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1227:) who had been chosen by joint ballot of the Legislature, were now elected by the voters at the state elections in odd years. The incumbents were legislated out of office on December 31, 1847. The successors were elected at the state election in November and took office on January 1, 1848. From 1848 on, the state officers served a two-year term, one year in the second half of the term of the incumbent Governor, the other year in the first half of the term of the succeeding Governor.
217:, which consists of a Senate containing 50 members initially, and an Assembly containing 150 members. Except for Senators elected in 1895 who served three-year terms, every legislative member is elected to two-year terms. The current number of Senators is set by State Law §123, and the number of Senate districts is set at 63 by State Law §124; currently, there are 63 Senate seats. The legislative process, such as the passage of bills, is also described in this article.
70:
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provision was made for an increase in each chamber at stated periods, until the maximum should be reached, which was fixed at one hundred senators and three hundred members of assembly. The increase in membership had apparently been more rapid than was at first anticipated. At that time the Senate had increased to forty-three members, and the
Assembly to one hundred and twenty-six members.
791:, who presided. Tompkins was one of the 14 who voted against the right of nomination being given to the members of the Council of Appointments and the Governor concurrently, a minority which was defeated by 86 votes for this compromise. Previously, both motions, to vest the right of nomination either exclusively in the governor or exclusively in the Council members, were defeated.
2260:
In the 1960s, with the increasing changes and expansions of populations with the changing society, demand grew for a new
Constitution. Thus, in 1965, the State Legislature put the question to the voters on the holding of a constitutional convention in 1967, and the voters approved it. A committee was
241:
Emergency powers are described in
Section 25. The legislature is granted the power to enact measures allowing the continuity of government, and "provide for prompt and temporary succession" of public offices if they were to become unavailable in the event of an emergency caused by "enemy attack or by
224:
is used to determine the number of inhabitants; if it is not carried out or fails to provide this information, then the state
Legislature has the power to enumerate its inhabitants. Whenever districts must be amended, an "independent redistricting commission" composed of ten members (two appointed by
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All of the proposals from the seventh
Constitutional Convention of 1915 were grouped into five questions, all of which were rejected by the people. However, all was not lost. In 1925, a revised Article 5, containing many proposals from the Fifth Convention of 1915, was submitted to the people/voters
1877:
Under the 1894 Constitution, the people were to vote on the holding of a seventh
Constitutional Convention in 1916. However, the Governor proposed that the Convention be moved up to 1915 so that it would not be overshadowed by other issues. Thus, in April 1914, a referendum approved a Constitutional
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to veto the bill. The
Bucktails did not have a two-thirds majority in the legislature to override the veto. During the regular session (beginning in January 1821), the Legislature passed a new bill that put the question to the people. At the state election in April 1821, the people voted in favor of
838:
led to the call for a
Constitutional Convention by the Bucktail members of the legislature, against Clinton's fierce opposition. Their intention was to transfer powers from the executive to the legislative branch of the government. In November 1820, the legislature passed a bill which authorized the
1475:
was extended from 8 to 14 years, and the rotative renewal (every two years one Judge or
Justice had been elected to an eight-year term; in case of a vacancy, a special election was held to fill the remainder of the term only) was abolished. Instead, vacancies were filled as they occurred (by death,
707:
of Albany, or who was made a freeman of the city of New York on or before the fourteenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five, and shall be actually and usually resident in the said cities, respectively, shall be entitled to vote for representatives in
145:
During the 20th century, the State held three constitutional conventions, the efforts of two of which were rejected by the New York State electorate. However, portions of the seventh Convention's proposals of 1915, were adopted separately later in 1925 and 1927. The eighth Constitutional Convention
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begins: "The lands of the state, now owned or hereafter acquired, constituting the forest preserve as now fixed by law, shall be forever kept as wild forest lands. They shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corporation, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold,
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Whether or not a limited-call convention dealing with specific issues is constitutional or not remains unclear. Proponents argue that because the Constitution is a limiting, and not a granting, document, then it is. They point to the fact that the 1801 Convention was a limited-call one. Opponents
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Originally, the 1915 Convention proposed numerous overhauls to the judicial system. The Legislature rejected this article and it was not sent to the voters. However, in 1921, the Legislature authorized a group of thirty people to revise the judiciary article of the 1894 Constitution. However, the
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The number of state senators was increased from 32 to 50; and the number of assemblymen from 128 to 150. Legislative voting districts were allocated among counties based on citizen population, not total population, so as to exclude the flow of immigrants through Ellis Island. A complex allocation
2328:
Any legislative proposal must be approved by two successive Legislatures before being submitted for voter approval. If a convention is called, fifteen at-large members and three members per Senate district will be elected. These members will be compensated on the level of an Assembly member. The
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aforesaid, he shall have been a freeholder, possessing a freehold of the value of twenty pounds, within the said county, or have rented a tenement therein of the yearly value of forty shillings, and been rated and actually paid taxes to this State: Provided always, That every person who now is a
1034:
gave an impassioned speech at the Convention arguing that the right to vote should be extended to free African Americans. "Peter Augustus Jay, one of a minority of advocates of universal manhood suffrage, insisted that the idea that black people were naturally inferior had long been 'completely
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for the purpose of considering the question of the interpretation of §23 of the Constitution, and also that part of the Constitution relating to the number of members of both Senate and Assembly. The Senate was originally composed of twenty-four members, and the Assembly of seventy members, and
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Article II describes the rights and requirements involved in voting. All citizens over eighteen are allowed to vote if they have been a resident at least 30 days before the date of an election. Any form of bribery or compensation to compel the giving or withholding of a vote is not allowed. The
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VII. That every male inhabitant of full age, who shall have personally resided within one of the counties of this State for six months immediately preceding the day of election, shall, at such election, be entitled to vote for representatives of the said county in assembly; if, during the time
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suggested to the Legislature that a non-partisan Constitutional Commission of 32 members should be formed. The Commission had four members from each senatorial district, appointed by the Governor, and confirmed by the State Senate, equally divided between the two major political parties. The
738:. Governor Jay claimed that under the Constitution the Governor had the exclusive right of nomination, but some members of the Council of Appointment claimed a concurrent right of nomination. This, the Governor denied, and in this message he recommends that it be settled in some way.
551:. It retained provisions from the Colonial Charter such as the substantial property qualification for voting and the ability of the Governor to prorogue (dismiss) the Legislature. This imbalance of power between the branches of state government kept the elite firmly in control, and
1493:
Commission met from December 4, 1872, to March 15, 1873. They proposed amendments to the Constitution of 1846, which was still in force with amendments which were then approved or rejected by the Legislature, and those approved were then submitted to the voters for ratification.
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The 1938 Convention did not actually adopt a new Constitution, but it did propose changes (57 amendments in all) to the continuing Constitution of 1894, which were bundled into nine questions for the voters; only six questions of amendments were approved. Changes approved were:
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On January 27, 1893, the Legislature passed "An Act to amend chapter 398, of the Laws of 1892, entitled 'An Act to provide for a convention to revise and amend the Constitution'", calling a Constitutional Convention to meet in 1894. The 175 delegates were elected at the
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were moved from the last week in April to the first week in November. Beginning in 1823, the terms of the governor (two-year term), lieutenant governor (two-year term), state senators (four-year term) and assemblymen (one-year term) coincided with the calendar
1066:
237:
voting rights. Each district must contain "as nearly as may be an equal number of inhabitants"; if it does not the commission must provide a reason. Additionally, districts must consist of a contiguous territory and be "as compact in form as practicable".
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established to gather information for the Convention. In 1966, 186 people were elected to become members in the 9th Constitutional Convention. Unlike all of the other Conventions, the candidates for membership ran in partisan elections of which the
503:
The work of creating a democratic and free independent state continued by the Convention through the bitter winter with the British quartered in the City of New York and Washington's few thousand troops camped in winter quarters to the southwest in
146:
of 1938, unlike all other state constitutional conventions since 1801, did not actually propose an entirely new Constitution, but just substantially modified the 1894 Constitution, from the sixth Convention, which was (and is) still in force.
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The Constitution established in 1894 required the voters to vote on the necessity of a subsequent constitutional convention in 1936. On November 3, 1936, the voters approved the holding of a Convention which was held two years later in 1938.
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The addition of a "statute of restrictions," or "two-part constitution," whereby a short Constitution would be enacted, with other provisions being placed in a separate document that differed from normal statute, as it took two years to
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The Federal and State Constitutions Colonial Charters, and Other Organic Laws of the States, Territories, and Colonies Now or Heretofore Forming the United States of America, Compiled and Edited Under the Act of Congress of June 30,
1825:
The election of state officers (Secretary of State, Comptroller, Attorney General; Treasurer; State Engineer) and state senators was moved from odd-numbered years to even-numbered years, henceforth coinciding with the gubernatorial
734:) on the following day, in relation to the Council of Appointment, reciting the differences which had existed between Council and Governor, not only during his own term, but during the term of his predecessor,
717:
The Constitutional Convention of 1801 was not convened to propose a new Constitution. Instead, it formed purely to resolve differences of interpretation of §23 of the 1777 Constitution, which provided for a
233:, two appointed by the Senate Minority Leader, two appointed by the Assembly Minority Leader, and two appointed by the eight other appointed members) is created. Drawing of district lines must not violate
172:
Article I establishes the rights and personal freedoms of the people, as well as the responsibilities and limitations of the government. Many of the provisions in this article are similar to those in the
136:: in 1776–1777, 1801, 1821, 1846, 1867–1868, 1894, 1915, 1938, and 1967; a Constitutional Commission in 1872–1873; and a Judicial Convention in 1921. Despite this, the state has had only four essentially
242:
disasters (natural or otherwise)". The final paragraph states: "Nothing in this article shall be construed to limit in any way the power of the state to deal with emergencies arising from any cause".
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According to the Constitution of 1846, twenty years after its elaboration the electorate was asked if they wanted a constitutional convention to be held, which was answered in the affirmative at the
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presided. Between January 15 and 17, 1822, the new constitution, as amended by the convention, was put before the voters for ratification as a whole, and was accepted: for 74,732; against 41,402.
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for another year and a half, the questions being if to vote for the whole Constitution or separately for some or all articles. In the end, the new Constitution was rejected by the voters at the
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1845:
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The proposed changes were bundled into one document and were met with stiff opposition. Thus, in November 1967, the voters rejected the new Constitution, with no county voting in favor.
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formula was used to ensure that upstate areas would receive senate and assembly districts far in excess of their share of the overall population. Before the Supreme Court's influential
1612:, in three parts: the new legislative apportionment; the proposed canal improvements; and 31 miscellaneous amendments to the Constitution; which were all adopted by the voters.
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Article IV states that executive branch powers are vested in the governor and lieutenant governor, who are elected jointly to serve four-year terms. The governor can
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the rejection of the new proposed Constitution of 1867-68, and by 1869 the Democrats had a majority in the State. Only the "Judicial Article" which re-organized the
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The election of the delegates took place in August; the Convention met on the second Tuesday in October at Albany. It ended two weeks later on October 27, 1801.
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Documents of the Constitutional Convention of the State of New York, 1915, begun and held at the Capitol in the City of Albany on Tuesday the sixth day of April
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legislative bills, is the commander-in-chief of the state's military, can convene the legislature "on extraordinary occasions", and has the power to grant
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A reorganization of state government leaving it with 17 departments, reducing the number of elected officials, and providing for the appointment of others
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was abolished. Its power to veto new legislation was transferred to the governor, whose veto could be overcome by a two-thirds vote of the legislature.
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294:, the operation of trials, and the conditions for appointing and removing judges and justices. It contains 37 sections, more than any other article.
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We The People of the State of New York, grateful to Almighty God for our Freedom, in order to secure its blessings, DO ESTABLISH THIS CONSTITUTION.
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Journals of the Provincial Congress, Provincial Convention, Committee of Safety, and Council of Safety of the State of New York, 1775, 1776 1777
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Black men were granted the vote, but with a property qualification which effectively disfranchised nearly all of them. It was at this time that
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was abolished and the vast majority of formerly appointive offices were made elective. State officeholders were elected by joint ballot of the
512:, on Sunday evening, April 20, 1777, when the new Constitution was adopted with but one dissenting vote, and then adjourned. The site is now
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to head a committee to gather information for the convention's use. The twelve-volume report they produced is called the "Poletti Report".
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There was deep division among New Yorkers over the merits of the amended constitution. Those who opposed it and who did not sign included:
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Convention will meet continuously in the Capitol until they conclude their work from the first Tuesday of April following their election.
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with 352,854 votes for, and 256,364 against the convention. On April 23, 1867, the delegates were elected, and the convention had a small
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decisions of the 1960s, the Republican Party would control the state assembly for sixty-six years and the state senate for fifty-seven.
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Since the original Constitution had no provisions as to how to amend it, on April 6, 1801, the legislature passed a law with the title
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argue that because the Constitution does not expressly provide for such a Convention, any such convention would be unconstitutional.
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The assembly was given 100 members, and provision was made for a possible increase to 150, by additions to be made after each census.
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Under this Constitution, the lower chamber Assembly had a provision for a maximum of 70 Members, with the following apportionment:
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Provisions for tenants' rights were added, abolishing feudal tenures and outlawing leases lasting longer than twelve years (See
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516:. The constitution was not submitted to the people for ratification, however because of the war situation. It was drafted by
484:. There were repeated adjournments and changes of location, caused by the increasingly desperate war situation, with General
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Wilder, Craig Steven, A covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn 1636 – 1990, Columbia University Press, 2000.
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The First Constitution of 1777, which replaced this Colonial Charter with its royal authority, for the newly independent "
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The first meeting of the annual legislative session was moved from the first Tuesday to the first Wednesday in January.
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was established in July 1847, consisting of four statewide elected judges and four justices chosen annually from the
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and accepted in a referendum/election. In 1927, the budget proposal from the Fifth Convention was also accepted.
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was to be formed by the Commissioners of the Canal Fund (the State Cabinet officers) and the Canal Commissioners
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proposed article included many proposals from the 1915 Convention, and was again rejected by the Legislature.
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808:, the original author/contributor of the 1777 Constitution, meant it), was given now to each member of the
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constitutions in its history, those of 1777 (replacing the former colonial charter), 1821, 1846, and 1894.
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After the rejection of all amendments proposed by the Convention of 1867–68, except the judicial article,
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was to succeed to the governor's office "for the residue of the term" whenever a vacancy occurred, unlike
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The article includes rules and processes for drawing legislative districts and making apportionments. The
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by Alden Chester & Edwin Melvin Williams (Vol. I; pg. 713ff, "The Constitutional Commission of 1872")
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in Albany; and adjourned on September 29. The revised Constitution was submitted for ratification at the
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Convention to be held in 1915. There were 168 delegates to the 1915 Convention. The delegates included:
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on June 1, 1846, and adjourned on October 9. The new Constitution was put before the voters at the next
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New York's constitution consists of a preamble and 20 articles. It was last amended on January 1, 2018.
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article also establishes the general operation of absentee ballots, voter registration, and elections.
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was totally re-organized. Instead of eight Judges, four elected statewide and four selected from the
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This Constitution was a combination document, containing its own "Declaration of Independence" from
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105:, New York's constitution's provisions tend to be more detailed and amended more often than its
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New York City was excluded from debt limits in order to finance a public rapid transport system
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Article XX describes the day that the constitution will take effect, which is January 1, 1939.
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holding of a convention with unlimited powers. Governor Clinton cast the deciding vote in the
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Through a Convention, also subject to voter approval, which can be called in one of two ways:
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Giving the State Legislature the authority, with voters' consent, to alter county government
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has the lieutenant governor first in line, and then the temporary president of the Senate.
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109:. Because the history of the state constitution differs from the federal constitution, the
2874:"New York State Constitutional Reform - Past Political Battles in Constitutional Language"
8:
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There were 168 delegates to the Eighth Constitutional Convention of 1938. These included
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State takeover of costs for the court system, and the administration of welfare programs
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Removing from the State Legislature the power to review local matters and private claims
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The terms of the Governor and lieutenant Governor was increased from two to three years.
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The term of the governor and lieutenant governor was shortened from three to two years.
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The current New York State Constitution of 1894/1938 can be amended in two main ways:
508:. The first Constitutional Convention in New York's history terminated its labors at
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Principles, institutions and law of political governance in the U.S. state of New York
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The Governor's right to prorogue (dismiss) the legislature at will was abolished.
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Permission for the State Legislature to fund transportation to parochial schools
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were created, one in each senatorial district. Until then, the justices of the
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125:"New York State Constitutional Convention" redirects here. For other uses, see
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were abolished, and were succeeded by a Superintendent of State Prisons and a
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legislature (Assembly and State Senate) and a strong executive branch with a
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The State Legislature could provide funding to eliminate railroad crossings
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The State Legislature was now authorized to enact a Social Security program
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was adopted by a small majority, with 247,240 for and 240,442 against it.
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This apportionment stood unchanged until seven years after the end of the
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472:) on Sunday evening, July 10, 1776. The city was then threatened with a
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2754:
Constitution Making In A Democracy Theory And Practice In New York State
390:
was established after the naval invasion and absorption of the previous
3508:
3461:
2648:
One Person, One Vote: A Surprising History of Gerrymandering in America
1879:
1628:
1291:
1089:
966:
788:
77:
2616:
Journal of the Constitutional Convention of the State of New York 1894
3607:
3423:
1070:
Manual for the use of the Convention, first page of list of delegates
831:
645:
568:
544:
211:
3844:
3667:
2245:
An amendment setting out the rights of public works projects workers
3541:
3299:
2166:
Establishing a conservation commission to oversee natural resources
1955:
1899:
1082:
in November and was adopted. Yes: 221,528 votes, No: 92,436 votes.
1031:
805:
730:) on February 26, 1801, and the same message to the upper chamber (
723:
517:
451:
94:
2845:"Amending the New York State Constitution - Current Reform Issues"
2572:
Frank Hiscock took the seat to which had been elected his brother
2520:
Jacksonian Aristocracy: Class and Democracy in New York, 1830–1860
804:
The right of nomination, formerly vested in the governor only (as
2508:
compiled by Franklin Benjamin Hough (Weed, Parsons and Co., 1858)
2363:"Schaffer Law Library's Guide on the New York State Constitution"
423:
2905:
Reports of the Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of 1821
2713:
1476:
resignation, or term expiration), always to a full 14-year term.
113:
has seen fit to interpret analogous provisions differently from
2820:. The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York
2404:. The Historical Society of the Courts of the State of New York
1590:, appointed by the governor, and confirmed by the State Senate.
255:
1155:). These constitutional changes took place in response to the
1189:
were abolished, and replaced by the district benches of the
816:
265:
3268:
2854:. Albany: The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government
2283:, which prohibited the State from funding parochial schools
1023:
Property qualifications for white men to vote were removed.
532:, who would subsequently help write the U.S. Constitution.
251:
2220:, the Chief Judge of the State Court of Appeals. Governor
357:
210:
Article III establishes the powers and limitations of the
2591:
issued by the Secretary of State's office, New York, 1867
2319:
By proposal of the Legislature, subject to voter approval
2289:
Allowing the legislature to incur debt without referendum
1480:
1231:
193:, and security against unreasonable search and seizures.
2732:
2151:
Improvements in the ways the State could become indebted
290:
Article VI describes the judicial branch, including the
2945:
2477:
1445:
The changes in this version of the constitution were:
1147:
The changes in this version of the constitution were:
1124:
who won popular vote but lost in electoral college to
976:
The changes in this version of the constitution were:
794:
The changes in this version of the Constitution were:
381:
Convention of Representatives of the State of New York
914:
Supporters who signed the new constitution included:
258:
for all offenses except treason and impeachment. The
2816:
New York State Archives and Records Administration.
2797:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2720:
2684:
2602:
Courts and Lawyers of New York: A History, 1609–1925
2522:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 66–69.
2400:
New York State Archives and Records Administration.
2255:
2187:
1872:
1594:
1061:
821:
712:
2459:
2322:
Through the automatic referendum every twenty years
1010:; others by local popular or legislative elections.
798:
The number of senators was permanently fixed at 32.
89:establishes the structure of the government of the
362:
3934:Wrote, Preamble to the United States Constitution
2838:
640:; included all of New York State to the west, to
370:
4046:
2395:
2393:
1461:and six Associate Judges, all elected statewide.
327:
307:
2483:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
347:
302:
3895:Minister to the Court of Versailles, 1792–1794
2671:Article XIV of the New York State Constitution
2650:. New York: Pantheon Books. pp. 233–234.
2455:. Vol. I. Albany. 1842. pp. 892–898.
2265:won a majority. The Convention was chaired by
2200:(former Governor and presidential candidate),
847:The convention met from August to November in
555:the majority of the male New York population.
297:
3860:
3771:Jefferson Memorial Committee of Five pediment
3683:
3424:Jay Court, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
3284:
2931:
2390:
826:In 1821, the power struggle between Governor
726:sent a special message to the lower chamber (
127:Constitutional convention (political meeting)
120:
2300:
2178:
1841:was given perpetual protection as wild land.
1459:Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals
708:assembly within his said place of residence.
698:, Article VII of the new constitution said:
332:
167:
1030:, one of the delegates and also the son of
594:(now Bronx and Westchester counties), six.
205:
3888:United States Senator, New York, 1800–1803
3867:
3853:
3731:United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs
3690:
3676:
3336:United States Secretary of Foreign Affairs
3291:
3277:
2938:
2924:
312:
817:New York State Constitutional Conventions
352:
266:Article V: Officers and Civil Departments
117:'s interpretation of federal provisions.
93:, and enumerates the basic rights of the
4060:State constitutions of the United States
2750:
2645:
2276:Expansion of individual citizens' rights
2248:A number of non-controversial amendments
1578:The statewide elective offices of three
1244:majority. The convention met in June at
1065:
342:
317:
285:
245:
3823:First inauguration of George Washington
2818:"The Constitutional Convention of 1967"
2424:"Constitution of The State of New York"
2402:"The Constitutional Convention of 1938"
884:, Justice of the New York Supreme Court
612:(now Queens and Nassau Counties), four.
358:Article XIX: Amendments to Constitution
322:
196:
149:
14:
4047:
3902:Second Continental Congress, 1778–1779
3320:1st Chief Justice of the United States
2517:
1481:Constitutional Commission of 1872–1873
1466:Clerk of the New York Court of Appeals
1232:Constitutional Convention of 1867–1868
3874:
3848:
3697:
3671:
3657:Founding Fathers of the United States
3352:President of the Continental Congress
3272:
2919:
2871:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2738:
2726:
2690:
2630:The Constitutional Convention of 1894
2465:
2269:, the Speaker of the State Assembly.
921:, future Vice President and President
337:
270:Article V describes the roles of the
87:Constitution of the State of New York
33:Constitution of the State of New York
3547:John Jay College of Criminal Justice
3479:Letters to the inhabitants of Canada
1035:refuted and universally exploded.'"
691:was held to correct apportionments.
282:, of which there can be at most 20.
132:The State of New York has held nine
4080:American constitutional conventions
3613:Jacobus Van Cortlandt (grandfather)
2947:State constitutions (United States)
2708:. Albany: J.B. Lyon Company. 1915.
1882:(the President of the Convention),
786:Vice President of the United States
526:Chancellor of the State of New York
398:. The original proprietor was the
377:Fourth New York Provincial Congress
24:
3392:Committee of Secret Correspondence
2757:. London: Oxford University Press.
2160:Simplification of the court system
1468:was not elected statewide anymore.
1168:Court for the Correction of Errors
743:"An Act Recommending a Convention"
674:(seceded January 15, 1777, to the
664:(seceded January 15, 1777, to the
571:(that is, Manhattan Island), nine.
559:was legal in New York until 1827.
25:
4091:
4065:Legal history of New York (state)
3923:Signed, Articles of Confederation
2892:
2576:who was murdered on June 4, 1867.
2256:Constitutional Convention of 1967
2216:). The Convention was chaired by
2188:Constitutional Convention of 1938
2163:State control over tax assessment
1873:Constitutional Convention of 1915
1846:Onondaga Salt Springs Reservation
1595:Constitutional Convention of 1894
1062:Constitutional Convention of 1846
863:Vice President Daniel D. Tompkins
822:Constitutional Convention of 1821
713:Constitutional Convention of 1801
227:temporary president of the Senate
175:Constitution of the United States
3950:
3328:United States Secretary of State
1178:, jurisdiction on appeal to the
1170:were abolished. Jurisdiction on
514:Senate House State Historic Site
498:New York and New Jersey campaign
410:and younger brother of the then-
278:as well as the operation of the
68:
57:Supreme law of the United States
3972:Village of Gouverneur, New York
3813:Robert Livingston (grandfather)
3748:Louisiana Purchase (negotiated)
3492:The Selected Papers of John Jay
3344:United States Minister to Spain
2899:Constitution (as of 2024) (PDF)
2832:
2809:
2744:
2696:
2664:
2639:
2622:
2608:
2594:
2579:
2566:
2552:
2526:
2478:Thorpe, Francis Newton (1909).
973:were also among the delegates.
363:Article XX: When to Take Effect
177:. Some provisions included are
2585:Complete list of delegates in
2511:
2496:
2487:
2471:
2445:
2416:
2355:
2279:Repealing of the 19th Century
2212:(major builder as head of the
1588:Superintendent of Public Works
812:and the Governor concurrently.
428:King or Queen of Great Britain
371:Constitution of New York, 1777
13:
1:
2911:Text of the 1777 Constitution
2881:William & Mary Law Review
2751:Campbell, Douglas W. (1943).
2560:The Constitutional Convention
2348:
1610:New York state election, 1894
1602:New York state election, 1893
1254:New York state election, 1869
1238:New York state election, 1866
1187:New York State Circuit Courts
1153:Article I, Sections 12 and 14
446:and the formerly independent
422:was under authority from the
328:Article XIII: Public Officers
308:Article IX: Local Governments
4055:Politics of New York (state)
4016:Staats Long Morris (brother)
4001:Gouverneur Morris, Jr. (son)
3967:Town of Gouverneur, New York
3818:Clermont State Historic Site
3598:John Clarkson Jay (grandson)
3445:New York Manumission Society
3298:
2535:The Tribune Almanac for 1868
1207:The state cabinet officers (
1051:New York State Supreme Court
348:Article XVII: Social Welfare
303:Article VIII: Local Finances
7:
3808:Edward Livingston (brother)
3719:Declaration of Independence
3583:Sarah Livingston Jay (wife)
2634:The Evening Journal Almanac
2563:in NYT on November 19, 1867
2518:Miller, Douglas T. (1967).
2336:
2272:Proposed changes included:
2214:Triborough Bridge Authority
2169:Expanded rights for workers
2137:Proposed changes included:
1580:Inspectors of State Prisons
1122:1876 presidential candidate
869:, Chief Justice of New York
836:Democratic-Republican Party
567:For the City and County of
496:by crushing defeats in the
298:Article VII: State Finances
235:racial or language minority
157:
115:United States Supreme Court
10:
4096:
4026:Lewis Morris (grandfather)
3942:United States Constitution
3803:Robert Livingston (father)
2872:Nunez, Richard I. (1968).
2588:New York Convention Manual
1615:Among the delegates were:
1442:were among the delegates.
1250:New York State Legislature
1144:were among the delegates.
1074:The delegates convened at
877:New York Court of Chancery
687:, in 1790, when the First
476:occupation by an invading
379:, resolving itself as the
215:New York State Legislature
134:Constitutional Conventions
124:
121:Constitutional Conventions
18:1777 New York Constitution
3988:
3959:
3948:
3911:
3882:
3795:
3763:
3740:
3705:
3621:
3575:
3534:
3501:
3471:
3437:
3362:
3306:
3228:
3214:
2953:
2852:The Philip Weinberg Forum
2301:Amending the Constitution
2179:1921 Judiciary Convention
1627:, Second Vice President;
1451:New York Court of Appeals
1262:New York Court of Appeals
1198:New York Court of Appeals
1180:New York Court of Appeals
752:Among the delegates were
333:Article XIV: Conservation
168:Article I: Bill of Rights
111:New York Court of Appeals
67:
62:
52:
42:
37:
32:
4021:Richard Morris (brother)
3485:New York Circular Letter
3312:2nd Governor of New York
3248:Northern Mariana Islands
1623:, First Vice President;
1496:Among the members were:
206:Article III: Legislature
3374:Continental Association
2646:Seabrook, Nick (2022).
2506:The New York Civil List
2204:(U.S. Representative),
2104:James Wolcott Wadsworth
1848:was allowed to be sold.
1641:Frederick William Holls
1554:Van Rensselaer Richmond
1174:was transferred to the
888:Jacob R. Van Rensselaer
736:Governor George Clinton
728:New York State Assembly
574:The City and County of
543:. It called for a weak
313:Article X: Corporations
231:Speaker of the Assembly
229:, two appointed by the
97:of New York. Like most
4011:Lewis Morris (brother)
3707:United States founding
3647:Boston relief portrait
2681:removed or destroyed."
2208:, (U.S. senator), and
1892:Alphonso T. Clearwater
1606:New York State Capitol
1473:New York Supreme Court
1455:New York Supreme Court
1202:New York Supreme Court
1191:New York Supreme Court
1176:New York Supreme Court
1071:
1000:Council of Appointment
893:Stephen Van Rensselaer
851:. U.S. Vice President
810:Council of Appointment
720:Council of Appointment
506:Morristown, New Jersey
466:White Plains, New York
353:Article XVIII: Housing
165:
4006:Lewis Morris (father)
3928:New York Constitution
3754:North River Steamboat
3725:New York Constitution
3411:The Federalist Papers
3398:New York Constitution
3386:Olive Branch Petition
2619:(Albany, 1895; pg. 1)
1839:State Forest Preserve
1773:Chester B. McLaughlin
1753:William Church Osborn
1645:Michael H. Hirschberg
1340:Marshall B. Champlain
1284:George William Curtis
1069:
732:New York State Senate
442:of 1707 which united
408:James VII of Scotland
343:Article XVI: Taxation
318:Article XI: Education
286:Article VI: Judiciary
246:Article IV: Executive
161:
74:New York Constitution
4075:New York (state) law
4032:A More Perfect Union
3786:Robert R. Livingston
3380:Petition to the King
2154:Home rule for cities
2148:Budgetary regulation
2048:Eugene Lamb Richards
2016:William M. K. Olcott
1996:John Godfrey Saxe II
1988:Thomas Maurice Mulry
1984:Thomas Francis Smith
1928:George W. Wickersham
1920:Jacob Gould Schurman
1832:one person, one vote
1761:Roswell A. Parmenter
1721:Leonard A. Giegerich
1701:Thomas W. Fitzgerald
1530:Elias W. Leavenworth
1518:Benjamin D. Silliman
1106:David R. Floyd-Jones
875:. Chancellor of the
689:United States Census
522:Robert R. Livingston
388:Province of New York
323:Article XII: Defense
222:United States Census
197:Article II: Suffrage
150:Current Constitution
3608:James Jay (brother)
3603:John Jay (grandson)
3514:Jay Heritage Center
3457:Jay–Gardoqui Treaty
3450:African Free School
3258:U.S. Virgin Islands
2741:, pp. 370–371.
2112:Benjamin Rush Rhees
2024:J. Sidney Bernstein
2008:Frederick C. Tanner
1992:John Thomas Dooling
1968:John B. Stanchfield
1916:Adolph J. Rodenbeck
1896:Patrick W. Cullinan
1717:Frank T. Fitzgerald
1657:Commodore P. Vedder
1584:Canal Commissioners
1538:John F. Hubbard Jr.
1126:Rutherford B. Hayes
1094:George W. Patterson
1053:had held traveling
1015:Council of Revision
989:lieutenant governor
951:Peter R. Livingston
898:James Tallmadge Jr.
882:William W. Van Ness
841:Council of Revision
782:William P. Van Ness
756:(future governor),
705:freeman of the city
464:which assembled at
404:James II of England
260:order of succession
107:federal counterpart
99:state constitutions
3521:John Jay Homestead
2841:Briffault, Richard
2839:Benjamin, Gerald;
2676:2016-09-21 at the
2218:Frederick E. Crane
2068:William Barnes Jr.
2052:Francis A. Winslow
2044:George A. Blauvelt
2032:Anthony J. Griffin
1980:William F. Sheehan
1856:penal institutions
1809:George Allen Davis
1781:Henry J. Cookinham
1669:Daniel H. McMillan
1428:Elbridge G. Lapham
1400:Marius Schoonmaker
1388:B. Platt Carpenter
1372:Edwards Pierrepont
1356:Stephen J. Colahan
1328:George F. Comstock
1296:Martin I. Townsend
1268:William A. Wheeler
1213:Secretary of State
1102:Charles H. Ruggles
1072:
1028:Peter Augustus Jay
853:Daniel D. Tompkins
774:Daniel D. Tompkins
694:On the subject of
592:Westchester County
584:(now Dutchess and
541:Constitutional Law
510:Kingston, New York
460:" was framed by a
432:Kingdom of England
338:Article XV: Canals
187:freedom of worship
4042:
4041:
3979:Gouverneur Morris
3939:Co-wrote, signed,
3876:Gouverneur Morris
3842:
3841:
3777:Robert Livingston
3715:Committee of Five
3699:Robert Livingston
3665:
3664:
3593:William Jay (son)
3266:
3265:
2574:L. Harris Hiscock
2370:Albany Law School
2202:Hamilton Fish III
2128:Frank W. Standart
2100:Jesse S. Phillips
2040:Francis W. Martin
2004:Courtlandt Nicoll
1964:Morgan J. O'Brien
1932:Franklin A. Coles
1908:John Lord O'Brian
1884:Edgar T. Brackett
1765:A. Bleecker Banks
1733:M. Warley Platzek
1693:William D. Veeder
1689:Charles B. Morton
1681:John B. Meyenborg
1677:John G. Schumaker
1649:John T. McDonough
1633:Edward Lauterbach
1625:William H. Steele
1566:Sherman S. Rogers
1550:George B. Bradley
1522:George C. Burdett
1510:John D. Van Buren
1457:, it had now one
1408:Leslie W. Russell
1384:Abraham B. Tappen
1360:Elbridge T. Gerry
1352:John G. Schumaker
1348:William D. Veeder
1336:Sanford E. Church
1304:Charles J. Folger
1276:William M. Evarts
1164:Court of Chancery
1134:William B. Wright
1130:Levi S. Chatfield
1118:New York Governor
1098:Ambrose L. Jordan
971:Nathaniel Pitcher
955:Alexander Sheldon
778:John Vernon Henry
724:Governor John Jay
685:Revolutionary War
672:Gloucester County
662:Cumberland County
656:Washington County
638:Montgomery County
588:counties), seven.
530:Gouverneur Morris
486:George Washington
468:, (just north of
458:State of New York
444:England and Wales
280:civil departments
179:freedom of speech
91:State of New York
83:
82:
47:State of New York
16:(Redirected from
4087:
3996:Founding Fathers
3954:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3669:
3668:
3629:Federalist Party
3526:Government House
3355:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3315:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3270:
3269:
3222:Washington, D.C.
3216:Federal district
2940:
2933:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2888:
2878:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2849:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2813:
2807:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2643:
2637:
2626:
2620:
2612:
2606:
2598:
2592:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2556:
2550:
2546:New York Tribune
2530:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2509:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2430:. Archived from
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2378:
2372:. Archived from
2367:
2359:
2281:Blaine Amendment
2206:Robert F. Wagner
2132:James S. Whipple
2120:Charles B. Sears
2116:Homer E. A. Dick
2080:W. Barlow Dunlap
2072:Harold J. Hinman
2000:Robert F. Wagner
1976:De Lancey Nicoll
1952:Abraham Harawitz
1940:Meier Steinbrink
1924:Henry L. Stimson
1844:The State-owned
1813:Charles J. Kurth
1749:Stephen S. Blake
1729:Gideon J. Tucker
1709:De Lancey Nicoll
1621:Thomas G. Alvord
1617:Joseph H. Choate
1542:Barna R. Johnson
1412:Thomas G. Alvord
1404:Edwin A. Merritt
1380:William Hitchman
1368:Samuel J. Tilden
1364:Gideon J. Tucker
1344:Teunis G. Bergen
1324:David L. Seymour
1246:Albany, New York
1209:Attorney General
1142:William C. Bouck
1114:Samuel J. Tilden
919:Martin Van Buren
844:the convention.
766:Ezra L'Hommedieu
676:Vermont Republic
666:Vermont Republic
652:Charlotte County
492:, forced out of
490:Continental Army
420:Colonial Charter
276:attorney-general
72:
71:
30:
29:
21:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4038:
3984:
3955:
3946:
3915:Founding events
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3843:
3838:
3791:
3759:
3736:
3701:
3696:
3666:
3661:
3652:Founders Online
3643:(1783 painting)
3640:Treaty of Paris
3617:
3588:Peter Jay (son)
3571:
3530:
3497:
3467:
3433:
3417:papers, 1787-88
3404:Treaty of Paris
3365:
3364:Founding of the
3358:
3350:
3342:
3334:
3326:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3297:
3267:
3262:
3224:
3210:
2949:
2944:
2895:
2876:
2868:
2867:
2857:
2855:
2847:
2837:
2833:
2823:
2821:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2778:
2774:
2766:
2762:
2749:
2745:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2678:Wayback Machine
2669:
2665:
2658:
2644:
2640:
2636:(1895; pg. 64f)
2627:
2623:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2595:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2557:
2553:
2531:
2527:
2516:
2512:
2501:
2497:
2492:
2488:
2476:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2343:Law of New York
2339:
2303:
2258:
2226:Charles Poletti
2198:Alfred E. Smith
2190:
2181:
2172:
2124:Matthias Endres
2096:George E. Green
2084:Louis M. Martin
2076:Victor M. Allen
2064:Lemuel E. Quigg
2060:Caleb H. Baumes
2036:Louis F. Haffen
1960:Harry E. Oxford
1956:Alfred E. Smith
1912:Herbert Parsons
1875:
1863:voting machines
1818:Major changes:
1797:Merton E. Lewis
1769:Abram B. Steele
1757:Willard H. Mase
1745:Joseph I. Green
1741:Andrew H. Green
1661:John I. Gilbert
1653:John M. Francis
1597:
1571:Major changes:
1558:Lysander Farrar
1546:Lucius Robinson
1506:Augustus Schell
1498:Robert H. Pruyn
1490:John T. Hoffman
1483:
1440:Israel T. Hatch
1416:Horatio Ballard
1396:Amasa J. Parker
1392:Erastus Corning
1320:Homer A. Nelson
1316:Henry C. Murphy
1312:Augustus Schell
1300:Charles Andrews
1234:
1138:Michael Hoffman
1110:Charles O'Conor
1064:
981:State elections
912:
867:Ambrose Spencer
834:faction of the
824:
819:
715:
696:enfranchisement
681:
628:Richmond County
582:Dutchess County
553:disenfranchised
412:King of England
396:New Netherlands
373:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
288:
268:
248:
208:
199:
170:
160:
152:
130:
123:
69:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4093:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:(1969 musical,
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3781:
3773:
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3765:
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3760:
3758:
3757:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3737:
3735:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3711:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
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3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3482:
3475:
3473:
3472:Other writings
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3383:
3382:(1774, signed)
3377:
3376:(1774, signed)
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3296:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3273:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3238:American Samoa
3234:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:South Carolina
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3121:North Carolina
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2943:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2893:External links
2891:
2890:
2889:
2866:
2865:
2843:(March 2005).
2831:
2808:
2806:, p. 376.
2796:
2794:, p. 375.
2784:
2782:, p. 374.
2772:
2770:, p. 372.
2760:
2743:
2731:
2729:, p. 370.
2719:
2695:
2693:, p. 369.
2683:
2663:
2656:
2638:
2621:
2607:
2593:
2578:
2565:
2551:
2540:Horace Greeley
2525:
2510:
2495:
2486:
2470:
2468:, p. 366.
2458:
2444:
2428:www.dos.ny.gov
2415:
2389:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2277:
2267:Anthony Travia
2257:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2222:Herbert Lehman
2189:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2108:Frank M. Jones
2092:Israel T. Deyo
2056:Frank L. Young
1972:James A. Foley
1948:John F. Ahearn
1936:Harry E. Lewis
1904:Louis Marshall
1874:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1858:was abolished.
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1801:I. Sam Johnson
1789:Louis Marshall
1785:John C. Davies
1705:Wright Holcomb
1685:Almet F. Jenks
1673:Frederic Storm
1665:Augustus Frank
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1576:
1562:Lorenzo Morris
1526:Francis Kernan
1514:Erastus Brooks
1500:who presided;
1482:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1462:
1308:Augustus Frank
1288:Horace Greeley
1272:Waldo Hutchins
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:State Engineer
1205:
1194:
1183:
1160:
1080:state election
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1047:Circuit Courts
1043:
1036:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1011:
996:
985:
959:Jacob Radcliff
948:
947:
942:
937:
935:Nathan Sanford
932:
927:
922:
911:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
870:
864:
860:
828:DeWitt Clinton
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
802:
799:
770:Smith Thompson
754:DeWitt Clinton
714:
711:
710:
709:
680:
679:
669:
659:
649:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
604:Suffolk County
601:
595:
589:
579:
572:
564:
372:
369:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
287:
284:
267:
264:
247:
244:
207:
204:
198:
195:
169:
166:
159:
156:
151:
148:
122:
119:
81:
80:
65:
64:
60:
59:
54:
53:Subordinate to
50:
49:
44:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4092:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3953:
3943:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3913:United States
3910:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3858:
3856:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3780:(1875 statue)
3779:
3778:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:Jay, New York
3560:
3558:
3557:John Jay Park
3555:
3553:
3552:John Jay Hall
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3366:United States
3361:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
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3233:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3196:West Virginia
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:New Hampshire
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Massachusetts
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2853:
2846:
2842:
2835:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2800:
2793:
2788:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2764:
2756:
2755:
2747:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2659:
2657:9780593315866
2653:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2490:
2482:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2448:
2434:on 2020-10-16
2433:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2403:
2396:
2394:
2379:on 2013-05-26
2375:
2371:
2364:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2330:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2028:Nathan Burkan
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1888:Jacob Brenner
1885:
1881:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1852:Convict labor
1850:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:Henry W. Hill
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:Milo M. Acker
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:Elon R. Brown
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:Jesse Johnson
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1619:, President;
1618:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1502:George Opdyke
1499:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:Frank Hiscock
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:George Opdyke
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1157:Anti-Rent War
1154:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1056:
1055:circuit court
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
986:
982:
979:
978:
977:
974:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
946:
945:Ogden Edwards
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
930:Samuel Nelson
928:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
915:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
883:
880:
878:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
861:
859:
856:
854:
850:
845:
842:
837:
833:
829:
811:
807:
803:
800:
797:
796:
795:
792:
790:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:William Floyd
759:
758:James Clinton
755:
750:
747:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
706:
701:
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697:
692:
690:
686:
677:
673:
670:
667:
663:
660:
657:
653:
650:
647:
643:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
616:Orange County
614:
611:
610:Queens County
608:
605:
602:
599:
598:Ulster County
596:
593:
590:
587:
583:
580:
577:
573:
570:
566:
565:
563:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:Great Britain
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
501:
499:
495:
494:New York City
491:
487:
483:
482:Staten Island
479:
475:
471:
470:New York City
467:
463:
459:
454:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
436:Great Britain
434:and later of
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:, the future
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
368:
295:
293:
292:court systems
283:
281:
277:
273:
263:
261:
257:
253:
243:
239:
236:
232:
228:
223:
218:
216:
213:
203:
194:
192:
191:habeas corpus
188:
184:
183:trial by jury
180:
176:
164:
155:
147:
143:
141:
140:
135:
128:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:United States
100:
96:
92:
88:
79:
75:
66:
61:
58:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
4031:
3978:
3927:
3828:
3785:
3775:
3752:
3724:
3638:
3567:Jay, Vermont
3490:
3438:Other events
3426:(1789-1795,
3409:
3397:
3253:Puerto Rico
3161:South Dakota
3151:Rhode Island
3146:Pennsylvania
3126:North Dakota
3115:
2904:
2884:
2880:
2856:. Retrieved
2851:
2834:
2822:. Retrieved
2811:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2763:
2753:
2746:
2734:
2722:
2704:
2698:
2686:
2666:
2647:
2641:
2633:
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2596:
2587:
2581:
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2559:
2554:
2543:
2538:compiled by
2534:
2528:
2519:
2513:
2505:
2503:Google Books
2498:
2489:
2479:
2473:
2461:
2452:
2447:
2436:. Retrieved
2432:the original
2427:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2381:. Retrieved
2374:the original
2369:
2357:
2331:
2327:
2304:
2296:
2271:
2259:
2230:
2210:Robert Moses
2195:
2191:
2182:
2173:
2136:
2088:Ray B. Smith
1944:Harry Heyman
1876:
1865:was allowed.
1817:
1713:John Bigelow
1614:
1598:
1570:
1534:Daniel Pratt
1495:
1484:
1444:
1436:Seth Wakeman
1376:James Brooks
1266:
1235:
1146:
1084:
1073:
1008:State Senate
975:
963:Peter Sharpe
949:
940:Samuel Young
925:Erastus Root
913:
908:Peter A. Jay
857:
846:
825:
793:
751:
748:
742:
740:
716:
693:
682:
642:Lake Ontario
634:Tryon County
622:Kings County
561:
534:
502:
478:British Army
455:
440:Act of Union
438:, after the
400:Duke of York
385:
380:
374:
366:
289:
269:
249:
240:
219:
209:
200:
171:
162:
153:
144:
137:
131:
86:
84:
43:Jurisdiction
4034:(1989 film)
3733:(1781-1783)
3634:Arbitration
3346:, 1779-1782
3338:, 1784-1789
3322:, 1789-1795
3314:, 1795-1801
3230:Territories
3076:Mississippi
2991:Connecticut
2020:Martin Saxe
2012:Mark Eisner
1861:The use of
1737:Jacob Marks
1725:Joseph Koch
1697:John Cooney
1424:Ezra Graves
1420:Hobart Krum
1217:Comptroller
1040:Canal Board
993:John Tayler
903:Jonas Platt
480:landing on
272:comptroller
4049:Categories
3834:1972 film)
3509:Jay Estate
3462:Jay Treaty
3191:Washington
3111:New Mexico
3106:New Jersey
2981:California
2887:: 366–377.
2804:Nunez 1968
2792:Nunez 1968
2780:Nunez 1968
2768:Nunez 1968
2739:Nunez 1968
2727:Nunez 1968
2691:Nunez 1968
2532:Result in
2466:Nunez 1968
2438:2020-07-10
2383:2010-04-26
2349:References
2224:appointed
1880:Elihu Root
1629:Elihu Root
1582:and three
1332:John Magee
1292:Ira Harris
1270:presided.
1242:Republican
1090:Ira Harris
1088:presided.
1086:John Tracy
967:Rufus King
873:James Kent
789:Aaron Burr
539:, and its
488:'s ragged
462:Convention
416:Charles II
394:Colony of
78:Wikisource
3960:Namesakes
3535:Namesakes
3394:(1775-76)
3354:, 1778-79
3330:, 1789-90
3201:Wisconsin
3166:Tennessee
3071:Minnesota
3046:Louisiana
2858:August 2,
2824:August 2,
2408:August 2,
2263:Democrats
1826:election.
1258:Democrats
1221:Treasurer
832:Bucktails
668:), three.
646:Lake Erie
545:bicameral
430:) of the
212:bicameral
63:Full text
4070:John Jay
3542:Fort Jay
3300:John Jay
3186:Virginia
3136:Oklahoma
3116:New York
3091:Nebraska
3081:Missouri
3066:Michigan
3056:Maryland
3041:Kentucky
3021:Illinois
2996:Delaware
2986:Colorado
2976:Arkansas
2714:16027146
2674:Archived
2337:See also
1900:Seth Low
1487:Governor
1166:and the
1116:(future
1032:John Jay
1004:Assembly
830:and the
806:John Jay
569:New York
549:governor
518:John Jay
452:Scotland
158:Preamble
95:citizens
38:Overview
3989:Related
3796:Related
3622:Related
3206:Wyoming
3181:Vermont
3086:Montana
3026:Indiana
3006:Georgia
3001:Florida
2971:Arizona
2961:Alabama
2542:of the
678:), two.
606:, five.
557:Slavery
528:), and
524:, (new
474:British
448:kingdom
426:, (the
424:Monarch
418:. Its
256:pardons
139:de novo
101:in the
3930:(1777)
3764:Legacy
3741:Events
3727:(1777)
3576:Family
3487:(1788)
3481:(1775)
3464:(1794)
3406:(1783)
3400:(1777)
3388:(1775)
3141:Oregon
3096:Nevada
3036:Kansas
3011:Hawaii
2966:Alaska
2954:States
2712:
2654:
2130:, and
1811:; and
1438:, and
1172:equity
1076:Albany
1045:Eight
969:, and
849:Albany
784:, and
630:, two.
624:, two.
586:Putnam
576:Albany
3502:Homes
3428:cases
3171:Texas
3051:Maine
3016:Idaho
2883:. 2.
2877:(PDF)
2848:(PDF)
2377:(PDF)
2366:(PDF)
2293:amend
984:year.
654:(now
636:(now
392:Dutch
3829:1776
3243:Guam
3176:Utah
3131:Ohio
3031:Iowa
2860:2012
2826:2012
2710:LCCN
2652:ISBN
2628:see
2481:1906
2410:2012
1837:The
1564:and
1464:The
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1223:and
1196:The
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