432:, was told he was being "detained", but was not told he was being "arrested" and could be charged with the murder of his daughter. The Court found section 10(a) was not infringed. Section 10(a) is meant to ensure those arrested or detained are aware of the gravity of the situation. Latimer argued that since the police did not call the detention an arrest, he was not fully aware of the severity of the trouble he was in. He also claimed this was the reason why he had declined to talk to a lawyer. The Court argued the words used did not matter, but rather how the suspect can interpret the situation. Latimer could be expected to understand the seriousness of the situation since he was told he was being detained in connection with his daughter's death. The police had explicitly said the situation was serious, and had told him of rights one has when being arrested.
1586:
1546:
1598:
1558:
389:, the Supreme Court stated that "detention" refers to a suspension of an individual's liberty interest by a significant physical or psychological restraint. Psychological detention is established either where the individual has a legal obligation to comply with the restrictive request or demand, or a reasonable person would conclude from the state conduct that there was no choice but to comply.
444:
is considered to be important, and the courts have been understanding if, even in cases in which the person arrested or detained preferred not to see any lawyer, it is later argued section 10 is violated because the arrested or detained person did not know any better. This applies, for example, to
392:
In cases without physical restraint or legal obligation, it may not be clear whether a person has been detained. To determine whether a reasonable person in the individual's circumstances would conclude they had been deprived by the state of the liberty of choice, the court may consider,
401:
The circumstances giving rise to the encounter as would reasonably be perceived by the individual: whether the police were providing general assistance; maintaining general order; making general inquiries regarding a particular occurrence; or, singling out the individual for focussed
1232:
896:
405:
The nature of the police conduct, including the language used; the use of physical contact; the place where the interaction occurred; the presence of others; and the duration of the encounter.
346:
1110:
167:
342:
1253:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
279:
267:
263:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
215:
203:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
163:
151:
139:
135:
131:
127:
1412:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
891:
871:
119:
115:
111:
99:
87:
83:
79:
67:
55:
1025:
43:
408:
The particular characteristics or circumstances of the individual where relevant, including age; physical stature; minority status; level of sophistication.
468:
1618:
637:
1248:
452:
Section 10 has also been held not only to guarantee the right to see a lawyer, but also a right to be told that one may see a lawyer, a right to
1280:
886:
881:
876:
853:
848:
843:
723:
303:
820:
815:
657:
1216:
662:
1017:
320:
22:
1301:
810:
1328:
600:
Dyck, Rand. Canadian
Politics: Critical Approaches. Third ed. (Scarborough, Ontario: Nelson Thomson Learning, 2000), p. 439.
1442:
630:
1525:
456:, and a right to be told that one may seek legal aid. Although the right to counsel itself could be found in the 1960
609:
Morton, F.L. and Rainer Knopff. The
Charter Revolution & the Court Party. Toronto: Broadview Press, 2000, page 38.
1296:
838:
682:
341:. As a part of a broader range of legal rights guaranteed by the Charter, section 10 rights may be limited by the
497:(1994) the Supreme Court ruled that rights to be informed that one may seek counsel included rights to be told of
1562:
1381:
703:
623:
296:
1477:
1291:
349:. However, section 10 has also spawned considerable litigation, and has made an impact in numerous cases.
1431:
953:
698:
1576:
988:
932:
708:
472:(1978), the Supreme Court found the right to be told that one may see a lawyer did not exist even in a
1350:
1333:
782:
289:
787:
765:
328:
572:
1515:
1457:
1345:
770:
718:
667:
466:
that one may see counsel is new to
Canadian bills of rights. Indeed, in the Bill of Rights case
458:
425:
1520:
1472:
1306:
1008:
797:
754:
646:
35:
446:
1467:
1462:
1402:
420:
998:
8:
1407:
805:
534:
1487:
1482:
1447:
1316:
938:
775:
693:
1397:
1360:
735:
368:
b) to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right; and
1311:
993:
958:
948:
441:
417:
Section 10(a) requires that a person who is arrested or detained must be told why.
1392:
1338:
1323:
429:
1612:
1590:
1550:
1452:
1355:
729:
512:
481:
337:
922:
498:
493:
943:
615:
559:
477:
1602:
977:
713:
453:
386:
385:
Section 10 is only triggered if a person is arrested or detained. In
1597:
473:
332:
324:
681:
371:
c) to have the validity of the detention determined by way of
501:
and how to obtain it (e.g., through a free telephone call).
445:
cases in which the arrested or detained person has a low
923:
Amendments and other constitutional documents 1867–1982
1505:
1430:
1574:
1007:
796:
412:
1210:
Part II – Rights of the
Aboriginal peoples of Canada
365:
a) to be informed promptly of the reasons therefor;
375:and to be released if the detention is not lawful.
361:10. Everyone has the right on arrest or detention
529:
527:
1610:
1226:Part III – Equalization and regional disparities
1018:Part I – Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
476:of the Bill of Rights. "In effect," Professors
484:write, "section 10(b) of the Charter overrules
730:Report on the Affairs of British North America
524:
631:
297:
16:Constitutional rights on arrest or detention
724:Declaration of Independence of Lower Canada
573:"Judgements of the Supreme Court of Canada"
683:Pre-Confederation constitutional documents
645:
638:
624:
428:considered an argument in which a person,
304:
290:
1380:
1619:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
999:Kitchen Accord/Night of the Long Knives
892:Fines and penalties for provincial laws
321:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1611:
596:
594:
1504:
1429:
1379:
1329:Individual ministerial responsibility
1278:
975:
921:
752:
680:
619:
897:Matters of a local or private nature
331:, including the rights to consult a
1526:Constitution Act (British Columbia)
591:
13:
1506:Provincial constitutions of Canada
1432:Interpretation of the Constitution
413:Explanation of arrest or detention
198:Minority Language Education Rights
14:
1630:
1297:Cabinet collective responsibility
839:Peace, order, and good government
753:
1596:
1584:
1557:
1556:
1544:
658:List of constitutional documents
504:
50:Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms
1279:
976:
766:Charlottetown Conference, 1864
663:Amendments to the Constitution
603:
565:
553:
1:
1413:Other unsuccessful amendments
517:
1478:Interjurisdictional immunity
1302:Disallowance and reservation
954:Statute of Westminster, 1931
380:
158:Official Languages of Canada
7:
854:Matters excepted from s. 92
10:
1635:
1443:Indigenous self-government
933:British North America Acts
719:Constitutional Act of 1791
709:Royal Proclamation of 1763
704:Constitution of New France
510:
435:
1538:
1511:
1500:
1438:
1425:
1388:
1375:
1351:Parliamentary sovereignty
1292:At His Majesty's pleasure
1287:
1274:
1241:
1225:
1209:
1016:
984:
971:
928:
917:
887:Administration of justice
882:Property and civil rights
862:
829:
761:
748:
689:
676:
653:
442:right to consult a lawyer
397:, the following factors:
788:Fathers of Confederation
668:Quasi-constitutional law
535:"Constitution Act, 1982"
1516:Constitution of Alberta
1458:Equal authenticity rule
1346:Parliamentary privilege
783:London Conference, 1866
771:Quebec Conference, 1864
459:Canadian Bill of Rights
426:Supreme Court of Canada
352:
1521:Constitution of Quebec
1473:Implied Bill of Rights
1307:Responsible government
1009:Constitution Act, 1982
989:Fulton–Favreau formula
959:Newfoundland Act, 1949
949:Saskatchewan Act, 1905
877:Works and undertakings
798:Constitution Act, 1867
647:Constitution of Canada
541:. Government of Canada
378:
347:notwithstanding clause
323:specifies rights upon
36:Constitution Act, 1982
26:of Rights and Freedoms
1382:Constitutional debate
694:Iroquois constitution
539:Justice Laws Web Site
359:
1403:Charlottetown Accord
699:Mi'kmaq constitution
421:R. v. Latimer (1997)
62:Fundamental Freedoms
1408:Calgary Declaration
806:Canadian federalism
357:The section reads:
1488:Dialogue principle
1448:Pith and substance
1317:King-in-Parliament
1242:Part VII – General
939:Manitoba Act, 1870
844:Trade and commerce
776:Quebec Resolutions
714:Quebec Act of 1774
469:Hogan v. The Queen
462:, the right to be
1572:
1571:
1551:Canada portal
1534:
1533:
1496:
1495:
1421:
1420:
1398:Meech Lake Accord
1371:
1370:
1361:Royal prerogative
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
967:
966:
944:Alberta Act, 1905
913:
912:
909:
908:
905:
904:
744:
743:
736:Act of Union 1840
335:and the right to
314:
313:
74:Democratic Rights
1626:
1601:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1580:
1560:
1559:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1502:
1501:
1483:Purposive theory
1427:
1426:
1377:
1376:
1312:Fusion of powers
1276:
1275:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1004:
994:Victoria Charter
973:
972:
919:
918:
827:
826:
794:
793:
750:
749:
678:
677:
640:
633:
626:
617:
616:
610:
607:
601:
598:
589:
588:
586:
584:
569:
563:
557:
551:
550:
548:
546:
531:
306:
299:
292:
24:Canadian Charter
19:
18:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1545:
1543:
1530:
1507:
1492:
1434:
1417:
1393:Triple-E Senate
1384:
1367:
1339:Question Period
1283:
1258:
1237:
1221:
1205:
1003:
980:
963:
924:
901:
864:
858:
831:
825:
792:
757:
740:
685:
672:
649:
644:
614:
613:
608:
604:
599:
592:
582:
580:
571:
570:
566:
558:
554:
544:
542:
533:
532:
525:
520:
515:
509:
438:
415:
383:
355:
310:
146:Equality Rights
94:Mobility Rights
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1632:
1622:
1621:
1606:
1605:
1593:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1554:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1334:Interpellation
1331:
1326:
1324:Implied repeal
1321:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
985:
982:
981:
969:
968:
965:
964:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
929:
926:
925:
915:
914:
911:
910:
907:
906:
903:
902:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
851:
846:
841:
835:
833:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
802:
800:
791:
790:
785:
780:
779:
778:
768:
762:
759:
758:
746:
745:
742:
741:
739:
738:
733:
727:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
690:
687:
686:
674:
673:
671:
670:
665:
660:
654:
651:
650:
643:
642:
635:
628:
620:
612:
611:
602:
590:
579:. January 2001
564:
552:
522:
521:
519:
516:
511:Main article:
508:
503:
437:
434:
430:Robert Latimer
414:
411:
410:
409:
406:
403:
402:investigation.
382:
379:
377:
376:
369:
366:
354:
351:
312:
311:
309:
308:
301:
294:
286:
283:
282:
276:
275:
271:
270:
260:
259:
255:
254:
224:
223:
219:
218:
212:
211:
207:
206:
200:
199:
195:
194:
160:
159:
155:
154:
148:
147:
143:
142:
108:
107:
103:
102:
96:
95:
91:
90:
76:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:
59:
58:
52:
51:
47:
46:
40:
39:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1631:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:Double aspect
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1356:Reserve power
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
986:
983:
979:
974:
970:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
927:
920:
916:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
867:
863:Powers under
861:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
834:
828:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
799:
795:
789:
786:
784:
781:
777:
774:
773:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
760:
756:
755:Confederation
751:
747:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
688:
684:
679:
675:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
652:
648:
641:
636:
634:
629:
627:
622:
621:
618:
606:
597:
595:
578:
574:
568:
561:
556:
540:
536:
530:
528:
523:
514:
513:Habeas corpus
507:
506:Habeas corpus
502:
500:
496:
495:
489:
487:
483:
482:Rainer Knopff
479:
475:
471:
470:
465:
461:
460:
455:
450:
448:
443:
433:
431:
427:
423:
422:
407:
404:
400:
399:
398:
396:
390:
388:
374:
373:habeas corpus
370:
367:
364:
363:
362:
358:
350:
348:
344:
340:
339:
338:habeas corpus
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
307:
302:
300:
295:
293:
288:
287:
285:
284:
281:
278:
277:
273:
272:
269:
265:
262:
261:
257:
256:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
226:
225:
221:
220:
217:
214:
213:
209:
208:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
161:
157:
156:
153:
150:
149:
145:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
98:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
81:
78:
77:
73:
72:
69:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
38:
37:
32:
31:
28:
27:
21:
20:
1561:
1542:
1075:
849:Criminal law
830:Powers under
605:
581:. Retrieved
576:
567:
555:
543:. Retrieved
538:
505:
499:duty counsel
494:R. v. Bartle
492:
490:
485:
467:
463:
457:
451:
439:
418:
416:
394:
391:
384:
372:
360:
356:
336:
316:
315:
123:
106:Legal Rights
34:
33:Part of the
23:
1468:Living tree
1463:Paramountcy
1281:Conventions
935:, 1867–1982
821:Section 125
816:Section 121
560:R. v. Grant
478:F.L. Morton
345:and/or the
258:Application
210:Enforcement
978:Patriation
865:Section 92
832:Section 91
562:, para. 44
518:References
395:inter alia
343:Oakes test
317:Section 10
872:Licensing
583:3 January
577:SCC Lexus
545:3 January
454:legal aid
387:R v Grant
381:Detention
329:detention
1613:Category
1563:Category
1026:Preamble
811:Preamble
474:penumbra
274:Citation
44:Preamble
1577:Portals
436:Counsel
319:of the
222:General
1591:Canada
732:(1839)
726:(1838)
424:, the
333:lawyer
325:arrest
486:Hogan
1111:16.1
585:2016
547:2016
480:and
464:told
440:The
353:Text
168:16.1
1603:Law
491:In
488:."
419:In
327:or
1615::
1254:59
1249:52
1233:36
1217:35
1201:34
1196:33
1191:32
1186:31
1181:30
1176:29
1171:28
1166:27
1161:26
1156:25
1151:24
1146:23
1141:22
1136:21
1131:20
1126:19
1121:18
1116:17
1106:16
1101:15
1096:14
1091:13
1086:12
1081:11
1076:10
593:^
575:.
537:.
526:^
449:.
447:IQ
280:34
268:33
266:,
264:32
252:31
250:,
248:30
246:,
244:29
242:,
240:28
238:,
236:27
234:,
232:26
230:,
228:25
216:24
204:23
192:22
190:,
188:21
186:,
184:20
182:,
180:19
178:,
176:18
174:,
172:17
170:,
166:,
164:16
152:15
140:14
138:,
136:13
134:,
132:12
130:,
128:11
126:,
124:10
122:,
118:,
114:,
86:,
82:,
1579::
1071:9
1066:8
1061:7
1056:6
1051:5
1046:4
1041:3
1036:2
1031:1
639:e
632:t
625:v
587:.
549:.
305:e
298:t
291:v
120:9
116:8
112:7
100:6
88:5
84:4
80:3
68:2
56:1
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.