1806:
58:
3272:
296:
3350:
lost its pre-eminence. Thus the
Investiture Contest strengthened local power in the Holy Roman Empire – in contrast to the trend in France and England, where centralized royal power grew. The Investiture Contest had an additional effect. The long struggle between emperor and pope hurt the Holy Roman Empire's intellectual life, in this period largely confined to monasteries, and the empire no longer led or even kept pace with developments occurring in
1077:
3544:
3349:
According to the laws of the feudal system of the Holy Roman Empire, the king had no claims on the vassals of other princes, only on those living within his family's territory. Lacking the support of the formerly independent vassals and weakened by the increasing hostility of the Church, the monarchy
1115:
and
Wormsgau early in the 10th century, is the Salian monarchs' first certainly identified ancestor. His family links to the Widonids cannot be securely established, but his patrimonial lands and his close relationship with the Hornbach Abbey provide indirect evidence of his Widonid ancestry. He
1824:
Henry was Otto of Worms's eldest son. His wife, Adelaide, was born into a prominent
Lotharingian family, being the daughter of Richard, Count of Metz. Their son, Conrad, would be the first Salian monarch, but Henry could not transfer his seniority rights to his son, because he predeceased his father
408:
in the middle of the 12th century. In a narrow sense, only the four German monarchs who ruled from 1024 to 1125 could be called
Salians, but the same appellation has already been expanded to their ancestors by modern historians. An earlier name of the family, appearing in 982, was the Wormsers,
1990:
demolished the local royal palace claiming that during the interregnum no king could own the palace. In his response to the rebels, Conrad emphasized that "Even if the king died, the kingdom remaind, just as the ship whose steersman falls remains". A group of
Lombard aristocrats offered the throne
3345:
Imperial control of Italy was lost for a time, and the imperial crown became dependent on the political support of competing aristocratic factions. Feudalism became more widespread as freemen sought protection by swearing allegiance to a lord. These powerful local rulers, having thereby acquired
376:
Historian Stefan
Weinfurter proposes that the putative relationship between the Salians and the Merovingians gave rise to the family name, because the Salian Franks had been the most renowned Frankish group. Their memory was preserved through a Frankish law code, known as the
3346:
extensive territories and large military retinues, took over administration within their territories and organized it around an increasing number of castles. The most powerful of these local rulers came to be called princes rather than dukes.
3286:, a policy begun by Otto I, which gave them the material support they needed to subdue rebellious dukes. In time, however, the Church came to regret this close relationship. The alliance broke down in 1075 during what came to be known as the
1919:
Conrad, the elder son of Duke Conrad I of
Carinthia and Matilda of Swabia, was born between 1002 and 1005. He was underage when his father died in 1011. He inherited his father's patrimonial lands, but Emperor Henry II made
3302:
renounce his rights over the Church in
Germany. The pope also attacked the concept of monarchy by divine right and gained the support of significant elements of the German nobility interested in limiting imperial absolutism.
1847:, most probably in 1002. Two years later, he succeeded his father as Duke of Carinthia—the duchy passed from father to son for the first time on this occasion. His rule in Carinthia is poorly documented and he died in 1011.
3259:
was expanded to be the largest church in
Western Christendom. Henry's conception of a legitimate power of royal disposition in the duchies was successful against the dukes, and thus secured royal control. However, in
3235:
died in 1032, Conrad II also claimed this kingship on the basis of an inheritance Henry II had extorted from the former in 1006. Despite some opposition, the
Burgundian and Provençal nobles paid homage to Conrad in
381:. Peter H. Wilson states the Salians received their name due to their origins amongst the Franks living along the Rhine in western Franconia, a region "distinguished through its use of Salic law". A less likely
3314:
in 1077 to do penance and to receive absolution from the pope. However, he resumed the practice of lay investiture (appointment of religious officials by civil authorities) and arranged the election of an
1839:
After Henry of Worms' premature death, his seniority rights shifted to his younger brother, Conrad, enabling him to inherit the major part of the patrimonial lands from his father. Conrad married
1142:
crushed their revolt in 939. The Conradines lost their preeminent position in Franconia and Conrad the Red emerged as Otto I's principal supporter in the region. He was awarded with the
1924:
the new duke of Carinthia. After Emperor Henry II died in 1024, both Conrad and his cousin, Conrad the Elder, laid claim to the throne and Conrad the Elder was elected the new monarch.
3264:, this led to years of conflict, from which Henry emerged as the winner. However, in southern Germany a powerful opposition group was formed in the years 1052–1055. In 1046 Henry ended the
1187:
Conrad the Red's son, Otto of Worms, found favour with his maternal grandfather, King Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor from 962. Still a minor, Otto of Worms was mentioned as a count in the
3306:
More importantly, the pope forbade ecclesiastical officials under pain of excommunication from supporting Henry as they had so freely done in the past. In the end, Henry IV journeyed to
287:. They established their monarchy as a major European power. The Salian dynasty developed a permanent administrative system based on a class of public officials answerable to the crown.
1861:
Bruno—the future Pope Gregory V—was a younger son of Otto of Worms. His father's cousin, Otto III, placed him on the papal throne in 996, ignoring the provisions of his own
3268:, freed the Papacy from dependence on the Roman nobility, and laid the basis for its universal applicability. His early death in 1056 was long regarded as a disaster for the Empire.
1138:
Werner's son, Conrad the Red, inherited his father Franconian estates. His family links with the Conradines facilitated his acquisition of large portions of their domains after King
361:, described Conrad's father and uncle as "distinguished noble lords from Rhenish Franconia" around 1044, but without calling them Salians. Wipo added that Conrad's mother,
1879:
expelled him from Rome, but the Emperor crushed the revolt and restored the papal throne to Gregory V. The Pope died at the age of twenty-six or twenty-seven in 999.
4041:
3338:, which had pitted pope against emperor. By the settlement of the Concordat of Worms, Henry V surrendered to the demands of the second generation of
1978:
Conrad the Elder was elected king of Germany against his cousin Conrad the Younger on 4 September 1024. Four days later, he was crowned in the
4271:
1253:
He could also preserve the title of duke, thus becoming the first duke to bear the title without ruling a duchy in Germany. Otto was the cousin of
1226:, was worried about the concentration of lands in his nephew's hands in Franconia. The Emperor appointed Otto of Worms to administer the faraway
3377:, Henry IV's daughter and Henry V's sister, was the heiress to the Salian dynasty's lands: her first marriage produced the royal and imperial
2014:
probably on 25th March 1026. Resistance against his rule was quickly crushed. He reached Rome where he was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by
3342:. This agreement stipulated that the pope would appoint high church officials but gave the German king the right to veto the papal choices.
1157:
and the Salians. He lost Lotharingia after he joined a revolt against his father-in-law in 953 or 954. He died fighting against the invading
3255:
elected and anointed king of Germany. Henry's tenure led to an overstatement of previously unknown sacral kingship. So during this reign
389:("lordship"), proposing that the name can be traced to the Salian monarchs' well-documented inclination towards hierarchical structures.
1943:
Conrad the Elder was the sole son of Henry of Worms. After his father's premature death, he was placed under the guardianship of Bishop
1234:
in 978. The Emperor persuaded Otto to cede his right to administer justice in Worms, and also parts of his revenues in the town, to the
4215:
1902:
1257:, thus he had a strong claim to the throne after the Emperor's death, but he concluded an agreement with the Ottonian candidate,
4034:
3977:
3932:
2612:
3436:
94:
1211:
by the time Otto I died in 973. The parentage of his wife, Judith, is uncertain: she may have been related either to
3326:
The monarch's struggle with the papacy resulted in a war that ravaged through the Holy Roman Empire from 1077 until the
2567:
2010:
and Conrad the Younger in Germany, Conrad marched to Italy. He was crowned king of the Lombards in Milan by Archbishop
4205:
3999:
3955:
3527:
2545:
311:, a prominent noble kindred emerging in the 7th century. Their estates were located at the confluence of rivers
1967:
had been a candidate to the imperial throne along with her father and the winning Henry II. Her second husband
4027:
3947:
2957:
1888:
1594:
396:(or Salian kings) was most probably coined early in the 12th century. A list of monarchs and archbishops from
4266:
4130:
1116:
married a kinswoman, most probably a sister, of King Conrad I of Germany. This marriage alliance with the
4155:
1238:. Otto was persuaded to renounce Carinthia and Verona, but he was lavishly compensated with a large forest in
3408:
3402:
3252:
3232:
2307:
2236:
2011:
1938:
1216:
1147:
803:
358:
276:
272:
1767:
3925:
The Medieval Empire in Central Europe: Dynastic Continuity in the Post-Carolingian Frankish Realm, 900–1300
3414:
3370:
3299:
3204:
2635:
2000:
1914:
1905:
was one of the wealthiest German bishoprics. His tenure was almost uneventful and he died in 1046 or 1047.
1743:
1258:
1254:
280:
3428:
3331:
3220:
3016:
2916:
1983:
1921:
1834:
1572:
1223:
437:
284:
4120:
2667:
1972:
1964:
1805:
1139:
651:
3515:
3241:
2007:
1952:
1844:
1356:
1247:
1182:
894:
421:
3358:. For instance, no universities were founded in the Holy Roman Empire until the fourteenth century.
4190:
2687:
1968:
1893:
William was Otto of Worms' youngest son. After serving in the royal court as archchaplain to Queen
433:
343:. As time passed, several branches split off the Widonids. The late 9th-century Holy Roman Emperor
1261:
in 1002. Henry restored Carinthia to Otto in 1002 and he ruled the duchy until his death in 1004.
4261:
4054:
3335:
3287:
2716:
1876:
1212:
198:
4170:
4185:
1872:
4180:
1867:
on papal elections. Bruno, who was the first German pope, assumed his papal name in memory of
4165:
4095:
3366:
3362:
2589:
4240:
347:
descended from one of these branches, the Lambertines. The Salians' forefathers remained in
4195:
4150:
4145:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3320:
1956:
1898:
1143:
8:
4140:
4070:
3519:
3374:
3224:
2944:
2293:
1992:
610:
441:
400:, which was completed around 1139–40, is the first extant document to contain it. Bishop
370:
253:
98:
3679:
4225:
4175:
3420:
3327:
2986:
1863:
1227:
1166:
1162:
417:
348:
344:
336:
264:
120:
102:
90:
24:
4115:
4110:
3995:
3973:
3951:
3928:
3533:
3523:
3390:
3265:
1944:
1840:
1559:
1104:
639:
424:, established this tradition in the late 10th century. He named his eldest son,
300:
268:
208:
166:
162:
138:
86:
4220:
4160:
4125:
4080:
4065:
3386:
3339:
3295:
3275:
3261:
3256:
3245:
2707:
2658:
2218:
1948:
1894:
1813:
1154:
493:
429:
401:
362:
354:
249:
245:
170:
106:
63:
57:
2003:, but the Lombard bishops and most aristocrats supported Conrad's claim to rule.
4230:
4135:
3283:
3006:
2621:
2334:
2163:
1979:
1800:
1528:
1235:
1231:
1170:
425:
233:
148:
110:
412:
All male members of the family who were destined to a secular career were named
4235:
4210:
3987:
3965:
3920:
3208:
1868:
1856:
1809:
1539:
1243:
1133:
771:
328:
158:
3703:
3701:
3699:
4255:
4200:
4105:
3548:
3228:
2015:
413:
20:
3994:. Translated by Bowlus, Barbara M. The Pennsylvania State University Press.
3537:
3271:
4100:
4085:
3696:
3378:
3173:
1121:
320:
316:
184:
28:
4019:
1173:, although mainly bishops and kings had so far been buried in cathedrals.
404:, a maternal descendant of the Salian monarchs, also used the term in his
295:
3435:
Their regnal dates as emperor take into account elections and subsequent
3207:, the first Salian regent, Conrad II, was elected by the majority of the
1996:
1960:
3282:
The early Salians owed much of their success to their alliance with the
4075:
3752:
3669:
3667:
3449:
1117:
1080:
A map of the Holy Roman Empire in the 10th and 11th centuries: Germany
474:
4016:
Lenelotte Möller, Hans Ammerich: Die Salier. 1024–1125. Wiesbaden 2015
3509:
3382:
3184:
1200:
1196:
1112:
382:
378:
188:
3812:
3664:
3237:
3316:
2595:
1204:
1192:
485:
340:
332:
308:
260:
180:
75:
3764:
4050:
3547:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3307:
1188:
1158:
1108:
678:
312:
241:
1986:. On learning of Henry II the citizens of the Italian city
369:". The statement made a connection between Conrad and the royal
339:
and royal grants to the abbey established their presence in the
3351:
1239:
1208:
3788:
307:
Modern historians suppose that the Salians descended from the
3355:
3311:
3216:
3212:
1987:
1207:, thus uniting almost all lands between the rivers Rhine and
397:
324:
3740:
3654:
3652:
365:, was "supposedly descended from the ancient royal house of
3970:
The Holy Roman Empire: A Thousand Years of Europe’s History
3884:
3860:
3836:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3389:, which was elevated much due to these connections via the
3330:
in 1122. The reign of the last ruler of the Salian dynasty
1076:
366:
409:
due to their main holdings being in the Diocese of Worms.
3944:
The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition
3896:
3649:
3603:
3601:
275:, a Salian. He was followed by three more Salian rulers:
3872:
3848:
3800:
3776:
3730:
3728:
3713:
3566:
3554:
3588:
3586:
299:
The family tree of the early imperial dynasties of the
3637:
3598:
3824:
3725:
3625:
323:. The Widonids' eastward expansion towards the river
19:"Salian" redirects here. For the Frankish tribe, see
3613:
3583:
303:: Carolingians, Ottonians, Salians and Hohenstaufen
3215:on 8 September 1024. Early in 1026 Conrad went to
1169:praised him for his bravery. He was buried in the
1146:in 944 or 945 and he married the King's daughter,
440:. Conrad the Red was most probably named for King
373:who had claimed a Trojan ancestry for themselves.
3423:1087–1098, nominal king under his father Henry IV
4253:
1963:. She was twice widowed. Gisela's first husband
252:(1024–1125), all of whom went on to be crowned
3992:Conrad II, 990–1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms
3693:, pp. 11, 14, 184, 190 (notes 10 and 12).
3411:1039–1056, crowned emperor on 25 December 1046
357:, the biographer of the first Salian monarch,
4035:
1153:The marriage forged a link between the royal
428:, after his maternal great-grandfather, King
385:links the appellation to the old German word
3417:1056–1106, crowned emperor on 31 March 1084
3396:
3334:coincided with the final phase of the great
1191:in 956. He also seized Wormsgau, Speyergau,
4049:
3431:1106–1125, crowned emperor on 13 April 1111
3405:1024–1039, crowned emperor on 26 March 1027
3294:), a struggle in which the reformist Pope,
46:
4042:
4028:
3941:
3890:
3866:
3842:
3806:
3770:
3746:
3719:
3690:
3658:
3643:
3607:
3577:
3560:
3381:dynasty and her second marriage the ducal
3203:After the death of the last Saxon Emperor
1871:. He crowned Otto III emperor on the
56:
3278:, the burial place of all Salian Emperors
1222:Otto I's son and successor, Emperor
1217:Burchard, Margrave in the Eastern Marches
4181:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
3270:
1882:
1816:(a miniature by an unidentified author,
1804:
1075:
420:. Emperor Conrad II's grandfather,
294:
4272:Noble families of the Holy Roman Empire
3986:
3902:
3878:
3854:
3818:
3794:
3758:
3734:
3707:
3673:
3631:
3619:
3507:
2006:After crushing a revolt by his stepson
1875:in the same year. The Roman aristocrat
4254:
3964:
3919:
3830:
3782:
3592:
3251:Already in 1028 Conrad II had his son
2058:
1828:
1056:
432:; and he gave the name of his father,
406:Chronicle or History of the Two Cities
16:German dynasty in the High Middle Ages
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3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
1264:
335:around 750. Hornbach remained their
1927:
290:
66:, the Salian emperors' burial place
13:
4010:
3946:. Translated by Kaiser, Denise A.
3514:(3rd ed.). Washington, D.C.:
3198:
1292:
23:. For the city in Azerbaijan, see
14:
4283:
3927:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
3462:
1850:
1794:
1215:, to Count Henry of Arlon, or to
1127:
3948:University of Pennsylvania Press
3761:, pp. 23–25, 363 (note 59).
3542:
1971:succeeded her childless brother
1889:William I (bishop of Strasbourg)
1246:and the proprietary rights over
1176:
447:
3211:and was crowned German king in
3029:
2996:
2967:
2930:
2730:
2697:
2677:
2648:
2602:
2579:
2557:
2320:
2249:
1777:
1753:
1604:
1582:
1547:
1366:
904:
781:
664:
618:
27:. For the village in Iran, see
1369: 978–985, 1002–1004
907: 978–985, 1002–1004
436:, to one of his younger sons,
1:
3821:, pp. 25, 363 (note 59).
3676:, pp. 18, 361 (note 22).
3369:was a grandson of the Salian
3233:Rudolph III, King of Burgundy
2921:
2721:
2223:
1939:Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor
1825:most probably in 990 or 991.
1817:
3942:Weinfurter, Stefan (1999) .
3455:
3371:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor
2001:William V, Duke of Aquitaine
1932:
1915:Conrad II, Duke of Carinthia
1255:Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
1165:in 955. The contemporaneous
259:After the death of the last
248:. The dynasty provided four
41:
7:
3508:Solsten, Eric, ed. (1996).
3442:
1835:Conrad I, Duke of Carinthia
327:started after they founded
10:
4288:
3244:would become known as the
1965:Brun I, Count of Brunswick
1936:
1912:
1886:
1854:
1832:
1798:
1180:
1131:
1107:, who held estates in the
18:
4061:
3516:Federal Research Division
3397:Salian Kings and Emperors
3144:
3142:
3130:
3128:
3098:
3096:
3084:
3082:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3012:
2983:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2713:
2704:
2655:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2609:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2370:
2368:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2282:
2264:
2258:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2203:
2201:
2177:
2171:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2131:
2129:
2095:
2093:
2018:on 26th March 1027.
2008:Ernest II, Duke of Swabia
1953:Herman II, Duke of Swabia
1951:in 1016. Both her father
1845:Herman II, Duke of Swabia
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1641:
1639:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1414:
1392:
1386:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1337:
1335:
1315:
1313:
1272:Salian dukes and bishops
1183:Otto I, Duke of Carinthia
1071:
1014:
1012:
970:
968:
930:
924:
915:
913:
911:
859:
857:
825:
823:
821:
815:
813:
811:
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
746:
744:
724:
722:
700:
694:
692:
686:
675:
673:
671:
636:
634:
632:
603:
601:
599:
597:
587:
585:
577:
575:
563:
559:
557:
555:
553:
539:
537:
529:
527:
515:
513:
214:
204:
194:
176:
154:
144:
134:
126:
116:
82:
71:
55:
38:
3511:Germany: a country study
3298:, demanded that Emperor
2059:Salian dukes and bishops
1057:Salian dukes and bishops
345:Guy (or Wido) of Spoleto
3797:, pp. 18, 272–273.
3773:, p. 190 (note 1).
3336:Investiture Controversy
3288:Investiture Controversy
3248:from the 12th century.
1877:Crescentius the Younger
1213:Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria
1120:introduced Conrad as a
319:and they supported the
199:Investiture Controversy
130:Early 10th century
3279:
1922:Adalbero of Eppelstein
1873:Feast of the Ascension
1869:Pope Gregory the Great
1821:
1607: 1028/29–1046/47
1242:, the royal palace at
1140:Otto I of Germany
1101:
359:Emperor Conrad II
304:
237:
47:
4267:German noble families
4131:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
3274:
2590:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
1901:in 1028 or 1029. The
1883:William of Strasbourg
1814:Emperor Otto III
1808:
1079:
337:proprietary monastery
298:
267:and later the entire
263:emperor in 1024, the
4206:Palatine Zweibrücken
3321:Antipope Clement III
1975:as duke of Swabia.
1957:Gerberga of Burgundy
1899:bishop of Strasbourg
1144:Duchy of Lotharingia
1094:(orange to the East)
1090:(orange to the West)
3520:Library of Congress
3340:Gregorian reformers
3292:Investiture Dispute
3242:Kingdom of Burgundy
3225:archbishop of Milan
2981:Maximilla of Sicily
2560: 1044/45–1061
2294:Gunhilda of Denmark
1995:or his eldest son,
1993:Robert II of France
1897:, William was made
1829:Conrad of Carinthia
1810:Pope Gregory V
645:Speyergau, Wormsgau
442:Conrad I of Germany
438:Conrad of Carinthia
254:Holy Roman emperors
4156:Brunswick-Lüneburg
3913:General references
3905:, pp. 97–102.
3785:, pp. 84, 88.
3749:, pp. 14, 20.
3385:potentates of the
3328:Concordat of Worms
3280:
3024:Holy Roman Emperor
3007:Matilda of England
2717:Władysław I Herman
2643:Holy Roman Emperor
2315:Holy Roman Emperor
2244:Holy Roman Emperor
1909:Conrad the Younger
1864:Diploma Ottonianum
1822:
1228:Duchy of Carinthia
1167:Widukind of Corvey
1163:Battle of Lechfeld
1102:
784: 944/5–953/4
777:D. of Lothanringia
679:Eadgyth of England
659:Holy Roman Emperor
305:
265:Kingdom of Germany
177:Connected families
25:Salyan, Azerbaijan
4249:
4248:
4121:Habsburg-Lorraine
3979:978-1-8461-4318-2
3934:978-1-4438-1966-4
3893:, pp. 26–27.
3881:, pp. 63–64.
3869:, pp. 18–22.
3857:, pp. 31–33.
3845:, pp. 14–17.
3522:. pp. 9–11.
3391:Privilegium Minus
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
2573:A. of Quedlinburg
2551:A. of Quedlinburg
2024:Imperial Salians
1945:Burchard of Worms
1903:see of Strasbourg
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1560:Matilda of Swabia
1265:Dukes and bishops
1248:Weissenburg Abbey
1069:
1068:
1065:
1064:
349:Rhenish Franconia
301:Holy Roman Empire
269:Holy Roman Empire
222:
221:
209:Roman Catholicism
167:Emperor Henry III
163:Emperor Conrad II
87:Holy Roman Empire
4279:
4216:Holstein-Gottorp
4044:
4037:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4005:
3983:
3966:Wilson, Peter H.
3961:
3938:
3906:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3882:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3786:
3780:
3774:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3744:
3738:
3732:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3694:
3688:
3677:
3671:
3662:
3661:, pp. 6, 9.
3656:
3647:
3641:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3611:
3605:
3596:
3590:
3581:
3575:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3505:
3387:Duchy of Austria
3276:Speyer Cathedral
3257:Speyer Cathedral
3246:Kingdom of Arles
3033:
3032: 1111–1125
3031:
3000:
2999: 1093–1098
2998:
2971:
2970: 1095–1136
2969:
2934:
2933: 1079–1105
2932:
2923:
2734:
2733: 1079–1102
2732:
2723:
2701:
2700: 1063–1074
2699:
2681:
2680: 1054–1055
2679:
2659:Eupraxia of Kiev
2652:
2651: 1084–1105
2650:
2606:
2605: 1078–1080
2604:
2583:
2582: 1061–1096
2581:
2561:
2559:
2324:
2323: 1046–1056
2322:
2253:
2252: 1027–1039
2251:
2225:
2219:Gisela of Swabia
2152:Adelaide of Metz
2030:
2029:
2021:
2020:
1949:Gisela of Swabia
1928:Imperial Salians
1843:, a daughter of
1819:
1781:
1780: 1034–1045
1779:
1757:
1756: 1036–1039
1755:
1718:Imperial Salians
1608:
1606:
1600:B. of Strasbourg
1586:
1585: 1004–1011
1584:
1551:
1549:
1517:Adelaide of Metz
1370:
1368:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1259:Henry of Bavaria
1155:Ottonian dynasty
908:
906:
785:
783:
668:
666:
622:
620:
461:
460:
452:
451:
430:Henry the Fowler
402:Otto of Freising
363:Adelaide of Metz
355:Wipo of Burgundy
291:Origins and name
250:kings of Germany
246:High Middle Ages
171:Emperor Henry IV
64:Speyer Cathedral
60:
50:
36:
35:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4191:Nassau-Weilburg
4057:
4048:
4013:
4011:Further reading
4008:
4002:
3988:Wolfram, Herwig
3980:
3958:
3935:
3921:Schutz, Herbert
3915:
3910:
3909:
3901:
3897:
3891:Weinfurter 1999
3889:
3885:
3877:
3873:
3867:Weinfurter 1999
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3843:Weinfurter 1999
3841:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3817:
3813:
3807:Weinfurter 1999
3805:
3801:
3793:
3789:
3781:
3777:
3771:Weinfurter 1999
3769:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3747:Weinfurter 1999
3745:
3741:
3733:
3726:
3720:Weinfurter 1999
3718:
3714:
3706:
3697:
3691:Weinfurter 1999
3689:
3680:
3672:
3665:
3659:Weinfurter 1999
3657:
3650:
3644:Weinfurter 1999
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3608:Weinfurter 1999
3606:
3599:
3591:
3584:
3580:, pp. 5–6.
3578:Weinfurter 1999
3576:
3567:
3563:, pp. 7–9.
3561:Weinfurter 1999
3559:
3555:
3543:
3530:
3506:
3463:
3458:
3445:
3399:
3209:Prince-electors
3201:
3199:Salian monarchy
3028:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3009:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2947:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2919:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2710:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2661:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2624:
2622:Bertha of Savoy
2615:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2578:
2576:
2575:and Gandersheim
2574:
2572:
2570:
2556:
2554:
2553:and Gandersheim
2552:
2550:
2548:
2337:
2335:Agnes of Poitou
2319:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2296:
2248:
2246:
2242:
2240:
2221:
2166:
2153:
1980:Mainz Cathedral
1973:Herman III
1959:descended from
1955:and her mother
1941:
1935:
1930:
1917:
1911:
1891:
1885:
1859:
1853:
1837:
1831:
1803:
1801:Henry of Speyer
1797:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1752:
1750:
1749:D. of Carinthia
1748:
1746:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1581:
1579:
1578:D. of Carinthia
1577:
1575:
1562:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1531:
1518:
1381:
1365:
1363:
1362:D. of Carinthia
1361:
1359:
1267:
1232:March of Verona
1185:
1179:
1171:Worms Cathedral
1136:
1130:
1124:in his family.
1096:, Papal States
1074:
919:
903:
901:
900:D. of Carinthia
899:
897:
806:
780:
778:
776:
774:
681:
663:
661:
657:
655:
644:
642:
617:
615:
613:
450:
293:
187:
183:
169:
165:
161:
149:Emperor Henry V
117:Place of origin
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
67:
51:
44:
43:
40:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4285:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:Salian dynasty
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4096:Süpplingenburg
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4058:
4047:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4000:
3984:
3978:
3972:. Allen Lane.
3962:
3956:
3939:
3933:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3895:
3883:
3871:
3859:
3847:
3835:
3833:, p. 115.
3823:
3811:
3799:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3751:
3739:
3724:
3712:
3695:
3678:
3663:
3648:
3636:
3634:, p. 323.
3624:
3612:
3597:
3595:, p. 247.
3582:
3565:
3553:
3528:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3444:
3441:
3433:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3412:
3406:
3398:
3395:
3240:in 1034. This
3227:, crowned him
3200:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3013:
3011:
3004:
3002:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2948:*1072/73 †1143
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2714:
2712:
2711:*1054 †1092/96
2705:
2703:
2685:
2683:
2665:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2587:
2585:
2565:
2563:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2164:Henry of Worms
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2025:
1982:by Archbishop
1937:Main article:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1913:Main article:
1910:
1907:
1887:Main article:
1884:
1881:
1857:Pope Gregory V
1855:Main article:
1852:
1851:Pope Gregory V
1849:
1833:Main article:
1830:
1827:
1799:Main article:
1796:
1795:Henry of Worms
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1773:B. of Würzburg
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1747:*1002–05 †1039
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1550: 996–999
1540:Pope Gregory V
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:Henry of Worms
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1244:Kaiserslautern
1181:Main article:
1178:
1175:
1134:Conrad the Red
1132:Main article:
1129:
1128:Conrad the Red
1126:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
927:
925:
922:
921:
916:
914:
912:
910:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
865:
863:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
809:
808:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
772:Conrad the Red
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
752:
750:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
702:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
684:
683:
676:
674:
672:
670:
667: 962–973
648:
646:
643:C. in Nahegau,
637:
635:
633:
631:
628:
626:
624:
621: 911–918
607:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
591:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:
491:
489:
483:
481:
479:
477:
472:
470:
468:
466:
464:
457:
456:
455:Early Salians
449:
446:
434:Conrad the Red
426:Henry of Worms
329:Hornbach Abbey
292:
289:
226:Salian dynasty
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
178:
174:
173:
159:Pope Gregory V
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
84:
80:
79:
73:
69:
68:
61:
53:
52:
45:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4284:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4186:Orange-Nassau
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4022:
4015:
4014:
4003:
4001:0-271-02738-X
3997:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3957:0-8122-3508-8
3953:
3949:
3945:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3904:
3899:
3892:
3887:
3880:
3875:
3868:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3815:
3809:, p. 20.
3808:
3803:
3796:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3772:
3767:
3760:
3755:
3748:
3743:
3737:, p. 18.
3736:
3731:
3729:
3722:, p. 14.
3721:
3716:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3692:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3675:
3670:
3668:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3645:
3640:
3633:
3628:
3622:, p. 15.
3621:
3616:
3609:
3604:
3602:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3562:
3557:
3550:
3549:public domain
3539:
3535:
3531:
3529:0-8444-0853-0
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3502:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3230:
3229:king of Italy
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3189:
3186:
3175:
3174:HOHENSTAUFENS
3151:
3149:
3105:
3103:
3059:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3008:
2988:
2963:M. of Austria
2959:
2946:
2918:
2900:
2897:
2881:
2879:
2847:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2807:
2805:
2787:
2785:
2756:
2745:
2743:
2738:
2718:
2709:
2693:K. of Hungary
2689:
2673:D. of Bavaria
2669:
2660:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2623:
2614:
2597:
2591:
2569:
2547:
2537:
2534:
2518:
2516:
2500:
2498:
2478:
2476:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2336:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2138:
2136:
2102:
2100:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Pope John XIX
2013:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:. He married
1946:
1940:
1925:
1923:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1826:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1785:
1769:
1745:
1720:
1719:
1708:
1705:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1669:
1667:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1596:
1574:
1561:
1541:
1530:
1515:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1358:
1357:Otto of Worms
1344:
1342:
1322:
1320:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1293:Early Salians
1279:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1177:Otto of Worms
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1021:
1019:
977:
975:
933:
928:
926:
923:
896:
895:Otto of Worms
866:
864:
828:
819:
817:
810:
805:
773:
753:
751:
703:
698:
696:
690:
688:
685:
680:
660:
654:
653:
641:
614:K. of Germany
612:
608:
605:
595:
593:
592:
561:
551:
549:
546:
544:
500:
498:
495:
487:
476:
462:
459:
458:
454:
453:
448:Early Salians
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Otto of Worms
419:
415:
410:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
302:
297:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
257:
256:(1027–1125).
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Salic dynasty
227:
217:
213:
210:
207:
203:
200:
197:
193:
190:
186:
182:
179:
175:
172:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
81:
77:
74:
72:Parent family
70:
65:
62:The crypt of
59:
54:
49:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
21:Salian Franks
4166:Hohenzollern
4101:Hohenstaufen
4090:
4051:Royal houses
3991:
3969:
3943:
3924:
3903:Wolfram 2006
3898:
3886:
3879:Wolfram 2006
3874:
3862:
3855:Wolfram 2006
3850:
3838:
3826:
3819:Wolfram 2006
3814:
3802:
3795:Wolfram 2006
3790:
3778:
3766:
3759:Wolfram 2006
3754:
3742:
3735:Wolfram 2006
3715:
3708:Wolfram 2006
3674:Wolfram 2006
3646:, p. 9.
3639:
3632:Wolfram 2006
3627:
3620:Wolfram 2006
3615:
3610:, p. 5.
3556:
3510:
3434:
3421:Conrad (III)
3379:Hohenstaufen
3363:Hohenstaufen
3360:
3348:
3344:
3325:
3310:in northern
3305:
3291:
3281:
3266:papal schism
3250:
3202:
3023:
3015:
2926:D. of Swabia
2726:D. of Poland
2642:
2634:
2314:
2306:
2243:
2235:
2057:
2005:
1977:
1942:
1918:
1892:
1862:
1860:
1838:
1823:
1716:
1532:†990/991 (?)
1291:
1252:
1236:local bishop
1224:Otto II
1221:
1186:
1152:
1137:
1122:leading name
1105:Count Werner
1103:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1055:
658:
650:
411:
405:
394:reges salici
393:
391:
386:
375:
371:Merovingians
353:
321:Carolingians
306:
258:
229:
225:
223:
195:Distinctions
185:Hohenstaufen
139:Count Werner
48:Reges salici
33:
29:Salian, Iran
4196:Mecklenburg
4171:Württemberg
4151:Schwarzburg
4146:Wittelsbach
4086:Luitpolding
4071:Carolingian
3831:Schutz 2010
3783:Schutz 2010
3593:Wilson 2016
3437:coronations
3323:) in 1080.
3296:Gregory VII
3021:*1086 †1125
3010:*1102 †1167
2992:K. of Italy
2990:*1074 †1101
2961:*1073 †1136
2958:Leopold III
2917:Frederick I
2691:*1053 †1087
2671:*1052 †1055
2640:*1050 †1106
2616:*1048 †1060
2598:to Henry IV
2571:*1045 †1096
2549:*1037 †1061
2312:*1017 †1056
2167:†990/91 (?)
1997:Hugh Magnus
1961:Charlemagne
1088:, Burgundy
215:Dissolution
145:Final ruler
4256:Categories
4141:Luxembourg
4076:Conradines
3450:Salian Law
3367:Conrad III
3361:The first
3185:BABENBERGS
2924:1050 †1105
2724:1044 †1102
2241:*990 †1039
1999:, then to
1519:†1039/1046
1150:, in 947.
1118:Conradines
1092:, Bohemia
630:Sister (?)
475:CONRADINES
271:passed to
205:Traditions
4241:Zähringen
4226:Bonaparte
4176:Oldenburg
3990:(2006) .
3456:Footnotes
3409:Henry III
3403:Conrad II
3383:Babenberg
3253:Henry III
2987:Conrad II
2668:Conrad II
2308:HENRY III
2237:CONRAD II
2226:990 †1043
1991:first to
1933:Conrad II
1744:Conrad II
1543:*972 †999
1201:Kraichgau
1197:Elsenzgau
1113:Speyergau
807:*931 †953
494:OTTONIANS
392:The term
383:etymology
379:Salic law
277:Henry III
273:Conrad II
189:Babenberg
121:Franconia
103:Carinthia
4116:Lorraine
4111:Habsburg
4081:Ottonian
3968:(2016).
3923:(2010).
3538:34705046
3443:See also
3415:Henry IV
3317:antipope
3300:Henry IV
3262:Lorraine
3221:Ariberto
3219:, where
3205:Henry II
2636:HENRY IV
2596:Antiking
2568:Adelaide
2154:†1039/46
1812:anoints
1598:†1046/47
1573:Conrad I
1563:†1031/32
1205:Pfinzgau
1193:Niddagau
1148:Luidgard
1098:(purple)
1084:, Italy
804:Luidgard
611:Conrad I
486:WIDONIDS
341:Wormsgau
333:Bliesgau
309:Widonids
281:Henry IV
261:Ottonian
240:) was a
181:Ottonian
99:Burgundy
76:Widonids
4221:Romanov
4161:Griffin
4126:Hanover
4066:Ascania
4055:Germany
3429:Henry V
3332:Henry V
3308:Canossa
3231:. When
3017:HENRY V
2688:Solomon
2613:Matilda
2546:Beatrix
2012:Aribert
1895:Gisella
1841:Matilda
1595:William
1189:Nahegau
1161:in the
1159:Magyars
1109:Nahegau
331:in the
313:Moselle
285:Henry V
244:in the
242:dynasty
155:Members
135:Founder
127:Founded
107:Bavaria
91:Germany
83:Country
39:Salians
4231:Wettin
4136:Nassau
4091:Salian
3998:
3976:
3954:
3931:
3536:
3526:
3352:France
3284:Church
3238:Zürich
1969:Ernest
1820:1450).
1380:Judith
1240:Wasgau
1209:Neckar
1086:(grey)
1082:(blue)
1072:Werner
918:Judith
652:OTTO I
640:Werner
414:Conrad
283:, and
238:Salier
234:German
111:Swabia
42:Salier
4236:Lippe
4211:Hesse
3375:Agnes
3365:king
3356:Italy
3312:Italy
3217:Milan
3213:Mainz
2945:Agnes
2708:Judit
2662:†1109
2625:†1087
2593:†1080
2338:†1077
2297:†1038
1988:Pavia
1984:Aribo
1771:†1045
1768:Bruno
1576:†1011
1360:†1004
898:†1004
418:Henry
398:Mainz
325:Rhine
95:Italy
4201:Vasa
4106:Welf
3996:ISBN
3974:ISBN
3952:ISBN
3929:ISBN
3534:OCLC
3524:ISBN
3448:The
3354:and
3290:(or
1382:†991
1230:and
1203:and
920:†991
775:†955
682:†946
656:†973
367:Troy
317:Saar
315:and
224:The
218:1125
4053:of
3393:.)
3373:. (
488:(?)
416:or
387:sal
228:or
78:(?)
4258::
3950:.
3727:^
3698:^
3681:^
3666:^
3651:^
3600:^
3585:^
3568:^
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3464:^
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2997:r.
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1818:c.
1778:r.
1754:r.
1605:r.
1583:r.
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236::
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31:.
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