Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor

1163: 473: 624:. His son feared a reversal of the balance of power and summoned a Reichstag for Easter 1106. Henry IV had already begun to organize resistance against his son, but suddenly died on 7 August 1106 in Liège, where he received an honorable funeral. The princes opposed a funeral in Speyer, but Henry V overruled this decision. On 24 August, he had his father's body dug up and transferred to Speyer, since in Liège some form of veneration of the deceased as a saint was about to begin. The re-burial at the Speyer crypta would imply continuity and help stabilize the position of the rebel son, who could 652: 42: 1234:. Without gaining the consensus of the princes, Henry arrested and detained Adalbert for over three years. Among threats of violence and dissent the Mainz citizens only succeed in November 1115 the archbishop (starved to skin and bones) to be released. The customs of amicable conflict resolution and demonstrative gentleness that had been handed down from the Ottonian era had lost importance under Henry IV and Henry V. Rather, the Salian rulers sought to establish a concrete form of royal punishment. Adalbert became the great opponent of the Salian kingship. 1648:

negotiations and in autumn 1121 urged the emperor to make peace and seek balanced policies with regards to the Pope. This princely action was an important developmental step towards the establishment of consensual forms of rule as the princes acted cooperatively to bring about negotiations that end the conflict. A princely peace commission composed of equal numbers was appointed. Made up of twelve supporters and twelfe opponents of Henry, the committee intended to represent all imperial estates. The princely assembly, that chronicler

1752: 1245:, rebelled against Henry but was quickly subdued. In 1113, after the death of the childless Count Ulrich Margrave of Carniola, numerous Saxon nobles laid claims to this estate. However, Henry had obviously decided that the bequest would fall to the empire if there were no direct heirs. The king's idea nonetheless contradicted the Saxon legal concept and Henry obtained the endowment through approval of the royal princes but he completely avoided any dialogue with the Saxon nobles. Lothair, who rose in arms again was defeated at the 1378: 505:. On 12 December 1104, Henry V broke away from his father, thereby breaking the oath of allegiance to the ruling king. Henry V made his way to Regensburg, where he celebrated Christmas with his followers. While there, his father's enemies sought to convince him to revolt. Henry considered their arguments, but he was restrained by the oath he had taken to take no part in the business of the Empire during his father's lifetime. At the turn of the year 1104/05, he sent messengers to Rome to seek absolution from his loyalty oath by 1517:

a new power base against the overpowering opposition in the northern part of the empire. He had issued a whole series of court documents in advance, with which he intended to present himself as guarantor of law and justice in Italy. Henry was able to obtain Matilda's property without any problems and his authority was accepted in all the Italian municipalities. Henry regarded Rome as to be of particular importance and, ardently welcomed, he honored the city with five visits, more than any other Salian king.

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Cologne off from all river trade and transportation. At this point, the citizens of Cologne assembled a large force, including bowmen, and crossed the river, formed their ranks, and prepared to meet Henry's army. The Cologne bowmen were able to break the armor of Henry's soldiers; it was summer, the weather was sultry, and the soldiers had removed their armor to find relief from the heat. Henry subsequently withdrew, turned south, and sacked Bonn and Jülich. On his return to Deutz, he was met by

1581: 1484: 4400: 5047: 3977: 1194: 6067: 668: 957:). This honor, that determined the rank of the king was an idea, that had developed among the latest Salians towards a concept of lordship from which also future imperial claims on Southern Italy and on Matilda's property were derived. Matilda, who in 1079 had indeed intended to bequeath all her property to the pope in the event of her childlessness, now opted for an agreement between the pope and the king, and deployed the name 1305:. After an initial skirmish in which Duke Henry of Lorraine was forced to withdraw, the insurgent's troops and the emperor's force of Swabians, Bavarians, and Franconians clashed. The young men of Cologne, including many journeymen and apprentices, created a fearful din of noise, slashing at all who came near them. Theodric threw his force into the fight, and the emperor's army was forced back. The defeat at 999: 1301:(William I), Lambert of Mulenarke, and Eberhard of Gandernol, who put up a stout resistance in which the latter was killed. Theodoric, Gerhard, and Lambert were taken prisoner. When Frederick, Count of Westphalia, arrived with his brother, also named Henry, and their substantial force, the emperor withdrew, barely escaping capture. Finally, in October 1114, the two armies met on a plain near 1070: 637: 1226:, imperial chancellor since 14 February 1106, who had greatly influenced imperial politics. Adalbert was appointed Archbishop of Mainz in 1109 and accompanied Henry on the Italian campaign of 1110/11. In the process of the consolidation and expansion of power, the possessions of the Mainz Church overlapped with the Salian imperial estate at the 1739:. In August 1124 Henry V began preparations for a campaign into France with very limited ducal support. The attack spurred a hitherto unknown patriotic feeling of unity in France, which the French King Louis VI utilized for the deployment of a massive army against which Henry V's forces represented no match. The campaign was abandoned near 1638:

in 1077, the ideas of penitence and the personal exposure within one's social status could no longer be reconciled by another papal ban, as the intrinsic meanings symbolized subordination to the Pope. It is, however not certain whether the negotiations failed due to those circumstances. Only upon the

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The funeral ritual was of particular importance to Henry regarding the legitimization of his rule. At the funeral, he had presented himself as the loyal son and legitimate heir of the late emperor and demonstrated dynastic continuity. At the same time, he made it clear that his kingship was based not

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commanded a second column that entered Italy from the southeast of the empire and had orders to rendez-vous with the main contingent near Roncaglia. This impressive display of integrity proved that even the clans that had opposed and violently fought Henry's father were now on the Salian side. Welf's

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eventually demanded Henry's complete renunciation of the investiture of clerics. However, the king and the bishops collaborated further as the Pope proved incapable to suppress these practices. Attempts to come to any form of agreement on the question of the investiture failed in 1106 at the Synod of

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on 27 July 1101. The continued existence of the Salian dynasty now depended on Henry V, the only living son of the emperor. The co-regency of son and father proceeded without obvious problems for six years. Contrary to previous ruling sons, Henry V was not involved in government affairs. His father's

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of Saint-Denis, Henry was a troublemaker, who died justly within a year of his attack on France in 1124. For Suger, national standards did not matter, but the souvereign's attitude towards the pope constituted the decisive component for his judgment. For Geoffrey of Vendôme Henry was the incarnation

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died. Matilda's death on 24 July 1115 caused Henry, accompanied only by a small contingent, to leave for Italy in February 1116 in order to secure his inheritance of the enormous property complex in Upper and Central Italy. In addition, he wished to stabilize Salian rule in Northern Italy and create

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Between 1105 and 1106, supporters of Henry IV and Henry V each disseminated arguments in letters and historiographic texts in order to build support among the people of the empire, while father and son each accused the other of disregard for the divine and earthly orders. Henry V began to strengthen

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settlement between Burghausen and the ministerials in the dispute that led to the murder, and he also would have had a reason to resent his father's inaction. A flaw in this theory is that there was a very long time lag between the murder of Burghausen and when Henry V turned his back on his father.

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and citizens of Regensburg was the trigger for the overthrow of Henry IV. According to Burghausen's relatives and other nobles, the emperor had failed to punish the perpetrators appropriately, proving that Henry IV viewed aristocrats with disdain. Henry V had attempted in vain to mediate an amicable

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Richard Gaettens suggests the year 1086: The birth year of Heinrich V. 1081 or 1086? In: Journal for Rechtsgeschichte Germ. Dept. Vol. 79 (1962), pp. 52–71; Eduard Hlawitschka: On the birth date of Emperor Heinrich V. In: Historisches Jahrbuch Vol. 110 (1990), pp. 471–475 (he rejects 11 August as a

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The 1111 events in Rome and the 1115 defeat at the hands of the Saxon opposition led to the near complete dissolution of all ties between the bishops and the king. While under Henry IV a third of all documents had been issued for the bishoprics, this amount declined to a mere twelfth of Henry V's

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The bishops learned of Paschal's and Henry's agreement prior to the coronation act. Protests broke out, there was turmoil in the city itself and the coronation had to be cancelled. Henry demanded his investment rights to be reinstated and the immediate coronation. Paschal refused, and Henry seized

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Imperial rule had eroded in Italy after the demise of Henry IV. For fifteen years, from October 1095 to October 1110, neither Henry IV nor Henry V had issued a single document for the Italian administration. Consequently, Italian officials saw no reason to travel to the northern part of the empire

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where he personally was to hand over the imperial insignia and was forced to abdicate on 31 December 1105. Henry V subsequently spread the narrative in which his father had ceded the insignia and his rule to him voluntarily. This distortion of the events implied his strong desire to feign dynastic

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At the time of Henry's birth, his father, emperor Henry IV, had already been engaged in many years of drawn out conflicts with the pope, the imperial bishops, and secular princes for the preservation of his rule. Henry IV had never paid much attention to the advice, or the rights and privileges of

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Crowned emperor, Henry quickly retreated beyond the Alps. On his return to Italy he was a guest of Matilda of Tuscany at Bianello Castle from 6 to 8 May 1111. Matilda and Henry concluded a contract that researchers interpreted as Henry V's document of inheritance in case the margravine dies. On 7

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under his father. Negotiations with the Pope now took place among representatives of the clerics and secular princes. Bishop Eberhard von Eichstätt (until his early death in 1112), Count Berengar II of Sulzbach and Count Palatine Gottfried of Calw were particularly close to the young king and are

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Thus, the following years of his reign were characterized by greater shared responsibilities of the princes and the sanctioning of church reforms. Documents and annals prove the consensual practice of his rule. Records of princes and nobles in royal documents, who actively take part in government

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The beginning of his reign was marked by a lengthy time of unusual harmony between the king and the princes. Unlike his Salian predecessors, Henry V would count his reign only from the day on which he received the imperial insignia and was chosen for royal duty by the election of the princes. The

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and Count Otto von Habsburg-Kastl – are the primary causes. These nobles succeeded in convincing the young Henry V of his father's lost cause and the eventual triumph of reform. If he did not act and waited until his father died, someone else would attempt to ascend the throne and would find many

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Speyer's importance as the Salic memorial site soon declined and it took several generations until it became a royal burial site again. The emperor's long tenure of excommunication was probably the reason that only Gladbach, a reform monastery under Siegburg domain and the Niederaltaich Imperial

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In 1121 the situation escalated again and Henry decided to launch a military campaign against Adalbert of Mainz. The Archbishop mobilized large contingents, largely from Saxony, for the defense of Mainz. As the two armies faced each other near the city, the commanding princes of both sides began

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in the history of the emergence of civil liberties. The residents were granted numerous rights and benefits (including exemption from inheritance taxes, court taxes and property taxes). No other city in the empire was granted such extensive and far-reaching liberties at the beginning of the 12th

987:. Henry could only command such a large army because his rule was based on consensus with the princes and dukes. Among the participants of this great procession was Henry's court chaplain David, who as a chronicler had been tasked to document a chronicle of all important events in volumes and in 828:

of Speyer, Bamberg or Liège had lost all relevance for the Episcopal Consecration, but family ties to the high nobility. Upon the selection of the bishops, the king only sought the consent of an exclusive circle of a few noble families. These families in turn only campaigned for candidates among

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Matilda handed the imperial insignia to the Archbishop of Mainz and in September 1126 she returned to England. The Hohenstaufer Duke Friedrich II had been considered a promising candidate for royal succession due to his kinship with Heinrich V and his involvement in the efforts towards imperial

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King Henry's ruthless manoeuvers and the incarceration of the pope in 1111 initiated a general change of perception. The arrest of an elder was no longer regarded as a commendable act of the disempowerment of a schismatic ruler, but viewed under the aspect of betrayal of the biological father.

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The insurgents united behind the Archbishop of Cologne and collectively fell from the emperor in early 1114. Two imperial campaigns against the dissidents failed. Initially, Henry took the fortified town of Deutz, which lay across the Rhine from Cologne. His control of Deutz allowed him to cut

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Thanks to the consensual cooperation between the lords and the king, Henry was the first Salian ruler, who had managed to acquire unhindered access to all parts of the empire after a long time and thus able to successfully intervene in political affairs in both the western and eastern imperial

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in Mainz by the Archbishop of Cologne. Four years later the wedding celebrations also took place in Mainz on 7 January 1114 amid great splendor and the attention of princes from all over the empire. The Salians appropriated the occasion to reaffirm unanimity with the imperial nobles after the

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Beginning in 1111, Henry increasingly bypassed the princely consensus for his actions and hardly received any approval. He even applied his father's autocratic forms of government, thus exacerbating the conflict. After the events of 1111, numerous clergymen fell away from him, including first

1695:, explicitly classified as a political work of the princes ruled that Henry was to end the practice of investment with ring and staff. The king was to restore all church property, is no longer the sole representant of the empire and rules henceforth in sync with the princes. The 628:. On 3 September 1106 the body was once again temporarily buried in a still unconsecrated chapel north of Speyer cathedral. An appropriate funeral among his ancestors was only admissible and indeed performed in 1111 after the abolishment of Henry IV's pending excommunication. 1316:, that ended Salian rule in Saxony. From then on Lothair maintained a near royal rule in Saxony, while Henry's power to uphold universal kingship decreased further. The lack of acceptance and loss of prestige reflected itself at the court as none of the princes attended the 1643:

in 1122 was Henry re-admitted without penance or submission to the ecclesial community by a papal legate. After the negotiations had failed, Pope Calixt conferred the honor of papal legacy to the Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz, and thus strengthened the opposition to Henry.

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his ties with Saxony, where the opposition against his father was particularly strong due in part to his absence from the duchy since 1089. In the spring of 1105, Henry V stayed in Saxony for two months and showed his willingness to work with the church on the basis of

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in the duchies and margraviates and the coin – market – and customs rights. Henry and Pope Paschal agreed on this idea in a preliminary contract on 4 February 1111. This meant that the bishops would be deprived of the rights and income that had been theirs since the

1081:. In doing so, he symbolized his subordination to the spiritual father. This ritual was mentioned in the 1111 coronation for the first time and became an official ritual in the coronation ceremonies of the future emperors before entering St. Peter's Basilica. 704:. The princes' participation in great numbers at the diets and the strong increase in chroniclers' reports confirm the new sense of responsibility among the king's vassals for the empire. Henry V reinstalled the bishops who had been banned from entering their 1136:

commemoration of the dead) Henry granted two privileges, which endowed the citizens of Speyer with yet unprecedented civil liberties. As the first privilege lays out memorial ceremonies the privileges for the citizens of the city of Speyer are considered a

1783:. On his deathbed, he entrusted the care of his wife Mathilde and having no legitimate children he left his possessions to his sororal nephew, Frederick II of Hohenstaufen. Upon his death the dynastic line of the Franconian, Salian emperors went extinct. 1018:

pledged to assist Pope Paschal in case he needs help. Paschal also received support from the urban nobility of Rome. However, he made no attempt to gain support in northern Italy, whose municipalities began to evade the emperor. With the occupation of

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in Italy in 1093, his royalty and inheritance were revoked at a court in Mainz and transferred to his younger brother, Henry V, in May 1098. The latter had to take an oath never to rule over the father. On 6 January 1099, Henry V was crowned king in

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rule. After he had failed to increase control over the church, the princes in Saxony and on the Middle and Lower Rhine, in 1121 the imperial princes forced Henry V to consent with the papacy. He surrendered to the demands of the second generation of

1058:, and alms, limiting them to their ministry and increasing their dependence on the Pope. They would have lost all political rights and responsibilities in the empire and be dependent on secular protection. On 9 February, Henry V accepted the papal 1556:

and the deposition of the king in the event of his prolonged absence. Henry abruptly broke off the Italian campaign in the fall of 1118 and returned to the north. His wife Matilda remained in Italy as deputy ruler. Henry was able to prevent the

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s had to be cancelled in advance due to the lack of confirmed participants. Henry celebrated Christmas of 1115, one of the most essential occasions of royal representation, in Speyer, surrounded by only a few faithful adherents among whom

435:, Henry managed to get absolved. In 1080 and 1094, however, Henry IV was excommunicated again. In 1102, the church ban was again declared over him and his party, including his son, Henry V. The conflict divided the empire from the church. 480:

The causes and motives that led to the deposition of Henry IV by his son remain debated among modern researchers. Stefan Weinfurter argues that religious reform motives and the corrosive influence of a group of young Bavarian counts –

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Henry's position in Bavaria remained uncontested. After a short stop in 1111 on his return from Italy, he was absent until 1121. The conflicts in Saxony and the Rhineland required lengthy presence in these regions. Nevertheless, the

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and Archbishop Friedrich denounced the catastrophic condition of the church in a letter. The episcopal seats of Worms and Mainz remained vacant for years and the secular rights of the bishops were carried out by royal administrators

809:) and was able to maintain a working relationship with the clerical princes. Next to the staff, the ring became the symbol, that epitomized the marriage of the bishop to his church. This practice had only been introduced by emperor 1132:

August 1111, Henry was able to finally bring about his father's funeral, who had so far rested in an unconsecrated side chapel of Speyer Cathedral. On the same day and seven days later, on 14 August (a date of significance for the

766:, who had captured Duke Borivoi. Borivoi was released at the emperor's command and appointed godfather to Svatopluk's new son. Nevertheless, on Svatopluk's return to Bohemia, he assumed the throne. In 1108, Henry went to war with 1397:

From 1108 on Henry V made official proposals for a marriage with a princess of the English royal family, seeking to increase the authority of the Salian king and secure his throne. His engagement with the eight-year-old princess

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in Würzburg. However, his subsequent activities until September/October 1119 cannot be determined due to the lack of sources. The feeble compliance with his reign is obvious by the lack of royal documents and the nearly unknown

872:, which had caused serious setbacks for the empire during the previous imperial tenure. The papal party who had supported Henry in his resistance to his father hoped he would endorse the papal decrees, which had been renewed by 323:, young Henry V allied himself with the opponents of his father. He forced Henry IV to abdicate on 31 December 1105 and ruled for five years in compliance with the imperial princes. He tried, unsuccessfully, to withdraw the 1904:

birthday). This is contested by Peter Neumeister: dates and interpretations. When was Emperor Heinrich V. born? In: Olaf B. Rader (ed.): Turbata per aequora mundi. Thanks to Eckhard Müller-Mertens. Hanover 2001, pp. 89–97.

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century. These privileges highlight the changes in the Salian idea of kingship compared to the first three Salian rulers. Donations no longer applied to the clergy alone, but an entire township was committed to the Salian

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Upon the Pope's imprisonment, however, Henry lost widespread acknowledgment as he had apprehended Christ's representative, the highest authority in the Latin Christian world. In response, he was banned by cardinal and

1859:. The 1111 events in Rome were discussed throughout all Latin Christianity. The French annals often only mention the imprisonment of the pope by Henry. The events of 1111 also echoed into the far west of Europe. The 929:

from 1089 to 1095, which entitled him to inheritance claims on her vast property. Matilda allowed the troops to traverse her substantial territories in the greater part of Northern Italy, that included present-day

579:– public expressions of reconciliation that were morally binding during the 12th century. Henry IV then disbanded and released his army as father and son left for the diet in Mainz on 21 December. On 23 December in 509:, The Pope promised Henry V, on condition that Henry be a righteous king and a promoter of the Church, not only absolution from the sin of breaking this oath, but also support in the struggle against his father. 829:

their own ranks, who might become important in the future expansion of their respective territories. This practice effectively promoted a clerical office, that was attainable via a hereditary selection process.

1449:. Henry's impertinent demonstrations of power greatly diminished the overall atmosphere of the festivity. Some princes left the festival without permission, as others used the opportunity for conspiracies. 824:. In 1107, the Salians occupied the bishoprics of Halberstadt, Magdeburg, Speyer and Verdun with the expressed participation of and approval by the princes. The court chapel, the cathedral schools and the 966:

Henry put great effort into documentation and into staging events favorably for the royal party. He was allegedly accompanied by a huge army of 30,000 knights from all over the empire, that according to

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On 5 or 6 January 1106, more than fifty imperial princes were present when Henry V was anointed and crowned king. Ruthard, Archbishop of Mainz, presented the imperial insignia with the cautionary words:

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remained loyal and Henry's opponents failed to assert themselves in Bavaria while the Bavarian nobles attended Henry's court throughout the empire. Despite the events of 1111 and the clashes in 1115,

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and the means by which their service to the king was traditionally made possible and rewarded. If these regalia were returned to the empire, the bishops would have to live off their own property, the

1260:, who refused to pay the annual tribute and Henry allegedly sacrificed a Cologne troop contingent to the Frisians. The citizens of Cologne complained about the draconian regiment of one of Henry's 751:, as reward for Lothar's support during the 1104/05 disempowerment of Henry IV. This act was enforced upon the legal body of the duchy against traditional habits of dynastic inheritance. 3264: 1089:

on 12 April, and the right to invest with ring and staff. On 13 April, Paschal completed the imperial coronation. In addition, Paschal had to swear an oath never to excommunicate Henry.

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who ruled in Southern Italy and with whom the papacy has been trying to counterbalance the Roman-German rulers before. The Normans had already occupied Rome against Henry IV in 1084.

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elements of documentation and propaganda, that might be useful in likely future clashes with the Pope. David's account has not survived, but the work has been used by later authors.

419:, the chief advocate of church reform ideas. Gregory's central demand was that the emperor must refrain from investing abbots and bishops, a practice that had been essential for the 854: 880:

in 1106. The king, however, continued to invest the bishops, but wished the pope to hold a council in Germany to settle the question. After some hesitation, Paschal preferred

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in August 1110 concrete plans were made for a march on Rome and arrangements to bring about an honorable end to the investiture dispute. The army chose the shortest route via the

1512:, excommunicated the emperor, and called upon the pope to ratify the verdict. Paschal, however, refused to take so extreme a step. The discord entered a new stage in 1115 when 713:, the bishops Burchhard von Münster, Otto von Bamberg and Erlung von Würzburg and Count Hermann von Winzenburg were named remarkably often in official documents. From 1108 the 1456:

mentions a child of Henry and Matilda that died soon after birth. A single source mentions a daughter of Henry named Bertha, who was probably illegitimate. She married Count

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and the king broke and with it the ties of consensual rule between the king and the secular princes. In March 1112, the Investiture privilege was revoked by the curia on a

1045:. Pope Paschal proposed that Henry give up the investiture altogether – the appointment of bishops to the episcopate – and in return get back all fiefs of sovereign royal 1042: 888:, renewed his prohibition of lay investiture. The matter slumbered until 1110, when, negotiations between king and pope having failed, Paschal renewed his decrees. 3992: 2794: 1614:

On 2 February 1119, Pope Calixt II took over the pontificate. On 24 October 1119, the Pope and Emperor again negotiated a settlement in the investiture dispute in

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river. However, a battle was prevented by the princes of both sides who wished to find a peaceful solution. At Christmas 1105, an agreement was to be reached at a

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Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsbogen des Vergleichs: Zwanzig internationale Beiträge zu Praxis, Problemen und Perspektiven der historischen Komparatistik

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French ecclesiastical sources in particular consistently judged Henry negatively, stylized him as a troublemaker and as a traitor or tyrant. For the French abbot

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in 1117. The emperor's bond with the nobility of Rome through marriage was unique. In his conflict with the Pope and the struggle for domination in Italy, the

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Property disputes also led to conflicts in Saxony, as Henry interfered with the princely territorial policy while trying to expand the Salian domain. In 1112,

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at a synod in Jerusalem in the summer of 1111. In September 1112 he was excommunicated by a Burgundian synod headed by Archbishop Guido of Vienne, the future

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gained increasing significance. Simultaneously, Henry's opponents gathered in Cologne upon the invitation of Adalbert of Mainz, to discuss clerical issues.

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unification. However, his candidacy at the Mainz electoral assembly on 24 August 1125 was unsuccessful since he refused to accept free elections (

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only on his successful rebellion against the father and the approval of the princes, but also on his inheritance claim to the throne. The city of

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ideas by removing the bishops, Friedrich von Halberstadt, Udo von Hildesheim, and Henry von Paderborn, who had been appointed by his father. In

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who had supported Henry during his struggle with his father. Henry rewarded him generously with the land and title of the Duchy of Saxony as

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supporters. Out of concern for his salvation, Henry then abandoned his father and joined the "salvation community" of the young Bavarians.

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by Calixt in October 1119, abandoned his former papal nominee, Gregory VIII and is again received into the community of the Roman church.

3124: 3997: 2911:"Bürgerrecht. Die Speyrer Privilegien von 1111 und die Anfänge persönlicher Freiheitsrechte in deutschen Städten des hohen Mittelalters" 501:

In November 1104, Henry V joined his father's army on a punitive expedition against Saxon Reformers who had opposed the election of the

1795:) of the princes and he further destroyed his chances due to his overconfidence of victory, which was generally perceived as haughty ( 1361:

proved to be loyal supporters of Henry V. These nobles received extraordinary treatment for their services. Engelbert II acquired the

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and imprisoned him in St. Peter. After two months Henry was able to acquire his father's (Henry IV) absolution from Paschal in the

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during Henry V's reign, which historians have compared to the amicable set of rules and conflict management and settlement of the

1104:. According to scholar Stefan Weinfurter, the year 1111 was a turning point in the reign of Henry V. The recent unity between the 3475: 1811:, who was eventually elected. Legitimacy was no longer determined by inheritance, but through election by the imperial princes. 1663:. The particular clauses of the Concordat were negotiated among the princes. The mutual exchange of two documents, an imperial ( 591:, the property of Bishop Gebhard, not for his protection, but for custody. Henry was thrown into the dungeon and was held there 2060: 1154:

was also granted generous privileges in 1114, however, unlike in Speyer, the residents were not granted any personal freedoms.

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most frequently mentioned by the worldly nobles in the royal documents. Additionally, the archbishops Friedrich of Cologne and

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estates. Henry visited Saxony several times until 1112, as his relationship with the Saxons was stable during the next years.

5784: 3917: 3902: 3887: 3826: 3804: 3747: 3725: 3688: 3654: 3604: 3385: 3358: 3305: 3244: 3217: 3190: 3163: 3084: 2890: 2831: 2798: 2751: 2655: 2587: 2557: 2530: 2503: 2372: 2253: 2179: 2103: 2034: 1972: 1940: 1622:. Henry only wished to make extensive commitments with the consent of the princes. The negotiations failed. The encounter at 1278: 387:, survived childhood; two other siblings had died early. Henry seems to have spent the first years of his life primarily in 6132: 6092: 5571: 5002: 1607:

After the second Italian expedition, the opposition in Germany was gradually crushed, and a general peace was declared at

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Henry V continued to insist on his right to invest with ring and staff as well as on the oath of fidelity for bishops and

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The celebrations for the coronation began on 12 February 1111. Henry V kissed the feet of the Pope in public in front of

3101: 2146: 3789: 3703: 1883: 1780: 1414:. In return, his daughter's marriage to Henry V enormously increased his prestige. On 25 July 1110 Matilda was crowned 218: 5941: 5747: 4799: 4779: 4759: 4429: 4345: 4325: 4305: 4138: 3476:"Fürstliche Opposition gegen das Königtum im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert als Gestalterin mittelalterlicher Staatlichkeit" 1390: 557: 6122: 5969: 5777: 5707: 4804: 4794: 4764: 4651: 4340: 4310: 4280: 1800: 1346: 1312:

At Christmas 1114, unrest culminated in Saxony. On 11 February 1115, Duke Lothair eventually defeated Henry in the

610:"If he does not prove to be a just leader of the empire and a defender of the church, he will end like his father." 541: 482: 316: 1508:

After Henry had departed from Rome in 1111 a council declared the privilege of the lay investiture to be invalid.

525:), an elementary Christian virtue of rulers. His stay concluded with the celebration of the Pentecost festival in 5667: 5318: 4995: 4824: 4774: 4616: 4365: 4320: 4260: 4085: 1808: 1238: 748: 640: 93: 17: 2716:"Untersuchungen zur Darstellung mittelalterlicher Herrscher in der deutschen Kaiserchronik des 12. Jahrhunderts" 1146:. The Speyer civil liberties, legal privileges and economic advance were associated with the memory of Henry V. 6028: 5731: 5238: 4882: 4844: 4839: 4819: 4720: 4385: 4380: 4360: 4295: 3858: 1994: 1659:

Thus, on 23 September 1122 the so-called Concordat of Worms came about. Calixt II, was represented by Cardinal

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allowes the emperor to be present at the ordination of bishops and abbots. Henry is only allowed to grant the

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Henry's indicative bishop investiture with ring and staff did not help to solve the conflict with the papacy.

335:

in 1111. Once crowned emperor, Henry departed from joint rule with the princes and resorted to earlier Salian

5931: 5755: 5739: 5715: 5635: 5627: 4971: 4897: 4834: 4829: 4809: 4784: 4769: 4749: 4705: 4582: 4577: 4375: 4370: 4350: 4330: 4315: 4300: 4285: 4245: 4240: 810: 791: 2026:

Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters: historische Portraits von Heinrich I. bis Maximilian I. (919–1519)

472: 5919: 5914: 5854: 5723: 5691: 5643: 5619: 5603: 4814: 4789: 4710: 4636: 4587: 4572: 4567: 4422: 4403: 4355: 4335: 4290: 4270: 4250: 4235: 4230: 4131: 4095: 3297:

Die älteren Diepoldinger als Markgrafen in Bayern (1077–1204): Adlige Herrschaftsbildung im Hochmittelalter

1804: 1468: 1358: 1350: 1326: 1162: 721: 717: 656: 544:, thereby convincing Leopold to abandon his father's party. At the end of October 1105, Henry V arrived at 493:

Another line of research supports the theory that the murder of Sieghard of Burghausen in February 1104 by

309: 267: 83: 3412:"Inszenierung verpflichtet Zum Verständnis ritueller Akte bei Papst-Kaiser-Begegnungen im 12. Jahrhundert" 2217: 450:, to be his heir and arranged to have Conrad crowned king in Aachen in 1087. After Conrad defected to the 5699: 5595: 4646: 4562: 4275: 4225: 2091:

Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie – Bd. 1: Aufstieg und Machtentfaltung (975 bis 1190)

1719:

The marriage ties with the English royal dynasty involved Henry into the Franco-Norman conflict in 1123.

1541: 1509: 710: 439: 3932:

History of the Western Empire, from its Restoration by Charlemagne to the Accession of Charles V, Vol. I

438:

Henry IV therefore sought to strengthen his influence in the south. His daughter, Agnes, was engaged to

5814: 4938: 4854: 4737: 3948: 3021: 1298: 799: 744: 502: 392: 4726: 6152: 4966: 4947: 4928: 4695: 740: 600: 798:

and obtain their royal documents. Under Henry V opposition to Salian rule reached its climax in the

6142: 5834: 4906: 4732: 2329:"The Medieval Empire in Central Europe: Dynastic Continuity in the Post-Carolingian Frankish Realm" 1675:

between pope and emperor. Upon future bishop ordinations, a distinction was to be made between the

1660: 1006:

Pope Paschal, who could not count on further support from Matilda of Tuscany, sought help from the

935: 921: 920:

upon his departure for Italy. He signalled preparedness as he ordered a new royal seal to be made.

857: 2983: 683:

confronts and triumphs over emperor Henry V, who is forced to withdraw from Poland, 24 August 1109

680: 599:(crown, scepter, imperial cross, holy lance and imperial sword). Henry IV then was transferred to 6117: 5904: 5800: 5132: 4527: 4445: 4069: 2848: 1342: 1219: 1206: 1078: 869: 775: 486: 320: 3925:

Readings in European History: From the breaking up of the Roman empire to the Protestant revolt.

3646:

Papst und Kaiser als Zwillinge?: Ein anderer Blick auf die Universalgewalten im Investiturstreit

1656:

met on 29 September 1121 in Würzburg and forced the emperor to finally reconcile with the pope.

5506: 4887: 4656: 2979:

Readings in European History: From the breaking up of the Roman empire to the Protestant revolt

1764: 1520:

Pope Paschal died on 21 January 1118. Henry helped to appoint Archbishop Mauritius of Braga as

1457: 1286: 984: 821: 732: 692:

affairs, increased. In several documents Henry would state that he had carried out his actions

420: 327:

from the bishops. Then in order to at least preserve the previous right to invest, he captured

3644: 3375: 3348: 3295: 3207: 3180: 3153: 2821: 2741: 2577: 2547: 2493: 2169: 2089: 1707:

for bishops and by the bishops for the abbots. Henry, who had been solemnly excommunicated at

1423:

clothing at the wedding. He was forgiven for his participation in the inheritance disputes of

6097: 5989: 5874: 5675: 4673: 4621: 4593: 4060: 3594: 3074: 2645: 1521: 1472: 1415: 1269:). The territorial princes complained as well. From 1113 Henry had begun to adopt the Salian 1035: 898: 588: 548:, the centre of Salian rule. Here he installed Gebhard, a fervent opponent of his father, as 165: 3209:

Rom und die Regionen: Studien zur Homogenisierung der lateinischen Kirche im Hochmittelalter

2520: 2243: 2024: 1870:

mentioned an "emperor" for the very first time among its record on the capture of the pope:

1845: 1844:

asserted that his childlessness was the just punishment for the betrayal of his father. For

1453: 651: 6102: 5984: 5824: 5683: 5550: 4919: 4873: 4754: 4684: 4661: 4631: 4265: 2795:"Constitutiones et acta publica imperatorum et regum. Bearbeitet von Ludwig Weiland. Bd. 1" 1313: 1215: 1170: 817: 763: 583:, Henry persuaded his father to retreat to a castle for his own protection, as Archbishop 8: 5946: 5536: 5501: 5470: 5435: 5419: 5363: 5063: 5055: 4700: 4690: 4678: 4516: 4487: 4472: 4458: 4215: 4205: 3954: 2715: 1841: 1703:

to the newly elected with his scepter. The final consecration was to be performed by the

1529: 783: 672: 537: 530: 446:. The emperor also sought to secure his royal succession. Henry IV chose his eldest son, 384: 41: 2977: 1872:"Emperor Henry came to Rome, captured Paschal by treason and forced him to take an oath" 6071: 5892: 5864: 5849: 5651: 5484: 4715: 4606: 4543: 4507: 4195: 4154: 4113: 4074: 4043: 3495: 3431: 2429: 2299: 1728: 1720: 1640: 1634:

to submit to a reconciliation ritual and meet the Pope bare-footed. After his father's

1575: 1513: 1461: 1442: 1407: 1366: 1051: 926: 861: 767: 447: 412: 380: 349: 301: 232: 155: 105: 55: 4987: 3076:

Adlige – Stifter – Mönche: zum Verhältnis zwischen Klöstern und mittelalterlichem Adel

1544:

had only limited effects, Gelasius II himself banished the emperor. For a forthcoming

595:

over Christmas. At the Reichstag in Mainz, Henry prompted his father to hand over the

464:

policies proceeded to be extremely cautious after the death of his older son, Conrad.

365:

Henry V was probably born on 11 August in 1081 or 1086. However, only the date of his

6021: 6001: 5979: 5819: 5577: 5558: 5403: 5156: 4548: 4477: 4180: 3964: 3913: 3898: 3883: 3854: 3822: 3800: 3785: 3743: 3721: 3699: 3684: 3650: 3600: 3499: 3435: 3381: 3354: 3301: 3240: 3213: 3186: 3159: 3080: 2910: 2886: 2827: 2747: 2651: 2583: 2553: 2526: 2499: 2368: 2249: 2175: 2099: 2095: 2030: 1968: 1936: 1867: 1768: 1223: 1174: 1097: 1031: 1027: 1015: 825: 345: 1751: 1377: 372:

at Easter 1101 can be confirmed. This ceremony usually took place at the age of 15.

5936: 5925: 5839: 5492: 5411: 5387: 4743: 4641: 4521: 4467: 4200: 4185: 3487: 3423: 3055: 2671: 1700: 1649: 1615: 1537: 1491:, the preferred eastern Alpine crossing during the Middle Ages, seen from the north 1438: 1386: 1338: 1186: 1105: 1101: 1020: 968: 787: 778:

and Borivoi on Svatopluk forced Henry to give up his campaign. Instead, he invaded

596: 584: 549: 416: 404: 341: 213: 1735:

and an invasion in Northern France would enable him to strengthen his position in

1536:

had only been founded recently. However, Gregor was unable to best his competitor

663:, where resentments against Imperial rule repeatedly culminated in armed conflicts 5953: 5909: 5869: 5844: 5611: 5520: 5443: 5427: 4600: 4492: 4482: 4210: 4190: 4170: 3577: 3234: 2880: 2403: 1962: 1930: 1635: 1584: 1566:

of Henry's court, since apparently nobody ever requested any of these documents.

1429: 1399: 1382: 1362: 1198: 1182: 1143: 1109: 1024: 833: 736: 580: 506: 443: 432: 428: 408: 400: 376: 328: 297: 289: 277: 190: 100: 2823:

The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100–1350: Essays by German Historians

2277: 1419:

conflicts in recent years. Duke Lothair of Supplinburg appeared barefoot and in

771: 687:

In spring 1106, while Henry reflects on his father's mistakes, he remarked that

521:, he entered the town barefoot on Palm Sunday, thus demonstrating his humility ( 5995: 5898: 5587: 5379: 4626: 4557: 4533: 4220: 4014: 3846: 3711:"Noch einmal zu den Vorwürfen gegen Heinrich IV. Genese, Themen, Einsatzfelder" 2324: 1995:"Noch einmal zu den Vorwürfen gegen Heinrich IV. Genese, Themen, Einsatzfelder" 1837: 1772: 1591: 1274: 1242: 1231: 1166: 1151: 992: 782:

to compel them to renew their accustomed tribute but was again defeated at the

257: 3491: 1787:

Abbey, are the only monasteries that have adopted Henry V's memorial service.

6086: 5528: 5018: 4957: 4102: 4050: 4001:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 277–278. 3988: 3983: 3941: 3937: 3427: 2195: 1820:

Archbishop Adalbert of Mainz characterized the immediate reign of Henry V as

1732: 1495: 1403: 1007: 553: 494: 137: 2495:

Das Papsttum und das vielgestaltige Italien: Hundert Jahre Italia Pontificia

2362: 1611:, while the desire for a settlement of the investiture dispute was growing. 1580: 1297:, Duke Gottfried of Lorraine, Henry of Zutphen, and Count Theodoric of Aar, 1023:

in 1111, Milan began to build up its own territory. The Norman army sent by

949:

Henry V sent envoys to Matilda in order to negotiate and complete the note:

552:. In the fall of 1105, the armies of father and son faced each other at the 6016: 4502: 4453: 1723:

asked his son-in-law for military support in his struggle for dominance in

1684: 1488: 1261: 1227: 1094: 714: 617:

and the divine mandate was no longer the legitimate basis for Salian rule.

5769: 3261:

Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode

2643: 1410:

paid the extraordinarily high sum of 10,000 or 15,000 pounds of silver as

6006: 5465: 5371: 4667: 4165: 3834:"König, Fürsten und Reich: (1056–1159); Herrschaftsverständnis im Wandel" 2549:

Deutsche Biographische Enzyklopädie der Theologie und der Kirchen (DBETh)

2278:"König, Fürsten und Reich: (1056–1159); Herrschaftsverständnis im Wandel" 1826:"election" should bring "freedom" to the church and "peace" to the people 1563: 1501: 1483: 1011: 975:. The strength of his forces helped him to secure general recognition in 731:

After the 1106 death of the last member of the Saxon Billung family line

518: 459:, where he was required to repeat the oath. His brother, Conrad, died in 47: 3536: 1552:

and during Henry's absence the royal princes planned the restoration of

1549: 925:

presence was particularly important for Henry as he had been married to

5350: 5326: 5302: 4976: 1630:. During the negotiations on the solution of the ban, Henry V found it 1467:

Eventually, affairs in Italy compelled Henry to leave and appoint duke

980: 873: 755: 614: 388: 336: 332: 70: 4414: 4123: 1445:

captured and imprisoned for his participation in the Saxon rebellion,

1333:

documents in which only thirteen of all 38 bishoprics were addressed.

1157: 973:

impressive display of worldly power in the nightly glow of the torches

813:, yet became one of the causes for Henry IV's conflict with the Pope. 676: 5829: 5545: 5395: 5294: 5254: 5230: 5214: 5079: 5071: 5046: 4175: 1306: 1302: 877: 696:. In order to find greater consent with the nobility he would summon 526: 403:, as the centre of resistance, was joined by the southern duchies of 3969:

History of Latin Christianity, including that of the Popes, Vol. III

3621: 3325: 3263:(Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at: 2618: 2328: 2022: 1193: 805:

Henry V. continued the practice of investiture with ring and staff (

667: 6066: 5515: 5479: 5310: 5286: 5278: 5262: 5246: 5222: 5182: 4863: 3521: 3059: 1860: 1760: 1736: 1724: 1424: 1257: 976: 931: 902: 868:

Henry's primary concern during his reign was the settlement of the

587:

would refuse to let him into the city. Henry agreed and was led to

460: 366: 3982:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

1759:

During his last years the emperor was occupied with a campaign in

853: 647:, the basis for his ascent as Henry's royal and imperial successor 626:

present himself as a legitimate force of conservation and progress

621: 5342: 5334: 5206: 5198: 5190: 5174: 5166: 5095: 5087: 5033: 1420: 1133: 1073:

The empire during Ottonian and Salian rule (10th to 12th century)

1046: 943: 939: 759: 705: 572: 324: 252: 202: 1464:

marriages of imperial partisans would receive particular honor.

1066:

was not the investiture, but the secularization of the bishops.

6033: 5270: 5140: 5111: 5103: 2360: 1776: 1608: 1452:

The marriage to Matilda produced no male heirs. The chronicler

1063: 893: 885: 881: 779: 697: 620:

However, Henry IV escaped from prison in Ingelheim and fled to

545: 456: 424: 305: 186: 3522:"Das Wormser Konkordat und der Südwesten des regnum Romanorum" 2743:

The Regions of Italy: A Reference Guide to History and Culture

5148: 3895:

Das europäische Mittelalter im Spannungsbogen des Vergleichs.

3046:

JW Thompson (1918). "Church and State in Mediaeval Germany".

2427: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 1832: 1708: 1623: 1619: 1525: 1411: 1055: 998: 910: 906: 660: 564: 3769:"Heinrich V. : Könige und Große am Ende der Salierzeit" 3205: 2491: 1222:

and most significant the break with his long-time confidant

577:"fell around his father's neck", "shed tears and kissed him" 6011: 5119: 2819: 2692:

I. Montanelli; Storia d'Italia Vol 476–1250 p. 440, Rizzoli

2196:"Vita Heinrici IV imperatoris (Leben Kaiser Heinrichs IV.)" 1740: 1628:"end and turning point of royal penance in Medieval Europe" 1069: 689:"disregard for the princes was the downfall of the empire." 644: 2364:

Heinrich V. : Könige und Große am Ende der Salierzeit

2009: 636: 1030:

to rescue the papists was turned back by the imperialist

304:(from 1111 to 1125), as the fourth and last ruler of the 3377:

Kampf um den Stuhl Petri: Die Geschichte der Gegenpäpste

1433:(submission). This occasion is the only known case of a 1372: 1289:

also failed to achieve consent with the Saxon nobility.

913:

in February 1111 and from there proceeded towards Rome.

5017: 3642: 2644:

Clifford J. Rogers; John France; Kelly DeVries (2010).

2545: 991:

can understand it. Thus, Henry had already planned the

3022:"Die Bischöfe von Speyerzur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II" 1540:. After a banishment of Henry by papal legates around 762:, which was only partially successful. Henry summoned 319:

and the struggle against the reform papacy during the

3575: 3232: 2721:. Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. p. 298 1928: 476:

Emperor Henry V visits his father Henry IV in prison.

415:. These southern duchies again sought the support of 296:; probably 11 August 1081 or 1086 – 23 May 1125) was 3740:

Die Staufer: Eine mittelalterliche Herrscherdynastie

2333:

Journal of the Australian Early Medieval Association

2118: 2116: 1767:, two disputes in which his opponents were aided by 1281:

during the same year. The appointment of Bruning as

1256:

also broke with Henry during a campaign against the

3519: 3178: 2739: 2485: 1654:

many "heads of the state" (tot capita rei publicae)

1528:served as the residence city of the newly emerging 1230:. The conflict with Adalbert apparently arose over 1158:

Breach of the consensual order and war with Cologne

593:"unwashed and unshaven and deprived of any service" 3783:"Fidi milites? Die Staufer und Kaiser Heinrich V." 3696:"Das Jahrhundert der Salier (1024–1125) Seite 175" 3636: 3373: 3326:"Fidi milites? Die Staufer und Kaiser Heinrich V." 3199: 2619:"Das Jahrhundert der Salier (1024–1125) Seite 175" 379:(died in 1087), Henry and his two older siblings, 3910:The Papacy, 1073-1198: Continuity and Innovation. 3553: 3551: 3054:(4). The American Journal of Theologyy: 513–540. 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2700: 2698: 2616: 2361:Jürgen Dendorfer, Tilman Struve (14 April 2024). 2241: 2113: 1960: 989:such a simple style that even less learned people 6084: 3323: 3151: 2637: 2579:The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation 2144: 2087: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1185:) in 1113. The site served as depository of the 3226: 3147: 3145: 3072: 2571: 2569: 2539: 2237: 2235: 2023:Bernd Schneidmüller; Stefan Weinfurter (2003). 1924: 1922: 1920: 1886:– he was related to every other king of Germany 6148:11th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire 6051:Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma 3548: 3236:History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages 2975: 2933: 2813: 2695: 2575: 2167: 1671:) paper marked the official settlement of the 5785: 5003: 4430: 4139: 3799:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–. 3473: 3350:Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth 3019: 2746:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 196–. 2582:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 127–. 2174:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 290–. 2083: 2081: 1949: 1601:Città del Vaticano, Archivio Segreto Vaticano 1402:took place in Utrecht at Easter of 1110. The 694:"with the judgment and advice of the princes" 308:dynasty. He was made co-ruler by his father, 6128:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church 3843:(PDF). Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2008 3649:. Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. pp. 188–. 3592: 3409: 3142: 3099: 3079:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. pp. 63–. 2733: 2566: 2232: 2161: 1917: 1714: 1679:(secular property and prerogatives) and the 1478: 884:to Germany, and, after holding a council at 820:was invested with ring and staff as the new 631: 5799: 3880:Das Papsttum und das vielgestaltige Italien 3841:"Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein" 3367: 3293: 3045: 2878: 2518: 2300:"Die Salier, das Reich und der Niederrhein" 1587:was only consecrated 12 years prior in 1110 1309:ended Henry's presence at the Lower Rhine. 848: 6138:Burials at St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht 5792: 5778: 5010: 4996: 4437: 4423: 4146: 4132: 3764:. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 2009 3716:Schneidmüller, Bernd; Weinfurter, Stefan. 3569: 3346: 3066: 3007:(Princeton University Press, 2009), p. 215 2908: 2792: 2512: 2482:, in: Encyklopedia Wrocławia, Wrocław 2000 2323: 2078: 2058: 1771:. On 23 May 1125, Henry died of cancer in 40: 3757:Adam & Charles Black, p. 70 1914 3674:Medieval Italy: an encyclopedia, Volume 1 3619: 3586: 3340: 3182:Married Life in the Middle Ages, 900–1300 3172: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2275: 1779:, his heart and bowels are buried at the 963:. The way to Rome was open for the king. 918:was imbued with ideas of an epochal event 567:for the announced diet. According to the 536:Henry V promised the hand of his sister, 348:ended the Investiture Controversy in the 315:In Emperor Henry IV's conflicts with the 3987: 3718:Die deutschen Herrscher des Mittelalters 3353:. Yale University Press. pp. 716–. 3287: 3253: 3122: 2846: 2467:"S. Orgelbranda Encyklopedia Powszechna" 2401: 1992: 1853:("proditio et perfidia diu premeditata") 1750: 1590: 1579: 1494: 1482: 1471:and his brother Conrad, the future king 1376: 1273:, when for the first time, Burchhard, a 1192: 1161: 1068: 997: 852: 786:. In 1110, he succeeded in securing the 724:would frequently appear in the records. 666: 650: 635: 471: 375:Three children of Henry IV and his wife 46:Henry V depicted in a contemporary 4444: 4153: 3945:The Cambridge Medieval History: Vol III 3851:"The Medieval Empire in Central Europe" 3524:. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg 3319: 3317: 3206:Jochen Johrendt; Harald Müller (2012). 2957:A History of Germany in the Middle Ages 2872: 2826:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 125–. 2766: 2713: 2492:Klaus Herbers; Jochen Johrendt (2009). 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2135:(Adam & Charles Black, 1914), p. 70 1850:planned betrayal and treachery in Rome 1746: 1320:on 1 November 1115 in Mainz. Scheduled 331:and forced him to perform his imperial 14: 6085: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2904: 2902: 2820:Graham A. Loud; Jochen Schenk (2017). 2650:. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 38–. 2605: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 1988: 1986: 1984: 529:and the confirmation of the Magdeburg 467: 5773: 4991: 4418: 4127: 3774:Dendorfer, Jürgen; Deutinger, Roman. 3520:Frederic Laudenklos (12 March 2008). 3300:. Herbert Utz Verlag. pp. 398–. 3015: 3013: 2525:. W. Kohlhammer Verlag. pp. 3–. 2149:. Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg 2145:Jürgen Dendorfer (15 November 2009). 1569: 1441:. On the other hand, Henry had Count 1373:Marriage to Matilda of England (1110) 1173:. Henry V ignored property claims of 909:, then moved to Florence, arrived at 754:In 1107, Henry campaigned to restore 3771:Böhlau Verlag, Köln Weimar Wien 2008 3314: 3212:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 376–. 3158:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 328–. 2647:Journal of Medieval Military History 2552:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 793–. 2498:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 138–. 2388: 2347: 1126: 955:for peace and the honor of the king 183: 11 August 1081/11 August 1086 27:Holy Roman Emperor from 1111 to 1125 5975:Church and state in medieval Europe 3878:Herbers, Klaus; Johrendt, Jochen. 3776:"Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter" 3767:Dendorfer, Jürgen; Struve, Tilman. 3596:Lothars III. Kampf mit den Staufern 3403: 2962: 2899: 2430:"Das Lehnswesen im Hochmittelalter" 2428:Jürgen Dendorfer, Roman Deutinger. 2367:. Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg. 2262: 2043: 1981: 1822:"oppression" of "church and empire" 1755:Henry V's tomb, Cathedral of Speyer 1731:, Henry V had vague designs on the 24: 3959:The Normans in the South 1016–1130 3762:"Regensburg im »Investiturstreit«" 3681:Canossa: die Entzauberung der Welt 3125:"Die Kaiserinnen des Mittelalters" 3010: 2617:Stefan Weinfurter (January 2006). 2546:Bernd Moeller; Bruno Jahn (2011). 2248:. Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 3–. 2147:"Regensburg im "Investiturstreit"" 1964:Canossa: die Entzauberung der Welt 1884:Family tree of the German monarchs 1781:Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht 1626:in October 1119 is considered the 739:to either of the two sons-in-law, 540:, in marriage to the Babenberger, 360: 219:Cathedral of Saint Martin, Utrecht 25: 6164: 5942:Norman conquest of southern Italy 3853:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 3324:Jürgen Dendorfer (January 2005). 3005:The Crisis of the Twelfth Century 1799:). Further royal candidates were 1391:Corpus Christi College, Cambridge 1277:was installed as governor of the 1189:during the 12th and 13th century. 1062:. For Pope Paschal, the cause of 951:"de pace de regis honore suoque" 6113:11th-century Kings of the Romans 6108:12th-century Holy Roman Emperors 6065: 5045: 4399: 4398: 3975: 3821:Oldenbourg Verlag. pp. 3–. 3643:Claudius Sieber-Lehmann (2015). 3380:. Verlag Herder. pp. 257–. 3048:The American Journal of Theology 1801:Leopold III, Margrave of Austria 1599:), issued on 23 September 1122 ( 1381:Wedding banquet of Henry V. and 1353:as well as his brother Hartwig, 1347:Diepold III, Margrave of Vohburg 483:Margrave Diepold III von Vohburg 3613: 3560: 3513: 3467: 3458: 3449: 3394: 3278: 3269: 3116: 3093: 3039: 2997: 2959:, (Haskell House, 1894), p. 222 2949: 2924: 2863: 2840: 2786: 2769:"Papsttum und Invesriturstreit" 2760: 2707: 2686: 2664: 2596: 2472: 2469:, Warsaw 1902, vol. XII, p. 406 2460: 2447: 2421: 2317: 2292: 2210: 2188: 2138: 1932:Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia 983:intended to crown him with the 864:were married from 1089 to 1095. 241: 6029:Separation of church and state 3576:Eduard Gervais (of-?) (1842). 3543:The Cambridge Medieval History 3239:. Cambridge University Press. 3233:Ferdinand Gregorovius (2010). 2982:. Ginn & company. p. 2404:"Studien zum Hof Heinrichs V." 2125: 1929:Christopher Kleinhenz (2004). 1897: 1169:near the modern small town of 13: 1: 3797:Henry IV of Germany 1056–1106 3622:"Die Salier. Macht im Wandel" 3185:. OUP Oxford. pp. 296–. 2171:Henry IV of Germany 1056-1106 1911: 1249:, though was later pardoned. 179: 5920:First Council of the Lateran 5855:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 4010:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 3912:Cambridge University Press. 3866:Studien zum Hof Heinrichs V. 3733:"Heinrich V. in seiner Zeit" 3480:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3416:Frühmittelalterliche Studien 3179:Elisabeth van Houts (2019). 2740:Roy Palmer Domenico (2002). 2061:"Heinrich V. in seiner Zeit" 1890: 1814: 1805:Charles I, Count of Flanders 1469:Frederick II of Hohenstaufen 268:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 7: 6133:Burials at Speyer Cathedral 6093:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 5915:First Battle of Langensalza 5860:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 3778:(PDF). Jan Thorbecke Verlag 3599:. diplom.de. pp. 22–. 3374:Christiane Laudage (2012). 1877: 1689:"the clergy and the people" 1683:(spiritual authority). The 1542:Jordan, Archbishop of Milan 1510:Guido, Archbishop of Vienne 1327:Duke Frederick II of Swabia 816:In Mainz on 7 January 1106 735:, Henry did not confer the 442:, who in 1079 obtained the 200:23 May 1125 (aged 38 or 43) 65:13 April 1111 – 23 May 1125 10: 6169: 5815:Atto (archbishop of Milan) 4939:North German Confederation 4855:Confederation of the Rhine 3949:Cambridge University Press 3836:. University of Heidelberg 3666: 3486:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 3422:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 2242:Wilfried Hartmann (2010). 2029:. C.H. Beck. pp. 5–. 1961:Stefan Weinfurter (2006). 1775:. His bones are buried at 1763:and the succession of the 1573: 1036:Ptolemy I of Tusculum 6060: 6042: 5962: 5932:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088 5883: 5807: 5570: 5455: 5362: 5131: 5054: 5043: 5026: 4956: 4937: 4918: 4896: 4872: 4853: 4542: 4501: 4452: 4394: 4161: 4111: 4100: 4092: 4082: 4067: 4057: 4048: 4040: 4035: 4008: 3961:. Longmans: London, 1967. 3875:C.H. Sergel Company, 1894 3492:10.1515/9783110179149.141 3152:Michael Borgolte (2009). 3102:"Die Grafen von Sulzbach" 2218:"Annales hildesheimenses" 2088:Wolfgang Stürner (2019). 1743:and Henry returned home. 1715:Failed campaign in France 1479:Second Italian expedition 1002:Map of Italy, around 1050 657:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio 632:Period of consensual rule 273: 263: 251: 226: 208: 196: 175: 171: 161: 151: 143: 136: 128: 120: 112: 99: 89: 79: 69: 61: 54: 39: 34: 5835:Gotofredo da Castiglione 5458:(title disputed 887–933) 4907:Archduke John of Austria 3993:Henry V. (Roman emperor) 3713:University of Heidelberg 3672:Kleinhenz, Christopher. 3428:10.1515/9783110242331.61 3073:Nathalie Kruppa (2007). 1864:Chronicon Kemperlegiense 1661:Lambert, Bishop of Ostia 1447:which upset many princes 1351:Engelbert II of Spanheim 849:First Italian expedition 300:(from 1099 to 1125) and 6123:Investiture Controversy 5905:Donation of Constantine 5801:Investiture Controversy 3998:Encyclopædia Britannica 3868:University of Bonn 2015 2976:Robinson, J.H. (1904). 2849:"Die Macht der Rituale" 2576:I. S. Robinson (1990). 2168:I. S. Robinson (2003). 2110:Book only has 391 pages 1687:was to be performed by 1343:Berengar II of Sulzbach 1299:Count Gerhard of Julich 1224:Adalbert of Saarbrücken 1220:Reinhard of Halberstadt 1087:Treaty of Ponte Mammolo 922:Duke Welf II of Bavaria 870:Investiture Controversy 858:Duke Welf II of Bavaria 776:Boleslaus III of Poland 720:and from 1111 Margrave 571:On 20 December 1105 in 503:Archbishop of Magdeburg 487:Berengar II of Sulzbach 355: 321:Investiture Controversy 6072:Catholicism portal 3474:Monika Suchan (2003). 3265:Genealogie Mittelalter 1848:, Henry was guilty of 1765:margraviate of Meissen 1756: 1652:called a gathering of 1604: 1588: 1505: 1492: 1458:Ptolemy II of Tusculum 1394: 1271:practice of occupation 1239:Lothair of Supplinburg 1210: 1190: 1074: 1028:Robert I of Capua 1003: 985:Iron Crown of Lombardy 865: 822:Archbishop of Salzburg 684: 664: 648: 641:Lothair of Supplinburg 477: 421:Imperial Church System 293: 5990:Divine right of kings 5875:Rudolf of Rheinfelden 3819:Der Investiturstreit. 3812:The Holy Roman Empire 3742:. Kohlhammer Verlag. 3593:Holger Macht (2004). 3410:Gerd Althoff (2001). 2797:. MGH. Archived from 2674:. Deutsche Biographie 1857:behaved like a tyrant 1754: 1632:hard, even unbearable 1594: 1583: 1498: 1486: 1380: 1196: 1165: 1072: 1001: 981:archbishop Grossolano 899:Great St Bernard Pass 856: 807:per anulum et baculum 749:Lothar of Supplinburg 670: 654: 639: 563:Henry IV advanced to 475: 431:Henry IV in 1077. By 399:the landed nobility. 344:, and in 1122 he and 5985:College of Cardinals 5825:Antipope Clement III 5668:Lothair III (or II) 5021:between 476 and 1556 4920:German Confederation 4874:German Confederation 3955:Norwich, John Julius 3927:Ginn & co (1904) 3817:Hartmann, Wilfried. 3698:. Thorbecke Verlag, 3694:Weinfurter, Stefan. 3679:Weinfurter, Stefan. 3294:Tobias Küss (2013). 2882:Der Investiturstreit 2879:Claudia Zey (2017). 2774:. Universität Zürich 2519:Egon Boshof (2008). 2480:"Bitwa na Psim Polu" 2245:Der Investiturstreit 1747:Death and succession 1685:episcopal ordination 1355:Bishop of Regensburg 1314:Battle of Welfesholz 1295:Archbishop Frederick 1283:Bishop of Hildesheim 1254:Frederick of Cologne 1216:Conrad I of Salzburg 1079:St. Peter's Basilica 843:Châlons-en-Champagne 507:Pope Paschal II 433:repenting at Canossa 4459:Carolingian dynasty 4446:Monarchs of Germany 4155:Holy Roman emperors 4086:Emperor Lothair III 3893:Borgolte, Michael. 3882:Walter de Gruyter. 3781:Dendorfer, Jürgen. 3760:Dendorfer, Jürgen. 3738:Stürner, Wolfgang. 3347:John Freed (2016). 3020:Karl-Albert Zölch. 3003:Bisson, Thomas M., 2955:Henderson, Ernest, 2801:on 17 February 2020 2220:. Archive org. 1878 2198:. Geschichtsquellen 1868:Quimperlé monastery 1807:and the Saxon Duke 1673:investiture dispute 1595:Imperial document ( 1534:local archbishopric 1530:Kingdom of Portugal 1475:as administrators. 1427:after performing a 1287:Bishop of Merseburg 1247:Battle of Warnstadt 1207:William R. Shepherd 784:Battle of Hundsfeld 745:Otto of Ballenstedt 673:Battle of Hundsfeld 468:Assumption of power 452:Church Reform Party 395:Bishop of Utrecht. 342:Gregorian reformers 5893:Concordat of Worms 5865:Matilda of Tuscany 5850:Henry I of England 4544:Kingdom of Germany 4508:Kingdom of Germany 4114:Holy Roman Emperor 4075:King of the Romans 3873:History of Bohemia 3731:Lubich, Gerhard. 3676:. Routledge, 2004. 3100:Jürgen Dendorfer. 2455:History of Bohemia 1846:Hériman of Tournai 1757: 1729:Louis VI of France 1721:Henry I of England 1639:conclusion of the 1605: 1589: 1576:Concordat of Worms 1570:Concordat of Worms 1514:Matilda of Tuscany 1506: 1493: 1454:Hériman of Tournai 1443:Louis of Thuringia 1416:Roman-German Queen 1408:Henry I of England 1395: 1383:Matilda of England 1367:Duchy of Carinthia 1359:Bishop of Augsburg 1279:Diocese of Cambrai 1211: 1191: 1177:and declared it a 1114:depraved privilege 1112:and designated as 1075: 1060:Concordat of Sutri 1004: 927:Matilda of Tuscany 866: 862:Matilda of Tuscany 768:Coloman of Hungary 764:Svatopluk the Lion 685: 665: 649: 478: 350:Concordat of Worms 302:Holy Roman Emperor 233:Matilda of England 221:(heart and bowels) 147:1098 – 23 May 1125 116:1099 – 23 May 1125 106:King of the Romans 56:Holy Roman Emperor 6080: 6079: 6022:Donation of Pepin 6002:Holy Roman Empire 5980:Clerical celibacy 5820:Pope Callixtus II 5767: 5766: 5578:Holy Roman Empire 4985: 4984: 4911: 4910:(Imperial Regent) 4549:Holy Roman Empire 4478:Louis the Younger 4412: 4411: 4122: 4121: 4083:Succeeded by 4058:Succeeded by 3918:978-0-521-31922-5 3903:978-3-05-004829-1 3888:978-3-11-021468-0 3871:Vickers, Robert. 3827:978-3-486-70142-5 3814:. MacMillan, 1913 3805:978-0-521-54590-7 3795:Robinson, I. S. 3748:978-3-17-035365-7 3726:978-3-406-50958-2 3689:978-3-406-53590-1 3656:978-3-412-22450-9 3606:978-3-8324-8385-2 3582:. F.A. Brockhaus. 3579:Kaiser Lothar III 3387:978-3-451-34636-1 3360:978-0-300-22116-9 3307:978-3-8316-4261-8 3246:978-1-108-01503-5 3219:978-3-11-028929-9 3192:978-0-19-251974-0 3165:978-3-05-004829-1 3086:978-3-525-35886-3 2892:978-3-406-70656-1 2833:978-1-317-02199-5 2753:978-0-313-30733-1 2657:978-1-84383-596-7 2589:978-0-521-31922-5 2559:978-3-11-095988-8 2532:978-3-17-020183-5 2505:978-3-11-021468-0 2453:Vickers, Robert, 2374:978-3-412-20201-9 2255:978-3-486-70142-5 2181:978-0-521-54590-7 2122:Kleinhenz, p. 492 2105:978-3-17-035365-7 2098:. pp. 446–. 2096:Kohlhammer Verlag 2036:978-3-406-50958-2 1974:978-3-406-53590-1 1942:978-1-135-94880-1 1824:and the upcoming 1769:Lothair of Saxony 1522:Pope Gregory VIII 1175:Adalbert of Mainz 1127:Return to Germany 1098:Cuno of Praeneste 1032:count of Tusculum 1016:Robert I of Capua 826:diocesan chapters 722:Hermann von Baden 718:Duke Friedrich II 597:imperial insignia 589:Böckelheim Castle 391:. His mentor was 346:Pope Callixtus II 283: 282: 16:(Redirected from 6160: 6153:Sons of emperors 6070: 6069: 5937:Gregorian Reform 5926:In nomine Domini 5840:Pope Gregory VII 5794: 5787: 5780: 5771: 5770: 5759: 5751: 5743: 5735: 5727: 5719: 5711: 5703: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5671: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5639: 5631: 5623: 5615: 5607: 5599: 5591: 5572:Kingdom of Italy 5562: 5554: 5540: 5532: 5524: 5510: 5496: 5488: 5474: 5447: 5439: 5431: 5423: 5415: 5407: 5399: 5391: 5383: 5375: 5354: 5346: 5338: 5330: 5322: 5314: 5306: 5298: 5290: 5282: 5274: 5266: 5258: 5250: 5242: 5234: 5226: 5218: 5210: 5202: 5194: 5186: 5178: 5170: 5162: 5152: 5144: 5123: 5115: 5107: 5099: 5091: 5083: 5075: 5067: 5049: 5037: 5012: 5005: 4998: 4989: 4988: 4909: 4468:Louis the German 4439: 4432: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4402: 4401: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4125: 4124: 4096:Emperor Henry IV 4093:Preceded by 4041:Preceded by 4031: 4024: 4006: 4005: 4002: 3981: 3979: 3978: 3908:Robinson, I. S. 3839:Struve, Tilman. 3832:Schlick, Jutta. 3709:Althoff, Gerd. 3661: 3660: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3617: 3611: 3610: 3590: 3584: 3583: 3573: 3567: 3564: 3558: 3555: 3546: 3540: 3534: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3471: 3465: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3407: 3401: 3398: 3392: 3391: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3321: 3312: 3311: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3276: 3273: 3267: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3230: 3224: 3223: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3129: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3097: 3091: 3090: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3027:. Uni Heidelberg 3026: 3017: 3008: 3001: 2995: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2973: 2960: 2953: 2947: 2944: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2909:Kurt Andermann. 2906: 2897: 2896: 2876: 2870: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2793:Ludwig Weiland. 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2773: 2764: 2758: 2757: 2737: 2731: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2720: 2711: 2705: 2702: 2693: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2614: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2593: 2573: 2564: 2563: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2516: 2510: 2509: 2489: 2483: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2451: 2445: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2434: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2408: 2399: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2358: 2345: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2304: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2280:. Uni Heidelberg 2273: 2260: 2259: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2214: 2208: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2165: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2142: 2136: 2131:Holland, A. W., 2129: 2123: 2120: 2111: 2109: 2085: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2065: 2059:Gerhard Lubich. 2056: 2041: 2040: 2020: 2007: 2006: 2004: 2002: 1997:. Uni Heidelberg 1990: 1979: 1978: 1958: 1947: 1946: 1926: 1905: 1901: 1842:Richard of Cluny 1797:ambicone cecatus 1650:Ekkehard of Aura 1538:Pope Gelasius II 1439:Ottonian dynasty 1387:Ekkehard of Aura 1385:. (Chronicle of 1365:and in 1124 the 1339:Duchy of Bavaria 1203:Historical Atlas 1187:imperial regalia 1102:Pope Calixtus II 969:Otto of Freising 876:at the synod of 800:Milan metropolis 792:Ladislaus I 788:Duchy of Bohemia 585:Ruthard of Mainz 569:Vita Heinrici IV 417:Pope Gregory VII 317:imperial princes 245: 243: 214:Speyer Cathedral 184: 181: 44: 32: 31: 21: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6157: 6143:Empress Matilda 6083: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6064: 6056: 6038: 5958: 5954:Walk to Canossa 5910:Excommunication 5885: 5879: 5870:Pope Paschal II 5845:Guido da Velate 5803: 5798: 5768: 5763: 5757: 5749: 5741: 5733: 5725: 5717: 5709: 5701: 5693: 5685: 5677: 5669: 5661: 5653: 5645: 5637: 5629: 5621: 5613: 5605: 5597: 5589: 5580: 5575: 5566: 5560: 5552: 5538: 5530: 5522: 5508: 5494: 5486: 5472: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5437: 5429: 5421: 5413: 5405: 5397: 5389: 5381: 5373: 5358: 5352: 5344: 5336: 5328: 5320: 5312: 5304: 5296: 5288: 5280: 5272: 5264: 5256: 5248: 5240: 5232: 5224: 5216: 5208: 5200: 5192: 5184: 5176: 5168: 5160: 5150: 5142: 5127: 5121: 5113: 5105: 5097: 5089: 5081: 5073: 5065: 5050: 5041: 5035: 5022: 5016: 4986: 4981: 4952: 4933: 4914: 4892: 4868: 4849: 4716:Frederick (III) 4547: 4538: 4506: 4497: 4493:Louis the Child 4483:Charles the Fat 4457: 4448: 4443: 4413: 4408: 4390: 4157: 4152: 4117: 4106: 4098: 4088: 4079: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4046: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4011: 3991:, ed. (1911). " 3976: 3974: 3930:Comyn, Robert. 3923:Robinson, J.H. 3864:Halm, Martina. 3847:Schutz, Herbert 3753:Holland, A. W. 3669: 3664: 3657: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3620:E. Laura Heeg. 3618: 3614: 3607: 3591: 3587: 3574: 3570: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3549: 3541: 3537: 3527: 3525: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3408: 3404: 3399: 3395: 3388: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3345: 3341: 3331: 3329: 3322: 3315: 3308: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3279: 3274: 3270: 3258: 3254: 3247: 3231: 3227: 3220: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3177: 3173: 3166: 3150: 3143: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3098: 3094: 3087: 3071: 3067: 3044: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3018: 3011: 3002: 2998: 2988: 2986: 2974: 2963: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2915: 2913: 2907: 2900: 2893: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2845: 2841: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2765: 2761: 2754: 2738: 2734: 2724: 2722: 2718: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2696: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2642: 2638: 2628: 2626: 2615: 2606: 2601: 2597: 2590: 2574: 2567: 2560: 2544: 2540: 2533: 2517: 2513: 2506: 2490: 2486: 2477: 2473: 2465: 2461: 2452: 2448: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2400: 2389: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2359: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2322: 2318: 2308: 2306: 2305:. Böhlau Verlag 2302: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2283: 2281: 2276:Jutta Schlick. 2274: 2263: 2256: 2240: 2233: 2223: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2182: 2166: 2162: 2152: 2150: 2143: 2139: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2114: 2106: 2086: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2057: 2044: 2037: 2021: 2010: 2000: 1998: 1991: 1982: 1975: 1959: 1950: 1943: 1927: 1918: 1914: 1909: 1908: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1880: 1817: 1749: 1717: 1667:) and a papal ( 1641:Worms Concordat 1636:walk to Canossa 1585:Worms Cathedral 1578: 1572: 1524:. At that time 1481: 1375: 1363:March of Istria 1285:and Gerhard as 1199:Duchy of Saxony 1183:Imperial Castle 1160: 1144:Memorialization 1129: 1123: 1110:Lateran council 1052:Carolingian era 1043:imperial abbots 993:historiographic 874:Paschal II 851: 834:Pope Paschal II 774:. An attack by 741:Henry the Black 737:Duchy of Saxony 711:Bruno von Trier 659:in the city of 634: 470: 444:Duchy of Swabia 377:Bertha of Savoy 363: 361:Imperial crisis 358: 329:Pope Paschal II 298:King of Germany 278:Bertha of Savoy 247: 244: 1110) 239: 235: 222: 217: 201: 185: 182: 103: 101:King of Germany 50: 28: 23: 22: 18:Emperor Henry V 15: 12: 11: 5: 6166: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6118:Salian dynasty 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6054: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5996:Dominium mundi 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5966: 5964: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5949: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5899:Dictatus papae 5895: 5889: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5797: 5796: 5789: 5782: 5774: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5753: 5748:Frederick III 5745: 5737: 5729: 5721: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5689: 5681: 5673: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5641: 5633: 5625: 5617: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5584: 5582: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5564: 5556: 5542: 5534: 5526: 5512: 5498: 5490: 5476: 5461: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5441: 5433: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5385: 5377: 5368: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5348: 5340: 5332: 5324: 5316: 5308: 5300: 5292: 5284: 5276: 5268: 5260: 5252: 5244: 5236: 5228: 5220: 5212: 5204: 5196: 5188: 5180: 5172: 5164: 5154: 5146: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5117: 5109: 5101: 5093: 5085: 5077: 5069: 5060: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5039: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5019:Kings of Italy 5015: 5014: 5007: 5000: 4992: 4983: 4982: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4950: 4944: 4942: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4929:Franz Joseph I 4925: 4923: 4916: 4915: 4913: 4912: 4903: 4901: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4877: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4866: 4860: 4858: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4617:Lothair II/III 4614: 4609: 4604: 4597: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4554: 4552: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4524: 4519: 4513: 4511: 4499: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4464: 4462: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4407: 4406: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4151: 4150: 4143: 4136: 4128: 4120: 4119: 4109: 4108: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4089: 4084: 4081: 4065: 4064: 4059: 4056: 4047: 4042: 4038: 4037: 4036:Regnal titles 4033: 4032: 4015:Salian dynasty 4012: 4009: 4004: 4003: 3989:Chisholm, Hugh 3972: 3962: 3952: 3935: 3928: 3921: 3906: 3891: 3876: 3869: 3862: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3815: 3810:Bryce, James. 3808: 3793: 3790:978-3799542692 3779: 3772: 3765: 3758: 3751: 3736: 3735:(PDF). Regesta 3729: 3714: 3707: 3704:978-3799501408 3692: 3677: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3662: 3655: 3635: 3612: 3605: 3585: 3568: 3559: 3547: 3545:Vol. V, p. 604 3535: 3512: 3466: 3457: 3448: 3402: 3400:Milman, p. 318 3393: 3386: 3366: 3359: 3339: 3313: 3306: 3286: 3284:Milman, p. 307 3277: 3268: 3252: 3245: 3225: 3218: 3198: 3191: 3171: 3164: 3141: 3123:AmalieFössel. 3115: 3104:. Uni Freiburg 3092: 3085: 3065: 3060:10.1086/479958 3038: 3009: 2996: 2961: 2948: 2932: 2923: 2898: 2891: 2871: 2862: 2847:Gerd Althoff. 2839: 2832: 2812: 2785: 2759: 2752: 2732: 2706: 2694: 2685: 2663: 2656: 2636: 2604: 2595: 2588: 2565: 2558: 2538: 2531: 2511: 2504: 2484: 2478:M. Kaczmarek, 2471: 2459: 2457:, 1894, p. 137 2446: 2420: 2402:Martina Halm. 2387: 2373: 2346: 2325:Herbert Schutz 2316: 2291: 2261: 2254: 2231: 2209: 2187: 2180: 2160: 2137: 2124: 2112: 2104: 2077: 2042: 2035: 2008: 1993:Gerd Althoff. 1980: 1973: 1948: 1941: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1879: 1876: 1816: 1813: 1793:libera electio 1748: 1745: 1716: 1713: 1681:spiritualities 1574:Main article: 1571: 1568: 1554:Imperial Peace 1480: 1477: 1374: 1371: 1275:court chaplain 1243:Duke of Saxony 1232:Trifels Castle 1167:Trifels Castle 1159: 1156: 1128: 1125: 1014:of Apulia and 850: 847: 655:Atrium of the 633: 630: 469: 466: 429:excommunicated 427:. Gregory VII 423:since Emperor 370:(Schwertleite) 362: 359: 357: 354: 281: 280: 275: 271: 270: 265: 261: 260: 255: 249: 248: 237: 231: 230: 228: 224: 223: 212: 210: 206: 205: 198: 194: 193: 177: 173: 172: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 134: 133: 130: 126: 125: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 97: 96: 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 73: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 52: 51: 45: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6165: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6023: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5790: 5788: 5783: 5781: 5776: 5775: 5772: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5738: 5736: 5730: 5728: 5722: 5720: 5714: 5712: 5708:Frederick II 5706: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5690: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5674: 5672: 5666: 5664: 5658: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5642: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5626: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5610: 5608: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5592: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5569: 5563: 5557: 5555: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5541: 5535: 5533: 5527: 5525: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5511: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5475: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5454: 5448: 5442: 5440: 5434: 5432: 5426: 5424: 5418: 5416: 5410: 5408: 5402: 5400: 5394: 5392: 5386: 5384: 5378: 5376: 5370: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5347: 5341: 5339: 5333: 5331: 5325: 5323: 5317: 5315: 5309: 5307: 5301: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5285: 5283: 5277: 5275: 5269: 5267: 5261: 5259: 5253: 5251: 5245: 5243: 5237: 5235: 5229: 5227: 5221: 5219: 5213: 5211: 5205: 5203: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5187: 5181: 5179: 5173: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5153: 5147: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5124: 5118: 5116: 5110: 5108: 5102: 5100: 5094: 5092: 5086: 5084: 5078: 5076: 5070: 5068: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5048: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5013: 5008: 5006: 5001: 4999: 4994: 4993: 4990: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4972:Frederick III 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4958:German Empire 4955: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4936: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4899: 4898:German Empire 4895: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4865: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4852: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4800:Ferdinand III 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4780:Maximilian II 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4760:Frederick III 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4745: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4504: 4500: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4440: 4435: 4433: 4428: 4426: 4421: 4420: 4417: 4405: 4397: 4396: 4393: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4346:Ferdinand III 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4326:Maximilian II 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4307: 4306:Frederick III 4304: 4302: 4299: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4144: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4126: 4116: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4103:King of Arles 4097: 4091: 4087: 4078: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4062: 4053: 4052: 4051:King of Italy 4045: 4039: 4034: 4029: 4022: 4017: 4016: 4007: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3984:public domain 3973: 3970: 3966: 3965:Milman, Henry 3963: 3960: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3946: 3943: 3942:J. P. Whitney 3939: 3938:Gwatkin, H.M. 3936: 3933: 3929: 3926: 3922: 3919: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3870: 3867: 3863: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3777: 3773: 3770: 3766: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3730: 3727: 3723: 3720:. C.H. Beck. 3719: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3658: 3652: 3648: 3647: 3639: 3623: 3616: 3608: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3589: 3581: 3580: 3572: 3566:Comyn, p. 184 3563: 3557:Comyn, p. 183 3554: 3552: 3544: 3539: 3523: 3516: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3470: 3464:Comyn, p. 182 3461: 3455:Bryce, p. 164 3452: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3406: 3397: 3389: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3370: 3362: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3343: 3327: 3320: 3318: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3290: 3281: 3275:Comyn, p. 179 3272: 3266: 3262: 3259:S. Hellmann, 3256: 3248: 3242: 3238: 3237: 3229: 3221: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3202: 3194: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3175: 3167: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3146: 3126: 3119: 3103: 3096: 3088: 3082: 3078: 3077: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3042: 3023: 3016: 3014: 3006: 3000: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2958: 2952: 2946:Comyn, p. 181 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2930:Comyn, p. 180 2927: 2912: 2905: 2903: 2894: 2888: 2885:. C.H. Beck. 2884: 2883: 2875: 2869:Bryce, p. 306 2866: 2850: 2843: 2835: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2816: 2800: 2796: 2789: 2770: 2767:Claudia Zey. 2763: 2755: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2736: 2717: 2714:Monika Pohl. 2710: 2704:Comyn, p. 177 2701: 2699: 2689: 2673: 2667: 2659: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2640: 2624: 2620: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2602:Comyn, p. 176 2599: 2591: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2572: 2570: 2561: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2542: 2534: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2515: 2507: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2488: 2481: 2475: 2468: 2463: 2456: 2450: 2431: 2424: 2405: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2376: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2320: 2301: 2295: 2279: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2257: 2251: 2247: 2246: 2238: 2236: 2219: 2213: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2177: 2173: 2172: 2164: 2148: 2141: 2134: 2128: 2119: 2117: 2107: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2084: 2082: 2062: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2038: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1996: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1976: 1970: 1967:. C.H. Beck. 1966: 1965: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1944: 1938: 1935:. Routledge. 1934: 1933: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1916: 1900: 1896: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1788: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1753: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733:Low Countries 1730: 1726: 1722: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1701:royal regalia 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677:temporalities 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1655: 1651: 1645: 1642: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1567: 1565: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1504: 1503: 1499:Route of the 1497: 1490: 1485: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1357:and Hermann, 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1334: 1330: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1155: 1153: 1147: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1106:Reform Church 1103: 1099: 1096: 1090: 1088: 1082: 1080: 1071: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1000: 996: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 964: 962: 961: 956: 952: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 928: 923: 919: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 895: 889: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 863: 859: 855: 846: 844: 840: 835: 830: 827: 823: 819: 814: 812: 808: 803: 801: 795: 793: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 770:on behalf of 769: 765: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 725: 723: 719: 716: 712: 707: 703: 701: 695: 690: 682: 678: 674: 669: 662: 658: 653: 646: 642: 638: 629: 627: 623: 618: 616: 613:reference to 611: 605: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 534: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 510: 508: 504: 499: 496: 491: 488: 484: 474: 465: 462: 458: 453: 449: 445: 441: 436: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 396: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 373: 371: 368: 353: 351: 347: 343: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 313: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 279: 276: 272: 269: 266: 262: 259: 256: 254: 250: 234: 229: 225: 220: 215: 211: 207: 204: 199: 195: 192: 188: 178: 174: 170: 167: 164: 160: 157: 154: 150: 146: 142: 139: 138:King of Italy 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 102: 98: 95: 92: 88: 85: 82: 78: 75:13 April 1111 74: 72: 68: 64: 60: 57: 53: 49: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6098:1080s births 6049: 6017:Papal States 5994: 5947:Sack of Rome 5924: 5897: 5859: 5684:Frederick I 5659: 5551:Berengar II 5544: 5514: 5500: 5478: 5464: 5456:Non-dynastic 5428:Charles III 5372:Charlemagne 5364:Carolingians 5157: 5027:Non-dynastic 4805:Ferdinand IV 4795:Ferdinand II 4765:Maximilian I 4742: 4725: 4683: 4668:Henry (VIII) 4666: 4652:Frederick II 4611: 4607:Conrad (III) 4599: 4592: 4526: 4503:East Francia 4454:East Francia 4341:Ferdinand II 4311:Maximilian I 4281:Frederick II 4255: 4112: 4101: 4068: 4049: 4027: 4020: 4013: 3996: 3968: 3958: 3944: 3931: 3924: 3909: 3897:de Gruyter. 3894: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3850: 3840: 3833: 3818: 3811: 3796: 3782: 3775: 3768: 3761: 3754: 3739: 3732: 3717: 3710: 3695: 3680: 3673: 3645: 3638: 3626:. 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Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor

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