Paris Agreement - Knowledge

783: 899:(ITMOs). The agreement recognizes the rights of parties to use emissions reductions outside of their own borders toward their NDC, in a system of carbon accounting and trading. This provision requires the "linkage" of carbon emissions trading systems – because measured emissions reductions must avoid "double counting", transferred mitigation outcomes must be recorded as a gain of emission units for one party and a reduction of emission units for the other, a so called "corresponding adjustment". Because the NDCs, and domestic carbon trading schemes, are heterogeneous, the ITMOs will provide a format for global linkage under the auspices of the UNFCCC. The provision thus also creates a pressure for countries to adopt emissions management systems – if a country wants to use more cost-effective cooperative approaches to achieve their NDCs, they will have to monitor carbon units for their economies. 599: 557: 1334:, established two years earlier during COP19 and set to expire in 2016, categorizes loss and damage as a subset of adaptation, which was unpopular with many countries. It is recognized as a separate pillar of the Paris Agreement. The United States argued against this, possibly worried that classifying the issue as separate from adaptation would create yet another climate finance provision. In the end, the agreement calls for "averting, minimizing, and addressing loss and damage" but specifies that it cannot be used as the basis for liability. The agreement adopts the Warsaw Mechanism, an institution that will attempt to address questions about how to classify, address, and share responsibility for loss. 412: 1255: 1216:

requirements of the agreement, and are on track to achieve a 4°C warming of the planet if current policies are implemented more widely. Of the world's countries, only the Gambia's emissions are at the level required by the Paris Agreement. Models predicted that if the necessary measures were not implemented by autumn 2021, the global average temperature would rise by 2.9°C. With the implementation of the Paris Agreement pledges, the average temperature would rise by 2.4°C, and with every zero emission target reached, the average temperature would rise by 2.0°C.

1125: 1525: 1567: 5032: 1204: 1513:, a former NASA scientist and leading climate change expert, voiced anger that most of the agreement consists of "promises" or aims and not firm commitments and called the Paris talks a fraud with "no action, just promises". Criticism of the agreement from those arguing against climate action has been diffuse, which may be due to the weakness of the agreement. This type of criticism typically focuses on national sovereignty and ineffectiveness of international action. 1553: 1192: 8794: 7780: 7768: 576:(according to a list produced in 2015) ratify or otherwise join the treaty. Alternative ways to join the treaty are acceptance, approval or accession. The first two are typically used when a head of state is not necessary to bind a country to a treaty, whereas the latter typically happens when a country joins a treaty already in force. After ratification by the European Union, the agreement obtained enough parties to enter into effect on 4 November 2016. 224: 8806: 7804: 7792: 6231: 55: 1539: 5288: 3636: 485: 757:. This structure is especially notable for the United States—because there are no legal mitigation or finance targets, the agreement is considered an "executive agreement rather than a treaty". Because the UNFCCC treaty of 1992 received the consent of the US Senate, this new agreement does not require further legislation. 1390:, which was raised against the Netherlands' government after it had reduced its planned emissions reductions goal for 2030 prior to the Paris Agreement. After an initial ruling against the government in 2015 that required it to maintain its planned reduction, the decision was upheld on appeals through the 1369:

Flexibility can be incorporated into the enhanced transparency framework via the scope, level of detail, or frequency of reporting, tiered based on a country's capacity. The requirement for in-country technical reviews could be lifted for some less developed or small island developing countries. Ways

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it was 2.4–2.6°C and if all countries will fulfill their long-term pledges 1.7–2.1 °C. However, the world remains very far from limiting warming to 1.5 degrees. To meet this benchmark, global emissions must peak by 2025, and although emissions have peaked in some countries, global emissions have not.

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to likely meet the 2°C upper target of the Paris Agreement, that the probabilities of major emitters meeting their NDCs without such an increase is very low. It estimated that with current trends the probability of staying below 2 °C of warming is 5% – and 26% if NDCs were met and continued post-2030

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The stocktake works as part of the Paris Agreement's effort to create a "ratcheting up" of ambition in emissions cuts. Because analysts agreed in 2014 that the NDCs would not limit rising temperatures below 2 °C, the global stocktake reconvenes parties to assess how their new NDCs must evolve so

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Both the EU and its member states are individually responsible for ratifying the Paris Agreement. A strong preference was reported that the EU and its 28 member states ratify at the same time to ensure that they do not engage themselves to fulfilling obligations that strictly belong to the other, and

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World leaders have lauded the agreement. However, some environmentalists and analysts have criticized it, saying it is not strict enough. There is debate about the effectiveness of the agreement. While pledges under the Paris Agreement are insufficient for reaching the set temperature goals, there is

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With initial pledges by countries inadequate, faster and more expensive future mitigation would be needed to still reach the targets. Furthermore, there is a gap between pledges by countries in their NDCs and implementation of these pledges; one third of the emission gap between the lowest-costs and

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The effectiveness of the Paris Agreement to reach its climate goals is under debate, with most experts saying it is insufficient for its more ambitious goal of keeping global temperature rise under 1.5°C. Many of the exact provisions of the Paris Agreement have yet to be straightened out, so that it

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The SDM is set to largely resemble the Clean Development Mechanism, with the dual goal of contributing to global GHG emissions reductions and supporting sustainable development. Though the structure and processes governing the SDM are not yet determined, certain similarities and differences from the

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There are barriers to implementing the agreement. Some countries struggle to attract the finance necessary for investments in decarbonization. Climate finance is fragmented, further complicating investments. Another issue is the lack of capabilities in government and other institutions to implement

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While the NDCs themselves are not binding, the procedures surrounding them are. These procedures include the obligation to prepare, communicate and maintain successive NDCs, set a new one every five years, and provide information about the implementation. There is no mechanism to force a country to

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that the United States, the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases after China, intended to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as soon as it was eligible to do so. The notice of withdrawal could not be submitted until the agreement was in force for three years for the US, on 4 November 2019. The

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Negotiations in Paris took place over a two-week span, and continued throughout the three final nights. Various drafts and proposals had been debated and streamlined in the preceding year. According to one commentator two ways in which the French increased the likelihood of success were: firstly to

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to the agreement without signing. It binds parties to not act in contravention of the goal of the treaty. On 1 April 2016, the United States and China, which represent almost 40% of global emissions confirmed they would sign the Paris Climate Agreement. The agreement was signed by 175 parties (174

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reductions for a limited set of countries from 2008 to 2012. The protocol was extended until 2020 with the Doha Amendment in 2012. The United States decided not to ratify the Protocol, mainly because of its legally-binding nature. This, and distributional conflict, led to failures of subsequent

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The parties are legally bound to have their progress tracked by technical expert review to assess achievement toward the NDC and to determine ways to strengthen ambition. Article 13 of the Paris Agreement articulates an "enhanced transparency framework for action and support" that establishes

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and transparency. Some of the pledges in the NDCs are unconditional, but others are conditional on outside factors such as getting finance and technical support, the ambition from other parties or the details of rules of the Paris Agreement that are yet to be set. Most NDCs have a conditional

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The negotiations almost failed because of a single word when the US legal team realized at the last minute that "shall" had been approved, rather than "should", meaning that developed countries would have been legally obliged to cut emissions: the French solved the problem by changing it as a

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In 2015, twenty Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and members of the International Development Finance Club introduced five principles to maintain widespread climate action in their investments: commitment to climate strategies, managing climate risks, promoting climate smart objectives,

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Though both mitigation and adaptation require increased climate financing, adaptation has typically received lower levels of support and has mobilized less action from the private sector. A report by the OECD found that 16% of global climate finance was directed toward climate adaptation in

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In September 2021, the Climate Action Tracker estimated that, with current policies, global emissions will double above the 2030 target level. The gap is 20-23 Gt CO2e. Countries such as Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, and Thailand have been criticised of not doing enough to meet the

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While the enhanced transparency framework is universal, the framework is meant to provide "built-in flexibility" to distinguish between developed and developing countries' capacities. The Paris Agreement has provisions for an enhanced framework for capacity building, recognizes the varying

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received more focus in Paris negotiations than in previous climate treaties. Collective, long-term adaptation goals are included in the agreement, and countries must report on their adaptation actions, making it a parallel component with mitigation. The adaptation goals focus on enhancing

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found that as of 2017 none of the major industrialized nations were implementing the policies they had pledged, and none met their pledged emission reduction targets, and even if they had, the sum of all member pledges (as of 2016) would not keep global temperature rise "well below 2°C".

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figures to the UNFCCC by 2024 and every two years after that. Developed countries submit their first BTR in 2022 and inventories annually from that year. The agreement also develops a Capacity-Building Initiative for Transparency to assist developing countries in building the necessary

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The Paris Agreement was open for signature by states and regional economic integration organizations that are parties to the UNFCCC (the convention) from 22 April 2016 to 21 April 2017 at the UN Headquarters in New York. Signing of the agreement is the first step towards

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In September 2023 the first global stocktake report about the implementation of the agreement was released. According to the report contrarily to expectations, the agreement has a significant effect: while in 2010 the expected temperature rise by 2100 was 3.7–4.8 °C, at

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mechanism allows nations to set their own nationally determined contributions (NDCs), rather than having targets imposed top down. Unlike its predecessor, the Kyoto Protocol, which sets commitment targets that have legal force, the Paris Agreement, with its emphasis on

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said that "Even if we meet every target, we will only get to part of where we need to go." He also stated "this agreement will help delay or avoid some of the worst consequences of climate change will help other nations ratchet down their emissions over time."

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The Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol was criticized for failing to produce either meaningful emissions reductions or sustainable development benefits in most instances. and for its complexity. It is possible that the SDM will see difficulties.

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that parties can take in achieving their nationally determined carbon emissions reductions. In doing so, it helps establish the Paris Agreement as a framework for a global carbon market. Article 6 is the only important part of the agreement yet to be resolved;

523:"typographical error". At the conclusion of COP21 (the 21st meeting of the Conference of the Parties), on 12 December 2015, the final wording of the Paris Agreement was adopted by consensus by the 195 UNFCCC participating member states and the European Union. 496: 6026: 1182:

it was 2.4–2.6°C and if all countries will fulfill their long-term pledges even 1.7–2.1 °C. Despite it, the world is still very far from reaching the aim of the agreement: limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees. For doing this, emissions must peak by 2025.

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2013–2014, compared to 77% for mitigation. The Paris Agreement called for a balance of climate finance between adaptation and mitigation, and specifically increasing adaptation support for parties most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, including

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The Paris Agreement is a short agreement with 16 introductory paragraphs and 29 articles. It contains procedural articles (covering, for example, the criteria for its entry into force) and operational articles (covering, for example, mitigation,

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that they continually reflect a country's "highest possible ambition". While ratcheting up the ambition of NDCs is a major aim of the global stocktake, it assesses efforts beyond mitigation. The five-year reviews will also evaluate adaptation,

4744: 9478: 489: 3206: 800:(NDCs). Article 3 requires NDCs to be "ambitious efforts" towards "achieving the purpose of this Agreement" and to "represent a progression over time". The contributions should be set every five years and are to be registered by the 753:, allows for voluntary and nationally determined targets. The specific climate goals are thus politically encouraged, rather than legally bound. Only the processes governing the reporting and review of these goals are mandated under 1425:. The court ruled that it must cut its global emissions by 45% from 2019 levels by 2030, as it was in violation of human rights. This lawsuit was considered the first major application of the Paris Agreement towards a corporation. 5202: 1357:

circumstances of countries, and notes that the technical expert review for each country consider that country's specific capacity for reporting. Parties to the agreement send their first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR), and

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The aim of the agreement, as described in Article 2, is to have a stronger response to the danger of climate change; it seeks to enhance the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change through:

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and analysts reacted cautiously, acknowledging the "spirit of Paris" in bringing together countries, but expressing less optimism about the pace of climate mitigation and how much the agreement could do for poorer countries.

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and finance). It is a binding agreement, but many of its articles do not imply obligations or are there to facilitate international collaboration. It covers most greenhouse gas emissions, but does not apply to international

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in a resolution "(A/HRC/50/L.10/Rev.1) on Human rights and climate change, adopted without a vote" called to ratify and implement the agreement and emphasized the link between stopping climate change and the right to food.

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officially recognized that "Climate change threatens the effective enjoyment of a range of human rights including those to life, water and sanitation, food, health, housing, self-determination, culture and development."

768: – the acknowledgement that different nations have different capacities and duties to climate action – but it does not provide a specific division between developed and developing nations. 4970:

Roelfsema, Mark; van Soest, Heleen L.; Harmsen, Mathijs; van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Bertram, Christoph; den Elzen, Michel; Höhne, Niklas; Iacobuta, Gabriela; Krey, Volker; Kriegler, Elmar; Luderer, Gunnar (29 April 2020).

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signed an executive order on his first day in office, 20 January 2021, to re-admit the United States into the Paris Agreement. Following the 30-day period set by Article 21.3, the U.S. was readmitted to the agreement.

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measures from 2020. The platform had a mandate to be informed by the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC and the work of the subsidiary bodies of the UNFCCC. The resulting agreement was to be adopted in 2015.

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Scenarios of global greenhouse gas emissions. If all countries achieve their current Paris Agreement pledges, average warming by 2100 would still exceed the maximum 2°C target set by the agreement.

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to grow rapidly. Emissions are being reduced rapidly in the electricity sector, but not in the building, transport and heating sector. Some industries are difficult to decarbonize, and for those

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in 2018 was seen as an example for the global stocktake. After a year of discussion, a report was published and there was a call for action, but countries did not increase ambition afterwards.

10473: 9126: 8858: 5845:(Report). Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and Centre for Climate Change, Economics and Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science. p. 24. 5763: 4288: 9118: 4767:"Implementation of General Assembly resolution 73/333, entitled "Follow-up to the report of the ad hoc open-ended working group established pursuant to General Assembly resolution 72/277"" 2252: 1402:°C temperature target of the Paris Agreement provided part of the judgement's legal basis. The agreement, whose goals are enshrined in German law, also formed part of the argumentation in 10393: 5192: 1640: 487: 4083: 2942: 2343: 1266:

by 2020, and agreed to continue mobilising finance at this level until 2025. The money is for supporting mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. It includes finance for the

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The Paris Agreement does not prescribe the exact nature of the NDCs. At a minimum, they should contain mitigation provisions, but they may also contain pledges on adaptation, finance,

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So far, as the only country who wants to buy ITMOs, Switzerland has signed deals regarding ITMO tradings with Peru, Ghana, Senegal, Georgia, Dominica, Vanuatu, Thailand and Ukraine.

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and adaptation, even though they feature prominently in the Paris Agreement. The literature available is mostly mixed in its conclusions about loss and damage, and adaptation.

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indicated they had wanted to object to the adoption as they denounced the weakness of the agreement, but were not given a chance. In the agreement the members promised to

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levels. The treaty also states that preferably the limit of the increase should only be 1.5 °C (2.7 °F). The lower the temperature increase, the smaller the

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It is not possible to adapt to all effects of climate change: even in the case of optimal adaptation, severe damage may still occur. The Paris Agreement recognizes

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U.S. government deposited the notification with the Secretary General of the United Nations and officially withdrew one year later on 4 November 2020. President

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international climate negotiations. The 2009 negotiations were intended to produce a successor treaty of Kyoto, but the negotiations collapsed and the resulting

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states and the European Union) on the first day it was opened for signature. As of March 2021, 194 states and the European Union have signed the agreement.

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The treaty aims to help countries adapt to climate change effects, and mobilize enough finance. Under the agreement, each country must determine, plan, and

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On June 4, 2024, the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP28) commenced in Dubai with renewed calls for amplified efforts towards climate action.

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improving climate performance and accounting for their own actions. As of January 2020, the number of members abiding by these principles grew to 44.

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United Nations/ Framework Convention on Climate Change (2015) Adoption of the Paris Agreement, 21st Conference of the Parties, Paris: United Nations

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According to the stocktake report, the agreement has a significant effect: while in 2010 the expected temperature rise by 2100 was 3.7–4.8 °C, at

808:. Countries can cooperate and pool their nationally determined contributions. The Intended Nationally Determined Contributions pledged during the 10403: 9533: 9378: 9288: 6757: 5727: 3463: 3300: 2244: 1741: 896: 5935:"Human Rights Council Adopts Nine Resolutions – Extends Mandates on Eritrea, Internally Displaced Persons, and Violence Against Women and Girls" 3680: 3668: 3656: 1636: 10807: 10468: 9493: 8733: 5871: 4920: 4208: 1386: 5163: 341:, the distinction between developed and developing countries is blurred, so that the latter also have to submit plans for emission reductions 11542: 9637: 8967: 8032: 6466: 4076: 3031: 2938: 2668: 2335: 1232: 1179: 881: 877: 573: 509: 464: 416: 272: 91: 5816: 584:

might delay the Paris pact. However, the EU deposited its instruments of ratification on 5 October 2016, along with seven EU member states.

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is one of the first international treaties on the topic. It stipulates that parties should meet regularly to address climate change, at the

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and the Least Developed Countries, whose economies and livelihoods are most vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change. The

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Under the Paris Agreement, countries must increase their ambition every five years. To facilitate this, the agreement established the

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Countries determine themselves what contributions they should make to achieve the aims of the treaty. As such, these plans are called

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Clean Development Mechanisms have become clear. A key difference is that the SDM will be available to all parties as opposed to only

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there were fears by observers that disagreement over each member state's share of the EU-wide reduction target, as well as Britain's

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Another key difference between the Paris Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol is their scope. The Kyoto Protocol differentiated between

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The Accord did lay the framework for bottom-up approach of the Paris Agreement. Under the leadership of UNFCCC executive secretary

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UNFCCC.int – Draft CMA decision on guidance on cooperative approaches referred to in Art. 6, paragraph 2, of the Paris Agreement

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Victor, David G.; Akimoto, Keigo; Kaya, Yoichi; Yamaguchi, Mitsutsune; Cullenward, Danny; Hepburn, Cameron (3 August 2017).

4898: 1769: 11322: 11272: 11237: 10323: 10313: 10178: 10173: 10103: 7738: 6694: 6689: 5693: 4428: 1974: 565: 4359: 4251: 399:(c) Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development. 11127: 10612: 10023: 9580: 9548: 7219: 6997: 6815: 6747: 6737: 6720: 6627: 6434: 4006: 1867:"Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change – 195 Nations Set Path to Keep Temperature Rise Well Below 2 Degrees Celsius" 1666: 1452: 1395: 1384:

The Paris Agreement has become a focal point of climate change litigation. One of the first major cases in this area was

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Roberts, J. Timmons; Weikmans, Romain; Robinson, Stacy-ann; Ciplet, David; Khan, Mizan; Falzon, Danielle (March 2021).

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Marcu, Andrei (2016). "Governance of Carbon Markets under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement". In Stavins, Robert (ed.).

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This article is about the 2015 climate accords. For the 1954 conferences to determine the status of West Germany, see

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Article 6 has been flagged as containing some of the key provisions of the Paris Agreement. Broadly, it outlines the

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The agreement would enter into force (and thus become fully effective) if 55 countries that produce at least 55% of

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is often not transferred to countries or places that need it. In December 2020, the former chair of the COP 21,

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took part in virtual events, saying that the US would "earn its way back" into legitimacy in the Paris process.

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Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)

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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

9431: 8587: 8485: 8020: 7633: 6917: 6674: 5728:"Putting the 'enhanced transparency framework' into action: Priorities for a key pillar of the Paris Agreement" 1279: 1171:

As of 2020, there is little scientific literature on the topics of the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement on

809: 5309: 4169: 1079:°C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This is an aggregate of each country's 884:. A mechanism, the "corresponding adjustment", was established to avoid double counting for emission offsets. 11587: 11492: 11487: 11467: 11422: 11417: 11332: 11302: 11287: 11197: 11142: 11072: 10982: 10897: 10892: 10852: 10847: 10797: 10762: 10757: 10747: 10732: 10692: 9894: 9598: 8831: 8810: 8778: 8655: 8582: 7743: 7278: 6810: 5310:"World isn't moving fast enough to cut pollution and keep warming below 2 degrees Celsius, UN scorecard says" 3794: 3759: 3693: 3079: 2366: 833: 2804: 1451:". According to the ruling of the court in Brazil it should "supersede national law". In the same month the 11577: 11567: 11557: 11537: 11512: 11437: 11392: 11342: 11257: 11222: 11217: 11207: 11187: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11047: 11007: 11002: 10997: 10952: 10937: 10912: 10887: 10867: 10842: 10822: 10722: 10702: 10697: 10682: 10667: 10657: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10348: 9958: 9804: 8939: 8567: 7835: 7726: 7398: 6927: 6922: 6827: 6704: 6261: 4766: 1012:, a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol by which parties could collaboratively pursue emissions reductions. 322:°C of global warming, emissions need to be cut by roughly 50% by 2030. This figure takes into account each 9088: 5912: 4851: 2275: 11582: 11532: 11527: 11517: 11472: 11397: 11352: 11347: 11327: 11307: 11277: 11192: 11177: 11137: 11092: 11077: 11057: 11032: 10972: 10962: 10947: 10917: 10832: 10767: 10742: 10737: 10717: 10707: 10642: 10546: 9794: 9574:

Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)

9217: 9076: 8875: 8675: 8607: 7983: 6937: 6790: 1323:

for low-lying islands. Previous climate agreements classified loss and damage as a subset of adaptation.

1009: 660:

Article 28 enables parties to withdraw from the agreement after sending a withdrawal notification to the

35: 1060:

of the global economy. Implementation also requires fossil fuel burning to be cut back and the share of

11617: 11612: 11502: 11462: 11427: 11372: 11337: 11292: 11252: 11232: 11227: 11157: 11067: 11052: 11037: 11012: 10977: 10942: 10922: 10872: 10787: 10712: 10607: 9692: 8873: 8377: 7998: 7877: 7796: 7560: 7363: 7320: 7093: 7015: 6869: 5409: 4710: 4478:"The Carbon Markets of Tomorrow: Taking Shape Today". Ecosystem Market Place. Retrieved 24 October 2016 3496: 3413: 1604: 1448: 1199:

emissions in China and the rest of the world have surpassed the output of the United States and Europe.

619: 299: 4110:"Catalyzing mitigation ambition under the Paris Agreement: elements for an effective Global Stocktake" 3736: 3438: 3292: 1734: 1149:

actual reductions in emissions would be closed by implementing existing pledges. A pair of studies in

836:, the former U.N. assistant secretary-general on climate change, stated, a "name and encourage" plan. 360:

ratified the agreement, sufficient countries had ratified the agreement responsible for enough of the

153:

Ratification and accession by 55 UNFCCC parties, accounting for 55% of global greenhouse gas emissions

11497: 11317: 11282: 11262: 11152: 11087: 11027: 11022: 10907: 10827: 10782: 9137: 9070: 8577: 8372: 8210: 7862: 7665: 7340: 7315: 7288: 7250: 7167: 6985: 6832: 6795: 6545: 6314: 6309: 6304: 5188: 2964: 1379: 1275: 1133:

may be too early to judge effectiveness. According to the 2020 United Nations Environment Programme (

1111:. The latter would define the environmental rights and duties of states, individuals and businesses. 1032: 750: 721: 472: 403:

Countries furthermore aim to reach "global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible."

373: 307: 260: 256: 7180: 5881: 5334: 2310:

GHG and Carbon Accounting, Auditing, Management & Training | Greenhouse Gas Management Institute

10597: 9599:

on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)

9122: 8899: 8510: 8387: 8352: 8101: 8091: 8065: 7675: 7670: 7660: 7601: 7441: 6947: 6912: 6805: 6732: 6573: 6402: 6338: 6299: 6019:"Paris COP21: Recognition of "common but differentiated responsibilities" key achievement of India" 5876: 5116: 2660: 1358: 635: 361: 311: 4655:

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

3028: 804:. Each further ambition should be more ambitious than the previous one, known as the principle of 706:

welcomed the return of the United States as restoring the "missing link that weakened the whole".

396:

and low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that does not threaten food production;

10536: 9933: 9568: 9356: 9012: 8929: 8798: 8572: 8415: 8225: 8197: 7920: 7910: 7828: 7784: 7706: 7616: 7358: 7330: 7010: 6669: 6647: 6254: 5786: 2589:

Voigt, Christina (2017). "Institutional Arrangements and Final Clauses". In Klein, Daniel (ed.).

812:

are converted to NDCs when a country ratifies the Paris Agreement, unless they submit an update.

638:, have ratified or acceded to the agreement. The only countries which have not ratified are some 603: 532: 411: 4737:"Laurent Fabius: 'Le vrai antidote au réchauffement, c'est l'application de l'Accord de Paris '" 2728: 1394:

in 2019, ruling that the Dutch government failed to uphold human rights under Dutch law and the

1370:

to assess capacity include financial and human resources in a country necessary for NDC review.

1107:, argued that the implementation of the Paris Agreement could be bolstered by the adoption of a 227: 10587: 10480: 9943: 9882: 9865: 9773: 9479:

Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families

8961: 8824: 8817: 8637: 8592: 8547: 8362: 8326: 8316: 8111: 8086: 8070: 8055: 8037: 7383: 7203: 7145: 7062: 7047: 6932: 6578: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 1294: 1065: 1289:

Some specific outcomes of the elevated attention to adaptation financing in Paris include the

10541: 9729: 9685: 9405: 8933: 8715: 8660: 8617: 8500: 8475: 8440: 8116: 7772: 7418: 7295: 7103: 6563: 6486: 6241: 4973:"Taking stock of national climate policies to evaluate implementation of the Paris Agreement" 3829: 1580: 1530: 1440: 1326:

The push to address loss and damage as a distinct issue in the Paris Agreement came from the

1258:

Pledges to the Green Climate Fund in 2018. The numbers represent the signed pledges per year.

1227:

in 2030 (including 240% more coal, 57% more oil and 71% more gas) than the 1.5 degree limit.

1160: 437: 303: 4281:"In-depth Q&A: How 'Article 6' carbon markets could 'make or break' the Paris Agreement" 1695: 1163:

model concluded that the rates of emissions reductions would have to increase by 80% beyond

9875: 9724: 9483: 9335: 9026: 8680: 8650: 8602: 8597: 8520: 8425: 8321: 8144: 8003: 7988: 7963: 7948: 7905: 7611: 7489: 7150: 6725: 6652: 5478: 5241: 5131: 5064: 4984: 4934: 4814: 4662: 4241:"Market Mechanisms in the Paris Climate Agreement: International Linkage under Article 6.2" 4121: 3589: 3338: 2409: 2398:"Latin America in the climate change negotiations: Exploring the AILAC and ALBA coalitions" 2397: 1874: 679: 5292: 5036: 5031: 3793:

Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).

3758:

Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).

3692:

Taibi, Fatima-Zahra; Konrad, Susanne; Bois von Kursk, Olivier (2020). Sharma, Anju (ed.).

3640: 2519: 1997: 1473: 8: 9820: 9632: 9280: 9223: 8905: 8612: 8495: 8490: 8235: 8154: 7973: 7953: 7943: 7628: 7403: 6637: 6632: 5197: 4801:

Raiser, Kilian; Kornek, Ulrike; Flachsland, Christian; Lamb, William F (19 August 2020).

4039: 3115: 1873:. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 12 December 2015. Archived from 1481: 1053: 1052:

The Paris Agreement is implemented via national policy. It would involve improvements to

816: 611: 460: 9038: 5482: 5435: 5245: 5135: 5068: 4988: 4818: 4667: 4191: 4125: 3911: 3593: 3342: 3199:"Biden plans 17 executive orders on student loans, wearing masks and more. See the list" 2413: 2113: 2031: 703: 392:(b) Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change and foster 283:(UNFCCC) are parties to the agreement. Of the three UNFCCC member states which have not 9928: 9652: 9165: 8923: 8911: 8557: 8552: 8187: 8149: 8106: 8025: 7456: 7388: 7305: 7155: 7120: 7077: 7072: 7067: 6642: 5272: 5229: 5193:"The world has the right climate goals – but the wrong ambition levels to achieve them" 5155: 5090: 5015: 4972: 4914: 4687: 4650: 4147: 3620: 3577: 3372: 3167: 3049:"Trump administration delivers notice U.S. intends to withdraw from Paris climate deal" 2885: 2641: 2425: 2172: 1267: 1262:

Developed countries reaffirmed the commitment to mobilize $ 100 billion a year in

1249: 1124: 1100: 1061: 1041: 528: 393: 315: 9489:

International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

2460:"The Paris agreement five years on: Is it strong enough to avert climate catastrophe?" 9734: 9172: 9094: 8955: 8766: 8749: 8720: 8515: 8399: 8205: 7958: 7895: 7690: 7353: 7098: 6864: 6657: 6620: 6407: 6361: 6209: 6188: 5808: 5496: 5277: 5259: 5159: 5147: 5082: 5020: 5002: 4888: 4832: 4692: 4534: 4151: 4139: 3849: 3625: 3607: 3559:"Paris climate talks: Differentiation of developed and developing stays, India happy" 3500: 3417: 3376: 3364: 3171: 3159: 3143: 2914: 2889: 2429: 2223: 2176: 2051: 1416: 1172: 1037: 828:

set a NDC target by a specific date, nor to meet their targets. There will be only a

820: 754: 745: 730: 453: 9484:

International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid

1496:. When the agreement achieved the required signatures in October 2016, US President 1087:

emissions would need to be cut to zero, and total greenhouse gases would need to be

744:

The Paris Agreement has been described as having a bottom-up structure, as its core

9948: 9594:

on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

8690: 8562: 8537: 8430: 8256: 8230: 8182: 8177: 8159: 8096: 8047: 7968: 7938: 7933: 7890: 7733: 7300: 7283: 7224: 7115: 6879: 6603: 6476: 6412: 5798: 5486: 5267: 5249: 5139: 5094: 5072: 5010: 4992: 4822: 4682: 4672: 4129: 3841: 3615: 3597: 3455: 3354: 3346: 3151: 2877: 2417: 2162: 2152: 2043: 1773: 1598: 1505: 1331: 1151: 1096: 1057: 849: 845: 369: 334: 31: 9454:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)

4134: 4109: 3350: 2661:"'Today is an historic day,' says Ban, as 175 countries sign Paris climate accord" 786:

Probability that countries achieve their Paris Agreement Goals according to their

622: 314:

should be reduced as soon as, and by as much as, possible. They should even reach

298:

The Paris Agreement has a long-term temperature goal which is to keep the rise in

9538: 9251: 9064: 8917: 8525: 8435: 8420: 8286: 8251: 8060: 7685: 7606: 7570: 7473: 7461: 7378: 7310: 7185: 7042: 6664: 6615: 6593: 6203: 4882: 3978: 3035: 2921: 1586: 1558: 1493: 1316: 1263: 1245: 857: 264: 9030: 9000: 5112: 1966: 1566: 1524: 9923: 9034: 8978: 8974: 8951: 8450: 8367: 8301: 8296: 8015: 7993: 7928: 7851: 7638: 7494: 7436: 7431: 7273: 7162: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6742: 6679: 6417: 6397: 6356: 6277: 6148:"James Hansen, father of climate change awareness, calls Paris talks 'a fraud'" 5491: 5466: 5254: 5225: 5117:"Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2°C" 4997: 4827: 4802: 4739:[The true antidote to warming is the application of the Paris Accord]. 3602: 3488: 3405: 3155: 1592: 1488:, called the agreement "balanced and long-lasting", and India's prime minister 1485: 1320: 1104: 829: 683: 615: 501: 448: 444: 357: 338: 252: 48:

Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

8945: 5803: 4075:

Höhne, Niklas; Louise, Jeffery; Nilsson, Anna; Fekete, Hanna (November 2019).

2881: 2637:"Obama and President Xi of China Vow to Sign Paris Climate Agreement Promptly" 2191:"UNFCCC:Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP)" 2157: 2144: 1838: 10576: 9341:

Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples

8994: 8990: 8755: 8480: 8465: 8460: 8445: 8266: 8220: 7978: 7711: 7643: 7368: 7190: 7175: 7110: 7005: 5812: 5500: 5263: 5006: 4836: 4143: 3853: 3611: 3368: 2055: 1544: 1489: 607: 353: 337:, but each target should go beyond previous targets. In contrast to the 1997 9190: 5905:"Brazil's High Court First to Declare Paris Agreement a Human Rights Treaty" 3459: 2047: 1607: – Interaction of societies and governments with current climate change 9763: 9719: 9708: 9233: 9153: 9060: 8728: 8126: 7885: 7596: 7393: 7037: 7027: 6684: 6568: 6481: 6112: 5281: 5151: 5108: 5086: 5024: 4696: 4677: 4418:

eda.admin.ch: Switzerland and Ghana sign an agreement on climate protection

3629: 3163: 3111:"Trump makes it official: U.S. will withdraw from the Paris climate accord" 2999:"On the Possibility to Withdraw from the Paris Agreement: A Short Overview" 2455: 1939: 1789: 1572: 1510: 1497: 1434: 1290: 1224: 1203: 545: 433: 284: 8888: 5960: 4602:"What Does the Paris Agreement Mean for Climate Resilience and Adaptation" 4108:

Hermwille, Lukas; Siemons, Anne; Förster, Hannah; Jeffery, Louise (2019).

2560:"Explainer: The adoption, signing and ratification of the UN climate deal" 1254: 10495: 9768: 9758: 9100: 9052: 9022: 9006: 8311: 8306: 8271: 8134: 7623: 7140: 7132: 6392: 3439:"The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics" 2190: 2032:"The Paris Agreement and the new logic of international climate politics" 1477: 1363: 268: 9265:

Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture

6050:"Paris climate deal provides 'best chance we have' of saving the planet" 5661:"Explainer: Dealing with the 'loss and damage' caused by climate change" 5383: 5143: 3493:

The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate

3410:

The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change: A Guide to the Debate

2606:"Paris Climate Treaty: 'Significant step' as US and China agree to sign" 2167: 1552: 9056: 9046: 8470: 8455: 8281: 8261: 7655: 7032: 3845: 2245:"Paris climate deal: nearly 200 nations sign in end of fossil fuel era" 1935:"Court orders Royal Dutch Shell to cut carbon emissions by 45% by 2030" 1601: – International agreement to reduce the use of hydrofluorocarbons 696: 661: 561: 463:, negotiation regained momentum after Copenhagen's failure. During the 231: 95: 6083:"A sweeping global climate change agreement was ratified on Wednesday" 5547: 4440:

admin.ch: Climate protection: Switzerland signs agreement with Georgia

3974:"Paris climate deal: What the agreement means for India and the world" 3359: 2939:"India Ratifies Landmark Paris Climate Deal, Says, 'Kept Our Promise'" 1735:"Reference: C.N.464.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d (Depositary Notification)" 1191: 10520: 9201: 8739: 8685: 8139: 6610: 3834:

Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law

3029:"This Interactive Chart Shows Changes in the World's Top 10 Emitters" 2836:"Explainer: When will the European Union ratify the Paris Agreement?" 1412: 1408:, where the court ordered Germany to reconsider its climate targets. 1223:

report states that world governments still plan to produce 110% more

688: 524: 345: 5077: 5052: 4880: 4803:"Is the Paris Agreement effective? A systematic map of the evidence" 4077:

Guiding questions for the Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement

2805:"Explainer: Paris Agreement on climate change to 'enter into force'" 2421: 766:

Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities

333:

on its contributions. No mechanism forces a country to set specific

9953: 9459:

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

9229: 8532: 4969: 4011: 2925: 1138: 1088: 1069: 726: 657:

is the latest country to ratify the agreement, on 7 February 2023.

531:"as soon as possible" and to do their best to keep global warming " 376:

forcing countries and an oil company to strengthen climate action.

10510: 10505: 9112: 8505: 7820: 6588: 6246: 6230: 5363:"Climate target updates slow as science ramps up need for action" 1017: 654: 54: 10490: 9677: 9245: 8169: 7591: 6117:"Paris climate change deal too weak to help poor, critics warn" 2698: 1461:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

1444: 581: 344:

The Paris Agreement was opened for signature on 22 April 2016 (

9504:

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

9367:

Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women

4492:

Building blocks for a robust Sustainable Development Mechanism

4107: 1998:"UN climate talks extend Kyoto Protocol, promise compensation" 1484:, Executive Secretary of the UNFCCC. The president of Brazil, 887: 440:

or COP. It forms the foundation to future climate agreements.

34:. For the treaty that ended the Cambodian-Vietnamese War, see 9323: 7505:

Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

6598: 5988:"Pollution from Planes and Ships Left Out of Paris Agreement" 5580:

Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

5464: 5287: 4583:

Upsetting the offset: the political economy of carbon markets

3635: 3487: 3404: 647: 643: 456:

was not legally binding and did not get adopted universally.

276: 124: 5785:

Backes, C. W. (Chris); Veen, G. A. (Gerrit) van der (2020).

5602:"Mapped: Where multilateral climate funds spend their money" 3881:"Paris climate accord marks shift toward low-carbon economy" 2083:"The Paris Agreement and the future of climate negotiations" 1589: – Concept for social justice in climate change context 1583: – Denial of the scientific consensus on climate change 667: 40:

Paris meetings, agreements and declarations (disambiguation)

10500: 9239: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5217: 5107: 4625:"The Paris Agreement: Turning Point for a Climate Solution" 4527:

Carbon Market Provisions in the Paris Agreement (Article 6)

3912:"COP21: What does the Paris climate agreement mean for me?" 3728: 3569: 1134: 880:

did not produce a result. The topic was settled during the

866: 288: 9310: 5050: 4800: 2306:"The Paris Agreement is done! Let the negotiations begin?" 629: 471:

was established to negotiate a legal instrument governing

364:

for the agreement to enter into force on 4 November 2016.

7681:

Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change

5840:

Global trends in climate change litigation: 2021 snapshot

5516:"Climate Finance in 2013–14 and the USD 100 billion goal" 5035: This article incorporates text available under the 3802:. European Capacity Building Initiative. pp. 32–33. 3792: 3757: 3691: 2870:"Paris climate deal to take effect as EU ratifies accord" 75: Parties also covered by European Union ratification 9373:

Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women

9191:

Princess of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

5787:"Urgenda: the Final Judgment of the Dutch Supreme Court" 5624: 5600:

Timperley, Jocelyn; Pearce, Rosamund (6 November 2017).

4568:"Recommendations for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement." 4074: 4007:"Climate negotiators strike deal to slow global warming" 2367:"Final draft of climate deal formally accepted in Paris" 1901:"Activists cheer victory in landmark Dutch climate case" 1319:, or from slow-onset events such as the loss of land to 1164: 8710:

UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)

4429:

swissinfo.ch: Switzerland and Senegal sign climate deal

4358:. Harvard Project on Climate Agreements. Archived from 3259:"United States officially rejoined the Paris Agreement" 3144:"The US has left the Paris climate deal – what's next?" 2365:

Sutter, John D.; Berlinger, Joshua (12 December 2015).

1027: 8889:

Prince of Asturias Award for International Cooperation

5967:. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights 3576:

Liu, Peiran R.; Raftery, Adrian E. (9 February 2021).

2928:, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016). 771: 11593:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

9469:

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

9385:

Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity

9208:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

8985:

United Nations Blue Berets stationed in Ex-Yugoslavia

7522:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

5791:

Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law

3767:. European Capacity Building Initiative. p. 17. 2915:"Paris climate deal: US and China formally join pact" 2336:"How a 'typo' nearly derailed the Paris climate deal" 860:

provisions, and technology development and transfer.

642:: Iran with 2% of the world total being the largest. 504:

signalling the formal adoption of the Paris Agreement

281:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

9564:

Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

9499:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

9390:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

6184:

Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories

5939:

The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

5872:"Arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental" 4533:. Centre for Europe and Policy Studies. p. 13. 3701:. European Capacity Building Initiative. p. 1. 3293:"It's official: U.S. back in the Paris climate club" 2219:

Negotiating the Paris Agreement: The Insider Stories

1520: 1000: 372:. The Paris Agreement has been successfully used in 318:

by the middle of the 21st century. To stay below 1.5

5548:"Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change" 5436:"COP21 climate change summit reaches deal in Paris" 4852:"Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures" 3729:"National Climate Action under the Paris Agreement" 2114:"UN climate chief Christiana Figueres to step down" 1839:"The Paris Agreement – the 1.5 °C Temperature Goal" 1663:"Paris Climate Agreement Becomes International Law" 1293:' announcement to provide US$ 420 million for 1145:, and may bring down temperatures a further 0.5°C. 310:can be expected. To achieve this temperature goal, 10474:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985) 9618: 4407:eda.admin.ch: Bilateral relations Switzerland–Peru 4279:Evans, Simon; Gabbatiss, John (29 November 2019). 3943:"Nations Approve Landmark Climate Accord in Paris" 3879:Reguly, Eric; McCarthy, Shawn (14 December 2015). 295:from the agreement in 2020, but rejoined in 2021. 279:, France. As of February 2023, 195 members of the 10562:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 9160:International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 674:United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement 10574: 9663:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 7722:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6077: 6075: 5756:"Reporting and Review under the Paris Agreement" 2142: 1770:"US makes official return to Paris climate pact" 1211:at a far faster rate than other primary regions. 9379:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 5896: 5599: 5467:"Rebooting a failed promise of climate finance" 5410:"What Does the Paris Agreement do for Finance?" 5044: 4935:"Paris Agreement, Decision 1/CP.21, Article 17" 4648: 4386:"A Vision for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement" 2364: 538: 11183:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia 9494:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 8734:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 5864: 5838:Setzer, Joana; Higham, Catherine (July 2021). 4278: 3878: 3436: 2774:"Glossary of terms relating to Treaty actions" 1387:State of the Netherlands v. Urgenda Foundation 1186: 9693: 9638:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 9296: 8968:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 8859: 7836: 6467:History of climate change policy and politics 6262: 6139: 6072: 5329: 5327: 4881:United Nations Environment Programme (2020). 3331:Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 2908: 2395: 2276:"Bonn climate talks ask for draft Paris text" 1472:The agreement was lauded by French President 1114: 897:international transfer of mitigation outcomes 733:, which fall under the responsibility of the 634:The EU and 194 states, totalling over 98% of 510:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference 465:2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference 417:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference 273:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference 11368:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9648:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 9534:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 5909:Yale Program on Climate Change Communication 5837: 3830:"The Legal Character of the Paris Agreement" 3027:World Resources Institute, 10 December 2010 1315:of this kind. Loss and damage can stem from 895:and 6.3 establish a framework to govern the 517:Intended Nationally Determined Contributions 479: 302:to well below 2 °C (3.6 °F) above 267:. The Paris Agreement was negotiated by 196 10903:Treaties entered into by the European Union 9643:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees 9464:Convention on the Political Rights of Women 6584:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 6205:Achieving the Paris Climate Agreement Goals 4458:bafu.admin.ch: Bilateral climate agreements 4216:International Emissions Trading Association 3651: 3649: 3141: 2867: 888:Linkage of carbon trading systems and ITMOs 255:that was signed in 2016. The treaty covers 10793:Treaties of the People's Republic of China 9700: 9686: 9400:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action 9352:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam 9303: 9289: 9083:Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 8866: 8852: 8805: 7843: 7829: 7803: 7791: 7248: 6269: 6255: 5784: 5725: 5635: 5324: 5223: 5053:"Prove Paris was more than paper promises" 4919:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4599: 4488: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 3903: 3872: 3575: 2242: 1207:Per person, the United States generates CO 640:greenhouse gas emitters in the Middle East 9325:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions 8745:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) 7543: 7349:Adaptation strategies on the German coast 6492:United Nations Climate Change conferences 5802: 5636:Mogelgaard, Kathleen (24 December 2015). 5490: 5271: 5253: 5076: 5014: 4996: 4826: 4686: 4676: 4666: 4600:Mogelgaard, Kathleen (23 December 2015). 4170:"The Paris Agreement 'Ratchet Mechanism'" 4133: 3940: 3619: 3601: 3358: 3290: 3046: 2863: 2861: 2634: 2166: 2156: 1696:"Paris Agreement, FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1" 735:International Civil Aviation Organization 668:United States withdrawal and readmittance 430:UN Framework Convention on Climate Change 287:the agreement, the only major emitter is 10778:Treaties of the Central African Republic 9554:Convention for the Prevention of Torture 8773:UN Conference on Sustainable Development 7053:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation 5407: 5303: 5301: 4849: 4040:"Framework Convention on Climate Change" 3827: 3646: 3321: 2653: 2396:Watts, Joshua; Depledge, Joanna (2018). 2243:Goldenberg, Suzanne (12 December 2015). 2081:Klein, Richard J. T. (7 December 2020). 1995: 1655: 1422:Milieudefensie et al v Royal Dutch Shell 1253: 1202: 1190: 1123: 867:Mitigation provisions and carbon markets 781: 597: 555: 483: 410: 10394:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 9258:Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative 9017:Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity 7409:National Adaptation Programme of Action 7198:Land use, land-use change, and forestry 6016: 5903:Ciuffo, Leandro Neumann (7 July 2022). 5721: 5719: 5717: 5658: 5041:Minor grammatical amendments were made. 4796: 4794: 4792: 4735:Guibert, Christelle (8 December 2020). 4734: 4489:Kachi, Aki; Voigt, Juliane (May 2017). 4444: 4238: 3971: 3565:from the original on 20 September 2016. 3528: 3430: 3324:"The Paris Agreement: a new beginning?" 3291:Volcovici, Valerie (19 February 2021). 3142:Schiermeier, Quirin (4 November 2020). 2603: 2490:"'Historic' Paris climate deal adopted" 2111: 2029: 1861: 1859: 1836: 1729: 1727: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1595: – Policy for emissions reductions 1398:by lowering its emission targets. The 2 1351:monitoring, reporting, and verification 630:Countries that have ratified or acceded 625:at the COP21 Summit on 30 November 2015 182:Secretary-General of the United Nations 14: 10575: 10486:List of human rights abuses by country 9974:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017) 9939:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 9362:Declaration of the Rights of the Child 9312:International human rights instruments 8343:Corporate environmental responsibility 7058:Economics of climate change mitigation 7021:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard) 6544: 6372:Scientific consensus on climate change 6145: 6111: 6047: 5902: 5744:from the original on 19 November 2016. 5688: 5686: 5428: 5307: 5234:Communications Earth & Environment 5187: 4644: 4642: 4635:from the original on 19 November 2016. 4622: 4612:from the original on 19 November 2016. 4396:from the original on 20 November 2016. 4274: 4272: 4180:from the original on 19 November 2016. 3582:Communications Earth & Environment 3543:from the original on 18 November 2016. 3090:from the original on 17 September 2017 3080:"WH: US staying out of climate accord" 2868:Schiermeier, Quirin (4 October 2016). 2858: 2721: 2553: 2551: 2496:. CBC/Radio Canada. 12 December 2015. 2454: 2215: 2025: 2023: 1932: 1928: 1926: 1898: 594:List of parties to the Paris Agreement 27:International treaty on climate change 10808:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo 10557:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 9681: 9617: 9520: 9474:Convention on the Rights of the Child 9429: 9428: 9411:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants 9346:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 9322: 9284: 9246:Camfed, Campaign for Female Education 9189: 8887: 8847: 7824: 7717:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 7542: 7247: 6983: 6543: 6455: 6336: 6288: 6250: 6158:from the original on 14 December 2015 5985: 5446:from the original on 13 December 2015 5298: 4771:United Nations Environmental Assembly 4623:Morgan, Jennifer (12 December 2015). 4595: 4593: 4591: 4523: 4348: 4344: 4342: 4248:Harvard Project on Climate Agreements 4234: 4232: 4225:from the original on 17 October 2016. 4203: 4201: 4163: 4161: 4056:from the original on 12 December 2015 4019:from the original on 13 December 2015 3986:from the original on 14 December 2015 3953:from the original on 14 December 2015 3941:Davenport, Coral (12 December 2015). 3922:from the original on 14 December 2015 3891:from the original on 13 December 2015 3726: 3556: 3552: 3550: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3303:from the original on 20 February 2021 3286: 3284: 3269:from the original on 20 February 2021 2979:from the original on 24 November 2018 2846:from the original on 5 September 2016 2827: 2745:from the original on 21 February 2016 2691:"Paris Agreement Signature Ceremony" 2591:The Paris Agreement on Climate Change 2588: 2536:from the original on 17 November 2017 2500:from the original on 12 December 2015 2377:from the original on 12 December 2015 2273: 2124:from the original on 29 December 2020 2080: 1894: 1892: 1832: 1830: 1780:from the original on 19 February 2021 1764: 1762: 1712:from the original on 12 December 2015 1447:recognized the Paris agreement as a " 1141:commitments were not included in the 11543:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates 9127:Malaria Research and Training Centre 8876:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award 8716:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983) 7739:Representative Concentration Pathway 6690:Tipping points in the climate system 6366:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere 6181:Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021). 6048:Taylor, Matthew (13 December 2015). 5986:Hulac, Benjamin (14 December 2015). 5766:from the original on 1 November 2020 5714: 5648:from the original on 8 October 2016. 5513: 5370:Climate Action Tracker Global update 4963: 4901:from the original on 9 December 2020 4789: 4777:from the original on 22 January 2021 4747:from the original on 7 February 2021 4572:, 19 May 2016. Web. 10 October 2016. 4383: 4049:. United Nations. 12 December 2015. 4004: 3972:Chauhan, Chetan (14 December 2015). 3909: 3529:Taraska, Gwynne (15 December 2015). 3469:from the original on 30 October 2021 3239:from the original on 21 January 2021 3235:. The White House. 20 January 2021. 3209:from the original on 21 January 2021 3123:from the original on 9 November 2019 3009:from the original on 2 December 2018 2358: 2216:Jepsen, Henrik; et al. (2021). 1856: 1724: 1690: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1639:. United Nations Treaty Collection. 1618: 1028:Climate change adaptation provisions 682:delivered an official notice to the 651:have also not ratified the agreement 574:the world's greenhouse gas emissions 566:United Nations General Assembly Hall 10618:Treaties entered into force in 2016 9581:American Convention on Human Rights 9107:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 7510:Nationally determined contributions 7220:Individual action on climate change 6435:World energy supply and consumption 6146:Milman, Oliver (12 December 2015). 6093:from the original on 5 October 2016 5819:from the original on 18 August 2021 5683: 5169:from the original on 19 August 2019 4850:Maizland, Lindsay (29 April 2021). 4639: 4269: 4167: 3557:Sinha, Amitabh (14 December 2015). 3047:Restuccia, Andrew (4 August 2017). 2945:from the original on 3 October 2016 2896:from the original on 5 October 2016 2833: 2802: 2557: 2548: 2373:. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. 2020: 1996:Harrabin, Roger (8 December 2012). 1923: 1747:from the original on 15 August 2017 1453:United Nations Human Rights Council 1411:In May 2021, the district court of 1396:European Convention on Human Rights 1239: 1143:Nationally Determined Contributions 1081:nationally determined contributions 839: 797:nationally determined contributions 788:nationally determined contributions 778:Nationally determined contributions 772:Nationally determined contributions 739:International Maritime Organization 24: 11298:Treaties of the State of Palestine 10858:Treaties of the Dominican Republic 10728:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina 9984:during the Libyan civil war (2011) 9846:National human rights institutions 9841:List of human rights organisations 9559:European Convention on Nationality 8358:Environmental full-cost accounting 7850: 7649:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis 6276: 6174: 6017:Goswami, Urmi (14 December 2015). 5416:from the original on 10 April 2017 5408:Thwaites, Joe (18 December 2015). 4588: 4505:from the original on 25 April 2021 4498:. Carbon Market Watch. p. 2. 4339: 4291:from the original on 20 April 2020 4229: 4198: 4158: 4089:from the original on 10 March 2021 3860:from the original on 18 March 2021 3809:from the original on 17 April 2021 3796:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition 3774:from the original on 17 April 2021 3761:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition 3708:from the original on 17 April 2021 3695:Pocket Guide to NDCs: 2020 Edition 3547: 3513: 3281: 3196: 3108: 3077: 3059:from the original on 4 August 2017 2635:Davenport, Coral (31 March 2016). 2616:from the original on 23 April 2016 2197:from the original on 2 August 2015 2149:International Community Law Review 2112:McGrath, Matt (19 February 2016). 1889: 1827: 1815:from the original on 19 March 2021 1802: 1759: 1300: 25: 11629: 11383:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe 11358:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis 9549:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 9119:Manhiça Centre of Health Research 8292:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity 7576:Satellite temperature measurement 7181:forestry for carbon sequestration 6472:History of climate change science 6223: 6202:Teske, Sven; et al. (2019). 6127:from the original on 30 June 2021 6060:from the original on 13 July 2021 6029:from the original on 15 July 2021 5308:Nilsen, Ella (8 September 2023). 5205:from the original on 29 June 2016 4951:from the original on 1 April 2016 4862:from the original on 12 June 2021 4005:Falk, Pamela (12 December 2015). 3910:Mark, Kinver (14 December 2015). 3499:. pp. 28, 137–148, 175–179. 3386:from the original on 24 July 2021 3178:from the original on 18 July 2021 2671:from the original on 29 June 2017 2470:from the original on 15 July 2021 2436:from the original on 15 July 2021 2346:from the original on 22 July 2021 2316:from the original on 22 July 2021 2286:from the original on 18 July 2021 2274:Evans, Simon (7 September 2015). 2255:from the original on 26 July 2021 2143:Orangias, Joseph (1 April 2022). 2093:from the original on 18 July 2021 2008:from the original on 16 July 2018 1977:from the original on 20 July 2021 1899:Corder, Mike (20 December 2019). 1740:. United Nations. 8 August 2017. 1681: 1047: 1020:, making it much wider in scope. 1001:Sustainable Development Mechanism 11163:Treaties of the Marshall Islands 9969:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp 9707: 9521: 9148:National Transplant Organization 8804: 8793: 8792: 8762:UN Millennium Declaration (2000) 7802: 7790: 7779: 7778: 7766: 7427:Climate Change Performance Index 6229: 6105: 6041: 6010: 5979: 5953: 5927: 5852:from the original on 7 July 2021 5831: 5778: 5748: 5710:from the original on 9 May 2016. 5652: 5593: 5565: 5540: 5507: 5458: 5401: 5376: 5355: 5286: 5181: 5101: 5030: 4927: 4874: 4843: 4759: 4728: 4550:from the original on 2 July 2021 4209:"Article 6 Implementation Paper" 4082:(Report). NewClimate Institute. 3739:from the original on 13 May 2021 3634: 3536:. Center for American Progress. 2784:from the original on 22 May 2019 2778:United Nations Treaty Collection 2062:from the original on 3 June 2018 1947:from the original on 26 May 2021 1911:from the original on 9 July 2021 1643:from the original on 5 July 2021 1565: 1551: 1537: 1523: 1392:Supreme Court of the Netherlands 1307:Loss and damage (climate change) 1119: 701:United Nations Secretary-General 251:) is an international treaty on 222: 53: 11508:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago 11433:Treaties of the Solomon Islands 10648:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda 10094:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet 9800:Natural rights and legal rights 9790:Claim rights and liberty rights 9131:Kintampo Health Research Centre 8348:Corporate social responsibility 8277:Ocean thermal energy conversion 8216:Community-supported agriculture 7901:Human impact on the environment 7566:Instrumental temperature record 7517:Sustainable Development Goal 13 5998:from the original on 9 May 2021 5880:(in Portuguese). Archived from 5735:Stockholm Environment Institute 5671:from the original on 8 May 2021 5638:"When Adaptation is Not Enough" 5612:from the original on 7 May 2021 4703: 4616: 4575: 4562: 4517: 4482: 4471: 4462: 4433: 4422: 4411: 4400: 4377: 4328: 4303: 4184: 4168:Yeo, Sophie (19 January 2016). 4101: 4068: 4031: 3998: 3965: 3934: 3821: 3786: 3751: 3720: 3685: 3673: 3661: 3481: 3398: 3315: 3251: 3221: 3190: 3135: 3102: 3071: 3040: 3021: 2991: 2957: 2931: 2815:from the original on 8 May 2021 2796: 2766: 2757: 2702:. 22 April 2016. Archived from 2683: 2628: 2604:McGrath, Matt (31 March 2016). 2597: 2582: 2570:from the original on 8 May 2021 2512: 2482: 2448: 2389: 2328: 2298: 2267: 2236: 2209: 2183: 2136: 2105: 2087:Stockholm Environment Institute 2074: 1989: 1959: 1428: 1344:Enhanced Transparency Framework 1337: 1328:Alliance of Small Island States 1109:Global Pact for the Environment 11548:Treaties of the United Kingdom 10988:Treaties extended to Hong Kong 10838:Treaties of the Czech Republic 10603:November 2015 events in France 10593:December 2015 events in France 9964:against Palestinians by Israel 9621:International humanitarian law 9168:for the Advancement of Science 8588:Socially responsible marketing 7634:Climate variability and change 6984: 6675:Retreat of glaciers since 1850 6187:. Cambridge University Press. 4807:Environmental Research Letters 4649:Gomez-Echeverri, Luis (2018). 4524:Marcu, Andrei (January 2016). 4352:The Paris agreement and beyond 4311:"Climate Explainer: Article 6" 2803:Yeo, Sophie (6 October 2016). 2222:. Cambridge University Press. 1933:Boffey, Daniel (26 May 2021). 1796: 1366:and processes for compliance. 1280:Small Island Developing States 1044:, and limiting vulnerability. 810:2015 Climate Change Conference 432:(UNFCCC), adopted at the 1992 406: 92:30 November – 12 December 2015 81: Agreement does not apply 13: 1: 11553:Treaties of the United States 10933:Treaties of Georgia (country) 10883:Treaties of Equatorial Guinea 9589:to Prevent and Punish Torture 8878:for International Cooperation 8779:Sustainable Development Goals 8583:Socially responsible business 7744:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 7279:Climate emergency declaration 5694:"The Paris Agreement Summary" 4135:10.1080/14693062.2019.1624494 3531:"The Paris Climate Agreement" 3351:10.1080/02646811.2016.1133983 2973:Union of Concerned Scientists 2558:Yeo, Sophie (19 April 2016). 1837:Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich. 1611: 1373: 447:, adopted in 1997, regulated 11313:Treaties of Papua New Guinea 10813:Treaties of the Cook Islands 9805:Negative and positive rights 7727:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report 6953:Middle East and North Africa 6289: 5573:"Roadmap to US$ 100 Billion" 5521:. p. 20. Archived from 4856:Council on Foreign Relations 4711:"Frequently Asked Questions" 4585:. London: MayFlyBooks, 2009, 2834:Yeo, Sophie (23 June 2016). 1467: 1068:may be necessary to achieve 714: 539:Signing and entry into force 415:Heads of delegations at the 324:country's documented pledges 38:. For different topics, see 7: 11323:Treaties of the Philippines 11273:Treaties of North Macedonia 11238:Treaties of the Netherlands 10547:List of human rights awards 10419:in the United Arab Emirates 9795:Individual and group rights 9218:Hispanic Society of America 9144:The Transplantation Society 9093:2004: The European Union's 9077:International Space Station 8608:Sustainability organization 8393:Standards and certification 7984:Social return on investment 6456: 6242:Text of the Paris Agreement 5659:Pidcock, Roz (9 May 2017). 4384:Hone, David (16 May 2016). 3322:Savaresi, Annalisa (2016). 2965:"Each Country's Share of CO 1516: 1187:Fulfillment of requirements 1010:Clean Development Mechanism 694:United States Climate Envoy 348:) at a ceremony inside the 36:1991 Paris Peace Agreements 10: 11634: 11128:Treaties extended to Macau 10613:Treaties concluded in 2015 10469:of the Marcos dictatorship 9585:Inter-American Convention 9449:Convention against Torture 9240:Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance 8033:Systemic change resistance 7561:Global surface temperature 7452:Popular culture depictions 7364:Ecosystem-based adaptation 7094:Carbon capture and storage 7016:Carbon offsets and credits 6337: 5961:"OHCHR and climate change" 5726:Van Asselt, Harro (2016). 5492:10.1038/s41558-021-00990-2 5255:10.1038/s43247-021-00097-8 4998:10.1038/s41467-020-15414-6 3727:Staff (22 November 2019). 3603:10.1038/s43247-021-00097-8 3497:Cambridge University Press 3491:; Edward A Parson (2020). 3414:Cambridge University Press 3408:; Edward A Parson (2020). 3156:10.1038/d41586-020-03066-x 1971:Council of Foreign Affairs 1871:UN Climate Change Newsroom 1665:. ABC News. Archived from 1605:Politics of climate change 1492:commended the agreement's 1432: 1415:ruled against oil company 1405:Neubauer et al. v. Germany 1377: 1341: 1304: 1243: 1115:Specific topics of concern 775: 709: 671: 591: 587: 529:reduce their carbon output 507: 423: 300:global surface temperature 29: 11113:Treaties of Liechtenstein 10968:Treaties of Guinea-Bissau 10529: 10414:in the State of Palestine 10399:in the Dominican Republic 9979:during the Gaddafi regime 9916: 9861: 9854: 9833: 9813: 9782: 9754: 9743: 9715: 9628: 9613: 9529: 9516: 9439: 9424: 9331: 9318: 9196: 9185: 9138:World Health Organization 9089:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 9071:Fernando Henrique Cardoso 8894: 8883: 8788: 8699: 8636: 8408: 8335: 8244: 8211:Climate-smart agriculture 8196: 8168: 8125: 8079: 8046: 7919: 7876: 7858: 7773:Climate change portal 7760: 7699: 7666:Extreme event attribution 7584: 7553: 7549: 7538: 7482: 7417: 7339: 7289:School Strike for Climate 7261: 7257: 7243: 7212: 7168:Climate-smart agriculture 7129: 7086: 6996: 6992: 6979: 6903: 6766: 6713: 6556: 6552: 6539: 6462: 6451: 6380: 6349: 6345: 6332: 6315:Climate change adaptation 6310:Climate change mitigation 6305:Effects of climate change 6295: 6284: 5804:10.1163/18760104-01703004 5642:World Resources Institute 4629:World Resources Institute 4606:World Resources Institute 3828:Bodansky, Daniel (2016). 3733:World Resources Institute 3229:"Paris Climate Agreement" 2882:10.1038/nature.2016.20735 2158:10.1163/18719732-bja10068 1380:Climate change litigation 1276:Least developed countries 1159:In 2021, a study using a 1033:Climate change adaptation 620:Portuguese Prime Minister 533:to well below 2 degrees C 480:Negotiations and adoption 473:climate change mitigation 308:effects of climate change 257:climate change mitigation 221: 216: 187: 177: 165: 157: 149: 131: 120: 102: 87: 52: 11608:Human rights instruments 11523:Treaties of Turkmenistan 11443:Treaties of South Africa 11408:Treaties of Sierra Leone 11388:Treaties of Saudi Arabia 11148:Treaties of the Maldives 10993:Treaties of the Holy See 10753:Treaties of Burkina Faso 9123:Ifakara Health Institute 8353:Environmental accounting 8102:Sustainable architecture 8092:Environmental technology 7676:Global warming potential 7483:International agreements 7130:Preserving and enhancing 6574:Arctic methane emissions 6496:Years in climate change 6403:Greenhouse gas emissions 6300:Causes of climate change 5877:Supremo Tribunal Federal 4887:. Nairobi. p. XXI. 4828:10.1088/1748-9326/ab865c 4239:Stavins, Robert (2016). 2030:Falkner, Robert (2016). 1359:greenhouse gas inventory 1091:just after mid-century. 636:greenhouse gas emissions 548:, but it is possible to 362:world's greenhouse gases 312:greenhouse gas emissions 11598:United Nations treaties 11478:Treaties of Switzerland 11453:Treaties of South Sudan 11448:Treaties of South Korea 11363:Treaties of Saint Lucia 11268:Treaties of North Korea 11243:Treaties of New Zealand 11043:Treaties of Ivory Coast 10878:Treaties of El Salvador 10803:Treaties of the Comoros 10678:Treaties of the Bahamas 10623:Treaties of Afghanistan 10583:2015 in the environment 10537:History of human rights 9944:Enforced disappearances 9934:Crimes against humanity 9357:Declaration of Montreal 9013:Government of Guatemala 8940:Javier Pérez de Cuéllar 8930:University of Salamanca 8226:Sustainable agriculture 7707:Climate change scenario 7359:Disaster risk reduction 7011:Carbon emission trading 6821:U.S. insurance industry 6801:Civilizational collapse 6648:sea surface temperature 4047:United Nations FCCC Int 3460:10.1111/1468-2346.12708 3437:Robert Falkner (2016). 2048:10.1111/1468-2346.12708 1476:, UN Secretary General 379: 18:Paris Climate Agreement 11603:Environmental treaties 11563:Treaties of Uzbekistan 11483:Treaties of Tajikistan 11403:Treaties of Seychelles 11378:Treaties of San Marino 11213:Treaties of Mozambique 11203:Treaties of Montenegro 11168:Treaties of Mauritania 11133:Treaties of Madagascar 11123:Treaties of Luxembourg 11083:Treaties of Kyrgyzstan 11063:Treaties of Kazakhstan 10928:Treaties of the Gambia 10863:Treaties of East Timor 10818:Treaties of Costa Rica 10773:Treaties of Cape Verde 10688:Treaties of Bangladesh 10673:Treaties of Azerbaijan 10481:Incitement to genocide 9774:Universal jurisdiction 8962:Hans-Dietrich Genscher 8769:(Rio+10, Johannesburg) 8638:Sustainable management 8623:Urban drainage systems 8363:Environmental planning 8327:Water recycling shower 8317:Tidal stream generator 8112:Sustainable industries 8071:Sustainable population 8056:Demographic transition 8038:Tragedy of the commons 7700:Research and modelling 7384:Nature-based solutions 7204:Nature-based solutions 7146:Carbon dioxide removal 7063:Fossil fuel divestment 7048:Climate risk insurance 6958:Small island countries 6579:Arctic sea ice decline 6234:Quotations related to 5582:. OECD. Archived from 4678:10.1098/rsta.2016.0444 4192:"COP28 Opens in Dubai" 3681:Paris Agreement (2015) 3669:Paris Agreement (2015) 3657:Paris Agreement (2015) 2920:2 January 2018 at the 1317:extreme weather events 1295:climate risk insurance 1259: 1212: 1200: 1129: 1066:carbon dioxide removal 873:cooperative approaches 791: 678:On 4 August 2017, the 626: 569: 505: 420: 401: 293:United States withdrew 11573:Treaties of Venezuela 11458:Treaties of Sri Lanka 11413:Treaties of Singapore 11248:Treaties of Nicaragua 11173:Treaties of Mauritius 11118:Treaties of Lithuania 11018:Treaties of Indonesia 10958:Treaties of Guatemala 10663:Treaties of Australia 10653:Treaties of Argentina 10542:List of global issues 9406:Yogyakarta Principles 8934:University of Coimbra 8661:Humanistic capitalism 8476:Environmental finance 8117:Sustainable packaging 7661:Earth's energy budget 7544:Background and theory 7432:Climate crisis (term) 7104:Fossil fuel phase-out 6998:Economics and finance 6963:by individual country 6905:By country and region 6880:Security and conflict 6875:Psychological impacts 6564:Abrupt climate change 6487:Charles David Keeling 6320:By country and region 5471:Nature Climate Change 5111:; den Elzen, Michel; 4977:Nature Communications 4390:The Energy Collective 3447:International Affairs 3263:Renewable Energy 2050 3034:14 March 2021 at the 2036:International Affairs 1805:"The Paris Agreement" 1581:Climate change denial 1531:Global warming portal 1441:Supreme Federal Court 1433:Further information: 1257: 1244:Further information: 1206: 1195:Since 2000, rising CO 1194: 1127: 882:2021 COP26 in Glasgow 785: 604:Indian Prime Minister 601: 568:for the United States 559: 499: 438:Conference of Parties 414: 387: 249:Paris Climate Accords 137:; 7 years ago 108:; 8 years ago 11588:Treaties of Zimbabwe 11493:Treaties of Thailand 11488:Treaties of Tanzania 11468:Treaties of Suriname 11423:Treaties of Slovenia 11418:Treaties of Slovakia 11333:Treaties of Portugal 11303:Treaties of Paraguay 11288:Treaties of Pakistan 11198:Treaties of Mongolia 11143:Treaties of Malaysia 11073:Treaties of Kiribati 10983:Treaties of Honduras 10898:Treaties of Ethiopia 10893:Treaties of Eswatini 10853:Treaties of Dominica 10848:Treaties of Djibouti 10798:Treaties of Colombia 10763:Treaties of Cameroon 10758:Treaties of Cambodia 10748:Treaties of Bulgaria 10733:Treaties of Botswana 10693:Treaties of Barbados 10424:in the United States 10199:in Jammu and Kashmir 9745:Fundamental concepts 9336:Brazilian Resolution 9043:Fatana Ishaq Gailani 9027:Olayinka Koso-Thomas 8975:Frederik W. de Klerk 8628:Urban infrastructure 8322:Water heat recycling 8145:Conservation biology 7989:Steady-state economy 7964:Micro-sustainability 7949:Ecological footprint 7906:Planetary boundaries 7490:Glasgow Climate Pact 7151:Carbon sequestration 6726:Mass mortality event 6115:(14 December 2015). 5703:. 28 December 2015. 5589:on 19 November 2016. 5442:. 13 December 2015. 4884:Emissions Gap Report 3416:. pp. 190–191. 3265:. 20 February 2021. 2649:on 21 February 2017. 2402:WIREs Climate Change 2342:. 16 December 2015. 2312:. 24 February 2016. 1776:. 19 February 2021. 1439:On 4 July 2022, the 1168:by all signatories. 1083:. By mid-century, CO 878:negotiations in 2019 680:Trump administration 582:vote to leave the EU 11578:Treaties of Vietnam 11568:Treaties of Vanuatu 11558:Treaties of Uruguay 11538:Treaties of Ukraine 11513:Treaties of Tunisia 11438:Treaties of Somalia 11393:Treaties of Senegal 11343:Treaties of Romania 11258:Treaties of Nigeria 11223:Treaties of Namibia 11218:Treaties of Myanmar 11208:Treaties of Morocco 11188:Treaties of Moldova 11108:Treaties of Liberia 11103:Treaties of Lesotho 11098:Treaties of Lebanon 11048:Treaties of Jamaica 11008:Treaties of Ireland 11003:Treaties of Iceland 10998:Treaties of Hungary 10953:Treaties of Grenada 10938:Treaties of Germany 10913:Treaties of Finland 10888:Treaties of Estonia 10868:Treaties of Ecuador 10843:Treaties of Denmark 10823:Treaties of Croatia 10723:Treaties of Bolivia 10703:Treaties of Belgium 10698:Treaties of Belarus 10683:Treaties of Bahrain 10668:Treaties of Austria 10658:Treaties of Armenia 10638:Treaties of Andorra 10633:Treaties of Algeria 10628:Treaties of Albania 10409:in the Soviet Union 10309:in Papua New Guinea 9959:Human rights abuses 9917:Human rights abuses 9821:Corporal punishment 9633:Genocide Convention 9224:Amref Health Africa 8906:Enrique V. Iglesias 8900:José López Portillo 8729:Earth Summit (1992) 8383:Metrics and indices 8236:Sustainable fishery 8155:Holocene extinction 7974:Product stewardship 7944:Earth Overshoot Day 7629:Climate sensitivity 7404:The Adaptation Fund 6860:Infectious diseases 6767:Social and economic 6154:. London, England. 5992:Scientific American 5483:2021NatCC..11..180R 5246:2021ComEE...2...29L 5228:(9 February 2021). 5198:The Washington Post 5144:10.1038/nature18307 5136:2016Natur.534..631R 5069:2017Natur.548...25V 4989:2020NatCo..11.2096R 4819:2020ERL....15h3006R 4668:2018RSPTA.37660444G 4570:Carbon Market Watch 4365:on 19 November 2016 4257:on 19 November 2016 4126:2019CliPo..19..988H 3887:. Toronto, Canada. 3594:2021ComEE...2...29L 3343:2016JENRL..34...16S 3116:The Washington Post 2458:(8 December 2020). 2414:2018WIRCC...9E.533W 1482:Christiana Figueres 1449:human rights treaty 1221:Production Gap 2021 817:technology transfer 612:President of Brazil 461:Christiana Figueres 63: State parties 49: 11583:Treaties of Zambia 11533:Treaties of Uganda 11528:Treaties of Tuvalu 11518:Treaties of Turkey 11473:Treaties of Sweden 11398:Treaties of Serbia 11353:Treaties of Rwanda 11348:Treaties of Russia 11328:Treaties of Poland 11308:Treaties of Panama 11278:Treaties of Norway 11193:Treaties of Monaco 11178:Treaties of Mexico 11138:Treaties of Malawi 11093:Treaties of Latvia 11078:Treaties of Kuwait 11058:Treaties of Jordan 11033:Treaties of Israel 10973:Treaties of Guyana 10963:Treaties of Guinea 10948:Treaties of Greece 10918:Treaties of France 10833:Treaties of Cyprus 10768:Treaties of Canada 10743:Treaties of Brunei 10738:Treaties of Brazil 10718:Treaties of Bhutan 10708:Treaties of Belize 10643:Treaties of Angola 10404:in the Philippines 9929:Crime of apartheid 9653:Geneva Conventions 9166:Max Planck Society 8912:Belisario Betancur 8188:Sustainable energy 8150:Endangered species 8107:Sustainable design 8021:Consumer behaviour 7200:(LULUCF and AFOLU) 7172:Forest management 7156:Direct air capture 7121:Sustainable energy 7078:Net zero emissions 7073:Low-carbon economy 7068:Green Climate Fund 6855:Indigenous peoples 6758:Plant biodiversity 6546:Effects and issues 6089:. 5 October 2016. 6023:The Economic Times 5226:Raftery, Adrian E. 4942:UNFCCC secretariat 4661:(2119): 20160444. 3947:The New York Times 3846:10.1111/reel.12154 3679:Articles 3, 9(3), 3197:Medina, Daniella. 2642:The New York Times 1967:"UN Climate Talks" 1877:on 17 January 2016 1703:UNFCCC secretariat 1669:on 4 November 2016 1268:Green Climate Fund 1260: 1250:Green Climate Fund 1213: 1201: 1130: 1070:net zero emissions 1062:sustainable energy 802:UNFCCC Secretariat 792: 751:consensus building 627: 570: 506: 421: 394:climate resilience 374:climate litigation 370:increased ambition 47: 11618:Lists of treaties 11613:International law 11503:Treaties of Tonga 11463:Treaties of Sudan 11428:Treaties of Spain 11373:Treaties of Samoa 11338:Treaties of Qatar 11293:Treaties of Palau 11253:Treaties of Niger 11233:Treaties of Nepal 11228:Treaties of Nauru 11158:Treaties of Malta 11068:Treaties of Kenya 11053:Treaties of Japan 11038:Treaties of Italy 11013:Treaties of India 10978:Treaties of Haiti 10943:Treaties of Ghana 10923:Treaties of Gabon 10873:Treaties of Egypt 10788:Treaties of Chile 10713:Treaties of Benin 10608:Science diplomacy 10570: 10569: 10552:Three generations 9912: 9911: 9829: 9828: 9675: 9674: 9671: 9670: 9658:Hague Conventions 9609: 9608: 9512: 9511: 9432:International law 9420: 9419: 9278: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9181: 9180: 9173:Fulbright Program 9095:Erasmus Programme 8956:Mikhail Gorbachev 8874:Laureates of the 8841: 8840: 8767:Earth Summit 2002 8750:Lisbon Principles 8722:Our Common Future 8400:Sustainable yield 8206:Civic agriculture 7959:Green consumption 7896:Global governance 7818: 7817: 7756: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7691:Radiative forcing 7534: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7354:Adaptive capacity 7239: 7238: 7235: 7234: 7099:Energy transition 6975: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6695:Tropical cyclones 6621:Urban heat island 6535: 6534: 6447: 6446: 6443: 6442: 6408:Carbon accounting 6362:Greenhouse effect 6328: 6327: 6215:978-3-030-05842-5 6194:978-1-108-88624-6 5130:(7609): 631–639. 4894:978-92-807-3812-4 4540:978-94-6138-501-7 3506:978-1-316-63132-4 3423:978-1-316-63132-4 2667:. 22 April 2016. 2229:978-1-108-88624-6 1843:Climate Analytics 1637:"Paris Agreement" 1506:environmentalists 1474:François Hollande 1417:Royal Dutch Shell 1173:capacity building 1075:To stay below 1.5 1054:energy efficiency 1038:adaptive capacity 998: 997: 821:capacity building 790:as of 2021 (NDCs) 755:international law 746:pledge and review 535:" (3.6 °F). 497: 454:Copenhagen Accord 335:emissions targets 243:(also called the 237: 236: 69: Signatories 16:(Redirected from 11625: 11498:Treaties of Togo 11318:Treaties of Peru 11283:Treaties of Oman 11263:Treaties of Niue 11153:Treaties of Mali 11088:Treaties of Laos 11028:Treaties of Iraq 11023:Treaties of Iran 10908:Treaties of Fiji 10828:Treaties of Cuba 10783:Treaties of Chad 10324:in Punjab, India 9949:Forced migration 9859: 9858: 9752: 9751: 9747:and philosophies 9702: 9695: 9688: 9679: 9678: 9615: 9614: 9518: 9517: 9426: 9425: 9395:Paris Principles 9320: 9319: 9305: 9298: 9291: 9282: 9281: 9187: 9186: 9146:and the Spanish 9039:Rigoberta Menchú 8885: 8884: 8868: 8861: 8854: 8845: 8844: 8808: 8807: 8796: 8795: 8740:Agenda 21 (1992) 8711: 8676:Natural resource 8563:Organic movement 8538:Impact investing 8257:Hydroelectricity 8231:Sustainable diet 8183:Renewable energy 8178:Carbon footprint 8160:Invasive species 8097:Natural building 8048:World population 8009:Marketing myopia 7969:Over-consumption 7939:Circular economy 7934:Anti-consumerism 7891:Environmentalism 7845: 7838: 7831: 7822: 7821: 7806: 7805: 7794: 7793: 7782: 7781: 7771: 7770: 7769: 7734:Paleoclimatology 7551: 7550: 7540: 7539: 7301:Ecological grief 7284:Climate movement 7259: 7258: 7245: 7244: 7225:Plant-based diet 7116:Renewable energy 6994: 6993: 6981: 6980: 6816:Economic impacts 6748:Invasive species 6604:Coastal flooding 6554: 6553: 6541: 6540: 6477:Svante Arrhenius 6453: 6452: 6423:from agriculture 6413:Carbon footprint 6398:Greenhouse gases 6347: 6346: 6334: 6333: 6286: 6285: 6271: 6264: 6257: 6248: 6247: 6233: 6219: 6198: 6168: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6143: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098: 6079: 6070: 6069: 6067: 6065: 6045: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6034: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6003: 5983: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5941:. 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8890: 8879: 8872: 8842: 8837: 8784: 8709: 8701: 8700:Agreements and 8695: 8632: 8436:Climate finance 8404: 8331: 8287:Reclaimed water 8240: 8192: 8164: 8121: 8075: 8061:Family planning 8042: 7915: 7872: 7854: 7849: 7819: 7814: 7767: 7765: 7748: 7695: 7686:Orbital forcing 7580: 7545: 7526: 7500:Paris Agreement 7478: 7474:Warming stripes 7413: 7379:Managed retreat 7374:Loss and damage 7335: 7269:Business action 7253: 7231: 7208: 7131: 7125: 7082: 7043:Climate finance 6988: 6967: 6899: 6762: 6738:Extinction risk 6714:Flora and fauna 6709: 6670:Permafrost thaw 6665:Ozone depletion 6594:Extreme weather 6548: 6531: 6458: 6439: 6376: 6341: 6324: 6291: 6280: 6275: 6236:Paris Agreement 6226: 6216: 6201: 6195: 6180: 6177: 6175:Further reading 6172: 6171: 6161: 6159: 6144: 6140: 6130: 6128: 6110: 6106: 6096: 6094: 6081: 6080: 6073: 6063: 6061: 6046: 6042: 6032: 6030: 6015: 6011: 6001: 5999: 5984: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5915:on 24 July 2022 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3256: 3252: 3242: 3240: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3140: 3136: 3126: 3124: 3109:Dennis, Brady. 3107: 3103: 3093: 3091: 3078:Liptak, Kevin. 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3045: 3041: 3036:Wayback Machine 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2968: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2922:Wayback Machine 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2866: 2859: 2849: 2847: 2832: 2828: 2818: 2816: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2762: 2758: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2693: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2659: 2658: 2654: 2633: 2629: 2619: 2617: 2602: 2598: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2556: 2549: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2522: 2520:"Article 20(1)" 2518: 2517: 2513: 2503: 2501: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2422:10.1002/wcc.533 2394: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2363: 2359: 2349: 2347: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2289: 2287: 2272: 2268: 2258: 2256: 2241: 2237: 2230: 2214: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2141: 2137: 2127: 2125: 2110: 2106: 2096: 2094: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2063: 2028: 2021: 2011: 2009: 1994: 1990: 1980: 1978: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1931: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1897: 1890: 1880: 1878: 1865: 1864: 1857: 1847: 1845: 1835: 1828: 1818: 1816: 1801: 1797: 1783: 1781: 1768: 1767: 1760: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1725: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1682: 1672: 1670: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1646: 1644: 1635: 1634: 1619: 1614: 1587:Climate justice 1571: 1564: 1559:Politics portal 1557: 1550: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1529: 1522: 1519: 1494:climate justice 1470: 1437: 1431: 1399: 1382: 1376: 1346: 1340: 1313:loss and damage 1309: 1303: 1301:Loss and damage 1264:climate finance 1252: 1246:Climate finance 1242: 1210: 1198: 1189: 1122: 1117: 1086: 1076: 1050: 1030: 1018:Annex-I parties 1003: 952:18 October 2021 922:20 October 2020 890: 869: 858:climate finance 842: 780: 774: 717: 712: 676: 670: 632: 596: 590: 541: 512: 484: 482: 469:Durban Platform 426: 409: 382: 368:a mechanism of 350:UN Headquarters 319: 241:Paris Agreement 228:Paris Agreement 223: 212: 142:4 November 2016 141: 139: 136: 135:4 November 2016 112: 110: 107: 83: 82: 78: 76: 72: 70: 66: 64: 60: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11631: 11621: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11495: 11490: 11485: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11465: 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11120: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10995: 10990: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10890: 10885: 10880: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10568: 10567: 10565: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10533: 10531: 10527: 10526: 10524: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10477: 10476: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10374:in Switzerland 10371: 10366: 10361: 10359:in South Korea 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10294:in North Korea 10291: 10286: 10284:in New Zealand 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10229:in Kyrgyzstan‎ 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10114:in El Salvador 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10039:in Balochistan 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9989:in Afghanistan 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9924:Atrocity crime 9920: 9918: 9914: 9913: 9910: 9909: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9862: 9856: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9848: 9843: 9837: 9835: 9831: 9830: 9827: 9826: 9824: 9823: 9817: 9815: 9811: 9810: 9808: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9786: 9784: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9749: 9744: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9716: 9713: 9712: 9705: 9704: 9697: 9690: 9682: 9673: 9672: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9629: 9626: 9625: 9611: 9610: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9583: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9569:Social Charter 9566: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9543: 9542: 9541: 9530: 9527: 9526: 9514: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9440: 9437: 9436: 9422: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9414: 9408: 9403: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9376: 9370: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9343: 9338: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9316: 9315: 9308: 9307: 9300: 9293: 9285: 9276: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9261: 9254: 9248: 9242: 9236: 9226: 9220: 9214: 9204: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9183: 9182: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9169: 9162: 9156: 9150: 9140: 9134: 9121:(Mozambique), 9115: 9109: 9103: 9097: 9091: 9085: 9079: 9073: 9067: 9049: 9035:Fatiha Boudiaf 9019: 9009: 9003: 8997: 8987: 8981: 8979:Nelson Mandela 8971: 8964: 8958: 8952:Jacques Delors 8948: 8942: 8936: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8895: 8892: 8891: 8881: 8880: 8871: 8870: 8863: 8856: 8848: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8835: 8828: 8821: 8814: 8802: 8789: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8776: 8775:(Rio+20, 2012) 8770: 8764: 8759: 8753: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8731: 8726: 8718: 8713: 8705: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8642: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8529: 8528: 8523: 8521:Infrastructure 8518: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8451:Eco-capitalism 8448: 8443: 8438: 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8412: 8410: 8406: 8405: 8403: 8402: 8397: 8396: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8368:Sustainability 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8339: 8337: 8336:Accountability 8333: 8332: 8330: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8248: 8246: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8202: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8191: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8174: 8172: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8131: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8120: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8083: 8081: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8052: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8029: 8028: 8023: 8013: 8012: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7994:Sustainability 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7929:Anthropization 7925: 7923: 7917: 7916: 7914: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7882: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7870: 7865: 7859: 7856: 7855: 7852:Sustainability 7848: 7847: 7840: 7833: 7825: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7812: 7800: 7788: 7776: 7761: 7758: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7750: 7749: 7747: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7703: 7701: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7641: 7639:Cloud feedback 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7594: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7557: 7555: 7547: 7546: 7536: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7497: 7495:Kyoto Protocol 7492: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7449: 7447:Media coverage 7444: 7439: 7437:Climate spiral 7434: 7429: 7423: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7345: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7328: 7326:Public opinion 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7292: 7291: 7281: 7276: 7274:Climate action 7271: 7265: 7263: 7255: 7254: 7241: 7240: 7237: 7236: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7193: 7188: 7186:REDD and REDD+ 7183: 7178: 7170: 7165: 7163:Carbon farming 7160: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7143: 7137: 7135: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7107: 7106: 7096: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7013: 7008: 7002: 7000: 6990: 6989: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6909: 6907: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6895:Water security 6892: 6890:Water scarcity 6887: 6885:Urban flooding 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6781: 6770: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6743:Forest dieback 6740: 6735: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6717: 6715: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6680:Sea level rise 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6661: 6660: 6655: 6653:stratification 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6625: 6624: 6623: 6618: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6560: 6558: 6550: 6549: 6537: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6530: 6529: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6431: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6418:Carbon leakage 6415: 6410: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6384: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6359: 6357:Climate system 6353: 6351: 6343: 6342: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6323: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6296: 6293: 6292: 6282: 6281: 6278:Climate change 6274: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6225: 6224:External links 6222: 6221: 6220: 6214: 6199: 6193: 6176: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6138: 6104: 6071: 6040: 6009: 5978: 5965:United Nations 5952: 5926: 5895: 5863: 5830: 5797:(3): 307–321. 5777: 5747: 5713: 5682: 5651: 5623: 5592: 5564: 5539: 5528:on 30 May 2016 5506: 5477:(3): 180–182. 5457: 5427: 5400: 5388:Production Gap 5375: 5354: 5342:United Nations 5323: 5297: 5216: 5180: 5100: 5043: 4962: 4926: 4893: 4873: 4842: 4788: 4758: 4727: 4702: 4638: 4615: 4587: 4574: 4561: 4539: 4516: 4481: 4470: 4461: 4443: 4432: 4421: 4410: 4399: 4376: 4338: 4327: 4302: 4268: 4228: 4197: 4194:. 4 June 2024. 4183: 4157: 4114:Climate Policy 4100: 4067: 4030: 3997: 3964: 3933: 3902: 3885:Globe and Mail 3871: 3840:(2): 142–150. 3820: 3785: 3750: 3719: 3684: 3672: 3667:Article 4(9), 3660: 3645: 3568: 3546: 3512: 3505: 3489:Andrew Dessler 3480: 3429: 3422: 3406:Andrew Dessler 3397: 3314: 3280: 3250: 3220: 3203:The Tennessean 3189: 3134: 3101: 3070: 3039: 3020: 2990: 2966: 2956: 2930: 2907: 2857: 2826: 2795: 2765: 2756: 2720: 2709:on 16 May 2017 2682: 2665:United Nations 2652: 2627: 2596: 2593:. p. 363. 2581: 2547: 2511: 2481: 2447: 2388: 2357: 2327: 2297: 2266: 2235: 2228: 2208: 2182: 2135: 2104: 2073: 2019: 1988: 1958: 1922: 1888: 1855: 1826: 1795: 1758: 1723: 1680: 1654: 1616: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1602: 1596: 1593:Climate target 1590: 1584: 1577: 1576: 1562: 1548: 1534: 1518: 1515: 1486:Dilma Rousseff 1469: 1466: 1430: 1427: 1378:Main article: 1375: 1372: 1342:Main article: 1339: 1336: 1321:sea level rise 1305:Main article: 1302: 1299: 1241: 1238: 1208: 1196: 1188: 1185: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1105:Laurent Fabius 1084: 1049: 1048:Implementation 1046: 1029: 1026: 1006:Paragraphs 6.4 1002: 999: 996: 995: 993: 990: 986: 985: 983: 980: 976: 975: 973: 970: 966: 965: 963: 960: 956: 955: 953: 950: 946: 945: 943: 940: 936: 935: 933: 930: 926: 925: 923: 920: 916: 915: 912: 909: 893:Paragraphs 6.2 889: 886: 868: 865: 841: 838: 830:name and shame 776:Main article: 773: 770: 716: 713: 711: 708: 684:United Nations 672:Main article: 669: 666: 631: 628: 616:Dilma Rousseff 592:Main article: 589: 586: 540: 537: 508:Main article: 502:Laurent Fabius 500:Movie showing 481: 478: 449:greenhouse gas 445:Kyoto Protocol 425: 422: 408: 405: 381: 378: 358:European Union 339:Kyoto Protocol 304:pre-industrial 253:climate change 235: 234: 219: 218: 214: 213: 211: 210: 207: 204: 201: 198: 195: 191: 189: 185: 184: 179: 175: 174: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 133: 129: 128: 122: 118: 117: 104: 100: 99: 89: 85: 84: 77: 71: 65: 59: 58: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11630: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11511: 11509: 11506: 11504: 11501: 11499: 11496: 11494: 11491: 11489: 11486: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11119: 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11041: 11039: 11036: 11034: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10984: 10981: 10979: 10976: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10889: 10886: 10884: 10881: 10879: 10876: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10588:2015 in Paris 10586: 10584: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10528: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10475: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10444:in Uzbekistan 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10334:in the Russia 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10214:in Kazakhstan 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10070: 10067: 10065: 10062: 10060: 10057: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10047: 10045: 10044:in Bangladesh 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10029:in Azerbaijan 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9915: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9895:South America 9893: 9891: 9889: 9888:North America 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9860: 9857: 9853: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9838: 9836: 9834:Organizations 9832: 9822: 9819: 9818: 9816: 9812: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9787: 9785: 9781: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9753: 9750: 9742: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9717: 9714: 9710: 9703: 9698: 9696: 9691: 9689: 9684: 9683: 9680: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9631: 9630: 9627: 9623: 9622: 9616: 9612: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9567: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9546: 9544: 9540: 9537: 9536: 9535: 9532: 9531: 9528: 9524: 9519: 9515: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9441: 9438: 9434: 9433: 9427: 9423: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9380: 9377: 9374: 9371: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9333: 9330: 9326: 9321: 9317: 9313: 9306: 9301: 9299: 9294: 9292: 9287: 9286: 9283: 9266: 9262: 9259: 9255: 9253: 9249: 9247: 9243: 9241: 9237: 9235: 9231: 9227: 9225: 9221: 9219: 9215: 9213: 9209: 9205: 9203: 9199: 9198: 9195: 9188: 9184: 9174: 9170: 9167: 9163: 9161: 9157: 9155: 9151: 9149: 9145: 9141: 9139: 9135: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9114: 9110: 9108: 9104: 9102: 9098: 9096: 9092: 9090: 9086: 9084: 9080: 9078: 9074: 9072: 9068: 9066: 9062: 9058: 9054: 9050: 9048: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9018: 9014: 9010: 9008: 9004: 9002: 8998: 8996: 8995:Yasser Arafat 8992: 8991:Yitzhak Rabin 8988: 8986: 8982: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8969: 8965: 8963: 8959: 8957: 8953: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8941: 8937: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8925: 8924:Raúl Alfonsín 8921: 8919: 8915: 8913: 8909: 8907: 8903: 8901: 8897: 8896: 8893: 8886: 8882: 8877: 8869: 8864: 8862: 8857: 8855: 8850: 8849: 8846: 8834: 8833: 8829: 8827: 8826: 8822: 8820: 8819: 8815: 8813: 8812: 8803: 8801: 8800: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8780: 8777: 8774: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8757: 8756:Earth Charter 8754: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8646:Environmental 8644: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8635: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8578:Refurbishment 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8568:Organizations 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8481:Green economy 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8466:Eco-socialism 8464: 8462: 8461:Eco-investing 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8446:Disinvestment 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8413: 8411: 8407: 8401: 8398: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8334: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8267:Marine energy 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8243: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8221:Cultured meat 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8195: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8167: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8124: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8078: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8045: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8018: 8017: 8014: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7979:Simple living 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7926: 7924: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7875: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7846: 7841: 7839: 7834: 7832: 7827: 7826: 7823: 7811: 7810: 7801: 7799: 7798: 7789: 7787: 7786: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7763: 7762: 7759: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7712:Climate model 7710: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7650: 7647: 7646: 7645: 7644:Cloud forcing 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7599: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7552: 7548: 7541: 7537: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7487: 7485: 7481: 7475: 7472: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7422: 7420: 7419:Communication 7416: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7399:Vulnerability 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7369:Flood control 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7290: 7287: 7286: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7266: 7264: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7246: 7242: 7226: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7192: 7191:reforestation 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7176:afforestation 7174: 7173: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7161: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7148: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7128: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7111:Nuclear power 7109: 7105: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7085: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7022: 7019: 7018: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7006:Carbon budget 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6995: 6991: 6987: 6982: 6978: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6902: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6844: 6843:Mental health 6841: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6784:United States 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6775: 6772: 6771: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6722: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6712: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6638:deoxygenation 6636: 6634: 6633:acidification 6631: 6630: 6629: 6626: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6612: 6609: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6561: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6542: 6538: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6464: 6461: 6454: 6450: 6436: 6433: 6429: 6428:from wetlands 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6388:Deforestation 6386: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6367: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6340: 6335: 6331: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6272: 6267: 6265: 6260: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6249: 6243: 6240: 6237: 6232: 6228: 6227: 6217: 6211: 6207: 6206: 6200: 6196: 6190: 6186: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6142: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6113:Harvey, Fiona 6108: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6078: 6076: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6044: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6013: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5982: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5940: 5936: 5930: 5914: 5910: 5906: 5899: 5883: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5848: 5841: 5834: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5805: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5781: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5751: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5706: 5702: 5701:Climate Focus 5695: 5689: 5687: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5596: 5585: 5581: 5574: 5568: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5524: 5517: 5514:OECD (2015). 5510: 5502: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5461: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5431: 5415: 5411: 5404: 5389: 5385: 5384:"2021 Report" 5379: 5371: 5364: 5358: 5343: 5336: 5330: 5328: 5311: 5304: 5302: 5294: 5289: 5283: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5220: 5204: 5200: 5199: 5194: 5190: 5189:Mooney, Chris 5184: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5118: 5114: 5113:Höhne, Niklas 5110: 5109:Rogelj, Joeri 5104: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5040: 5038: 5033: 5026: 5022: 5017: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4966: 4947: 4943: 4936: 4930: 4922: 4916: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4877: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4813:(8): 083006. 4812: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4762: 4746: 4743:(in French). 4742: 4738: 4731: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4698: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4643: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4619: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4584: 4578: 4571: 4565: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4529: 4528: 4520: 4501: 4494: 4493: 4485: 4479: 4474: 4465: 4459: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4430: 4425: 4419: 4414: 4408: 4403: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4361: 4354: 4353: 4345: 4343: 4336: 4331: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4275: 4273: 4253: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4233: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4204: 4202: 4193: 4187: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4162: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4085: 4078: 4071: 4052: 4048: 4041: 4034: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4001: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3937: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3875: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3824: 3805: 3798: 3797: 3789: 3770: 3763: 3762: 3754: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3704: 3697: 3696: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3551: 3539: 3532: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3484: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3448: 3440: 3433: 3425: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3401: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3285: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3224: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3138: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3112: 3105: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3074: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3043: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3024: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2994: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2944: 2940: 2934: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2911: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2864: 2862: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2830: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2769: 2763:Article 21(1) 2760: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2705: 2701: 2700: 2692: 2686: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2656: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2592: 2585: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2554: 2552: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2515: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2456:Harvey, Fiona 2451: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2361: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2331: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2301: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2270: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2239: 2231: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2212: 2196: 2192: 2186: 2178: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2139: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2108: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2077: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2024: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1992: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1962: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1929: 1927: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1895: 1893: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1860: 1844: 1840: 1833: 1831: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1799: 1791: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1765: 1763: 1743: 1736: 1730: 1728: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1691: 1689: 1687: 1685: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1642: 1638: 1632: 1630: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1617: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1578: 1574: 1568: 1563: 1560: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1545:France portal 1535: 1532: 1526: 1521: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1490:Narendra Modi 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1465: 1462: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1436: 1426: 1424: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1381: 1371: 1367: 1365: 1360: 1354: 1352: 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