 October to plan the next phase of its advance (Operation Thruster).
757:
446:
806:. The field artillery support was provided by 191st Fd Rgt. Operation Rebound started with a barrage fired by the field regiments of 49th (WR) Division reinforced by two medium regiments, then Clarkeforce was launched at 16.00 on 20 October, bypassing some strongpoints to be mopped up by supporting troops, and reached 'Stone Bridge'. The fight for this point, supported by fire from 191st Fd Rgt, took most of the remaining afternoon, but the bridge was seized before it could be completely demolished, and Clarkeforce pushed across it and into Wuustwezel from the rear. The tanks then pushed on in the darkness until halted by roadblocks.
640:. Although the gun area was well behind 3rd Division's front line, its flank was overlooked by the enemy-held Bois de Bavent, only a mile away. From here the regiment was harassed by German mortar fire during the night: an ammunition stack on 533 Bty's position was set alight and cases of burning cartridges had to be dragged away from the HE shells, while a complete gun detachment of A Trp, 532 Bty was wiped out; the regiment suffered 19 casualties in one night. 534 Battery followed 3rd Division forward next morning, but the wagon lines were attacked by a German 88mm
267:
52:
28:
69:
549:
967:) Battalion Wilshire Regiment, which was formed after the outbreak of hostilities in 1939. Most infantry battalions designated '30' or above were intended for garrison or internal security duties, 80 percent of the men being below medical category A. It is probable that the draft for 191st Fd Rgt was drawn from the remaining 20 per cent.
841:). This was 10 miles (16 km) away across poor country for armour, so Clarkeforce was disbanded and the division carried out a conventional infantry advance (Operation Humid), supported by 191st Fd Rgt firing from the outskirts of Roosendaal. Willemstad was liberated on 6 November after the German garrison withdrew across the Maas.
825:
and driving off enemy armour. Major
Proudlock was awarded the DSO for his work under fire to direct the artillery support, which involved three field, two medium and two heavy anti-aircraft regiments as well as his own. By 31 October, Clarkeforce and 56th Bde. accompanied by 191st Fd Rgt, had moved through Wouw and reached
581:
Pearson of 532 Bty got ahead of them and were the first Allied troops to reach the Abbaye aux Hommes and liberate thousands of refugees sheltering there. By 12.45 Carpiquet
Airfield had been cleared and 191st's guns could get forward. The regiment fired several concentrations on enemy pockets south of the
412:
and would require extra firepower. 191st (H&EY) Field Rgt was therefore attached to I Corps' 4th AGRA for the early stages of the operation. Training in loading and unloading from landing craft became a priority, and the
Cavalier tanks were abandoned (thereafter OP tanks would have to be borrowed
824:
during the night of 25/26 October. After supporting this advance, 191st Fd Rgt's FOOs rejoined
Clarkeforce for its push towards Brembosch the following morning against strong enemy rearguards. The guns moved forward to Esschen to cover this advance, which involved crossing a massive anti-tank ditch
568:
on 8 July. For this attack on Caen, the whole regiment was supporting a single battalion, the
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders. I Corps' barrage opened at 04.20 for 90 minutes, then the FOOs advanced with the Canadian battalion, calling down fire as required. A protective barrage was laid
890:
By now 21st Army Group was suffering from a severe shortage of reinforcements, and units were being disbanded. As the junior RA regiment in the theatre, 191st Fd Rgt was ordered to disband, the younger men being drafted to infantry units and specialists distributed to other RA units. On 2 December
580:
The
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders spearheaded the next day's attack supported by 191st Fd Rgt's guns, even though these had been unable to get forward and the FOOs were now at the extreme range of their radios. As the Canadians slowly cleared the houses of Caen, Lt-Col Hope with Maj
388:
and was succeeded in command by Lt-Col
Maurice Hope. Shortly afterwards, the regiment was offered the opportunity to take on the identity of 6th Field Regiment, a Regular Army unit that had been disbanded in India. However, 191st decided to retain its links with the county Yeomanry regiments and
857:
arrived to attack this pocket, and at dawn the following day the attack went in, supported by 191st Fd Rgt's gunners 4 miles (6.4 km) away near
Zevenbergen, who noted the steady increase in range called for by the FOOs as the Poles advanced rapidly. However, they were unable to prevent the
930:
The regiment's vehicles initially carried the hollow red diamond badge of the 42nd
Armoured Division. While serving with First Canadian Army it adopted that formation's vehicle mark of a rectangle equally divided into red, black and red horizontal stripes, but without the superimposed yellow
577:, and 191st switched to support this attack, followed by DF tasks to ensure that the Canadians could hold the positions captured. At the end of the day I Corps called a 'Victor' target (all available guns) on the German troops and vehicles streaming out of Caen in retreat.
539:
but was held up by German strongpoints and lost the protection of the artillery's creeping barrage. By the end of the day they had established 'Scottish
Corridor' but were still short of the bridges. The next day 191st Fd Rgt returned to its positions at Barbières.
199:
were ordered to provide cadres of approximately battery strength for a new regiment to be numbered 191st. The unit started to form on 21 December and immediately adopted the designation 'Herts and Essex Yeomanry', with the following organisation:
697:). This was carried out in under 48 hours supported by specialist armour, air attack, and massive artillery concentrations. 191st Field Rgt took part in the harassing fire (HF) and counter-battery (CB) tasks before the attack, and then supported
895:. 191st (Herts and Essex Yeomanry) Rgt officially disbanded on 4 December 1944. Most of the technical assistants and driver-operators (still wearing their regimental badges) were formed into divisional counter-mortar observation teams for
254:, previously occupied by 86th (HY) Fd Rgt. Apart from the large cadres from the two yeomanry regiments, 191st was to be made up to strength with men from disbanded infantry battalions. The first to arrive were 112 men from 30th Battalion,
470:, who were clearing villages along the River Mue. Supported by concentrations from 191st Fd Rgt, these units took all their objectives before nightfall, and defensive fire (DF) missions broke up the German counter-attacks on 12 June.
569:
while the leading infantry company dealt with a minefield on the way to Gruchy, and later in the day the right hand company advanced behind a barrage from 191st to capture the isolated Chateau de St-Louet. Late in the day the
644:
and on 22 July B Trp of 532 Bty was forced out of its position by continued mortaring. On 26 July the regiment was transferred to support 6th Airborne Division once more, 532 Bty with 1st Special Service Bde, 533 Bty with
629:') position. Once the heavy bombers left the area, the artillery switched to engaging every known German artillery position. 191st Field Rgt played a full part in these bombardments, starting with flak suppression on the
457:
on 9 June (D + 3) and completed disembarkation of its light scale of vehicles and equipment by nightfall on 10 June. Two guns out of each four-gun Troop were towed by 3-tonner ammunition lorries instead of their normal
286:
at first. At the end of three months, the regiment was at full establishment in manpower, and training was proceeding, though there were few men suitable for training as signallers. A Light Aid Detachment (LAD) of the
497:
at the eastern end of Les Buissons. Once the DF tasks had been registered there was not much firing because of ammunition shortages. On 15 June the regiment's 'second residue' arrived with the remaining vehicles.
810:
338:. It was known that 42nd Armoured Division was to be broken up, so during the summer 147th Fd Rgt worked mostly with 30th Armoured Bde and 191st with 71st Infantry Bde – 532 Bty affiliated to 1st Battalion
413:
from the armoured formations the guns were supporting). Final live-firing and loading exercises were carried out in the spring of 1944, and in April the regiment moved into I Corps' concentration area in
994:
AGRAs were powerful artillery brigades, usually comprising three medium regiments and one field regiment, which could be rapidly moved about the battlefield, and had the punch to destroy enemy artillery.
192:
526:
that disrupted the landing of supplies and reinforcements. The barrage began at 07.30 and continued (with pauses to allow the guns to cool) until 10.20, during which the regiment fired 11,000 rounds of
1921:
1931:
693:(the regiment discovering and crossing a partly demolished bridge over the Seine on 31 August), then taking part in the full scale attack on that port on 10 September (
1926:
633:
factory area in the outskirts of Caen. Although the fighting went on for three days, 191st Fd Rgt's guns were out of range of most targets after the first afternoon.
282:
arrived at the beginning of January 1943, and a month later 533 and 534 Btys had their full establishment of eight guns each, though 532 Bty had to make do with old
923:
Instructions, the badge (worn on both arms) was well-regarded by members of the regiment who nicknamed it the 'Goat and Cutlasses'. Uniquely, it was adopted by the
744:, while the second-in-command, Major Proudlock, was left in command of the regiment, which would form part of 'Clarkeforce'. This was a mobile force commanded by
1941:
593:
There was a regrouping of artillery after the fighting in Caen, with 191st Fd Rgt returning to the command of 4th AGRA and moving north-east of Caen to support
669:), and 191st Fd Rgt supported the Special Service and Parachute brigades in a series of small operations across rivers and through villages until they reached
795:
1611:
935:
carried by Canadian units. The unit's arm of service mark was the number 186 in white on the red-over-blue square of the RA with a white bar at the base.
874:
patrolling the south bank of the Maas. Lastly, B Trp of 532 Bty and D Trp of 533 Bty supported a thin screen of 51st (H) Division watching the islands of
770:
49th (West Riding) Division was to attack towards Loenhout, and then unleash Clarkeforce to exploit the breakthrough and move up the main road to
1936:
343:
891:
the regiment rendezvoused south of the Maas and fired off all its remaining ammunition at the enemy-held bank, including red, white and blue
156:
919:
of the Herts Yeomanry badge, embroidered on a green diamond (the Herts Yeomanry colour). Although strictly unofficial and not conforming to
708:
After a few days out of the line, 191st Fd Rgt moved up the coast to join 4th Special Service Bde besieging the isolated German garrison in
361:
42nd Armoured Division was broken up in October 1943, and after a period of uncertainty 191st (H&EY) Fd Rgt went to Ramillies Barracks,
870:
mopping up odd pockets of Germans marooned south of the Maas, while the following day F Trp of 534 Bty moved near to Willemstad to support
486:
1906:
288:
1095:
622:
351:
188:
90:
477:, which had just come into the line at Barbières. Each battery established an OP with one of the battalions: 532 Bty supporting
1488:
817:
740:
in Belgium. Here Lt-Col Hope was appointed artillery adviser to 4th Special Service Bde in 'Force T' for the planned attack on
698:
646:
594:
335:
1813:
1780:
1764:
1692:
1677:
689:
The regiment now reverted to the command of 4th AGRA, first accompanying a reconnaissance by 4th Special Service Bde towards
478:
1193:
433:
and on the morning of 6 June, as the leading assault waves landed on the Normandy beaches, 191st (H&EY) Fd Rgt moved to
1896:
701:. The FOOs were up with the leading troops, bringing down fire as required. Lieutenant-Colonel Hope was later awarded the
783:
235:
462:
gun tractors, and some personnel had to walk. The forward observation officers (FOOs) deployed on 11 June in support of
924:
625:, assisted by a 'flak suppression' barrage by the British and Canadian artillery on every known German anti-aircraft ('
705:(DSO) for his work as artillery adviser to the commander of 34th Tank Bde during the street-fighting on 11 September.
1873:
1858:
1843:
1828:
1798:
1749:
1730:
1711:
299:
295:
196:
152:
1891:
911:
In April 1943 Lt-Col Cochrane devised an arm badge for the regiment comprising the red shield bearing three golden
927:
instead of an authorised cap badge to be carved on the headstones of members of the regiment who died on service.
1946:
168:
1615:
306:
Barracks. On 3 May it officially replaced 86th Fd Rgt in 42nd Armoured Division. That month a detachment of the
854:
463:
867:
787:
637:
570:
557:
507:
474:
561:
943:
191st Field Regiment is included on the Hertfordshire Yeomanry's World War II memorial tablet unveiled in
396:). 2nd Canadian AGRA was not scheduled to land until late in the build-up programme for the invasion, but
985:
Internal communication within artillery regiments was carried out by RA signallers or 'driver-operators'.
976:
The establishment of a field regiment from 1941 onwards was three batteries, each of two four-gun troops.
702:
674:
673:
on 26 August. 6th Airborne Division was relieved at this point, but Lt-Col Hope attached 191st Fd Rgt to
653:
HQ was operational, and had taken command of I Corps and other British troops along the coastal flank of
602:
598:
494:
756:
745:
445:
366:
283:
434:
392:
Training now concentrated on the role the regiment would take in the forthcoming invasion of Europe (
331:
251:
1058:
665:
As the German front in Normandy crumbled, 6th Airborne Division began to follow up along the coast (
1742:
History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941
803:
713:
606:
532:
409:
347:
1551:
1431:
1951:
964:
900:
381:
339:
896:
871:
736:
into use as an Allied supply base. On 8 October, 191st Fd Rgt was ordered to rejoin I Corps at
307:
275:
227:
350:. In September there were further practice shoots at Okehampton, with 532 Bty being loaned to
892:
397:
323:
160:
155:
units, it trained as mobile artillery with an armoured division. Later it served through the
128:
1851:
The Hertfordshire Yeomanry Regiments, Royal Artillery, Part 1: The Field Regiments 1920-1946
866:, but on 13 November, a composite battery (532 Bty with an additional Trp) left to support
821:
528:
482:
467:
164:
311:
8:
1099:
920:
809:
107th RAC moved on at 0800 the following morning towards Nieuwmoer, led by A Squadron of
799:
650:
618:
565:
511:
454:
385:
319:
172:
112:
94:
384:
and on Salisbury Plain. On 1 January 1944 Lt-Col Cochrane was appointed to the staff of
1654:
879:
765:
716:
transport detachment had to run a shuttle service bringing ammunition and rations from
641:
614:
610:
605:(533 Bty). This front was quiet, and on 17 July 191st Fd Rgt came under the command of
574:
393:
362:
255:
183:
In late 1942 the Royal Artillery formed 11 new regiments of field artillery built upon
116:
104:
1869:
1854:
1839:
1824:
1809:
1794:
1776:
1760:
1745:
1726:
1707:
1688:
1673:
791:
694:
279:
124:
1719:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West
1700:
History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West
859:
666:
649:. The regiment stayed here under occasional harassing fire for three weeks. By now
184:
120:
1897:
Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth – Regiments.org (archive site)
310:
arrived to man the 'rear link' communications. Later the regiment was issued with
1737:
944:
729:
654:
523:
518:. Over 700 guns were assembled to support this attack around the western edge of
515:
327:
144:
108:
266:
779:
373:
57:
552:
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders resting at Caen station, July 1944.
1915:
834:
774:
in Operation Rebound part of the much larger operational offensive codenamed
430:
426:
355:
315:
510:
where in addition to supporting 9th Canadian Bde it was to take part in the
1725:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004,
1706:, London: HM Stationery Office, 1962/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004,
670:
536:
422:
231:
148:
72:
68:
27:
1886:
1808:, Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1948/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2014,
1083:
916:
630:
243:
187:
drawn from experienced units. On 16 December the two field regiments in
1853:, Welwyn: Hertfordshire Yeomanry and Artillery Trust/Hart Books, 1999,
932:
863:
830:
826:
771:
582:
418:
401:
303:
1744:, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996,
875:
849:
The only remaining German bridgehead across the Hollands Diep was at
741:
459:
318:. During the spring of 1943 the regiment carried out field firing at
247:
717:
1685:
A Thoroughly Canadian General: A Biography of General H.D.G. Crerar
850:
737:
690:
291:(REME) had been formed, but at first had no vehicles or equipment.
294:
At the end of March 1943, 42nd Armoured Division transferred from
733:
709:
548:
522:, but the operation was delayed until 26 June by a storm in the
490:
377:
239:
314:
tanks for armoured Observation Posts (OPs), later replaced by
1791:
Six Armies in Normandy, From D-Day to the Liberation of Paris
838:
678:
414:
405:
1612:"191st Fd Rgt Roll of Honour at Royal Artillery Netherlands"
613:. This operation opened with a massive bombing programme by
912:
903:. The regiment had lost 15 men killed during the campaign.
626:
519:
365:, where it was ordered to mobilise as part of 2nd Canadian
21:
191st (Hertfordshire and Essex Yeomanry) Field Regiment, RA
1670:
Monty's Men: The British Army and the Liberation of Europe
429:. On 2 June the regiment moved to its marshalling area in
1759:, Essex: Temperley Media/Essex Yeomanry Association, nd,
1901:
1806:
The History of the Fifteenth Scottish Division 1939–1945
1503:
34 Tank Bde War Diary October 1944, TNA file WO 171/643.
963:
This battalion was formed in 1941, apparently from 6th (
915:
from the Essex Yeomanry badge, surmounted by the golden
141:
191st (Hertfordshire and Essex Yeomanry) Field Regiment
1922:
Field regiments of the Royal Artillery in World War II
862:
being destroyed. The regiment was then billeted round
712:. Supply lines were now stretched, and the regiment's
270:
25-pounder gun and Quad tractor on exercise in the UK.
796:
62nd (6th London) Anti-Tank Regiment, Royal Artillery
453:
The regiment began landing about half a mile west of
1932:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1944
302:
and 191st (H&EY) Fd Rgt went with it, moving to
1775:. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press.
1755:Col S.P. Foakes & Maj M. McKenzie-Bell (eds),
1128:
1126:
151:. Created around experienced drafts from existing
1927:Military units and formations established in 1942
330:, and an armour–infantry live-firing exercise at
1913:
1838:, 2nd Edn, Edinburgh: Canongate Academic, 1994,
473:On 13 June the regiment was switched to support
1453:
1451:
1123:
728:The strategic requirement now was to clear the
636:On 20 July 191st Fd Rgt was switched across to
1942:Military units and formations in Hertfordshire
1836:The Yeomanry Regiments: 200 Years of Tradition
1687:, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007,
820:prepared the way by advancing from Esschen to
811:49th (West Riding) Reconnaissance Regiment RAC
535:, which advanced towards the bridges over the
344:Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
1773:Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945
449:25-pounders in action in Normandy, June 1944.
238:to command the new regiment, which took over
1907:Royal Artillery Units Netherlands 1944–1945.
1448:
226:The second-in-command of 147th (EY) Fd Rgt,
1892:Imperial War Museum, War Memorials Register
1793:, London: Jonathan Cape 1982/Penguin 1983,
1529:
1527:
829:. 49th (WR) Division's final objective was
159:, supporting varied formations such as the
1823:, London: Souvenir Press, 1964/Pan, 1966,
487:Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders
26:
1868:, Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books, 2003,
1158:
1156:
794:self-propelled 17-pounders from 248 Bty,
289:Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
1524:
1483:
1481:
1188:
1186:
1070:
1068:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
786:carrying infantry of the 1st Battalion,
755:
547:
444:
417:: RHQ and 533 Bty at Ramsden Hall, near
265:
1672:, London: Yale University Press, 2013,
1499:
1497:
1012:
1010:
816:Before Clarkeforce was launched again,
531:(HE). It had been firing in support of
372:In November 1943 the regiment moved to
1937:Military units and formations in Essex
1914:
1770:
1153:
1077:
1053:
1051:
543:
380:, but spent much time training on the
1655:IWM War Memorial Register, Ref 49184.
1478:
1183:
1065:
1019:
588:
479:The Highland Light Infantry of Canada
1866:Operation Epsom: Normandy, June 1944
1494:
1007:
684:
556:191st Field Rgt fired in support of
440:
1880:
1048:
872:18th Canadian Armoured Car Regiment
784:107th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps
760:25-pounder in action, October 1944.
723:
660:
13:
1036:Foakes & McKenzie-Bell, p. 22.
925:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
748:W.S. Clarke of 34th Tank Brigade.
597:along the lower Orne. FOOs joined
501:
209:cadre from 413 Bty of 147th Fd Rgt
14:
1963:
1084:British Artillery in World War 2.
564:on 4 July, and then prepared for
506:On 17 June the regiment moved to
215:cadre from 462 Bty of 86th Fd Rgt
1887:British Artillery in World War 2
1489:The National Archives (TNA), Kew
1487:107 RAC War Diary October 1944,
1096:"Wiltshire Rgt at Regiments.org"
657:as well as the Canadian troops.
67:
50:
41:21 December 1942–4 December 1944
32:Cap Badge of the Royal Artillery
1757:Essex Yeomanry: A Short History
1648:
1639:
1630:
1604:
1595:
1586:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1545:
1536:
1515:
1506:
1469:
1460:
1439:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1174:
1165:
1144:
1135:
988:
979:
970:
868:22nd Canadian Armoured Regiment
677:to continue the pursuit to the
1114:
1088:
1039:
957:
885:
751:
464:No. 46 (Royal Marine) Commando
437:, where it embarked at 18.00.
354:for exercises at Linney Head,
1:
1662:
1445:Ellis, Vol II, pp. 15, 59–60.
1194:"2 Canadian AGRA at RA 39–45"
571:North Nova Scotia Highlanders
558:8th Canadian Infantry Brigade
475:9th Canadian Infantry Brigade
382:Otterburn and Redesale ranges
204:Regimental Headquarters (RHQ)
193:86th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry)
157:campaign in North West Europe
1601:Sainsbury, p. 219, 246, 250.
950:
855:1st Polish Armoured Division
804:1st Fife and Forfar Yeomanry
790:, accompanied by a troop of
7:
938:
906:
844:
802:flamethrowing tanks of the
778:. Clarkeforce consisted of
703:Distinguished Service Order
675:49th (West Riding) Division
603:1st Special Service Brigade
599:4th Special Service Brigade
495:The Nova Scotia Highlanders
274:The regiment's first eight
261:
10:
1968:
1386:Ellis Vol I, pp. 448, 453.
1059:"191 Fd Rgt at RA 1939–45"
763:
720:, many miles to the west.
508:Bretteville-l'Orgueilleuse
367:Army Group Royal Artillery
221:cadres from both regiments
1902:Royal Artillery 1939–1945
1574:Ellis, Vol II, pp. 141–2.
1533:Ellis, Vol II, pp. 126–7.
1332:Ellis, Vol I, pp. 337–40.
1287:Ellis, Vol I, pp. 309–15.
899:, 49th (West Riding) and
332:Sennybridge Training Area
252:Slingsby, North Yorkshire
234:officer, was promoted to
178:
100:
86:
78:
63:
45:
37:
25:
20:
1413:Ellis, Vol II, pp. 14–5.
1001:
901:52nd (Lowland) Divisions
714:Royal Army Service Corps
607:51st (Highland) Division
533:15th (Scottish) Division
348:East Lancashire Regiment
322:, mobile exercises with
143:was a unit of Britain's
82:Field Artillery Regiment
1849:Lt-Col J.D. Sainsbury,
1771:Joslen, H. F. (2003) .
1074:Sainsbury, pp. 83, 215.
788:Leicestershire Regiment
389:turned down the offer.
340:Highland Light Infantry
1947:Hertfordshire Yeomanry
1821:Caen: Anvil of Victory
1704:The Battle of Normandy
1683:Paul Douglas Dickson,
1592:Sainsbury, pp. 249–50.
1475:Sainsbury, pp. 239–40.
1422:Sainsbury, pp. 235–37.
1395:Sainsbury, pp. 231–35.
1359:Sainsbury, pp. 228–31.
1215:Sainsbury, pp. 219–20.
1141:Sainsbury, Appendix 2.
947:on 19 September 1954.
882:in the Lower Scheldt.
761:
553:
481:at the western end of
450:
352:79th Armoured Division
308:Royal Corps of Signals
271:
197:147th (Essex Yeomanry)
189:42nd Armoured Division
161:Royal Marine Commandos
91:42nd Armoured Division
1723:The Defeat of Germany
1583:Sainsbury, pp. 245–6.
1565:Sainsbury, pp. 244–5.
1542:Sainsbury, pp. 241–4.
1512:Sainsbury, pp. 240–1.
1466:Ellis, Vol II, p. 70.
1368:Ellis, Vol I, p. 304.
1341:Sainsbury, pp. 227–8.
1323:Sainsbury, pp. 226–7.
1305:Ellis, Vol I, p. 316.
1296:Sainsbury, pp. 224–6.
1269:Sainsbury, pp. 223–4.
1233:Sainsbury, pp. 222–3.
1224:Sainsbury, pp. 220–2.
1180:Sainsbury, pp. 218–9.
1171:Sainsbury, pp. 216–8.
1150:Sainsbury, pp. 215–6.
764:Further information:
759:
647:3rd Parachute Brigade
595:6th Airborne Division
551:
448:
408:under the command of
398:3rd Canadian Division
336:71st Infantry Brigade
324:30th Armoured Brigade
269:
129:Battle of the Scheldt
1804:Lt-Gen H.G. Martin,
1350:McKee, pp. 272, 277.
1278:Saunders, pp. 39–66.
732:and get the port of
638:3rd British Division
529:High explosive shell
468:North Shore Regiment
400:would be landing on
346:, and 534 to 1st Bn
219:534 Field Battery –
213:533 Field Battery –
207:532 Field Battery –
165:Royal Armoured Corps
1521:Buckley, pp. 246–7.
1435:, 21 December 1944.
1404:Buckley, pp. 193–4.
1251:Buckley, pp. 74-82.
800:Churchill Crocodile
651:First Canadian Army
566:Operation Charnwood
544:Operation Charnwood
455:Courseulles-sur-Mer
386:First Canadian Army
173:First Canadian Army
147:(RA) formed during
113:Operation Charnwood
95:First Canadian Army
1717:Major L.F. Ellis,
1645:Sainsbury, p. 251.
1636:Sainsbury, p. 219.
1491:, file WO 171/876.
1457:Sainsbury, p. 238.
1377:Sainsbury, p. 230.
1260:McKee, pp. 164–70.
1242:Sainsbury, p. 223.
1120:Joslen, pp. 287–8.
1016:Farndale, Annex D.
766:Operation Pheasant
762:
642:Self-propelled gun
615:RAF Bomber Command
611:Operation Goodwood
589:Operation Goodwood
562:Carpiquet Airfield
554:
451:
394:Operation Overlord
272:
256:Wiltshire Regiment
236:lieutenant-colonel
117:Operation Goodwood
105:Operation Overlord
1834:Patrick Mileham,
1819:Alexander McKee,
1814:978-1-78331-085-2
1782:978-1-84342-474-1
1765:978-0-9572333-0-0
1693:978-0-8020-0802-2
1678:978-0-300-13449-0
1314:McKee, pp. 236–8.
1102:on 9 January 2006
818:56th Infantry Bde
798:, and a troop of
699:34th Tank Brigade
695:Operation Astonia
685:Operation Astonia
560:in its attack on
441:Normandy campaign
435:Royal Albert Dock
425:, and 534 Bty to
230:J.R. Cochrane, a
134:
133:
125:Operation Astonia
1959:
1881:External sources
1786:
1698:Maj L.F. Ellis,
1657:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1614:. Archived from
1608:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1557:
1555:, 22 March 1945.
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1522:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1206:Dickson, p. 241.
1204:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:Farndale, p. 99.
1130:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1098:. Archived from
1092:
1086:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1063:
1062:
1055:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1017:
1014:
995:
992:
986:
983:
977:
974:
968:
961:
860:Moerdijk bridges
853:. On 7 November
724:Scheldt campaign
667:Operation Paddle
661:Operation Paddle
623:Ninth Air Forces
342:, 533 to 1st Bn
300:Southern Command
296:Northern Command
171:operating under
153:Territorial Army
121:Operation Paddle
71:
56:
54:
53:
30:
18:
17:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1912:
1911:
1883:
1783:
1738:Martin Farndale
1665:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1618:on 12 June 2018
1610:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1105:
1103:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1045:Mileham, p. 89.
1044:
1040:
1035:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1004:
999:
998:
993:
989:
984:
980:
975:
971:
962:
958:
953:
945:St Albans Abbey
941:
909:
888:
847:
780:Churchill tanks
768:
754:
730:Scheldt Estuary
726:
687:
663:
655:21st Army Group
591:
546:
524:English Channel
516:Operation Epsom
504:
502:Operation Epsom
493:, and 532 with
485:, 533 with the
443:
410:I British Corps
328:Salisbury Plain
320:Okehampton Camp
312:Crusader Mk III
276:25-pounder guns
264:
181:
145:Royal Artillery
137:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
109:Operation Epsom
107:
93:
51:
49:
33:
12:
11:
5:
1965:
1955:
1954:
1952:Essex Yeomanry
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1910:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1864:Tim Saunders,
1862:
1847:
1832:
1817:
1802:
1787:
1781:
1768:
1753:
1734:
1715:
1696:
1681:
1668:John Buckley,
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1647:
1638:
1629:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1553:London Gazette
1544:
1535:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1493:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1447:
1438:
1433:London Gazette
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1199:
1182:
1173:
1164:
1162:Joslen, p. 29.
1152:
1143:
1134:
1122:
1113:
1087:
1076:
1064:
1047:
1038:
1018:
1005:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
987:
978:
969:
955:
954:
952:
949:
940:
937:
908:
905:
887:
884:
846:
843:
753:
750:
725:
722:
686:
683:
662:
659:
601:(532 Bty) and
590:
587:
545:
542:
503:
500:
442:
439:
326:on West Down,
284:18/25-pounders
263:
260:
224:
223:
217:
211:
205:
180:
177:
135:
132:
131:
102:
98:
97:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
65:
61:
60:
58:United Kingdom
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1964:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1875:
1874:0-85052-954-9
1871:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1859:0-948527-05-6
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1844:1-898410-36-4
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:0-330-23368-8
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1799:0-1400-5293-3
1796:
1792:
1789:John Keegan,
1788:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:1-85753-080-2
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:1-845740-59-9
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1712:1-845740-58-0
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1656:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1580:
1571:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1472:
1463:
1454:
1452:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1127:
1117:
1101:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1006:
991:
982:
973:
966:
960:
956:
948:
946:
936:
934:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
904:
902:
898:
897:43rd (Wessex)
894:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
856:
852:
842:
840:
837:(part of the
836:
835:Hollands Diep
832:
828:
823:
819:
814:
812:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
767:
758:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
721:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
658:
656:
652:
648:
643:
639:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
586:
584:
578:
576:
572:
567:
563:
559:
550:
541:
538:
534:
530:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
499:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
456:
447:
438:
436:
432:
431:Epping Forest
428:
427:Little Baddow
424:
421:, 532 Bty to
420:
416:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
359:
357:
356:Pembrokeshire
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
292:
290:
285:
281:
277:
268:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
222:
218:
216:
212:
210:
206:
203:
202:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
176:
174:
170:
169:Polish troops
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
136:Military unit
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
24:
19:
16:
1865:
1850:
1835:
1820:
1805:
1790:
1772:
1756:
1741:
1722:
1718:
1703:
1699:
1684:
1669:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:the original
1606:
1597:
1588:
1579:
1570:
1561:
1552:
1547:
1538:
1517:
1508:
1471:
1462:
1441:
1432:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1176:
1167:
1146:
1137:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1100:the original
1090:
1079:
1041:
990:
981:
972:
965:Home Defence
959:
942:
929:
921:Army Council
910:
893:smoke shells
889:
848:
839:Maas Estuary
815:
808:
775:
769:
727:
707:
688:
671:Pont-Audemer
664:
635:
592:
585:on 10 July.
579:
575:Franqueville
555:
505:
491:Vieux Cairon
483:Les Buissons
472:
452:
423:Great Baddow
391:
371:
360:
293:
273:
232:Regular Army
225:
220:
214:
208:
182:
149:World War II
140:
138:
87:Part of
73:British Army
15:
886:Disbandment
880:Overflakkee
752:Clarkeforce
631:Colombelles
244:Nissen huts
101:Engagements
1916:Categories
1721:, Vol II:
1663:References
933:maple leaf
831:Willemstad
827:Roosendaal
772:Wuustwezel
583:River Orne
537:River Odon
514:preceding
419:Billericay
402:Juno Beach
304:Trowbridge
1702:, Vol I:
1106:9 January
951:Footnotes
876:Duiveland
746:Brigadier
742:Walcheren
619:US Eighth
573:attacked
363:Aldershot
316:Cavaliers
248:Hovingham
1736:Gen Sir
939:Memorial
907:Insignia
851:Moerdijk
845:Moerdijk
792:Achilles
776:Pheasant
738:Turnhout
691:Le Havre
617:and the
466:and the
369:(AGRA).
280:tractors
262:Training
833:on the
734:Antwerp
710:Dunkirk
512:barrage
240:billets
46:Country
1872:
1857:
1842:
1827:
1812:
1797:
1779:
1763:
1748:
1729:
1710:
1691:
1676:
1622:9 June
913:seaxes
822:Nispen
718:Fécamp
378:Surrey
374:Sutton
185:cadres
179:Origin
64:Branch
55:
38:Active
1002:Notes
864:Etten
679:Seine
415:Essex
406:D-Day
334:with
228:Major
1870:ISBN
1855:ISBN
1840:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1777:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1708:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1674:ISBN
1624:2018
1108:2006
917:hart
878:and
627:Flak
621:and
609:for
520:Caen
460:Quad
278:and
250:and
242:and
195:and
167:and
139:The
79:Type
782:of
489:at
404:on
376:in
298:to
246:at
1918::
1740:,
1526:^
1496:^
1480:^
1450:^
1185:^
1155:^
1125:^
1067:^
1050:^
1021:^
1009:^
681:.
358:.
258:.
191:,
175:.
163:,
1876:.
1861:.
1846:.
1831:.
1816:.
1801:.
1785:.
1767:.
1752:.
1733:.
1714:.
1695:.
1680:.
1626:.
1196:.
1110:.
1061:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
