517:, Jehu Malacara travels with a Protestant preacher, Iman, spreading their word and selling the bible around the community. Iman is less literate in the Spanish language, with Hinojosa displaying it with Iman's inability to conjugate verbs in Spanish correctly, as well as his troubles with gender agreement. This illiteracy does not translate well in English, with Hinojosa instead compromising by letting Iman speak in rather unusual alliterations as well as a general odd manner of speaking to keep the same message that Iman speaks in an unusual way.
44:
492:
in 1973 and the
English rendition was not published until 1983, almost a decade later. Much has been noted about the differences between the English and Spanish versions of the series, such as the rearrangements in chapters, added content to the English version with a picture included, and changes in
381:
of Texas through this generational narrative. The series uses multiple styles, such as poems, journal entries, epistles, and sketches to talk about multiple subjects such as the
Mexican-American experience in Texas, including daily life, corruption, politics, marriage, academia, and war. Collectively
497:
includes both the
Spanish and English version, where such chapter rearrangements are more obvious. Observations from this book is that after the chapter "Bruno Cano: Lock, Stock, and BBL", the section switches from focusing on Jehu Malacara to Rafe Buenrostro. In the Spanish original version, there
395:
Hinojosa uses his own life experiences growing up on the frontier border to write his books. For example, the
Mexican-American author has stated that although the Mexican Revolution ended in 1920, there were still skirmishes from both sides of the forces until 1934 with the election of President
520:
Hinojosa himself has noted the differences between the
English and Spanish versions of his series, noting that he sees his translations as more so "renditions", giving him the freedom to edit his content to better suit the community that he is aiming between English-Spanish speakers and
426:'s comment on the underestimation of Chinese fighters in the Korean War, who proclaims that the many Chinese groups that live in Korea are akin to Mexicans living in Texas, implying that the general views Mexican-Americans as Mexican and thus not as actual Americans. Rafe writes
529:
Hinojosa's first marriage was to Lilia Saenz, with whom he had one child (Bob
Huddleston). They eventually divorced. He subsequently married Patricia Sorensen. Together, they had two children: Clarissa and Karen. They remained married until her death in 1999.
382:
however, the series uses realism, satire, humor and irony, with most of his books consisting of short stories or narratives from the people of the Valley. These stories can focus on the same issue, such as the titular character's divorce in
309:
and linguist Marcos MorĂnigo. After having multiple conversations with the duo, the author decided to focus on the
Mexican-American experience, specifically from the Texas border area. Hinojosa states that one of his first audiences was
1512:
386:
where the people of her community discuss her impending divorce and discusses statuses such as economic, gender, and social. They can also be a loose connection of short stories around Klail City, such as
Hinojosa's first book
414:
specifically under the chapter "Otra Vez La Muerte", Hinojosa writes about a man's experience in the war in the style of journal entries that the character wrote in while stationed in
Papantla, Veracruz in the spring of 1920.
960:
2636:
391:
Although he preferred to write in
Spanish, Hinojosa also translated his own books and wrote others in English. He ultimately authored approximately 20 fiction and non-fiction books throughout his career.
191:
housewife and teacher. The author grew up with Spanish as his native language, however he became proficient through Mexican immigrants, who came in exile to Mercedes after the revolution, that created "
2463:
422:
as means of expressing his frustrations with his own country. Under the chapter "The Eighth Army at Chongchon", Rafe (the character writing the poems about the war), makes a reference to the General
521:
Spanish-English speakers. He also states that he rarely translates his English books into Spanish, as he has noted that the Mexican-American community is more proficient in English than in Spanish.
255:
seven years later. Like his grandmother, mother and three of his four siblings, he became a teacher; he held several academic posts and was also active in administration and consulting work.
235:
Rolando Smith graduated from University of Texas at Austin in 1953. After working as a high school teacher, chemical-plant laborer, and civil servant during the ensuing decade, he undertook
437:
New and changing experiences of the author's life is reflected in his novels. The rise of cartel violence at the border influenced Hinojosa to write two police work novels in
1838:
488:
Rolando Hinojosa's series is written in both Spanish and English. However, the author originally wrote the series in Spanish as it is his native language, as he first wrote
480:
in 2014. In presenting him with the award, the organization described him as "the dean of Chicano authors" and "a mentor and inspiration to several generations of writers".
1565:
952:
400:. Inspired by these conflicts as well as the stories his father would tell him, The Mexican Revolution was a prominent topic in his early of books of KCDTS, notably
2760:
493:
dialogue to accommodate between the two cultures such as proverbs and slang that are meant to fit in better with their respective cultures. The 2014 reprint of
498:
are a couple of more stories such as "Don Javier" and "Emilio Taves", with the section on Rafe Buenrostro not coming until the very last section of the book.
2589:
2400:
305:, the Mexican-American author claims that the English writer taught him how to read from the perspective of a writer. Hinojosa also drew inspiration from
901:
2805:
2800:
159:(January 21, 1929 â April 19, 2022) was an American novelist, essayist, poet and the Ellen Clayton Garwood professor in the English Department at the
2770:
1831:
1143:
From Klail City to Korea with love : two master works : Korean love songs, from Klail City death trip : Rites and witnesses, a comedy
2666:
1932:
206:, that would release content semi-weekly, as one of the reasons he became proficient in the language. Hinojosa would learn English in junior high.
2775:
2765:
2750:
2498:
1361:
1175:
2755:
2542:
2735:
1824:
1115:
1747:
434:
Thus, Rafe, and therefore Hinojosa, seems to be irritated that they risk death for a country that sees them as internationals regardless.
2785:
2780:
2684:
2494:
2490:
2820:
2810:
2131:
998:
2815:
2725:
2720:
2113:
2086:
2594:
2020:
557:
473:
252:
124:
1715:
920:
337:
mirrors this with his own fictional county that takes place in the American-Texas border instead of Faulker's Mississippi area.
2740:
2715:
2483:
2119:
350:
43:
1427:
2651:
2584:
1460:"Acerca del fenĂłmeno de la autotraducciĂłn en la obra de Rolando Hinojosa | HermÄneus. Revista de TraducciĂłn e InterpretaciĂłn"
1337:
1223:
1151:
1569:
2795:
2661:
639:"Crossing the Line: The Construction of a Poem." Milwaukee, WI: Spanish Speaking Outreach Institute-U. of Wisconsin, 1981.
322:
to Rivera, Rivera forwarded it to Quinto Sol Publications. The publishing company offered Hinojosa a contract thereafter.
2407:
2255:
195:", or little schools, as means of teaching people how to formally read and write in Spanish. Hinojosa also acknowledges
2502:
2376:
2091:
561:
477:
291:. Of these, the author has claimed that Böll was one of his favorite authors, with his favorite piece from Böll being
2563:
2516:
1513:"AMERICANA: ""Writing is hard, and it calls for honesty." An interview with Rolando Hinojosa-Smith" by GĂĄbor Tillman"
1488:
1299:
930:
870:
852:
839:
826:
813:
800:
787:
772:
759:
740:
727:
714:
689:
676:
663:
650:
634:
621:
604:
581:
2730:
2646:
2435:
878:
17:
1591:
2414:
2158:
240:
120:
453:
2790:
2656:
2609:
2065:
1805:
358:
218:
180:
160:
116:
2361:
267:
2030:
2549:
2045:
293:
2745:
1937:
1247:
1083:
346:
2641:
2250:
1543:
1995:
2577:
2245:
1957:
2035:
1990:
288:
2331:
378:
354:
197:
418:
Hinojosa has derived some of his literature from his time serving in the Korea. The author uses
2556:
2180:
2142:
2125:
613:
236:
2631:
2626:
2535:
2449:
2386:
2366:
2235:
2096:
1444:
Cyrus R.K. Patell, "Emergent Ethnic Literatures: Native American, Hispanic, Asian American,"
329:, who is prominently known for his novels and short stories that take place in the fictional
2710:
2705:
2569:
2442:
2190:
2137:
2055:
2050:
1962:
1942:
397:
330:
248:
128:
2428:
8:
2523:
2265:
2060:
2040:
1801:
1459:
302:
1218:. Ilan Stavans, Edna Acosta-Belén (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co. 2011.
2529:
2393:
2356:
2200:
2015:
2010:
1922:
1891:
1881:
1638:
1404:
1355:
1241:
1189:
1169:
1057:
306:
244:
210:
184:
1816:
1790:
225:, where he would find inspiration for many of his literature works on the war such as
2456:
1952:
1947:
1851:
1642:
1494:
1484:
1408:
1396:
1343:
1333:
1305:
1295:
1229:
1219:
1157:
1147:
1049:
926:
866:
848:
835:
822:
809:
796:
783:
768:
755:
736:
723:
710:
685:
672:
659:
646:
630:
617:
600:
577:
538:
465:
280:
85:
2185:
1538:
2679:
2290:
2280:
2270:
2260:
2147:
2005:
1977:
1871:
1755:
1630:
1388:
1091:
1041:
362:
326:
314:, another prominent Chicano author who had already published his well known work,
284:
2107:
1967:
1927:
1917:
1691:
1674:
1657:
534:
176:
68:
1566:"Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013"
879:
https://faculty.ucmerced.edu/mmartin-rodriguez/index_files/vhHinojosaRolando.htm
590:
311:
2336:
2210:
2195:
264:
188:
1811:
1618:
1161:
2699:
2421:
2346:
2326:
2230:
2205:
1400:
1392:
1347:
1262:
1233:
1053:
445:
which discuss betrayal, corruption, and violence at the border.
423:
276:
1498:
1309:
953:"Acclaimed Austin author and professor Rolando Hinojosa-Smith, 93, has died"
430:
nd many of us there/ were reminded who we were/ thousands of miles from home
2351:
2305:
2295:
2220:
2215:
1759:
1741:
Rolando Hinojosa's Klail Death Trip Series: A Retrospective, New Directions
1376:
1141:
902:"Texas Classics: 'This Writer's Sense of Place,' by Rolando Hinojosa-Smith"
365:
until he retired in 2016. He devoted most of his career as a writer to his
1634:
1327:
1213:
2225:
2152:
2101:
1478:
1289:
1263:"Acclaimed University of Texas writer to open reading series at Illinois"
554:
Alumni Achievement Award, given by the Illinois Alumni Association (1998)
214:
203:
1659:
Estampas del Valle y otras obras: Sketches of the Valley and Other Works
1061:
1029:
2509:
2000:
1377:"The Borderlands of the Korean War and the Fiction of Rolando Hinojosa"
222:
2310:
2285:
1045:
2081:
1985:
2341:
2240:
1896:
1095:
542:
361:
in 1981, teaching there as the Ellen Clayton Garwood professor of
298:
a story that narrates with recounts by characters and flashbacks.
2300:
1886:
1876:
1866:
1847:
449:
179:, on January 21, 1929. His father, Manuel Guzman Hinojosa, was a
2275:
1568:. National Book Critics Circle. January 14, 2014. Archived from
1084:"At Home in the Borderlands: An Interview with Rolando Hinojosa"
213:
where he was sent to the Office of Information and Education at
2602:
2164:
1901:
1733:
Rolando Hinojosa y su "cronicĂłn" chicano: Una novela del lector
1592:"Renowned Author Headlines Latin American Conference April 8â9"
1428:"Voice of the Valley: An Interview with Rolando Hinojosa-Smith"
1116:"Award-winning Latino author Rolando Hinojosa-Smith dies at 93"
999:"Rolando Hinojosa-Smith, 'dean of Chicano authors,' dies at 93"
1446:
A Concise Companion to Postwar American Literature and Culture
217:, Virginia. After completion of his training, he attended the
1483:(1st ed.). Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
1458:
Matelo, Gabriel O.; Spoturno, MarĂa Laura (January 6, 2024).
1208:
1206:
464:), part of the series. He also received the third and final
2025:
1730:
377:(2006). He completely populated a fictional county in the
301:
Although Hinojosa was already writing by the time he read
1203:
1739:
Miller, Stephen and José Pablo Villalobos, eds. (2013).
1422:
1420:
1418:
1846:
1748:"Crime and Community in the Rafe Buenrostro Mysteries"
1415:
1023:
1021:
1019:
247:
from that institution in 1962 before being awarded a
227:
Korean Love Songs (1978), Rites and Witnesses (1989),
1765:
1712:
Art at Our Doorstep: San Antonio Writers and Artists
501:
Another example is seen in the sequel to the books,
318:After Hinojosa sent a chapter of what would become
1016:
896:
894:
167:series of 15 novels written over several decades.
1464:HermÄneus. Revista de TraducciĂłn e InterpretaciĂłn
919:MartĂnez, Julio A.; LomelĂ, Francisco A. (1985).
2697:
2667:List of Mexican-American political organizations
1321:
1319:
1135:
1133:
891:
2761:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
1779:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
1726:. Denton, TX: University of North Texas Press.
1457:
1027:
918:
767:. O.B.E.M.A., Nr. 6, OsnabrĂŒck, Germany, 1991
48:Hinojosa-Smith at the 2014 Texas Book Festival
1832:
1536:
1316:
221:before returning to the army to serve in the
1130:
349:, and later moved to larger institutions in
2685:Category:American people of Mexican descent
175:Hinojosa was born Romeo Daniel Hinojosa in
170:
1839:
1825:
1710:Nan Cuba and Riley Robinson (eds.) (2008).
1360:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1174:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
42:
2806:21st-century American non-fiction writers
2801:20th-century American non-fiction writers
1735:. Sevilla, Spain: Universidad de Sevilla.
1269:. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
1215:The Norton anthology of Latino literature
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
369:Series, which comprises 15 volumes, from
325:Hinojosa-Smith has also been inspired by
187:; his mother, Carrie Effie Smith, was an
2771:American academics of English literature
1812:Index of characters in Hinojosa's novels
1689:
1672:
1655:
1480:Rolando Hinojosa : a reader's guide
1325:
1287:
1139:
1109:
1107:
1105:
946:
944:
942:
748:. La Habana: Casa de las Américas, 1976.
483:
27:American writer and academic (1929â2022)
2637:U.S. communities with Hispanic majority
2021:Mission Cultural Center for Latino Arts
1724:Rolando Hinojosa and the American Dream
558:Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award
533:Hinojosa died on April 19, 2022, at an
474:Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award
275:in his early seventies, in addition to
253:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
150:Premio Casa de las Américas; Quinto Sol
125:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
14:
2776:Hispanic and Latino American novelists
2766:New Mexico Highlands University alumni
2698:
1774:
1721:
1616:
1476:
1260:
1113:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
975:
950:
821:. Houston, Texas: Arte PĂșblico, 1987.
808:. Houston, Texas: Arte PĂșblico, 1982.
795:. Houston, Texas: Arte PĂșblico, 1985.
782:. Houston, Texas: Arte PĂșblico, 1981.
722:. Houston, Texas: Arte PĂșblico, 1987.
703:. San Francisco: Casa Editorial, 1978.
645:. Houston, Texas: Arte PĂșblico, 1985.
599:. Houston, Texas: Arte PĂșblico, 1990.
209:At the age of 17, Hinojosa joined the
2751:University of Texas at Austin faculty
2652:List of Hispanic and Latino Americans
1820:
1802:Rolando Hinojosa-Smith's faculty page
1294:. Houston, Tex.: Arte PĂșblico Press.
1102:
996:
939:
922:Chicano Literature: A Reference Guide
865:. Houston: Arte PĂșblico Press, 2006.
765:Korea Liebes Lieder/Korean Love Songs
735:. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1981.
658:. Houston: Arte PĂșblico Press, 2005.
316:...y no se lo tragĂł la tierra (1971).
2756:University of Texas at Austin alumni
2662:List of Mexican-American communities
2087:1985â1987 Watsonville Cannery strike
1731:MartĂn-RodrĂguez, Manuel M. (1993).
1332:. NicolĂĄs Kanellos. Houston, Texas.
1081:
548:
2736:American writers of Mexican descent
2464:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
2408:Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co.
1598:. Baylor University. March 24, 1999
1375:Kim, Daniel Y. (November 1, 2015).
1374:
1068:
963:from the original on April 24, 2022
503:Klail City y sus alrededores (1976)
402:Estampas del Valle (1973) and Klail
24:
2786:21st-century American male writers
2781:20th-century American male writers
1777:Rolando Hinojosa: A Reader's Guide
1766:SaldĂvar, JosĂ© David, ed. (1984).
1714:featuring Rolando Hinojosa-Smith.
1704:
1537:Kirsten Reach (January 14, 2014).
1114:Gamboa, Suzanne (April 20, 2022).
997:Smith, Harrison (April 23, 2022).
951:Barnes, Michael (April 22, 2022).
847:. Ypsilanti, MI: Bilingual, 1983.
562:National Book Critics Circle Award
478:National Book Critics Circle Award
468:Annual Prize (1972), for his work
452:author to receive the prestigious
25:
2832:
2821:American Spanish-language writers
2811:American male non-fiction writers
1784:
1261:Rhodes, Dusty (August 30, 2011).
754:. Berkeley, Calif.: Justa, 1978.
163:. He was noted for authoring the
2256:Mexican-American women's fashion
1448:, ed. Josephine G. Hendin, p.367
1030:"Always Writing: A Chicano Life"
1028:Hinojosa-smith, Rolando (2001).
695:Estampas del Valle y otras obras
682:Estampas del Valle y otras obras
627:El condado de Belken: Klail City
524:
470:Estampas del Valle y otras obras
389:Estampas de Valle y otras obras.
371:Estampas del Valle y otras obras
2816:American Spanish-language poets
2726:21st-century American novelists
2721:20th-century American novelists
2401:San Antonio I.S.D. v. Rodriguez
1792:Encyclopedia of World Biography
1683:
1666:
1649:
1617:Ortega, A. J. (MayâJune 2012).
1610:
1584:
1558:
1530:
1505:
1470:
1466:(in European Spanish): 209â232.
1451:
1438:
1368:
1329:The valley = estampas del valle
1281:
1254:
855:(Hinojosa's own translation of
834:. Houston: Arte PĂșblico, 1993.
709:. 1977. Berkeley: Justa, 1979.
576:. Houston: Arte PĂșblico. 1998.
541:. He was 93, and suffered from
241:New Mexico Highlands University
121:New Mexico Highlands University
1770:. Houston: Arte PĂșblico Press.
1743:. Houston: Arte PĂșblico Press.
1182:
912:
684:. Berkeley: Quinto Sol, 1973.
495:Estampas del Valle/ The Valley
320:Por esas cosas que pasa (1972)
263:Hinojosa would regularly read
13:
1:
2741:Deaths from dementia in Texas
2716:Military personnel from Texas
2066:Occupation of Catalina Island
2041:Farm workers' rights campaign
1808:Department of English website
1806:University of Texas at Austin
1752:CLUES: A Journal of Detection
1676:Generaciones, notas y brechas
884:
701:Generaciones, notas y brechas
472:. He was later conferred the
384:Becky and Her Friends (1980),
359:University of Texas at Austin
258:
219:University of Texas at Austin
202:a Spanish newspaper based in
183:sheriff and a veteran of the
161:University of Texas at Austin
117:University of Texas at Austin
1693:Klail City y sus alrededores
746:Klail City y sus alrededores
515:Klail City y sus alrededores
458:Klail City y sus alrededores
335:Klail City Death Trap Series
231:The Useless Servants (1993).
157:Romeo Rolando Hinojosa-Smith
7:
2796:People from Mercedes, Texas
1768:The Rolando Hinojosa Reader
454:Premio Casa de las Américas
294:Billiards at Half-Past Nine
10:
2837:
1754:24.3 (Spring 2006): 7â14.
1722:Glover, Joyce Lee (1997).
1690:Hinojosa, Rolando (1976).
1673:Hinojosa, Rolando (1978).
1656:Hinojosa, Rolando (1977).
1596:Media and Public Relations
1539:"NBCC finalists announced"
1326:Hinojosa, Rolando (2014).
1288:Hinojosa, Rolando (1990).
1140:Hinojosa, Rolando (2017).
671:. Tempe: Bilingual, 1994.
629:. Tempe: Bilingual, 1994.
412:Estampas del Valle (1973),
2675:
2619:
2473:
2375:
2319:
2251:Mexican-American folklore
2173:
2074:
2031:Plan Espiritual de AztlĂĄn
1976:
1910:
1859:
1544:Melville House Publishing
957:Austin American-Statesman
707:Generaciones y semblanzas
656:Dear Rafe/Mi querido Rafa
345:Hinojosa first taught at
340:
146:
135:
112:
92:
75:
53:
41:
34:
2246:Mexican-American cuisine
1716:Trinity University Press
1393:10.1215/10679847-3148373
1381:Positions: Asia Critique
1190:"Rolando Hinojosa-Smith"
1088:American Studies Journal
697:. Berkeley: Justa, 1977.
610:Claros varones de Belken
567:
439:Partners in Crime (1985)
420:Korean Love Songs (1978)
351:Texas A&I University
171:Early life and education
2731:American male novelists
2436:Flores-Figueroa v. U.S.
2332:Coyolxauhqui imperative
1797:(subscription required)
1746:Pollock, Mary Sanders.
1696:. Casa de las Américas.
925:. Bloomsbury Academic.
733:Klail City und Umgebung
448:Hinojosa was the first
443:Ask a Policeman (1998),
398:LĂĄzaro CĂĄrdenas del RĂo
379:lower Rio Grande Valley
355:University of Minnesota
198:La Prensa (San Antonio)
2415:U.S. v. Brignoni-Ponce
2181:Anti-Mexican sentiment
2143:Killing of Adam Toledo
2126:Great American Boycott
1996:Centro de Arte PĂșblico
1775:Zilles, Klaus (2001).
1760:10.3200/CLUS.24.3.7-14
1477:Zilles, Klaus (2001).
1246:: CS1 maint: others (
1034:World Literature Today
405:City y sus alrededores
36:Rolando Hinojosa-Smith
2450:Mendez v. Westminster
2387:Botiller v. Dominguez
2367:Youth control complex
2236:Estrada Courts murals
2097:2019 El Paso shooting
2075:Post-Chicano Movement
2036:Plan de Santa BĂĄrbara
1991:CatĂłlicos por La Raza
1635:10.1353/abr.2012.0107
1291:Becky and her friends
597:Becky and her Friends
484:Bilingualism in KCDTS
367:Klail City Death Trip
357:. He then joined the
333:. Rolando Hinojosa's
289:Miguel Ăngel Asturias
165:Klail City Death Trip
140:Klail City Death Trip
57:Romeo Daniel Hinojosa
2791:Novelists from Texas
2443:Leal Garcia v. Texas
2138:Justice for Janitors
2056:Los Siete de la Raza
2051:Colegio CĂ©sar ChĂĄvez
1943:Mexican Repatriation
1911:Pre-Chicano Movement
1623:American Book Review
1517:americanaejournal.hu
1082:Raab, Josef (2012).
832:The Useless Servants
545:prior to his death.
331:Yoknapatawpha County
249:Doctor of Philosophy
237:postgraduate studies
2266:New Mexican cuisine
2092:1992 Drywall Strike
2061:Los Seis de Boulder
2046:Land grant struggle
1963:Sleepy Lagoon trial
1794:on Rolando Hinojosa
1572:on January 15, 2014
1003:The Washington Post
877:Works and editions
806:Rites and Witnesses
587:Los amigos de Becky
2474:By city and region
2394:Hernandez v. Texas
2357:Spiritual activism
2201:Chicano literature
2016:Chicano Moratorium
1923:Bisbee Deportation
1662:. Editorial Justa.
1146:. Houston, Texas.
857:Estampas del Valle
819:This Migrant Earth
669:Estampas del Valle
589:. Houston, Texas:
490:Estampas del Valle
347:Trinity University
211:United States Army
204:San Antonio, Texas
185:Mexican Revolution
2746:Exophonic writers
2693:
2692:
2642:Mexican Americans
2590:DallasâFort Worth
2457:Bernal v. Fainter
2429:MedellĂn v. Texas
1958:Porvenir Massacre
1953:Plan de San Diego
1948:Operation Wetback
1679:. Casa Editorial.
1339:978-1-61192-859-4
1225:978-0-393-08007-0
1153:978-1-5185-0117-3
793:Partners in Crime
752:Korean Love Songs
549:Awards and honors
539:Cedar Park, Texas
507:Klail City (1987)
466:Premio Quinto Sol
281:Alexander Pushkin
181:Hispanic American
154:
153:
142:Series (15 vols.)
86:Cedar Park, Texas
16:(Redirected from
2828:
2680:Category:Chicano
2610:Salt Lake Valley
2320:Chicana/o Theory
2291:Teatro Campesino
2281:Regional Mexican
2271:New Mexico music
2261:Mexican muralism
2148:Murder of Selena
2011:Chicano Blowouts
2006:Chicana feminism
1978:Chicano Movement
1872:Mexican American
1852:Mexican American
1841:
1834:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1798:
1780:
1771:
1736:
1727:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1614:
1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1455:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1432:Humanities Texas
1424:
1413:
1412:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1351:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1245:
1237:
1210:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1165:
1137:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1111:
1100:
1099:
1079:
1066:
1065:
1046:10.2307/40156750
1025:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
994:
973:
972:
970:
968:
948:
937:
936:
916:
910:
909:
898:
612:. Tempe, Ariz.:
424:Walton H. Walker
363:creative writing
327:William Faulkner
303:Somerset Maugham
265:Anthony Powell's
82:
66:January 21, 1929
65:
63:
46:
32:
31:
21:
18:Rolando Hinojosa
2836:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2696:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2671:
2615:
2469:
2371:
2315:
2301:Tex-Mex cuisine
2169:
2159:Proposition 187
2108:Arizona SB 1070
2070:
1972:
1968:Zoot Suit Riots
1928:Bracero program
1918:1917 Bath riots
1906:
1855:
1845:
1796:
1787:
1707:
1705:Further reading
1702:
1701:
1688:
1684:
1671:
1667:
1654:
1650:
1619:"Echoing Words"
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1535:
1531:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1491:
1475:
1471:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1426:
1425:
1416:
1373:
1369:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1324:
1317:
1302:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1259:
1255:
1239:
1238:
1226:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1138:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1080:
1069:
1026:
1017:
1007:
1005:
995:
976:
966:
964:
949:
940:
933:
917:
913:
900:
899:
892:
887:
780:Mi querido Rafa
574:Ask a Policeman
570:
560:, given by the
551:
535:assisted living
527:
505:in Spanish and
486:
343:
261:
245:master's degree
177:Mercedes, Texas
173:
123:
119:
108:
84:
80:
69:Mercedes, Texas
67:
61:
59:
58:
49:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2834:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2592:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2567:
2560:
2557:Nuevomexicanos
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2382:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2337:Gringo justice
2334:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2211:Chicano poetry
2208:
2203:
2198:
2196:Chicano cinema
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2123:
2116:
2111:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1786:
1785:External links
1783:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1682:
1665:
1648:
1609:
1583:
1557:
1529:
1504:
1489:
1469:
1450:
1437:
1414:
1387:(4): 665â694.
1367:
1338:
1315:
1300:
1280:
1253:
1224:
1202:
1181:
1152:
1129:
1101:
1096:10.18422/57-07
1067:
1040:(3/4): 64â71.
1015:
974:
938:
931:
911:
908:. August 2014.
889:
888:
886:
883:
882:
881:
874:
873:
860:
842:
829:
816:
803:
790:
777:
776:
775:
749:
743:
730:
717:
704:
698:
692:
679:
666:
653:
640:
637:
624:
607:
594:
584:
569:
566:
565:
564:
555:
550:
547:
526:
523:
485:
482:
342:
339:
269:A Dance to the
260:
257:
243:, obtaining a
193:las escuelitas
189:Anglo-American
172:
169:
152:
151:
148:
147:Notable awards
144:
143:
137:
133:
132:
114:
110:
109:
107:
106:
103:
100:
96:
94:
90:
89:
83:(aged 93)
79:April 19, 2022
77:
73:
72:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2833:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Chicano poets
2630:
2628:
2627:Chicano films
2625:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:Pennsylvania
2573:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2564:New York City
2561:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2499:San Francisco
2496:
2492:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2422:Plyler v. Doe
2419:
2417:
2416:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:Supreme Court
2374:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:New tribalism
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Barrioization
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2231:Cinco de Mayo
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2206:Chicano names
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1533:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1490:0-8263-2275-1
1486:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1441:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1363:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1301:1-55885-006-6
1297:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1268:
1264:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1191:
1185:
1177:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1136:
1134:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1004:
1000:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
962:
958:
954:
947:
945:
943:
934:
932:9780313236914
928:
924:
923:
915:
907:
903:
897:
895:
890:
880:
876:
875:
872:
871:9781558853584
868:
864:
861:
858:
854:
853:9780916950385
850:
846:
843:
841:
840:9781558850682
837:
833:
830:
828:
827:9780934770552
824:
820:
817:
815:
814:9780934770194
811:
807:
804:
802:
801:9780934770378
798:
794:
791:
789:
788:9780934770101
785:
781:
778:
774:
773:9783925713101
770:
766:
763:
762:
761:
760:9780915808311
757:
753:
750:
747:
744:
742:
741:9783518372098
738:
734:
731:
729:
728:9780934770545
725:
721:
718:
716:
715:9780915808137
712:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
691:
690:9780884120605
687:
683:
680:
678:
677:9780927534246
674:
670:
667:
665:
664:9781611921106
661:
657:
654:
652:
651:9780934770385
648:
644:
641:
638:
636:
635:9780927534338
632:
628:
625:
623:
622:9780916950644
619:
615:
611:
608:
606:
605:9781558850064
602:
598:
595:
592:
588:
585:
583:
582:9781558852266
579:
575:
572:
571:
563:
559:
556:
553:
552:
546:
544:
540:
536:
531:
525:Personal life
522:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
496:
491:
481:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
413:
409:
406:
403:
399:
393:
390:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
338:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
308:
304:
299:
297:
295:
290:
286:
285:Heinrich Böll
282:
278:
277:Marcel Proust
274:
273:
272:Music of Time
270:
266:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
207:
205:
201:
199:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
168:
166:
162:
158:
149:
145:
141:
138:
136:Notable works
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
104:
101:
98:
97:
95:
91:
87:
78:
74:
70:
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2657:Bibliography
2578:Philadelphia
2555:New Mexico (
2508:California (
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2352:Rasquachismo
2306:Tortilla art
2296:Tejano music
2221:Chicano rock
2216:Chicano Park
2157:
2130:
2118:
2106:
1791:
1776:
1767:
1751:
1740:
1732:
1723:
1711:
1692:
1685:
1675:
1668:
1658:
1651:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1595:
1586:
1574:. Retrieved
1570:the original
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1542:
1532:
1520:. Retrieved
1516:
1507:
1479:
1472:
1463:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1434:. June 2014.
1431:
1384:
1380:
1370:
1328:
1290:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1266:
1256:
1214:
1193:. Retrieved
1184:
1142:
1120:. Retrieved
1087:
1037:
1033:
1006:. Retrieved
1002:
965:. Retrieved
956:
921:
914:
905:
863:We Happy Few
862:
856:
844:
831:
818:
805:
792:
779:
764:
751:
745:
732:
719:
706:
700:
694:
681:
668:
655:
642:
626:
609:
596:
591:Arte PĂșblico
586:
573:
537:facility in
532:
528:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
500:
494:
489:
487:
469:
461:
457:
447:
442:
438:
436:
431:
427:
419:
417:
411:
407:
404:
401:
394:
388:
383:
375:We Happy Few
374:
370:
366:
344:
334:
324:
319:
315:
312:TomĂĄs Rivera
300:
292:
271:
268:
262:
234:
230:
226:
208:
196:
192:
174:
164:
156:
155:
139:
81:(2022-04-19)
29:
2711:2022 deaths
2706:1929 births
2510:Californios
2495:Los Angeles
2226:Chicano rap
2191:Chicano art
2153:Party crews
2114:Castro 2020
2102:Abolish ICE
1576:January 14,
1550:January 14,
1267:News Bureau
906:Dallas News
215:Fort Eustis
2700:Categories
2562:New York (
2548:Nebraska (
2541:Michigan (
2534:Maryland (
2522:Illinois (
2515:Colorado (
2491:California
2001:Chicanismo
1938:La Matanza
1933:Korean War
1162:1001338189
1118:. NBC News
885:References
845:The Valley
720:Klail City
509:in English
462:Klail City
456:award for
373:(1973) to
259:Influences
223:Korean War
93:Occupation
62:1929-01-21
2536:Baltimore
2503:San Diego
2362:VergĂŒenza
2311:Zoot suit
2286:Skull art
1643:201797255
1629:(4): 16.
1602:April 24,
1409:146390761
1401:1067-9847
1356:cite book
1348:902674693
1273:April 26,
1242:cite book
1234:607322888
1170:cite book
1122:April 24,
1054:0196-3570
1008:April 24,
967:April 24,
643:Dear Rafe
614:Bilingual
307:Luis Leal
251:from the
113:Education
105:professor
2570:Oklahoma
2480:Arizona
2342:Nepantla
2241:Lowrider
1897:Blaxican
1499:46822237
1310:20016601
1062:40156750
961:Archived
616:, 1986.
543:dementia
353:and the
99:Novelist
2647:Writers
2603:Tejanos
2601:Texas (
2595:Houston
2543:Detroit
2524:Chicago
2174:Culture
1887:Pachuco
1877:La Raza
1867:Chicano
1848:Chicano
1804:on the
1195:May 30,
593:, 1991.
476:by the
450:Chicano
2608:Utah (
2530:Kansas
2517:Denver
2484:Tucson
2165:Xicanx
2082:AztlĂĄn
1986:AztlĂĄn
1902:Xicanx
1854:topics
1641:
1522:May 6,
1497:
1487:
1407:
1399:
1346:
1336:
1308:
1298:
1232:
1222:
1160:
1150:
1090:(57).
1060:
1052:
929:
869:
851:
838:
825:
812:
799:
786:
771:
758:
739:
726:
713:
688:
675:
662:
649:
633:
620:
603:
580:
410:). In
341:Career
287:, and
88:, U.S.
71:, U.S.
2620:Lists
2585:Texas
2550:Omaha
2379:cases
1892:Pinto
1882:Cholo
1860:Terms
1639:S2CID
1405:S2CID
1058:JSTOR
568:Works
408:(1976
2276:Paño
2186:CalĂł
2132:IRCA
2120:DACA
2026:PCUN
1850:and
1604:2022
1578:2014
1552:2014
1524:2022
1495:OCLC
1485:ISBN
1397:ISSN
1362:link
1344:OCLC
1334:ISBN
1306:OCLC
1296:ISBN
1275:2022
1248:link
1230:OCLC
1220:ISBN
1197:2017
1176:link
1158:OCLC
1148:ISBN
1124:2022
1050:ISSN
1010:2022
969:2022
927:ISBN
867:ISBN
849:ISBN
836:ISBN
823:ISBN
810:ISBN
797:ISBN
784:ISBN
769:ISBN
756:ISBN
737:ISBN
724:ISBN
711:ISBN
686:ISBN
673:ISBN
660:ISBN
647:ISBN
631:ISBN
618:ISBN
601:ISBN
578:ISBN
441:and
229:and
102:poet
76:Died
54:Born
1756:doi
1631:doi
1389:doi
1092:doi
1042:doi
513:In
239:at
129:PhD
2702::
2501:âą
2497:âą
1750:.
1637:.
1627:33
1625:.
1621:.
1594:.
1541:.
1515:.
1493:.
1462:.
1430:.
1417:^
1403:.
1395:.
1385:23
1383:.
1379:.
1358:}}
1354:{{
1342:.
1318:^
1304:.
1265:.
1244:}}
1240:{{
1228:.
1205:^
1172:}}
1168:{{
1156:.
1132:^
1104:^
1086:.
1070:^
1056:.
1048:.
1038:75
1036:.
1032:.
1018:^
1001:.
977:^
959:.
955:.
941:^
904:.
893:^
432:."
428:"a
283:,
279:,
2612:)
2605:)
2566:)
2559:)
2552:)
2545:)
2538:)
2526:)
2519:)
2512:)
2505:)
2493:(
1840:e
1833:t
1826:v
1762:.
1758::
1718:.
1645:.
1633::
1606:.
1580:.
1554:.
1526:.
1501:.
1411:.
1391::
1364:)
1350:.
1312:.
1277:.
1250:)
1236:.
1199:.
1178:)
1164:.
1126:.
1098:.
1094::
1064:.
1044::
1012:.
971:.
935:.
859:)
511:.
460:(
296:,
200:,
131:)
127:(
64:)
60:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
