1237:
20:
1309:
1178:
1321:
334:
1412:
1285:
251:
1218:
1206:
764:
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820:
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832:, rather than brick veneer. Some were equipped with modern sanitary equipment, and natural lighting became a key concern. Developments are typically laid out with a main, trunk lane, with houses arranged along branch lanes leading from the trunk lane. With the advent of motor cars, the trunk lanes were usually built wide enough to accommodate cars. Instead of one lane with one or two rows of houses, new style shikumen were typically developed in large blocks. Standard triangular gables and party walls replaced the more elaborate
1400:
673:; the main hall uses floor-to-ceiling windows; decorative boards below eaves; and grid windows on the side wings. However, in contrast to later shikumen buildings, the gates of early period shikumen were not elaborately decorated, and were simply framed in stone. In terms of layout, the shikumen of this period were arranged in lanes of about 3 metres wide - narrower than later buildings - and the attention to orientation, and organization of trunk lanes and branch lanes, both features of later shikumen, were also absent.
320:
623:
604:
1015:
440:, and further afield, there was dramatically increased demand for housing in the concessions. "Second landlords" used increasingly creative ways to sub-divide rooms and build add-ons and lean-tos in the courtyards and on the terraces. Shikumen residences became known for being crowded and disorderly. It was not uncommon for a single shikumen residence to be inhabited by dozens of families. A famous satirical comedy of the time, set in one of these houses, was called "
4215:
1364:
612:
1340:
40:
468:, featured more than 20 money lenders. Often, traders would use the ground floor rooms for storage, and live in the upper floors. Chemical and dye dealers were common. Even light industry was found within shikumen communities, such as sock factories and cosmetics factories. Even more common (and common even today in surviving and renovated shikumen lanes) are grocers, restaurants, inns and bath houses.
1388:
52:
1004:
527:
housing stock by area in
Shanghai. While constructions of new residential buildings decreased this percentage over time, most shikumen neighbourhoods remained unchanged in their crowded state until economic reforms in the 1980s and 90s began the wave of demolition and reconstruction which, by the early 21st century, has left only a few shikumen developments intact. In
1059:), located on South Shanxi Road, is a typical old type shikumen development despite being built in the 1930s. The neighbourhood includes 87 two-storey brick veneer residences with a red brick exterior. The trunk lane is about 2.5 wide, and there are numerous branch lanes. The lanes are noted for their main gateways, modeled after traditional Chinese
374:, designers increased the width of lanes between terraces, but the width of each dwelling decreased - from a three-bay hall and two side wings (as was standard in the 19th century) to a two-bay or one-bay hall, and one side wing. Decorations became more elaborate: the main doors of the houses acquired the characteristic elaborate lintels, featuring
1041:, located on Xinzha Road. This late period old type shikumen development occupied 4.66 hectares, with 48,000 square metres of floor space. There were a total of 706 residences of two or three storeys. Most of these buildings were one-bay wide, without modern sanitary equipment. The house gates were noted for intricate
230:
had a courtyard, and the
Shikumen was no exception. Yet, to compromise with its urban nature, it was much smaller and provided an interior haven to the commotions in the streets, allowing for raindrops to fall and vegetation to grow freely within a residence. The courtyard also allowed sunlight and
126:
The term 石库门 is derived from the
Shanghainese dialect 石箍门, 箍 meaning "to frame or encase." 石箍门 referred to the characteristically "stone-framed door" of the tenement houses. At the height of their popularity, there were 9,000 shikumen-style buildings in Shanghai, comprising 60% of the total housing
276:
drove more migrants and refugees into
Shanghai. With the upsurge in demand, property developers began to build a large number of residential buildings for the new Chinese residents of the city. At first, these tended to be wooden buildings that were cheap and quick to build. These wooden buildings
354:
Shikumen residences had a much smaller footprint than traditional courtyard residences, and were accessed by narrow lanes. They were also cheaper to build than
Western-style houses. Although more expensive to build than the wooden terraces they replaced, they were sturdier and so attracted higher
559:
The defining characteristic of a shikumen building is the prominent main gate - which also gives rise to the name "shikumen". Typically, this gate is located on the central axis of each dwelling, with twin doors made of heavy wood, painted glossy black. Typical width is around 1.4 metres, with a
526:
that followed it. After the end of the war 1949, shikumen construction ceased completely, replaced with planned construction of residential buildings on collectivist principles. In the early 1950s, it was calculated that there were more than 9000 shikumen buildings, comprising 65% of residential
1030:, built in 1872, was regarded as a characteristic old type shikumen development. It was located on East Beijing Road, and composed of 24 two-storey residences, which varied in size between three-bay wide and five-bay wide styles. The main lane was 107.5 metres long, and the end walls featured
531:
alone, it has been calculated that shikumen residences had decreased from 2.68 million square metres in 1949, to 0.25 million square metres by the late 1990s. The forced demolition of crowded and stable shikumen communities gave rise to controversies, such as a 2005 incident where a developer
390:
encouraged the development of smaller, but better equipped, "new type" shikumen. "New type" shikumen were three storeys tall instead of two, and were equipped with modern sanitary equipment. Great emphasis was placed on natural lighting, with most shikumen orientated towards the south, and an
775:
Late period shikumen were mostly built between 1910 and 1919. The three-bay wide frontage with two side wings was reduced to one- or two-bay wide, with one side wing. The back courtyard was reduced, but more attention was paid to natural lighting, and the laneways were widened. More
Western
391:
internal staircase skylight or atrium to supplement the front and back courtyards. Developments became larger, with a trunk lane leading off the street, and branch lanes leading off the trunk lane. Cars became more popular, so the trunk lanes were typically designed to accommodate cars.
653:
for load-bearing walls. The houses possessed walls of equal height at the front and back, so that each dwelling (despite being part of a terrace) was an enclosed whole, separated from the outside world. This made them popular with the upper end of the residential property market.
827:
New type shikumen were typically built from 1919 to the 1930s. They were also called "reformed style" shikumen residences. The main structural difference between new type and old type shikumen is that new style buildings are three storeys high. They were built of
844:
Each dwelling was one to two bays wide. Two-bay wide houses "inherited" only one side wing, while one-bay wide houses discarded wings completely. Stairs became less steep. The new second floor typically contained bedrooms, along with a front and a back terrace
735:
instead). At the back of the back courtyard are back buildings, usually used as the kitchen, toilet and storage room. On the whole, each dwelling preserved the main features required for traditional
Chinese day-to-day living, while saving the land required.
638:
Early period old type shikumen were built between 1869 and 1910. They retained more of the style of traditional
Chinese houses, but with a much condensed footprint. There are typically 3 to 5 bays to each dwelling, and two storeys. They used the traditional
1086:), also heritage protected. A new type development located on West Jianguo Road and Yueyang Road, the development is composed of 260 residences, all of which are two storey red brick buildings. This development is noted for its use of traditionally Chinese
874:) or "pergola room", located above the kitchen and below the terrace. This was typically small, with low ceilings, and faced north, making it the least attractive room in the house. They were usually used for storage, or as living quarters for servants.
263:
This style of housing originally developed when local developers adapted
Western-style terrace houses to Chinese conditions. Migrant labourers from surrounding provinces entered Shanghai in large numbers with the establishment of Shanghai as a
432:)). "Second landlords" often lived in the same shikumen residence with their tenants. The phenomenon blossomed after the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War: with refugees rushing into the unoccupied concessions from the Chinese zones in
840:
styles, with concrete tops. Exposed brick was used for external walls. The main gate frame also switched from stone to brick and painted stone cladding. The architectural style became far more
Westernised overall.
159:), and some can still be seen there today. Shikumen terraces can even be found as far afield as Beijing, where the two shikumen lanes Huakang Li and Tai’an Li, dating from the 1920s, are undergoing restoration.
367:
and Chinese zones, and came to become the predominant form of residential construction in Shanghai. The high profit attracted a whole swathe of property companies to enter the shikumen market.
556:, while the new type prevailed from after the First World War until the development of shikumen ceased after 1949. Old type shikumen is further divided into an early period and a late period.
953:
1122:, which has been redeveloped for small businesses with an artistic bent, while largely preserving the fabric of the buildings. All of these redevelopment projects have been controversial.
607:
An old image of Xingren Li (street front buildings pictured), a typical early old type shikumen development from the early period, Lane 120, Ningbo Road, Huangpu District. Photoed in 1872.
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authorities in Shanghai. However, with a burgeoning property development market in Shanghai, developers adapted these wooden terraces into the Shikumen. They used the traditional Chinese "
2869:
1107:
2863:
586:". Each individual dwelling displays typical characteristics of traditional Jiangnan architecture, while the layout of the development as a whole is adopted from Western
4080:
552:
Architectural historians classify shikumen into two types, the "old type" and the "new type". The old type was predominantly built from the 1860s until the end of the
657:
The early period shikumen also possessed more features of traditional Chinese architecture: on the external façade of the terrace there are often typically Chinese
3137:
28:
731:), which is about half the size of the front courtyard. The well, which provided water for the house, was located here (though later houses were connected to
704:). This large room typically has an area of about 12 square metres, and is used like a modern sitting room or living room. On either side of the hall are the
464:
developments. These include money lenders, traders, scribes, factories, entertainment venues and even schools. For example, one larger shikumen development,
3123:
1114:, is another heritage protected shikumen precinct, which is now being renovated to become "shikumen hotels". Other re-developed shikumen precincts include
776:
architectural details found favour: bannisters, doors and windows, staircase, pillar capitals and arch buttresses all used Western decorative styles. The
4090:
1308:
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1236:
948:
The first part of the name typically derives from one of three sources. The first kind takes the name of the freeholder or related party: for example
4140:
4125:
4009:
1090:
gables, and arched doorways. In 2003, the original residents were relocated, and the buildings were somewhat controversially renovated to become
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1411:
1111:
410:
It was common for families who could not afford the rent on a whole house to sub-let some of the rooms. They were known as "second landlords" (
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1707:
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1665:
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of the main gate also became increasingly elaborate, decorated with semicircular archivolts, triangular pediments or rectangular architraves.
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3984:
2826:
312:" technique of wooden frame and load-bearing brick veneer construction, and for each residence used the traditional three-sided courtyard or
1694:
399:
The heyday of the "new type" shikumen was in the 1920s. From the 1930s they were replaced by newer building types, including newer types of
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4014:
3786:
1930:
1320:
4065:
4181:
2924:
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1284:
4024:
3849:
2887:
2796:
1551:
783:
Late period old type shikumen are far better preserved than early period examples. Representative examples include the west and east
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height of around 2.8 metres. The doors usually possess brass or iron knockers. The original documented name for such buildings was "
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1177:
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3514:
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Shikumen houses were also introduced to other port cities in China. For example, many were built in the foreign concessions of
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architecture" was recognised by the Chinese government on the national non-physical cultural heritage register (no. VIII-210).
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1577:
1049:
due to the influx of refugees in the Second Sino-Japanese War. The entire neighbourhood was razed progressively in 2012–2014.
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Although designed to be residential, other types of enterprises often operated from shikumen buildings as well, hidden within
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3697:
2882:
2761:
1615:
4186:
3097:
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175:, distinguished by high brick walls enclosing a narrow front yard. The name "stone gate" references these strong gateways.
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2714:
2110:
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1873:
1205:
19:
3742:
3274:
2892:
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1559:
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937:, "village"). The first two are traditional suffixes for names of urban precincts, in common use since at least the
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3538:
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3259:
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residences, and large apartment buildings. Commercial property development in Shanghai virtually ceased during the
227:
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4120:
3519:
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2781:
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1189:
484:
209:
102:
1248:
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before 1949. Gambling and opium dens commonly appeared in shikumen neighbourhoods, along with fortune tellers.
71:
55:
Shikumen buildings in the process of demolition in 2007 – a fate that has befallen many buildings of this type.
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370:
From the 1910s, various innovations were made to the shikumen in response to social change. With a burgeoning
4070:
4034:
3642:
3376:
3249:
2997:
2678:
995:
The names are typically inscribed, along with the year of construction, on the arch above the lane entrance.
333:
63:
3305:
1351:
1260:
4249:
4191:
4145:
4095:
4004:
3295:
2811:
2734:
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Most early period old style shikumen have been demolished or rebuilt. Representative examples include the
4075:
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2987:
1399:
4130:
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3300:
3113:
3012:
2821:
2801:
2709:
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1428:
992:, is both phonetically similar to the French name and has an auspicious meaning of "stepping upwards".
480:
360:
2363:
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is named after the nearby Temple to the Bao'an Situ. The third type uses an auspicious words: such as
250:
4110:
3712:
3228:
3211:
3186:
3054:
2992:
763:
4155:
4115:
4029:
3732:
3707:
3572:
3468:
3458:
3414:
3196:
3176:
2917:
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2683:
2668:
2516:
2506:
2191:
2139:
2105:
2003:
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resorted to arson to persuade residents to leave, resulting in the death of two elderly residents.
404:
514:
By the late 1930s, shikumen buildings were already on their way out, overtaken by newer styles of
4150:
3960:
3555:
3504:
3463:
3223:
3077:
2947:
2838:
2771:
2627:
2120:
1458:
795:, built in 1915. One of the few old type shikumen developments to be preserved largely intact is
472:
3233:
2409:
222:
The shikumen is a cultural blend of the elements found in Western architecture with traditional
3932:
3424:
3361:
2982:
2848:
2663:
2658:
2597:
2521:
1866:
3169:
2316:
3796:
3781:
3632:
2843:
2653:
2617:
2592:
2561:
2478:
2087:
1903:
116:
301:" buildings in Shanghai. Within 10 months from 1853, 800 dwellings of this type were built.
215:, sometimes written as 衖堂). The entrance to each alley is usually surmounted by a stylistic
3409:
3341:
3087:
2952:
2853:
2786:
2766:
2719:
2622:
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1962:
1920:
1913:
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269:
120:
694:) of the house on the left and right. At the centre, facing the courtyard is the hall, or
8:
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3092:
2739:
2724:
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2389:
2259:
2207:
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2031:
2016:
1957:
1908:
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1842:
The Herbert Offen Research Collection of the Phillips Library at the Peabody Essex Museum
829:
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345:, and columns inscribed with a couplet, from a Shikumen residence on North Xiangyang Road
240:
128:
112:
1339:
3999:
3637:
3601:
3191:
3181:
3154:
2962:
2441:
2274:
2026:
1797:
1091:
819:
676:
In terms of internal lay-out, immediately within the main gate is the front courtyard (
503:
471:
Densely populated shikumen neighbourhoods provided camouflage for revolutionaries. The
403:
residences, as well as larger modern apartment buildings, before the civil war and the
305:
273:
1756:区县志 >> 区志 >> 黄浦区志 >> 第十一编特色建筑 >> 第三章石库门房屋 >> 附：石库门里弄名称特色
1363:
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4039:
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2011:
1992:
1987:
1982:
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1947:
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1492:[Wen Wei Po: Entering Shanghai’s urban culture from Shikumen] (in Chinese).
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A branch lane in Siming Cun, showing the characteristic gate leading to a residence.
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1997:
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1683:区县志 >> 区志 >> 静安区志 >> 第八编房屋建筑 >> 第三章旧有住宅 >> 第四节 旧式里弄住宅
1666:区县志 >> 区志 >> 黄浦区志 >> 第十一编特色建筑 >> 第三章石库门房屋 >> 第三节 使用状况
1574:
952:
is named after the Chinese name ("Siming Bank") of the project's main sponsor, the
582:
meant "gate framed with stone", but over time corrupted into the similar-sounding "
519:
494:
Shikumen neighbourhoods were also often used for less salubrious trades. The lanes
183:
1695:区县志 >> 区志 >> 徐汇区志 >> 第十四篇房屋建筑 >> 第二章里弄住宅 >> 第一节 旧式里弄
319:
3903:
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3801:
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2526:
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1967:
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Each residence abuts another and all are arranged in straight side alleys called
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The largest shikumen neighbourhood which survives in a mostly original state is
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1608:
Architectural History of a Century of Shanghai (1840-1949) (上海百年建筑史(1840-1949))
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942:
714:) or "secondary rooms". Stairs to reach the first floor are located behind the
528:
2368:
1045:
style lintels. Originally a middle-class neighbourhood, the area became dense
4233:
3913:
3898:
3878:
3873:
3839:
3763:
3346:
3042:
2473:
2348:
2115:
1387:
587:
488:
359:(later part of the International Settlement; and still later, the pre-merger
168:
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stock of the city; however, the proportion is currently much lower, as most
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2902:
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2426:
2421:
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968:. The second kind takes the name of a nearby road or landmark, for example
938:
881:(now revamped into an upmarket hotel, commercial and residential complex),
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Numerous new type shikumen have survived. Some well known examples include
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571:
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106:
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630:("horse head") style gable - more typical of old type shikumen - seen at
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live in large apartment buildings. Shikumen is classified as one type of
502:, on Foochow Road (now Fuzhou Road), formed the epicentre of Shanghai's
3002:
2744:
2511:
2501:
2446:
2338:
1438:
1119:
897:
In Chinese, shikumen developments are typically named with a suffix of
611:
387:
375:
304:
Because of their flammability, this type of construction was banned by
422:
411:
3037:
3032:
2546:
2531:
2431:
1732:
1459:"Shanghai Surprise: The radical quaintness of the Xintiandi district"
1433:
1115:
864:). At the back of the house, a "back wing" was added, as well as the
732:
379:
338:
172:
44:
1846:
960:
takes one syllable from each of the two owners' names - brothers Wu
386:. By around 1919, increasing population pressures and an increasing
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109:
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479:, and its second conference in another shikumen residence in the
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39:
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2057:
777:
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191:
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Shikumens are two or three-story structures resembling Western
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79:
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as a municipal heritage site, and remains mostly residential.
2343:
2284:
1487:"Wénhuìbào: Cóng shí kù mén zǒu rù shànghǎi chéngshì wénhuà"
670:
156:
16:
Shanghainese architectural style first appearing in the 1860s
254:
A historic photograph of the entrance of a shikumen lane or
51:
3386:
1851:
1046:
1003:
1511:
1118:, where the buildings were extensively reconstructed, and
998:
803:(built in the 1930s), in the former French Concession.
323:
Exterior of a shikumen residence, in the Chang Garden (
407:
completely disrupted the property market in Shanghai.
31:, showing the "stone gates" (at left) whence the name
29:
First National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
1157:
475:
held its first conference in a shikumen residence in
1331:
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and to house restaurants and other commercial uses.
1137:, other heritage protected shikumen precincts are
535:
1646:(Sikumen and Jiangnan residential architecture),
1610:. Tongji University Press. pp. 32, 76, 113.
1450:
1228:
855:). The ground floor were equipped with kitchens (
823:The trunk lane of Siming Cun, a new type shikumen
4231:
1106:), located on the site of the main hall of the
1037:Another notable now-demolished development was
316:layouts commonly found in the Jiangnan region.
277:were built as terraces, and usually name with "
1586:Beijing Institute of Architectural Engineering
1026:Few old type shikumen neighbourhoods survive.
487:first operated out of a shikumen residence on
144:In 2010, "construction techniques of shikumen
1867:
1101:
1081:
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922:
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902:
869:
859:
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787:(in the process of being demolished), north
726:
709:
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363:), but quickly became popular throughout the
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337:A relatively elaborate "stone gate" with an
123:elements that first appeared in the 1860s.
89:
1874:
1860:
1480:
1478:
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1034:-style gables. It was demolished in 1980.
1552:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House
3971:Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge
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999:Notable shikumen neighbourhoods today
231:improved ventilation into the rooms.
137:residences, sometimes translated as "
4245:Buildings and structures in Shanghai
4081:International Business and Economics
1786:
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954:Ningpo Commercial & Savings Bank
421:) (as opposed to the head-landlord (
355:rents. They were first built in the
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1624:
1417:A shikumen lane on Shanhaiguan Road
941:. Where an English name was used, "
295:) as suffix. These were the first "
13:
1796:. 南都周刊. 2010-05-12. Archived from
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1671:
1652:
1590:
1484:
1314:A shikumen on North Xiangyang Road
1158:Different types of end-wall gables
634:, a new type shikumen development.
226:architecture and social behavior.
14:
4266:
3003:Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve
2827:Waterworks Science and Technology
2101:Lujiazui Financial and Trade Zone
1835:
1771:. 东方网. 2013-05-08. Archived from
1710:. 新华网. 2005-09-22. Archived from
1332:Different types of lane entrances
984:("safety"). The Chinese name for
4214:
4213:
1648:Local History Office of Shanghai
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1338:
1319:
1307:
1295:
1283:
1271:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1216:
1204:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1108:International Institute of China
649:) (or "brick nogging") style of
394:
94:'Stone Warehouse Gate',
4255:Tourist attractions in Shanghai
3352:Shanghai World Financial Center
2870:Party's First National Congress
1811:
1457:Goldberger, Paul (2005-12-26).
598:
536:Classification and architecture
4056:East Political Science and Law
3824:Shanghai Public Transport Card
2925:People's Heroes Memorial Tower
1568:
1529:
1229:Different types of house gates
1102:
1082:
1018:An unreconstructed laneway in
870:
860:
851:
771:, just before demolition began
758:
727:
710:
700:
690:
566:
349:
325:
196:
84:
75:
67:
1:
2998:Dongping National Forest Park
2116:Yangshan Free Trade Port Area
1444:
228:Traditional Chinese dwellings
2213:List of people from Shanghai
1881:
162:
43:Renovated shikumen lanes in
7:
4010:East Science and Technology
1769:"搬迁人家已超半数 上海最大石库门"斯文里"面临拆迁"
1422:
806:
593:
10:
4271:
3400:Shimao International Plaza
2290:Jinshanzui Fishing Village
2111:Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone
1429:Shikumen Open House Museum
1381:East Siwen Li (demolished)
1242:East Siwen Li (demolished)
1152:
889:located on Avenue Joffre.
718:. Behind the hall and the
544:An entrance to a shikumen
238:
234:
4209:
4174:
4126:Political Science and Law
4048:
3992:
3983:
3948:
3832:
3774:
3751:
3723:
3685:
3676:
3651:
3625:
3616:
3528:
3487:
3446:
3437:
3385:
3332:
3323:
3283:
3242:
3147:
3136:
3106:
3065:
2935:
2697:
2641:
2585:
2547:Longemont Shopping Centre
2489:
2379:
2249:
2240:
2200:
2172:
2147:
2133:
2086:
2040:
1940:
1929:
1889:
1521:. Eastday. Archived from
1326:A shikumen on Madang Road
1290:A shikumen on Daming Road
1278:A shikumen on Xinzha Road
933:
923:
913:
903:
681:
645:
509:
446:
283:
245:
187:
3573:Tour of Chongming Island
3415:Shanghai Wheelock Square
3306:Jiading Confucian Temple
3024:Ancient Chinese gardens
2298:European-style boroughs
2270:International Settlement
2106:Shanghai Free-Trade Zone
2004:Shanghai Free-Trade Zone
1543:
1488:
892:
751:, both located near the
661:("horse head") style or
405:Second Sino-Japanese War
3961:Bund Sightseeing Tunnel
3224:Songjiang Square Pagoda
2864:Historical and Cultural
2121:Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park
1708:"上海纵火逼迁案黑幕 开发商为牟利烧死两老人"
1548:Shanghainese Dictionary
945:" was a common suffix.
722:is the back courtyard (
473:Chinese Communist Party
4141:Science and Technology
3425:Grand Gateway Shanghai
3362:Bocom Financial Towers
2792:Science and Technology
2659:Shanghai Grand Theatre
2512:Xujiahui Shopping City
1541:Shànghǎi huà dà cídiǎn
1023:
1011:
824:
816:
772:
767:An empty lane in East
635:
626:A traditional Chinese
619:
608:
549:
485:Communist Youth League
453:
442:The 72 Tenant Families
346:
330:
270:Small Swords Rebellion
260:
56:
48:
36:
4240:Architecture in China
4025:International Studies
4015:Finance and Economics
3782:Shanghai rail transit
3260:St Ignatius Cathedral
2874:Former Residence of:
2762:Aerospace Enthusiasts
2223:Shanghainese language
1575:Shikumen architecture
1519:"History of Shikumen"
1022:, with numerous shops
1017:
1006:
822:
814:
766:
685:), flanked by wings (
625:
614:
606:
543:
336:
322:
253:
54:
42:
22:
4066:Engineering Sciences
3410:White Magnolia Plaza
3342:Oriental Pearl Tower
3301:Mazu Cultural Palace
2958:Park of the Old City
2953:Gongqing Forest Park
2623:Jinjiang Action Park
2537:Jing An Kerry Centre
2228:Shanghainese cuisine
907:, "neighbourhood"),
314:four-sided courtyard
4250:History of Shanghai
3547:Motorsport circuit
3270:St Nicholas' Church
3250:Holy Trinity Church
3013:Jinshan Binhai Park
2802:C. Y. Tung Maritime
2613:Haichang Ocean Park
2410:Zhouqiao Old Street
2208:Shanghainese people
1092:serviced apartments
830:reinforced concrete
615:A shikumen lane in
548:on Shanhaiguan Road
241:History of Shanghai
113:architectural style
108:) is a traditional
72:traditional Chinese
27:at the site of the
3602:Shanghai Race Club
3265:St Joseph's Church
3192:Chenxiang Pavilion
3182:Yuanming Jiangtang
3155:Jade Buddha Temple
2772:Revolution History
2442:North Sichuan Road
1735:. 南方周末. 2011-04-01
1714:on October 1, 2005
1580:2014-07-24 at the
1069:is well preserved
1024:
1012:
980:("happiness") and
825:
817:
773:
636:
620:
609:
550:
504:red light district
357:British concession
347:
331:
274:Taiping Revolution
268:in 1843. The 1853
261:
64:simplified Chinese
57:
49:
37:
4227:
4226:
4205:
4204:
4035:Shanghai Jiaotong
3979:
3978:
3814:Buses in Shanghai
3743:Shanghai Hongqiao
3672:
3671:
3612:
3611:
3590:Sheshan Golf Club
3433:
3432:
3319:
3318:
3275:St Peter's Church
3207:Xilin Chan Temple
3132:
3131:
3078:Shanghai Jinjiang
3008:Shanghai Greenway
2265:French Concession
2236:
2235:
2129:
2128:
1847:Historic Shanghai
1617:978-7-560-83895-3
1606:Wu Jiang (2008).
1485:张敏 (2010-01-18).
524:Chinese Civil War
481:French Concession
92:
4262:
4217:
4216:
3990:
3989:
3966:Dapu Road Tunnel
3759:Port of Shanghai
3683:
3682:
3623:
3622:
3444:
3443:
3377:Bank of Shanghai
3330:
3329:
3311:Songjiang Mosque
3255:Sheshan Basilica
3145:
3144:
3098:InterContinental
3055:Botanical Garden
2898:Soong Ching-ling
2715:Contemporary Art
2577:Super Brand Mall
2497:1933 Old Millfun
2452:M50 Art district
2247:
2246:
2145:
2144:
2006:
1938:
1937:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1853:
1852:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1669:
1663:
1650:
1641:
1622:
1621:
1603:
1588:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1496:. Archived from
1489:文汇报：从石库门走入上海城市文化
1482:
1469:
1468:
1454:
1414:
1405:Xingshun East Li
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1275:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1220:
1208:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1105:
1104:
1085:
1084:
1010:under demolition
976:("auspicious"),
936:
935:
926:
925:
916:
915:
906:
905:
873:
872:
863:
862:
854:
853:
730:
729:
713:
712:
703:
702:
693:
692:
684:
683:
648:
647:
569:
568:
520:Second World War
449:
448:
361:Huangpu District
328:
327:
286:
285:
198:
189:
93:
90:
86:
77:
69:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4201:
4182:Europe Business
4170:
4044:
3975:
3944:
3828:
3802:Zhangjiang Tram
3770:
3747:
3725:
3719:
3668:
3647:
3643:Jiading Huilong
3618:
3608:
3524:
3505:Shanghai Indoor
3483:
3439:
3429:
3420:Tomorrow Square
3381:
3315:
3291:City God Temple
3279:
3238:
3212:Yuanying Pagoda
3139:
3128:
3102:
3061:
2931:
2817:Madame Tussauds
2782:Natural History
2777:Jewish Refugees
2693:
2669:Yue Opera House
2637:
2581:
2527:HKRI Taikoo Hui
2485:
2375:
2307:Holland Village
2275:People's Square
2242:
2232:
2218:Shanghailanders
2196:
2168:
2138:
2125:
2082:
2078:Shanghai County
2073:Chuansha County
2036:
2002:
1932:
1925:
1885:
1880:
1838:
1833:
1824:
1822:
1819:"建业里躺着中枪：你触痛了谁"
1817:
1816:
1812:
1803:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1672:
1664:
1653:
1642:
1625:
1618:
1604:
1591:
1582:Wayback Machine
1573:
1569:
1562:
1545:
1534:
1530:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1503:
1501:
1490:
1483:
1472:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1406:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1382:
1379:
1370:
1367:
1358:
1355:
1346:
1343:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1315:
1312:
1303:
1300:
1291:
1288:
1279:
1276:
1267:
1264:
1255:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1224:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1200:
1193:
1184:
1181:
1172:
1169:
1160:
1155:
1001:
895:
809:
761:
601:
596:
580:Shanghainese Wu
554:First World War
538:
512:
456:
397:
352:
248:
243:
237:
165:
100:zaq⁸ khu¹ men⁶,
17:
12:
11:
5:
4268:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4061:Electric Power
4058:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3862:East China Sea
3859:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3819:Shanghai Ferry
3816:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3807:Songjiang Tram
3804:
3799:
3794:
3792:Shanghai Metro
3789:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3738:Shanghai South
3735:
3729:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3450:
3448:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Shanghai Tower
3354:
3349:
3344:
3338:
3336:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3229:Donglin Temple
3226:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3202:Yuanjin Temple
3199:
3194:
3189:
3187:Baoshan Temple
3184:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3170:Longhua Pagoda
3165:Longhua Temple
3162:
3160:Jing'an Temple
3157:
3151:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2993:Zhongshan Park
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2941:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2872:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2812:Bamboo Carving
2809:
2804:
2799:
2797:Urban Planning
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2628:Ocean Aquarium
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2572:The River Mall
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2507:Union Building
2504:
2499:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2469:Century Avenue
2466:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2253:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1935:
1931:Administrative
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1879:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1836:External links
1834:
1832:
1831:
1810:
1785:
1760:
1745:
1724:
1699:
1687:
1670:
1651:
1623:
1616:
1589:
1567:
1560:
1528:
1525:on 2010-04-30.
1510:
1470:
1464:The New Yorker
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1416:
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1404:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1357:Cité Bourgogne
1356:
1349:
1347:
1345:Shangxian Fang
1344:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1258:
1256:
1254:Cité Bourgogne
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1820:
1814:
1800:on 2012-03-05
1799:
1795:
1794:"石库门，一个远去的背影"
1789:
1775:on 2013-06-13
1774:
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1644:典雅幽深的石库门和江南民居
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1537:Qian, Nairong
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927:, "lane") or
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669:hood") style
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629:
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489:Avenue Joffre
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395:Later history
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329:) development
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155:(now part of
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3985:Universities
3797:Maglev Train
3372:One Lujiazui
3367:Shanghai IFC
3234:Fahua Pagoda
3219:Huzhu Pagoda
2978:Jing'an Park
2968:Huangpu Park
2948:Century Park
2903:Moller Villa
2725:Rockbund Art
2654:Concert Hall
2649:Oriental Art
2618:Happy Valley
2593:Circus World
2562:Raffles City
2427:Huaihai Road
2422:Nanjing Road
2405:Dongmen Road
2312:Scandinavian
2192:LGBT culture
2179:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2140:demographics
1823:. Retrieved
1813:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:the original
1788:
1777:. Retrieved
1773:the original
1763:
1737:. Retrieved
1733:"强拆阴影再现麦琪里？"
1727:
1716:. Retrieved
1712:the original
1702:
1690:
1647:
1607:
1585:
1570:
1547:
1540:
1531:
1523:the original
1513:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:the original
1462:
1452:
1211:Chang Garden
1196:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1112:Gilbert Reid
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651:brick veneer
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631:
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599:Early period
583:
578:), which in
575:
572:Shanghainese
561:
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372:middle class
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309:
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296:
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202:Shanghainese
195:
177:
166:
150:
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129:Shanghainese
125:
110:Shanghainese
99:
96:Shanghainese
83:
59:
58:
32:
24:
23:A preserved
4005:East Normal
3956:Bund Tunnel
3658:Basketball
3585:BMW Masters
3325:Skyscrapers
3107:Expo center
3088:Grand Hyatt
3050:Guilin Park
3028:Guyi Garden
2983:Lu Xun Park
2973:Fuxing Park
2937:Urban parks
2878:Sun Yat-Sen
2862:Protected
2787:Planetarium
2608:Great World
2603:Film Studio
2552:Ciros Plaza
2464:Yan'an Road
2400:Duolun Road
2395:Wukang Road
2335:Water Town
2322:German Town
2317:Venice Town
2302:Thames Town
2243:attractions
1302:Rongkang Li
1195:Jianye Li (
1147:Rongkang Li
1143:Meilan Fang
1125:Other than
1120:Tianzi Fang
1032:Guanyin dou
970:Bao'an Fang
958:Meilan Fang
917:, "ward"),
866:tingzi jian
838:Guanyin dou
759:Late period
755:dock area.
745:Mianyang Li
724:houtianjing
696:ketang jian
663:Guanyin dou
617:Zhenxing Li
430:dà fángdōng
419:èr fángdōng
376:architraves
350:Development
266:treaty port
139:lane houses
4234:Categories
4166:Visual Art
4161:Technology
4086:Leadership
3923:Stone arch
3021:Admission
2918:Xu Guangqi
2888:Zhou Enlai
2835:Transport
2822:Open House
2735:Poster Art
2502:Tianzifang
2479:Henan Road
2447:Tianzifang
2369:Bund Beach
2339:Zhujiajiao
1825:2012-02-22
1804:2014-02-16
1779:2014-01-21
1739:2014-02-16
1718:2014-02-16
1504:2014-01-20
1445:References
1439:Tianzifang
1266:Siming Cun
1223:Siming Cun
1171:Jixiang Li
1139:Siming Cun
1028:Xingren Li
982:Ping'an Li
974:Jixiang Li
950:Siming Cun
883:Siming Cun
857:zaopi jian
749:Jixiang Li
741:Xingren Li
500:Qunyu Fang
466:Xingren Li
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306:concession
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3928:Fangsheng
3678:Transport
3515:Int'l Gym
3243:Christian
3138:Places of
3038:Zuibaichi
3033:Yu Garden
2963:Expo Park
2586:Amusement
2532:IAPM Mall
2432:Xintiandi
2418:Shopping
2386:Historic
2256:Historic
2148:Architect
2032:Chongming
2017:Songjiang
1958:Changning
1933:divisions
1904:Geography
1758:上海地方志办公室.
1697:上海地方志办公室.
1685:上海地方志办公室.
1668:上海地方志办公室.
1434:Xintiandi
1393:Xinxin Li
1135:Jianye Li
1116:Xintiandi
1078:Jianye Li
1008:Xinxin Li
887:Mingde Li
879:Jianye Li
793:Daqing Li
733:tap water
687:xiangfang
632:Jianye Li
384:pediments
339:archivolt
163:Structure
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4219:Category
4192:New York
4136:Shanghai
4096:Maritime
3993:National
3904:Waibaidu
3845:Chonghai
3764:Yangshan
3733:Shanghai
3713:Jiangwan
3693:Hongqiao
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3569:Cycling
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3474:Yuanshen
3454:Shanghai
3447:Football
3405:Plaza 66
3296:Wen Miao
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3114:Shanghai
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2909:Tomb of
2757:Shanghai
2674:Tianchan
2642:Cultural
2567:IFC Mall
2557:Plaza 66
2437:Xujiahui
2390:The Bund
2354:Fengjing
2280:Xujiahui
2260:Old City
2163:Longtang
2156:Shikumen
2027:Fengxian
1921:Politics
1914:Timeline
1883:Shanghai
1578:Archived
1539:(2007).
1423:See also
1369:Shude Li
1057:Bugao Li
1039:Siwen Li
990:Bugao Li
807:New type
797:Bugao Li
789:Shude Li
785:Siwen Li
769:Siwen Li
753:Shiliupu
678:tianjing
594:Old type
584:shikumen
562:shigumen
522:and the
496:Huile Li
477:Shude Li
461:longtang
447:《七十二家房客》
365:Old City
343:pediment
272:and the
257:longdang
197:Lòngtáng
180:longtang
85:Shíkùmén
60:Shikumen
33:shikumen
25:longdang
4175:Private
4156:Theatre
4076:Finance
4000:Donghua
3949:Tunnels
3867:Donghai
3855:Yangtze
3850:Chongqi
3833:Bridges
3726:station
3724:Railway
3708:Longhua
3704:Closed
3633:Shenhua
3539:Qizhong
3535:Tennis
3469:Jinshan
3459:Hongkou
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2241:Tourist
2173:Culture
2135:Culture
2041:Defunct
2012:Jinshan
1993:Jiading
1988:Baoshan
1983:Minhang
1973:Hongkou
1963:Jing'an
1948:Huangpu
1941:Current
1909:History
1899:Economy
1894:Culture
1550:].
1153:Gallery
1071:in situ
1065:gates.
1043:baroque
978:Ruyi Li
943:Terrace
847:shaitai
667:Guanyin
434:Hongkou
235:History
184:Chinese
121:Chinese
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3914:Yangpu
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3698:Pudong
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3479:Zhabei
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3440:venues
3438:Sports
3334:Pudong
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2913:Lu Xun
2883:Lu Xun
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2807:Postal
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2327:Canada
2181:Haipai
2096:Pudong
2068:Zhabei
2063:Nanhui
2058:Wusong
2048:Nanshi
2022:Qingpu
1998:Pudong
1978:Yangpu
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3752:Ports
3652:Other
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3529:Other
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2053:Luwan
1968:Putuo
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