6027:: "The ascent of the Saljuqids also put an end to a period which Minorsky has called "the Persian intermezzo" (see Minorsky, 1932, p. 21), when Iranian dynasties, consisting mainly of the Saffarids, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids, the Kakuyids, and the Bavandids of Tabarestan and Gilan, ruled most of Iran. By all accounts, weary of the miseries and devastations of never-ending conflicts and wars, Persians seemed to have sighed with relief and to have welcomed the stability of the Saljuqid rule, all the more so since the Saljuqids mitigated the effect of their foreignness, quickly adopting the Persian culture and court customs and procedures and leaving the civil administration in the hand of Persian personnel, headed by such capable and learned viziers as ‘Amid-al-Molk Kondori and Nezam-al-Molk."
6010:. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009: "Culturally, the consisting of the Seljuq Empire marked a further step in the dethronement of Arabic from being the sole lingua franca of educated and polite society in the Middle East. Coming as they did through a Transoxania which was still substantially Iranian and into Persia proper, the Seljuqs with no high-level Turkish cultural or literary heritage of their own – took over that of Persia, so that the Persian language became the administration and culture in their land of Persia and Anatolia. The Persian culture of the Rum Seljuqs was particularly splendid, and it was only gradually that Turkish emerged there as a parallel language in the field of government and adab; the Persian imprint in
6043:, Volume IV: From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, 2000. p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the thirteenth century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose
2467:
460:
1271:
1239:
2440:
5713:, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161, 164; "renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran…", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."
867:
36:
11063:
9883:
11087:
11051:
9893:
9941:
11099:
11075:
494:
476:
5997:: "... Not only did the inhabitants of Khurasan not succumb to the language of the nomadic invaders, but they imposed their own tongue on them. The region could even assimilate the Turkic Ghaznavids and Seljuks (eleventh and twelfth centuries), the Timurids (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries), and the Qajars (nineteenth–twentieth centuries) ..."
5932:): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."
510:
The "Great
Seljuks" were heads of the family; in theory their authority extended over all the other Seljuk lines, although in practice this often was not the case. Turkic custom called for the senior member of the family to be the Great Seljuk, although usually the position was associated with the
6056:
Daniel Pipes: "The Event of Our Era: Former Soviet Muslim
Republics Change the Middle East" in Michael Mandelbaum, "Central Asia and the World: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkemenistan and the World", Council on Foreign Relations, p. 79. Exact statement: "In Short, the
5726:
of Zahir al-Din
Nishapuri," Partial tr. K.A. Luther, ed. C.E. Bosworth, Richmond, UK. K.A. Luther, p. 9: "he Turks were illiterate and uncultivated when they arrived in Khurasan and had to depend on Iranian scribes, poets, jurists and theologians to man the institution of the
5972:): "... here one might bear in mind that Turco-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Seljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."
5682:"The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire."
2235:
8385:
7345:
1072:
2439:
8375:
7390:
2228:
2509:
1019:
10943:
2221:
1013:
7425:
7395:
2466:
1060:
1048:
5784:
5760:
1054:
5897:
5965:
9544:
8397:
9650:
7415:
7430:
1066:
10069:
9064:
9055:
8799:
8311:
7435:
3451:
8296:
7420:
7400:
7355:
2502:
1030:
5740:
1270:
10606:
7385:
1007:
10769:
10148:
8587:
3463:
8365:
10742:
10143:
8733:
8249:
5722:
Nishapuri, Zahir al-Din
Nishapuri (2001), "The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jami’ al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the
2495:
10540:
7170:
9929:
8284:
3588:
11032:
10174:
10121:
8909:
8760:
8523:
9255:
9085:
9030:
8899:
8765:
7663:
7120:
7070:
7034:
6998:
6962:
6926:
6890:
6837:
6801:
6765:
6724:
6688:
6639:
6596:
6549:
6513:
6446:
6397:
6356:
6317:
6210:
6168:
6143:
6100:
5818:
5655:
5630:
5605:
5580:
6175:
This map varies from other maps which are slightly different in scope, especially along the
Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
5981:
F. Daftary, "Sectarian and
National Movements in Iran, Khorasan, and Trasoxania during Umayyad and Early Abbasid Times", in
10052:
9907:
8417:
8407:
3823:
5925:
10499:
10214:
10040:
9615:
9565:
9291:
8825:
2457:
468:
2477:
10990:
10530:
10520:
8840:
8829:
8774:
8722:
8577:
8380:
10535:
10482:
10420:
10108:
10091:
9270:
9214:
9194:
9010:
8985:
8881:
8805:
8707:
8337:
8179:
5532:
1253:
The Seljuk line, already having been deprived of any significant power, effectively ended in the early 14th century.
224:
9104:
7450:
10968:
10653:
10452:
10376:
10164:
9735:
9301:
7062:
7026:
6990:
6954:
6918:
6882:
6829:
6793:
6757:
6716:
6680:
6631:
6588:
6541:
6505:
6438:
6389:
6348:
6309:
6202:
6135:
6092:
4481:
1194:
7493:
7137:
5800:
Golden, Peter B. (1992). An
Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 209
10648:
10096:
9245:
8785:
8621:
8616:
8355:
7982:
7350:
6006:
Bosworth, C.E.; Hillenbrand, R.; Rogers, J.M.; Blois, F.C. de; Bosworth, C.E.; Darley-Doran, R.E., "Saldjukids,"
1912:
7090:
Dietrich, Richard (2018). "The Names of Seljuk's Sons as
Evidence for the Pre-Islamic Religion of the Seljuks".
5894:
5672:
10790:
10487:
10442:
10356:
10334:
10247:
9850:
9675:
9555:
9539:
9025:
8960:
8861:
8810:
8582:
8533:
8518:
8422:
8412:
8392:
8184:
7843:
9483:
8254:
8194:
10879:
10596:
10317:
9709:
9150:
9133:
9040:
9015:
8871:
8779:
8769:
5962:
5354:
5312:
3177:
1981:
1974:
1078:
435:
which features "Persian culture patronized by Turkic rulers". Today, they are remembered as great patrons of
11135:
11091:
10963:
10658:
10289:
10269:
9713:
9549:
9265:
9005:
8995:
8743:
8599:
8199:
7163:
5994:
9479:
10918:
10545:
10525:
10447:
10371:
10116:
9922:
9504:
9498:
9449:
9260:
9090:
8969:
8594:
7405:
7310:
6250:
4960:
959:
10641:
10616:
10494:
10344:
10181:
10169:
10035:
9719:
9180:
9045:
8513:
8291:
8189:
3186:
97:
5917:
1243:
10819:
10457:
10437:
10084:
9823:
9414:
9184:
8965:
8891:
8753:
8728:
8651:
8402:
8301:
8244:
7656:
7271:
5068:
5018:
4649:
4546:
1086:
901:
845:
5692:
4892:
4492:
4133:
3484:
11017:
10683:
10381:
10310:
10079:
9534:
9324:
9204:
9155:
9127:
8990:
8528:
8442:
8171:
7290:
7251:
6036:
5986:
5737:
4843:
4162:
3844:
2176:
1822:
1801:
664:
431:
as the official language of the government, and played an important role in the development of the
102:
3802:
11125:
11079:
10366:
10339:
10284:
10279:
10131:
9765:
9739:
9730:
9600:
9560:
9164:
9100:
9060:
8795:
8646:
8503:
8462:
7720:
7371:
7156:
5543:
5045:
3466:
2295:
1830:
985:
432:
291:
275:
92:
10126:
459:
377:. The Seljuks defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Nasa Plains in 1035. Seljuk's grandsons,
11130:
10874:
10814:
10802:
10695:
10552:
10045:
9968:
9915:
9855:
9494:
9235:
9190:
8914:
8876:
8604:
8360:
7550:
7526:
7300:
7203:
7051:
6979:
6943:
6907:
6871:
6818:
6782:
6669:
6620:
6577:
6530:
6494:
6378:
6245:
6191:
6124:
5449:
4451:
2928:
2255:
2127:
1992:
1793:
1147:
1036:
10869:
7015:
6746:
6705:
6427:
6337:
6081:
6047:, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature."
11022:
10807:
10797:
10764:
10504:
10327:
9143:
9095:
9070:
8790:
8538:
8316:
8234:
7851:
7808:
7280:
5958:
5889:
5476:
4658:
3830:
1706:
947:
910:
894:
381:
and
Chaghri, received the insignias of governor, grants of land, and were given the title of
9937:
5781:
5757:
10958:
10953:
10938:
10884:
10829:
10713:
10572:
10557:
10405:
10322:
10136:
9694:
9596:
9489:
9429:
9404:
9383:
9363:
9336:
9138:
9080:
8975:
8738:
8703:
8467:
7649:
7521:
7516:
7473:
5392:
5369:
1480:
1238:
1141:
1134:
388:
7580:
3144:
2883:
836:
took control of much of
Khurasan, with the remainder in the hands of former Seljuk emirs.
8:
10834:
10785:
10718:
10668:
10567:
10477:
10425:
10238:
10219:
10005:
9434:
9123:
8856:
8748:
8347:
8342:
8306:
8239:
8088:
7776:
4896:
4496:
3935:
3839:
3836:
3488:
3214:
1960:
1570:
1090:
916:
871:
829:
400:
40:
7560:
2268:
1233:
11140:
11005:
10948:
10928:
10841:
10730:
10673:
10469:
10391:
10057:
9978:
9973:
9798:
9760:
9705:
9700:
9605:
9520:
9160:
9020:
8980:
8820:
8815:
8713:
8698:
8457:
8259:
8080:
8049:
7942:
7699:
7506:
6227:
5944:
M. Ravandi, "The Seljuq court at Konya and the Persianisation of Anatolian Cities", in
5568:
4856:
3559:
3495:
3163:
2077:
1948:
1117:
924:
444:
365:
In the 11th century, the Seljuks migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland
319:
271:
5325:
5282:
5246:
993:
was a province in southern Persia. Between 1053 and 1154, the territory also included
346:. During the 10th century, Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities. When
11103:
11050:
11012:
10975:
10861:
10846:
10663:
10601:
10588:
10562:
10430:
10361:
10305:
10224:
10017:
9992:
9953:
9892:
9808:
9725:
9631:
9621:
9530:
9439:
9424:
9419:
9388:
9378:
9368:
9358:
9345:
9200:
8904:
8718:
8656:
8631:
8611:
8561:
8481:
8329:
7958:
7950:
7875:
7827:
7208:
7116:
7066:
7030:
6994:
6958:
6922:
6886:
6833:
6797:
6761:
6720:
6684:
6635:
6592:
6545:
6509:
6442:
6393:
6352:
6313:
6206:
6164:
6139:
6096:
5814:
5651:
5626:
5601:
5576:
5384:
5296:
5276:
5260:
5239:
4606:
4511:
4282:
3583:
3181:
2583:
1936:
1702:
1633:
973:
335:
163:
5341:
10933:
10901:
10723:
10678:
10621:
10274:
10197:
10012:
9779:
9770:
9680:
9670:
9626:
9466:
9454:
9408:
9353:
9170:
9035:
8866:
8835:
8680:
8661:
8370:
7990:
7585:
7536:
7440:
7326:
7266:
7198:
7099:
5548:
4202:
3911:
3896:
3881:
3234:
2704:
2301:
2054:
1924:
1747:
1650:
1561:
1552:
1543:
1516:
1471:
1462:
1445:
853:
775:
498:
448:
428:
408:
370:
347:
295:
233:
195:
87:
70:
59:
6057:
Turko-Persian tradition featured Persian culture patronized by Turcophone rulers."
3764:
856:
at the time being the senior member of the family, became the Great Seljuk Sultan.
326:, who in the 8th century lived on the periphery of the Muslim world; north of the
11067:
11000:
10980:
10911:
10906:
10851:
10824:
10735:
10708:
10386:
10351:
9813:
9750:
9685:
9660:
9645:
9584:
9373:
9225:
9115:
8937:
8636:
8572:
8476:
8324:
8226:
7998:
7974:
7910:
7891:
7883:
7859:
7744:
7686:
7610:
7570:
5969:
5929:
5901:
5788:
5764:
5744:
2346:
2282:
2141:
2113:
1811:
1624:
1615:
1597:
1534:
1507:
1498:
990:
882:
436:
404:
4120:
10923:
10703:
10626:
10259:
10027:
9655:
9175:
9000:
8488:
8452:
8115:
8033:
7966:
7792:
7620:
7555:
7463:
7295:
6306:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Supplement 2 (Kâfûr, Ebü'l-Misk – Züreyk, Kostantin)
6301:
6011:
5922:
4931:
3474:
2870:
2360:
2262:
2134:
1733:
1723:
1606:
1588:
1579:
1525:
1489:
1283:
1259:
1180:
941:
7103:
5887:
O. Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries",
11119:
11055:
10995:
10896:
10636:
10631:
10264:
10209:
10000:
9886:
9790:
9775:
9745:
9690:
9570:
9525:
9474:
9444:
8147:
8041:
8006:
7728:
7600:
7410:
7305:
7261:
7227:
5538:
4989:
4526:
4464:
4254:
3141:
2975:
2880:
2332:
2201:
2190:
2040:
1783:
1382:
1247:
1042:
953:
738:
479:
354:, the supreme chieftain of the Oghuz, he split his clan from the bulk of the
339:
307:
287:
82:
55:
20:
866:
19:"Seljuk Turks" redirects here. For the territory over which they ruled, see
11027:
10985:
10611:
10062:
9818:
9803:
9755:
9664:
9209:
9075:
8498:
8447:
8155:
8139:
8123:
8065:
7630:
7575:
7360:
7275:
7246:
5438:
5075:
5034:
5005:
4976:
4947:
4918:
4674:
4595:
4564:
4287:
4237:
4222:
3855:
3241:
2956:
2903:
2411:
2391:
2374:
2308:
2289:
2164:
1876:
1843:
1772:
1337:
1110:
875:
849:
813:
629:
420:
283:
264:
35:
10891:
10202:
9896:
9860:
9611:
9296:
9219:
9050:
7615:
7335:
7315:
7213:
5723:
5674:
The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1
5418:
5088:
5058:
3223:
3131:
2984:
2951:
2473:
2353:
1815:
1301:
965:
833:
487:
440:
355:
327:
323:
260:
159:
114:
1085:
Muhammad abandoned Kerman, which fell into the hands of the Oghuz chief
9250:
8641:
8163:
8131:
8057:
8025:
7835:
7605:
7595:
7340:
7285:
7241:
5490:
5469:
5098:
4612:
4579:
4516:
4264:
4182:
3816:
3535:
3509:
2339:
2325:
2152:
2101:
2028:
1888:
930:
701:
591:
424:
44:
5648:
The Ghaznavid and Seljuk Turks: Poetry as a Source for Iranian History
1900:
881:
The rulers of western Persia, who maintained a very loose grip on the
8376:
International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
8096:
8073:
7867:
7800:
7768:
7590:
7545:
7478:
7256:
7236:
6915:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 27 (Kütahya Mevlevîhânesi̇ – Mani̇sa)
6163:. American Edition, New York: Covent Garden Books. pp. 65, 228.
3196:
3171:
2947:
2318:
2249:
2016:
1864:
1688:
1664:
1436:
1346:
1221:
1200:
539:
374:
359:
343:
279:
147:
5847:
Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History
10747:
10074:
9286:
8626:
8508:
7760:
7625:
7511:
7468:
7454:
2449:
2445:
2421:
2401:
2381:
2367:
2089:
1758:
1660:
1373:
1310:
1187:
1171:
1156:
1124:
1103:
467:. Carved and drilled stone with Iranian craftsmanship. Kept at the
331:
303:
175:
118:
10757:
7148:
6987:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 29 (Mekteb – Misir Mevlevîhânesi̇)
6677:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 29 (Mekteb – Misir Mevlevîhânesi̇)
1678:
391:, they defeated a Ghaznavid army, and after a successful siege of
9829:
7752:
7565:
5441:
5037:
5008:
4979:
4950:
4921:
4677:
4629:
4598:
4567:
3806:
2275:
2065:
1852:
1427:
1391:
1355:
1328:
1319:
1292:
886:
396:
392:
378:
267:
6345:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 4 (Âşik Ömer – Bâlâ Külli̇yesi̇)
10752:
9945:
9940:
9635:
8955:
7784:
7497:
7483:
7380:
7223:
6256:
6233:
5990:
5486:
5465:
5094:
5064:
4883:
4877:
4645:
3791:
3443:
2887:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1206:
1163:
1001:
483:
475:
383:
366:
351:
140:
121:
7641:
893:
gained a strong level of influence in the region, such as the
501:, built in Iran in 1053 to house the remains of Seljuk princes
403:. The Seljuks mixed with the local population and adopted the
8493:
7193:
7023:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 3 (Amasya – Âşik Mûsi̇ki̇si̇)
6713:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 3 (Amasya – Âşik Mûsi̇ki̇si̇)
2562:
2004:
1692:
1674:
1364:
1218:
920:
890:
5756:
The History of the Seljuq Turks: From the Jami Al-Tawarikh (
493:
8273:
7736:
7672:
2453:
1167:
1004:
1041–1073 (great-grantson of Seljuq, brother of Alp Arslan)
994:
464:
299:
204:
6790:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 30 (Misra – Muhammedi̇yye)
213:
210:
9251:
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
6628:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 40 (Tanzi̇mat – Teveccüh)
6014:
civilization was to remain strong until the 19th century.
7115:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 147.
6754:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 5 (Balaban – Beşi̇r Ağa)
5623:
Rāḥat al-ṣudūr va āyat al-surūr dar tārīkh-i āl-i saljūq
463:
Head of Seljuk male royal figure, 12–13th century, from
350:, the leader of the Seljuk clan, had a falling out with
7059:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)
6951:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)
6538:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)
6089:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 8 (Ci̇lve – Dârünnedve)
6199:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 25 (Kasti̇lya – Ki̇le)
43:, used as a symbol by several Seljuk rulers including
6386:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 26 (Ki̇li̇ – Kütahya)
225:
216:
201:
7113:
The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia
6299:
207:
6905:
6816:
6780:
6744:
6667:
6528:
6189:
1227:
972:In 1194, Toghrul III was killed in battle with the
198:
7043:
7007:
6435:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 2 (Ahlâk – Amari̇)
6879:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
6826:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
6618:
6585:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
6502:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
6132:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
5650:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 1–16.
3208:
1274:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
11117:
7065:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 342–344.
7029:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 404–406.
6993:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 349–351.
6957:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 341–342.
6921:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 371–372.
6832:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 507–511.
6796:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 579–581.
6760:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 514–516.
6591:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 385–386.
6544:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 446–449.
6425:
6392:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 480–481.
6312:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 324–325.
6138:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 365–371.
6095:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 183–186.
243:, alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs),
8312:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
6719:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 399-400.
6571:
6569:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6508:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 377-379.
5778:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
5646:Tetley, G.E (2009). Hillenbrand, Carole (ed.).
505:
8398:2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
8297:March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
6935:
6899:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6683:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 54–57.
6614:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6205:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 73–74.
6118:
6116:
6114:
6112:
5432:
5030:
5001:
4972:
4943:
4914:
4670:
4591:
4558:
358:and set up camp on the west bank of the lower
9923:
8180:Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
7657:
7164:
7136:
6971:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6351:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 92-93.
5912:
5910:
5811:Al Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World
2503:
2229:
9256:Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
7049:
7013:
6977:
6941:
6740:
6738:
6736:
6703:
6575:
6558:
6492:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6376:
6122:
3448:
861:
832:replaces the Seljuk dynasty. From 1157, the
8366:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
6885:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 387.
6846:
6697:
6663:
6661:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6634:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 510.
6605:
6441:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 196.
6372:
6370:
6368:
6109:
6039:, "Turkish expansion towards the west", in
5380:
3505:
9930:
9916:
8872:Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
8734:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
8250:1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
7664:
7650:
7171:
7157:
7131:Early Seljuq History: A New Interpretation
6335:
6239:
6219:
6079:
5985:, Vol 4, pt. 1; edited by M.S. Asimov and
5940:
5938:
5907:
5883:
5881:
5875:, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), 476.
2510:
2496:
2236:
2222:
979:
818:
806:
796:
780:
769:
759:
743:
732:
722:
706:
695:
685:
669:
658:
650:
634:
623:
613:
597:
585:
569:
560:
544:
533:
34:
8381:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
7052:"Ebû Tâlib TUĞRUL b. ARSLANŞAH b. TUĞRUL"
6733:
6455:
6295:
6293:
6291:
6185:
6183:
6181:
5600:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 39–45.
1096:
362:. Around 985, Seljuk converted to Islam.
8200:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
7144:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7110:
7089:
6648:
6419:
6365:
6275:
6075:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6063:
5983:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
5862:, Edinburgh University Press, 1963, 242.
5680:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1.
5664:
1237:
865:
828:
492:
474:
458:
8986:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
6621:"TERKEN HATUN, the mother of MAHMÛD I"
6331:
6329:
6262:
5935:
5878:
5841:
5839:
5620:
5567:
1089:. Kerman was eventually annexed by the
11118:
10860:
8524:History of democracy in classical Iran
7142:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
6810:
6522:
6288:
6178:
5849:, (Temple University Press, 2001), 99.
5645:
5595:
691:Abul Muzaffar Rukn al-Duniya wa al-Din
9911:
9322:
9246:Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
9031:Iran and the World Trade Organization
8935:
8678:
8559:
7684:
7645:
7152:
6869:
6774:
6158:
6060:
5873:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F–O
5670:
5475:
5473:
5448:
5446:
5415:
5413:
5390:
5367:
5365:
5338:
5309:
5273:
5236:
5190:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5116:
5110:
5102:
5074:
5072:
5044:
5015:
5013:
4986:
4984:
4957:
4955:
4928:
4926:
4902:
4900:
4871:
4840:
4784:
4764:
4752:
4740:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4655:
4653:
4628:
4605:
4576:
4543:
4541:
4523:
4521:
4502:
4500:
4479:
4448:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4322:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4273:
4271:
4253:
4251:
4244:
4242:
4219:
4217:
4199:
4197:
4179:
4177:
4159:
4148:
4117:
4041:
4039:
3991:
3971:
3965:
3959:
3945:
3943:
3926:
3924:
3917:
3915:
3902:
3900:
3887:
3885:
3872:
3870:
3852:
3822:
3820:
3789:
3761:
3687:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3596:
3594:
3574:
3572:
3565:
3563:
3552:
3550:
3532:
3530:
3515:
3513:
3494:
3492:
3473:
3471:
3440:
3356:
3354:
3278:
3272:
3265:
3263:
3256:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3240:
3238:
3221:
3219:
3193:
3191:
3169:
3167:
3151:
3149:
3130:
3086:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3046:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2944:
2927:
2925:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2869:
2813:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
848:succeeded him in western Persia, but
11086:
11074:
8418:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
8408:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
6326:
5836:
9651:Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
9292:Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
9266:National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
9065:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
8800:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
7178:
6272:(Ateş Publications), vol. I, p. 85.
2458:New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
482:, a 12th-century monument south of
469:New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
237:
13:
8190:Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
7083:
6232:(Muhammed Ramazânî Publications),
1269:
306:and were the prime targets of the
298:(1074–1308), which stretched from
14:
11152:
9261:Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
8882:Supreme National Security Council
8708:Persian Constitutional Revolution
8338:Interim Government of Iran (1981)
8245:Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
8235:Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
5946:Mesogeios (Mediterranean Studies)
5813:Brill Academic Publishers, 1996,
11097:
11085:
11073:
11062:
11061:
11049:
10453:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
9939:
9891:
9882:
9881:
8857:Assembly (or Council) of Experts
5948:, vol. 25–26 (2005), pp. 157–169
2518:Great Seljuk sultans family tree
2478:Eskişehir Eti Archaeology Museum
2465:
2438:
1228:Seljuk sultans of Rum (Anatolia)
454:
318:The Seljuks originated from the
313:
194:
11098:
9056:Military equipment manufactured
8622:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
8386:United States withdrawal (2018)
8307:Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
7671:
6406:
6246:Reşîdüddin Fazlullāh-ı Hemedânî
6152:
6050:
6030:
6017:
6000:
5975:
5957:M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu",
5951:
5865:
5852:
5824:
5803:
5794:
5770:
5750:
5625:. Tihrān: Intishārāt-i Asāṭīr.
414:
9616:modern / contemporary
8862:Expediency Discernment Council
8185:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
8174:Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
7698:
5730:
5716:
5703:
5685:
5639:
5614:
5589:
5561:
2484:
286:. The Seljuks established the
1:
8830:state-sponsorship allegations
8560:
6300:Osman Gazi Özgüdenli (2016).
6285:(Nevâî Publications), p. 426.
5921:, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (
5831:Islam: An Illustrated History
5575:. Routledge. pp. 19–20.
5554:
1260:History of the Turkic peoples
1026:or 1074 (before Sultan Shah)
696:أبو المظفر رکن الدنیا والدین
373:, where they encountered the
10944:Intangible cultural heritage
10290:Southeastern Anatolia Region
10122:Proclamation of the republic
9287:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
8679:
8588:twin towns and sister cities
7894:Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
7771:Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
7747:Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
6906:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2003).
6817:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2009).
6781:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2005).
6745:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (1992).
6668:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2004).
6529:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2012).
6190:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2002).
5995:Institute of Ismaili Studies
907:1131–1133 disputed between:
823:
811:
790:
785:
774:
753:
748:
737:
716:
711:
700:
679:
674:
663:
644:
639:
628:
607:
602:
590:
579:
574:
565:
554:
549:
538:
527:
513:
506:Rulers of the Seljuk Dynasty
399:in 1050/51, established the
93:Sultan of Kermân (or Kirmân)
7:
10215:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
9566:Water supply and sanitation
9323:
9297:Kish Island Free Trade Zone
8936:
8356:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
7731:civilization (3100–2700 BC)
7685:
6255:(Ahmed Ateş Publications),
6023:Ehsan Yarshater, "Iran" in
5526:
2066:Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
1913:Kimek–Kipchak Confederation
874:in 1092, upon the death of
765:Ghiyath al-Duniya wa al-Din
10:
11157:
10046:Conquest of Constantinople
9046:Economy of the Middle East
8423:2021–2022 Iranian protests
8413:2019–2020 Iranian protests
8393:2017–2018 Iranian protests
7854:Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
7063:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
7027:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6991:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6980:"MES'ÛD b. MUHAMMED TAPAR"
6955:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6919:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6908:"MAHMÛD b. MUHAMMED TAPAR"
6883:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6830:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6794:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6758:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6717:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6681:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6632:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6619:Bezer, Gülay Öğün (2011).
6589:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6542:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6506:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6439:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6390:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6349:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6310:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6268:Râvendî, Muhammed b. Ali,
6203:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6161:The Atlas of World History
6136:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6093:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6041:UNESCO History of Humanity
5736:Concise Britannica Online
5621:Rāvandī, Muḥammad (1385).
5598:Byzantium and the Crusades
3187:Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate
2431:
1673:Chief gods and goddesses:
1231:
983:
852:, who was the governor of
423:, the Seljuks adopted the
411:in the following decades.
162:was killed in battle with
18:
11045:
10778:
10694:
10587:
10553:The constitutional system
10513:
10468:
10413:
10404:
10298:
10246:
10237:
10190:
10157:
10107:
10085:Second Constitutional Era
10070:Decline and modernization
10026:
9987:
9961:
9952:
9877:
9843:
9789:
9592:
9583:
9513:
9465:
9397:
9344:
9335:
9331:
9318:
9279:
9271:National Development Fund
9234:
9191:Telecommunications and IT
9185:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
9114:
9011:Foreign direct investment
8956:Bonyad (charitable trust)
8948:
8944:
8931:
8890:
8849:
8691:
8687:
8674:
8568:
8555:
8435:
8302:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
8292:Interim Government (1979)
8271:
8219:
8212:
8108:
8018:
7935:
7926:
7903:
7820:
7713:
7706:
7697:
7693:
7680:
7535:
7492:
7449:
7369:
7324:
7222:
7186:
7104:10.1163/18775462-00901002
7092:Turkish Historical Review
6426:Alptekin, Coşkun (1989).
5711:The Empire of the Steppes
5596:Harris, Jonathan (2014).
5502:
5500:
5498:
5496:
5388:
5336:
5307:
5271:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5168:
5166:
5150:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5042:
4869:
4867:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4782:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4762:
4758:
4750:
4746:
4738:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4696:
4626:
4603:
4574:
4572:
4477:
4475:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4342:
4340:
4332:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4157:
4155:
4146:
4144:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4061:
4055:
4049:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3850:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3613:
3611:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3352:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3022:
3020:
3004:
3002:
2961:
2942:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2644:
2642:
2094:11th century–13th century
1113:of Great Seljuk 1086–1087
862:Seljuk sultans of Hamadan
655:Nasir al-Duniya wa al-Din
522:
519:
516:
511:ruler of western Persia.
128:
110:
76:
65:
51:
33:
28:
10536:Ministry of the Interior
10521:Administrative divisions
10080:First Constitutional Era
9021:International oil bourse
8786:Ministry of Intelligence
8371:Syrian civil war (2011–)
8195:1921 Persian coup d'état
7129:Peacock, A.C.S. (2010).
7061:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
7025:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6989:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6953:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6917:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6881:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6828:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6792:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6756:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6715:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6679:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6630:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6587:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6540:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6504:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6437:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6388:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6347:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6308:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6201:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6134:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6091:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
5860:The Ghaznavids: 994–1040
5573:Warfare in World History
2177:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
1823:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1802:Western Turkic Khaganate
1748:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
1193:Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk
1116:Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said
10483:Parliamentary elections
10285:Eastern Anatolia Region
10280:Central Anatolia Region
9962:Ancient and Middle Ages
9545:scientists and scholars
9051:Milad Tower and complex
8841:Women's rights movement
8836:White Revolution (1963)
8504:Peoples of the Caucasus
7846:Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
7739:dynasties (2700–540 BC)
7133:. New York: Routledge.
7111:Grousset, Rene (1988).
6225:Zahîrüddîn-i Nîsâbûrî,
5918:Encyclopædia Britannica
5544:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
5428:. 1177–1191, 1192–1194)
1831:Second Turkic Khaganate
1244:Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
1217:Damascus seized by the
1186:Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla
1123:Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla
1102:Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla
986:Kerman Seljuk Sultanate
980:Seljuk rulers of Kerman
976:, who annexed Hamadan.
433:Turko-Persian tradition
83:Sultan of Seljuk Empire
10654:Science and technology
10488:Presidential elections
9969:Prehistory of Anatolia
9856:Anti-Iranian sentiment
9851:Science and technology
9676:Intellectual movements
9556:International rankings
9540:Intellectual movements
9026:International rankings
8519:Heads of state of Iran
8325:Nojeh coup plot (1980)
7886:Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
7723:culture (3400–2000 BC)
6259:1960, vol. II/5, p. 5.
6159:Black, Jeremy (2005).
6008:Encyclopaedia of Islam
5450:Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr
5046:Nusrat al-Din Muhammad
4538:Sultan of Great Seljuk
4214:Sultan of Great Seljuk
4194:Sultan of Great Seljuk
4174:Sultan of Great Seljuk
3867:Sultan of Great Seljuk
3843:and de facto ruler of
3566:Arslan Argun and Ilyas
3560:Governor of Azerbaijan
3547:Sultan of Great Seljuk
3527:Sultan of Great Seljuk
1993:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1794:First Turkic Khaganate
1275:
1250:
1097:Seljuk rulers in Syria
1081:1183–1187 or 1183–1186
1069:1174–1176 or 1175–1176
1063:1169–1174 or 1170–1175
1057:1156–1169 or 1156–1170
1039:1096–1101 or 1097–1101
1037:Iranshah ibn Turanshah
1033:1084–1096 or 1085–1097
1016:1074–1075 or 1074–1085
878:
502:
490:
472:
270:that gradually became
10649:Free trade agreements
10531:Intelligence Services
10328:North Anatolian Fault
9144:Shetab Banking System
9134:Banking and insurance
9096:Tehran Stock Exchange
9016:Intellectual property
8361:PJAK conflict (2004–)
8134:Turcomans (1378–1508)
8126:Turcomans (1374–1468)
8075:Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
7878:Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
7050:Sümer, Faruk (2012).
7016:"ARSLANŞAH b. TUĞRUL"
7014:Sümer, Faruk (1991).
6978:Sümer, Faruk (2004).
6942:Sümer, Faruk (2012).
6870:Sümer, Faruk (2009).
6704:Sümer, Faruk (1991).
6576:Sümer, Faruk (2009).
6495:"KİRMAN SELÇUKLULARI"
6493:Sümer, Faruk (2009).
6377:Sümer, Faruk (2002).
6123:Sümer, Faruk (2009).
5959:Encyclopaedia Iranica
5890:Encyclopaedia Iranica
5477:Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek
4844:Malīk Muhammad I Shah
4245:Tuğrul and Amîr Humâr
2102:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
1734:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
1273:
1241:
869:
499:Kharāghān twin towers
496:
478:
462:
11033:World heritage sites
10558:Turkish Armed Forces
10443:Constitutional Court
10357:Flora and vegetation
10335:Environmental issues
10323:East Anatolian Fault
10270:Mediterranean Region
9105:Technology start-ups
9006:Environmental issues
8996:Economic Reform Plan
8910:Provincial governors
8600:Environmental issues
8348:Iran Air Flight 655
8089:Jalayirid Sultanate
7961:Caliphate (750–1258)
7803:Kingdom (652–625 BC)
7138:Previté-Orton, C. W.
6025:Encyclopedia Iranica
5697:Encyclopædia Iranica
5671:Fleet, Kate (2009).
5370:Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan
3918:Tuğrul and Böri-Bars
3912:Governor of Khorasan
3897:Governor of Khorasan
3882:Governor of Khorasan
3235:Governor of Khorasan
3160:Leader of the Seljuk
2298:(Suleiman) 1196–1204
2258:(Suleiman) 1077–1086
1246:in 1190, before the
1207:Muhi ad-Din Baktāsh
1142:Alp Arslan al-Akhras
1135:Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan
389:Battle of Dandanaqan
371:province of Khurasan
294:(1041–1186) and the
16:Oghuz Turkic dynasty
11136:History of Nishapur
10602:Banking and Finance
10220:History of Anatolia
10117:War of Independence
10109:Republic of Türkiye
10006:Battle of Manzikert
9505:Freedom of religion
9091:Supreme Audit Court
8970:Automotive industry
8617:Iranian Balochistan
8343:1987 Mecca incident
8240:Iran crisis of 1946
8229:dynasty (1925–1979)
8158:Dynasty (1751–1794)
8099:dynasty (1338–1357)
8091:dynasty (1335–1432)
8083:dynasty (1314–1393)
8068:dynasty (1244–1381)
8052:dynasty (1077–1231)
8036:dynasty (1011–1215)
7953:Caliphate (661–750)
7945:Caliphate (632–661)
7913:Empire (AD 224–651)
7830:Empire (550–330 BC)
7811:Empire (626–539 BC)
7795:Empire (678–549 BC)
7779:Empire (911–609 BC)
6872:"Irak Selçuklulari"
6416:(Behmenyâr), p. 71.
6336:Sevim, Ali (1991).
6080:Sevim, Ali (1993).
5961:, Online Edition, (
5893:, Online Edition, (
5569:Neiberg, Michael S.
3940:Nasr Shams al-Mulk.
3776:3.Hussain Omar Shah
3270:Bori and Dawlatshah
3266:Yûsuf, Kara Arslan,
3215:Great Seljuk Empire
2580:Commander-in-chief
1982:Eastern Kara-Khanid
1975:Western Kara-Khanid
1961:Kara-Khanid Khanate
872:Great Seljuk Empire
830:Khwarazmian dynasty
770:غیاث الدنیا والدین
401:Great Seljuk Empire
292:Sultanate of Kermân
274:and contributed to
41:Double-headed eagle
10659:Telecommunications
10448:Court of Cassation
10149:Multi-party period
10058:Ottoman Old Regime
9979:Byzantine Anatolia
9974:Classical Anatolia
9636:Persian New Year (
9041:Main economic laws
8612:Iranian Azerbaijan
8514:Monarchs of Persia
8458:Persianate society
8166:Empire (1789–1925)
8150:Empire (1736–1796)
8142:Empire (1501–1736)
8118:Empire (1370–1507)
8044:Empire (1037–1194)
8009:dynasty (934–1062)
8001:dynasty (931–1090)
7993:dynasty (861–1003)
7862:Empire (312–63 BC)
7763:(c.1595–c.1155 BC)
6578:"SELÇUKS of Syria"
5968:2007-03-11 at the
5928:2007-12-19 at the
5900:2012-01-22 at the
5787:2022-12-26 at the
5763:2022-12-26 at the
5743:2007-01-14 at the
5087:de facto ruler of
5057:de facto ruler of
4268:sultan Mas'ud III.
2448:chess set, glazed
2078:Khwarazmian Empire
1949:Karluk Yabgu State
1687:Epics and heroes:
1276:
1251:
1181:Abaaq al-Khwarazmi
1118:Aq Sunqur al-Hajib
925:Iranian Azerbaijan
879:
659:ناصر الدنیا والدین
503:
491:
473:
419:After arriving in
11113:
11112:
11041:
11040:
10583:
10582:
10526:Foreign relations
10500:Political parties
10400:
10399:
10233:
10232:
10225:History of Thrace
10127:Atatürk's reforms
10018:Anatolian beyliks
9905:
9904:
9873:
9872:
9869:
9868:
9839:
9838:
9746:Opium consumption
9579:
9578:
9415:Ethnic minorities
9389:Iranian languages
9314:
9313:
9310:
9309:
8927:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8806:Political parties
8744:Children's rights
8729:Foreign relations
8723:2009 presidential
8670:
8669:
8632:Iranian Kurdistan
8551:
8550:
8547:
8546:
8431:
8430:
8403:COVID-19 pandemic
8262:Revolution (1979)
8208:
8207:
8028:Empire (977–1186)
7985:dynasty (864–928)
7977:dynasty (821–873)
7969:dynasty (819–999)
7922:
7921:
7838:(c.323 BC–AD 226)
7639:
7638:
7122:978-0-8135-0627-2
7072:978-975-389-713-6
7036:978-975-389-430-2
7000:978-975-389-415-9
6964:978-975-389-713-6
6928:978-975-389-408-1
6892:978-975-389-566-8
6839:978-975-389-566-8
6803:978-975-389-402-9
6767:978-975-389-432-6
6726:978-975-389-430-2
6690:978-975-389-415-9
6641:978-975-389-652-8
6598:978-975-389-566-8
6551:978-975-389-713-6
6515:978-975-389-566-8
6448:978-975-389-429-6
6399:978-975-389-406-7
6358:978-975-389-431-9
6319:978-975-389-889-8
6212:978-975-389-403-6
6170:978-0-7566-1861-2
6145:978-975-389-566-8
6102:978-975-389-435-7
5991:UNESCO Publishing
5819:978-90-04-09249-5
5657:978-0-415-43119-4
5632:978-964-331-366-1
5607:978-1-78093-736-6
5582:978-1-134-58342-3
5524:
5523:
5506:
5505:
5463:
5429:
5092:
5062:
4643:
4624:
4519:
4290:
4269:
3941:
3848:
3592:
3553:Alp Sungur Yâkūtî
2929:Mikail ibn Seljuk
2246:
2245:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2182:
2170:
2158:
2153:Qarlughid Kingdom
2119:
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2046:
2034:
2022:
2017:Pecheneg Khanates
2010:
1998:
1966:
1954:
1942:
1937:Oghuz Yabgu State
1930:
1918:
1906:
1901:Türgesh Khaganate
1894:
1882:
1870:
1858:
1835:
1827:
1806:
1798:
1764:
1739:
1714:
1713:
1641:
1640:
1453:
1452:
1264:
1091:Khwarezmid Empire
889:. Several Turkic
840:
839:
821:
809:
799:
783:
772:
762:
746:
735:
725:
709:
698:
688:
672:
661:
653:
637:
626:
616:
600:
588:
572:
563:
547:
536:
336:Oghuz Yabgu State
290:(1037–1194), the
182:
181:
172:
156:
137:
11148:
11101:
11100:
11089:
11088:
11077:
11076:
11065:
11064:
11053:
10858:
10857:
10743:Cities and towns
10724:Turkish language
10679:Turkish Airlines
10495:Electoral system
10458:Council of State
10411:
10410:
10345:Waste management
10275:Black Sea Region
10253:
10244:
10243:
10198:Turkic migration
10144:One-party period
10013:Sultanate of Rum
9959:
9958:
9944:
9943:
9932:
9925:
9918:
9909:
9908:
9895:
9885:
9884:
9736:National symbols
9590:
9589:
9405:Iranian citizens
9342:
9341:
9333:
9332:
9320:
9319:
9302:Research centers
8991:Economic history
8946:
8945:
8933:
8932:
8867:Guardian Council
8689:
8688:
8676:
8675:
8557:
8556:
8534:Electric history
8529:Military history
8443:Ancient Persians
8351:
8350:shootdown (1988)
8333:
8320:
8317:Iranian Embassy
8287:
8276:
8274:Islamic Republic
8263:
8255:1953 coup d'état
8230:
8217:
8216:
8175:
8172:Khanates of the
8167:
8159:
8151:
8143:
8135:
8127:
8119:
8100:
8092:
8084:
8076:
8069:
8061:
8053:
8045:
8037:
8029:
8010:
8002:
7994:
7986:
7978:
7970:
7962:
7954:
7946:
7933:
7932:
7914:
7895:
7887:
7879:
7871:
7863:
7855:
7847:
7839:
7831:
7812:
7804:
7796:
7788:
7780:
7772:
7764:
7756:
7748:
7740:
7732:
7724:
7711:
7710:
7695:
7694:
7682:
7681:
7666:
7659:
7652:
7643:
7642:
7586:Kilij Arslan III
7441:Muhammad-Shah II
7173:
7166:
7159:
7150:
7149:
7145:
7126:
7107:
7077:
7076:
7056:
7047:
7041:
7040:
7020:
7011:
7005:
7004:
6984:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6948:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6912:
6903:
6897:
6896:
6876:
6867:
6844:
6843:
6823:
6814:
6808:
6807:
6787:
6783:"MUHAMMED TAPAR"
6778:
6772:
6771:
6751:
6742:
6731:
6730:
6710:
6701:
6695:
6694:
6674:
6665:
6646:
6645:
6625:
6616:
6603:
6602:
6582:
6573:
6556:
6555:
6535:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6499:
6490:
6453:
6452:
6432:
6423:
6417:
6410:
6404:
6403:
6383:
6374:
6363:
6362:
6342:
6333:
6324:
6323:
6297:
6286:
6279:
6273:
6266:
6260:
6251:Câmiʿu’t-tevârîḫ
6243:
6237:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6196:
6187:
6176:
6174:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6129:
6120:
6107:
6106:
6086:
6077:
6058:
6054:
6048:
6034:
6028:
6021:
6015:
6004:
5998:
5979:
5973:
5955:
5949:
5942:
5933:
5914:
5905:
5885:
5876:
5869:
5863:
5856:
5850:
5843:
5834:
5828:
5822:
5807:
5801:
5798:
5792:
5776:Shaw, Stanford.
5774:
5768:
5754:
5748:
5734:
5728:
5720:
5714:
5709:Grousset, Rene,
5707:
5701:
5700:
5689:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5565:
5549:Seljuk (warlord)
5459:
5422:
5355:Muhammad II Shah
5313:Muhammad II Shah
5085:
5055:
4639:
4620:wife of İldeniz
4610:
4509:
4280:
4262:
4203:Muhammad I Tapar
3933:
3829:The daughter of
3827:
3815:. 1094–1095) of
3581:
3467:Seljuk Sultanate
3162:vassal state in
2526:
2525:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2489:
2488:
2469:
2442:
2302:Kilij Arslan III
2238:
2231:
2224:
2205:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2055:Sultanate of Rum
2044:
2032:
2029:Ghaznavid Empire
2020:
2008:
1996:
1964:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1925:Uyghur Khaganate
1916:
1904:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1856:
1853:Khazar Khaganate
1833:
1825:
1804:
1796:
1762:
1737:
1729:
1728:
1724:Pre-14th century
1701:Major concepts:
1656:
1655:
1651:Turkic Mythology
1468:
1467:
1463:Turkic Languages
1446:Crimean Karaites
1383:Cherniye Klobuki
1289:
1288:
1263:pre–14th century
1262:
1256:
1255:
1234:Sultanate of Rûm
1109:Jalal ad-Dawlah
1079:Muhammad II Shah
938:Mas'ud 1133–1152
820:
817:
808:
805:
798:
795:
782:
779:
776:Muhammad I Tapar
771:
768:
761:
758:
745:
742:
734:
731:
724:
721:
708:
705:
697:
694:
687:
684:
671:
668:
660:
657:
652:
649:
636:
633:
625:
622:
615:
612:
599:
596:
587:
584:
571:
568:
562:
559:
546:
543:
535:
532:
517:Titular name(s)
514:
429:Persian language
409:Persian language
296:Sultanate of Rum
253:Seljuk Turkomans
247:, also known as
239:
228:
223:
222:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
167:
151:
132:
98:Emir of Damascus
60:Sultanate of Rum
38:
26:
25:
11156:
11155:
11151:
11150:
11149:
11147:
11146:
11145:
11116:
11115:
11114:
11109:
11037:
10856:
10852:Women in Turkey
10820:Law enforcement
10774:
10770:Life expectancy
10736:Islam in Turkey
10690:
10579:
10541:National Police
10509:
10464:
10396:
10387:Turkish Riviera
10294:
10251:
10250:
10229:
10186:
10153:
10132:Language reform
10103:
10022:
9983:
9948:
9938:
9936:
9906:
9901:
9865:
9835:
9814:Rap and hip-hop
9785:
9766:Public holidays
9751:Persian gardens
9740:Imperial Anthem
9731:National Jewels
9686:Iranian studies
9575:
9509:
9461:
9393:
9354:Persian (Farsi)
9327:
9306:
9275:
9237:
9230:
9165:Pharmaceuticals
9110:
9101:Venture capital
9076:Rial (currency)
9061:Nuclear program
8940:
8919:
8886:
8845:
8796:Nuclear program
8761:Judicial system
8683:
8666:
8637:Iranian plateau
8564:
8543:
8427:
8349:
8331:
8318:
8286:History (1979–)
8285:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8261:
8228:
8204:
8173:
8165:
8157:
8149:
8141:
8133:
8125:
8117:
8104:
8098:
8090:
8082:
8074:
8067:
8059:
8051:
8043:
8035:
8027:
8014:
8008:
8000:
7992:
7984:
7976:
7968:
7960:
7952:
7944:
7928:
7918:
7912:
7899:
7893:
7885:
7877:
7869:
7861:
7853:
7845:
7837:
7829:
7816:
7810:
7809:Neo-Babylonian
7802:
7794:
7787:(860 BC–590 BC)
7786:
7778:
7770:
7762:
7755:(c.2300–675 BC)
7754:
7746:
7738:
7730:
7722:
7702:
7689:
7676:
7670:
7640:
7635:
7611:Kilij Arslan IV
7571:Kilij Arslan II
7531:
7488:
7445:
7416:Muhammad-Shah I
7365:
7320:
7218:
7187:Early Seljukids
7182:
7180:House of Seljuk
7177:
7123:
7086:
7084:Further reading
7081:
7080:
7073:
7054:
7048:
7044:
7037:
7018:
7012:
7008:
7001:
6982:
6976:
6972:
6965:
6946:
6940:
6936:
6929:
6910:
6904:
6900:
6893:
6874:
6868:
6847:
6840:
6821:
6815:
6811:
6804:
6785:
6779:
6775:
6768:
6749:
6743:
6734:
6727:
6708:
6702:
6698:
6691:
6672:
6666:
6649:
6642:
6623:
6617:
6606:
6599:
6580:
6574:
6559:
6552:
6533:
6527:
6523:
6516:
6497:
6491:
6456:
6449:
6430:
6424:
6420:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6381:
6375:
6366:
6359:
6340:
6338:"ATSIZ b. UVAK"
6334:
6327:
6320:
6298:
6289:
6283:Târîḫ-i Güzîde,
6280:
6276:
6270:Râhatü’s-sudûr,
6267:
6263:
6244:
6240:
6224:
6220:
6213:
6194:
6188:
6179:
6171:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6127:
6121:
6110:
6103:
6084:
6078:
6061:
6055:
6051:
6035:
6031:
6022:
6018:
6005:
6001:
5980:
5976:
5970:Wayback Machine
5956:
5952:
5943:
5936:
5930:Wayback Machine
5915:
5908:
5902:Wayback Machine
5886:
5879:
5870:
5866:
5858:Bosworth, C.E.
5857:
5853:
5844:
5837:
5829:
5825:
5808:
5804:
5799:
5795:
5789:Wayback Machine
5775:
5771:
5765:Wayback Machine
5755:
5751:
5745:Wayback Machine
5735:
5731:
5721:
5717:
5708:
5704:
5693:"The Saljuqids"
5691:
5690:
5686:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5658:
5644:
5640:
5633:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5594:
5590:
5583:
5566:
5562:
5557:
5535:Seljuk princess
5529:
5507:
5485:
5479:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5436:
5430:
5423:
5406:
5402:
5396:
5379:
5373:
5358:
5351:
5345:
5329:
5322:
5316:
5300:
5293:
5284:
5264:
5257:
5248:
5093:
5084:
5078:
5063:
5054:
5048:
5028:
5022:
4999:
4993:
4970:
4964:
4941:
4935:
4912:
4906:
4891:
4881:
4860:
4853:
4847:
4668:
4662:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4619:
4615:
4609:
4589:
4583:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4536:
4530:
4514:
4508:
4504:
4491:
4485:
4468:
4461:
4455:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4267:
4261:
4257:
4246:
4235:
4232:
4226:
4212:
4206:
4192:
4186:
4172:
4166:
4150:
4149:Dawud and Ahmad
4137:
4130:
4124:
3939:
3932:
3928:
3919:
3910:
3904:
3895:
3889:
3880:
3874:
3865:
3859:
3842:
3832:
3826:
3810:
3801:
3795:
3778:
3774:
3768:
3598:
3586:
3580:
3576:
3567:
3558:
3554:
3545:
3539:
3525:
3519:
3504:
3498:
3483:
3477:
3461:
3455:
3447:
3269:
3268:Abu Bakr, Umar,
3267:
3259:
3249:
3233:
3227:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3185:
3175:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3140:
3134:
2979:
2955:
2946:
2931:
2917:
2907:
2879:
2873:
2721:
2720:The founder of
2718:
2708:
2581:
2578:
2568:
2564:
2519:
2516:
2487:
2480:
2470:
2461:
2452:, 12th-century
2443:
2434:
2420:Ghiyath ad-Din
2400:Ghiyath ad-Din
2380:Ghiyath ad-Din
2366:Ghiyath ad-Din
2359:Ghiyath ad-Din
2347:Kilij Arslan IV
2331:Ghiyath ad-Din
2307:Ghiyath ad-Din
2288:Ghiyath ad-Din
2283:Kilij Arslan II
2242:
2213:
2212:
2142:Tughlaq dynasty
2114:Delhi Sultanate
1812:Tokhara Yabghus
1773:Tiele (Gaoche)
1738:202 BCE–13th CE
1726:
1716:
1715:
1659:Belief system:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1598:Karachay-Balkar
1465:
1455:
1454:
1286:
1236:
1230:
1099:
988:
982:
864:
844:Muhammad's son
816:
804:
800:
794:
778:
767:
763:
757:
741:
730:
726:
720:
704:
693:
689:
683:
667:
656:
654:
648:
632:
621:
619:Jalāl al-Dawlah
617:
611:
595:
583:
567:
558:
542:
531:
508:
457:
437:Persian culture
425:Persian culture
417:
405:Persian culture
316:
226:
197:
193:
173:
157:
146:, dethroned by
138:
69:10th century –
58:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11154:
11144:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11126:Seljuk dynasty
11111:
11110:
11108:
11107:
11095:
11083:
11071:
11059:
11046:
11043:
11042:
11039:
11038:
11036:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11015:
11010:
11009:
11008:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10972:
10971:
10969:Radio stations
10966:
10961:
10951:
10946:
10941:
10936:
10931:
10926:
10921:
10916:
10915:
10914:
10904:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10888:
10887:
10882:
10872:
10866:
10864:
10855:
10854:
10849:
10844:
10839:
10838:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10817:
10812:
10811:
10810:
10800:
10795:
10794:
10793:
10782:
10780:
10776:
10775:
10773:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10761:
10760:
10755:
10750:
10740:
10739:
10738:
10728:
10727:
10726:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10704:Turkish people
10700:
10698:
10692:
10691:
10689:
10688:
10687:
10686:
10681:
10676:
10669:Transportation
10666:
10661:
10656:
10651:
10646:
10645:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10593:
10591:
10585:
10584:
10581:
10580:
10578:
10577:
10576:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10555:
10550:
10549:
10548:
10543:
10533:
10528:
10523:
10517:
10515:
10511:
10510:
10508:
10507:
10502:
10497:
10492:
10491:
10490:
10485:
10474:
10472:
10466:
10465:
10463:
10462:
10461:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10435:
10434:
10433:
10423:
10417:
10415:
10408:
10402:
10401:
10398:
10397:
10395:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10377:National parks
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10348:
10347:
10342:
10332:
10331:
10330:
10325:
10315:
10314:
10313:
10311:Climate change
10302:
10300:
10296:
10295:
10293:
10292:
10287:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10267:
10262:
10260:Marmara Region
10256:
10254:
10252:(west to east)
10241:
10235:
10234:
10231:
10230:
10228:
10227:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10207:
10206:
10205:
10194:
10192:
10188:
10187:
10185:
10184:
10179:
10178:
10177:
10167:
10165:Constitutional
10161:
10159:
10155:
10154:
10152:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10140:
10139:
10134:
10124:
10119:
10113:
10111:
10105:
10104:
10102:
10101:
10100:
10099:
10089:
10088:
10087:
10082:
10077:
10067:
10066:
10065:
10055:
10053:Transformation
10050:
10049:
10048:
10038:
10032:
10030:
10028:Ottoman Empire
10024:
10023:
10021:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10009:
10008:
9997:
9995:
9985:
9984:
9982:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9965:
9963:
9956:
9950:
9949:
9935:
9934:
9927:
9920:
9912:
9903:
9902:
9900:
9899:
9889:
9878:
9875:
9874:
9871:
9870:
9867:
9866:
9864:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9847:
9845:
9841:
9840:
9837:
9836:
9834:
9833:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9795:
9793:
9787:
9786:
9784:
9783:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9717:
9703:
9698:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9609:
9603:
9593:
9587:
9581:
9580:
9577:
9576:
9574:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9528:
9523:
9517:
9515:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9507:
9502:
9492:
9487:
9477:
9471:
9469:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9459:
9458:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9412:
9401:
9399:
9395:
9394:
9392:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9350:
9348:
9339:
9329:
9328:
9316:
9315:
9312:
9311:
9308:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9283:
9281:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9242:
9240:
9232:
9231:
9229:
9228:
9223:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9198:
9188:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9158:
9153:
9148:
9147:
9146:
9141:
9131:
9120:
9118:
9112:
9111:
9109:
9108:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9008:
9003:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8963:
8958:
8952:
8950:
8942:
8941:
8929:
8928:
8925:
8924:
8921:
8920:
8918:
8917:
8915:Supreme Leader
8912:
8907:
8902:
8896:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8884:
8879:
8877:Local councils
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8853:
8851:
8847:
8846:
8844:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8823:
8818:
8813:
8808:
8803:
8793:
8788:
8783:
8777:
8772:
8763:
8758:
8757:
8756:
8754:Women's rights
8751:
8746:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8716:
8711:
8701:
8695:
8693:
8685:
8684:
8672:
8671:
8668:
8667:
8665:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8608:
8607:
8605:Climate change
8597:
8592:
8591:
8590:
8585:
8575:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8553:
8552:
8549:
8548:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8489:Jiroft culture
8486:
8485:
8484:
8477:Iranic peoples
8474:
8473:
8472:
8471:
8470:
8465:
8453:Persianization
8450:
8445:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8432:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8425:
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8389:
8388:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8327:
8322:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8294:
8289:
8281:
8279:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8223:
8221:
8214:
8210:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8169:
8161:
8153:
8145:
8137:
8129:
8121:
8112:
8110:
8106:
8105:
8103:
8102:
8094:
8086:
8078:
8071:
8063:
8060:(1135/36-1225)
8055:
8047:
8039:
8031:
8022:
8020:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8004:
7996:
7988:
7980:
7972:
7964:
7956:
7948:
7939:
7937:
7930:
7924:
7923:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7916:
7907:
7905:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7897:
7889:
7881:
7873:
7870:(c.295–220 BC)
7865:
7857:
7849:
7841:
7833:
7824:
7822:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7814:
7806:
7798:
7790:
7782:
7774:
7766:
7758:
7750:
7742:
7734:
7729:Proto-Elamite
7726:
7717:
7715:
7708:
7704:
7703:
7691:
7690:
7678:
7677:
7669:
7668:
7661:
7654:
7646:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7621:Kaykhusraw III
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7556:Kilij Arslan I
7553:
7548:
7542:
7540:
7537:Sultans of Rum
7533:
7532:
7530:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7503:
7501:
7490:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7481:
7476:
7471:
7466:
7460:
7458:
7447:
7446:
7444:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7431:Arslan-Shah II
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7377:
7375:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7332:
7330:
7322:
7321:
7319:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7298:
7296:Malik-Shah III
7293:
7288:
7283:
7278:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7233:
7231:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7209:Arslan Isra'il
7206:
7201:
7196:
7190:
7188:
7184:
7183:
7176:
7175:
7168:
7161:
7153:
7147:
7146:
7134:
7127:
7121:
7108:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7071:
7042:
7035:
7006:
6999:
6970:
6963:
6934:
6927:
6898:
6891:
6845:
6838:
6819:"AHMED SENCER"
6809:
6802:
6773:
6766:
6732:
6725:
6706:"ARSLAN ARGUN"
6696:
6689:
6647:
6640:
6604:
6597:
6557:
6550:
6521:
6514:
6454:
6447:
6418:
6405:
6398:
6364:
6357:
6325:
6318:
6287:
6274:
6261:
6238:
6218:
6211:
6177:
6169:
6151:
6144:
6108:
6101:
6059:
6049:
6029:
6016:
5999:
5974:
5950:
5934:
5906:
5877:
5864:
5851:
5845:Michael Adas,
5835:
5823:
5802:
5793:
5769:
5749:
5738:Seljuq Dynasty
5729:
5715:
5702:
5684:
5663:
5656:
5638:
5631:
5613:
5606:
5588:
5581:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5528:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5517:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5474:
5472:
5461:de facto ruler
5447:
5445:
5414:
5412:
5389:
5387:
5366:
5364:
5337:
5335:
5334:. 1175 - 1177)
5326:Arslan II Shah
5308:
5306:
5272:
5270:
5269:. 1171 - 1172)
5256:. 1170 - 1171)
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5073:
5071:
5043:
5041:
5014:
5012:
4985:
4983:
4956:
4954:
4932:Malik-Shah III
4927:
4925:
4901:
4899:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4654:
4652:
4641:de facto ruler
4627:
4625:
4607:Mu'mine Khatun
4604:
4602:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4542:
4540:
4522:
4520:
4501:
4499:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4272:
4270:
4252:
4250:
4243:
4241:
4234:Last sultan of
4218:
4216:
4198:
4196:
4178:
4176:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4006:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3925:
3923:
3916:
3914:
3901:
3899:
3886:
3884:
3871:
3869:
3851:
3849:
3821:
3819:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3597:Safiyya Khatun
3595:
3593:
3575:Khadija Arslan
3573:
3571:
3564:
3562:
3551:
3549:
3531:
3529:
3514:
3512:
3493:
3491:
3475:Atsiz ibn Uvaq
3472:
3470:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3262:
3255:
3253:
3246:
3244:
3239:
3237:
3220:
3218:
3192:
3190:
3168:
3166:
3150:
3148:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2943:
2941:
2926:
2924:
2921:Seljuk dynasty
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2871:Qawam al-Dawla
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2723:Seljuk dynasty
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2584:The Oghuz army
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2464:
2462:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2408:
2398:
2388:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2361:Kaykhusraw III
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2266:
2263:Kilij Arslan I
2259:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2184:
2183:
2172:
2171:
2160:
2159:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2135:Khalji dynasty
2131:
2128:Mamluk dynasty
2121:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2097:
2096:
2090:Kerait Khanate
2085:
2084:
2073:
2072:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2048:
2047:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1932:
1931:
1920:
1919:
1908:
1907:
1896:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1871:
1860:
1859:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1788:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1766:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1740:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1284:Turkic peoples
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1265:
1232:Main article:
1229:
1226:
1214:
1213:
1204:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1140:Tadj ad-Dawla
1138:
1132:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1067:Arslan Shah II
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1034:
1024:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
984:Main article:
981:
978:
970:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
942:Malik Shah III
939:
936:
935:
934:
928:
914:
905:
863:
860:
859:
858:
838:
837:
826:
825:
822:
810:
788:
787:
784:
773:
751:
750:
747:
736:
714:
713:
710:
699:
677:
676:
673:
662:
642:
641:
638:
627:
605:
604:
601:
589:
577:
576:
573:
564:
552:
551:
548:
537:
525:
524:
521:
520:Personal name
518:
507:
504:
486:commemorating
456:
453:
416:
413:
322:branch of the
315:
312:
186:Seljuk dynasty
180:
179:
130:
126:
125:
112:
108:
107:
106:
105:
103:Emir of Aleppo
100:
95:
90:
85:
78:
74:
73:
67:
63:
62:
53:
49:
48:
39:
31:
30:
29:Seljuk dynasty
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11153:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11131:First Crusade
11129:
11127:
11124:
11123:
11121:
11106:
11105:
11096:
11094:
11093:
11084:
11082:
11081:
11072:
11070:
11069:
11060:
11058:
11057:
11052:
11048:
11047:
11044:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11014:
11011:
11007:
11004:
11003:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10970:
10967:
10965:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10956:
10955:
10952:
10950:
10947:
10945:
10942:
10940:
10937:
10935:
10932:
10930:
10927:
10925:
10922:
10920:
10917:
10913:
10910:
10909:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10867:
10865:
10863:
10859:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10822:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10809:
10806:
10805:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10792:
10789:
10788:
10787:
10784:
10783:
10781:
10777:
10771:
10768:
10766:
10763:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10745:
10744:
10741:
10737:
10734:
10733:
10732:
10729:
10725:
10722:
10721:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10697:
10693:
10685:
10682:
10680:
10677:
10675:
10672:
10671:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10655:
10652:
10650:
10647:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10624:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10594:
10592:
10590:
10586:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10560:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10538:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10518:
10516:
10512:
10506:
10503:
10501:
10498:
10496:
10493:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10480:
10479:
10476:
10475:
10473:
10471:
10467:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10440:
10439:
10436:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10427:
10424:
10422:
10419:
10418:
10416:
10412:
10409:
10407:
10403:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10346:
10343:
10341:
10340:Air pollution
10338:
10337:
10336:
10333:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10320:
10319:
10316:
10312:
10309:
10308:
10307:
10304:
10303:
10301:
10297:
10291:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10281:
10278:
10276:
10273:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10265:Aegean Region
10263:
10261:
10258:
10257:
10255:
10249:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10236:
10226:
10223:
10221:
10218:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10210:Turkification
10208:
10204:
10201:
10200:
10199:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10189:
10183:
10180:
10176:
10173:
10172:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10162:
10160:
10156:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10129:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10114:
10112:
10110:
10106:
10098:
10095:
10094:
10093:
10090:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10076:
10073:
10072:
10071:
10068:
10064:
10061:
10060:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10047:
10044:
10043:
10042:
10041:Classical Age
10039:
10037:
10034:
10033:
10031:
10029:
10025:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10007:
10004:
10003:
10002:
10001:Seljuk Empire
9999:
9998:
9996:
9994:
9990:
9986:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9966:
9964:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9951:
9947:
9942:
9933:
9928:
9926:
9921:
9919:
9914:
9913:
9910:
9898:
9894:
9890:
9888:
9880:
9879:
9876:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9848:
9846:
9842:
9832:
9831:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9796:
9794:
9792:
9788:
9781:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9741:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9721:
9718:
9715:
9711:
9710:news agencies
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9696:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9666:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9617:
9613:
9610:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9598:
9595:
9594:
9591:
9588:
9586:
9582:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9551:
9548:
9546:
9543:
9541:
9538:
9536:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9518:
9516:
9512:
9506:
9503:
9500:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9485:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9472:
9470:
9468:
9464:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9417:
9416:
9413:
9410:
9406:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9396:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9334:
9330:
9326:
9321:
9317:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9284:
9282:
9278:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9243:
9241:
9239:
9233:
9227:
9224:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9202:
9199:
9196:
9192:
9189:
9186:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9166:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9136:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9125:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9117:
9113:
9106:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9071:Privatization
9069:
9066:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8971:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8947:
8943:
8939:
8934:
8930:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8897:
8895:
8893:
8889:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8852:
8848:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8831:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8801:
8797:
8794:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8741:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8724:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8709:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8677:
8673:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8606:
8603:
8602:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8580:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8567:
8563:
8558:
8554:
8540:
8539:Years in Iran
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8475:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8463:Turco-Persian
8461:
8460:
8459:
8456:
8455:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8440:
8438:
8434:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8387:
8384:
8383:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8332:War (1980–88)
8328:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8283:
8282:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8264:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8225:
8224:
8222:
8218:
8215:
8211:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8170:
8168:
8162:
8160:
8154:
8152:
8146:
8144:
8138:
8136:
8130:
8128:
8124:Qara Qoyunlu
8122:
8120:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8107:
8101:
8095:
8093:
8087:
8085:
8079:
8077:
8072:
8070:
8064:
8062:
8056:
8054:
8048:
8046:
8040:
8038:
8032:
8030:
8024:
8023:
8021:
8017:
8011:
8005:
8003:
7997:
7995:
7989:
7987:
7981:
7979:
7973:
7971:
7965:
7963:
7957:
7955:
7949:
7947:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7934:
7931:
7925:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7902:
7896:
7890:
7888:
7882:
7880:
7874:
7872:
7866:
7864:
7858:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7842:
7840:
7834:
7832:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:550 BC–AD 224
7819:
7813:
7807:
7805:
7799:
7797:
7791:
7789:
7783:
7781:
7777:Neo-Assyrian
7775:
7773:
7767:
7765:
7759:
7757:
7751:
7749:
7743:
7741:
7735:
7733:
7727:
7725:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7683:
7679:
7674:
7667:
7662:
7660:
7655:
7653:
7648:
7647:
7644:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7601:Kaykhusraw II
7599:
7597:
7594:
7592:
7589:
7587:
7584:
7582:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7534:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7485:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7436:Turan-Shah II
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7411:Arslan-Shah I
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7370:Governors of
7368:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7325:Governors of
7323:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7306:Suleiman-Shah
7304:
7302:
7299:
7297:
7294:
7292:
7289:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7277:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7262:Malik-Shah II
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:Seljuk Empire
7225:
7221:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7174:
7169:
7167:
7162:
7160:
7155:
7154:
7151:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7114:
7109:
7105:
7101:
7097:
7093:
7088:
7087:
7074:
7068:
7064:
7060:
7053:
7046:
7038:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7017:
7010:
7002:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6981:
6974:
6966:
6960:
6956:
6952:
6945:
6938:
6930:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6909:
6902:
6894:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6873:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6841:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6820:
6813:
6805:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6784:
6777:
6769:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6728:
6722:
6718:
6714:
6707:
6700:
6692:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6671:
6664:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6643:
6637:
6633:
6629:
6622:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6600:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6579:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6553:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6532:
6525:
6517:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6459:
6450:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6415:
6409:
6401:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6360:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6339:
6332:
6330:
6321:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6284:
6278:
6271:
6265:
6258:
6254:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6235:
6231:
6229:
6222:
6214:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6184:
6182:
6172:
6166:
6162:
6155:
6147:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6126:
6125:"SELÇUKLULAR"
6119:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6104:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6053:
6046:
6042:
6038:
6037:C.E. Bosworth
6033:
6026:
6020:
6013:
6009:
6003:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5987:C.E. Bosworth
5984:
5978:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5954:
5947:
5941:
5939:
5931:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5913:
5911:
5903:
5899:
5896:
5892:
5891:
5884:
5882:
5874:
5871:Tony Jaques,
5868:
5861:
5855:
5848:
5842:
5840:
5832:
5827:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5809:Wink, Andre,
5806:
5797:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5773:
5766:
5762:
5759:
5753:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5733:
5725:
5719:
5712:
5706:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5676:
5675:
5667:
5659:
5653:
5649:
5642:
5634:
5628:
5624:
5617:
5609:
5603:
5599:
5592:
5584:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5560:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5539:Seljuk Empire
5537:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5451:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5434:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5362:
5357:
5356:
5350:. 1177–1183)
5349:
5344:
5343:
5342:Turan II Shah
5333:
5328:
5327:
5320:
5315:
5314:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5278:
5268:
5263:
5262:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5242:
5241:
5235:
5232:
5224:
5222:
5193:
5186:
5178:
5148:
5120:
5118:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5096:
5091:
5090:
5082:
5077:
5070:
5066:
5061:
5060:
5052:
5047:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5021:
5020:
5011:
5010:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4992:
4991:
4990:Suleiman-Shah
4982:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4963:
4962:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4945:
4939:
4934:
4933:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4910:
4905:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4851:
4846:
4845:
4839:
4836:
4828:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4800:
4798:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4780:
4768:
4766:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4748:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4720:
4718:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4661:
4660:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4631:
4623:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4582:
4581:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4560:
4554:
4549:
4548:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4527:Malik-Shah II
4518:
4513:
4507:
4498:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4483:
4472:
4467:
4466:
4465:Arslan I Shah
4459:
4454:
4453:
4447:
4444:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4406:
4400:
4396:
4395:
4384:
4352:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4318:
4314:
4303:
4301:
4289:
4284:
4278:
4266:
4260:
4256:
4255:Gawhar Khatun
4249:
4248:Other princes
4240:
4239:
4230:
4225:
4224:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4153:
4152:Other princes
4141:
4136:
4135:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4116:
4113:
4105:
4103:
4095:
4093:
4085:
4083:
4075:
4073:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4035:
3995:
3987:
3975:
3973:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3937:
3931:
3922:
3921:Other princes
3913:
3908:
3898:
3893:
3883:
3878:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3831:Tamghach Khan
3825:
3824:Turkan Khatun
3818:
3814:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3757:
3749:
3747:
3739:
3737:
3729:
3727:
3719:
3717:
3709:
3707:
3691:
3690:
3683:
3651:
3649:
3633:
3631:
3623:
3608:
3606:
3601:
3590:
3585:
3579:
3570:
3569:Other princes
3561:
3557:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3439:
3436:
3428:
3426:
3418:
3416:
3408:
3406:
3398:
3396:
3388:
3386:
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3350:
3318:
3316:
3292:
3290:
3282:
3277:
3275:
3261:
3252:
3243:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3157:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3118:
3116:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3030:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2981:(İnanç Yabgu)
2978:
2977:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2945:The mother of
2939:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2857:
2855:
2847:
2845:
2829:
2827:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2785:
2783:
2767:
2765:
2746:
2744:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2706:
2669:
2667:
2607:
2605:
2586:
2585:
2576:
2572:
2567:
2566:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2425:(fourth time)
2423:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:(second time)
2393:
2389:
2386:
2385:(second time)
2383:
2379:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2333:Kaykhusraw II
2330:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:(second time)
2310:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2204:
2203:
2202:Ottoman State
2199:
2198:
2193:
2192:
2191:Bahri dynasty
2188:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2041:Seljuk Empire
2038:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:Sabiri People
1841:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1646:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1248:Third Crusade
1245:
1240:
1235:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1073:Turan Shah II
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:Arslan Shah I
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
998:
996:
992:
987:
977:
975:
974:Khwarezm Shah
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
954:Suleiman-Shah
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
932:
929:
926:
922:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:
906:
903:
900:
899:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
877:
873:
868:
857:
855:
851:
847:
842:
841:
835:
831:
827:
815:
803:
793:
789:
777:
766:
756:
752:
740:
739:Malik Shah II
729:
719:
715:
703:
692:
682:
678:
666:
647:
643:
631:
620:
610:
606:
593:
582:
578:
557:
553:
541:
530:
526:
515:
512:
500:
495:
489:
485:
481:
480:Toghrol Tower
477:
470:
466:
461:
455:Seljuk rulers
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:and used the
426:
422:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:Kazakh Steppe
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
314:Early history
311:
309:
308:First Crusade
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:Seljuk Empire
285:
281:
277:
276:Turco-Persian
273:
269:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
235:
231:
230:
221:
191:
187:
177:
170:
166:
165:
161:
154:
149:
145:
144:
135:
131:
127:
123:
120:
116:
113:
109:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
88:Sultan of Rum
86:
84:
81:
80:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
56:Seljuk Empire
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
21:Seljuk Empire
11102:
11090:
11078:
11066:
11054:
10939:Illumination
10875:Architecture
10803:Human rights
10791:Universities
10709:Ethnic Kurds
10696:Demographics
10607:Construction
9988:
9844:Other topics
9828:
9756:Persian name
9695:Islamization
9637:
9597:Architecture
9550:universities
9495:Zoroastrians
9490:Christianity
9480:Baháʼí Faith
9430:Azerbaijanis
9337:Demographics
9151:Construction
9139:Central Bank
9081:Space Agency
8976:Child labour
8811:Principlists
8791:Cyberwarfare
8739:Human rights
8704:Constitution
8499:Azerbaijanis
8468:Indo-Persian
8448:Greater Iran
8319:siege (1980)
8278:1979–present
7929:early modern
7927:Medieval and
7721:Kura-Araxes
7631:Kayqubad III
7576:Kaykhusraw I
7421:Toghrul-Shah
7401:Turan-Shah I
7361:Ahmad Sanjar
7356:Arslan-Argun
7276:Ahmad Sanjar
7247:Malik-Shah I
7179:
7141:
7130:
7112:
7098:(1): 54–70.
7095:
7091:
7058:
7045:
7022:
7009:
6986:
6973:
6950:
6937:
6914:
6901:
6878:
6825:
6812:
6789:
6776:
6753:
6712:
6699:
6676:
6627:
6584:
6537:
6524:
6501:
6434:
6421:
6413:
6408:
6385:
6344:
6305:
6302:"MÛSÂ YABGU"
6282:
6277:
6269:
6264:
6249:
6241:
6236:1332, p. 10.
6226:
6221:
6198:
6192:"KAVURD BEY"
6160:
6154:
6131:
6088:
6052:
6044:
6040:
6032:
6024:
6019:
6007:
6002:
5982:
5977:
5953:
5945:
5916:
5888:
5872:
5867:
5859:
5854:
5846:
5830:
5826:
5810:
5805:
5796:
5777:
5772:
5752:
5732:
5718:
5710:
5705:
5696:
5687:
5673:
5666:
5647:
5641:
5622:
5616:
5597:
5591:
5572:
5563:
5512:
5484:. 1210–1225)
5481:
5460:
5457:. 1191–1210)
5454:
5431:
5425:
5416:
5411:. 1114–1117)
5408:
5403:
5401:. 1113–1114)
5398:
5391:
5378:. 1095–1113)
5375:
5368:
5363:. 1183–1187)
5360:
5352:
5347:
5339:
5331:
5323:
5318:
5310:
5302:
5294:
5292:. 1172–1175)
5289:
5281:
5274:
5266:
5258:
5253:
5244:
5237:
5086:
5083:. 1186-1191)
5080:
5076:Qizil Arslan
5056:
5053:. 1175–1186)
5050:
5029:
5027:. 1160–1177)
5024:
5016:
5000:
4998:. 1159–1160)
4995:
4987:
4971:
4969:. 1153–1159)
4966:
4958:
4942:
4940:. 1152–1153)
4937:
4929:
4913:
4911:. 1131–1132)
4908:
4903:
4887:
4876:
4872:
4865:. 1156–1170)
4862:
4857:Toghrul Shah
4854:
4852:. 1142–1156)
4849:
4841:
4669:
4667:. 1134–1152)
4664:
4656:
4640:
4637:. 1160–1175)
4634:
4621:
4616:
4590:
4588:. 1132–1134)
4585:
4577:
4559:First sultan
4557:
4555:. 1118–1131)
4552:
4544:
4537:
4535:. 1104-1105)
4532:
4524:
4505:
4490:. 1095–1104)
4487:
4480:
4473:. 1101–1142)
4470:
4462:
4460:. 1097–1101)
4457:
4449:
4288:Al-Mustazhir
4276:
4258:
4247:
4238:Great Seljuk
4233:
4231:. 1118–1153)
4228:
4223:Ahmad Sanjar
4220:
4213:
4211:. 1105–1118)
4208:
4200:
4193:
4191:. 1092–1104)
4188:
4180:
4173:
4171:. 1092–1094)
4168:
4160:
4151:
4142:. 1085–1097)
4139:
4134:Turan I Shah
4131:
4129:. 1074–1085)
4126:
4118:
3929:
3920:
3909:. 1092–1097)
3906:
3903:Arslan-Argun
3894:. 1083–1092)
3891:
3879:. 1066–1083)
3876:
3866:
3864:. 1072–1092)
3861:
3856:Malik-Shah I
3853:
3828:
3812:
3800:. 1079–1095)
3797:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3773:. 1073–1074)
3770:
3762:
3599:
3577:
3568:
3555:
3546:
3544:. 1063–1072)
3541:
3533:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3503:. 1086–1094)
3500:
3482:. 1076–1079)
3479:
3462:
3460:. 1048–1073)
3457:
3441:
3257:
3250:
3242:Ibrahim Inal
3232:. 1040–1060)
3229:
3222:
3209:First sultan
3207:
3205:. 1037–1063)
3202:
3194:
3176:
3170:
3158:. 1069–1071)
3155:
3139:. 1028–1048)
3136:
2983:Governor of
2980:
2974:
2937:
2933:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2909:
2904:Arslan Yabgu
2902:
2878:. 1012–1028)
2875:
2722:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2561:
2424:
2415:(third time)
2414:
2412:Kayqubad III
2405:(third time)
2404:
2394:
2392:Kayqubad III
2384:
2375:Kayqubad III
2345:Rukn ad-Din
2311:
2309:Kaykhusraw I
2290:Kaykhusraw I
2274:Rukn ad-Din
2200:
2189:
2175:
2165:Golden Horde
2163:
2151:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2076:
2064:
2053:
2039:
2027:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1980:
1973:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1877:Kangar Union
1875:
1863:
1851:
1842:
1809:
1782:
1771:
1757:
1746:
1732:
1252:
1216:
1215:
1208:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1153:
1128:
1111:Malik Shah I
1084:
1031:Turan Shah I
1025:
1020:Hussain Omar
989:
971:
880:
876:Malik Shah I
850:Ahmad Sanjar
843:
814:Ahmad Sanjar
802:Muizz al-Din
801:
791:
764:
754:
744:ملک شاہ دوم
728:Muizz al-Din
727:
717:
690:
680:
645:
635:ملک شاہ یکم
630:Malik Shah I
624:جلال الدولہ
618:
608:
580:
555:
528:
509:
418:
415:Later period
382:
364:
317:
284:Central Asia
265:Sunni Muslim
261:Oghuz Turkic
256:
252:
249:Seljuk Turks
248:
244:
240:
189:
185:
183:
168:
153:Great Seljuk
152:
150:
142:
133:
11092:WikiProject
11023:Video games
10815:Individuals
10808:LGBT rights
10798:Health care
10765:Immigration
10546:Gendarmerie
10505:Referendums
10421:Legislative
10318:Earthquakes
10203:Oghuz Turks
10092:Dissolution
9861:Tehrangeles
9824:Traditional
9561:Nationality
9499:persecution
9484:persecution
9435:Circassians
9384:Neo-Aramaic
9364:Azerbaijani
9236:State-owned
9161:Health care
9124:Agriculture
8961:Brain drain
8900:Ambassadors
8595:Earthquakes
8132:Aq Qoyunlu
8081:Muzaffarid
8058:Eldiguzids
8050:Anushtegin
7876:Kingdom of
7852:Kingdom of
7844:Kingdom of
7836:Atropatene
7828:Achaemenid
7769:Kingdom of
7714:3400–539 BC
7616:Kayqubad II
7581:Suleiman II
7539:(1092–1307)
7527:Sultan-Shah
7500:(1086–1117)
7457:(1076–1105)
7426:Bahram-Shah
7396:Sultan-Shah
7386:Kerman-Shah
7374:(1048–1188)
7351:Toghan-Shah
7346:Arslan-Shah
7329:(1040–1118)
7316:Toghrul III
7311:Arslan-Shah
7301:Muhammad II
7230:(1037–1194)
7214:Musa Yabghu
6747:"BERKYARUK"
6082:"ÇAĞRI BEY"
5724:Saljuq-nama
5433:Last sultan
5419:Toghrul III
5404:Sultan Shah
5297:Bahrām Shah
5261:Bahrām Shah
5089:Toghrul III
5069:Arslan-Shah
5059:Toghrul III
5019:Arslan-Shah
4961:Muhammad II
4650:Arslan-Shah
4503:Mah-i Malak
4121:Sultan Shah
3936:Kara-Khanid
3873:Arslan-Shah
3837:Kara-Khanid
3765:Kerman Shah
3260:Hasan Yabgu
3248:Artash Inal
3224:Chaghri Beg
3182:the founder
3132:Abu Kalijar
2985:Tokharistan
2912:. ? –
2713:. ? –
2573:. ? –
2563:Tuqaq Temur
2485:Family tree
2474:sarcophagus
2410:Ala ad-Din
2390:Ala ad-Din
2373:Ala ad-Din
2354:Kayqubad II
2352:Ala ad-Din
2338:Izz ad-Din
2324:Ala ad-Din
2317:Izz ad-Din
2296:Suleyman II
2281:Izz ad-Din
1816:Turk Shahis
1763:71 BC–?? AD
1481:Azerbaijani
1302:Oghuz Turks
1148:Sultan Shah
1131:) 1094–1095
1129:second time
1087:Malik Dinar
1061:Bahram-Shah
1055:Tuğrul Shah
1014:Sultan Shah
1008:Kerman Shah
966:Toghrul III
960:Arslan-Shah
948:Muhammad II
933:, 1132–1133
781:محمد تاپار
594:(Arslan I)
356:Oghuz Turks
328:Caspian Sea
324:Oghuz Turks
278:culture in
160:Toghrul III
129:Dissolution
115:Sunni Islam
11120:Categories
10964:Newspapers
10949:Literature
10929:Folk dance
10830:Corruption
10714:Minorities
10642:Renewables
10597:Automotive
10406:Government
10137:Secularism
9761:Philosophy
9720:newspapers
9701:Literature
9606:architects
9601:Achaemenid
9521:Corruption
8981:Corruption
8821:Reformists
8816:Propaganda
8714:Corruption
8699:Censorship
8642:Lake Urmia
8330:Iran–Iraq
8026:Ghaznavid
7904:AD 224–651
7868:Frataraka
7700:Prehistory
7606:Kaykaus II
7596:Kayqubad I
7561:Malik-Shah
7551:Suleiman I
7522:Alp Arslan
7341:Alp Arslan
7286:Tughril II
7267:Muhammad I
7242:Alp Arslan
6944:"TUĞRUL I"
6670:"MELİKŞAH"
6428:"AKSUNGUR"
6379:"KUTALMIŞ"
6281:Müstevfî,
6228:Selcûḳnâme
5555:References
5491:Eldiguzids
5470:Eldiguzids
5393:Alp Arslan
5099:Eldiguzids
4617:until 1134
4613:Toghrul II
4580:Toghrul II
4517:Al-Muqtadi
4183:Bark-Yaruq
3888:Doğan-Shah
3536:Alp Arslan
3517:2.Suleiman
3444:Qawurd-Beg
2976:Mûsâ Yabgu
2964:Yûsuf Inal
2959:and Artash
2936:. ? -
2705:Seljuk Beg
2340:Kaykaus II
2326:Kayqubad I
2269:Malik Shah
2256:Suleyman I
1889:Turk Shahi
1571:Karakalpak
1049:Muhammad I
931:Toghrul II
895:Eldiguzids
824:1118–1153
807:معز الدین
786:1105–1118
749:1104–1105
733:معز الدین
712:1094–1105
702:Barkiyaruq
675:1092–1094
640:1072–1092
603:1063–1072
598:الپ ارسلان
592:Alp Arslan
570:سلیمان شاہ
550:1037–1063
445:literature
375:Ghaznavids
272:Persianate
111:Traditions
45:Kayqubad I
11141:Maturidis
11018:TV series
10976:Miniature
10919:Festivals
10835:Terrorism
10786:Education
10719:Languages
10563:Air Force
10478:Elections
10426:Executive
10372:Mountains
10239:Geography
10158:Overviews
10097:Partition
10063:Tulip era
9726:Mythology
9632:Calendars
9622:Astronomy
9531:Education
9440:Georgians
9425:Assyrians
9420:Armenians
9346:Languages
9238:companies
9201:Transport
9181:Petroleum
8966:Companies
8905:President
8892:Officials
8826:Terrorism
8775:Air Force
8719:Elections
8657:Provinces
8652:Mountains
8562:Geography
8482:languages
8220:1925–1979
8148:Afsharid
8109:1370–1925
8097:Chobanid
7991:Saffarid
7943:Rashidun
7911:Sasanian
7892:Kings of
7884:Parthian
7860:Seleucid
7801:Scythian
7761:Kassites
7745:Akkadian
7591:Kaykaus I
7546:Qutalmish
7507:Aq Sunqur
7494:Governors
7479:Tutush II
7451:Governors
7406:Iran-Shah
7272:Mahmud II
7257:Berkyaruq
7237:Tughril I
6412:Beyhakī,
5283:Arslan II
5247:Arslan II
4873:Tutush II
4622:from 1136
4547:Mahmud II
4265:Ghaznavid
3454:of Kirman
3197:Toghrul I
3172:Qutalmish
3164:Palestine
3152:Kurlu Bey
3147:in Kirman
2940:. ?)
2919:Chief of
2717:. ?)
2577:. ?)
2565:Yalig Beg
2427:1303–1307
2417:1301–1303
2407:1294–1301
2397:1293–1294
2387:1284–1293
2370:1282–1284
2363:1265–1282
2356:1249–1257
2349:1248–1265
2342:1246–1260
2335:1237–1246
2328:1220–1237
2321:1211–1220
2319:Kaykaus I
2314:1205–1211
2304:1204–1205
2292:1192–1196
2285:1156–1192
2278:1116–1156
2271:1107–1116
2265:1092–1107
2252:1060–1077
2250:Kutalmish
2206:1299–1922
2181:1250–1517
2169:1242–1502
2157:1224–1266
2118:1206–1526
2106:1136–1225
2082:1077–1231
2070:1067–1239
2045:1037–1194
1865:Xueyantuo
1707:Grey wolf
1689:Ergenekon
1665:Shamanism
1437:Krymchaks
1347:Kutrigurs
1222:Toghtekin
1201:Tutush II
1197:1095–1104
1190:1079–1095
1183:1076–1079
1179:Aziz ibn
1150:1114–1123
1144:1113–1114
1137:1095–1113
1120:1087–1094
1106:1085–1086
1093:in 1196.
1075:1176–1183
1051:1142–1156
1045:1101–1142
1022:1075–1084
1010:1073–1074
968:1177–1194
962:1161–1177
956:1159–1161
950:1153–1159
944:1152–1153
913:1131–1132
904:1118–1131
902:Mahmud II
846:Mahmud II
819:احمد سنجر
670:محمود یکم
540:Tughril I
387:. At the
369:, in the
360:Syr Darya
344:Turkestan
334:in their
280:West Asia
259:, was an
257:Saljuqids
241:Saljuqian
190:Seljukids
148:Toghtekin
11068:Category
11006:Football
10991:Painting
10934:Folklore
10842:Marriage
10748:Istanbul
10731:Religion
10684:Railways
10674:Aviation
10612:Currency
10470:Politics
10438:Judicial
10414:Branches
10392:Wildlife
10182:Military
10170:Economic
10075:Tanzimat
9887:Category
9780:football
9771:Scouting
9681:Iranians
9671:Folklore
9467:Religion
9379:Georgian
9359:Armenian
9220:shipping
9215:railways
9205:airlines
9171:Industry
9036:Taxation
8850:Councils
8766:Military
8681:Politics
8662:Wildlife
8627:Caucasus
8509:Persians
8436:See also
8260:Iranian
8227:Pahlavi
8140:Safavid
8116:Timurid
8019:977–1432
7999:Ziyarid
7975:Tahirid
7967:Samanid
7959:Abbasid
7951:Umayyad
7936:632–1090
7753:Lullubi
7737:Elamite
7626:Mesud II
7512:Tutush I
7469:Tutush I
7455:Damascus
7327:Khorasan
7252:Mahmud I
7140:(1971).
6045:Mathnawī
5966:Archived
5926:Archived
5898:Archived
5785:Archived
5761:Archived
5741:Archived
5727:Empire")
5571:(2002).
5527:See also
4611:wife of
4510:married
4506:Princess
4452:Iranshah
4281:married
4277:Princess
4263:married
4259:Princess
4163:Mahmud I
3934:married
3930:Princess
3845:Mahmud I
3600:Princess
3589:Al-Qa'im
3582:married
3578:Princess
3496:Aksungur
3251:(Artāsh)
2884:Governor
2450:fritware
2446:Shatranj
2422:Mesud II
2402:Mesud II
2382:Mesud II
2368:Mesud II
2033:963–1186
2021:860–1091
2009:856–1335
1997:848–1036
1965:840–1212
1941:750–1055
1917:743–1035
1857:618–1048
1784:Göktürks
1759:Dingling
1661:Tengrism
1634:Krymchak
1374:Kipchaks
1311:Saragurs
1188:Tutush I
1172:Damascus
1157:Artuqids
1125:Tutush I
1104:Tutush I
883:Abbasids
854:Khurasan
707:برکیارق
665:Mahmud I
566:Suleiman
449:language
332:Aral Sea
304:Anatolia
238:سلجوقیان
176:Mesud II
141:Baktāsh
134:Damascus
119:Maturidi
11104:Outline
11080:Commons
11013:Theater
10996:Pottery
10912:Ottoman
10907:Cuisine
10885:Ottoman
10862:Culture
10847:Poverty
10779:Society
10664:Tourism
10617:Defense
10589:Economy
10431:Cabinet
10362:Geology
10306:Climate
10248:Regions
10175:Ottoman
9993:Beyliks
9989:Seljuks
9954:History
9830:Ey Iran
9778: (
9738: (
9714:student
9712: (
9708: (
9693: (
9661:Cuisine
9646:Fashion
9634: (
9614: (
9599: (
9585:Culture
9533: (
9497: (
9482: (
9455:Turkmen
9407: (
9398:Peoples
9369:Kurdish
9325:Society
9226:Tourism
9203: (
9193: (
9183: (
9163: (
9156:Defense
9126: (
9116:Sectors
9103: (
9063: (
8968: (
8949:General
8938:Economy
8828: (
8798: (
8768: (
8721: (
8706: (
8692:General
8647:Islands
8583:largest
8573:Borders
8042:Seljuk
8034:Ghurid
7983:Alavid
7793:Median
7785:Urartu
7707:Ancient
7687:History
7566:Mesud I
7336:Chaghri
7226:of the
7224:Sultans
6531:"TUTUŞ"
6012:Ottoman
5833:, p. 51
5747:article
5489:of the
5468:of the
5442:Seljuks
5321:. 1175)
5305:. 1175)
5097:of the
5038:Seljuks
5009:Seljuks
4980:Seljuks
4951:Seljuks
4922:Seljuks
4904:2.Dawud
4897:Dimashq
4890:. 1104)
4884:Baktāsh
4678:Seljuks
4630:Ildeniz
4599:Seljuks
4568:Seljuks
4515:caliph
4512:Abbasid
4497:Dimashq
4286:caliph
4283:Abbasid
4274:Sayyeda
3840:dynasty
3833:Ibrahim
3807:Dimashq
3783:. 1074)
3587:caliph
3584:Abbasid
3524:. 1063)
3489:Dimashq
3258:Abu Ali
2957:Ibrahim
2952:Chaghri
2948:Toghrul
2916:. 1032)
2476:at the
2472:Seljuk
2432:Gallery
2276:Mesud I
1953:756–940
1929:744–840
1905:699–766
1893:665-850
1881:659–750
1869:628–646
1834:682–744
1826:581–650
1805:581–657
1797:552–581
1562:Qasgqai
1553:Chuvash
1544:Bashkir
1517:Turkmen
1472:Turkish
1428:Dolgans
1392:Uyghurs
1356:Karluks
1329:Bulgars
1320:Utigurs
1293:Onogurs
1209:(Ertaş)
1164:Sultans
1155:To the
887:Baghdad
397:Tughril
393:Isfahan
379:Tughril
338:in the
268:dynasty
255:or the
245:Seljuqs
234:Persian
174:1308 –
158:1194 –
143:(Ertaş)
139:1104 –
66:Founded
52:Country
11056:Portal
11001:Sports
10902:Cinema
10897:Carpet
10880:Seljuk
10870:Anthem
10753:Ankara
10622:Energy
10514:Topics
10382:Rivers
10299:Topics
10191:Topics
9946:Turkey
9897:Portal
9656:Cinema
9638:Nowruz
9535:higher
9409:abroad
9374:Hebrew
9280:Places
9176:Mining
9001:Energy
8578:Cities
8494:Aryans
8213:Modern
8164:Qajar
8007:Buyid
7675:topics
7517:Ridwan
7498:Aleppo
7484:Irtash
7391:Husein
7381:Qawurd
7372:Kerman
7204:Mikail
7199:Seljuk
7119:
7069:
7033:
6997:
6961:
6925:
6889:
6836:
6800:
6764:
6723:
6687:
6638:
6595:
6548:
6512:
6445:
6414:Târîḫ,
6396:
6355:
6316:
6257:Ankara
6234:Tahran
6209:
6167:
6142:
6099:
5817:
5654:
5629:
5604:
5579:
5533:Khatun
5513:Notes:
5487:Atabeg
5466:Atabeg
5385:Aleppo
5280:&
5277:Bahrām
5240:Bahrām
5095:Atabeg
5065:Atabeg
5031:Sultan
5002:Sultan
4973:Sultan
4944:Sultan
4915:Sultan
4878:Artash
4875:&
4671:Sultan
4646:Atabeg
4592:Sultan
3817:Aleppo
3803:Sultan
3792:Tutush
3556:Prince
3510:Aleppo
3506:Sultan
3464:Kerman
3449:Seljuk
3178:Father
2888:Kerman
2261:Dawud
1625:Karaim
1616:Gagauz
1535:Kyrgyz
1508:Uyghur
1499:Kazakh
1419:Yakuts
1410:Kumyks
1401:Tatars
1002:Qavurt
991:Kerman
927:) 1132
917:Mas'ud
792:Sultan
755:Sultan
718:Sultan
681:Sultan
646:Sultan
609:Sultan
581:Sultan
523:Reign
488:Toğrül
484:Tehran
447:, and
421:Persia
384:dehqan
367:Persia
352:Yabghu
348:Seljuk
164:Tekish
122:Hanafi
77:Titles
71:Seljuk
10986:Names
10981:Music
10954:Media
10825:Crime
10758:İzmir
10367:Lakes
10352:Fauna
9791:Music
9776:Sport
9706:Media
9691:Islam
9627:Blogs
9571:Women
9526:Crime
9514:Other
9475:Islam
9445:Kurds
9210:metro
9128:fruit
9086:Setad
8156:Zand
8066:Kart
7474:Duqaq
7464:Atsiz
7291:Masud
7281:Dawud
7194:Tuqaq
7055:(PDF)
7019:(PDF)
6983:(PDF)
6947:(PDF)
6911:(PDF)
6875:(PDF)
6822:(PDF)
6786:(PDF)
6750:(PDF)
6709:(PDF)
6673:(PDF)
6624:(PDF)
6581:(PDF)
6534:(PDF)
6498:(PDF)
6431:(PDF)
6382:(PDF)
6341:(PDF)
6195:(PDF)
6128:(PDF)
6085:(PDF)
5678:(PDF)
5439:Iraqi
5381:Malik
5035:Iraqi
5006:Iraqi
4977:Iraqi
4948:Iraqi
4919:Iraqi
4675:Iraqi
4659:Masud
4596:Iraqi
4565:Iraqi
4482:Duqaq
3927:Aisha
3142:Buyid
2969:Yûnus
2881:Buyid
2005:Qocho
1703:Sheka
1693:Asena
1679:Ülgen
1675:Kayra
1607:Tuvan
1589:Kumyk
1580:Sakha
1526:Tatar
1490:Uzbek
1365:Kimek
1338:Sabir
1219:Burid
1195:Duqaq
1168:Emirs
995:Umman
921:Jibal
911:Dawud
891:emirs
834:Oghuz
797:سلطان
760:سلطان
723:سلطان
686:سلطان
651:سلطان
614:سلطان
586:سلطان
575:1063
320:Kinik
229:-juuk
188:, or
11028:Wine
10924:Flag
10627:Coal
10573:Navy
10568:Land
10036:Rise
9991:and
9819:Rock
9804:Jazz
9799:Folk
9665:wine
9450:Jews
8780:Navy
8770:Army
8749:LGBT
7673:Iran
7274:and
7117:ISBN
7067:ISBN
7031:ISBN
6995:ISBN
6959:ISBN
6923:ISBN
6887:ISBN
6834:ISBN
6798:ISBN
6762:ISBN
6721:ISBN
6685:ISBN
6636:ISBN
6593:ISBN
6546:ISBN
6510:ISBN
6443:ISBN
6394:ISBN
6353:ISBN
6314:ISBN
6207:ISBN
6165:ISBN
6140:ISBN
6097:ISBN
5963:LINK
5923:LINK
5895:LINK
5821:p. 9
5815:ISBN
5782:LINK
5758:LINK
5652:ISBN
5627:ISBN
5602:ISBN
5577:ISBN
5437:The
5285:Shah
5249:Shah
4893:Amir
4563:The
4493:Amir
4236:The
3938:khan
3809:and
3485:Amir
3452:Shah
3213:The
3145:Amir
2454:Iran
2377:1284
1705:and
1691:and
1677:and
1663:and
1242:The
1212:1104
1203:1104
923:and
919:(in
870:The
545:طغرل
497:The
465:Iran
407:and
330:and
300:Iran
282:and
184:The
178:died
10892:Art
10637:Oil
10632:Gas
9809:Pop
9612:Art
9195:TCI
7496:of
7453:of
7100:doi
5383:of
5353:18.
5340:17.
5324:16.
5311:15.
5295:14.
5275:13.
5259:12.
5245:11.
5238:10.
5067:of
5033:of
5004:of
4975:of
4946:of
4917:of
4895:of
4886:) (
4673:of
4648:of
4594:of
4495:of
3835:of
3805:of
3508:of
3487:of
3180:of
2886:in
2582:of
1170:of
885:of
561:بیگ
556:Bey
534:بیگ
529:Bey
441:art
395:by
342:of
302:to
227:SEL
169:Rum
11122::
10959:TV
7094:.
7057:.
7021:.
6985:.
6949:.
6913:.
6877:.
6848:^
6824:.
6788:.
6752:.
6735:^
6711:.
6675:.
6650:^
6626:.
6607:^
6583:.
6560:^
6536:.
6500:.
6457:^
6433:.
6384:.
6367:^
6343:.
6328:^
6304:.
6290:^
6248:,
6197:.
6180:^
6130:.
6111:^
6087:.
6062:^
5993:,
5989:;
5937:^
5909:^
5880:^
5838:^
5695:.
5435:of
5417:9.
5243:,
5017:8.
4988:7.
4959:6.
4930:5.
4855:9.
4842:8.
4657:4.
4578:3.
4561:of
4545:1.
4525:7.
4463:7.
4450:6.
4221:9.
4201:8.
4181:6.
4161:5.
4132:5.
4119:4.
3854:4.
3763:2.
3534:3.
3442:1.
3211:of
3195:1.
3184:of
2950:,
2456:.
1818:)
1814:,
1175::
997:.
897:.
451:.
443:,
439:,
310:.
263:,
251:,
236::
232:;
211:dʒ
9931:e
9924:t
9917:v
9782:)
9742:)
9722:)
9716:)
9697:)
9667:)
9663:(
9642:)
9640:)
9618:)
9608:)
9552:)
9501:)
9486:)
9411:)
9222:)
9197:)
9187:)
9167:)
9130:)
9107:)
9067:)
8972:)
8832:)
8802:)
8782:)
8725:)
8710:)
7665:e
7658:t
7651:v
7172:e
7165:t
7158:v
7125:.
7106:.
7102::
7096:9
7075:.
7039:.
7003:.
6967:.
6931:.
6895:.
6842:.
6806:.
6770:.
6729:.
6693:.
6644:.
6601:.
6554:.
6518:.
6451:.
6402:.
6361:.
6322:.
6253:,
6230:,
6215:.
6173:.
6148:.
6105:.
5904:)
5791:)
5780:(
5767:)
5699:.
5660:.
5635:.
5610:.
5585:.
5482:r
5480:(
5455:r
5453:(
5426:r
5424:(
5409:r
5407:(
5399:r
5397:(
5376:r
5374:(
5361:r
5359:(
5348:r
5346:(
5332:r
5330:(
5319:r
5317:(
5303:r
5301:(
5290:r
5288:(
5267:r
5265:(
5254:r
5252:(
5081:r
5079:(
5051:r
5049:(
5025:r
5023:(
4996:r
4994:(
4967:r
4965:(
4938:r
4936:(
4909:r
4907:(
4888:r
4882:(
4863:r
4861:(
4850:r
4848:(
4665:r
4663:(
4635:r
4633:(
4586:r
4584:(
4553:r
4551:(
4533:r
4531:(
4488:r
4486:(
4471:r
4469:(
4458:r
4456:(
4229:r
4227:(
4209:r
4207:(
4189:r
4187:(
4169:r
4167:(
4140:r
4138:(
4127:r
4125:(
3907:r
3905:(
3892:r
3890:(
3877:r
3875:(
3862:r
3860:(
3813:r
3811:(
3798:r
3796:(
3781:r
3779:(
3771:r
3769:(
3591:.
3542:r
3540:(
3522:r
3520:(
3501:r
3499:(
3480:r
3478:(
3458:r
3456:(
3230:r
3228:(
3203:r
3201:(
3156:r
3154:(
3137:r
3135:(
2954:,
2938:d
2934:b
2932:(
2914:d
2910:b
2908:(
2876:r
2874:(
2715:d
2711:b
2709:(
2575:d
2571:b
2569:(
2511:e
2504:t
2497:v
2460:.
2237:e
2230:t
2223:v
1810:(
1166:/
1127:(
812:*
471:.
220:/
217:k
214:ʊ
208:l
205:ɛ
202:s
199:ˈ
196:/
192:(
171::
155::
136::
124:)
117:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
