420:
375:
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are associated with the kingdom. Uri, the early capital, was at the meeting point of two major trade routes. It is certain that
Egyptian merchants traded with the Tunjur people. Caravan routes and earlier river based routes through
243:
migration to the region. The states possibly coexisted for some time, with Tunjur rule in the north and Daju rule in the south, before the Tunjur people managed to replace the earlier dynasty completely. The lands ruled by the
230:
Local chronicles claim that the founder of the Tunjur dynasty became a "king in the island of Sennar". Origins of the Tunjur state are not well known. It is known that the Tunjur kingdom replaced an earlier
394:
superseded the Tunjur around the 1650s. A story about a dynastic link between Keira and Tunjur dynasties involving Ahmad al-Maqur is known. Tunjur rule in Wadai ended when a local dynasty of
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after the migration had finished. No trace of their own language exists. All of the Tunjur oral tradition is attributed in an unusual manner to a single person called Shau Dorsid.
180:
166:
141:
838:
Spaulding, Jay (2010). "The Iron King: A Reconsideration of the Tunjur". In Jay
Spaulding; Stephanie Beswick; Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban; Richard A. Lobban, Jr. (eds.).
321:, remained insignificant until the late 16th century. No material remains for Islamization are known from the preceding Daju dynasty's period.
307:
40:
378:
Central-East Africa after collapse of the Tunjur
Kingdom. Lands ruled by the Tunjur dynasty were divided between states of Wadai and Darfur.
878:
847:
805:
778:
751:
724:
654:
618:
591:
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was adopted as a court religion. The king however, probably, held a divine status. The city was built in Fur architecture.
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allowed long-distance trade. The kingdom exported slaves, gold, camels, rhinoceros horn, ivory, ostrich feathers,
871:
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revolted, expelled and replaced them. The Tunjur kingdom may have ceased to exist as early as in 1611 or 1635.
239:
migrated from north to the Darfur region in the fifteenth century. Their migration represents a second known
61:
712:
1119:
1114:
864:
683:"Palaces in the Mountains: An Introduction to the Archaeological Heritage of the Sultanate of Darfur"
476:
401:
A branch of the Tunjur dynasty in Wadai was also overthrown by an alliance of the Arabs and the
993:
943:
741:
714:
644:
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Eventually, the Tunjur people assimilated to a large decree into other peoples of the region.
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608:
483:
477:"The Stone Monuments and Antiquities of the Jebel Marra Region, Darfur, Sudan c.1000–1750 AD"
547:
968:
948:
903:
713:
Timothy Insoll; Professor of
African and Islamic Archaeology Timothy Insoll (3 July 2003).
354:. Trade was, according to Egyptian sources, under close royal control. Unlike in the newly-
306:, the first Muslim building in Darfur, possibly built around the year 1200, at the city of
793:
330:
8:
933:
383:
159:
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was common in the region, and the Tunjur also engaged in enslavement of other peoples.
770:
Encyclopedia of
African History and Culture: From conquest to colonization (1500-1850)
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443:
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The role of Islam in the region ruled over by the Tunjur kingdom, and earlier the
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1048:
1043:
794:
Sharon Barnes; Asma
Mohamed Abdel Halim; Mohamed Ibrahim Nugud (20 August 2013).
768:
438:
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333:. Capitals of the kingdom were in northern Darfur. The cities of Uri and
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was organized for the newly-organized state, long-range trade began, and
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273:
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which was the first capital of the kingdom. This may indicate that
265:
549:
In Darfur: An
Account of the Sultanate and Its People, Volume One
240:
825:
O'Fahey, R. S. (1980). "The Tunjur: A central
Sudanic mystery".
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changed drastically due to the influence of the Tunjur dynasty.
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By the early 16th century the Tunjur kingdom ruled Darfur and
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The Nile: An
Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture
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253:
198:
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632:
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362:, it is unclear if the Tunjur kingdom was a Muslim state.
797:
Slavery in the Sudan: History, Documents, and
Commentary
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689:(15). Sudan Archaeological Research Society: 132–136
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The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary
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298:Tunjur architecture drew influence from Berber and
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706:
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545:
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739:
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643:R.S. O'Fahey; J.L. Spaulding (4 October 2016).
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716:The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa
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743:The Nubian Past: An Archaeology of the Sudan
532:
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719:. Cambridge University Press. p. 128.
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586:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 570.
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222:between the 15th and early 17th centuries.
879:
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649:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 113–114.
272:. They claimed heritage from the tribe of
837:
606:
507:
505:
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842:. Cambridge Scholars. pp. 163–176.
760:
566:
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382:The Tunjur kingdom was succeeded by the
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276:. However, they were initially entirely
610:Studies in the History of the Near East
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295:was partially adopted as a religion.
252:, and their influence extended into
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13:
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461:
14:
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840:Sudan's Wars and Peace Agreements
740:David N. Edwards (29 July 2004).
546:Muhammad al-Tunisi (8 May 2018).
512:John A. Shoup III (12 May 2017).
358:and briefly dynastically related
324:
418:
225:
178:
164:
139:
475:McGregor, Andrew James (2000).
773:. Facts on File. p. 277.
1:
607:P.M. Holt (28 October 2013).
454:
107:
62:Traditional African religions
29:
800:. Springer. pp. 51–52.
7:
580:James Stuart Olson (1996).
411:
10:
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746:. Routledge. p. 266.
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894:
613:. Routledge. p. 70.
518:. ABC-CLIO. p. 190.
302:styles. There is a stone
264:The Tunjur were probably
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79:
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36:
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552:. NYU Press. p. 9.
248:are within contemporary
827:Sudan Notes and Records
767:Willie F. Page (2001).
386:(Keira Sultanate). The
268:Berbers, and spoke the
218:precolonial kingdom in
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103:• Disestablished
646:Kingdoms of the Sudan
484:University of Toronto
377:
48:Common languages
681:A. McGregor (2011).
384:Sultanate of Darfur
160:Sultanate of Darfur
93:• Established
1004:Mahdiyya caliphate
380:
370:End of the dynasty
1120:Sahelian kingdoms
1115:History of Darfur
1102:
1101:
888:Sahelian kingdoms
849:978-1-4438-2321-0
807:978-1-137-28603-1
780:978-0-8160-4472-6
753:978-1-134-20087-0
726:978-0-521-65702-0
687:Sudan & Nubia
656:978-1-315-45111-4
620:978-1-136-27331-5
593:978-0-313-27918-8
559:978-1-4798-4663-4
525:978-1-4408-4041-8
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360:Wadai Empire
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319:Daju dynasty
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289:Corvée labor
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235:, after the
233:Daju kingdom
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174:Wadai Empire
147:Daju kingdom
129:Succeeded by
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994:Kanem–Bornu
944:Futa Jallon
396:Maba people
283:Society in
124:Preceded by
1109:Categories
1069:Toucouleur
969:Great Fulo
455:References
390:and their
388:Fur people
348:gum arabic
274:Banu Hilal
72:Government
1089:Wassoulou
949:Futa Toro
356:islamized
335:Ain Farah
58:Religion
833:: 47–60.
412:See also
344:tamarind
266:Arabized
216:Sahelian
75:Monarchy
1059:Songhai
1044:Shilluk
1014:Massina
904:Bagirmi
693:21 June
490:20 June
364:Slavery
260:Culture
80:History
43:(early)
37:Capital
1074:Tunjur
1064:Takrur
1054:Sokoto
1039:Sennar
1034:Saloum
984:Kaarta
934:Darfur
924:Dagbon
909:Bamana
899:Alodia
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434:Alodia
352:natron
304:mosque
285:Darfur
241:Berber
220:Africa
214:was a
83:
52:Arabic
28:1400s–
1084:Wadai
1079:Waalo
1029:Niumi
1024:Niani
989:Kaabu
979:Jolof
964:Gobir
959:Ghana
939:Dendi
919:Cayor
480:(PDF)
340:Nubia
331:Wadai
312:Islam
293:Islam
278:pagan
250:Sudan
203:Sudan
110:1650s
97:1400s
66:Islam
32:1650s
1094:Wuli
1049:Sine
1009:Mali
999:Kong
929:Daju
914:Baol
844:ISBN
802:ISBN
775:ISBN
748:ISBN
721:ISBN
695:2018
651:ISBN
615:ISBN
588:ISBN
554:ISBN
520:ISBN
492:2018
403:Maba
350:and
300:Tora
254:Chad
210:The
199:Chad
954:Gao
308:Uri
41:Uri
1111::
831:61
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703:^
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494:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.