White Brazilians - Knowledge

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heritage reaches 90%. "A new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the population. The variation between the regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific magazine 'American Journal of Human Biology' by a team of the Catholic University of Brasília, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as skin colour, colour of the eyes and colour of the hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies"(regardless of census classification). "Ancestry informative SNPs can be useful to estimate individual and population biogeographical ancestry. Brazilian population is characterized by a genetic background of three parental populations (European, African, and Brazilian Native Amerindians) with a wide degree and diverse patterns of admixture. In this work we analyzed the information content of 28 ancestry-informative SNPs into multiplexed panels using three parental population sources (African, Amerindian, and European) to infer the genetic admixture in an urban sample of the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. The SNPs assigned apart the parental populations from each other and thus can be applied for ancestry estimation in a three hybrid admixed population. Data was used to infer genetic ancestry in Brazilians with an admixture model. Pairwise estimates of F (st) among the five Brazilian geopolitical regions suggested little genetic differentiation only between the South and the remaining regions. Estimates of ancestry results are consistent with the heterogeneous genetic profile of Brazilian population, with a major contribution of European ancestry (0.771) followed by African (0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bioanthropological studies but it can be mainly valuable to control for spurious results in genetic association studies in admixed populations." The samples came from free of charge paternity test takers, thus as the researchers made it explicit: "the paternity tests were free of charge, the population samples involved people of variable socioeconomic strata, although

12079: 1550: 1514: 5522: 1940: 2631: 6444:". The 2011 autosomal study samples came from blood donors (the lowest classes constitute the great majority of blood donors in Brazil), and also public health institutions personnel and health students. In all Brazilian regions European, African and Amerindian genetic markers are found in the local populations, even though the proportion of each varies from region to region and from individual to individual. However most regions showed basically the same structure, a greater European contribution to the population, followed by African and Native American contributions: "Some people had the vision Brazil was a heterogeneous mosaic Our study proves Brazil is a lot more integrated than some expected". Brazilian homogeneity is, therefore, greater within regions than between them: 4908: 6860:

C.; Hurtado, Malena; Villegas, Valeria; Granja, Vanessa; Villena, Mercedes; Vásquez, René; Llop, Elena; Sandoval, José R.; Salazar-Granara, Alberto A.; Parolin, Maria-Laura; Sandoval, Karla; Peñaloza-Espinosa, Rosenda I.; Rangel-Villalobos, Hector; Winkler, Cheryl A.; Klitz, William; Bravi, Claudio; Molina, Julio; Corach, Daniel; Barrantes, Ramiro; Gomes, Verónica; Resende, Carlos; Gusmão, Leonor; Amorim, Antonio; Xue, Yali; Dugoujon, Jean-Michel; Moral, Pedro; González-José, Rolando; Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bortolini, Maria-Cátira; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Poletti, Giovanni; Gallo, Carla; Bedoya, Gabriel; Rothhammer, Francisco; Balding, David; Hellenthal, Garrett; Ruiz-Linares, Andrés (19 December 2018).

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were made by extrapolation of experimental results with relatively small samples and, therefore, their confidence limits are very ample". A new autosomal study from 2011, also led by Sérgio Pena, but with nearly 1000 samples this time, from all over the country, shows that in most Brazilian regions most Brazilians "whites" are less than 10% African in ancestry, and it also shows that the "pardos" are predominantly European in ancestry, the European ancestry being therefore the main component in the Brazilian population, in spite of a very high degree of African ancestry and significant Native American contribution. Other autosomal studies (see some of them below) show a European predominance in the Brazilian population.

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Northeastern Brazilian to be predominantly European in ancestry (65%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions (25% and 9%). A study from 2002 quoted previous and older studies, saying that: "Salzano (28, a study from 1997) calculated for the Northeastern population as a whole, 51% European, 36% African, and 13% Amerindian ancestries whereas in the north, Santos and Guerreiro (29, a study from 1995) obtained 47% European, 12% African, and 41% Amerindian descent, and in the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul, Dornelles et al. (30, a study from 1999) calculated 82% European, 7% African, and 11% Amerindian ancestries. Krieger et al. (31,

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were found out to carry very little Amerindian or African admixtures. "The results of the tests of genomic ancestry are quite different from the self made estimates of European ancestry", say the researchers. In general, the test results showed that European ancestry is far more important than the students thought it would be. The "pardos" for example thought of themselves as ⅓ European, ⅓ African and ⅓ Amerindian before the tests, and yet their ancestry was determined to be at over 80% European. The "blacks" (pretos) of the periphery of Rio de Janeiro, according to this study, thought of themselves as predominantly African before the study and yet they turned out

2514: 1458: 3614: 13010: 407: 4336: 4150: 4059: 4008: 3968: 1912: 1426: 432: 421: 5730: 1878:, and significantly higher than the national average – 33% – among Brazilian whites) and 11% African MtDNA. Another study also concluded that for the formation of the Gaúcho there was a predominance of Iberians, particularly Spaniards. To evaluate the extension of Gaucho genetic diversity of the Gauchos, and retrieve part of their history, a study with 547 individuals, of which 278 were Native Americans (Guarani and Kaingang) and 269 admixed from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, was carried out. The genetic finding matches with the explanation of sociologist 1830:, 1612–15). In 1630, the Dutch made the most significant attempt to seize Brazil from Portuguese control. At the time, Portugal was in a dynastic union with Spain, and the Dutch hostility against Spain was transferred to Portugal. The Dutch were able to control most of the Brazilian Northeast – then the most dynamic part of Brazil – for about a quarter century, but were unable to change the ethnic makeup of the colonizing population, which remained overwhelmingly Portuguese by origin and culture. Sephardic Jews of Portuguese origin moved from Amsterdam to 157: 13002: 2579: 106: 6688: 6662:) studied a population of Brazilian northeastern origin living in São Paulo with blood groups and electrophoretic markers and showed that whites presented 18% of African and 12% of Amerindian genetic contribution and that blacks presented 28% of European and 5% of Amerindian genetic contribution (31). Of course, all of these Amerindian admixture estimates are subject to the caveat mentioned in the previous paragraph. At any rate, compared with these previous studies, our estimates showed higher levels of bidirectional admixture between Africans and non-Africans." 2611: 5500: 4385: 4405: 10274: 2563: 123: 2443: 3776: 1472: 191: 1631:

of the Brazilian population in 1872. What explains this change is that the Portuguese colonizers and their descendants managed to reproduce much more quickly than Africans and their descendants. During the three centuries of African slavery in Brazil, the growth of the black population was basically due to the importation of new slaves from Africa, given that the natural reproduction of slaves was very slow and even little stimulated (it was more economical to buy new slaves than to take care of slave children). Moreover,

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in all urban populations (with values up to 74%). The populations in the North consisted of a significant proportion of Native American ancestry that was about two times higher than the African contribution. Conversely, in the Northeast, Center-West and Southeast, African ancestry was the second most prevalent. At an intrapopulation level, all urban populations were highly admixed, and most of the variation in ancestry proportions was observed between individuals within each population rather than among population'.

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Brazil, which was seen by the Portuguese as a land of abundance and opportunities for enrichment. Of those who arrived, most headed for the city of Rio de Janeiro. Young immigrants who arrived supported by a pre-existing solidarity network represented 8 to 11% of immigrants; those qualified or possessing capital to invest in Brazil constituted about 10% of the total, while immigrants without any type of qualification made up no less than 80% of the Portuguese who arrived in Rio at the end of the 19th century.

1924: 1486: 140: 4071: 1500: 174: 47: 2499:'s dictatorship, starting in 1937. The Brazilian government started to see the immigrant colonies as a “national problem”, which threatened the uniformity of Brazilian identity, and their inhabitants were subject to great repression. Vargas ordered all schools associated with foreign cultures to be closed, forcing all schools to teach exclusively in Portuguese, and the use of foreign languages, including orally, in public or in private, was banned in Brazil, with people being arrested and beaten. 2533: 2475:

country in that period, and, in certain regions of the South and Southeast, this percentage is much higher. In the regions where they concentrated most, these immigrants created Europeanized landscapes and bequeathed a dominantly "white" population, creating a human panorama different from the relative Portuguese-Brazilian uniformity of the country, but where it is possible to distinguish the sub-areas where each ethnic group was concentrated, whether German, Italian, Polish or Russian.

1444: 1336: 1305: 285: 4233: 2874: 4272:. The city of Rio de Janeiro, the town of Rio Doce in Minas Gerais and the state of Espírito Santo were other destinations in the Southeast region. Later waves settled in Santarém, Pará—in the north of the Amazon River—as well as in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, adding a significant number of immigrants to the region's population. Altogether, close to 25,000 American immigrants settled in Brazil during the 19th century. That is one of the main reasons why emperor 3142: 3153: 2090: 1643: 3822: 2455: 4932: 2548: 1809: 6674: 5511: 14160: 3238: 6654:, the most populous state in Brazil, with about 40 million people, showed the following composition, according to an autosomal study from 2006: European genes account for 79% of the heritage of the people of São Paulo, 14% are of African origin, and 7% Native American. A more recent study, from 2013, found the following composition in São Paulo state: 61,9% European, 25,5% African and 11,6% Native American. 3704: 13197:

C.; Burley, Mari-Wyn; Konca, Esra; de Oliveira, Marcelo Zagonel; Veronez, Mauricio Roberto; Rubio-Codina, Marta; Attanasio, Orazio; Gibbon, Sahra; Ray, Nicolas; Gallo, Carla; Poletti, Giovanni; Rosique, Javier; Schuler-Faccini, Lavinia; Salzano, Francisco M.; Bortolini, Maria-Cátira; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Rothhammer, Francisco; Bedoya, Gabriel; Balding, David; Gonzalez-José, Rolando (25 September 2014).

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northeast of Brazil during the colonial period. After Brazil was promoted to kingdom, the 19th century witnessed a new wave of British citizens settling in the country, since England had special trading privileges with the nation. English were responsible for most of the railways, public lighting and urban transportation like trams and Irish worked as manual workers in constructions such as the

5693: 12690: 1663:“whites” and mainly of "brown people" in the 19th century. Genetic studies show that, even in Brazilian regions that received little or virtually no European immigration after independence from Portugal (such as the North and Northeast), European genetic ancestry predominates in the population. European ancestry is greater than the African or Amerindian ones in all regions of Brazil. 4034:, situated on the red and fertile soil of the northwestern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, while most Lithuanians and Latvians would settle in São Paulo posteriorly. Besides São Paulo, other states that received Baltic people during the 20th century were Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and Espírito Santo. Latvian is still spoken in Santa Catarina and Paraná. 12676: 3215:

different from other immigrants in Brazil, like the Germans, or Italians who brought many women along with them (even though the proportion of men was higher in any immigrant community). Despite the smaller female proportion, Portuguese men married mainly Portuguese women. Female immigrants rarely married Brazilian men. In this context, the Portuguese had a rate of

2077:, which remained predominantly of European origin, believed – in syntony with the racialist theories then widespread in Europe – that the large numbers of blacks, Amerindians and mixed-race people who made up the majority of the population were a handicap to the development of their countries. As a result, countries such as 12698: 4499:, which subsequently means among the least anti-semitic ones on the planet. And Jewish Brazilian personalities stated in a jocose form that the only threat they face is assimilation by marriage with Europeans, Levantine Arabs and East Asians. Intermarriage between Jews and non-Jewish descendants might have an even higher rate than in the US. 2794:. Minas Gerais received generally Italians, looking for arable acreage in the 19th century, and Portugueses early in the 18th during the Gold and Diamond Rush. Minas Gerais was also destination for Germans, Czech, Bulgarians, Romanians, Hungarians, Ashkenazi Jews, Spaniards, Serbians, Greeks, Armenians, and Lebanese who settled the country. 556:, in Brazil miscegenation was always legal. What was expected was that miscegenation would eventually turn all Brazilians into whites. However, the most recent census in 2010 showed a shift in mentality, with a growing number of Brazilians identifying themselves as brown or Black, accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of whites, with 4050:("Lithuanians we are born, Lithuanians we must be") – lyrics of a traditional patriotic song. They are joined by Columns of Gediminas, a symbol of the famous Gediminid dynasty (1315–1572) which brought the medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania to its glory as the Europe's largest state. There's also a Lithuanian church facing the square. 1388:, or from the Atlantic islands. White women of marriageable age were rare throughout the Portuguese maritime Empire. The few Portuguese families that immigrated to Brazil tended to stay on the coast, rarely penetrating the interior. The situation changed slightly in the 18th century, when the migration of families and women from the 5779:, 33% Amerindian and 28% African female ancestry. This, considering the facts that the slave trade was effectively suppressed in 1850, and that the Amerindian population had been reduced to small numbers even earlier, shows that at least 61% of white Brazilians had at least one ancestor living in Brazil before the beginning of the 459:

African ancestry and 14% reported Amerindian ancestry (15% of them reported to have both). Only 48% of those whites did not report any non-European ancestry. Thus, in Brazil, one can self-identify as "white" and still have African or Amerindian ancestry, and such a person has no problem admitting to having non-European ancestors.

7363: 3580:, where Germans and Austrians were about 50% of all foreigners (Germans, 40%; Austrians, 10%), it was the only state where Germans were the principal nationality among foreigners. Other states with some significant proportion were Rio Grande do Sul (Germans, slightly over 25%) and Paraná (Germans, 10%; Austrians, 10%). The 2062:

Immigration was not only considered a means of supplying the necessary labor in the fields, or of colonizing the national territory covered by virgin forests, but also as a means of "improving" the Brazilian population by increasing the number of whites. Hence, Brazilian immigration policies were strongly influenced by the

1407:, where they would follow a religious life. Given this absence of white women available for marriage, it was inevitable for Portuguese colonists to take as a lover a woman of African or indigenous origin. The Portuguese Crown's concern about the scarcity of marriages among whites in the colony became evident in 1732, when 5818:, heavily settled by people of Italian descent, the results from the maternal and paternal sides showed almost complete European ancestry. On the other hand, a sample of whites from several other regions of Rio Grande do Sul showed significant fractions of Native American (36%) and African (16%) mtDNA haplogroups. 2086:

the country. In the case of Brazil, the immigrants started arriving in huge numbers during the 1880s. From 1886 to 1900, almost 1.4 million Europeans arrived, of whom over 900,000 were Italians. During this period of 14 years, Brazil received more Europeans than during the over 300 years of colonization.

3959:. Diplomatic relations between Brazil and Sweden were established in 1826. During the mid to late 19th century many Scandinavians arrived in Brazil, particularly to the southern states as well as Rio de Janeiro, which features a Scandinavian Association, and São Paulo, where the Scandinavian church is based. 1874:(Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo) on Gaúchos from Bagé and Alegrete, in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, revealed that they are mostly descended from Portuguese and Spanish ancestors, with 52% of them having Amerindian MtDNA (similar to that found in people who live in the area of the 1415:, in a royal decree of 1726, the king demanded that all candidates for positions in the municipal councils of Minas Gerais had to be whites and husbands or widowers of white women. Restrictive measures like this, however, would not be able to restrict the natural tendency to miscegenation in colonial Brazil. 7259: 13282:

Marrero, Andrea Rita; Pereira Das Neves Leite, Fábio; De Almeida Carvalho, Bianca; Martins Peres, Leandro; Kommers, Trícia Cristine; Mânica Da Cruz, Ivana; Salzano, Francisco Mauro; Ruiz-Linares, Andres; Araújo Da Silva Júnior, Wilson; Cátira Bortolini, Maria (July 2005). "Heterogeneity of the genome

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According to an autosomal DNA study (from 2003) focused on the composition of the Brazilian population as a whole, "European contribution is highest in the South (81% to 82%), and lowest in the North (68% to 71%). The African component is lowest in the South (11%), while the highest values are found

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The capital of São Paulo together with the satellite city of Campinas in the metropolitan area has the greatest number of Jews in the country, followed by Rio de Janeiro capital and Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul. Other state capitals in the nation that figure among the largest Jewish

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was a Brazilian zoologist, politician and diplomat born in 1894. Lutz, whose mother was a British nurse and father a Swiss Brazilian pioneering physician and epidemiologist, became a leading figure in both the Pan American feminist movement fighting for women's suffrage and human rights movement. The

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Portuguese people are still the biggest group of foreigners living in the country, with 137,973 Portuguese-born people living in Brazil as of 2010. The first half of 2011 alone saw an increase of 52,000 Portuguese nationals applying for a permanent residence visa while another large group was granted

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In turn, the immigrants who went to the rural settlements (colonies) were gathered in isolated groups, maintaining little contact with the rest of the Brazilian society, which allowed the maintenance of language and ethnic identity for generations. Until the 1940s, in the colonies, few descendants of

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The proportional reduction of blacks and the increase of whites and brown people, between 1835 and 1872, had little or nothing to do with a recent European immigration: between 1822 and 1872, only 268,000 European immigrants entered Brazil, and these immigrants and their descendants did not exceed 6%

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Thus, the "white" population of colonial Brazil was not formed by the multiplication of European families in the colony, as occurred, for example, in the United States, but often by the miscegenation between European men and African or indigenous women, giving rise to a population defined as "white",

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In colonial Brazil, the formation of a white population of exclusive European ancestry was not very common. In the first centuries of colonization, almost only Portuguese men immigrated to Brazil, since Portuguese women were often prevented from migrating. Given such gender imbalance, Portuguese male

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Ruiz-Linares, Andrés; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Quinto-Sanchez, Mirsha; Jaramillo, Claudia; Arias, William; Fuentes, Macarena; Pizarro, María; Everardo, Paola; de Avila, Francisco; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge; León-Mimila, Paola; Hunemeier, Tábita; Ramallo, Virginia; Silva de Cerqueira, Caio

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Saloum de Neves Manta, Fernanda; Pereira, Rui; Vianna, Romulo; Rodolfo Beuttenmüller de Araújo, Alfredo; Leite Góes Gitaí, Daniel; Aparecida da Silva, Dayse; de Vargas Wolfgramm, Eldamária; da Mota Pontes, Isabel; Ivan Aguiar, José; Ozório Moraes, Milton; Fagundes de Carvalho, Elizeu; Gusmão, Leonor

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and his sibling Edwin, both children of an English diplomat, are also praised for pioneering football in Brazil and introducing the sport especially to the city of Rio de Janeiro during the 1900s. Oscar organized the first football match in the history of the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1901 and then

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British immigration to Brazil can be divided into four main periods: colonial, monarchical, Old Republic and the 1960s/1970s. Most of the oldest capitals in Brazil possess colonial Anglican cemeteries or English cemeteries. And a group of Scottish religious dissidents established a settlement in the

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dictatorship, minority languages of European origin still survive in certain communities concentrated in southern Brazil, mainly of German, Italian and Slavic origin. However, their use has been decreasing in recent generations. The break with the isolation of these communities, with the improvement

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The immigration of millions of Europeans to Brazil, between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, contributed to bring greater diversity to the Brazilian population. It is estimated that about 20% of the Brazilian population is descended from people who immigrated to the

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The second main group were the Portuguese who, added to the colonizing population of the earlier centuries, form the most important European group in Brazil. The fragmentation and disappearance of small properties in northern Portugal at the end of the 19th century stimulated a growing emigration to

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An autosomal study from 2011 (with nearly almost 1000 samples from all over the country, "whites", "pardos" and "blacks" included, according to their respective proportions) has also concluded that European ancestry is the predominant ancestry in Brazil, accounting for nearly 70% of the ancestry of

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An autosomal study from 2013, with nearly 1300 samples from all of the Brazilian regions, found a pred. degree of European ancestry combined with African and Native American contributions, in varying degrees. 'Following an increasing North to South gradient, European ancestry was the most prevalent

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Another study (autosomal DNA study, from 2010) found out that European ancestry predominates in the Brazilian population as a whole ("whites", "pardos" and "blacks" altogether). European ancestry is dominant throughout Brazil at nearly 80%, except for the Southern part of Brazil, where the European

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According to another study, autosomal DNA study (see table), those who identified as whites in Rio de Janeiro turned out to have 86.4% – and self identified pardos 68.1% – European ancestry on average. Blacks were found out to have on average 41.8% European ancestry.

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back in 1894. Even though the sport had been played in an informal manner since the 1870s by British, Dutch and French sailors, as well as by European immigrants, Miller's merit lays in the fact that he arrived in Brazil with the necessary apparatus for the organized practice of football, being the

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Today, the state of São Paulo is home to the majority of the Lithuanian Brazilians, and its capital hosts the only true Lithuanian neighborhood in South America – Vila Zelina. Its construction was carried out ~1927 when Lithuanian immigration was peaking. The district is centered around Republic of

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and Brazil started to encourage the arrival of European immigrants, in order to make the white population grow and to dilute the African and Amerindian blood in their population. Argentina even had an article in its Constitution prohibiting any attempt to prevent the entry of European immigrants in

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The end of the slave trade (1850) and the abolition of slavery (1888) prompted the Brazilian State to promote European immigration to Brazil. The production of coffee, the main product of Brazil at the time, began to suffer a shortage of workers due to the slave emancipation process. In one hundred

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As a result of that desire of whitening its own population, the Brazilian ruling classes encouraged the arrival of massive European immigration to the country. In the 1890s, 1.2 million European immigrants were added to the country's 5 million whites. Today the Brazilian areas with larger

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Pena, Sérgio D. J.; Di Pietro, Giuliano; Fuchshuber-Moraes, Mateus; Genro, Julia Pasqualini; Hutz, Mara H.; Kehdy, Fernanda de Souza Gomes; Kohlrausch, Fabiana; Magno, Luiz Alexandre Viana; Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho; Moraes, Manoel Odorico; Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral de; Moraes, Milene Raiol

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Chacón-Duque, Juan-Camilo; Adhikari, Kaustubh; Fuentes-Guajardo, Macarena; Mendoza-Revilla, Javier; Acuña-Alonzo, Victor; Barquera, Rodrigo; Quinto-Sánchez, Mirsha; Gómez-Valdés, Jorge; Everardo Martínez, Paola; Villamil-Ramírez, Hugo; Hünemeier, Tábita; Ramallo, Virginia; Silva de Cerqueira, Caio

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According to another autosomal DNA study from 2009, the Brazilian population, in all regions of the country, was also found out to be predominantly European: "all the Brazilian samples (regions) lie more closely to the European group than to the African populations or to the Mestizos from Mexico".

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Greek immigration to Brazil can be divided into three periods. The first Greek families arrived during the monarchical period in the 19th century, followed by two larger influxes: the period right after the break of the Great War in 1914 and prolonged until the 1930s, and the final one right after

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on the planet. Ashkenazi Jews first arrived during Imperial times, when the liberal second emperor of Brazil welcomed a few thousands of families facing persecution in Europe during the 1870s and 1880s. Two heavier influxes took place during the 20th century. The earliest right after the Great War

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However, the impact of the White immigration was larger in Southern Brazil, because even though it got a lesser migration, since it had a very small population, the immigration's impact was greater to its demography when compared to other Brazilian regions. The main concentrations in Rio Grande do

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European immigrants were brought to Brazil mostly to replace the slave labor in coffee plantations. Brazilian landowners, who were used to deal with slaves, began to deal with free and paid European workers. These immigrants were often mistreated by Brazilian farmers and subjected to conditions of

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On the other hand, the Portuguese and their descendants managed to increase their numbers, year after year, not by the entry of new immigrants, but by their remarkable reproductive capacity, particularly through miscegenation with indigenous and black women, which explains the continuous growth of

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It is notable that most Portuguese settlers arrived in Brazil in the 18th century: 600,000 in a period of only sixty years. Initially unattractive during the first two centuries of colonization, as it concentrated sugar production, which required high investments, by the end of the 17th and in the

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In the 1940 census, people were asked for their "color or race"; if the answer was not "White", "Black", or "Yellow", interviewers were instructed to fill the "color or race" box with a slash. These slashes were later totaled in the category "pardo". In practice this means answers such as "pardo",

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concluded that "racial-purity" is not important for a person to be classified as white in Brazil. The survey asked respondents if they had any ancestors who were European, African or Amerindian. As much as 52% of those whites reported they have some non-European ancestry: 25% reported to have some

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In support of the dominant European heritage of Brazil, according to another autosomal DNA study (from 2009) conducted on a school in the poor periphery of Rio de Janeiro the "pardos" there were found to be on average over 80% European, and the "whites" (who thought of themselves as "very mixed")

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for 49% of the caucasian population. According to this study, in all United States 11% of Caucasians have over 10% African genes. Thus, 86% of Brazilians would have at least 10% of genes that came from Africa. The researchers however were cautious about its conclusions: "Obviously these estimates

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Portuguese women appeared with some regularity among immigrants, with percentage variation in different decades and regions of the country. However, even among the influx of Portuguese immigrants at the turn of the 20th century, there were 319 men to each 100 women among them. The Portuguese were

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largely influenced race relations in Brazil since the late 19th century. The predominant non-white, mostly Afro-Brazilian population was seen as a problem for Brazil in the eyes of the predominantly white elite of the country. In contrast to some countries, like the United States or South Africa,

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for "color", denotes the Brazilian rough equivalent of the term "race" in English, but is based on a complex phenotypic evaluation that takes into account skin pigmentation, hair type, nose shape, and lip shape. This concept, unlike the English notion of "race", captures the continuous aspects of

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Pérola Ellis Byington (Pearl) born in 1879 to the American immigrants Mary Elisabeth Ellis and Robert Dickson McIntyre in Santa Bárbara D'Oeste and married to the industrialist Alberto Jackson Byington, was an accoladed educator, social activist, philanthropist and volunteer for the American and

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This does not mean that the majority of the population in these regions is "white"; on the contrary, due to the high degree of miscegenation between Europeans, Africans and Amerindians, in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil only a minority is white, and the majority identify themselves as

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A 2015 autosomal genetic study, which also analysed data of 25 studies of 38 different Brazilian populations concluded that: European ancestry accounts for 62% of the heritage of the population, followed by the African (21%) and the Native American (17%). The European contribution is highest in

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city, Northeastern Brazil, found whites of Porto Alegre had 8% of African alleles and in Natal the ancestry of the samples total was characterized as 58% white, 25% black, and 17% Amerindian. This study found that persons identified as white or Pardo in Natal have similar ancestries, a dominant

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Most Hungarian descendants live in São Paulo, where there are several Hungarian associations. Hungarians have two institutions with legal personality: the Brazilian-Hungarian Aid Association and the Brazilian-Hungarian Cultural Association and both own the auditorium Hungarian House. The Kálmán

4046:). Liberty statue (1977) that crowns the Plaza center is modelled after the one in Kaunas, Lithuania (that original symbol of interwar Lithuanian freedom had been pulled down by Soviets in 1950, making its reconstruction in communism-free São Paulo even more symbolic). It bears the inscription 3591:

Endogamy was the rule among the 19th-century German, Austrian and Luxembourgish colonies and young married women in the homogeneously isolated German colonies settled in the three Southern states had a high fertility rate of 8–9 children per woman; that was especially the case for those youths

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de Assis Poiares, Lilian; de Sá Osorio, Paulo; Spanhol, Fábio Alexandre; Coltre, Sidnei César; Rodenbusch, Rodrigo; Gusmão, Leonor; Largura, Alvaro; Sandrini, Fabiano; da Silva, Cláudia Maria Dornelles (February 2010). "Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian

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Brazilian coffee producers, fearful of the crisis in the labor force, began to put pressure on the Legislative Branch to facilitate the entry of foreign workers to be inserted as manpower in the coffee plantations. To this end, laws were enforced to facilitate the entry of immigrants and the

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to defend the "whitening" of the population as a necessary factor for the development of Brazil. The Brazilian social and political elite, which was mostly white, took it for granted that the country did not develop because its population was largely composed of black and mixed-race people.

1979:. The Italians, pressured by the poverty that plagued Italy, headed for rural settlements in southern Brazil, where they became small farmers, as well as for coffee farms in the southeast, where they replaced slave labor. Others, especially the southern ones, went straight to urban centers. 2945:, Poles and Swedes, was also one of the destinations in the South and Southeast for American Confederate settlers in 1867, differing from São Paulo and Paraná colonies, where the American Confederate presence gave birth to new towns such as Americana in São Paulo. Neighboring towns such as 6657:

Several other older studies have suggested that European ancestry is the main component in all Brazilian regions. A study from 1965, Methods of Analysis of a Hybrid Population (Human Biology, vol 37, number 1), led by the geneticists D. F. Roberts e R. W. Hiorns, found out the average the

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to "whiten" Brazil, since the Amerindian and African elements were very strong in the population, a fact that was considered a problem by the local elite, that considered these races inferior. Bringing European immigrants was seen as a way to "improve" the racial composition of the local

3432:

settled in Brazil, starting in 1824. They were the fourth largest nationality to immigrate to Brazil, after the Portuguese (1.8 million), the Italians (1.6 million), the Spaniards (0.72 million); Germans were followed by the Japanese (248,000), the Poles and the Russians.

6435:

According to another autosomal study from 2008, by the University of Brasília (UnB), European ancestry dominates in the whole of Brazil (in all regions), accounting for 65,90% of heritage of the population, followed by the African contribution (24,80%) and the Native American (9,3%).

5729: 8528:

El Gobierno federal fomentará la inmigración europea; y no podrá restringir, limitar ni gravar con impuesto alguno la entrada en el territorio argentino de los extranjeros que traigan por objeto labrar la tierra, mejorar las industrias, e introducir y enseñar las ciencias y las

322:. Historically, the Portuguese were the Europeans who mostly immigrated to Brazil: it is estimated that, between 1500 and 1808, 500,000 of them went to live in Brazil, and the Portuguese were practically the only European group to have definitively settled in colonial Brazil. 7346: 7330: 6648:

in the Southeast (18–20%). Extreme values for the Amerindian fraction were found in the South and Southeast (7%–8%) and North (17%–18%)". The researchers were cautious with the results as their samples came from paternity test takers which may have skewed the results partly.

1328:, to explore sugar production, which was the most profitable activity in the colony at that time. At the end of the 16th century, the white population (the vast majority Portuguese) was of over 30,000 people, mainly concentrated in the captaincies of Pernambuco, Bahia and 2777:

but also French and received the second largest number of Jews after SP. São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro followed by Paraná also received most of the English-Welsh and Scots; The countryside of Espírito Santo was mainly populated by people arriving from Germany, especially

348:

The white Brazilian population is spread throughout Brazil's territory, but its highest percentage is found in the three southernmost states, where 72.6% of the population claims to be White in the censuses, whereas the Southeast region has the largest absolute numbers.

1375:

is that it was predominantly male. Portuguese immigration to Brazil in the 16th and 17th centuries was made up almost exclusively of men. The typical Portuguese settler in Brazil was a young man in his late teens or in his early twenties, coming from the provinces of

1667:“brown” in the censuses; however, the genetic composition of these regions, with a predominance of European ancestry, particularly Portuguese, highlights the genetic legacy inherited from Portuguese colonization and the complex miscegenation that occurred back then. 4244:

At the end of the American Civil War in the 1860s, a migration of Confederates to Brazil began, with the total number of immigrants estimated in the thousands. They settled primarily in Southern and Southeastern Brazil founding many towns in the state of São Paulo:

2486:

The influence of the environment cannot be underestimated: immigrants who went to coffee farms or urban centers assimilated more easily, as there was daily contact with Brazilians, generating common interests, friendships and mixed marriages. In these regions, the

13887:

Callegari-Jacques, Sidia M.; Grattapaglia, Dario; Salzano, Francisco M.; Salamoni, Sabrina P.; Crossetti, Shaiane G.; Ferreira, Márcio E.; Hutz, Mara H. (November 2003). "Historical genetics: Spatiotemporal analysis of the formation of the Brazilian population".

9361: 7893: 2482:

of these immigrants in the Brazilian society was highly variable from nationality to nationality. Portuguese, Italians and Spaniards assimilated more easily; Russians, Poles and Austrians occupied an intermediate position, while Germans were more resistant.

1419:

but which was, to a greater or lesser degree, of mixed-race heritage. This population, speaking Portuguese and completely integrated with the "neo-Brazilian" culture, has assisted the Portuguese colonizers to impose their dominant characteristics in Brazil.

1368:, there were more favorable conditions for the arrival of Portuguese immigrants in Brazil. There was no need for major investments for mining activity. Mining in these regions was a crucial factor in the arrival of this contingent of Portuguese immigrants. 13833:

Rodrigues de Moura, Ronald; Coelho, Antonio Victor Campos; de Queiroz Balbino, Valdir; Crovella, Sergio; Brandão, Lucas André Cavalcanti (10 September 2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries".

10122: 3919:

Between 1850 and 1965 around 100,000 French people immigrated to Brazil. The country received the second largest number of French immigrants to South America after Argentina (239,000). It is estimated that there are 1.2 million Brazilians of French and

7766:

Ronald Rodrigues de Moura; Antonio Victor Campos Coelho; Valdir de Queiroz Balbino; Sergio Crovella; Lucas André Cavalcanti Brandão (10 September 2015). "Meta-analysis of Brazilian genetic admixture and comparison with other Latin America countries".

1639:: "An infinity of blacks died without leaving any descendants". In 1850, with the prohibition of the entry of new slaves in Brazil, the proportional growth of the black population not only stagnated, but also decreased substantially, as can be seen. 5563:

Until quite recently, many of these towns have been relatively isolated areas, and German or Italian cultural traditions are still very strong, with many of their inhabitants being able to speak German or Italian, especially in the more rural areas.

6085:

According to another study (from 1965, and based on blood groups and electrophoretic markers) carried out on whites of Northeastern Brazilian origin living in São Paulo the ancestries would be 70% European, 18% African and 12% Amerindian admixture.

3194:

was seen as the great chance of enrichment for those who emigrated and this explains why most Portuguese immigrants chose the city of Rio de Janeiro as their main destination. Many of those who arrived came to work as clerks in one of the countless

3280:, which came to be labeled an "Italian city" in the early twentieth century, Italians engaged mainly in the incipient industry and urban services activities. They came to represent 90% of the 60,000 workers employed in São Paulo factories in 1901. 5783:. This analysis, however, only shows a small fraction of a person's ancestry (the Y Chromosome comes from a single male ancestor and the mtDNA from a single female ancestor, while the contributions of the many other ancestors is not specified). 2833:

The vast majority of Slavs is concentrated in Paraná, mainly Poles, Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians, followed by German and Italian dwellers in the countryside who also arrived to populate the sparsely inhabited South. Some localities like

4525:

Whites dominate Brazilian arts, business and science. Overall, whites constitute 86.3% of the 1% richest population of Brazil as of 2007. The majority of representatives of the 20 largest companies in Brazil are white. These companies include

1573:

According to estimates of Brazil's ethnic composition in 1835 (excluding the indigenous peoples), just over half of the Brazilian population was black (51.4%), followed by whites (24.4%) and brown people (18.2%). About four decades later,

2507:

of highways and infrastructure, the need to learn Portuguese to enter the job market, as well as the diffusion of the media (press, radio, television, internet), has led to the growing use of the Portuguese language in these communities.

3436:

Most German immigrants in Brazil became small landowners in the interior of the southern region. They started very poor but, over time, their settlements grew and they prospered. In the 1930s, while occupying less than 0.5% of Brazil's

4598:

Whites also dominate the sciences and academics. According to a Folha University Ranking, among the rectors and vice-chancellors of the 25 top universities, 89.8% are white; 8.2% are brown; 2% are black; none are yellow (East Asian).

4487:

said the new status would strengthen ties between both Brazilians and Israelis. Suplicy, who had recently married a Jew, added that the new status would be a kickoff for urban, cultural, scientific, tourist and economic programs.

3849:

went to the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo between 1858 and 1862, where they founded the settlement of Holanda, a colony of 500 mainly Reformed folk from West Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Dutch province of Zeeland. Dutch and other

3635:, working as small farmers. From 1872 to 1919, 110,243 "Russian" citizens entered Brazil. In fact, the vast majority of them were Poles ("Russian" Catholics), since, up to 1917, a part of Poland was under Russian rule due to the 13544: 4576:

has been the highest paid model in the world for 10 years. With a reported net worth of $ 290 million, she is widely recognized as the poster child for Brazilian fashion models, being the first 'breakthrough' model from Brazil.

1319:

In the first two centuries of colonization (16th and 17th centuries), it is estimated that no more than 100,000 Portuguese people migrated to Brazil. They were more affluent immigrants, who settled mainly in the captaincies of

4022:

migration peaked in the 1920s and 1930s, when 35% of all emigrants from interwar Lithuania chosen Brazil as their destination, around 50,000 moved in. Besides Lithuanians, the Baltic diaspora also comprises one of the largest

1834:; but in 1654, when the Portuguese regained control of Brazil, most of them were expelled, as well as most of the Dutch settlers. A group of Dutch and Portuguese Jews then moved to North America, forming a Jewish community in 10980: 2933:), also received Italians, French, Swedes, Norwegians, Swiss, Lithuanians and Latvians, Estonians, Finns, Poles, Slovenians, Croatians, Belgians and Spaniards to populate its interior during the 19th century. The town of 9349: 11524: 12527: 7927:

de; Ojopi, Élida B.; Perini, Jamila A.; Racciopi, Clarice; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos; Rios-Santos, Fabrício; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Sortica, Vinicius A.; Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme (16 February 2011).

4369:

in the country. There were many causes for Levantines to leave their homelands in the Ottoman Empire; overpopulation in Lebanon, conscription in Lebanon and Syria, and religious persecution by the Ottoman Turks.

12594: 1986:

The third most numerous group came from Spain. Spaniards, often forgotten by Brazilian historiography, went mainly to São Paulo, to work in the coffee plantations. They were mainly from southern Spain, from the

10126: 1256:

The 1872 and 1890 censuses counted "caboclos" (White-Amerindian mixed race people) apart. In the 1890 census, the category "pardo" was replaced with "mestiço". Figures for 1890 are available at the IBGE site.

7237: 3938:

The relations between Brazil and Sweden are rooted in the family ties of the Brazilian and the Swedish Royal Families and in the Swedish emigration to Brazil in the end of the 19th century. The wife of King

3844:

During the 19th and 20th century, a few immigrants from the Netherlands came to the central and southern states of Brazil. The first Dutch immigrants to South America after its independence waves from their

10156: 1998:

The fourth most relevant group were the Germans. The promotion of German immigration to Brazil was old, dating back to 1824, with the presence of immigrants who had a great importance in the occupation of

8373: 8823: 4306:

were named, were primally Scottish, English-Welsh, Irish, Scandinavian, Dutch and German, (ethnic Germans among Romanian, Czech, Russian and Polish immigrant descendants). More recently, other waves of

9195: 3175:

After independence in 1822, about 1.79 million Portuguese immigrants arrived in Brazil, most of them in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Most of these immigrants settled in Rio de Janeiro.

10709: 9959: 10876: 9551: 9461: 4209:

first team manager, and consolidating it within sports clubs by captivating the public, considering that the then British-Brazilians and other citizens of the period were more accustomed to cricket.

13094: 13069: 1578:, the census registered significant changes in the ethnic composition: blacks dropped to 19.7%, while whites increased their proportion to 38.1% and brown people became the most numerous, at 42.2%. 5760:

suffer only minor mutations through centuries, thus can be used to establish the paternal line in males (because only males have the Y chromosome) and the maternal line in both males and females.

4595:, a television presenter, film actress, singer and successful businesswoman born in Rio Grande do Sul, has the highest net worth of any Brazilian female entertainer, estimated at US$ 350 million. 3273:, where they initially worked for the local landowners, either for a wage or under a contract that allowed them to use a portion of land for subsistency, in exchange for labour in the plantation. 1513: 11855: 11546: 12754: 12046: 9494: 8175: 7538: 7275: 3441:, German communities generated 8% of the Brazilian agricultural production. Over time, some of the German settlements became urbanized and by 1930 Germans owned 10% of industries and 12% of 1549: 12012: 9694: 4460:. Erected in 1636, its foundations have been recently rediscovered, and the 20th-century buildings on the site have been altered to resemble a 17th-century Dutch synagogue. There is now a 325:

Furthermore, even after independence, the Portuguese were among the nationalities that mostly immigrated to Brazil. Between 1884 and 1959, 4,734,494 immigrants entered Brazil, mostly from

9841: 11641: 10240: 7474: 13552: 4268:

The bordering state of Paraná was the main destination in the South, followed by Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, where Americans arrived in 1867 settling in growing towns such as

2018:

It was only in 1818 that the Portuguese rulers abandoned the principle of restricting settling in Brazil to Portuguese nationals. In that year over two thousand Swiss migrants from the

11906: 11600:

Levas de humildes jovens ingleses, galeses e escoceses que se fixaram sobretudo em São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro durante os anos 1960 e 1970 fugindo de um rígido sistema de castas sociais

9520: 2495:

immigrants knew how to speak Portuguese, even though some of them had been living in Brazil for generations. The big blow came through the nationalization campaign, implemented during

5810:

Another genetic research suggested that the white Brazilian population is not genetically homogenous, as its genomic ancestry varies in different regions. Samples of white males from

8743: 5739:

In Brazil, European genetic ancestry reaches its maximum in the central area of the Southern Region (90-99.99%) and its minimum in the northern area of the Northern Region (40-50%).

2661:

Most of the 4,431,000 immigrants that entered the country between 1821 and 1932 settled in São Paulo (state) and other Southeastern states: São Paulo received most of the Italians (

2101:

The mass European immigration to Brazil only started in the second half of the 19th century, from 1850 to 1970 over 5 million Europeans arrived, because of three main reasons:

12821: 10984: 9102: 12980: 10336: 1866:

However, in the Southern Brazilian areas disputed between Portugal and Spain, Spanish colonists largely contributed for the ethnic formation of the local population, denominated

12551:"Cover Story: Xuxa's Very Big Neighborhood : Brazil's glittery godmother of children's TV has conquered Latin America, invaded Europe and set her sights on the U.S. market" 10898: 9657: 4315:

Brazilian Red Cross, who had hospitals and a town in Paraná named after her. Other famous Brazilians who descend from American immigrants are the former Chief Justice of Brazil

10210: 6971: 12944: 9003: 8648: 7029: 4323:, a geneticist, agricultural engineer, entomologist, professor and scientific leader, notable for his discoveries in the genetics and sex determination of bees and the singer 13755:

Alves-Silva, Juliana; da Silva Santos, Magda; Guimarães, Pedro E.M.; Ferreira, Alessandro C.S.; Bandelt, Hans-Jürgen; Pena, Sérgio D.J.; Prado, Vania Ferreira (August 2000).

10298: 7885: 8934: 11520: 3374:, who emigrated alone and paid for their passage by ship. Galician smallholders and artisans settled mainly in urban areas of Brazil and eventually became factory workers. 1316:

Brazil received more European settlers during its colonial era than any other country in the Americas. Between 1500 and 1760, about 700,000 Europeans immigrated to Brazil.

544:

phenotypes. Thus, it seems there is no racial descent rule operational in Brazil; it is even possible for two siblings to belong to completely diverse "racial" categories.

9746: 4042:), where 7 streets meet up (one of them named after a Lithuanian priest Pijus Ragažinskas (Pio Ragazinskas, 1907–1988) who started the only Lithuanian-Brazilian newspaper 539:

In Brazil, social prejudice connected to certain details in the physical appearance of individual is widespread. Those details are related to the concept of "cor". "Cor",

13040: 12519: 12582: 12156: 6807: 14148: 12186: 11044: 547:

An important factor about whiteness in Brazil is the racial stigma of being Amerindian or Black, which is undesirable and avoided for a large part of the population.

14509: 7233: 7211: 13804: 13602:

Santos, Ricardo Ventura; Fry, Peter H.; Monteiro, Simone; Maio, Marcos Chor; Rodrigues, José Carlos; Bastos-Rodrigues, Luciana; Pena, Sérgio D. J. (December 2009).

10366: 9320:[The great European immigration to Brazil and immigrants within the Spanish scenario of the Paulista coffee plantations: one of the issues (in) visibility] 8960:[The great European immigration to Brazil and immigrants within the Spanish scenario of the Paulista coffee plantations: one of the issues (in) visibility] 8765: 8416: 4480:

communities are Curitiba in Paraná, Belo Horizonte in Minas Gerais, Recife, the national capital Brasília in the Federal District, Belém, Manaus and Florianópolis.

7448: 11393: 10148: 7674: 11309: 8863: 2610: 10932: 8357: 1863:

Aside these military attempts, a very small number of non-Portuguese people appear to have managed to enter Brazil from European countries other than Portugal.

13980: 10954: 9879: 8830: 5556:

In the 19th century, many German and Italian immigrants were attracted by the Brazilian government to populate inhospitable areas in the South of the country.

4557:, an investor and the child of Swiss immigrants, is ranked as the 19th richest person in the world by Forbes, with an estimated net worth of US$ 38.7 billion. 3445:

in Brazil. Other settlements remained rural and rather isolated and even today many of their inhabitants are still able to speak German or a Germanic dialect.

9585: 9191: 8114: 1882:

about the ethnic formation of the Brazilian Gaúchos: they are mostly the result of the miscegenation of Spanish and Portuguese males with Amerindian females.

11419: 10701: 9947: 3367:. Most of them had their passage by ship paid by the Brazilian government, emigrated in families and were taken to the coffee farms for the needed manpower. 12467: 12005:"Dozens of Brazilian Olim Arrive in Time for Israel's Purim Carnivals - The Jewish Press - David Israel - 5 Adar II 5776 – March 14, 2016 - JewishPress.com" 10872: 9547: 9457: 8616: 15165: 13101: 13062: 10521:

Ina Emmel (2005). ""Die kann nun nich', die is' beim treppenputzen!" O PROGRESSIVO NO ALEMÃO DE POMERODE–SC" (PDF). UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA.

7376: 5837:

have a predominantly degree of European ancestry (>70%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions. "Whites" and "pardos" from

4279:

was the first foreign Chief of State and Head of Government to visit Washington, D.C. in 1876 and also attended the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia.

2141:

banned subsidized immigration to Brazil, after complaints that Spanish citizens were living in conditions of semi-slavery in coffee plantations of Brazil.

12342: 10775: 12560: 5736: 12713: 11850: 11550: 9842:

http://www.brasil.kiev.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=172:ucranianos-no-brasil&catid=45:ucranianos-no-brasil&Itemid=110

8554: 12779: 12293: 7299: 13931:

Ferreira, Luzitano Brandão; Mendes, Celso Teixeira; Wiezel, Cláudia Emília Vieira; Luizon, Marcelo Rizzatti; Simões, Aguinaldo Luiz (September 2006).

10071: 8171: 7607: 12744: 11191:"Brazil Brown Bag Seminar Series – Lithuanian Diaspora in the Americas by Erick Reis Godliauskas Zen. Organizer: Lemann Center for Brazilian Studies" 10096: 2786:), Switzerland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, France, Romania, Slovakia and Iberia, comprising chiefly Catalans but including 2590: 2513: 9630: 2121:

Brazilian government started to spend public money paying the passage of immigrants from Europe. The state of São Paulo, in the first decade of the

12039: 11880: 9490: 9302: 9127: 7534: 7282: 1425: 1332:. The colonization process continued throughout the 17th century and by the end of the century, the white population was of nearly 100,000 people. 12267: 12004: 8243: 13170: 11576: 11190: 10740: 9690: 5089: 3803:

and working as farmers in the state, today a land of regnant Orthodox churches, where Slavic traditions can be witnessed all over the territory.

3169: 251: 13364: 12208: 10593: 8766:"COMPARANDO O USO DAS LÍNGUAS PELOS FALANTES DE MINORIAS LINGUÍSTICAS: O CASO DOS DESCENDENTES ALEMÃES NO BRASIL E O CASO DOS GREGOS NA GEÓRGIA" 8446: 1531: 528:, that separated "whites" from "non-whites", was regarded as impractical in Brazil, since this would even exclude many members of the Brazilian 15123:

refers to countries, regions and territories in which the majority ethnic group is generally considered to be people of white European descent.

14141: 10679: 10649: 10236: 7470: 7004: 2130: 1939: 12407: 12134: 11019: 10178: 8490: 4546:

groups, and according to the Valor 1000 ranking from 2014, 95% of these representatives declare themselves as white, 5% declare themselves as

2870:, Faroese people and other Scandinavians, as well as to Slavs, Italians, French, Swiss, Spaniards and one of the country's Jewish communities. 15787: 13326:

Helena, M.; Franco, L. P.; Weimer, Tania A.; Salzano, F. M. (1981), "Blood polymorphisms and racial admixture in two Brazilian populations",

11942: 11902: 11679: 9768: 9516: 8518: 4086: 2942: 9317: 8957: 2993:, founded in 1891 still have an over 90% Venetian population of which many still speak the Talian dialect. Most Venetians settled after the 1443: 14466: 11445: 11165: 9853: 9720: 9067: 8739: 4465: 3484: 13458: 12813: 5771:

comes from a European male ancestor, only 2% from an African ancestor and there is a complete absence of Amerindian contributions. On the

15913: 14126: 13522: 11795: 10461: 8077: 7418: 6442:

In all regions studied, the European ancestry was predominant, with proportions ranging from 60.6% in the Northeast to 77.7% in the South

5521: 4630: 4444:

can be found in every one of the 5 geographical regions, but are most common in the Northeast, with Pernambuco having one of the largest

3858:(named after Holland-America-Brazil), famous for its tulips and the annual Expoflora event, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and around 1399:

In addition to the fact that marriageable Portuguese women who arrived in Brazil were rare, the few remaining white women often remained

9924: 9318:"A GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPÉIA PARA O BRASIL E O IMIGRANTE ESPANHOL NO CENÁRIO DA CAFEICULTURA PAULISTA: ASPECTOS DE UMA (IN)VISIBILIDADE" 9098: 8958:"A GRANDE IMIGRAÇÃO EUROPÉIA PARA O BRASIL E O IMIGRANTE ESPANHOL NO CENÁRIO DA CAFEICULTURA PAULISTA: ASPECTOS DE UMA (IN)VISIBILIDADE" 8905: 2826:, where one of the first colonies to take an urbanized figure was Hamburger Berg, future Novo Hamburgo, dismembered from or spun out of 14474: 12976: 11361: 11076: 10332: 5270: 1658:, showing a Brazilian family each generation becoming "whiter" (black grandmother, mulatto mother, white father, and white baby), 1895. 14044:

Dornelles, C L; Callegari-Jacques, S M; Robinson, W M; Weimer, T A; Franco, M H L P; Hickmann, A C; Geiger, C J; Salzamo, F M (1999).

12108: 11756: 10906: 9665: 6538:

Southern Brazil (77%), the African highest in Northeast Brazil (27%) and the Native American is the highest in Northern Brazil (32%).

4298:. The New Texas settlement leader, Frank McMullen, also left the U.S. in 1865 with former citizens of the Confederacy. Ethnically the 2578: 14134: 10214: 9266: 6963: 1457: 12951: 11467: 8999: 8641: 7389: 7040: 14690: 14499: 14489: 14479: 13199:"Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals" 10288: 7178: 5748:(mtDNA) is present in all human beings and passed down through the maternal line, i.e. the mother of a mother of a mother etc. The 5744:

The genes can reveal from what part of the world the oldest ancestors of the paternal and maternal line of a person came from. The

5560:

was banned in these settlements and many of these areas remained settled exclusively by European immigrants and their descendants.

4646: 2830:, dubbed the cradle of German culture in Brazil. Its capital, Porto Alegre, has the third largest Jewish population in the nation. 14632: 14046:"Genetics, surnames, grandparents' nationalities, and ethnic admixture in Southern Brazil: Do the patterns of variation coincide?" 13148: 8930: 8791: 7402: 3735:). The parish founded in 1819 was given the name of "São João Batista de Nova Friburgo" (Saint John the Baptist of New Fribourg), 2630: 15935: 15383: 14868: 14537: 12320: 11730: 10955:"Imigração Holandesa no Brasil. Glossário. História, Sociedade e Educação no Brasil – HISTEDBR – Faculdade de Educação – UNICAMP" 9435: 8400: 3841:

being a colony of the Dutch Republic from 1630 to 1654. The Dutch were then expelled as Portugal regained control of the region.

3352:

came to Brazil, starting in the late 19th century. Most of them were attracted to work in the coffee plantations in the State of

1963:

The main immigrant group to arrive in Brazil from the end of the 19th century onwards were the Italians, and they went mainly to

15357: 11090: 9742: 8199:"Entrada de Trabalhadores Estrangeiros no Brasil: Evolução Legislativa e Políticas Subjacentes nos Séculos XIX e XX. PhD thesis" 3178:

Portuguese immigration to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries was marked by its concentration in the most urbanized states of

532:. Thus, in Brazil, racial classifications are more flexible and based primarily on a person's physical characteristics, such as 15100: 14659: 14557: 14484: 12400:"Em 2007, trabalhadores brancos ganharam quase duas vezes mais que os negros, diz IBGE – 24/09/2008 – UOL Notícias – Cotidiano" 9994: 7648: 4483:

In August 2004, the mayor of São Paulo, a metropolis home to 77,000 Jews, declared her city a sister city with Tel Aviv. Mayor

4472:, Dutch colony that would become today's New York. They founded in New Amsterdam the oldest Jewish congregation in the US, the 2846:. After 1909 Dutch settlers became accountable for the dairy farming development in the prairies region of the state, known as 2562: 1838:, today's New York city, while a few of the Dutch colonists settled in the highlands in the countryside of Pernambuco known as 13032: 12377: 11253: 9161: 5620:

The Brazilian towns with the lowest percentages of whites are located in Northern and Northeastern Brazil and are also small.

15275: 14894: 14547: 14494: 13729: 12922: 12160: 11828: 11504: 10531:

Göz Kaufmann (2004). "Eine Gruppe – Zwei Geschichten – Drei Sprachen. Rußlanddeutsche Mennoniten in Brasilien und Paraguay".

9918: 9273: 8899: 8590: 8038: 7765: 6804: 2858:

dubbed Little Holland. The Castro region also received many Lithuanians. The capital, Curitiba, is home to a large figure of

2050:

and 16.42% of other unspecified nationalities. These immigrants settled mostly in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil.

13639: 12646: 11614: 10562: 9402: 8149: 7671:"EXPECTATIVA DE VIDA E MORTALIDADE DE ESCRAVOS: Uma análise da Freguesia do Divino Espírito Santo do Lamim – MG (1859-1888)" 7364:

Sexo, raça e estado civil, nacionalidade, filiação culto e analphabetismo da população recenseada em 31 de dezembro de 1890.

4672:

is the most successful Brazilian tennis player at the Grand Slam tournaments. She won seven single titles (four wins at the

14542: 13256: 12182: 11051: 7512: 3944: 1246:

In the 1872 census, people were counted based on self-declaration, except for slaves, who were classified by their owners.

446:, where historically only people of entirely or (almost entirely) European ancestry have been considered white, due to the 14711: 13707: 11652: 11389:

Mapa de Luiz Jardim em Ingleses no Brasil: aspectos da influência britânica sobre a vida, a paisagem e a cultura do Brasil

7201: 2917:) was also the main destination for Danes and the state that was sparsely populated and had its shore mainly inhabited by 15864: 15585: 15142: 14552: 13808: 12787: 12372:[Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century]. 11231: 11120: 11005:

DI LORENZO, Ana Lúcia. "Os italianos em Taubaté: o núcleo colonial do Quiririm – 1890/1920", Tese, São Paulo, 2002. p. 34

10899:"Restauração da igreja ortodoxa de estilo ucraniano de Mallet – Marco da valorização da presença eslava no Sul do Brasil" 10491: 9794: 8769: 8412: 8273: 5830:

European ancestry, while persons identified as white in Porto Alegre have an overwhelming majority of European ancestry.

4030:

The first Lithuanians to set foot on Brazil in the 19th century had as their destination the newly established colony of

3127:

was so longed that by 1895 the government of São Paulo spent about 15% of its annual budget on subsidies for immigrants.

248: 12497: 11335: 10358: 9907:"Brazilian "Jim Crow": The Immigration Law Whitening Project and the Customary Law of Racial Segregation – A Case Study" 9230: 8205: 5537:

In a list of the 144 Brazilian towns with the highest percentages of whites, all the cities were located in two states:

15333: 14654: 12877: 11387: 8223:

Imigração, urbanização e industrialização: Estudo sobre alguns aspectos da contribuição cultural do imigrante no Brasil

7670: 7444: 4907: 4214:

1960s and 1970s also saw new waves of English, Scottish and Welsh nationals, especially youths, immigrating to Brazil.

2713:) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and from the 1910s on most of the Lithuanians, Dutch, French, Hungarians, 14642: 12071: 11313: 11287: 9985:[The social and economic integration of Portuguese immigrants in Brazil in the late 19th and 20th centuries]. 9034: 8856: 5752:

is present only in males and passed down through the paternal line, i.e., the father of a father of a father etc. The

3448:

Brazil is home to the second largest population of German descent outside Germany, only behind the United States, and

14680: 12852: 11789: 11608: 10928: 9396: 8367: 8013: 7099: 3870:

known as little Holland, in the plains of Paraná, headquarters of several food companies and a dairy farming region.

3761:

descent due to a small immigration of Luxembourgers to Brazil, mostly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

2994: 15328: 13984: 12437: 11032:

Ils ont été 100 000 à émigrer dans ce pays entre 1850 et 1965 et auraient entre 500 000 et 1 million de descendants.

10958: 10426: 9883: 1951: 15940: 15859: 10559:"Mennoniten – junge gemeinde – Mennoniten in Lateinamerika / Paraguay / Brasilien / Bolivien / Mexiko / Südamerika" 10396: 9691:"Inaugurado o restauro da igreja ortodoxa de São Miguel Arcanjo em Mallet – Marco da imigração ucraniana no Brasil" 9593: 9267:"Raport o sytuacji Polonii i Polaków za granicą (The official report on the situation of Poles and Polonia abroad)" 8792:"Política lingüística, mitos e concepções lingüísticas em áreas bilíngües de imigrantes (alemães) no Sul do Brasil" 8106: 7422: 6783: 5624: 5277: 4495:

and other Israeli/Jewish papers and surveys placed Brazil among the least anti-Semitic nations in the Americas and

4429: 2842:

and Ukrainians that grew up to be a town, still maintain both their languages and traditions in a Polish-Ukrainian

1485: 1471: 17: 11415: 6094:". According to it the total European, African and Native American contributions to the Brazilian population are: 5814:

have showed significant differences between whites of different localities of state. In a sample from the town of

4618:

is one of the most successful sailors at Olympic Games and one of the most successful Brazilian Olympic athletes.

15473: 14358: 12459: 8609: 7929:"The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil Is More Uniform Than Expected" 5595: 3219:

which was higher than any other European immigrant community, and behind only the Japanese among all immigrants.

2547: 2532: 15303: 11872: 6862:"Latin Americans show wide-spread Converso ancestry and imprint of local Native ancestry on physical appearance" 5607: 4522:

Whites constitute the majority of Brazil's population regarding the total numbers within a single racial group.

3905:– 1960). Many Belgians also preferred to establish their lives in urban centers such as Rio de Janeiro capital. 1499: 15706: 15675: 15423: 15404: 15352: 15055: 14787: 14627: 14336: 12346: 11710: 11144:"Russian immigration to Brazil in the first half of the 20th century: migration routes and adaptation patterns" 10763: 7276:"Tabela 7 - População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo as Grandes Regiões e as Unidades da Federação - 2000" 6716: 6326:

According to it the total European, African and Native American contributions to the Brazilian population are:

5780: 3392: 1906: 513:

settlers often had relationships with Amerindian or African women, which led to an extremely mixed population.

13485:"Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs" 12721: 10065:"A integração social e económica dos imigrantes portugueses no Brasil nos finais do século xix e no século xx" 9350:"A Presença Britânica e a Língua Inglesa na Corte de D. João. Escrito por Joselita Júnia Viegas Vidotti (USP)" 6964:"IBGE - Brasil: 500 anos de povoamento - estatísticas do povoamento - imigração por nacionalidade (1884/1933)" 3359:

São Paulo attracted between 66% and 75% of the Spaniards who migrated to Brazil. In this state, 55% were from

1385: 15849: 15456: 15346: 14764: 14353: 12343:"CIA data from The World Factbook's Field Listing :: Ethnic groups and Field Listing :: Population" 8542: 4428:

included. Brazil figures on the diasporas list together with Argentina, and São Paulo has one of the largest

4379: 3343: 2814:, followed by Poles. Their arriving numbers supplanted the previous Iberian population, founding cities like 15313: 13174: 12791: 12289: 3584:

in Santa Catarina is Brazil's largest and the world's second largest (after Germany's main beer festival in

3465: 564:

proportions of whites tend to have been destinations of massive European immigration between 1880 and 1930.

15635: 15370: 14685: 14193: 14164: 12241: 10064: 7734:[The role of international migration on the evolution of the Brazilian population (1872 to 1972)]. 7600: 7261:

Environmental Justice and Sustainable Development. With a case study in Brazil's Amazon using Q Methodology

5033: 4677: 4473: 3596: 2819: 2757:; Rio de Janeiro (state) received most of the Portuguese immigrants followed by SP, as well as most of the 608: 389: 14156: 11974: 10100: 9983:"A integração social e econômica dos imigrantes portugueses no Brasil no fim do século XIX e no século XX" 9264: 7202:"Brazil census shows African-Brazilians and Mestizos in the majority for the first time | World news" 4963:, received an important influx of European immigrants in the period of the Great Immigration (1876–1914). 4658: 3948: 15897: 15377: 9622: 6598: 6386: 6276: 6154: 3492: 3370:

In the other Brazilian states, Spanish immigrants from Galicia predominated and those were predominantly

3032: 2990: 2746: 1803: 1722: 1329: 14412: 12620: 10981:"Holandeses no Brasil - Radio Nederland, a emissora internacional e independente da Holanda - Português" 10484:"Os imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes no Brasil : a língua como fator identitário e inclusivo" 9572:

Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson: Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1996, p. 24.

9135: 8543:"Da escravidão à imigração: a transição do trabalho escravo para o trabalho livre assalariado no Brasil" 5845:

also were found to be pred. European in ancestry, with minor Native American and African contributions.

4254: 3873:

Most Belgian settlements took place in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. Among the Flemish colonies are

3249:

arrived in Brazil, starting in 1875. First they settled as small landowners in rural communities across

2137:, which restricted the emigration of Italian citizens to Brazil, prohibiting travel subsidies. In 1910, 1956: 1403:, as it was a tradition among aristocratic or richer white families to send their daughters to Catholic 1278:

In the 1950 census, the category "pardo" was included on its own. Amerindians were counted as "pardos".

536:, hair type and other physical traits, tending to identify as "white" a person with lighter skin color. 15440: 15298: 15288: 15093: 12550: 12263: 11675: 8235: 5826: 5786:

According to another genetic research (based upon about 200 samples again) over 75% of caucasians from

5668: 5658: 5630: 5467: 5080: 4453: 3157: 259: 14945: 13483:

Lins, Tulio C.; Vieira, Rodrigo G.; Abreu, Breno S.; Grattapaglia, Dario; Pereira, Rinaldo W. (2009).

13095:"Síntese de Indicadores Sociais | Uma Análise das Condições de Vida da População Brasileira 2010" 11572: 11198: 10732: 4181: 2941:

to settle in the northeast of Santa Catarina, besides receiving additional waves of Italians from the

442:

The conception of "white" in Brazil is similar to other Latin American countries yet different to the

15680: 15629: 15601: 13371: 12212: 10799:"Perfil de descendentes de poloneses residentes no sul do Brasil: a constituição da(s) identidade(s)" 10585: 9658:"Restauração da igreja ortodoxa de Mallet – Marco da valorização da presença eslava no Sul do Brasil" 8438: 5821:

Another study (based on blood polymorphisms, from 1981) carried out in one thousand individuals from

5664: 5514: 5178: 5009: 3613: 12370:"Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" 11638:

Eugene C. Harter. "The Lost Colony of the Confederacy". Texas A&M University Press, 1985, p. 74.

10671: 10645: 10623: 10273: 8969: 6997: 4448:

populations due to colonial history. Brazil has the oldest synagogue in the Americas founded during

4191:

is celebrated for making football popular in Brazil and deemed as the father of Brazilian football.

3952: 2116:

was effectively suppressed in 1850 and coffee plantations were spreading in the region of São Paulo.

345:

and other countries and nowadays millions of Brazilians are also descended from these immigrants.

307:) refers to Brazilian citizens who are considered or self-identify as "white", typically because of 15160: 15007: 14664: 14532: 12399: 12130: 11015: 10185: 9388:

Ingleses no Brasil: aspectos da influência britânica sobre a vida, a paisagem e a cultura do Brasil

9033:. Twelfth International Economic History Conference, Madrid, Spain, 28 August 1998 (Session C-31). 8478: 6614: 6582: 6402: 6370: 6292: 6260: 6170: 6138: 5037: 3851: 3752: 3655: 3512: 3262: 2839: 2122: 96: 11929: 9772: 8515: 8346:

Angelo Trento. Do outro lado do Atlântico: um século de imigração italiana no Brasil. Studio Nobel

6825: 3483:, Santa Catarina as well as in the states of Espírito Santo and Rio Grande do Sul where it enjoys 15902: 15711: 15509: 14909: 14737: 14695: 14456: 13462: 10454:"O PANORAMA LINGÜÍSTICO BRASILEIRO : A COEXISTÊNCIA DE LÍNGUAS MINORITÁRIAS COM O PORTUGUÊS" 9329: 9059: 8359:

Saudades d'Além-Mar: A revista 'Lusitania' e a imigração portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro (1929-1934)

7824: 5703: 4642: 4565:, one of the world's wealthiest companies, and most powerful social media platforms, was born in 4531: 4316: 4269: 4130: 3581: 3472: 2950: 2934: 2906: 2491:

quickly supplanted the languages of the immigrants, facilitating their process of acculturation.

1372: 406: 308: 255: 14395: 11441: 11143: 10512:

Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson: Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1996

9950:[Rio de Janeiro of the First Republic and Portuguese immigration: historical overview]. 9857: 9716: 4246: 4237: 2807: 15595: 15503: 15364: 15264: 15205: 15035: 14759: 11778:

Klein, Marian van der; Plant, Rebecca Jo; Sanders, Nichole; Weintrob, Lori R. (30 April 2012).

8545:[From slavery to immigration: the transition from slave to free wage labor in Brazil]. 7091: 7083: 6706: 5542: 5311: 5199: 5130: 5118: 4997: 4973: 4948: 4614:

drivers of the modern era and is considered by many as the greatest racing driver of all time.

4586: 4492: 4201: 4188: 4122: 3933: 3878: 3712: 3577: 3558: 3550: 3488: 3421: 3183: 2922: 2463: 1850: 1812: 1636: 553: 369: 357: 244: 195: 190: 161: 156: 14899: 13484: 13281: 12040:"Censo Demográfi co 2010 Características da população e dos domicílios Resultados do universo" 11779: 10453: 8069: 2145:

Immigration to Brazil, by nationality, decenal periods from 1884–1893, 1924-1933 and 1945-1949

1288:

The 1960 census adopted a similar system, again explicitly including Amerindians as "pardos".

352:

According to the 2022 Census, the states with the highest percentage of white Brazilians are:

15819: 15414: 15170: 15086: 15050: 15045: 14950: 14904: 14747: 14567: 10237:"São Paulo capital, uma cidade italiana e os misteres profissionais dos imigrantes italianos" 10041: 9906: 8889: 8003: 6726: 6721: 4002: 3523: 3254: 3136: 2067: 1902: 1822:

Before the 19th century, the French invaded twice, establishing brief and minor settlements (

1575: 319: 71: 11958:

descendentes e os asiáticos – japoneses, chineses, coreanos, libaneses, sírios, entre outros

11365: 9491:"Os imigrantes teutônicos no Brasil- alemães, austríacos, luxemburgueses, pomeranos e volga" 4335: 4149: 4058: 4007: 3967: 3257:, in conditions that made it possible to buy them. Later, their destination were mostly the 2617: 1911: 1799: 431: 420: 15670: 15492: 15483: 15467: 15195: 14925: 14878: 14842: 14562: 14517: 14446: 14441: 14433: 14198: 13412: 11752: 7940: 7839: 7127: 6873: 6630: 6566: 6418: 6354: 6308: 6244: 6186: 6122: 5029: 4582: 4365:

region, Christians in the great majority. Lebanese and Syrians make up some of the largest

4320: 4303: 4082: 3770: 3636: 3250: 3168:

Between 1500 and 1808, it is estimated that 500,000 Portuguese went to live in Brazil; the

2938: 2803: 2553: 2503: 2113: 2031: 380:(42.06%). São Paulo has the largest population in absolute numbers with 25 million whites. 92: 13604:"Color, Race, and Genomic Ancestry in Brazil: Dialogues between Anthropology and Genetics" 13143: 12102: 10016: 9277: 8857:""Die kann nun nich', die is' beim treppenputzen!" O PROGRESSIVO NO ALEMÃO DE POMERODE–SC" 7300:"Tabela 1.3.1 - População residente, por cor ou raça, segundo o sexo e os grupos de idade" 6805:

https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/94/cd_2010_religiao_deficiencia.pdf

5238: 5100: 4985: 4960: 3985:

Brazil was among the main destinations for Russian refugees during the 20th century. Some

3902: 3894: 3886: 3595:

In Rio Grande do Sul, the House of Representatives recognized Hunsrückisch as an official

3542: 3353: 3266: 3179: 3161: 2022:

arrived to settle in an inhospitable area near Rio de Janeiro that would later be renamed

1964: 1554: 365: 110: 105: 8: 15837: 15832: 15824: 15665: 15590: 15397: 15226: 15131: 14986: 14955: 14930: 14827: 14769: 14742: 14727: 14637: 14522: 14419: 14390: 14087:

Krieger, H; Morton, N E; Mi, M P; Azevedo, E; Freire-Maia, A; Yasuda, N (1965). "Study".

11471: 11257: 7639:[The participation of immigration in the formation of the Brazilian population]. 6488: 5795: 5791: 5654: 5454: 4943:

The Brazilian states with the highest percentages of whites are the three located in the

4578: 4223: 4170: 3720: 3387: 3076: 2970: 2894: 2882: 2738: 2730: 2538: 2488: 1890: 1738: 1706: 1647: 540: 303: 295: 240: 212: 13416: 13283:

ancestry of individuals classified as White in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil".

11781:

Maternalism Reconsidered: Motherhood, Welfare and Social Policy in the Twentieth Century

7944: 7843: 7174: 7131: 6922:

Pena, S.D.J.; Bastos-Rodrigues, L.; Pimenta, J.R.; Bydlowski, S.P. (11 September 2009).

6877: 4637:

the most successful Brazilian swimmer in history, having obtained three Olympic medals.

3277: 15809: 15804: 15580: 15258: 15200: 15180: 15062: 14982: 14976: 14960: 14940: 14873: 14622: 14527: 14424: 14112: 14100: 13962: 13913: 13869: 13781: 13756: 13631: 13514: 13399:

Parra, FC; Amado, RC; Lambertucci, JR; Rocha, J; Antunes, CM; Pena, SD (January 2003).

13308: 13238: 13225: 13198: 13130: 12749: 10540: 8798: 8321: 8296: 7963: 7928: 7862: 7827: 7802: 6894: 6861: 5833:

According to an autosomal DNA genetic study from 2011, both "whites" and "pardos" from

5799: 5172: 4991: 4669: 4554: 4354: 4276: 4166: 3986: 3980: 3728: 3631:

came in significant numbers to Brazil after 1870. Most of them settled in the State of

3339: 3094: 2974: 2958: 2930: 2823: 2762: 2043: 2019: 1795: 1408: 557: 521: 399: 373: 13435: 13400: 12316: 11726: 11160: 10832:"From Nova Friburgo to Fribourg in writing: Swiss colonization seen by the immigrants" 9427: 8467:

VAINFAS, Ronaldo. Dicionário do Brasil Imperial. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2002, p 152

7150: 7115: 6651: 4573: 4053: 2765:. Together with São Paulo and Santa Catarina, RJ was one of the main destinations for 15874: 15814: 15779: 15660: 15570: 15451: 15391: 15210: 14997: 14847: 14837: 14752: 14649: 14451: 14104: 13954: 13905: 13861: 13786: 13682: 13623: 13577: 13518: 13506: 13440: 13343: 13300: 13230: 12873: 12848: 12555: 11785: 11706: 11604: 11500: 11070: 10733:"Uma história oculta: a imigração dos países da Europa do Centro-Leste para o Brasil" 9948:"O Rio de Janeiro da Primeira República e a imigração portuguesa: panorama histórico" 9914: 9392: 9353: 9296: 9031:"Research Professor, A.C. Van Raalte Institute, Hope College, Holland, Michigan, USA" 8895: 8586: 8363: 8326: 8009: 7968: 7867: 7794: 7732:"O papel da migração internacional na evolução da população brasileira (1872 a 1972)" 7155: 7095: 6945: 6899: 6711: 5811: 5776: 5763:

According to a genetic study about Brazilians (based upon about 200 samples), on the

5753: 5745: 5538: 5212: 5112: 4967: 4952: 4619: 4404: 4384: 4294:

on 27 December 1865. The settlement at Santa Bárbara D'Oeste is sometimes called the

4283: 4162: 4118: 3990: 3956: 3940: 3914: 3816: 3546: 3508: 3383: 3232: 3145: 2654: 2597: 2519: 2442: 2039: 2035: 1875: 1839: 1377: 1357: 548: 353: 127: 122: 14062: 14045: 13966: 13917: 13873: 13242: 10848: 10831: 8724: 8707: 8691: 8674: 7806: 7748: 7731: 7636: 6940: 6923: 5285: 5225: 5160: 5124: 5015: 4979: 4956: 4589:

is a well-known fashion designer in the Paris, London, New York and Tokyo circuits.

3830: 3800: 3775: 3647: 3632: 3621: 3570: 3554: 2851: 2835: 2798:

Sul were Venetian Italians where their dialect is still spoken and Germans from the

2496: 2030:

years (1872-1972) at least 5,350,889 immigrants came to Brazil, of whom 31.06% were

377: 361: 178: 173: 15753: 15461: 15446: 15293: 15269: 15252: 15247: 15067: 15002: 14992: 14935: 14852: 14832: 14596: 14581: 14251: 14216: 14116: 14096: 14067: 14057: 13944: 13897: 13851: 13843: 13776: 13768: 13674: 13635: 13615: 13496: 13430: 13420: 13335: 13312: 13292: 13220: 13210: 13138: 12369: 11155: 10843: 10810: 9265:

Wojciech Tyciński, Krzysztof Sawicki, Departament Współpracy z Polonią MSZ (2009).

9169: 8719: 8686: 8316: 8308: 7958: 7948: 7857: 7847: 7784: 7776: 7743: 7587:

RIBEIRO, Darcy. O Povo Brasileiro, Companhia de Bolso, fourth reprint, 2008 (2008).

7145: 7135: 6935: 6889: 6881: 6858: 6731: 6701: 6504: 5546: 5499: 4919: 4673: 4547: 4508: 4366: 4358: 4174: 3608: 3500: 3461: 3319: 3295: 3112: 3058: 3006: 2978: 2867: 2758: 2734: 2726: 2698: 2063: 2047: 601: 584: 13832: 13733: 12918: 12893: 12642: 11818: 11178:

and the third one is the resettlement of the Russians from China during the 1950s.

10297:]. Proceedings of the 2. Congresso Brasileiro de Hispanistas (in Portuguese). 10261: 9128:"Embaixada da Hungria no Brasil sobre as estatísticas de descendentes de húngaros" 8030: 6751: 5525: 4232: 3452:

is the second most spoken language in the country, after Portuguese. According to

3283:

Italians made up the main group of immigrants to Brazil in the late 19th century.

3068: 2969:

faced an immense crisis in the agricultural sector caused by the conflicts of the

2645: 1971:, however, at the end of the century, the southern presence grew, especially from 1967:. In the early days, immigrants from northern Italy predominated, especially from 15884: 15690: 15655: 15575: 15429: 15339: 15318: 15185: 15175: 15040: 14732: 14305: 14290: 13678: 13603: 13215: 12767:

is the first non-American to finish on top since the Swede Stefan Edberg in 1991.

11859: 11598: 11494: 11116: 11094: 10735:[A hidden story: immigration from Central European countries to Brazil]. 10558: 9386: 8522: 8141: 7953: 7852: 6811: 6520: 6472: 5803: 5787: 5550: 4944: 4915: 4685: 4626: 4603: 4558: 4468:. After the Dutch defeat, part of those Jews moved to North America, settling in 4417: 4348: 4308: 4134: 4104: 3837:

Dutch people first settled in Brazil during the 17th century, with the region of

3812: 3736: 3698: 3670: 3659: 3457: 3449: 3413: 3364: 3303: 3124: 2982: 2926: 2718: 2569: 2467: 2134: 2000: 1992: 1754: 1690: 1632: 1344: 589: 226: 13703:

O impacto das migrações na constituição genética de populações latino-americanas

13545:"Negros e pardos do Rio têm mais genes europeus do que imaginam, segundo estudo" 13260: 12583:"Have You Heard of Brazilian Country Music Phenomenon Michel Telo Yet? You Will" 12131:"Judeus em SC. Guia Bibliográfico Estudos sobre grupos étnicos no Sul do Brasil" 11648: 10319:

OLIVEIRA, Denisson de. Os soldados Alemães de Vargas, JURUA EDITORA, 2008 (2008)

10123:"Só o Brasil concedeu mais de 52 mil vistos de residência nos primeiros 6 meses" 9982: 9162:"The Situation of Hungarians Living outside the Carpathian Basin, by Cheflaszlo" 8172:"Nordestinos anusim de ascendência judaica podem tornar-se cidadãos israelenses" 7500: 4914:(whites) are found throughout Brazil, but their highest concentration is in the 4680:) and twelve doubles titles (five at Wimbledon, four at the US Open, two in the 3527: 3086: 2914: 2827: 2125:, allocated about 9% of its revenue to cover spending on promoting immigration. 2004: 2003:. They founded rural communities, which later became prosperous cities, such as 1923: 567:

The following are the results for the different Brazilian censuses, since 1872:

15869: 15721: 15685: 15640: 15562: 15541: 15323: 15308: 15242: 15155: 14237: 13701: 10815: 10798: 9798: 7695:

Viagem à província de São Paulo, fls. 69, Livraria Itatiaia Editora Ltda, 1976)

6885: 5583: 5264: 5049: 4650: 4615: 4496: 4441: 4425: 4421: 4291: 4126: 3686: 3682: 3650:, where the vast majority of the population descends from Western and Northern 3531: 3327: 3299: 3152: 2722: 2694: 1823: 1655: 1566: 1433: 1381: 455: 13195: 11310:"Hotel Cachoeira – Penedo, Lua de Mel, Pousada – Colônia Finlandesa do Penedo" 11223: 10483: 8265: 5815: 5567:

The Brazilian towns with the largest percentages of whites are the following:

5028:

The Brazilian states with the lowest percentages of whites are located in the

4634: 4115:

Könyves Free University is another organization to form the additional group.

2843: 15929: 15792: 15763: 15758: 15748: 13933:"Genomic ancestry of a sample population from the state of São Paulo, Brazil" 12489: 11573:"Britânicos radicados no Sudeste e Sul do Brasil durante os anos 1960 e 1970" 11339: 9820: 9769:"Base de dados de emigrantes açorianos para o Brasil nos séculos XVIII e XIX" 9357: 9238: 8266:"História genética dos gaúchos : dinâmica populacional do sul do Brasil" 8198: 8174:. Matéria jornalística em Diário do Nordeste, Fortaleza CE. 13 October 2005. 6693: 6679: 5577: 4662: 4638: 4592: 4484: 4469: 3758: 3708: 3628: 3516: 3104: 2878: 2859: 2815: 2650: 2523: 2479: 2023: 1928: 1879: 1835: 1582:

Color / race in Brazil, after Portuguese colonization (Amerindians excluded)

1412: 1411:

prohibited women from leaving Brazil, with some exceptions. In order to curb

451: 447: 443: 232: 46: 13886: 13425: 13339: 12894:"Tabela 9605: População residente, por cor ou raça, nos Censos Demográficos" 7140: 6752:"Tabela 9605: População residente, por cor ou raça, nos Censos Demográficos" 3799:

came to Brazil between 1895 and 1897, settling mostly in the countryside of

2133:. The conditions were so harsh that, in 1902, the Italian government issued 15854: 15768: 15645: 15625: 15555: 15109: 14401: 13958: 13909: 13865: 13790: 13754: 13686: 13627: 13510: 13444: 13304: 13234: 12159:. praiadexangrila.com.br and izidoroazevedo.blogspot.com.br. Archived from 11279: 9030: 8330: 7972: 7871: 7798: 7206: 7159: 6949: 6903: 5852: 5822: 5768: 5757: 5749: 5350: 5298: 5106: 5003: 4607: 4449: 4299: 4227: 4108: 4070: 3859: 3724: 3678: 3562: 3504: 3270: 3187: 3172:

estimated the number of Portuguese settlers at 700,000, from 1500 to 1760.

2937:

founded by Austrian Baron von Schneeburg bringing German families from the

2714: 1886: 1831: 1816: 1791: 1365: 1348: 1304: 525: 410: 144: 139: 14108: 13347: 12317:"MEMÓRIAS, CONTRIBUIÇÕES E PERMANÊNCIAS DA COLÔNIA GREGA EM FLORIANÓPOLIS" 12104:

Produção de sentidos e a construção da identidade judaica em Florianópolis

11930:"Caracteristicas Etnico-raciais da Populacao Classificacoes e identidades" 7828:"Revisiting the Genetic Ancestry of Brazilians Using Autosomal AIM-Indels" 7316: 6826:"Caracteristicas Etnico-raciais da Populacao Classificacoes e identidades" 6003:

Genomic ancestry of non-related individuals in Rio de Janeiro Sérgio Pena

4553:

The most successful Brazilian entrepreneurs have historically been white.

4527: 4409: 4340: 4262: 4205: 4197: 4154: 4063: 4012: 3972: 2873: 2601: 1932: 1916: 1808: 436: 284: 15879: 15741: 15650: 15150: 13856: 13663: 12429: 10418: 8824:"OS CENSOS LINGÜÍSTICOS E as Políticas Lingüísticas no Brasil Meridional" 8204:. Florianópolis: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. pp. 31–32. 7789: 5389: 5166: 4681: 4649:

is the most successful volleyball team in the world and is mostly white (

4611: 4273: 4210: 4019: 3882: 3863: 3732: 3438: 3141: 2946: 2863: 2074: 15282: 14258: 14043: 10544: 6780:"Tabela 6408 - População residente, por sexo e cor ou raça (Vide Notas)" 6779: 5675: 5636: 5601: 5402: 5045: 3867: 3654:

settlers who arrived in Brazil in the 1890s (mostly Poles who came from

2855: 2799: 2109:

to populate inhospitable areas of Brazil, mostly the Southern provinces;

1827: 15842: 15726: 15607: 15535: 14311: 14187: 14072: 13949: 13932: 13901: 13847: 13501: 13296: 11649:"Visits to the U.S. by Foreign Heads of State and Government—1874–1939" 10388: 10266: 8481:[Immigration and rights in the northwest region of São Paulo]. 7780: 7234:"Número de brasileiros que se declaram pretos cresce no país, diz IBGE" 5648: 5337: 5136: 4092: 3838: 3796: 3780: 3723:, then resident in Rio de Janeiro, authorized the entry into Brazil of 3566: 3535: 3520: 3476: 3453: 3291: 3237: 2770: 2742: 2702: 2089: 2054: 2053:

Brazilian scientific thought at the time, which was strongly marked by

1340: 1335: 1321: 533: 454:

in general, this conception does not exist. A 2000 survey conducted in

236: 14203: 8642:"Memória da campanha de nacionalização nas regiões de imigração alemã" 8031:"Histórias e lendas de santos: os imigrantes: A colônia judaica (1)", 5589: 5363: 3890: 15799: 15716: 15530: 15190: 14407: 10043:

Do outro lado do Atlântico: um século de imigração italiana no Brasil

5935: 5834: 5036:

influence in the population's racial composition, and in part of the

4566: 4389: 4258: 4192: 4100: 3846: 3821: 3360: 3349: 3196: 2779: 2754: 2750: 2721:

in Poland, Romania, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Lithuania, Russia and

2706: 2078: 2008: 1988: 1651: 1642: 14277: 11496:

Futebol Brasil memória: de Oscar Cox a Leônidas da Silva (1897–1937)

11218: 11216: 6921: 5842: 4931: 4622:, the world's best football player of the late 1970s and early 80s. 3874: 2454: 1867: 1856: 15498: 14231: 13772: 13619: 8399:

Marília Dalva Klaumann Cánovas. Imigrantes espanhóis na Pauliceia.

8312: 8295:

Carvalho-Silva, DR; Santos, FR; Rocha, J; Pena, SD (January 2001).

7925: 5772: 5764: 5571: 4562: 4445: 4393: 4324: 4250: 4074: 4054:

Nationalities of Uralic languages (Finns, Hungarians and Estonians)

4024: 3921: 3898: 3855: 3788: 3666: 3640: 3480: 3417: 3397: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3246: 3216: 3199:

of the city. Others survived as small street traders, selling from

3050: 3040: 2910: 2710: 2686: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2459: 2447: 2012: 1976: 1972: 1944: 1400: 1236:

The 1900, 1920, and 1970 censuses did not count people for "race".

594: 463:

Self-reported ancestry of whites from Rio de Janeiro (2000 survey)

414: 326: 263: 11852:

Municípios paranaenses : origens e significados de seus nomes

10797:

Delong, Silvia Regina; Kersch, Dorotea Frank (17 September 2014).

9381: 9379: 8887: 8136: 8134: 8132: 5838: 5428: 5376: 5251: 5154: 5142: 5056: 5021: 4606:, some of the most successful Brazilian athletes have been white. 1351:

state. The town has preserved its colonial appearance to this day.

15736: 14317: 14267: 14224: 11213: 11109: 7637:"A participação da imigração na formação da população brasileira" 7088:

Race in Another America: the significance of skin color in Brazil

5642: 5627:(Sergipe): 0.71% White (23,817 inhabitants, 98.16% "Multiracial") 5613: 5557: 5510: 5503: 5415: 5324: 5062: 4543: 4438: 4287: 4236:

U.S. Confederate immigrants Joseph Whitaker and Isabel Norris in

3674: 3429: 3323: 3148:

kids waiting for a ship to leave for Brazil (early 20th century).

2918: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2682: 2674: 2082: 2058: 1844: 1521: 1404: 1393: 517: 338: 275: 267: 14209: 12234: 11862:. Curitiba : Secretaria de Estado da Cultura, 2006; p. 229. 11634: 11632: 9054: 9052: 7892:. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 2010. 5678:): 3.30% (5,547 inhabitants, 69.08% "Multiracial", 24.97% Black) 5671:): 3.15% (16,622 inhabitants, 59.62% "brown", 34.75% Amerindian) 5441: 5074: 4585:

and 'PINK' model. Earning an estimated $ 6.6 million per annum.

4031: 3703: 3253:. In the late 19th century, the Brazilian State offered land to 2929:, wife and comrade-in-arms of Italian Unification revolutionary 1885:

Another genetic study found possible relics of the 17th-century

15731: 15078: 14168: 12617:"Alonso, Massa, Schumacher say Senna is "greatest" on Top Gear" 12590: 11970: 10873:"Regiões de origem dos imigrantes falantes de dialetos alemães" 9617: 9615: 9613: 9611: 9376: 8129: 6212:), the African contribution at 41% and the Native American 7%. 4936: 4539: 4461: 4457: 4434: 4397: 4362: 3784: 3617: 3585: 3287: 3258: 3002: 2998: 2986: 2962: 2766: 2690: 2662: 2147:

Source: Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE)

2094: 1968: 1871: 1561: 1389: 571:

Brazilian Population, by Race, from 1872 to 2022 (Census Data)

425: 342: 312: 12452: 10929:"Como Portugal comprou o Nordeste dos holandeses por R$ 3 bi" 10755: 4290:

who left the U.S. with 30 Confederate families and arrived in

4261:, Eldorado (former Xiririca) as well as moving to the capital 3404: 15548: 14244: 12616: 12290:"A Imigração Grega no Brasil pode ser dividida em três fases" 12072:"Tabela 2094: População residente por cor ou raça e religião" 11629: 11547:"ROSSI, Jones (2014) Guia Politicamente Incorreto do Futebol" 11521:"ROSSI, Jones (2014) Guia Politicamente Incorreto do Futebol" 10862:"De L'Etat à la nation 1839–1989" Imprimeries St. Paul p. 145 10762:

da Costa, Luciane Trennephol; Gielinski, Márcia Inês (2014).

10615: 10333:"Germans and Italians in the highlands of Brazil's far south" 9049: 8294: 5545:. All these towns are settled predominantly by Brazilians of 5480: 5148: 5068: 5041: 4535: 4138: 4096: 3651: 3442: 3200: 3191: 2966: 2774: 2138: 1785: 1325: 1309: 529: 334: 330: 271: 12133:. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. 24 April 2014. 9913:(1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–51. 9608: 9093: 9091: 9089: 9087: 9085: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8056: 7890:

Tabela 2094 - População residente por cor ou raça e religião

6847:

descendentes e os asiáticos libaneses, sírios, entre outros

5645:(Amazonas): 2.35% (17,258 inhabitants, 80.46% "Multiracial") 2893:

Santa Catarina where over 50% of the population has German,

2093:

European immigrants (mostly kids and barefoot) working in a

1544: 394: 383: 13482: 11937: 11575:. Michael A. Jacobs, Como Não Aprender Inglês, página 250. 9315: 8955: 8610:"O Talian entre o italiano-padrão e o português brasileiro" 8583:

Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina

8101: 8099: 8097: 8095: 6833: 5651:(Amazonas): 2.97% (9,996 inhabitants, 81.68% "Multiracial") 4654: 4550:

and none declared as blacks or yellow (ethnic East Asian).

4204:, who had started the process of disseminating football in 4077:, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, had Finnish colonization. 3371: 3208: 3204: 3013:

Some southern Brazilian towns with a notable main ancestry

2913:

and Southern Austro-Bavarian by the Tyrolean population in

2838:, a 19th-century settlement founded by Poles from Austrian 2066:

ideology that permeated the Brazilian social and political

1361: 1356:

beginning of the 18th centuries, due to the retreat of the

13930: 13398: 13358: 13356: 9548:"Regiões de origem e de destino dos imigrantes teutônicos" 9458:"Regiões de origem e de destino dos imigrantes teutônicos" 9225: 9223: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9215: 9213: 8710:[Assimilation of immigrants as a national issue]. 7567:

Escravos e Libertos no Brasil Colonial. A.J.R RUSSEL-WOOD.

7199: 2822:. German immigrants first arrived in 1824 settling in the 2616:

European immigrants working in a coffee plantation in the

13325: 13189: 11777: 11470:(in Portuguese). Fluminense Football Club. Archived from 11083: 9082: 8053: 8008:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 18–20. 6092:

likely to be leaning slightly towards the ‘'pardo'’ group

4200:, with his select team, to play against the squad led by 1450:

Portrait of Francisca "Chiquinha" in Rio de Janeiro, 1891

1308:

The First Mass in Brazil, held by Portuguese settlers in

13572: 13570: 9795:"Nova Veneza - A cidade de Nova Veneza - Santa Catarina" 8092: 5633:(Piauí): 2.25% (3,523 inhabitants, 96.90% "Multiracial") 3576:

The most influenced state by the German immigration was

1343:, one of the main Portuguese settlements founded during 368:(57.8%). Other states with significant percentages are: 13807:(in Portuguese). Cienciahoje.uol.com.br. Archived from 13353: 10766:[Phonetic details of Polish spoken in Mallet]. 9210: 8297:"The Phylogeography of Brazilian Y-Chromosome Lineages" 7503:[500 years of Brazilian demography: a review]. 5639:(Roraima): 2.33% (6,430 inhabitants, 74.41% Amerindian) 1364:

and the discoveries of gold in the Brazilian region of

14086: 10359:"Olivet Second Most Spoken Languages Around the World" 10211:"TICON – TICOM – Breve História da Imigração Italiana" 9904: 9428:"Brazil – International Religious Freedom Report 2009" 8028: 7601:"FACT AND MYTH:DISCOVERING A RACIAL PROBLEM IN BRAZIL" 7264:. Götz Kaufmann. p. 204 – via Google Books. 3541:

The vast majority of Germans settled in the states of

2949:

founded in 1875, similarly received subjects from the

2057:, adopted "scientific theses" of social Darwinism and 13601: 13567: 13131:"COLONIZAÇÃO, IMIGRAÇÃO E A QUESTÃO RACIAL NO BRASIL" 8001: 12034: 12032: 12030: 11755:. Texas State Historical Association. 15 June 2010. 9952:

Revista do Arquivo Geral da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro

9743:"Joinville e Orleans, imigração para Santa Catarina" 9192:"Judeus no Brasil. Vida social, política e cultural" 8708:"A assimilação dos imigrantes como questão nacional" 8413:"German Immigration and Adaptation to Latin America" 7445:"Presença portuguesa: de colonizadores a imigrantes" 6928:

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

6924:"DNA tests probe the genomic ancestry of Brazilians" 6669: 4319:, first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court; 3989:

were of Russian descent, belonging to the country's

3833:. Dutch windmills are found in Paraná and São Paulo. 11998: 11996: 11994: 11992: 11873:"Arab roots grow deep in Brazil's rich melting pot" 10448: 10446: 10444: 10411: 7333:. In Cadernos de Pesquisa 63, November 1987. p. 14. 6995: 5661:): 3.01% (37,595 inhabitants, 86.46% "Multiracial") 5574:(Rio Grande do Sul): 100% White (1,615 inhabitants) 4433:and the second inrush between the 1930s and 1950s. 3996: 2649:German students and teachers in a German school in 13362: 12995: 12872:(2nd ed.). : New Chapter Press. p. 555. 12460:"Fortuna de Xuxa avaliada em 292 milhões de euros" 11183: 9854:"Guia Catarinense - Município de Treze Tílias, SC" 8479:"Imigração e direitos na região noroeste paulista" 7341: 7339: 7081: 6774: 6772: 3854:are still spoken in São Paulo (state), especially 3806: 1635:of slaves in Brazil was very low. In the words of 552:which tried to avoid miscegenation, even imposing 12691:"Medal Finder - Olympics at Sports-Reference.com" 12669:"Medal Finder - Olympics at Sports-Reference.com" 12157:"Jacques Schweidson – A saga judaica no Desterro" 12027: 11963: 11091:"Scandinavian Association Rio de Janeiro – Start" 10761: 10286: 10125:. Hey bro Graciano Coutinho OPovo. Archived from 9237:. Editora Globo S.A. 24 June 2002. Archived from 8677:[The cultural dimension of immigration]. 7382: 5802:genes, and that this would also be the case with 4416:Brazil is also home to one of the top 10 largest 3646:Polish can still be heard in small towns such as 318:The main ancestry of current white Brazilians is 91:Entire country; highest percentages found in the 15927: 13659: 13657: 13537: 13478: 13476: 13474: 13472: 13171:"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA" 13003:"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA" 12977:"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática – SIDRA" 12209:"10 Most Jewish-Friendly Countries in the World" 11989: 11705:. Texas A & M University Press. p. 44. 10764:"Detalhes fonéticos do Polonês falado em Mallet" 10441: 9821:"Pomerode apresenta nova marca - BrasilAlemanha" 9025: 9023: 9021: 8005:The Dutch in the Atlantic slave trade, 1600–1815 7886:"Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática - SIDRA" 7501:"500 anos de demografia brasileira: uma resenha" 4935:Brazilian states according to the percentage of 4327:, dubbed "the mother of Brazilian rock'n'roll". 4129:settlement to be established in Brazil. Finnish 3511:from the former Soviet Union (since the 1930s), 3294:, today around 4 million people still speak the 3286:The largest group of Italian settlers came from 14025:Santos, S E B; Guerreiro, J F (1995). "Study". 14024: 13828: 13826: 13405:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10694: 10255: 10213:. Familias CECCON. 23 June 2006. Archived from 9580: 9578: 8931:"Províncias de origem dos imigrantes italianos" 8881: 8196: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7913: 7911: 7820: 7818: 7816: 7336: 7331:A classificação de "cor" nas pesquisas do IBGE. 7120:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 6769: 5616:(Rio Grande do Sul): 99.62% (1,775 inhabitants) 5598:(Rio Grande do Sul): 99.69% (1,604 inhabitants) 5592:(Rio Grande do Sul): 99.77% (2,751 inhabitants) 3170:Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics 252:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 13394: 13392: 11603:. Michael A. Jacobs, Como Não Ensinar Inglês. 10149:"Imigração aumenta 50 por cento em seis meses" 9693:. Representação Central Ucraniano-Brasileira. 9685: 9683: 9652: 9650: 9648: 9344: 9342: 7987:Histoire du Brésil français au seizième siècle 7347:A classificação de "cor" nas pesquisas do IBGE 4373: 4144: 4048:"Lietuviais esame gimę, lietuviais turime būt" 3479:land, and the dialect is especially spoken in 51:White Brazilians (alone/one race only) in 2022 15094: 14142: 13654: 13469: 13365:"Do pensamento racial ao pensamento racional" 12745:"Tennis; A Victorious Kuerten Clinches No. 1" 11927: 11825:The education of children in Revista Infância 11135: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9485: 9483: 9481: 9479: 9122: 9120: 9099:"Regiões de destino dos imigrantes italianos" 9018: 9000:"Principais levas de imigração para o Brasil" 8888:Samuel L. Baily; Eduardo José Míguez (2003). 7761: 7759: 7022: 6823: 4684:, including a mixed doubles, and once at the 4514:WW2, with most Greeks settling in São Paulo. 4087:Category:Brazilian people of Estonian descent 2437: 13823: 13124: 13122: 11903:"Origem e destino dos imigrantes do Levante" 10796: 10790: 10583: 10533:Zeitschrift für Dialektologie und Linguistik 10530: 9575: 9301:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 9272:. Warsaw: Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych ( 8395: 8393: 8391: 7908: 7813: 7725: 7723: 7721: 7595: 7593: 7193: 5610:(Santa Catarina): 99.64% (3,221 inhabitants) 5604:(Santa Catarina): 99.67% (1,740 inhabitants) 5586:(Santa Catarina): 99.81% (4,849 inhabitants) 5580:(Santa Catarina): 99.82% (3,348 inhabitants) 4217: 3396:Students and teachers at a German school in 2953:because Italian-speaking Tyroleans known as 1896: 13389: 12368:Fernández, Francisco Lizcano (1 May 2005). 11928:Petruccelli, Jose Luis; Saboia, Ana Lucia. 11460: 11141: 10381: 10351: 9787: 9771:. Observatório da Emigração. Archived from 9680: 9645: 9339: 8784: 7997: 7995: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7703: 7701: 7630: 7628: 7563: 7561: 7559: 6824:Petruccelli, Jose Luis; Saboia, Ana Lucia. 4610:was among the most dominant and successful 4311:nationals became residents in the country. 4282:The first Confederado recorded was Colonel 2881:. "The Brazilian nation to the immigrant" ( 2143: 2070:during the first half of the 20th century. 15101: 15087: 14149: 14135: 13880: 13757:"The Ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA Lineages" 13401:"Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians" 12847:. London: Allen & Unwin. p. 213. 12836: 12548: 11820:A educação de crianças na Revista Infância 9987:Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 9586:"Federação Israelita do Rio Grande do Sul" 9535: 9476: 9117: 8862:. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA. 7756: 7641:Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 7505:Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 7116:"Color and genomic ancestry in Brazilians" 2989:to settle in Brazil, and a few towns like 2634:Italian immigrants arriving in São Paulo ( 2097:plantation in Brazil (early 20th century). 1842:, a region part of the ecosystem known as 1786:Non-Portuguese presence in colonial Brazil 1671:Genetic ancestry of Brazilians, by region 1299: 524:, similar to that of the United States or 45: 14071: 14061: 13948: 13855: 13780: 13700:Godinho, Neide Maria de Oliveira (2008). 13500: 13434: 13424: 13328:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 13224: 13214: 13142: 13119: 12842: 12643:"Murray Walker lists Senna as number one" 12374:Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales 12367: 11486: 11159: 10957:. Histedbr.fae.unicamp.br. Archived from 10847: 10814: 10327: 10325: 10313: 9391:. Gilberto Freyre Editora Topbook. 2000. 8894:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. xiv. 8854: 8723: 8690: 8604: 8602: 8388: 8342: 8340: 8320: 7962: 7952: 7861: 7851: 7788: 7747: 7730:Levy, Maria Stella Ferreira (June 1974). 7590: 7149: 7139: 7077: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7065: 7063: 7061: 6939: 6893: 5709:Please consider summarizing the material. 4643:Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 4396:, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, located in 3927: 3639:and ethnic Poles immigrated with Russian 3475:can be found in Brazil than its original 2862:that outnumbered the initial and primary 2584:Passport of a Portuguese immigrant, 1927. 1545:The impact of the Portuguese colonization 560:and identity valorisation being factors. 13667:Forensic Science International: Genetics 13128: 12861: 12736: 12711: 12100: 11492: 10829: 9945: 9422: 9420: 9155: 9153: 8994: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8986: 8984: 8982: 8925: 8923: 8705: 8672: 8576: 8574: 8572: 8355: 7992: 7979: 7698: 7625: 7583: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7556: 7413: 7411: 6852: 5520: 5509: 5498: 4930: 4906: 4403: 4383: 4334: 4231: 4148: 4069: 4057: 4006: 3966: 3820: 3774: 3702: 3612: 3403: 3391: 3377: 3236: 3151: 3140: 2872: 2644: 2629: 2453: 2441: 2088: 1950: 1938: 1922: 1910: 1807: 1641: 1560: 1548: 1520:White man delivering a love letter to a 1334: 1303: 430: 419: 405: 393: 283: 14005: 13699: 13363:Sergio Danilo Pena (17 November 2009). 12867: 12743:Clarey, Christopher (4 December 2000). 12314: 11549:. livraria.folha.com.br. Archived from 10646:"Top 10 Oktoberfest's around the world" 7090:, Princeton University Press, pp. 6998:"SOBRENOMES E ANCESTRALIDADE NO BRASIL" 6917: 6915: 6913: 4408:Beth El Synagogue, located in downtown 3464:encompass assorted dialects, including 3241:Italians going to Brazil by ship (1910) 2112:to replace African manpower, since the 14: 15928: 13761:The American Journal of Human Genetics 13730:"Profile of the Brazilian blood donor" 13163: 13087: 13055: 13025: 13013:from the original on 24 September 2015 12983:from the original on 24 September 2015 12742: 12315:Guarise, Katcipia (18 December 2014). 11971:"Censo Demográfico Brasileiro de 2000" 11831:from the original on 29 September 2021 11700: 11075:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 10743:from the original on 29 September 2021 10664: 10638: 10608: 10577: 10551: 10524: 10322: 10290:Os periódicos dos imigrantes espanhóis 10077:from the original on 26 September 2009 9260: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9159: 8891:Mass Migration to Modern Latin America 8679:Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 8599: 8580: 8557:from the original on 29 September 2021 8541:Santos, Cleyton Rodrigues dos (2003). 8540: 8337: 8211:from the original on 24 September 2015 7634: 7515:from the original on 29 September 2021 7181:from the original on 24 September 2022 7058: 6996:Leonardo Monasterio (September 2016). 6991: 6989: 4464:on the site praising it as one of the 3908: 3757:An estimated 80,000 Brazilians are of 2897:and Luxembourgish ancestry (the local 15082: 14130: 13710:from the original on 12 November 2020 13144:10.11606/issn.2316-9036.v0i53p117-149 13043:from the original on 23 February 2021 12563:from the original on 26 December 2014 12183:"Identidade Judaica em Florianópolis" 12052:from the original on 13 November 2012 11816: 11745: 10935:from the original on 16 February 2021 10730: 10626:from the original on 20 November 2015 10616:"Fundação Cultural Suábio-Brasileira" 10515: 9980: 9911:Racial subordination in Latin America 9417: 9274:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland 9150: 8979: 8920: 8848: 8797:. Ibero-americana.net. Archived from 8569: 8534: 8476: 8470: 8246:from the original on 24 February 2012 8117:from the original on 28 December 2016 8080:from the original on 5 September 2015 7896:from the original on 15 February 2016 7570: 7498: 7408: 7214:from the original on 17 November 2020 7113: 5278:Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro 4647:Brazil men's national volleyball team 4141:, are still present and can be seen. 3599:of historical value to be preserved. 3592:married between 20 and 24 years old. 3561:. Less than 5% of Germans settled in 3468:spoken by over 3 million Brazilians. 2943:Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion 516:At the end of the 19th century, when 302: 15908: 13732:. Amigodoador.com.br. Archived from 13642:from the original on 4 February 2021 13595: 13525:from the original on 20 October 2020 12649:from the original on 17 October 2015 12440:from the original on 30 January 2016 12244:from the original on 13 October 2018 11977:from the original on 22 October 2009 11673: 11234:from the original on 17 January 2021 10836:História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos 10539:(3). Franz Steiner Verlag: 257–306. 10464:from the original on 11 October 2016 9997:from the original on 6 December 2020 9962:from the original on 7 December 2020 9723:from the original on 8 November 2016 9633:from the original on 16 January 2014 9316:Marília D. Klaumann Cánovas (2004). 9070:from the original on 4 November 2013 8956:Marília D. Klaumann Cánovas (2004). 8816: 8622:from the original on 1 February 2014 8493:from the original on 26 January 2021 8276:from the original on 16 January 2014 8178:from the original on 12 October 2016 8070:"Brazil Virtual Jewish History Tour" 7729: 7635:Júnior, Judicael Clevelario (1997). 7535:"Imigração de transição (1701-1850)" 7451:from the original on 25 January 2019 7010:from the original on 26 October 2019 6910: 5825:city, Southern Brazil, and 760 from 5686: 5553:descent and are usually very small. 4629:, the only Brazilians tennis player 4302:cultural sub-group, the way how the 3460:is spoken by 1.5 million people and 1268:"moreno", "mulato", "caboclo", etc. 86:Regions with significant populations 15586:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness 13173:. Sidra.ibge.gov.br. Archived from 13100:. 15 September 2010. Archived from 12925:from the original on 10 August 2017 12788:Association of Tennis Professionals 12757:from the original on 16 August 2017 12597:from the original on 26 August 2013 12500:from the original on 9 October 2014 12296:from the original on 6 October 2016 12185:. estudosjudaicos.blogspot.com.br. 11759:from the original on 6 January 2014 11727:"Edwin S. James research materials" 11719: 11678:. São Paulo, Brasil: Sleuthsayers. 10731:Decol, René D. (24 February 2016). 10561:. Jungegemeinde.de. 18 March 2007. 10494:from the original on 16 August 2017 9281:(PDF file, direct download 1.44 MB) 9245: 8937:from the original on 31 August 2016 8516:Constitución de la Nación Argentina 8419:from the original on 12 August 2020 8221:Ávila cites Manuel Diégues Júnior, 7677:from the original on 15 August 2020 7651:from the original on 21 August 2020 7541:from the original on 24 August 2016 7477:from the original on 24 August 2016 6986: 6974:from the original on 11 August 2020 5934:Genomic ancestry of individuals in 5851:Genomic ancestry of individuals in 5682: 5532: 5495:Excludes states created after 1940. 5096:States with high absolute numbers: 4572:Whites dominate Brazilian fashion. 3715:'s mountain range during the 1820s. 3530:, Santa Catarina (since 1933), and 3005:, became part of the newly created 2502:Even with the repression of Vargas 2458:German architecture in the city of 249:Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church 24: 14101:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1965.tb00507.x 12824:from the original on 24 March 2016 12270:from the original on 13 March 2010 12111:from the original on 23 April 2023 12082:from the original on 23 March 2015 12015:from the original on 19 April 2016 12002: 11883:from the original on 23 April 2023 11798:from the original on 23 April 2023 11703:The Lost Colony of the Confederacy 11682:from the original on 23 April 2023 11617:from the original on 23 April 2023 11579:from the original on 21 April 2016 11448:from the original on 20 April 2016 11442:"Ingleses no Brasil do século XIX" 11422:from the original on 24 April 2016 11396:from the original on 22 April 2016 11336:"Migration from Finland 1866–1970" 11290:from the original on 6 August 2019 11224:"Lithuanian descendants in Brazil" 11117:"Câmara de Comércio Brasil-Rússia" 10879:from the original on 26 April 2016 10778:from the original on 13 April 2021 10712:from the original on 30 March 2019 10682:from the original on 30 March 2019 10596:from the original on 21 April 2015 10301:from the original on 4 August 2020 10243:from the original on 14 March 2016 10159:from the original on 23 April 2016 9880:":: Site Oficial de Dom Feliciano" 9749:from the original on 22 March 2016 9554:from the original on 26 April 2016 9464:from the original on 26 April 2016 9405:from the original on 23 April 2023 9364:from the original on 23 April 2016 9105:from the original on 14 March 2016 9037:from the original on 24 March 2016 8908:from the original on 23 April 2023 8675:"A dimensão cultural da imigração" 8673:Seyferth, Giralda (October 2011). 8449:from the original on 25 April 2015 8439:"A Colônia Suíça de Nova Friburgo" 8376:from the original on 23 April 2023 7613:from the original on 21 March 2020 7421:. 24 February 2013. Archived from 3186:. The immigrants opted mostly for 2556:immigrant in Rio de Janeiro, 1895. 1870:. A genetic research conducted by 1565:Portuguese immigrants arriving in 520:ideas arrived in Brazil, a severe 81:43.46% of the Brazilian population 25: 15952: 13937:American Journal of Human Biology 13890:American Journal of Human Biology 13836:American Journal of Human Biology 13489:American Journal of Human Biology 13285:American Journal of Human Biology 12870:The Bud Collins History of Tennis 12780:"2000 ATP Tour Year End Rankings" 12530:from the original on 18 July 2014 12410:from the original on 4 March 2016 12137:from the original on 25 June 2016 11948:from the original on 10 June 2016 11909:from the original on 3 March 2016 11817:Moura, Marina de (2 April 2015). 11733:from the original on 30 July 2014 11674:Gage, Leighton (8 January 2012). 11655:from the original on 4 March 2016 11527:from the original on 4 March 2016 11168:from the original on 6 March 2022 11161:10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-3-54-73 11022:from the original on 16 July 2011 10830:Sanglard, Gisele (1 April 2003). 10768:Revista (Con) Textos Linguísticos 10652:from the original on 11 July 2017 10648:. Skyscanner. 19 September 2011. 10565:from the original on 3 March 2016 10369:from the original on 29 July 2018 10287:Corbacho Quintela, Antón (2002). 9523:from the original on 3 March 2016 9517:"Origem e destino dos imigrantes" 9497:from the original on 7 March 2016 9276:). pp. 1–466. Archived from 9006:from the original on 2 April 2016 8869:from the original on 28 June 2021 8654:from the original on 28 June 2021 8142:"The Dutch colonialism in Brazil" 7769:American Journal of Human Biology 7405:. Série Nacional, Vol. I, p. XIII 6786:from the original on 9 April 2021 5767:side, 98% of the white Brazilian 4517: 2995:Third Italian War of Independence 1492:Unknown young Brazilian man, 1850 15907: 15860:White genocide conspiracy theory 15166:Democratic Republic of the Congo 15108: 14158: 14080: 14037: 14018: 13999: 13973: 13924: 13797: 13748: 13722: 13693: 13451: 13319: 13275: 13259:. 29 August 2007. Archived from 13249: 13151:from the original on 29 May 2020 13075:from the original on 6 July 2011 12969: 12937: 12911: 12886: 12806: 12772: 12705: 12695:Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 12683: 12673:Olympics at Sports-Reference.com 12661: 12635: 12623:from the original on 7 July 2015 12609: 12575: 12542: 12512: 12482: 12470:from the original on 16 May 2015 12422: 12392: 12380:from the original on 1 June 2020 12361: 12335: 12323:from the original on 27 May 2020 12308: 12282: 12256: 12227: 12201: 12189:from the original on 1 July 2016 12175: 12149: 12123: 12094: 12064: 11921: 11895: 11865: 11843: 11827:] (Thesis) (in Portuguese). 11810: 11771: 11729:. University of South Carolina. 11694: 11667: 11591: 11565: 11539: 11513: 11434: 11408: 11380: 11354: 11328: 11302: 11280:"A Millenarian Migration: Varpa" 11272: 11254:"Brazilian Embassy in Stockholm" 11246: 11123:from the original on 25 May 2020 11037: 11008: 10999: 10973: 10947: 10921: 10891: 10865: 10856: 10823: 10724: 10586:"Schuhplattln auf Brasilianisch" 10506: 10476: 10429:from the original on 7 July 2015 10399:from the original on 1 July 2018 10339:from the original on 28 May 2020 10280: 10272: 10229: 10203: 10171: 10141: 10115: 10089: 10057: 10034: 10009: 9974: 9939: 9927:from the original on 27 May 2020 9898: 9872: 9846: 9835: 9813: 9719:. Universal_lexikon.deacademic. 9697:from the original on 13 May 2016 9438:from the original on 12 May 2019 9198:from the original on 31 May 2016 8746:from the original on 27 May 2020 8740:""Um processo cultural forçado"" 8706:Seyferth, Giralda (April 1997). 8356:Oliveira, Carla Mary S. (2013). 8041:from the original on 21 May 2009 7471:"Imigração restrita (1500-1700)" 7362:Diretoria Geral de Estatística. 7240:from the original on 14 May 2020 7200:Tom Phillips in Rio de Janeiro. 6686: 6672: 5728: 5691: 4890: 4889: 4872: 4871: 4854: 4853: 4836: 4835: 4818: 4817: 4800: 4799: 4782: 4781: 4764: 4763: 4746: 4745: 4727: 4430:Jewish populations by urban area 4137:and traditional customs such as 3997:Balts (Lithuanians and Latvians) 3746: 3689:are quite common in the region. 3306:. Veneto was followed mainly by 2609: 2589: 2577: 2561: 2546: 2531: 2512: 1538:Woman and man of colonial Brazil 1530: 1512: 1498: 1484: 1470: 1456: 1442: 1424: 495:European, African and Amerindian 304:[bɾaziˈle(j)ɾuzˈbɾɐ̃kus] 189: 172: 155: 138: 121: 104: 77: 76: 63: 62: 14063:10.1590/s1415-47571999000200003 13983:. 31 March 2012. Archived from 11849:Ferreira, João Carlos Vicente; 10849:10.1590/S0104-59702003000100006 10184:. 20 March 2009. Archived from 9946:Oliveira, Carla Mary S (2009). 9905:Tanya Katerí Hernández (2013). 9761: 9735: 9709: 9566: 9509: 9450: 9328:(in Portuguese). Archived from 9309: 9184: 9060:"Brazil – Modern-Day Community" 8968:(in Portuguese). Archived from 8949: 8758: 8732: 8725:10.1590/S0104-93131997000100004 8699: 8692:10.1590/S0102-69092011000300007 8666: 8634: 8505: 8461: 8431: 8405: 8349: 8288: 8258: 8228: 8190: 8164: 8152:from the original on 6 May 2017 8022: 7878: 7749:10.1590/S0034-89101974000500003 7689: 7663: 7527: 7492: 7463: 7437: 7395: 7369: 7356: 7323: 7309: 7292: 7268: 7252: 7226: 7167: 7107: 6941:10.1590/S0100-879X2009005000026 3807:Dutch (Netherlands) and Flemish 3207:, or working as dockers in the 3156:Portuguese immigrant couple in 2909:is still spoken in the town of 2887:A nação brasileira ao imigrante 2850:, where today are the towns of 1991:region, although the flow from 1432:Unidentified woman and baby in 384:Conception of "white" in Brazil 15936:White culture in South America 15700:Negative stereotypes of Whites 14006:Salzano, F M (1997). "Study". 12814:"Basketball Hall of Fame 2013" 11499:. SENAC. pp. 15, 16, 18. 11362:"Colônia Finlandesa do Penedo" 9623:"Paraná State Government page" 8477:Ennes, Marcelo Alario (2006). 8002:Johannes Menne Postma (1990). 6956: 6817: 6798: 6744: 6717:European immigration to Brazil 4728: 4466:oldest synagogues in the world 3721:John VI of Portugal and Brazil 2866:descent population during the 1907:European immigration to Brazil 1506:Unknown Brazilian family, 1860 1464:Unknown Brazilian family, 1880 1281: 1271: 1260: 1249: 1239: 1229: 13: 1: 15850:White Anglo-Saxon Protestants 12430:"Valor1000 – Valor Econômico" 12235:"You are being redirected..." 12101:Schucman, Lia Vainer (2006). 10017:"Retrato Molecular- Genética" 9882:. 6 July 2011. Archived from 8512:Senado de la Nación Argentina 8225:(Brasília: MEC, 1964), p. 18. 7985:Paul Louis Jacques Gaffarel, 6737: 4691: 4380:History of the Jews in Brazil 3764: 3344:Spanish immigration to Brazil 3130: 3001:, along with the rest of the 2977:, that weakened local trade. 2877:Monument to the immigrant in 2635: 2625: 595:Caboclos ("indigenous"/ 15636:Missing white woman syndrome 13679:10.1016/j.fsigen.2009.05.006 13216:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004572 12712:FIFA.com (2 December 2011). 12549:Jeb Blount (19 April 1992). 8029:Beth Capelache de Carvalho. 7989:(Paris: Maison Neuve, 1878). 7954:10.1371/journal.pone.0017063 7853:10.1371/journal.pone.0075145 7499:Bacci, Massimo Livi (2002). 4641:, who was inducted into the 4474:Congregation Shearith Israel 4121:, a small town located near 3987:Chinese immigrants to Brazil 3597:Intangible cultural heritage 3333: 2387: 2358: 2329: 2300: 2271: 2242: 2213: 2184: 2158: 1478:Unknown Brazilian girl, 1889 390:Race and ethnicity in Brazil 7: 15788:US definitions of whiteness 13981:"BVGF – A Obra / Opúsculos" 12264:"Imigração Grega no Brasil" 10097:"Observatório da Emigração" 7345:Tereza Cristina N. Araújo. 7329:Tereza Cristina N. Araújo. 7082:Edward Eric Telles (2004), 6665: 4959:. These states, along with 4926: 4699:White Brazilians 1872-2022 4581:is most famous for being a 4374:Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews 4145:British, Scottish and Irish 3962: 3493:Moselle Franconian dialects 3471:Today more speakers of the 3265:, especially the states of 3226: 1848:between the coastal forest 1817:Dutch Brazil or New Holland 1804:War of the Seven Reductions 1386:Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro 10: 15957: 15903:European native population 13805:"Nossa herança europeia —" 13129:Seyferth, Giralda (2002). 12845:The Encyclopedia of Tennis 11701:Harter, Eugene C. (2000). 11493:Nogueira, Cláudio (2006). 11142:Ruseishvili, S.A. (2021). 10816:10.14393/DLesp-v8n3a2014-5 10295:Spanish immigrant journals 9981:Klein, Herbert S. (1989). 6886:10.1038/s41467-018-07748-z 5479: 5466: 5453: 5440: 5427: 5414: 5401: 5388: 5375: 5362: 5349: 5336: 5323: 5310: 5297: 5284: 5263: 5250: 5237: 5224: 5211: 5198: 5032:, where there is a strong 4506: 4454:Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue 4420:on Earth, most of them of 4377: 4346: 4339:Levantine descendants in 4221: 4187:The Anglo-Scots-Brazilian 4160: 4080: 4011:Lithuanian descendants in 4000: 3978: 3931: 3912: 3810: 3768: 3750: 3696: 3606: 3466:Riograndenser Hunsrückisch 3381: 3337: 3230: 3134: 2921:in the 18th century (e.g. 2438:Impact of mass immigration 1927:Italian immigrants in the 1900: 1789: 1553:Portuguese descendants in 1294: 1283: 1273: 1262: 1251: 1241: 1231: 502: 494: 486: 475: 387: 260:Oriental Orthodox Churches 15893: 15777: 15699: 15681:White demographic decline 15616: 15523: 15482: 15413: 15235: 15219: 15141: 15130: 15116: 15028: 14969: 14918: 14887: 14861: 14820: 14811: 14795: 14786: 14720: 14704: 14673: 14615: 14606: 14589: 14580: 14508: 14465: 14432: 14384: 14377: 14345: 14328: 14298: 14289: 14179: 14175: 12345:. cia.gov. Archived from 11148:Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 9231:"Um atalho para a Europa" 9064:Jewishvirtuallibrary.org/ 8240:Revistapesquisa.fapesp.br 7403:Censo Demográfico de 1960 7353:63, November 1987. p. 14. 6968:brasil500anos.ibge.gov.br 6002: 5933: 5850: 5706:and excessively detailed. 5665:Santa Isabel do Rio Negro 5194:White Population 2009(%) 5191:White Population 1940(%) 4898: 4698: 4502: 4218:Americans (United States) 4062:Hungarian descendants in 3949:Joséphine of Leuchtenberg 3487:. Other dialects include 2154: 2151: 1897:Mass European immigration 224: 219: 209: 204: 187: 170: 153: 136: 119: 102: 90: 85: 61: 56: 44: 14391:American (United States) 12714:"Kings of the free-kick" 11858:22 December 2014 at the 11228:Global.truelithuania.com 11119:. Brasil-russia.com.br. 8197:Flávia de Ávila (2003). 8111:Jewishvirtuallibrary.org 8074:Jewishvirtuallibrary.org 8035:de Santos, 27 June 1982" 7736:Revista de Saúde Pública 5775:side, 39% have European 4900:Source: Brazilian census 4437:or Portuguese and Dutch 4330: 4153:Scottish descendants in 4107:, who also composes the 4040:Praça República Lituânia 3991:ethnic Russian community 3852:Low Franconian languages 3753:Luxembourgish Brazilians 3707:The Swiss settlement of 3692: 3602: 3513:Southern Austro-Bavarian 3245:About 1.64 million 2889:) is read at the bottom. 2840:Galicia (Eastern Europe) 1371:A characteristic of the 424:Croatian descendants in 15941:Ethnic groups in Brazil 15712:Appalachian stereotypes 13426:10.1073/pnas.0126614100 13340:10.1002/ajpa.1330580204 12843:Robertson, Max (1974). 12524:Celebridades.uol.com.br 11676:"Brazilian Confederacy" 11651:. 2001-2009.state.gov. 10739:(in Portuguese): 1–12. 7317:"Censo 2022 - Panorama" 7141:10.1073/pnas.0126614100 7084:"Racial Classification" 5625:Nossa Senhora das Dores 5052:influence is stronger. 4361:population outside the 4353:Brazil has the largest 4317:Ellen Gracie Northfleet 3971:Russian descendants in 3669:has the second largest 3582:Oktoberfest of Blumenau 3538:, Paraná (since 1951). 3473:East Pomeranian dialect 3412:("I love Blumenau", in 3223:Brazilian citizenship. 2951:Austro-Hungarian Empire 2848:Campos Gerais do Paraná 2717:, Ashkenazi Jews (from 2541:family in Brazil, 1891. 1915:Italian descendants in 1373:Portuguese colonization 1300:Portuguese colonization 554:anti-miscegenation laws 503:European and Amerindian 256:Eastern Orthodox Church 15619:phenomena and theories 15602:The White Man's Burden 15596:White Australia policy 15392:Southern United States 15036:Demographics of Brazil 14165:Ancestry and ethnicity 11416:"1942 Gilberto Freyre" 9592:. 2009. Archived from 8581:Fausto, Boris (1999). 8531: 7377:Censo Demográfico 1940 7175:"The undesirable race" 7114:Parra (January 2003). 6707:Emigration from Europe 6206:predominantly European 5529: 5518: 5507: 5312:Rio de Janeiro (state) 4940: 4923: 4587:Alexandre Herchcovitch 4493:Anti-Defamation League 4413: 4401: 4344: 4286:, a former senator of 4241: 4189:Charles William Miller 4182:Madeira-Mamoré Railway 4158: 4123:Itatiaia National Park 4078: 4067: 4016: 3976: 3953:Amélie of Leuchtenberg 3934:Scandinavian Brazilian 3928:Scandinavian countries 3834: 3792: 3740: 3716: 3625: 3425: 3422:Santa Catarina (state) 3401: 3242: 3165: 3149: 2890: 2886: 2806:) who also kept their 2658: 2642: 2471: 2451: 2446:Polish descendants in 2098: 1960: 1948: 1943:German descendants in 1936: 1920: 1819: 1813:John Maurice of Nassau 1659: 1637:Augustin Saint-Hilaire 1570: 1558: 1352: 1313: 439: 428: 417: 403: 299: 288: 15820:Identitarian movement 15405:Saint Kitts and Nevis 14413:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste 12979:. Sidra.ibge.gov.br. 12868:Collins, Bud (2010). 10803:Domínios de Lingu@gem 10179:"IMIGRAÇÃO E MEMÓRIA" 8526: 8521:12 April 2013 at the 8483:Estudos de Sociologia 7826:(20 September 2013). 6866:Nature Communications 6727:Portuguese Brazilians 6722:White Latin Americans 6015:Number of individuals 5674:Serrano do Maranhão ( 5631:Santo Inácio do Piauí 5524: 5513: 5502: 5265:Rio de Janeiro (city) 4934: 4910: 4561:is the Co-founder of 4532:Oi telecommunications 4407: 4387: 4338: 4255:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste 4235: 4152: 4073: 4061: 4010: 4003:Lithuanian Brazilians 3970: 3824: 3778: 3706: 3616: 3524:High Alemannic German 3407: 3395: 3378:Germans and Austrians 3240: 3158:São José do Rio Preto 3155: 3144: 3137:Portuguese Brazilians 2957:and Germans from the 2876: 2648: 2633: 2457: 2445: 2092: 1957:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste 1954: 1942: 1926: 1914: 1903:Immigration to Brazil 1811: 1645: 1564: 1552: 1338: 1307: 435:Swiss descendants in 434: 423: 409: 397: 287: 15707:In the United States 15671:Whitewashing in film 13608:Current Anthropology 13257:"Os Genes de Cabral" 13068:. 1 September 1940. 12820:. 7 September 2013. 12496:. 11 November 2014. 12292:. 14 November 2013. 11016:"Vivre à l'étranger" 9775:on 21 September 2013 8804:on 24 September 2015 7351:Cadernos de Pesquisa 7288:on 16 December 2007. 6810:26 June 2020 at the 5798:would have over 10% 5269:71,1%* (in the then 4945:South of the country 4665:), and many others. 4424:background but also 4321:Warwick Estevam Kerr 4304:Confederate colonies 4083:Hungarian Brazilians 3783:descent celebrating 3771:Ukrainian Brazilians 3673:in the world (after 3637:Partitions of Poland 3495:group together with 2975:Germany respectively 2971:unification of Italy 2939:Grand Duchy of Baden 2808:Hunsrückisch dialect 2804:Rhineland-Palatinate 2719:diaspora communities 2114:Atlantic slave trade 1995:was also important. 1955:U.S. descendants in 604:"East Asian") 487:European and African 15825:Non-Hispanic whites 15666:Whitewashing in art 15591:Settler colonialism 15524:Historical concepts 15334:Trinidad and Tobago 15132:European emigration 13417:2003PNAS..100..177P 13063:"Censo Demográfico" 13037:Noticias.uol.com.br 13033:"Censo Brasil 2010" 12957:on 22 February 2012 12520:"Bilionária aos 50" 12404:noticias.uol.com.br 12376:(in Spanish) (38). 12349:on 16 November 2018 12045:. 8 November 2011. 11753:"MCMULLAN, FRANCIS" 11474:on 19 December 2009 11444:. livrariacultura. 11018:. 25 January 2016. 10987:on 6 September 2009 10103:on 24 November 2015 9823:. 12 September 2015 9434:. 26 October 2009. 9138:on 12 November 2016 8772:on 29 February 2020 8362:. Editora da UFPB. 8148:. 14 January 2014. 7945:2011PLoSO...617063P 7844:2013PLoSO...875145S 7425:on 24 February 2013 7132:2003PNAS..100..177P 7046:on 22 February 2012 6878:2018NatCo...9.5388C 6599:Central-West Region 6489:Northeast of Brazil 6387:Central-West Region 6277:Central-West Region 6155:Central-West Region 5800:Sub-Saharan African 5455:Rio Grande do Norte 5103:: 30,976,877 whites 4579:Alessandra Ambrosio 4485:Marta Smith Suplicy 4224:American Brazilians 4184:in the rainforest. 4171:Scottish Brazilians 3909:French and Walloons 3503:, Low Saxon–rooted 3477:Low German-speaking 3388:Austrian Brazilians 3261:plantations in the 3014: 2802:region of Germany ( 2489:Portuguese language 2148: 1891:Northeastern Brazil 1672: 1583: 1396:islands increased. 602:Amarelos ("yellow"/ 572: 464: 450:. In Brazil and in 300:brasileiros brancos 245:Jehovah's Witnesses 41: 39:Brasileiros Brancos 15810:European New Right 15805:Christian Identity 15581:Play the white man 15294:Dominican Republic 14194:Indigenous peoples 13950:10.1002/ajhb.20474 13902:10.1002/ajhb.10217 13848:10.1002/ajhb.22714 13811:on 30 January 2012 13583:. 30 December 2016 13502:10.1002/ajhb.20976 13297:10.1002/ajhb.20404 12750:The New York Times 11784:. Berghahn Books. 11418:. estantevirtual. 11057:on 16 January 2014 10584:René Laglstorfer. 10217:on 16 January 2014 9860:on 2 November 2008 9335:on 3 October 2009. 9241:on 21 August 2012. 8975:on 3 October 2009. 8855:Ina Emmel (2005). 8836:on 9 February 2015 8443:Multirio.rj.gov.br 8236:"O DNA dos Pampas" 8146:Colonialvoyage.com 7781:10.1002/ajhb.22714 5530: 5519: 5508: 5173:Mato Grosso do Sul 4992:Mato Grosso do Sul 4941: 4924: 4670:Maria Esther Bueno 4555:Jorge Paulo Lemann 4414: 4402: 4345: 4242: 4167:English Brazilians 4159: 4079: 4068: 4017: 3981:Russian Brazilians 3977: 3955:, wife of Emperor 3835: 3793: 3729:canton of Fribourg 3717: 3626: 3485:co-official status 3426: 3416:) in front of the 3410:Ich liebe Blumenau 3402: 3340:Spanish Brazilians 3290:and, according to 3243: 3166: 3150: 3109:Rio Grande do Sul 3012: 2959:Kingdom of Prussia 2931:Giuseppe Garibaldi 2891: 2824:Sinos River Valley 2659: 2643: 2618:State of São Paulo 2568:Italian family in 2472: 2452: 2144: 2099: 2020:Canton of Fribourg 1961: 1949: 1937: 1921: 1860:in the Northeast. 1820: 1800:France Équinoxiale 1796:France Antarctique 1670: 1660: 1581: 1571: 1559: 1409:John V of Portugal 1353: 1314: 580:Brancos ("whites") 570: 558:affirmative action 522:racial segregation 462: 440: 429: 418: 404: 400:population pyramid 374:Mato Grosso do Sul 289: 35: 15923: 15922: 15875:White nationalism 15815:Great Replacement 15780:identity politics 15661:Whiteness studies 15571:First white child 15519: 15518: 15076: 15075: 15024: 15023: 15020: 15019: 15016: 15015: 14782: 14781: 14778: 14777: 14576: 14575: 14367: 14366: 13578:"502 Bad Gateway" 13263:on 29 August 2007 13107:on 4 January 2012 12898:sidra.ibge.gov.br 12701:on 1 August 2018. 12679:on 1 August 2018. 12556:Los Angeles Times 12238:Global100.adl.org 12076:Sidra.ibge.gov.br 11506:978-85-87864-96-3 11368:on 26 August 2014 11260:on 4 January 2007 11195:Ilas.columbia.edu 10770:(in Portuguese). 10335:. 15 March 2016. 10270:(16th ed., 2009) 10129:on 19 August 2017 9989:(in Portuguese). 9954:(in Portuguese). 9920:978-1-107-02486-1 9801:on 19 August 2008 9717:"Katharinensisch" 9627:Cidadao.pr.gov.br 8901:978-0-8420-2831-8 8714:(in Portuguese). 8681:(in Portuguese). 8592:978-85-314-0484-9 8549:(in Portuguese). 8485:(in Portuguese). 8301:Am. J. Hum. Genet 7738:(in Portuguese). 7643:(in Portuguese). 7507:(in Portuguese). 7390:Censo Demográfico 6756:sidra.ibge.gov.br 6712:European diaspora 6660:a study from 1965 6645: 6644: 6535: 6534: 6440:the population: " 6433: 6432: 6323: 6322: 6201: 6200: 6079: 6078: 5812:Rio Grande do Sul 5781:Great Immigration 5777:Mitochondrial DNA 5754:mitochondrial DNA 5746:mitochondrial DNA 5724: 5723: 5539:Rio Grande do Sul 5492: 5491: 5213:Rio Grande do Sul 5188:Federative Units 5113:Rio Grande do Sul 4968:Rio Grande do Sul 4953:Rio Grande do Sul 4905: 4904: 4901: 4714: 4631:to be ranked nr 1 4583:Victoria's Secret 4367:Asian communities 4284:William H. Norris 4163:British Brazilian 4099:, followed by an 4038:Lithuania Plaza ( 3957:Pedro I of Brazil 3945:Sweden and Norway 3915:French Brazilians 3817:Belgian Brazilian 3795:More than 20,000 3547:Rio Grande do Sul 3384:German Brazilians 3278:São Paulo capital 3233:Italian Brazilian 3162:São Paulo (state) 3121: 3120: 2709:, Castilians and 2705:) and Spaniards ( 2655:Rio Grande do Sul 2520:Italian Brazilian 2466:state, where the 2435: 2434: 2331:Middle Easterners 2123:Republican Regime 1876:Amazon rainforest 1854:and the semiarid 1840:Borborema Plateau 1783: 1782: 1628: 1627: 1378:Northern Portugal 1358:Portuguese Empire 1227: 1226: 597:"mestizo") 590:Pretos ("blacks") 549:Scientific racism 510: 509: 354:Rio Grande do Sul 282: 281: 128:Rio Grande do Sul 16:(Redirected from 15948: 15911: 15910: 15754:Angry white male 15630:Passing as white 15139: 15138: 15103: 15096: 15089: 15080: 15079: 14818: 14817: 14793: 14792: 14613: 14612: 14587: 14586: 14382: 14381: 14296: 14295: 14177: 14176: 14163: 14162: 14161: 14151: 14144: 14137: 14128: 14127: 14121: 14120: 14084: 14078: 14077: 14075: 14065: 14041: 14035: 14034: 14022: 14016: 14015: 14003: 13997: 13996: 13994: 13992: 13987:on 31 March 2012 13977: 13971: 13970: 13952: 13928: 13922: 13921: 13884: 13878: 13877: 13859: 13830: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13801: 13795: 13794: 13784: 13752: 13746: 13745: 13743: 13741: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13715: 13697: 13691: 13690: 13661: 13652: 13651: 13649: 13647: 13599: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13588: 13582: 13574: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13560: 13551:. Archived from 13541: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13504: 13480: 13467: 13466: 13461:. Archived from 13455: 13449: 13448: 13438: 13428: 13396: 13387: 13386: 13384: 13382: 13376: 13370:. Archived from 13369: 13360: 13351: 13350: 13323: 13317: 13316: 13279: 13273: 13272: 13270: 13268: 13253: 13247: 13246: 13228: 13218: 13193: 13187: 13186: 13184: 13182: 13177:on 5 August 2012 13167: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13156: 13146: 13126: 13117: 13116: 13114: 13112: 13106: 13099: 13091: 13085: 13084: 13082: 13080: 13074: 13067: 13059: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13048: 13029: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13018: 12999: 12993: 12992: 12990: 12988: 12973: 12967: 12966: 12964: 12962: 12956: 12950:. Archived from 12949: 12941: 12935: 12934: 12932: 12930: 12915: 12909: 12908: 12906: 12904: 12890: 12884: 12883: 12865: 12859: 12858: 12840: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12829: 12810: 12804: 12803: 12801: 12799: 12790:. Archived from 12784:Atpworldtour.com 12776: 12770: 12769: 12764: 12762: 12740: 12734: 12733: 12731: 12729: 12720:. Archived from 12709: 12703: 12702: 12697:. Archived from 12687: 12681: 12680: 12675:. Archived from 12665: 12659: 12658: 12656: 12654: 12639: 12633: 12632: 12630: 12628: 12613: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12602: 12587:Anderson Antunes 12579: 12573: 12572: 12570: 12568: 12546: 12540: 12539: 12537: 12535: 12526:. 9 April 2012. 12516: 12510: 12509: 12507: 12505: 12486: 12480: 12479: 12477: 12475: 12456: 12450: 12449: 12447: 12445: 12426: 12420: 12419: 12417: 12415: 12396: 12390: 12389: 12387: 12385: 12365: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12354: 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12312: 12306: 12305: 12303: 12301: 12286: 12280: 12279: 12277: 12275: 12260: 12254: 12253: 12251: 12249: 12231: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12220: 12215:on 20 April 2016 12211:. Archived from 12205: 12199: 12198: 12196: 12194: 12179: 12173: 12172: 12170: 12168: 12153: 12147: 12146: 12144: 12142: 12127: 12121: 12120: 12118: 12116: 12098: 12092: 12091: 12089: 12087: 12068: 12062: 12061: 12059: 12057: 12051: 12044: 12036: 12025: 12024: 12022: 12020: 12000: 11987: 11986: 11984: 11982: 11967: 11961: 11960: 11955: 11953: 11947: 11934: 11925: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11914: 11899: 11893: 11892: 11890: 11888: 11877:Washington Times 11869: 11863: 11847: 11841: 11840: 11838: 11836: 11814: 11808: 11807: 11805: 11803: 11775: 11769: 11768: 11766: 11764: 11749: 11743: 11742: 11740: 11738: 11723: 11717: 11716: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11689: 11687: 11671: 11665: 11664: 11662: 11660: 11645: 11639: 11636: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11622: 11595: 11589: 11588: 11586: 11584: 11569: 11563: 11562: 11560: 11558: 11543: 11537: 11536: 11534: 11532: 11517: 11511: 11510: 11490: 11484: 11483: 11481: 11479: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11438: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11412: 11406: 11405: 11403: 11401: 11384: 11378: 11377: 11375: 11373: 11364:. Archived from 11358: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11347: 11338:. Archived from 11332: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11321: 11312:. Archived from 11306: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11295: 11276: 11270: 11269: 11267: 11265: 11256:. Archived from 11250: 11244: 11243: 11241: 11239: 11220: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11201:on 15 April 2016 11197:. Archived from 11187: 11181: 11180: 11175: 11173: 11163: 11139: 11133: 11132: 11130: 11128: 11113: 11107: 11106: 11104: 11102: 11093:. Archived from 11087: 11081: 11080: 11074: 11066: 11064: 11062: 11056: 11050:. Archived from 11049: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11029: 11027: 11012: 11006: 11003: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10992: 10983:. Archived from 10977: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10966: 10961:on 6 August 2013 10951: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10925: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10905:. Archived from 10895: 10889: 10888: 10886: 10884: 10869: 10863: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10827: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10794: 10788: 10787: 10785: 10783: 10759: 10753: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10728: 10722: 10721: 10719: 10717: 10702:"Texto da Norma" 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10668: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10657: 10642: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10631: 10612: 10606: 10605: 10603: 10601: 10581: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10570: 10555: 10549: 10548: 10528: 10522: 10519: 10513: 10510: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10480: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10450: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10434: 10415: 10409: 10408: 10406: 10404: 10385: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10374: 10365:. 7 April 2015. 10355: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10329: 10320: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10308: 10306: 10284: 10278: 10277: 10276: 10259: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10233: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10207: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10196: 10191:on 20 March 2009 10190: 10183: 10175: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10164: 10145: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10119: 10113: 10112: 10110: 10108: 10099:. Archived from 10093: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10082: 10076: 10069: 10061: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10050: 10038: 10032: 10031: 10029: 10027: 10021:Ich.unito.com.br 10013: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9978: 9972: 9971: 9969: 9967: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9932: 9902: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9891: 9876: 9870: 9869: 9867: 9865: 9856:. Archived from 9850: 9844: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9817: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9806: 9797:. Archived from 9791: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9739: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9728: 9713: 9707: 9706: 9704: 9702: 9687: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9664:. Archived from 9654: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9638: 9619: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9601: 9582: 9573: 9570: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9544: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9513: 9507: 9506: 9504: 9502: 9487: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9469: 9454: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9443: 9424: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9410: 9383: 9374: 9373: 9371: 9369: 9346: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9323: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9300: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9282: 9271: 9262: 9243: 9242: 9227: 9208: 9207: 9205: 9203: 9188: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9172:on 17 April 2008 9168:. Archived from 9157: 9148: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9134:. Archived from 9124: 9115: 9114: 9112: 9110: 9095: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9075: 9056: 9047: 9046: 9044: 9042: 9027: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011: 8996: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8963: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8927: 8918: 8917: 8915: 8913: 8885: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8874: 8868: 8861: 8852: 8846: 8845: 8843: 8841: 8835: 8829:. Archived from 8828: 8820: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8803: 8796: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8768:. Archived from 8762: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8736: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8670: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8653: 8646: 8638: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8621: 8614: 8606: 8597: 8596: 8578: 8567: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8538: 8532: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8500: 8498: 8474: 8468: 8465: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8435: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8381: 8353: 8347: 8344: 8335: 8334: 8324: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8232: 8226: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8210: 8203: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8168: 8162: 8161: 8159: 8157: 8138: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8107:"Recife, Brazil" 8103: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8066: 8051: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8026: 8020: 8019: 7999: 7990: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7966: 7956: 7923: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7865: 7855: 7822: 7811: 7810: 7792: 7763: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7742:(suppl): 49–90. 7727: 7696: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7656: 7632: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7612: 7605: 7597: 7588: 7585: 7568: 7565: 7554: 7553: 7548: 7546: 7531: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7496: 7490: 7489: 7484: 7482: 7467: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7415: 7406: 7399: 7393: 7386: 7380: 7373: 7367: 7360: 7354: 7343: 7334: 7327: 7321: 7320: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7287: 7281:. Archived from 7280: 7272: 7266: 7265: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7197: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7171: 7165: 7164:Second paragraph 7163: 7153: 7143: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7079: 7056: 7055: 7053: 7051: 7045: 7039:. Archived from 7034: 7026: 7020: 7019: 7017: 7015: 7009: 7002: 6993: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6943: 6919: 6908: 6907: 6897: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6844: 6842: 6830: 6821: 6815: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6776: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6748: 6732:Racism in Brazil 6702:Asian Brazilians 6696: 6691: 6690: 6689: 6682: 6677: 6676: 6675: 6615:Southeast Region 6583:Northeast Region 6541: 6540: 6505:Southeast Brazil 6447: 6446: 6403:Southeast Region 6371:Northeast Region 6329: 6328: 6293:Southeast Region 6261:Northeast Region 6219: 6218: 6171:Southeast Region 6139:Northeast Region 6097: 6096: 5848: 5847: 5796:Southeast Brazil 5732: 5719: 5716: 5710: 5695: 5694: 5687: 5683:Genetic research 5533:Cities and towns 5271:Federal District 5185: 5184: 5179:Federal District 5010:Federal District 4899: 4893: 4892: 4875: 4874: 4857: 4856: 4839: 4838: 4821: 4820: 4803: 4802: 4785: 4784: 4767: 4766: 4749: 4748: 4731: 4730: 4710: 4696: 4695: 4625:Others include, 4604:Brazilian sports 4602:In the world of 4509:Greek Brazilians 4418:Jewish diasporas 4175:Irish Brazilians 4125:, was the first 3951:, was sister to 3725:Swiss immigrants 3658:which was under 3609:Polish Brazilian 3526:, especially in 3462:Brazilian German 3320:Abruzzi e Molise 3296:Venetian dialect 3015: 3011: 3007:Kingdom of Italy 2979:Istrian Italians 2699:Abruzzi e Molise 2640: 2637: 2613: 2593: 2581: 2565: 2550: 2535: 2516: 2470:is still spoken. 2149: 2064:racial whitening 1673: 1669: 1648:Ham's Redemption 1584: 1580: 1534: 1516: 1502: 1488: 1474: 1460: 1446: 1428: 1287: 1277: 1266: 1255: 1245: 1235: 931:Undeclared 928:Indigenous 613:Undeclared 609:Indigenous 603: 596: 585:Pardos ("mixed") 573: 569: 465: 461: 333:, but also from 306: 292:White Brazilians 194: 193: 177: 176: 160: 159: 143: 142: 126: 125: 109: 108: 97:Southeast Region 80: 79: 66: 65: 57:Total population 49: 42: 36:White Brazilians 34: 21: 18:White brazilians 15956: 15955: 15951: 15950: 15949: 15947: 15946: 15945: 15926: 15925: 15924: 15919: 15889: 15885:White supremacy 15773: 15722:Mountain whites 15695: 15691:White supremacy 15656:White privilege 15618: 15612: 15576:Honorary whites 15515: 15478: 15409: 15231: 15215: 15134: 15126: 15112: 15107: 15077: 15072: 15012: 14965: 14914: 14883: 14857: 14813: 14807: 14774: 14716: 14700: 14669: 14608: 14602: 14572: 14504: 14467:Central America 14461: 14428: 14373: 14363: 14347: 14346:Central Africa 14341: 14330: 14324: 14285: 14171: 14159: 14157: 14155: 14125: 14124: 14085: 14081: 14042: 14038: 14023: 14019: 14004: 14000: 13990: 13988: 13979: 13978: 13974: 13929: 13925: 13885: 13881: 13831: 13824: 13814: 13812: 13803: 13802: 13798: 13753: 13749: 13739: 13737: 13728: 13727: 13723: 13713: 13711: 13698: 13694: 13662: 13655: 13645: 13643: 13600: 13596: 13586: 13584: 13580: 13576: 13575: 13568: 13558: 13556: 13549:Meionews.com.br 13543: 13542: 13538: 13528: 13526: 13481: 13470: 13465:on 21 May 2016. 13457: 13456: 13452: 13397: 13390: 13380: 13378: 13374: 13367: 13361: 13354: 13324: 13320: 13280: 13276: 13266: 13264: 13255: 13254: 13250: 13209:(9): e1004572. 13194: 13190: 13180: 13178: 13169: 13168: 13164: 13154: 13152: 13137:(53): 117–149. 13127: 13120: 13110: 13108: 13104: 13097: 13093: 13092: 13088: 13078: 13076: 13072: 13065: 13061: 13060: 13056: 13046: 13044: 13031: 13030: 13026: 13016: 13014: 13001: 13000: 12996: 12986: 12984: 12975: 12974: 12970: 12960: 12958: 12954: 12947: 12943: 12942: 12938: 12928: 12926: 12917: 12916: 12912: 12902: 12900: 12892: 12891: 12887: 12880: 12866: 12862: 12855: 12841: 12837: 12827: 12825: 12812: 12811: 12807: 12797: 12795: 12794:on 11 June 2010 12778: 12777: 12773: 12760: 12758: 12741: 12737: 12727: 12725: 12724:on 27 June 2015 12710: 12706: 12689: 12688: 12684: 12667: 12666: 12662: 12652: 12650: 12641: 12640: 12636: 12626: 12624: 12615: 12614: 12610: 12600: 12598: 12581: 12580: 12576: 12566: 12564: 12547: 12543: 12533: 12531: 12518: 12517: 12513: 12503: 12501: 12488: 12487: 12483: 12473: 12471: 12458: 12457: 12453: 12443: 12441: 12428: 12427: 12423: 12413: 12411: 12398: 12397: 12393: 12383: 12381: 12366: 12362: 12352: 12350: 12341: 12340: 12336: 12326: 12324: 12313: 12309: 12299: 12297: 12288: 12287: 12283: 12273: 12271: 12262: 12261: 12257: 12247: 12245: 12233: 12232: 12228: 12218: 12216: 12207: 12206: 12202: 12192: 12190: 12181: 12180: 12176: 12166: 12164: 12155: 12154: 12150: 12140: 12138: 12129: 12128: 12124: 12114: 12112: 12099: 12095: 12085: 12083: 12070: 12069: 12065: 12055: 12053: 12049: 12042: 12038: 12037: 12028: 12018: 12016: 12009:Jewishpress.com 12003:Israel, David. 12001: 11990: 11980: 11978: 11969: 11968: 11964: 11951: 11949: 11945: 11932: 11926: 11922: 11912: 11910: 11901: 11900: 11896: 11886: 11884: 11871: 11870: 11866: 11860:Wayback Machine 11848: 11844: 11834: 11832: 11815: 11811: 11801: 11799: 11792: 11776: 11772: 11762: 11760: 11751: 11750: 11746: 11736: 11734: 11725: 11724: 11720: 11713: 11699: 11695: 11685: 11683: 11672: 11668: 11658: 11656: 11647: 11646: 11642: 11637: 11630: 11620: 11618: 11611: 11597: 11596: 11592: 11582: 11580: 11571: 11570: 11566: 11556: 11554: 11553:on 25 June 2016 11545: 11544: 11540: 11530: 11528: 11519: 11518: 11514: 11507: 11491: 11487: 11477: 11475: 11466: 11465: 11461: 11451: 11449: 11440: 11439: 11435: 11425: 11423: 11414: 11413: 11409: 11399: 11397: 11386: 11385: 11381: 11371: 11369: 11360: 11359: 11355: 11345: 11343: 11342:on 20 July 2011 11334: 11333: 11329: 11319: 11317: 11308: 11307: 11303: 11293: 11291: 11278: 11277: 11273: 11263: 11261: 11252: 11251: 11247: 11237: 11235: 11222: 11221: 11214: 11204: 11202: 11189: 11188: 11184: 11171: 11169: 11140: 11136: 11126: 11124: 11115: 11114: 11110: 11100: 11098: 11097:on 6 March 2007 11089: 11088: 11084: 11068: 11067: 11060: 11058: 11054: 11047: 11045:"Archived copy" 11043: 11042: 11038: 11025: 11023: 11014: 11013: 11009: 11004: 11000: 10990: 10988: 10979: 10978: 10974: 10964: 10962: 10953: 10952: 10948: 10938: 10936: 10927: 10926: 10922: 10912: 10910: 10909:on 30 June 2016 10897: 10896: 10892: 10882: 10880: 10871: 10870: 10866: 10861: 10857: 10828: 10824: 10795: 10791: 10781: 10779: 10774:(10): 159–174. 10760: 10756: 10746: 10744: 10729: 10725: 10715: 10713: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10685: 10683: 10672:"Sistema Legis" 10670: 10669: 10665: 10655: 10653: 10644: 10643: 10639: 10629: 10627: 10620:SDuabios.com.br 10614: 10613: 10609: 10599: 10597: 10582: 10578: 10568: 10566: 10557: 10556: 10552: 10529: 10525: 10520: 10516: 10511: 10507: 10497: 10495: 10482: 10481: 10477: 10467: 10465: 10458:Revistas.usp.br 10452: 10451: 10442: 10432: 10430: 10417: 10416: 10412: 10402: 10400: 10387: 10386: 10382: 10372: 10370: 10357: 10356: 10352: 10342: 10340: 10331: 10330: 10323: 10318: 10314: 10304: 10302: 10285: 10281: 10271: 10260: 10256: 10246: 10244: 10235: 10234: 10230: 10220: 10218: 10209: 10208: 10204: 10194: 10192: 10188: 10181: 10177: 10176: 10172: 10162: 10160: 10147: 10146: 10142: 10132: 10130: 10121: 10120: 10116: 10106: 10104: 10095: 10094: 10090: 10080: 10078: 10074: 10067: 10063: 10062: 10058: 10048: 10046: 10040: 10039: 10035: 10025: 10023: 10015: 10014: 10010: 10000: 9998: 9979: 9975: 9965: 9963: 9944: 9940: 9930: 9928: 9921: 9903: 9899: 9889: 9887: 9878: 9877: 9873: 9863: 9861: 9852: 9851: 9847: 9840: 9836: 9826: 9824: 9819: 9818: 9814: 9804: 9802: 9793: 9792: 9788: 9778: 9776: 9767: 9766: 9762: 9752: 9750: 9741: 9740: 9736: 9726: 9724: 9715: 9714: 9710: 9700: 9698: 9689: 9688: 9681: 9671: 9669: 9668:on 30 June 2016 9656: 9655: 9646: 9636: 9634: 9621: 9620: 9609: 9599: 9597: 9584: 9583: 9576: 9571: 9567: 9557: 9555: 9546: 9545: 9536: 9526: 9524: 9515: 9514: 9510: 9500: 9498: 9489: 9488: 9477: 9467: 9465: 9456: 9455: 9451: 9441: 9439: 9426: 9425: 9418: 9408: 9406: 9399: 9385: 9384: 9377: 9367: 9365: 9348: 9347: 9340: 9332: 9321: 9314: 9310: 9294: 9293: 9286: 9284: 9283:on 21 July 2012 9280: 9269: 9263: 9246: 9229: 9228: 9211: 9201: 9199: 9190: 9189: 9185: 9175: 9173: 9158: 9151: 9141: 9139: 9126: 9125: 9118: 9108: 9106: 9097: 9096: 9083: 9073: 9071: 9058: 9057: 9050: 9040: 9038: 9029: 9028: 9019: 9009: 9007: 8998: 8997: 8980: 8972: 8961: 8954: 8950: 8940: 8938: 8929: 8928: 8921: 8911: 8909: 8902: 8886: 8882: 8872: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8853: 8849: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8826: 8822: 8821: 8817: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8794: 8790: 8789: 8785: 8775: 8773: 8764: 8763: 8759: 8749: 8747: 8738: 8737: 8733: 8704: 8700: 8671: 8667: 8657: 8655: 8651: 8644: 8640: 8639: 8635: 8625: 8623: 8619: 8612: 8608: 8607: 8600: 8593: 8579: 8570: 8560: 8558: 8539: 8535: 8523:Wayback Machine 8510: 8506: 8496: 8494: 8475: 8471: 8466: 8462: 8452: 8450: 8437: 8436: 8432: 8422: 8420: 8411: 8410: 8406: 8398: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8370: 8354: 8350: 8345: 8338: 8293: 8289: 8279: 8277: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8234: 8233: 8229: 8214: 8212: 8208: 8201: 8195: 8191: 8181: 8179: 8170: 8169: 8165: 8155: 8153: 8140: 8139: 8130: 8120: 8118: 8105: 8104: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8068: 8067: 8054: 8044: 8042: 8027: 8023: 8016: 8000: 7993: 7984: 7980: 7924: 7909: 7899: 7897: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7823: 7814: 7764: 7757: 7728: 7699: 7694: 7690: 7680: 7678: 7669: 7668: 7664: 7654: 7652: 7633: 7626: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7603: 7599: 7598: 7591: 7586: 7571: 7566: 7557: 7544: 7542: 7533: 7532: 7528: 7518: 7516: 7497: 7493: 7480: 7478: 7469: 7468: 7464: 7454: 7452: 7443: 7442: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7417: 7416: 7409: 7400: 7396: 7387: 7383: 7374: 7370: 7361: 7357: 7344: 7337: 7328: 7324: 7315: 7314: 7310: 7302: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7285: 7278: 7274: 7273: 7269: 7258: 7257: 7253: 7243: 7241: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7198: 7194: 7184: 7182: 7173: 7172: 7168: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7080: 7059: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7032: 7028: 7027: 7023: 7013: 7011: 7007: 7000: 6994: 6987: 6977: 6975: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6934:(10): 870–876. 6920: 6911: 6857: 6853: 6840: 6838: 6828: 6822: 6818: 6812:Wayback Machine 6803: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6778: 6777: 6770: 6760: 6758: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6740: 6692: 6687: 6685: 6678: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6652:São Paulo state 6560:Native American 6521:Southern Brazil 6473:Northern Brazil 6466:Native American 6348:Native American 6238:Native American 6116:Native American 5804:Southern Brazil 5742: 5741: 5740: 5738: 5733: 5720: 5714: 5711: 5708: 5696: 5692: 5685: 5535: 4929: 4712: 4694: 4686:Australian Open 4627:Gustavo Kuerten 4574:Gisele Bündchen 4559:Eduardo Saverin 4520: 4511: 4505: 4382: 4376: 4351: 4349:Arab Brazilians 4333: 4230: 4222:Main articles: 4220: 4177: 4161:Main articles: 4147: 4105:Finnic language 4089: 4056: 4005: 3999: 3983: 3965: 3936: 3930: 3924:descent today. 3917: 3911: 3819: 3813:Dutch Brazilian 3811:Main articles: 3809: 3773: 3767: 3755: 3749: 3701: 3699:Swiss Brazilian 3695: 3671:Polish diaspora 3611: 3605: 3501:Swiss Alemannic 3458:Standard German 3390: 3382:Main articles: 3380: 3346: 3338:Main articles: 3336: 3304:Southern Brazil 3251:Southern Brazil 3235: 3229: 3190:. In Portugal, 3139: 3133: 3125:Europeanization 3091:Santa Catarina 3055:Santa Catarina 3037:Santa Catarina 2985:rule also fled 2983:Austrian Empire 2927:Anita Garibaldi 2907:East Pomeranian 2903:Katharinensisch 2868:Imperial period 2812:Riograndensisch 2657:state, in 1886. 2638: 2628: 2621: 2614: 2605: 2594: 2585: 2582: 2573: 2570:Southern Brazil 2566: 2557: 2551: 2542: 2536: 2527: 2517: 2478:The process of 2468:German language 2440: 2146: 2135:Prinetti Decree 2073:South American 2001:southern Brazil 1909: 1901:Main articles: 1899: 1806: 1790:Main articles: 1788: 1633:life expectancy 1547: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1526: 1525: 1517: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1466: 1465: 1461: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1438: 1437: 1429: 1380:, most notably 1345:colonial Brazil 1302: 1297: 1291: 413:descendants in 392: 386: 313:Levantine Asian 230: 227:Catholic Church 188: 171: 154: 137: 120: 103: 75: 52: 37: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 15954: 15944: 15943: 15938: 15921: 15920: 15918: 15917: 15905: 15900: 15894: 15891: 15890: 15888: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15870:White identity 15867: 15865:White Hispanic 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15846: 15845: 15840: 15835: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15796: 15795: 15784: 15782: 15775: 15774: 15772: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15746: 15745: 15744: 15739: 15734: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15714: 15703: 15701: 15697: 15696: 15694: 15693: 15688: 15686:Reverse racism 15683: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15663: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15643: 15641:Skin whitening 15638: 15633: 15622: 15620: 15614: 15613: 15611: 15610: 15605: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15583: 15578: 15573: 15568: 15567: 15566: 15559: 15545: 15542:Blanqueamiento 15538: 15533: 15527: 15525: 15521: 15520: 15517: 15516: 15514: 15513: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15488: 15486: 15480: 15479: 15477: 15476: 15471: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15437: 15432: 15427: 15419: 15417: 15411: 15410: 15408: 15407: 15402: 15401: 15400: 15395: 15388: 15387: 15386: 15374: 15367: 15362: 15361: 15360: 15355: 15336: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15279: 15272: 15270:Cayman Islands 15267: 15262: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15239: 15237: 15233: 15232: 15230: 15229: 15223: 15221: 15217: 15216: 15214: 15213: 15208: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15163: 15158: 15153: 15147: 15145: 15136: 15128: 15127: 15125: 15124: 15117: 15114: 15113: 15106: 15105: 15098: 15091: 15083: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15059: 15058: 15048: 15043: 15038: 15032: 15030: 15029:Related topics 15026: 15025: 15022: 15021: 15018: 15017: 15014: 15013: 15011: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14979: 14973: 14971: 14967: 14966: 14964: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14922: 14920: 14916: 14915: 14913: 14912: 14907: 14902: 14897: 14891: 14889: 14885: 14884: 14882: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14865: 14863: 14859: 14858: 14856: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14824: 14822: 14815: 14809: 14808: 14806: 14805: 14799: 14797: 14790: 14784: 14783: 14780: 14779: 14776: 14775: 14773: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14756: 14755: 14750: 14745: 14740: 14730: 14724: 14722: 14718: 14717: 14715: 14714: 14708: 14706: 14702: 14701: 14699: 14698: 14693: 14688: 14683: 14677: 14675: 14671: 14670: 14668: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14646: 14645: 14635: 14630: 14625: 14619: 14617: 14610: 14604: 14603: 14601: 14600: 14593: 14591: 14584: 14578: 14577: 14574: 14573: 14571: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14555: 14550: 14545: 14540: 14535: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14514: 14512: 14506: 14505: 14503: 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14471: 14469: 14463: 14462: 14460: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14438: 14436: 14430: 14429: 14427: 14422: 14417: 14416: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14398: 14388: 14386: 14379: 14375: 14374: 14372: 14371: 14368: 14365: 14364: 14362: 14361: 14356: 14350: 14348: 14343: 14342: 14340: 14339: 14333: 14331: 14326: 14325: 14323: 14322: 14321: 14320: 14308: 14302: 14300: 14293: 14287: 14286: 14284: 14283: 14282: 14281: 14274: 14273: 14272: 14265: 14264: 14263: 14249: 14242: 14241: 14240: 14238:Amazonian Jews 14235: 14214: 14196: 14191: 14183: 14181: 14173: 14172: 14154: 14153: 14146: 14139: 14131: 14123: 14122: 14095:(2): 113–125. 14079: 14056:(2): 151–161. 14050:Genet Mol Biol 14036: 14017: 13998: 13972: 13943:(5): 702–705. 13923: 13896:(6): 824–834. 13879: 13842:(5): 674–680. 13822: 13796: 13773:10.1086/303004 13767:(2): 444–461. 13747: 13721: 13692: 13673:(2): e61–e63. 13653: 13620:10.1086/644532 13614:(6): 787–819. 13594: 13566: 13555:on 6 July 2011 13536: 13468: 13450: 13388: 13377:on 22 May 2014 13352: 13334:(2): 127–132, 13318: 13291:(4): 496–506. 13274: 13248: 13188: 13162: 13118: 13086: 13054: 13024: 12994: 12968: 12936: 12910: 12885: 12879:978-0942257700 12878: 12860: 12853: 12835: 12805: 12771: 12735: 12704: 12682: 12660: 12634: 12608: 12574: 12541: 12511: 12481: 12464:Cmjornal.xl.pt 12451: 12421: 12391: 12360: 12334: 12307: 12281: 12255: 12226: 12200: 12174: 12163:on 31 May 2016 12148: 12122: 12093: 12063: 12026: 11988: 11962: 11941:. p. 53. 11920: 11894: 11864: 11842: 11809: 11790: 11770: 11744: 11718: 11711: 11693: 11666: 11640: 11628: 11609: 11590: 11564: 11538: 11523:. uol.com.br. 11512: 11505: 11485: 11459: 11433: 11407: 11379: 11353: 11327: 11316:on 23 May 2008 11301: 11271: 11245: 11212: 11182: 11134: 11108: 11082: 11036: 11007: 10998: 10972: 10946: 10920: 10890: 10864: 10855: 10842:(1): 173–202. 10822: 10789: 10754: 10723: 10693: 10663: 10637: 10607: 10590:derStandard.at 10576: 10550: 10523: 10514: 10505: 10475: 10440: 10423:Ethnologue.com 10410: 10393:Ethnologue.com 10380: 10350: 10321: 10312: 10279: 10254: 10228: 10202: 10170: 10140: 10114: 10088: 10056: 10033: 10008: 9973: 9938: 9919: 9897: 9886:on 6 July 2011 9871: 9845: 9834: 9812: 9786: 9760: 9734: 9708: 9679: 9644: 9607: 9596:on 28 May 2009 9574: 9565: 9534: 9508: 9475: 9449: 9416: 9397: 9375: 9338: 9308: 9244: 9209: 9183: 9166:Cheflaszlo.com 9149: 9116: 9081: 9048: 9017: 8978: 8948: 8919: 8900: 8880: 8847: 8815: 8783: 8757: 8731: 8698: 8665: 8633: 8598: 8591: 8568: 8533: 8504: 8469: 8460: 8430: 8404: 8387: 8368: 8348: 8336: 8313:10.1086/316931 8287: 8257: 8227: 8189: 8163: 8128: 8091: 8052: 8021: 8014: 7991: 7978: 7907: 7877: 7812: 7775:(5): 674–680. 7755: 7697: 7688: 7662: 7647:(1/2): 51–71. 7624: 7589: 7569: 7555: 7551:20160824185036 7526: 7491: 7487:20160824185122 7462: 7436: 7407: 7394: 7381: 7368: 7355: 7335: 7322: 7308: 7291: 7267: 7251: 7225: 7192: 7166: 7106: 7100: 7057: 7021: 6985: 6955: 6909: 6851: 6816: 6797: 6768: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6735: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6698: 6697: 6683: 6667: 6664: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6636: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6611: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6595: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6575: 6572: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6533: 6532: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6513: 6510: 6507: 6501: 6500: 6497: 6494: 6491: 6485: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6431: 6430: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6415: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6405: 6399: 6398: 6395: 6392: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6379: 6376: 6373: 6367: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6321: 6320: 6317: 6314: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6298: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6285: 6282: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6241: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6183: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6173: 6167: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6144: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6131: 6128: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6077: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6060: 6059: 6056: 6053: 6050: 6047: 6043: 6042: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6000: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5979: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5958: 5957: 5954: 5951: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5879: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5735: 5734: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5715:September 2017 5699: 5697: 5690: 5684: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5672: 5662: 5652: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5618: 5617: 5611: 5605: 5599: 5593: 5587: 5584:Pedras Grandes 5581: 5575: 5543:Santa Catarina 5534: 5531: 5497: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5477: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5421: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5395: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5356: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5330: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5286:Espírito Santo 5282: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5222: 5221: 5218: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5200:Santa Catarina 5196: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5183: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5164: 5161:Espírito Santo 5158: 5152: 5146: 5140: 5134: 5131:Santa Catarina 5128: 5122: 5119:Rio de Janeiro 5116: 5110: 5104: 5094: 5093: 5085: 5084: 5078: 5072: 5066: 5060: 5026: 5025: 5019: 5016:Espírito Santo 5013: 5007: 5001: 4998:Rio de Janeiro 4995: 4989: 4983: 4977: 4974:Santa Catarina 4971: 4949:Santa Catarina 4928: 4925: 4903: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4887: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4869: 4866: 4860: 4859: 4851: 4848: 4842: 4841: 4833: 4830: 4824: 4823: 4815: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4797: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4779: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4761: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4743: 4740: 4734: 4733: 4725: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4693: 4690: 4651:Gustavo Endres 4616:Robert Scheidt 4519: 4518:Notable people 4516: 4507:Main article: 4504: 4501: 4497:Western Europe 4378:Main article: 4375: 4372: 4347:Main article: 4332: 4329: 4325:Rita Lee Jones 4292:Rio de Janeiro 4219: 4216: 4202:Charles Miller 4146: 4143: 4055: 4052: 4044:"Mūsų Lietuva" 4001:Main article: 3998: 3995: 3979:Main article: 3964: 3961: 3932:Main article: 3929: 3926: 3913:Main article: 3910: 3907: 3879:Santa Catarina 3808: 3805: 3779:Brazilians of 3769:Main article: 3766: 3763: 3751:Main article: 3748: 3745: 3719:In 1818, King 3713:Rio de Janeiro 3697:Main article: 3694: 3691: 3648:Mallet, Paraná 3607:Main article: 3604: 3601: 3578:Santa Catarina 3571:Espírito Santo 3559:Rio de Janeiro 3551:Santa Catarina 3532:Danube Swabian 3528:Dreizehnlinden 3428:About 260,000 3420:city hall, in 3379: 3376: 3348:About 720,000 3335: 3332: 3328:Emilia Romagna 3231:Main article: 3228: 3225: 3184:Rio de Janeiro 3135:Main article: 3132: 3129: 3119: 3118: 3115: 3110: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3079: 3074: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3061: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3043: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3024:Main ancestry 3022: 3019: 2997:in 1866, when 2723:Czechoslovakia 2695:Emilia-Romagna 2627: 2624: 2623: 2622: 2615: 2608: 2606: 2595: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2576: 2574: 2567: 2560: 2558: 2552: 2545: 2543: 2537: 2530: 2528: 2518: 2511: 2497:Getúlio Vargas 2464:Santa Catarina 2439: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2157: 2156: 2153: 2118: 2117: 2110: 2107: 1898: 1895: 1887:Dutch invasion 1824:Rio de Janeiro 1815:, governor of 1787: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1656:Modesto Brocos 1626: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1567:Rio de Janeiro 1546: 1543: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1536: 1529: 1527: 1519: 1518: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1490: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1448: 1441: 1439: 1434:Rio de Janeiro 1431: 1430: 1423: 1301: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 994: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 965: 964: 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 940: 936: 935: 932: 929: 926: 923: 920: 917: 914: 911: 907: 906: 903: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 879: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 850: 849: 846: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 821: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 792: 791: 788: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 763: 762: 759: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 734: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 705: 704: 701: 698: 695: 692: 689: 686: 683: 680: 676: 675: 672: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 647: 646: 643: 640: 637: 634: 631: 628: 625: 622: 618: 617: 614: 611: 606: 599: 592: 587: 582: 577: 508: 507: 504: 500: 499: 496: 492: 491: 488: 484: 483: 480: 473: 472: 469: 456:Rio de Janeiro 388:Main article: 385: 382: 378:Espírito Santo 370:Rio de Janeiro 358:Santa Catarina 280: 279: 222: 221: 217: 216: 207: 206: 202: 201: 198: 196:Santa Catarina 185: 184: 181: 168: 167: 164: 162:Rio de Janeiro 151: 150: 147: 134: 133: 130: 117: 116: 113: 100: 99: 88: 87: 83: 82: 59: 58: 54: 53: 50: 31: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15953: 15942: 15939: 15937: 15934: 15933: 15931: 15916: 15915: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15895: 15892: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15844: 15841: 15839: 15836: 15834: 15831: 15830: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15794: 15793:One-drop rule 15791: 15790: 15789: 15786: 15785: 15783: 15781: 15776: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15743: 15740: 15738: 15735: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15715: 15713: 15710: 15709: 15708: 15705: 15704: 15702: 15698: 15692: 15689: 15687: 15684: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15637: 15634: 15631: 15627: 15624: 15623: 15621: 15615: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15603: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15572: 15569: 15565: 15564: 15560: 15558: 15557: 15553: 15552: 15551: 15550: 15546: 15544: 15543: 15539: 15537: 15534: 15532: 15529: 15528: 15526: 15522: 15512: 15511: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15499:New Caledonia 15497: 15495: 15494: 15490: 15489: 15487: 15485: 15481: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15469: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15442: 15438: 15436: 15433: 15431: 15428: 15426: 15425: 15421: 15420: 15418: 15416: 15415:South America 15412: 15406: 15403: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15393: 15389: 15385: 15382: 15381: 15380: 15379: 15375: 15373: 15372: 15368: 15366: 15363: 15359: 15358:San Francisco 15356: 15354: 15351: 15350: 15349: 15348: 15344: 15343: 15342: 15341: 15340:United States 15337: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15284: 15280: 15278: 15277: 15273: 15271: 15268: 15266: 15263: 15261: 15260: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15240: 15238: 15236:North America 15234: 15228: 15225: 15224: 15222: 15218: 15212: 15209: 15207: 15204: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15167: 15164: 15162: 15159: 15157: 15154: 15152: 15149: 15148: 15146: 15144: 15140: 15137: 15133: 15129: 15122: 15119: 15118: 15115: 15111: 15104: 15099: 15097: 15092: 15090: 15085: 15084: 15081: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15057: 15054: 15053: 15052: 15049: 15047: 15044: 15042: 15039: 15037: 15034: 15033: 15031: 15027: 15009: 15008:Luxembourgian 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14988: 14984: 14980: 14978: 14975: 14974: 14972: 14968: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14923: 14921: 14917: 14911: 14908: 14906: 14903: 14901: 14898: 14896: 14893: 14892: 14890: 14886: 14880: 14877: 14875: 14872: 14870: 14867: 14866: 14864: 14860: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14825: 14823: 14819: 14816: 14810: 14804: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14794: 14791: 14789: 14785: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14754: 14751: 14749: 14746: 14744: 14741: 14739: 14736: 14735: 14734: 14731: 14729: 14726: 14725: 14723: 14719: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14707: 14703: 14697: 14694: 14692: 14689: 14687: 14684: 14682: 14679: 14678: 14676: 14672: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14644: 14641: 14640: 14639: 14636: 14634: 14631: 14629: 14626: 14624: 14621: 14620: 14618: 14614: 14611: 14605: 14598: 14595: 14594: 14592: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14579: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14559: 14556: 14554: 14551: 14549: 14546: 14544: 14541: 14539: 14536: 14534: 14531: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14515: 14513: 14511: 14510:South America 14507: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14468: 14464: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14439: 14437: 14435: 14431: 14426: 14423: 14421: 14418: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14403: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14393: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14385:North America 14383: 14380: 14376: 14370: 14369: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14351: 14349: 14344: 14338: 14335: 14334: 14332: 14327: 14319: 14316: 14315: 14314: 14313: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14288: 14280: 14279: 14275: 14271: 14270: 14266: 14262: 14261: 14257: 14256: 14255: 14254: 14250: 14248: 14247: 14243: 14239: 14236: 14234: 14233: 14229: 14228: 14227: 14226: 14222: 14221: 14220: 14219: 14215: 14213: 14212: 14208: 14207: 14206: 14205: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14189: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14178: 14174: 14170: 14166: 14152: 14147: 14145: 14140: 14138: 14133: 14132: 14129: 14118: 14114: 14110: 14106: 14102: 14098: 14094: 14090: 14089:Ann Hum Genet 14083: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14055: 14051: 14047: 14040: 14032: 14028: 14021: 14013: 14009: 14002: 13986: 13982: 13976: 13968: 13964: 13960: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13942: 13938: 13934: 13927: 13919: 13915: 13911: 13907: 13903: 13899: 13895: 13891: 13883: 13875: 13871: 13867: 13863: 13858: 13857:11368/2837176 13853: 13849: 13845: 13841: 13837: 13829: 13827: 13810: 13806: 13800: 13792: 13788: 13783: 13778: 13774: 13770: 13766: 13762: 13758: 13751: 13736:on 2 May 2012 13735: 13731: 13725: 13709: 13705: 13704: 13696: 13688: 13684: 13680: 13676: 13672: 13668: 13665:population". 13660: 13658: 13641: 13637: 13633: 13629: 13625: 13621: 13617: 13613: 13609: 13605: 13598: 13579: 13573: 13571: 13554: 13550: 13546: 13540: 13524: 13520: 13516: 13512: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13495:(2): 187–92. 13494: 13490: 13486: 13479: 13477: 13475: 13473: 13464: 13460: 13454: 13446: 13442: 13437: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13418: 13414: 13411:(1): 177–82. 13410: 13406: 13402: 13395: 13393: 13373: 13366: 13359: 13357: 13349: 13345: 13341: 13337: 13333: 13329: 13322: 13314: 13310: 13306: 13302: 13298: 13294: 13290: 13286: 13278: 13262: 13258: 13252: 13244: 13240: 13236: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13217: 13212: 13208: 13204: 13203:PLOS Genetics 13200: 13192: 13176: 13172: 13166: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13125: 13123: 13103: 13096: 13090: 13071: 13064: 13058: 13042: 13038: 13034: 13028: 13012: 13008: 13004: 12998: 12982: 12978: 12972: 12953: 12946: 12940: 12924: 12920: 12919:"2010 Census" 12914: 12899: 12895: 12889: 12881: 12875: 12871: 12864: 12856: 12854:9780047960420 12850: 12846: 12839: 12823: 12819: 12815: 12809: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12781: 12775: 12768: 12756: 12752: 12751: 12746: 12739: 12723: 12719: 12715: 12708: 12700: 12696: 12692: 12686: 12678: 12674: 12670: 12664: 12648: 12644: 12638: 12622: 12618: 12612: 12596: 12592: 12588: 12584: 12578: 12562: 12558: 12557: 12552: 12545: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12515: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12485: 12469: 12465: 12461: 12455: 12439: 12435: 12431: 12425: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12395: 12379: 12375: 12371: 12364: 12348: 12344: 12338: 12322: 12318: 12311: 12295: 12291: 12285: 12269: 12265: 12259: 12243: 12239: 12236: 12230: 12214: 12210: 12204: 12188: 12184: 12178: 12162: 12158: 12152: 12136: 12132: 12126: 12110: 12106: 12105: 12097: 12081: 12077: 12073: 12067: 12048: 12041: 12035: 12033: 12031: 12014: 12010: 12006: 11999: 11997: 11995: 11993: 11976: 11972: 11966: 11959: 11944: 11940: 11939: 11931: 11924: 11908: 11904: 11898: 11882: 11878: 11874: 11868: 11861: 11857: 11854: 11853: 11846: 11830: 11826: 11822: 11821: 11813: 11797: 11793: 11791:9780857454676 11787: 11783: 11782: 11774: 11758: 11754: 11748: 11732: 11728: 11722: 11714: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11681: 11677: 11670: 11654: 11650: 11644: 11635: 11633: 11616: 11612: 11610:9788535242560 11606: 11602: 11601: 11594: 11578: 11574: 11568: 11552: 11548: 11542: 11526: 11522: 11516: 11508: 11502: 11498: 11497: 11489: 11473: 11469: 11463: 11447: 11443: 11437: 11421: 11417: 11411: 11395: 11391: 11390: 11383: 11367: 11363: 11357: 11341: 11337: 11331: 11315: 11311: 11305: 11289: 11285: 11281: 11275: 11259: 11255: 11249: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11219: 11217: 11200: 11196: 11192: 11186: 11179: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11138: 11122: 11118: 11112: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11078: 11072: 11053: 11046: 11040: 11033: 11021: 11017: 11011: 11002: 10986: 10982: 10976: 10960: 10956: 10950: 10934: 10930: 10924: 10908: 10904: 10900: 10894: 10878: 10874: 10868: 10859: 10850: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10826: 10817: 10812: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10793: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10765: 10758: 10742: 10738: 10734: 10727: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10697: 10681: 10677: 10673: 10667: 10651: 10647: 10641: 10625: 10621: 10617: 10611: 10595: 10591: 10587: 10580: 10564: 10560: 10554: 10546: 10542: 10538: 10534: 10527: 10518: 10509: 10493: 10489: 10488:Lume.ufrgs.br 10485: 10479: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10449: 10447: 10445: 10428: 10424: 10420: 10414: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10384: 10368: 10364: 10360: 10354: 10338: 10334: 10328: 10326: 10316: 10300: 10296: 10292: 10291: 10283: 10275: 10269: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10216: 10212: 10206: 10187: 10180: 10174: 10158: 10154: 10153:Brasil.gov.br 10150: 10144: 10128: 10124: 10118: 10102: 10098: 10092: 10073: 10066: 10060: 10045: 10044: 10037: 10022: 10018: 10012: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9984: 9977: 9961: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9942: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9901: 9885: 9881: 9875: 9859: 9855: 9849: 9843: 9838: 9822: 9816: 9800: 9796: 9790: 9774: 9770: 9764: 9748: 9744: 9738: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9684: 9667: 9663: 9659: 9653: 9651: 9649: 9632: 9628: 9624: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9612: 9595: 9591: 9587: 9581: 9579: 9569: 9553: 9549: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9522: 9518: 9512: 9496: 9492: 9486: 9484: 9482: 9480: 9463: 9459: 9453: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9423: 9421: 9404: 9400: 9398:9788574750231 9394: 9390: 9389: 9382: 9380: 9363: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9345: 9343: 9331: 9327: 9326:Cchla.ufpb.br 9319: 9312: 9304: 9298: 9279: 9275: 9268: 9261: 9259: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9240: 9236: 9232: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9197: 9193: 9187: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9156: 9154: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9123: 9121: 9104: 9100: 9094: 9092: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9055: 9053: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9024: 9022: 9005: 9001: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8983: 8971: 8967: 8966:Cchla.ufpb.br 8959: 8952: 8936: 8932: 8926: 8924: 8907: 8903: 8897: 8893: 8892: 8884: 8865: 8858: 8851: 8832: 8825: 8819: 8800: 8793: 8787: 8771: 8767: 8761: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8726: 8721: 8718:(1): 95–131. 8717: 8713: 8709: 8702: 8693: 8688: 8685:(77): 47–62. 8684: 8680: 8676: 8669: 8650: 8643: 8637: 8618: 8611: 8605: 8603: 8594: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8575: 8573: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8544: 8537: 8530: 8524: 8520: 8517: 8513: 8508: 8492: 8489:(12): 53–78. 8488: 8484: 8480: 8473: 8464: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8434: 8418: 8414: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8375: 8371: 8369:9788523706333 8365: 8361: 8360: 8352: 8343: 8341: 8332: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8291: 8275: 8271: 8270:Lume.ufrgs.br 8267: 8261: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8231: 8224: 8207: 8200: 8193: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8137: 8135: 8133: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8040: 8036: 8034: 8025: 8017: 8015:0-521-36585-6 8011: 8007: 8006: 7998: 7996: 7988: 7982: 7974: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7939:(2): e17063. 7938: 7934: 7930: 7922: 7920: 7918: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7895: 7891: 7887: 7881: 7873: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7845: 7841: 7838:(9): e75145. 7837: 7833: 7829: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7791: 7790:11368/2837176 7786: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7770: 7762: 7760: 7750: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7704: 7702: 7692: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7631: 7629: 7609: 7602: 7596: 7594: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7574: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7552: 7540: 7536: 7530: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7502: 7495: 7488: 7476: 7472: 7466: 7450: 7446: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7412: 7404: 7398: 7391: 7385: 7378: 7372: 7365: 7359: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7340: 7332: 7326: 7318: 7312: 7301: 7295: 7284: 7277: 7271: 7263: 7262: 7255: 7239: 7235: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7196: 7180: 7176: 7170: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7126:(1): 177–82. 7125: 7121: 7117: 7110: 7103: 7101:0-691-11866-3 7097: 7093: 7089: 7085: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7066: 7064: 7062: 7042: 7038: 7031: 7025: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6990: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6959: 6951: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6925: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6905: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6863: 6855: 6848: 6836: 6835: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6801: 6785: 6781: 6775: 6773: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6743: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6694:Europe portal 6684: 6681: 6680:Brazil portal 6670: 6663: 6661: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6608: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6539: 6530: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6514: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6502: 6498: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6482: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6437: 6428: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6406: 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5357: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5296: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5186: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5099: 5098: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5059:: 21.4% white 5058: 5055: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5040:, notably in 5039: 5035: 5031: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4970:: 78.4% white 4969: 4966: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4938: 4933: 4922:(2010 census) 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4897: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4843: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4825: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4807: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4789: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4735: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4697: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4682:Roland Garros 4679: 4676:and three at 4675: 4671: 4666: 4664: 4663:Murilo Endres 4660: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4645:in 2013. The 4644: 4640: 4639:Oscar Schmidt 4636: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4593:Xuxa Meneghel 4590: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4523: 4515: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4486: 4481: 4477: 4475: 4471: 4470:New Amsterdam 4467: 4463: 4459: 4456:, located in 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4426:Sephardi Jews 4423: 4419: 4411: 4406: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4350: 4342: 4337: 4328: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4296:Norris Colony 4293: 4289: 4285: 4280: 4278: 4277:Pedro II 4275: 4271: 4266: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4215: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4196:proceeded to 4194: 4190: 4185: 4183: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4151: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4065: 4060: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4033: 4028: 4027:populations. 4026: 4021: 4014: 4009: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3982: 3974: 3969: 3960: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3900: 3897:– 1889), and 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3848: 3842: 3840: 3832: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3814: 3804: 3802: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3759:Luxembourgian 3754: 3747:Luxembourgers 3744: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3709:Nova Friburgo 3705: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3661: 3660:Austrian rule 3657: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3600: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3491:(part of the 3490: 3489:Luxembourgish 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3375: 3373: 3368: 3366: 3363:and 23% from 3362: 3357: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3302:or Veneto in 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3239: 3234: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3188:urban centers 3185: 3181: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3147: 3143: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3106: 3105:Dom Feliciano 3103: 3102: 3098: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3069:Prudentópolis 3067: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2879:Caxias do Sul 2875: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2860:Volga Germans 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2831: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2816:Novo Hamburgo 2813: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2725:), Latvians, 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2651:Novo Hamburgo 2647: 2632: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2592: 2587: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2524:Caxias do Sul 2521: 2515: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2492: 2490: 2484: 2481: 2480:acculturation 2476: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2449: 2444: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2383: 2380: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 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1005: 1002: 999: 996: 995: 991: 988: 985: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 966: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 941: 938: 937: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 918: 915: 912: 910:Race or Color 909: 908: 904: 902: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 880: 876: 873: 870: 867: 864: 861: 858: 855: 852: 851: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 822: 818: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 793: 789: 786: 783: 780: 777: 774: 771: 768: 765: 764: 760: 757: 754: 751: 748: 745: 742: 739: 736: 735: 731: 728: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 706: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 681: 678: 677: 673: 670: 667: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 648: 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 619: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 600: 598: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576:Race or Color 575: 574: 568: 565: 561: 559: 555: 550: 545: 542: 537: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 481: 479: 474: 470: 467: 466: 460: 457: 453: 452:Latin America 449: 448:one drop rule 445: 444:United States 438: 433: 427: 422: 416: 412: 408: 401: 396: 391: 381: 379: 375: 371: 367: 364:(64.6%), and 363: 359: 355: 350: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 323: 321: 316: 314: 310: 305: 301: 297: 293: 286: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 250: 246: 243:2.9%, Other ( 242: 238: 234: 233:Protestantism 228: 223: 218: 215: 214: 208: 203: 199: 197: 192: 186: 182: 180: 175: 169: 165: 163: 158: 152: 148: 146: 141: 135: 131: 129: 124: 118: 114: 112: 107: 101: 98: 94: 89: 84: 73: 69: 60: 55: 48: 43: 40: 30: 19: 15912: 15855:White ethnic 15769:White monkey 15676:White savior 15646:White flight 15626:Acting white 15617:Sociological 15600: 15561: 15556:Peninsulares 15554: 15547: 15540: 15508: 15491: 15466: 15439: 15434: 15422: 15390: 15376: 15369: 15345: 15338: 15281: 15274: 15257: 15196:South Africa 15120: 15110:White people 15041:Colonization 14910:Scandinavian 14802: 14796:By ethnicity 14686:East Indians 14643:in São Paulo 14599:(East Asian) 14590:By ethnicity 14402:Confederados 14400: 14329:West Africa 14310: 14299:By ethnicity 14276: 14268: 14259: 14252: 14245: 14230: 14223: 14217: 14210: 14202: 14186: 14092: 14088: 14082: 14053: 14049: 14039: 14030: 14027:Braz J Genet 14026: 14020: 14011: 14008:Interciência 14007: 14001: 13989:. 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