2348:
activities and usage at home and the community. In addition, the
Southern Tutchone Tribal Council held its first language conference "Kakwaddhin – Marking the Trail" in 1996, in order to review language programs and draft long and short term strategic plans. This led to successful programs, including the "Following your Grandfather trail" camp in Klukshu in 1997. Nowadays there are varied programs offered in the Yukon to continue the language revitalization efforts, such as the Southern Tutchone Language Immersion program for adults. In 2018, The Champagne and Aishihik First Nation began a two-year Southern Tutchone immersion program, for adults with prior knowledge to the language. The program is under development and is the first of its kind in the Yukon Territory.
2306:
276:
254:
2326:
is the
Southern Tutchone textbook and audio, made by Margaret Workman, a native Southern Tutchone speaker. This information, along with other multimedia Southern Tutchone language learning and documentation resources, is currently available through the YNLC. In addition, in 1994 the Ta'an Kwach'an Council took part in an oral history and language preservation project, in which traditions, genealogy, and more information was documented.
25:
242:
2335:
Elias
Community School in Haines Junction also offers Southern Tutchone language classes to students from K-12: one teacher handles K-4, another grades 5-12. In addition, the Yukon Native Language Center provides support for schools in regards to language learning, such the "Dakeyi – Our Country" program which is focused on high school students. In 2009, kindergarten classes in
2404:
2347:
There have been ongoing community collaborations across the Yukon in regards to
Southern Tutchone, with varied camps, workshops, and programs. For example, in 1995 and 1996, the Kluane First Nations participated in the sessions of "Working Together to Pass it on", a workshop meant to promote language
2325:
The Yukon Native
Language Center (YNLC) describes information in regards to Southern Tutchone documentation and literacy, starting from the 1970s such as stories and songs, as well as a basic noun dictionary and language lessons. After 1984, there have been additional literacy workshops. One example
2334:
Tutchone language classes have been taught in Yukon schools since the early 1980s. Southern
Tutchone language classes are included in the curriculum for students grades K-12 in schools at Kluane Lake, and three elementary schools in Whitehorse have language programs for Southern Tutchone. The St.
320:, Southern and Northern. Although they are sometimes considered separate languages, Northern and Southern Tutchone speakers are generally able to understand each other in conversation, albeit with moderate difficulty.
2784:
2441:
Krauss, M. E. and V. Golla. (1981). Northern
Athapaskan Languages. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 6: Subarctic, ed. by June Helm, 67–85. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
2694:
2380:, an annual multi-disciplinary arts and culture festival, has been held in Whitehorse. Celebrating First Nations arts and culture, with a specific focus on Yukon First Nations,
4007:
46:
40:
2317:, as its speaker population is shifting rapidly to English. In a 2011 census, Northern Tutchone was reported to have 210 speakers, and Southern Tutchone 140 speakers.
2723:
2792:
340:
2428:
2735:
2702:
2643:
2890:
3354:
2370:
285:
264:
4012:
2844:
4022:
4017:
1339:
541:
4002:
3981:
1674:
1369:
876:
571:
2832:
2820:
2739:
1840:
1543:
1042:
745:
3130:
3096:
2883:
2679:
2500:
1553:
755:
3977:
3347:
2512:
1757:
959:
1684:
1379:
886:
581:
3432:
2633:
Yukon First
Nations Education Resources. (2015). First Nations programs & partnerships. Web. www.yesnet.yk.ca
1924:
1118:
151:
3912:
3480:
3062:
3237:
3232:
3217:
2907:
2876:
1897:
1767:
969:
170:
3836:
3816:
3340:
1944:
1828:
1664:
1359:
1138:
1030:
866:
561:
3958:
3722:
1887:
1716:
1533:
1089:
918:
735:
4032:
4027:
1961:
1818:
1652:
1349:
1155:
1020:
854:
551:
2654:
2377:
3382:
3077:
1747:
1696:
1513:
949:
898:
715:
2770:
2990:
1907:
1101:
123:
119:
3796:
3732:
3247:
1735:
1391:
937:
593:
367:
3490:
3067:
3964:
3943:
3679:
3285:
2336:
1779:
1620:
1606:
1594:
1523:
1219:
981:
822:
808:
796:
725:
421:
336:
328:
51:
3202:
2995:
2970:
1296:
1284:
1207:
498:
486:
409:
363:
317:
3545:
3116:
3948:
3760:
3649:
3472:
3437:
3399:
2899:
2853:
1270:
472:
297:
165:
3505:
2948:
2927:
157:
8:
3953:
3917:
3593:
3462:
3363:
2959:
2841:
2314:
1565:
1482:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1430:
1226:
767:
684:
672:
662:
652:
642:
632:
428:
375:
34:
3927:
3862:
3704:
3641:
3626:
3495:
3417:
3412:
3263:
3011:
2985:
2943:
1214:
416:
316:. Tutchone belongs to the Northern Athabaskan linguistic subfamily and has two primary
2309:
Stop sign altered to include
Southern Tutchone text as part of a revitalization effort
232:
3907:
3857:
3712:
3694:
3689:
3669:
3664:
3616:
3110:
3021:
2755:
2508:
2422:
1934:
1258:
1238:
1128:
460:
440:
391:
The consonants and vowels of
Northern Tutchone and their orthography are as follows:
352:
305:
301:
3902:
3892:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3791:
3786:
3776:
3742:
3684:
3631:
3578:
3540:
3485:
3447:
3407:
3377:
3308:
3188:
3165:
3158:
3072:
3046:
2965:
1202:
404:
332:
2537:
3897:
3887:
3882:
3841:
3750:
3717:
3674:
3621:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3560:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3500:
3452:
3442:
3242:
3195:
3182:
3103:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3016:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2305:
1278:
1233:
480:
435:
371:
324:
143:
3510:
2953:
2863:
2858:
3831:
3781:
3755:
3654:
3515:
3457:
3323:
3300:
3268:
3146:
3026:
2922:
344:
3996:
3821:
3427:
3422:
3152:
1869:
1789:
1706:
1575:
1492:
1401:
1071:
991:
908:
777:
694:
603:
2624:. (pp. 96-110). Whitehorse, YT, Canada: Yukon Aboriginal Languages Services.
3922:
3826:
3583:
2475:
2451:
2356:
1411:
613:
348:
3727:
2829:
2817:
2575:
2551:
215:
208:
3568:
1881:
1864:
1802:
1083:
1066:
1004:
359:
1973:
Vowels are differentiated for nasalization and high, mid, and low tone.
1167:
Vowels are differentiated for nasalization and high, mid, and low tone.
3659:
2868:
2366:
1874:
1076:
3332:
3573:
2606:
1955:
1918:
1639:
1326:
1149:
1112:
841:
528:
225:
199:
2386:, in the Southern Tutchone language, means 'coming into the light'.
275:
253:
1251:
453:
1321:
523:
281:
Northern Tutchone is classified as Definitely Endangered by the
260:
Southern Tutchone is classified as Critically Endangered by the
2729:
313:
282:
261:
241:
98:
309:
108:
2864:
OLAC resources in and about the Southern Tutchone language
2859:
OLAC resources in and about the Northern Tutchone language
2403:
Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (28 March 2018).
2339:
began learning Southern Tuchone in a bi-cultural program.
2680:"Southern Tutchone Language Immersion Program for Adults"
2644:"Launch of Southern Tutchone Bi-cultural School Program"
2476:"Did you know Northern Tutchone is severely endangered?"
2452:"Did you know Southern Tutchone is severely endangered?"
358:
Northern Tutchone is spoken in the Yukon communities of
323:
Southern Tutchone is spoken in the Yukon communities of
2381:
2360:
2282:
2275:
2263:
2256:
2244:
2237:
2225:
2218:
2206:
2199:
2187:
2180:
2168:
2161:
2149:
2142:
2130:
2123:
2111:
2104:
2092:
2085:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2016:
1993:
85:
78:
2365:" (Grandfather song), sung in Northern Tuchone, won a
2818:
Yukon Native Language Center : Northern Tutchone
2620:
Metcalf, B., Dr. Gardner, L. & Netro, G. (1999).
4008:
Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic
2043:The comparison of some words in the two languages:
32:It has been suggested that this article should be
308:First Nations in central and southern regions of
3994:
2695:"Jerry Alfred & the Medicine Beat Etsi Shon"
2854:Freelang Tutchone (Southern)-English dictionary
2830:Native Language Center : Southern Tutchone
2736:Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences
2692:
3348:
2884:
2716:
2505:Handbook of North American Indians: Subarctic
2320:
2427:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2677:
2507:. Government Printing Office. p. 493.
3355:
3341:
2891:
2877:
252:
240:
2498:
2300:
2898:
2304:
2038:
286:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
274:
265:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
3362:
2342:
16:Athabaskan language spoken in the Yukon
3995:
2601:Yukon Native Language Center, (n.d.).
2402:
3336:
2872:
2616:
2614:
2597:
2595:
2351:
1199:
401:
1184:
386:
18:
13:
2611:
2607:http://www.ynlc.ca/stutchone.shtml
2592:
14:
4044:
4013:First Nations languages in Canada
2811:
1960:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1906:
1896:
1886:
1839:
1827:
1817:
1788:
1778:
1766:
1756:
1746:
1734:
1715:
1705:
1695:
1683:
1673:
1663:
1651:
1619:
1605:
1593:
1574:
1564:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1491:
1481:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1439:
1429:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1295:
1283:
1154:
1137:
1127:
1117:
1100:
1088:
1041:
1029:
1019:
990:
980:
968:
958:
948:
936:
917:
907:
897:
885:
875:
865:
853:
821:
807:
795:
776:
766:
754:
744:
734:
724:
714:
693:
683:
671:
661:
651:
641:
631:
612:
602:
592:
580:
570:
560:
550:
540:
497:
485:
2313:Tutchone is considered to be an
1980:High tone: í, ú, ǘ, é, ä́ , ó, á
1977:Nasalized: į, ų, ų̈, ę, ą̈, ǫ, ą
23:
4023:Definitely endangered languages
4018:Critically endangered languages
2842:First Voices: Southern Tutchone
2777:
2686:
2671:
2636:
2627:
2527:Cruikshank, Julie. 1991. p. xvi
1189:
2568:
2544:
2530:
2521:
2492:
2468:
2444:
2435:
2396:
1:
4003:Northern Athabaskan languages
2693:Lynn Van Matre (1966-08-01).
2651:Yukon Government News Release
2499:McClellan, Catharine (1978).
2389:
1983:Mid tone: ī, ū, ǖ, ē, ǟ, ō, ā
1174:High tone: í, ú, é, ä́ , ó, á
394:
3837:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
2653:. 2009-10-15. Archived from
2329:
1171:Nasalized: į, ų, ę, ą̈, ǫ, ą
381:
7:
3959:Plains Indian Sign Language
1987:
1854:
47:Southern Tutchtone language
41:Northern Tutchtone language
10:
4049:
3810:Pidgins, creoles and mixed
2405:"Aboriginal Mother Tongue"
2361:
2321:Literacy and documentation
1177:Mid tone: ī, ū, ē, ǟ, ō, ā
3974:
3936:
3850:
3809:
3769:
3741:
3703:
3640:
3592:
3559:
3471:
3398:
3391:
3370:
3317:
3299:
3277:
3256:
3225:
3216:
3175:
3138:
3129:
3088:
3055:
3004:
2936:
2915:
2906:
2785:"Adäka Cultural Festival"
2297:² Pelly Crossing dialect
1959:
1801:
1638:
1320:
1277:
1237:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1153:
1056:
1003:
840:
522:
479:
439:
434:
427:
420:
415:
408:
403:
251:
239:
223:
197:
192:
140:
130:
114:
104:
94:
77:
72:
3817:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
3056:Central British Columbia
2382:
2378:Adäka Cultural Festival
2283:
2276:
2264:
2257:
2245:
2238:
2226:
2219:
2207:
2200:
2188:
2181:
2169:
2162:
2150:
2143:
2131:
2124:
2112:
2105:
2093:
2086:
2074:
2067:
2061:
2017:
1994:
86:
79:
3982:Canadian dictionaries
3965:Maritime Sign Language
3944:American Sign Language
3433:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
3089:Other North Athabaskan
2724:"Juno Awards Database"
2310:
2301:Revitalization efforts
2028:Pelly Crossing dialect
290:
136:360 (2016 census)
3978:Canadian style guides
3139:California Athabaskan
3097:Kwalhioqua–Clatskanie
2371:Best Aboriginal Album
2308:
2295:¹ Big Salmon dialect
2039:Vocabulary comparison
278:
219: – Northern
212: – Southern
38:into articles titled
3949:Quebec Sign Language
3392:Indigenous languages
2937:Central Alaska–Yukon
2900:Athabaskan languages
2576:"Tutchone, Southern"
2552:"Tutchone, Northern"
2480:Endangered Languages
2456:Endangered Languages
2343:Community engagement
1518:⟨tth’⟩
720:⟨tth’⟩
3918:Pennsylvania German
3364:Languages of Canada
3005:Northwestern Canada
2795:on 11 November 2016
2705:on December 3, 2013
2622:We Are Our Language
2409:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2315:endangered language
2034:White River dialect
1794:⟨ghw⟩
1711:⟨khw⟩
1580:⟨kw’⟩
1558:⟨ch’⟩
1548:⟨tl’⟩
1538:⟨ts’⟩
1435:⟨tth⟩
1344:⟨ddh⟩
1196:
996:⟨ghw⟩
913:⟨khw⟩
782:⟨kw’⟩
760:⟨ch’⟩
750:⟨tl’⟩
740:⟨ts’⟩
637:⟨tth⟩
546:⟨ddh⟩
298:Athabaskan language
171:Northern Athabaskan
3954:Inuk Sign Language
3913:Newfoundland Irish
3878:Tagalog (Filipino)
3851:Minority languages
3723:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala
3481:Babine-Witsuwitʼen
3371:Official languages
3063:Babine–Witsuwitʼen
2847:2015-09-24 at the
2835:2019-05-23 at the
2823:2019-05-23 at the
2605:. Retrieved from:
2373:category in 1996.
2352:In popular culture
2311:
2025:Big Salmon dialect
1784:⟨gh⟩
1772:⟨zh⟩
1740:⟨dh⟩
1701:⟨kh⟩
1689:⟨sh⟩
1657:⟨th⟩
1625:⟨nj⟩
1611:⟨nd⟩
1599:⟨mb⟩
1570:⟨k’⟩
1528:⟨t’⟩
1497:⟨kw⟩
1475:⟨ch⟩
1465:⟨tl⟩
1455:⟨ts⟩
1406:⟨gw⟩
1374:⟨dl⟩
1364:⟨dz⟩
1194:
1180:Low tone: unmarked
986:⟨gh⟩
974:⟨zh⟩
942:⟨dh⟩
903:⟨kh⟩
891:⟨sh⟩
859:⟨th⟩
827:⟨nj⟩
813:⟨nd⟩
801:⟨mb⟩
772:⟨k’⟩
730:⟨t’⟩
699:⟨kw⟩
677:⟨ch⟩
667:⟨tl⟩
657:⟨ts⟩
608:⟨gw⟩
576:⟨dl⟩
566:⟨dz⟩
291:
4033:Southern Tutchone
4028:Northern Tutchone
3990:
3989:
3908:Doukhobor Russian
3805:
3804:
3330:
3329:
3324:extinct languages
3295:
3294:
3212:
3211:
3196:Upper Rogue River
3189:Lower Rogue River
3176:Oregon Athabaskan
3125:
3124:
2981:Southern Tutchone
2976:Northern Tutchone
2763:External link in
2678:CBC News Canada.
2603:Southern Tutchone
2293:
2292:
2270:your (pl.) house
2213:your (sg.) house
1971:
1970:
1966:⟨a⟩
1949:⟨o⟩
1939:⟨ä⟩
1929:⟨e⟩
1912:⟨u⟩
1902:⟨ü⟩
1892:⟨i⟩
1852:
1851:
1845:⟨w⟩
1833:⟨r⟩
1823:⟨y⟩
1762:⟨l⟩
1752:⟨z⟩
1729:
1721:⟨h⟩
1679:⟨ł⟩
1669:⟨s⟩
1646:
1590:
1507:
1487:⟨k⟩
1445:⟨t⟩
1424:
1416:⟨ʼ⟩
1396:⟨g⟩
1384:⟨j⟩
1354:⟨d⟩
1333:
1301:⟨n⟩
1289:⟨m⟩
1273:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1185:Southern Tutchone
1165:
1164:
1160:⟨a⟩
1143:⟨o⟩
1133:⟨ä⟩
1123:⟨e⟩
1106:⟨u⟩
1094:⟨i⟩
1054:
1053:
1047:⟨w⟩
1035:⟨r⟩
1025:⟨y⟩
964:⟨l⟩
954:⟨z⟩
931:
923:⟨h⟩
881:⟨ł⟩
871:⟨s⟩
848:
792:
709:
689:⟨k⟩
647:⟨t⟩
626:
618:⟨ʼ⟩
598:⟨g⟩
586:⟨j⟩
556:⟨d⟩
535:
503:⟨n⟩
491:⟨m⟩
475:
468:
463:
456:
449:
387:Northern Tutchone
306:Southern Tutchone
273:
272:
124:Southern Tutchone
120:Northern Tutchone
68:
67:
4040:
3903:Hutterite German
3396:
3395:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3334:
3333:
3309:Proto-Athabaskan
3257:Eastern Apachean
3226:Western Apachean
3223:
3222:
3136:
3135:
3078:Southern Carrier
2916:Southern Alaskan
2913:
2912:
2893:
2886:
2879:
2870:
2869:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2791:. Archived from
2781:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2738:. Archived from
2732:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2701:. Archived from
2690:
2684:
2683:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2659:
2648:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2625:
2618:
2609:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2426:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2400:
2385:
2364:
2363:
2286:
2279:
2267:
2260:
2248:
2241:
2229:
2222:
2210:
2203:
2191:
2184:
2172:
2165:
2153:
2146:
2134:
2127:
2115:
2108:
2096:
2089:
2077:
2070:
2064:
2046:
2045:
2020:
2002:Aishihik dialect
1997:
1967:
1964:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1913:
1910:
1903:
1900:
1893:
1890:
1859:
1858:
1846:
1843:
1834:
1831:
1824:
1821:
1795:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1773:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1741:
1738:
1727:
1722:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1690:
1687:
1680:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1658:
1655:
1644:
1626:
1623:
1612:
1609:
1600:
1597:
1588:
1581:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1519:
1516:
1505:
1498:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1476:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1456:
1453:
1446:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1407:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1365:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1331:
1302:
1299:
1290:
1287:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1245:
1197:
1193:
1161:
1158:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1107:
1104:
1095:
1092:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1045:
1036:
1033:
1026:
1023:
997:
994:
987:
984:
975:
972:
965:
962:
955:
952:
943:
940:
929:
924:
921:
914:
911:
904:
901:
892:
889:
882:
879:
872:
869:
860:
857:
846:
828:
825:
814:
811:
802:
799:
790:
783:
780:
773:
770:
761:
758:
751:
748:
741:
738:
731:
728:
721:
718:
707:
700:
697:
690:
687:
678:
675:
668:
665:
658:
655:
648:
645:
638:
635:
624:
619:
616:
609:
606:
599:
596:
587:
584:
577:
574:
567:
564:
557:
554:
547:
544:
533:
504:
501:
492:
489:
471:
466:
459:
452:
447:
399:
398:
368:Stewart Crossing
288:
267:
256:
246:Speaker location
244:
235:
218:
211:
202:
146:
89:
82:
70:
69:
63:
60:
27:
26:
19:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4037:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3970:
3932:
3898:Canadian Gaelic
3846:
3801:
3797:Coast Tsimshian
3765:
3737:
3699:
3636:
3588:
3555:
3467:
3387:
3366:
3361:
3331:
3326:
3313:
3291:
3278:Plains Apachean
3273:
3252:
3208:
3171:
3121:
3084:
3051:
3000:
2991:Upper Kuskokwim
2932:
2902:
2897:
2849:Wayback Machine
2837:Wayback Machine
2825:Wayback Machine
2814:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2743:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2708:
2706:
2699:Chicago Tribune
2691:
2687:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2619:
2612:
2600:
2593:
2584:
2582:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2515:
2497:
2493:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2376:Since 2011 the
2354:
2345:
2337:Haines Junction
2332:
2323:
2303:
2296:
2041:
2008:Klukshu dialect
1990:
1965:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1911:
1901:
1891:
1857:
1844:
1832:
1822:
1793:
1783:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1739:
1720:
1710:
1700:
1688:
1678:
1668:
1656:
1624:
1610:
1598:
1579:
1569:
1557:
1547:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1496:
1486:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1434:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1325:
1300:
1288:
1228:
1221:
1209:
1192:
1187:
1159:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1105:
1093:
1059:
1046:
1034:
1024:
995:
985:
973:
963:
953:
941:
922:
912:
902:
890:
880:
870:
858:
826:
812:
800:
781:
771:
759:
749:
739:
729:
719:
698:
688:
676:
666:
656:
646:
636:
617:
607:
597:
585:
575:
565:
555:
545:
527:
502:
490:
430:
423:
411:
397:
389:
384:
337:Haines Junction
329:Burwash Landing
289:
280:
269:
268:
259:
247:
231:
214:
213:
207:
206:
198:
188:
162:Athabaskan–Eyak
147:
144:Language family
142:
133:
132:Native speakers
84:
64:
58:
55:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
3988:
3987:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3937:Sign languages
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3832:Chinook Jargon
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3733:Nuu-chah-nulth
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3477:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3360:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3337:
3328:
3327:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3301:Proto-language
3297:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3248:Western Apache
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3070:
3065:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2881:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2839:
2827:
2813:
2812:External links
2810:
2807:
2806:
2776:
2715:
2685:
2670:
2635:
2626:
2610:
2591:
2567:
2543:
2529:
2520:
2513:
2491:
2467:
2443:
2434:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2302:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2232:his/her house
2230:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2185:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2090:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2071:
2057:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2012:
2011:Kluane dialect
2009:
2006:
2005:Tàaʼan dialect
2003:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1786:
1776:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1693:
1691:
1681:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1603:
1601:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1467:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1205:
1200:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
988:
978:
976:
966:
956:
946:
944:
934:
932:
926:
925:
915:
905:
895:
893:
883:
873:
863:
861:
851:
849:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
819:
817:
815:
805:
803:
793:
787:
786:
784:
774:
764:
762:
752:
742:
732:
722:
712:
710:
704:
703:
701:
691:
681:
679:
669:
659:
649:
639:
629:
627:
621:
620:
610:
600:
590:
588:
578:
568:
558:
548:
538:
536:
531:
520:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
495:
493:
483:
477:
476:
469:
464:
457:
450:
444:
443:
438:
433:
426:
419:
414:
407:
402:
396:
393:
388:
385:
383:
380:
364:Pelly Crossing
300:spoken by the
279:
271:
270:
258:
257:
249:
248:
245:
237:
236:
229:
221:
220:
203:
195:
194:
193:Language codes
190:
189:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
152:Dené–Yeniseian
150:
148:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
95:Native to
92:
91:
75:
74:
66:
65:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4045:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3822:Broken Slavey
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3286:Plains Apache
3283:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Pacific Coast
3128:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2887:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
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53:
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36:
30:
21:
20:
3976:
3963:
3923:Plautdietsch
3584:Inuvialuktun
3550:
3319:
3284:
3203:Upper Umpqua
3201:
3194:
3187:
3164:
3157:
3145:
3109:
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3095:
2996:Upper Tanana
2980:
2975:
2971:Lower Tanana
2958:
2797:. Retrieved
2793:the original
2789:Travel Yukon
2788:
2779:
2744:. Retrieved
2740:the original
2727:
2718:
2707:. Retrieved
2703:the original
2698:
2688:
2673:
2662:. Retrieved
2655:the original
2650:
2638:
2629:
2621:
2602:
2583:. Retrieved
2579:
2570:
2559:. Retrieved
2555:
2546:
2532:
2523:
2504:
2494:
2483:. Retrieved
2479:
2470:
2459:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2437:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2398:
2375:
2357:Jerry Alfred
2355:
2346:
2333:
2324:
2312:
2294:
2289:their house
2284:kwäkų̀/kukų̀
2042:
2031:Mayo dialect
2014:
1991:
1972:
1589:prenasalized
1166:
791:prenasalized
390:
376:Beaver Creek
357:
349:Lake Laberge
322:
293:
292:
224:
175:
56:
45:
39:
33:
3761:Assiniboine
3650:Bella Coola
3569:Inuinnaqtun
3012:Dene Suline
2799:13 November
2766:|work=
1803:Approximant
1195:Consonants
1005:Approximant
312:Territory,
3997:Categories
3660:Halkomelem
3473:Athabaskan
3463:Potawatomi
3400:Algonquian
3233:Chiricahua
2960:Holikachuk
2944:Deg Hitʼan
2746:20 January
2709:2012-11-27
2664:2012-11-27
2585:2017-11-01
2580:Ethnologue
2561:2017-11-01
2556:Ethnologue
2501:"Tutchone"
2485:2017-11-01
2461:2017-11-01
2414:2018-05-22
2390:References
2367:Juno Award
2251:our house
2015:Northern (
1992:Southern (
1190:Consonants
395:Consonants
353:Whitehorse
166:Athabaskan
90:(Northern)
83:(Southern)
3928:Ukrainian
3863:Cantonese
3728:Kwakʼwala
3627:Tuscarora
3594:Iroquoian
3574:Inuktitut
3546:Tsuutʼina
3496:Chipewyan
3491:Chilcotin
3418:Blackfoot
3413:Algonquin
3322:indicate
3264:Jicarilla
3238:Mescalero
3117:Tsuutʼina
3068:Chilcotin
2986:Tanacross
2362:Etsi Shon
2330:Education
2194:my house
2144:łénínchʼi
2052:Southern
2049:Northern
1645:voiceless
1640:Fricative
1423:aspirated
1327:Affricate
847:voiceless
842:Fricative
625:aspirated
529:Affricate
382:Phonology
341:Kloo Lake
333:Champagne
318:varieties
226:Glottolog
200:ISO 639-3
115:Ethnicity
59:July 2024
3858:Mandarin
3713:Ditidaht
3705:Wakashan
3695:Thompson
3690:Squamish
3680:shíshálh
3670:Okanagan
3665:Lillooet
3642:Salishan
3617:Onondaga
3551:Tutchone
3506:Gwichʼin
3218:Southern
3111:Tsetsaut
2949:Gwichʼin
2928:Denaʼina
2908:Northern
2845:Archived
2833:Archived
2821:Archived
2756:cite web
2423:cite web
2125:tadechʼi
2055:meaning
1988:Dialects
1506:ejective
1252:sibilant
1222:alveolar
1215:Alveolar
708:ejective
454:sibilant
424:alveolar
417:Alveolar
372:Carmacks
325:Aishihik
302:Northern
294:Tutchone
233:tutc1236
176:Tutchone
122:, 1,400
73:Tutchone
3893:Italian
3873:Spanish
3868:Punjabi
3792:Tlingit
3787:Kutenai
3777:Beothuk
3685:Shuswap
3675:Saanich
3632:Wyandot
3579:Inupiaq
3541:Tahltan
3486:Carrier
3448:Naskapi
3438:Miꞌkmaq
3408:Abenaki
3378:English
3320:Italics
3166:Wailaki
3159:Mattole
3047:Tahltan
3022:Dunneza
2966:Koyukon
2369:in the
2163:hulákʼo
2151:dùkʼwän
2094:łä̀chʼi
2018:Dän kʼí
1995:Dän kʼè
1870:Central
1322:Plosive
1259:lateral
1239:Glottal
1072:Central
524:Plosive
461:lateral
441:Glottal
345:Klukshu
205:Either:
158:Na-Dené
126:; 2007)
87:Dän kʼí
80:Dän kʼè
52:discuss
3888:German
3883:Arabic
3842:Michif
3827:Bungee
3751:Stoney
3743:Siouan
3718:Haisla
3622:Seneca
3612:Oneida
3607:Mohawk
3602:Cayuga
3536:Tagish
3531:Slavey
3526:Sekani
3521:Nicola
3501:Dogrib
3458:Ottawa
3453:Ojibwe
3443:Munsee
3383:French
3243:Navajo
3183:Tolowa
3104:Nicola
3073:Dakelh
3042:Tagish
3037:Slavey
3032:Sekani
3017:Dogrib
2511:
2277:huukúm
2201:ninkúm
2170:kä̀jän
2137:three
2068:łyok ²
1855:Vowels
1728:voiced
1271:labial
1227:Retro-
1210:dental
1208:Inter-
1203:Labial
1057:Vowels
930:voiced
473:labial
429:Retro-
412:dental
410:Inter-
405:Labial
374:, and
351:, and
314:Canada
296:is an
283:UNESCO
262:UNESCO
105:Region
99:Canada
3782:Haida
3770:other
3756:Sioux
3655:Comox
3561:Inuit
3516:Kaska
3269:Lipan
3027:Kaska
2923:Ahtna
2658:(PDF)
2647:(PDF)
2383:Adäka
2265:dákų̀
2258:dàkúm
2246:dákų̀
2239:dàkúm
2189:ä́kų̀
2175:five
2156:four
2132:tayke
2113:łä̀ki
2106:łä́ki
2080:fish
1865:Front
1332:plain
1279:Nasal
1265:plain
1246:plain
1234:Velar
1220:Post-
1067:Front
534:plain
481:Nasal
467:plain
448:plain
436:Velar
422:Post-
310:Yukon
109:Yukon
35:split
3428:Innu
3423:Cree
3153:Hupa
3147:Kato
2801:2016
2771:help
2748:2012
2509:ISBN
2429:link
2359:'s "
2227:ukų̀
2220:ukúm
2208:nkų̀
2182:èkúm
2118:two
2099:one
2087:łígī
2062:łu ¹
1882:High
1875:Back
1229:flex
1084:High
1077:Back
431:flex
360:Mayo
304:and
44:and
3511:Hän
2954:Hän
1956:Low
1919:Mid
1621:ⁿdʒ
1576:kʷʼ
1554:tʃʼ
1544:tɬʼ
1534:tsʼ
1514:tθʼ
1493:kʷʰ
1471:tʃʰ
1461:tɬʰ
1451:tsʰ
1431:tθʰ
1150:Low
1113:Mid
823:ⁿdʒ
778:kʷʼ
756:tʃʼ
746:tɬʼ
736:tsʼ
716:tθʼ
695:kʷʰ
673:tʃʰ
663:tɬʰ
653:tsʰ
633:tθʰ
216:ttm
209:tce
54:)
50:. (
3999::
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2758:}}
2754:{{
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2075:łu
2065:~
2021:)
1998:)
1790:ɣʷ
1707:xʷ
1607:ⁿd
1595:ᵐb
1566:kʼ
1524:tʼ
1483:kʰ
1441:tʰ
1402:kʷ
1380:tʃ
1370:tɬ
1360:ts
1340:tθ
992:ɣʷ
909:xʷ
809:ⁿd
797:ᵐb
768:kʼ
726:tʼ
685:kʰ
643:tʰ
604:kʷ
582:tʃ
572:tɬ
562:ts
542:tθ
378:.
370:,
366:,
362:,
355:.
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
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1962:a
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1898:ɨ
1888:i
1841:w
1829:ɻ
1819:j
1780:ɣ
1768:ʒ
1758:ɮ
1748:z
1736:ð
1717:h
1697:x
1685:ʃ
1675:ɬ
1665:s
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1412:ʔ
1392:k
1350:t
1324:/
1297:n
1285:m
1156:a
1139:o
1129:ə
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1102:u
1090:i
1043:w
1031:ɻ
1021:j
982:ɣ
970:ʒ
960:ɮ
950:z
938:ð
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887:ʃ
877:ɬ
867:s
855:θ
614:ʔ
594:k
552:t
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499:n
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61:)
57:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
