1779:
correctional workers. Outsourcing prison services to private companies has allowed for costs to be cut in half. Compared with $ 270 a day in a government-run West
Australian jail, each prisoner in the privately operated Acacia facility near Perth costs the taxpayer $ 182. Glushko also says that positive prisoner treatment was observed during privatisation in Australia by including more respectful attitudes to prisoners and mentoring schemes, increased out-of-cell time and more purposeful activities. As Australia’s prison population has grown and existing facilities have aged, public-private partnerships have provided opportunities to build new correctional centers while enabling governments to defer much needed cash flow. Glushko points out that at
2507:(CSI), an arm of the state justice department. Prisoners sew national and state flags and ambulance flags, and paint boomerangs. CSI said in 2017 that 84.9% of NSW inmates who can work, do so. In 2017, NSW prisoners were paid from $ 24.60 to $ 70.55 for a 30-hour work week. This is about $ 0.82 to $ 2.35 per hour, compared to the Australian minimum wage of $ 17.70 per hour. CSI made $ 113 million revenue and $ 46.6 million profit in 2016. CSI said that prison work helped prisoners pass time, and that 1% of their sales went to the Victims Compensation Levy (a government compensation fund for crime victims).
115:. In the June quarter of 2018, there were 42,855 people imprisoned in Australia, which represents an incarceration rate of 222 prisoners per 100,000 adult population, or 172 per 100,000 total population. This represents a sharp increase from previous decades. In 2016-2017 the prison population was not representative of the Australian population, for example, 91% of prisoners were male, while males were only half of the population, and 27% of prisoners were Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islanders, while Indigenous people were only 2.8% of the population. In 2018, 18.4% of prisoners in Australia were held in
1668:
31:
2639:) as well as other figures, said community correctional orders are argued to be significantly cheaper than the cost of private or public incarceration (roughly 10% of the cost of putting people behind bars), "16 per cent of offenders who completed a CCO returned to corrective services within two years" compared to the nearing 50% in traditional prisons. Community-correctional orders CCOs are increasingly commonplace in Victoria and show that crime rates can be meaningfully affected.
7933:
2690:
1792:
examples in
Queensland and Victoria. Western Australia provided much information about the running of private prisons in the state to the public, making it easier to assess performance. However the authors note that in spite of this, overall it is difficult to compare the performance and costs of private and public prisons as they often house different kinds and numbers of prisoners, in different states with different regulations. They note that
217:
7945:
2540:
per week. The mining union United Voice said that this was akin to "slave labour", that these workers were undercutting other workers, and that if anyone is working in the mines they should be paid at a market rate. Territory
Correctional Services Minister John Elferink said the work provided inmates with valuable work experience, because otherwise they would be sitting in a "concrete box".
1163:, a project called Maranguka Justice Reinvestment has police officers meeting with local Indigenous leaders each day, helping to identify at-risk youth, and includes giving free driving lessons to young people. There have been reductions in domestic violence and juvenile offending (such as driving without a license), and an increase in school retention. Project Walwaay in
1147:(ALRC) in October 2016 to examine the factors leading to the disproportionate numbers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australian prisons, and to look at ways of reforming legislation which might ameliorate this "national tragedy". The result of this in-depth enquiry was a report titled
2539:
In 2013, NT prisoners were working at a salt mine in remote center of the NT. The prisoners earned about $ 16 per hour, compared to $ 35 for a regular union employee. 5% of earnings went to the
Victims Compensation Fund and some funds were deducted for board, and the prisoners had $ 60 spending money
2244:
From 1989-1991 until now, people aged 25–39 have been overall the most represented group in police deaths, followed by people aged under 25, then 40-54 year olds, then people aged 55+. However, as noted above, in 2013-2015 the majority of deaths were people aged over 40. Furthermore from 1989-1990 to
1167:
sees an
Aboriginal youth team help to build relationships and engage young people in activities on a Friday night, which is now the second lowest day of crime, compared with being the busiest day before. The activities are also a pathway to the Indigenous Police Recruitment Delivery Our Way (IPROWD),
1044:
In the 30 years from 1988 to 2018, Australia's incarceration rate per 100,000 adults more than doubled. However, since 2018 it has decreased. The highest rate of increase was seen among prisoners on remand (ie: unsentenced, awaiting trial or sentencing), women and
Indigenous Australians. From 2012 to
2327:
In 1979-1980, there were only 15 deaths in prison custody. This increased until in 1997-1998 there were 80 deaths in prison custody. Deaths then decreased sharply to 28 in 2005-2006, before rising again to 54 in 2013-2014 and 61 in 2014-2015. In the late 1990s there was a large disparity between the
1769:
In June 2018, an investigation by the ABC revealed high rates of inmate violence, prison guard brutality and overcrowding at Arthur Gorrie
Correctional Centre in Queensland. At that time, the contract for the prison was up for tender. In 2016, the rate of prisoner assault at the prison was more than
349:
Convicts in the 19th century were subject to forced hard labour, such as quarrying sandstone. William
Ulthorne, an English Catholic Bishop described convict labourers in the 1830s: “They are fettered with heavy chains, harassed with heavy work, and fed on salt meat and coarse bread, Their faces are
1791:
found that in general, all states of
Australia lacked a comprehensive approach to hold private prisons accountable to the government. The authors said that of all the states, Western Australia had the "most developed regulatory approach" to private prison accountability, as they had learnt from the
2135:
In 2013-2015, there were 149 deaths in custody in
Australia, the majority occurred in prison while a minority occurred in police custody. The majority of prisoners who died in prison and police custody were male, over 40 years of age and non-Indigenous. For deaths in immigration detention, see the
1778:
A 2016 article by Anastasia Glushko (a former worker in the private prison sector) argues in favour of privately operated prisons in Australia. According to Glushko, private prisons in Australia have decreased the costs of holding prisoners and increased positive relationships between inmates and
2535:
said "we have been told numerous times that the products that are made by NTCI are sold at a competitive price in the open market. But you're not paying all the overheads of employing people; you're not paying superannuation, you're not paying insurance, you're not paying payroll tax, you're not
1644:
However, these rates are not age-standardised, meaning they do not account for the fact that different groups tend to be younger or older on average. This matters, because teenagers and young adults are much more likely to commit crime than older adults. For instance the Sudanese-born population
401:(ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty outlining the obligations of its parties to respect and promote the civil and political rights of individuals. Article 6 of the ICCPR states the death penalty may only be used in countries that have not abolished capital punishment for the severest of crimes. The
1088:
In 2021 the female imprisoned population in Australia was 7.7% of the total adults who are incarcerated. The percentage of the total female prison population rose from 7.2% of the population in 2000 to 12.8% in 2021 (from 1,385 to 3,302 per 100,000), based on the national population (with these
2229:
From 2008-2018, 56% of Indigenous people who died in custody had not been found guilty. They were on remand, died while fleeing police or during arrest, or were in protective custody. A majority were suspected of non-indictable offences, which typically carry sentences of less than five years.
1393:
As of June 2022, the Northern Territory had by the country's highest incarceration rate at 1,027 per 100,000 adult population, which is over five times the incarceration rate of the country overall and an increase from 2017, when the territory's incarceration rate was 878 per 100,000. With the
408:
In Australia the second optional protocol to the ICCPR has been signed and ratified into domestic law. This is seen through the Crimes Legislation Amendment (Torture Prohibition and Death Penalty Abolition) Act 2010. The act fully abolished the death penalty and effectively ensured no state or
1663:
is of indeterminate length. The sentencing judge usually sets a non-parole period after which the prisoner can apply for release under parole conditions, or in the case of a criminal who has committed particularly heinous crimes, the sentencing judge may order that the person is "never to be
2514:
were assembling computers. The identity of the company using this labour was unknown, but CSI overseer Jasvinder Oberai said that the program provided inmates with work experience, that PC parts came from government donations and the assembled PCs were given back to government departments.
449:
As of August 2020, the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children reports that "Prohibition is still to be achieved in the home in all states/territories and in alternative care settings, day care, schools and penal institutions in some states/territories".
2536:
paying all those expenses associated with employing someone and that is a big saving." The NT Corrections Commissioner Mark Payne denied that prison labour is competing with local businesses, and that if they think they are competing, they stop doing that work.
1783:
in Victoria, the operator is compensated on the basis of the recidivism rate, and this strategy may make the operator more concerned about the wellbeing of its inmates after prison which in return would benefit the entire Australian correctional system.
2127:, against 26 former child detainees. The alleged crimes span from recent years back to the 1970s. In September 2021, it was announced that Ashley Youth Detention Centre would close within three years, and be replaced by two new facilities.
461:
Each state and territory runs its own department to oversee correctional services; for example the South Australian Department for Correctional Services is responsible for prisoners and the provision of the rehabilitation opportunities in
95:
had their own traditional punishments, some of which are still practised. The most severe punishment by law which can be imposed in Australia is life imprisonment. In the most extreme cases of murder, and some severe sex offences, such as
1525:
Federal prisoners are persons sentenced under commonwealth (federal) law, or transferred from another country to serve their sentence in Australia. In June 2022 there were 1,390 federal prisoners serving sentences in Australia.
2108:
1095:, founder of Sisters Inside, is a well-known advocate for prison reform for female prisoners, who has noted several ways in which the current criminal justice system has failed in its mission to punish and rehabilitate women.
5735:
3029:
2646:
also found that in the short term, for a certain kind of prisoner (comprising roughly 15% of prisoners in Victoria), dealing with them via community corrections orders had similar outcomes to prison but was 9 times cheaper.
4467:
2588:
In the June 2018, there were 69,397 people in community corrections, an increase of 1,406 (4%) from June 2017. 55,867 (81%) were male and all of the remainder were female (Australia allows people to legally register as
402:
2022:
decided to investigate the matter. Calls to increase the minimum age have increased in recent years. Doctors, lawyers, and a range of experts have called for the minimum age to be raised to 14. Among other bodies, the
2530:
In 2015, NTCI made $ 20 revenue and $ 2 million profit. In 2016, concerns were raised that prison labour in the NT was competing unfairly with private businesses and taking jobs away from free people. NT lawmaker
1073:. In addition, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women and women with disabilities are disproportionately represented in the statistics. Until amendments to legislation were introduced in 2020, many women in
2122:
by former child detainees. One former worker was accused of abusing 11 children over the course of 3 decades. Another former staff member was accused of using sexual violence and intimidation, including forced
149:. It has been stated the different purposes make little practical difference between immigration detention and imprisonment, and that detainees often experience immigration detention as if it were punishment.
2221:
in 1987, which delivered its report in 1991. However, in general there has been a lack of action on reports into deaths, including a failure to implement the recommendations of the 1987 royal commission, and
5059:
4600:
5685:
2524:
1155:
on 28 March 2018. The report listed 13 recommendations, covering many aspects of the legal framework and police and justice procedures, including that fine default should not result in the imprisonment.
2257:. The rate of deaths per 100,000 prisoners was 0.16 for sentenced prisoners (ie prisoners who were convicted and serving a sentence) and 0.18 for unsentenced prisoners (ie: in prison awaiting trial).
1491:
The Australia Bureau of Statistics classifies prisoners (sentenced and unsentenced) according to the "most serious" crime with which they are charged. In 2022, statistics for charges were as follows:
1534:
Overall, foreign-born people are less likely to be imprisoned than people born in Australia. In 2017, foreign-born people were 35% of the adult population, but only 18% of the prison population.
3178:
2451:
From 2000-2018 there have been dozens of deaths in immigration detention, many from suicide. Additionally, some people have died after being released, for reasons connected with being detained.
5713:
4688:
4725:
1128:
population in Australia aged 18 years and over was approximately 2%, while Indigenous prisoners accounted for 32 percent of the adult prison population. As of August 2022, 40 per cent of
2034:
voted to increase the age of criminal responsibility to 14 in line with UN standards, a move welcomed by Indigenous advocates. The support is in principle only, and dependent upon the
394:
The various states and territories all formally legally abolished capital punishment in their laws, with the first being Queensland in 1922 and the last being New South Wales in 1985.
4582:
1721:
5727:
282:, as the founding site for British colonisation Australia in 1788, has had prisons for as long as Australia has had European settlement. The first Australian colony was founded at
6597:
4475:
3409:
2504:
7540:
5519:
5636:
5033:
1172:
NSW, which encourages young people to become police officers. This was first run in Dubbo in 2008 and has now been expanded to other locations across the state. Since 2021,
2107:, then a minor, had his face covered with a spit hood and was strapped into a mechanical restraint chair for 2 hours. As a result the Australian government established the
2596:
In June 2013 there were 57,354 people in community corrections. From 2013 to 2018, females serving community corrections orders increased by 40% compared to males by 26%.
5158:
2217:
Indigenous Australians are highly over-represented among deaths in custody, they were only 3.2% of the general population in 2021. This led the government to establish a
6609:
6579:
438:, dated to the early 19th century, is written from the perspective of a convict wanting to take revenge on those who flogged him. The last men flogged in Australia were
5785:
4437:
5907:
5264:
5183:
2553:
Community Corrections is the term used for various punishments and court orders in Australia that do not involve prison time. Types of community corrections include:
3205:
1385:†Note that Indigenous Australians make up 25% of the Northern Territory's population, compared to under 5% in all other states and territories, and 2.8% nationally.
5347:
5067:
4205:
4179:
3490:
100:, courts in the states and territories can impose life imprisonment without parole, thus ordering the convicted person to spend the rest of their life in prison.
2238:
Of the 34 deaths that occurred in police custody in 2013-2015, 50% resulted from gunshot wounds. Of those, 13 were police shootings while 4 were self-inflicted.
5500:
7388:
6408:
4972:
6323:
398:
4896:
1045:
2017 the number of people in prison on remand grew 87 percent. This might be due to more people being refused bail, and a backlog of cases in the courts.
6711:
4024:
3863:
3130:
1192:
According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, as of June 2022, the number of adult prisoners according to each state and territory were as follows:
6621:
6549:
6144:
2218:
405:
to the ICCPR was created as an accompaniment to the ICCPR and altered Article 6 to ensure the abolishment of the death penalty in all cases worldwide.
177:
Singing - an elder sings, which is believed to call evil spirits/misfortune upon the offender. There are reports of this happening as recently as 2016.
6047:
5703:
3231:
2018:
is 10 years old, meaning children under 10 cannot be charged with a crime. In 2018, law experts called for the age to be raised to 16 and the various
6534:
1394:
exception of the Northern Territory and Queensland, all other states and territories saw a decrease in incarceration rate over the same time period.
5393:
2975:
6696:
2459:
Prisoners in Australia are expected to work while in custody. Inmates typically earn between $ 0.80 and $ 3.00 per hour. No prison worker is paid
6514:
6499:
4806:
4049:
5838:
5289:
2328:
rate of death (per 100,000 prisoners) for sentenced and unsentenced prisoners, peaking at 1.18 for unsentenced prisoners to 0.28 for sentenced.
6652:
3917:
3888:
4548:
6539:
6504:
4632:
3837:
5372:
3000:
6779:
6686:
6091:
4762:
3276:
2579:- where a person is found guilty, but does not get a criminal record provided they go for a certain period without committing another crime
2446:
2086:
2005:
453:
Corporal punishment of school children is legally banned in public schools nationwide, but remains legal in private schools in Queensland.
7948:
7520:
6509:
5610:
3584:
2957:
2015:
2009:
1041:
In June 2022, there were 40,591 people imprisoned in Australia, and an incarceration rate of 201 prisoners per 100,000 adult population.
130:
5660:
4661:
3164:
317:. Both were abandoned shortly after. Later, after a free settlement had been established, some convicts were transported to the region.
7562:
6774:
6529:
6401:
6328:
5225:
137:, pending their deportation and to prevent them from entering the Australian community. Controversially this includes the detention of
5547:
4411:
103:
Prisons in Australia are operated by state-based correctional services departments, for the detention of minimum, medium, maximum and
7641:
7423:
6662:
6519:
5477:
2920:
1796:, sometimes held up as an example of how private prisons can be well run, cannot serve as a general example of prison privatisation.
5869:
5416:
1761:
As of November 2018, there were no private prisons located in Tasmania, the Northern Territory or the Australian Capital Territory.
1077:
were imprisoned for non-payment of fines. The amendments were partly the result of recommendations of the coronial inquest into the
5653:
4727:
Pathways to Justice – Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: Final report (ALRC 133)
234:
5750:
5580:
3699:
3257:
1120:
In 2017, Indigenous people were over 15 times more likely than non-Indigenous people to be imprisoned. As of June 2022, the total
7712:
6812:
6006:
4153:
4127:
4101:
4075:
3063:
1972:
346:
was sentenced in 2007 to 24 years in prison for murder on Norfolk Island, the absence of prisons meant he was imprisoned in NSW.
4382:
3464:
3308:
7837:
6657:
5208:
134:
5316:
5143:
5114:
6394:
6333:
6308:
5775:
5290:"Criminal responsibility age to be raised from 10 to 14 if ACT Labor re-elected, after Government endorses reform - ABC News"
4735:
4698:
4690:
Pathways to Justice – Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (ALRC 133 Summary)
1114:
163:
2479:
In Victoria prisoners fabricate metal and make timber products. Both male and female inmates also pack airline headsets for
353:
Additionally, there was the punishment of young children. John Hudson was reportedly only nine years old when sentenced for
7851:
6524:
6298:
3998:
3969:
3943:
3434:
2096:
1979:
was revoked as a result of higher levels of assaults, with Queensland Corrective Services taking over control in July 2021.
6185:
4993:
3077:
2241:
7 of the 34 occurred during motor vehicle pursuits, while 6 occurred in sieges and 2 in raids. 10 were listed as "other".
7936:
7351:
6492:
6313:
6293:
5888:
5377:
4640:
4556:
2643:
2092:
1883:
1181:
339:
5816:
4763:"Three projects linking Aboriginal communities and police that are helping to stop more Indigenous people going to jail"
2624:
In 2016-2017 financial year, Australia spent $ 500 million ($ 0.5 billion) Australian dollars on community corrections.
2245:
2014-2015, the overall most common situation for deaths in police custody to occur, was during a motor vehicle pursuit.
7970:
7916:
7795:
6589:
6246:
4875:
2024:
1733:
146:
6554:
4341:
4315:
4289:
1645:
tends to be much younger on average, and this can help to explain their over-representation in the prison population.
1159:
Various programs in New South Wales have been having a positive effect on keeping Indigenous people out of prison. In
7886:
7737:
7462:
7280:
7228:
6134:
6114:
5447:
4850:
3382:
1966:
1744:
1069:
and assault. The majority are jailed for relatively minor, non-violent crimes which are often related to poverty and
256:
4712:
3805:
3673:
7446:
6584:
6236:
6084:
6024:
4942:
4749:
2940:
2511:
1956:
1740:
won the bid to take over the prison. In 2012 Borallon closed. In 2016 it reopened as a government-operated prison.
1144:
1104:
388:
4523:
7975:
7900:
7893:
7625:
7237:
6629:
6615:
6603:
6441:
6149:
4605:
4471:
2925:
2100:
1177:
1152:
422:
370:
3554:
342:), the site of two penal colonies from 1788–1814 and 1824-1856, has no prisons at all in the 21st century. When
7816:
6769:
6466:
6359:
6303:
6241:
5034:"Prison Privatisation in Australia: The State of the Nation. Accountability, Costs, Performance and Efficiency"
1654:
1140:
238:
4828:
391:, abolishing the death penalty amongst federal law however not prohibiting its use in state or territory law.
7360:
6221:
5799:
2834:
was a soap opera which ran from 1979 until 1986 and depicted life in a fictional women's prison in Australia.
2115:
2019:
1952:
1799:
Additionally, community corrections orders have been argued to be cheaper and equally as effective as public
1486:
1716:
Modern prison privatisation began in the U.S. and Australia followed shortly thereafter. On 2 January 1990,
7604:
6634:
6436:
6417:
6318:
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6226:
6124:
2464:
2223:
2212:
2031:
1946:
1717:
1684:
1108:
1082:
329:
49:
23:
4468:"Parliament passes comprehensive reform package to WA's fine enforcement regime [media statement]"
4234:
1180:, in a bid to connect Indigenous inmates with their culture, and reduce reoffending and the high rates of
1149:
Pathways to Justice – Inquiry into the Incarceration Rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
6805:
6722:
6701:
6077:
3099:
2632:
2070:
In the year ending 30 June 2020, there were almost 600 children aged 10 to 13 in detention in Australia.
2027:
has submitted a report to the Council of Attorneys-General Age of Criminal Responsibility Working Group.
1875:
343:
5016:
1754:
In 1993, New South Wales became the second Australian state to privatise prisons after Queensland, when
7802:
7781:
7409:
7296:
6864:
6716:
6691:
6667:
6544:
6262:
6195:
6139:
6129:
5417:"Ashley Youth Detention Centre in Tasmania's north to close down and be replaced by two new facilities"
5159:"Ten-year-olds do not belong in detention. Why Australia must raise the age of criminal responsibility"
2935:
2672:
1860:
167:
4601:"4517.0: Prisoners in Australia, 2018: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Prisoner Characteristics"
1113:
From 2008 to 2017 there was an increase in the rate of Indigenous people imprisoned, from 1.8% of the
1053:
In 2017 males made up 91.9% of prisoners, despite males only being roughly half the adult population.
7687:
7597:
7555:
6482:
6446:
6375:
6267:
4463:
3627:
1894:
1755:
1070:
418:
97:
88:
3779:"No. 130 Imprisonment in Australia: Trends in Prison Populations & Imprisonment Rates 1982–1998"
1720:
opened as the first private prison in Australia, located in Queensland. Borallon was managed by the
7648:
7092:
6898:
6706:
6571:
5987:
4560:
3303:
2910:
2900:
2873:
2468:
439:
5935:"How much does prison really cost? Comparing the costs of imprisonment with community corrections"
7907:
7830:
7583:
7395:
6967:
6749:
6670:
6487:
6216:
3315:
3004:
2800:
1160:
435:
227:
3602:
2854:
is a drama series which depicts the lives of Australian criminals, including many prison scenes.
174:
Spearing - a corporal punishment where someone is pierced with a spear, often through their leg.
7823:
7513:
7221:
7194:
7067:
6919:
6798:
6764:
6451:
6231:
6170:
2850:
2616:
Please note that people may receive two or more different corrections orders at the same time.
2035:
1125:
1121:
108:
92:
3588:
3330:
7809:
7760:
7611:
7381:
6349:
5632:
5394:"Inquiry told 55 workers at controversial youth detention centre were alleged sexual abusers"
4851:"Fact check: Do Sudanese people account for only 1 per cent of crimes committed in Victoria?"
3525:
3374:
2838:
1729:
291:
270:
4524:"Debbie Kilroy's friend was murdered in front of her in jail. Now she's freeing other women"
3509:
7726:
7485:
7374:
7046:
3299:
2830:
2773:
2053:
On an average night in June 2019, there were 949 minors imprisoned in Australia. Of these:
1963:
until 2018 when it came back into public hands. Now a women's drug rehabilitation facility.
1830:
1788:
1695:
1061:
The number of female prisoners in Australia rose 47% between 2009 and 2019. They are often
314:
274:
199:
5265:"Australian Capital Territory votes to raise age of criminal responsibility from 10 to 14"
2869:
is a 1980 prison film written by former prisoner Bob Jewson, based on his own experiences.
446:, Victoria on 1 April 1958 (technically William was flogged second, and so was the last).
166:- had their own traditional punishments which they carried out on people who broke tribal
8:
7662:
7402:
6728:
2905:
2805:
2666:
2628:
2483:. Other jobs for female prisoners include sewing Australian flags and making bed linen.
1917:
1902:
1868:
1845:
1748:
1537:
The incarceration rate differed depending on country of birth. People born in Australia,
431:
384:
80:
3179:"Census of Population and Housing: Reflecting Australia - Stories from the Census, 2016"
2109:
Royal Commission into the Protection and Detention of Children in the Northern Territory
1667:
7874:
7774:
7767:
7669:
7432:
6981:
6974:
6912:
6754:
6190:
6100:
5588:
5555:
5520:"More than half of 147 Indigenous people who died in custody had not been found guilty"
3778:
3346:
2895:
2768:
2748:
2562:
2074:
2001:
1725:
1581:
all had incarceration rates higher than the national average. Meanwhile people born in
1482:
380:
325:
185:
126:, Australia spent $ 3.1 billion on prisons and $ 0.5 billion on community corrections.
112:
69:
45:
19:
5968:
5348:"Quick Facts: The age of criminal responsibility in Australia and youth incarceration"
5060:"Media Statements - WA's first rehab prison to open as Wandoo returns to public hands"
3628:"Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
7867:
7844:
7633:
7618:
7590:
7576:
7289:
7152:
6850:
6175:
6165:
6119:
6058:
5942:
5760:
4731:
4694:
4438:"Sisters Inside: How Debbie Kilroy went from prisoner to protector of women's rights"
3378:
3350:
3294:
2930:
2915:
2790:
2785:
2738:
2599:
In June 2006, there were 52,212 persons in community-based corrections in Australia.
2467:. Prison workers are not legally considered workers, and as such are not entitled to
2050:
article, around 600 children under 14 are locked up in Australian prisons each year.
1660:
1129:
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65:
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87:
occurs in Australia, with prisoners involved in many types of paid work. Before the
7788:
7753:
7499:
7478:
7367:
7326:
7016:
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5499:
Davidson, Helen; Allam, Lorena; Wahlquist, Calla; Evershed, Nick (30 August 2018).
3370:
3338:
2865:
2842:
is a drama that started broadcasting in 2013. It is a contemporary re-imagining of
2816:
Many films and television shows have depicted the punishment of early convicts and
2718:
2694:
1909:
1780:
1672:
1062:
443:
35:
4497:
1803:
private incarceration. See the section on community corrections for more details.
30:
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463:
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For extremely high-risk offenders, Australia operates several supermax prisons.
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7180:
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6386:
3700:"Are teachers still hitting students? Because it's still legal in some schools"
3342:
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2728:
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2557:
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2261:
Deaths in prison custody in Australia, 2013-2015, by sentence status and cause
1173:
335:
295:
198:
Death - this could be either directly through execution, or indirectly through
138:
123:
116:
5501:"'People will continue to die': coroners' 'deaths in custody' reports ignored"
2602:
In June 2018 most common type of community corrections orders were, in order:
56:, as well as community corrections (various non-custodial punishments such as
7964:
7492:
7212:
7201:
7002:
6062:
5946:
4633:"Yarning circles in NSW prisons aim to reduce Indigenous incarceration rates"
3723:
Services, D. F. (25 October 2017). About us. Retrieved 26 January 2018, from
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2758:
2743:
2532:
2254:
2047:
1924:
1887:
1793:
1606:
1092:
84:
76:
5548:"Police custody and custody-related operations - Crime Statistics Australia"
3491:"Prisons at breaking point but Australia is still addicted to incarceration"
2253:
7/10 prison deaths were due to natural causes, and 1/3 of those were due to
1176:
have been introduced in men's and women's prisons across NSW, starting with
1089:
figures approximately doubling if based on the national female population).
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7655:
7319:
7303:
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6821:
6431:
2753:
2590:
2124:
2104:
1949:- Australia's first private prison, currently a government operated prison.
1602:
283:
2226:
remain disproportionately high as a proportion of the general population.
1495:
Acts intended to cause injury: 10,557 individuals (26.0% of all prisoners)
383:
in Australia after he killed a prison officer whilst attempting to escape
7471:
7439:
7312:
7273:
7266:
7159:
7138:
7099:
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6836:
5934:
5870:"Corrective Services, Australia, June quarter 2018 - Summary of findings"
3724:
2817:
1634:
1598:
1574:
1566:
1538:
376:
358:
2877:
is a 1988 drama film set in a fictional Australian prison in the desert.
162:
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Indigenous people of Australia -
7259:
7187:
7023:
7009:
6995:
6960:
6857:
6354:
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2077:
had the highest rate of young people in detention on an average night.
1713:
In 2018, 18.4% of prisoners in Australia were held in private prisons.
357:
and 13 when transported to Australia. He was one of 34 children on the
299:
241: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5686:"Bed linen and boomerangs — the surprising products made by prisoners"
5455:
4662:"Incarceration rates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples"
4583:"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoner characteristics, 2017"
2689:
7120:
6069:
5908:"Call to pay convicted criminals to work to cut high recidivism rate"
5478:"Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population summary"
3562:
2335:
Deaths in prison custody in Australia, 2013-2015, by state/territory
2103:
in the Northern Territory. This included an incident where, in 2015,
1969:- Management transitioned to Queensland Corrective Services in 2020.
1594:
1586:
290:) on 26 January 1788, and marked the commencement of many decades of
61:
4829:"Prisoners in Australia, 2017 - Prisoner Characteristics - Table 22"
2114:
In 2022, a Tasmanian Government inquiry revealed that 55 workers at
216:
6875:
6843:
6733:
2495:
and doors. Female prisoners cut up used clothes to turn into rags.
1504:
427:
354:
303:
193:
180:
104:
5839:"Union says prisoners working at NT salt mine 'like slave labour'"
5518:
Wahlquist, Calla; Evershed, Nick; Allam, Lorena (29 August 2018).
5373:"The royal commission into NT youth detention has failed children"
3806:"Australian Prisoners 1990: Results of the National Prison Census"
3365:
Turnbull, S (March 2017), "Immigration Detention and Punishment",
1151:, which was received by the Attorney-General in December 2017 and
6933:
6905:
6884:
5708:
5448:"National Deaths in Custody Program - Crime Statistics Australia"
5144:"Experts back call to raise age of criminal responsibility to 16"
5089:
3652:
1626:
1558:
1546:
1542:
320:
No penal colonies were located in the areas that have now become
142:
68:
etc.). When awaiting trial, prisoners may be kept in specialised
53:
6790:
4723:
4686:
4383:"Prisoners in Australia, 2022 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
4342:"Prisoners in Australia, 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
4316:"Prisoners in Australia, 2020 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
4290:"Prisoners in Australia, 2019 | Australian Bureau of Statistics"
3367:
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice
3277:"Australia's indefinite detention of refugees illegal, UN rules"
313:
Two penal colonies were briefly founded in the area that is now
298:. Penal colonies were also founded in what is now the states of
6944:
5817:"The Northern Territory $ 20 million prison workforce business"
2733:
2701:
2480:
2206:
1747:
opened, as the second private prison in Queensland, managed by
1630:
1622:
1618:
1610:
434:, was used from 1788 up until 1958. The Australian folk ballad
287:
57:
7541:
Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted
5498:
2700:
Former Australian prisons which are now open to the public as
7858:
6891:
5115:"Southern Queensland Correctional Centre transition complete"
5017:"Doing Well and Doing Good: The Case for Privatising Prisons"
4761:
Brown, Simon Leo; Bullock, Chris; Arnold, Ann (9 July 2020).
3331:"Immigration detention vs imprisonment: Differences explored"
2492:
2447:
Immigration detention in Australia § Deaths in detention
1976:
1960:
1932:
1737:
1614:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1182:
incarceration of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
1164:
6550:
Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC)
5238:"Why Australia is facing calls to stop jailing 10-year-olds"
3678:
Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children
129:
Australia also detains non-citizens in a separate system of
3869:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. December 1999. p. 3
1638:
1554:
1550:
1169:
44:
arises when an individual has been accused or convicted of
3410:"Aboriginal Customary Laws and the Notion of 'Punishment'"
3030:"Cop sees the sense in lashing out as corporal punishment"
1388:
1196:
Adult Prisoner Statistics Per State/Territory (June 2022)
350:
awful to behold, and their existence one of desperation.”
6622:
Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC)
2491:
In Queensland inmates make tents, chairs, coffee tables,
1853:
1838:
1641:
had incarceration rates lower than the national average.
1187:
6025:"Apprehended Violence Orders (AVOs) - Domestic Violence"
2885:
is a 2002 heist film partly set in an Australian prison.
2523:
In the Northern Territory, prison labour is overseen by
2066:
53% were Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander youth.
5581:"Deaths in prison custody - Crime Statistics Australia"
4853:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6 September 2018
4412:"Australia's booming prison population in three charts"
5517:
3603:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
387:. A few years later the Federal Parliament passed the
5811:
5809:
5704:"In Victoria's prisons, women pay for men's violence"
5587:. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from
5554:. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from
5454:. Australian Institute of Criminology. Archived from
5209:"Review of the age of criminal responsibility (2020)"
157:
6048:"NSW Inmate Census 2018: Summary of Characteristics"
5876:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 6 September 2018.
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5317:"ACT agrees to raise age of criminal responsibility"
4973:"Borallon prison re-opens as 'training centre' jail"
4005:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 21 September 2006
3976:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 22 September 2005
3950:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 23 September 2004
2669:
cars used in offences, confiscating contraband) etc.
399:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
6712:
Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity
5414:
5022:. Vol. 32, no. 1. Policy. pp. 19–23.
4996:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 20 June 2018
4589:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 8 December 2017.
4418:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 14 June 2017
4241:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 11 December 2015
4082:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 10 December 2009
3895:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 20 February 2003
412:
6535:Australian Securities & Investments Commission
5889:"Australian passports to have third gender option"
5886:
5831:
5806:
4831:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 8 December 2017
4760:
4724:Australian Law Reform Commission (December 2017).
4687:Australian Law Reform Commission (December 2017).
4134:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 8 December 2011
4108:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 9 December 2010
3924:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 22 January 2004
3024:
3022:
2503:In New South Wales, prisoner work is organised by
2440:
2219:Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
2099:report which revealed abuse of youth occurring at
1498:Sexual assault and related offences: 6,446 (15.9%)
1398:Incarceration Rate by State/Territory (June 2022)
364:
5667:
3815:. Australian Institute of Criminology. p. 17
3653:"Australian Folk Songs - Jim Jones at Botany Bay"
3287:
1648:
1513:Offences against justice procedures: 2,891 (7.1%)
7962:
7881:United Kingdom and British overseas territories
6697:Australian Customs and Border Protection Service
6515:Australian Competition & Consumer Commission
6416:
4994:"Inside Australia's 'powder keg' private prison"
3797:
3785:. Australian Institute of Criminology. p. 3
3064:"Tribal punishment, customary law & payback"
6057:(47). NSW Government. Corrective Services NSW.
4160:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2 April 2013
3844:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 12 June 2001
3804:Walker, John; Hallinan, Jennifer (April 1991).
3100:"Highest to Lowest - Prison Incarceration Rate"
3019:
3003:. National Library of Australia. Archived from
2650:
2030:In August 2020 the Legislative Assembly of the
1983:
190:Compensation - such as by adoption or marriage.
141:, including children, while their claims to be
6653:Australian Defence Force Investigative Service
4943:"Borallon to stay shut despite prisoner surge"
4870:
4868:
3803:
3507:
6806:
6540:Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
6505:Australian Communications and Media Authority
6402:
6085:
5391:
4966:
4964:
4730:. Commonwealth of Australia. pp. 1–524.
4549:"Prisoners in Australia by Indigenous status"
4406:
4404:
4030:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. March 2007
3358:
2136:section on immigration detention facilities.
419:Flagellation § Australian penal colonies
147:detained indefinitely without charge or trial
145:are determined. Non-citizens can be lawfully
6687:Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
5776:"What tops the grocery list of NSW inmates?"
5575:
5573:
5346:Creek, Simon; Nims, Siobhan (30 July 2020).
4988:
4986:
4693:. Commonwealth of Australia. pp. 1–42.
3912:
3910:
3832:
3830:
3777:Carach, Carlos; Grant, Anna (October 1999).
3258:"All children to be off Nauru by year's end"
3200:
3198:
3196:
3136:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. June 1998
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
2970:
2968:
2207:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander deaths
2087:Juvenile detention in the Northern Territory
2080:
2006:Juvenile detention in the Northern Territory
6598:Independent Commissioner Against Corruption
6510:Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission
5749:Linnane, Damien (host) (7 September 2021).
4897:"Successful Qld prison tenderers announced"
4865:
3776:
3322:
3167:. Productivity Commission. 25 January 2018.
2958:Australian immigration detention facilities
2675:(a type of injunction or restraining order)
2016:age of criminal responsibility in Australia
2010:Age of criminal responsibility in Australia
430:(also called whipping, lashing), a form of
423:School corporal punishment § Australia
7563:International Network of Prison Ministries
6813:
6799:
6530:Australian Prudential Regulation Authority
6409:
6395:
6092:
6078:
6046:Corben, Simon; Tang, Helen (August 2019).
6045:
5905:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5138:
5136:
4961:
4430:
4401:
3668:
3666:
3526:"Ronald Ryan - Australia's last execution"
3465:"McNeill to appeal evidence admissibility"
3250:
3171:
2642:Additionally, a June 2018 report from the
2525:Northern Territory Correctional Industries
2140:Deaths in custody in Australia, 2013-2015
2060:83% were aged 10–17 (the remainder 18–20);
6663:Royal Australian Corps of Military Police
6610:Independent Commission Against Corruption
6580:Independent Commission Against Corruption
6520:Australian Fisheries Management Authority
5800:"Sydney PC assembler using prison labour"
5697:
5695:
5570:
5542:
5540:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5294:ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
4983:
3907:
3827:
3772:
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3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3549:
3547:
3407:
3355:(2004) 29(5) Alternative Law Journal 228.
3193:
3114:
2965:
2921:Crime in the Australian Capital Territory
2543:
1098:
475:Prison population of Australia over time
257:Learn how and when to remove this message
7389:Mentally ill people in the United States
6004:
5887:Staff and agencies (15 September 2011).
5415:Alexandra Humphries (9 September 2021).
5058:Cabinet, Department of the Premier and.
4891:
4889:
4789:"Five takeaways from Australia's census"
4264:"Prisoners in Australia, 2017 - Summary"
4229:
4227:
3993:
3991:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3697:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3364:
3232:"Immigration detention and human rights"
2688:
2548:
2233:
2038:government being re-elected in October.
1814:Private prisons in Australia, June 2019
1689:
1666:
29:
5941:. Australian Institute of Criminology.
5853:
5773:
5603:
5314:
5156:
5133:
5014:
4921:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4521:
4462:
3663:
3274:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
2779:
1973:Southern Queensland Correctional Centre
1389:State and territory incarceration rates
164:Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders
7963:
7642:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland)
6099:
5932:
5728:"Compensation Claims whilst in Prison"
5692:
5642:from the original on 25 February 2021.
5537:
5431:
5334:
3725:http://www.corrections.sa.gov.au/about
3544:
3514:, First Fleet Fellowship Victoria Inc.
3375:10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.231
3328:
3229:
2995:
2993:
2811:
2160:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
1188:State and territory prison populations
469:
6794:
6432:Australian Capital Territory Policing
6390:
6073:
5701:
5663:from the original on 16 October 2021.
5419:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
5396:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
5262:
4970:
4940:
4886:
4769:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4258:
4256:
4224:
3988:
3729:
3390:
3268:
3223:
2976:"Managing offenders in the community"
1995:
1218:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
1115:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
456:
409:territory is able to reintroduce it.
7944:
6525:Australian Maritime Safety Authority
5176:
4922:Harding, Richard (3 November 2017).
4621:
4522:Gleeson, Hayley (15 February 2019).
3698:Matthews, Alice (12 December 2018).
3435:"Norfolk Island History and Culture"
3238:. Australian Human Rights Commission
3165:"Report on Government Services 2018"
3148:
3070:
3061:
3048:
2130:
1807:List of private prisons in Australia
1501:Illicit drug offences: 5,515 (13.6%)
239:adding citations to reliable sources
210:
6500:National Anti-Corruption Commission
5969:"Pay your fines - australia.gov.au"
5939:Aic Reports. Research Report Series
5774:Leeming, Lachlan (8 January 2018).
5738:from the original on 22 March 2021.
5716:from the original on 25 March 2021.
5613:. Monash University. September 2018
5611:"Australian Border Deaths Database"
5378:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
5057:
4928:Australian Institute of Criminology
4641:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
4557:Australian Institute of Criminology
2990:
2644:Australian Institute of Criminology
1975:- Private management contract with
1955:- Opened in 2012 on former site of
1787:Conversely, a 2016 report from the
13:
6775:Police tactical units in Australia
6590:Law Enforcement Conduct Commission
6039:
5985:
5966:
5654:"Chapter 2 : Going to Prison"
5213:Australian Human Rights Commission
4360:
4253:
3092:
2346:Percent of national prison deaths
2331:Prison deaths by state/territory:
2025:Australian Human Rights Commission
1734:Corrections Corporation of America
1703:
158:Traditional Indigenous punishments
14:
7987:
6820:
5788:from the original on 23 May 2021.
5392:Mahmood Fazal (6 February 2022).
5315:Jenkins, Keira (20 August 2020).
4903:. Fairfax Media. 4 September 2007
4809:. Australian Bureau of Statistics
4270:. Australian Bureau of Statistics
4212:. Australian Bureau of Statistics
4186:. Australian Bureau of Statistics
4056:. Australian Bureau of Statistics
3230:Dillon, Sarah (8 November 2013).
3181:. Australian Bureau of Statistics
3080:. Australian Bureau of Statistics
3001:"Capital Punishment in Australia"
2684:
2679:
2527:(NTCI) and their Advisory Panel.
2463:, and their employers do not pay
1967:Arthur Gorrie Correctional Centre
1745:Arthur Gorrie Correctional Centre
1529:
206:
7943:
7932:
7931:
6585:New South Wales Crime Commission
6237:Indigenous Australians and crime
6017:
5998:
5979:
5967:Agency, Digital Transformation.
5960:
5926:
5899:
5880:
5792:
5767:
5742:
5720:
5646:
5625:
5263:Allam, Lorena (20 August 2020).
5184:"age of criminal responsibility"
4025:"Corrective Services, Australia"
3062:Jens, Korff (23 February 2020).
2941:Health of prisoners in Australia
2512:Dawn De Loas Correctional Centre
2454:
2248:
1957:Rangeview Juvenile Remand Centre
1770:double the next highest prison.
1722:Corrections Company of Australia
1696:Supermax prison § Australia
1145:Australian Law Reform Commission
1105:Indigenous Australians and crime
413:Corporal punishment in Australia
389:Death Penalty Abolition Act 1973
215:
107:security prisoners convicted in
7713:Countries by incarceration rate
7626:Prison Fellowship International
6780:Reasonable and probable grounds
6630:Corruption and Crime Commission
6604:Crime and Corruption Commission
6564:State and Territory authorities
6442:Northern Territory Police Force
6029:www.domesticviolence.nsw.gov.au
5702:Poole, Melanie (29 July 2019).
5511:
5492:
5470:
5408:
5385:
5365:
5308:
5282:
5256:
5230:
5201:
5157:Cunneen, Chris (22 July 2020).
5150:
5107:
5094:The GEO Group Australia Pty Ltd
5082:
5051:
5026:
5008:
4934:
4915:
4843:
4821:
4799:
4781:
4754:
4717:
4680:
4654:
4631:Ormonde, Bill (8 August 2022).
4606:Australian Bureau of Statistics
4593:
4575:
4541:
4515:
4490:
4472:Government of Western Australia
4456:
4334:
4308:
4282:
4198:
4172:
4146:
4120:
4094:
4068:
4042:
4017:
3962:
3936:
3881:
3864:"Corrective Services Australia"
3856:
3717:
3691:
3645:
3620:
3595:
3587:. 29 March 2010. Archived from
3577:
3518:
3508:Cheryl Timbury (October 2015),
3501:
3483:
3457:
3427:
3131:"Corrective Services Australia"
2926:Crime in the Northern Territory
2510:In 2019, about 20 prisoners at
2441:Deaths in immigration detention
2101:Don Dale Youth Detention Centre
1516:Robbery/extortion: 2,586 (6.4%)
1178:Broken Hill Correctional Centre
1168:an 18-week program run through
371:Capital punishment in Australia
365:Capital punishment in Australia
340:external territory of Australia
226:needs additional citations for
6770:Mass surveillance in Australia
6570:Australian Capital Territory:
6467:Western Australia Police Force
6360:List of massacres in Australia
5119:Queensland Corrective Services
4924:"Private prisons in Australia"
4807:"Prisoners in Australia, 2017"
4235:"Prisoners in Australia, 2015"
4206:"Prisoners in Australia, 2014"
4180:"Prisoners in Australia, 2013"
4154:"Prisoners in Australia, 2012"
4128:"Prisoners in Australia, 2011"
4102:"Prisoners in Australia, 2010"
4076:"Prisoners in Australia, 2009"
4050:"Prisoners in Australia, 2008"
3999:"Prisoners in Australia, 2006"
3970:"Prisoners in Australia, 2005"
3944:"Prisoners in Australia, 2004"
3918:"Prisoners in Australia, 2003"
3889:"Prisoners in Australia, 2002"
3838:"Prisoners in Australia, 2000"
3078:"Prisoners in Australia, 2018"
2665:Confiscation of property (eg:
1655:Life imprisonment in Australia
1649:Life imprisonment in Australia
1207:Percent Change From June 2021
1141:Attorney-General for Australia
473:
379:was the last individual to be
1:
5841:. ABC News. 12 September 2013
5752:Broken Chains: Modern Slavery
5688:. news.com.au. 28 March 2017.
5064:www.mediastatements.wa.gov.au
4971:Moore, Tony (15 March 2016).
4767:ABC News (ABC Radio National)
2951:
2593:on some identity documents).
2505:Corrective Service Industries
2428:Australian Capital Territory
2116:Ashley Youth Detention Centre
2041:
1953:Wandoo Reintegration Facility
1487:Illicit drug use in Australia
1467:Australian Capital Territory
1364:Australian Capital Territory
131:immigration detention centres
7605:Prison Advice and Care Trust
6635:Gold Stealing Detection Unit
6437:New South Wales Police Force
6418:Law enforcement in Australia
6005:VicRoads (26 October 2018).
5819:. ABC News. 21 February 2016
5039:. University of Sydney. 2016
3585:"Death Penalty in Australia"
3408:Anonymous (18 August 2010).
3275:Doherty, Ben (17 May 2016).
2978:. New South Wales Government
2651:Other non-prison punishments
2224:Indigenous deaths in custody
2213:Aboriginal deaths in custody
2073:From June 2015 to 2019, the
1988:In 2016-17, Australia spent
1984:Cost of prisons in Australia
1947:Borallon Correctional Centre
1718:Borallon Correctional Centre
1685:list of prisons in Australia
1109:Aboriginal deaths in custody
330:Australian Capital Territory
194:Exclusion from the community
24:Law enforcement in Australia
7:
6723:Police Integrity Commission
6702:Australian Crime Commission
5986:Police, Western Australia.
5933:Morgan, A. (25 June 2018).
5802:. crn.com.au. 20 June 2019.
5015:Glushko, A. (Autumn 2016).
2889:
2633:Institute of Public Affairs
1876:Parklea Correctional Centre
1476:
34:The main cell block of old
10:
7992:
7937:Imprisonment and detention
6865:Stanford prison experiment
6717:Office of Police Integrity
6692:Australian Customs Service
6668:Royal Australian Air Force
6658:Joint Military Police Unit
6545:Australian Taxation Office
5906:Adam Carey (13 May 2018).
4876:"Privatisation of Prisons"
4553:Crime Statistics Australia
3343:10.1177/1037969X0402900505
2936:Crime in Western Australia
2693:A recreation 1855 cell in
2673:Apprehended violence order
2444:
2210:
2084:
1999:
1861:Fulham Correctional Centre
1693:
1682:
1678:
1652:
1505:Unlawful entry with intent
1480:
1102:
1056:
442:and John Henry Taylor, at
416:
368:
268:
152:
135:Department of Home Affairs
133:, operated by the federal
111:, as well as prisoners on
17:
7971:Penal system in Australia
7926:
7736:
7704:
7679:
7598:Prison abolition movement
7556:Florida Justice Institute
7532:
7336:
7251:
7211:
7130:
7077:
6952:
6943:
6874:
6828:
6742:
6679:
6645:
6563:
6483:Australian Federal Police
6475:
6447:Queensland Police Service
6424:
6368:
6342:
6286:
6255:
6209:
6158:
6107:
4941:Cowen (9 November 2013).
4880:www.parliament.nsw.gov.au
3262:The Sydney Morning Herald
3211:. Productivity Commission
2631:, citing a report by the
2275:External/multiple trauma
2081:Abuse in juvenile prisons
1895:Junee Correctional Centre
1813:
1774:Arguments for and against
1765:Violence and overcrowding
1756:Junee Correctional Centre
89:colonisation of Australia
72:or within other prisons.
7649:The Prison Phoenix Trust
7093:Administrative detention
6707:National Crime Authority
6572:ACT Integrity Commission
5992:Western Australia Police
5635:. Victorian Government.
2911:Crime in South Australia
2901:Crime in New South Wales
2874:Ghosts of the Civil Dead
2278:Alcohol and other drugs
1048:
403:Second Optional Protocol
109:state and federal courts
79:has been abolished, and
7727:Films featuring prisons
7584:Mount Tamalpais College
7238:Prisoner-of-war escapes
6968:Corrective labor colony
6760:Punishment in Australia
6750:Australian police ranks
6671:Airfield Defence Guards
6493:Maritime Border Command
6488:Australian Border Force
6055:Statistical Publication
6011:www.vicroads.vic.gov.au
3335:Alternative Law Journal
3316:High Court of Australia
3206:"8 Corrective Services"
2801:HM Prison Morwell River
2570:Community service order
436:Jim Jones at Botany Bay
50:criminal justice system
48:through the Australian
42:Punishment in Australia
7976:Punishments by country
7361:Contemplative programs
7068:Youth detention center
6920:Prisoner of conscience
6765:Terrorism in Australia
6555:Commonwealth Ombudsman
6452:South Australia Police
6108:States and territories
4949:. The Queensland Times
3236:www.humanrights.gov.au
2697:
2620:Cost and effectiveness
2544:Non-prison punishments
1941:Former private prisons
1709:History and statistics
1675:
1510:Homicide: 3,257 (8.0%)
1136:are Indigenous women.
1126:Torres Strait Islander
1099:Indigenous Australians
1083:died in police custody
93:Indigenous Australians
38:
7612:Prison-Ashram Project
6369:Crime internationally
6350:Convicts in Australia
6247:Immigration and crime
6007:"Vehicle impoundment"
5585:crimestats.aic.gov.au
5552:crimestats.aic.gov.au
5452:crimestats.aic.gov.au
3300:[2004] HCA 37
2692:
2549:Community Corrections
2469:workers' compensation
2234:Police custody deaths
2085:Further information:
2063:63% were unsentenced;
1730:Wormald International
1690:High-security prisons
1670:
1117:population to 2.43%.
440:William John O'Meally
271:Convicts in Australia
33:
7796:Ireland, Republic of
7486:Solitary confinement
7047:Prisoner-of-war camp
6616:Integrity Commission
6596:Northern Territory:
5988:"Impounded vehicles"
5973:www.australia.gov.au
5734:. 2 September 2019.
3102:. World Prison Brief
2780:Other former prisons
2774:HM Prison Beechworth
2118:had been accused of
2046:According to a 2018
1831:Mount Gambier Prison
1789:University of Sydney
1724:(which was owned by
1204:Number of Prisoners
1153:tabled in Parliament
1065:themselves, such as
275:History of Australia
235:improve this article
7663:Prison Reform Trust
6729:Commonwealth Police
6626:Western Australia:
5732:Caxton Legal Centre
5381:. 21 November 2017.
5146:. 22 November 2018.
4563:on 14 November 2018
3497:. 27 December 2019.
3439:Norfolk Online News
3066:. Creative Spirits.
2906:Crime in Queensland
2812:Cultural depictions
2806:HM Prison Pentridge
2606:Sentenced probation
2577:Non-conviction bond
2567:Good behaviour bond
2417:Northern Territory
2336:
2262:
2141:
1918:GEO Group Australia
1903:GEO Group Australia
1869:GEO Group Australia
1846:Port Phillip Prison
1822:State or territory
1749:GEO Group Australia
1459:Northern Territory
1406:Incarceration rate
1399:
1344:Northern Territory
1197:
476:
470:Number of prisoners
432:corporal punishment
375:On 3 February 1967
83:is no longer used.
81:corporal punishment
7670:WriteAPrisoner.com
7433:Protective custody
6982:Extermination camp
6913:Political prisoner
6755:Crime in Australia
6101:Crime in Australia
5659:. NSW Government.
5591:on 3 November 2018
5558:on 3 November 2018
5505:Guardian Australia
5480:. ABS. 1 July 2022
5458:on 6 November 2018
5215:. 26 February 2020
4713:Summary report PDF
4502:World Prison Brief
4478:on 26 October 2021
3565:on 5 November 2018
3329:Groves, M (2004).
3309:"judgment summary"
3264:. 1 November 2018.
3007:on 5 November 2018
2896:Crime in Australia
2769:Old Melbourne Gaol
2749:Mount Gambier Gaol
2698:
2563:Suspended sentence
2519:Northern Territory
2384:Western Australia
2334:
2260:
2139:
2075:Northern Territory
2002:Juvenile detention
1996:Youth imprisonment
1929:Western Australia
1825:Operating company
1726:John Holland Group
1676:
1609:, United Kingdom,
1483:Crime in Australia
1443:Western Australia
1397:
1304:Western Australia
1195:
474:
457:Adult imprisonment
326:Northern Territory
170:. These included:
39:
20:Crime in Australia
7958:
7957:
7894:England and Wales
7634:Prison Legal News
7619:Prison Fellowship
7577:Justice Defenders
7247:
7246:
6851:Prison healthcare
6788:
6787:
6646:Military agencies
6608:South Australia:
6576:New South Wales:
6384:
6383:
6242:Human trafficking
6232:Police misconduct
5912:www.theage.com.au
5761:City of Newcastle
5633:"Going to Prison"
5352:Welcome to Mondaq
4737:978-0-9943202-8-5
4700:978-0-9943202-9-2
4668:. 1 December 2016
4609:. 6 December 2018
3591:on 29 March 2010.
3532:. 20 January 2015
3295:Al-Kateb v Godwin
2931:Crime in Victoria
2916:Crime in Tasmania
2791:HM Prison Geelong
2786:HM Prison Fairlea
2739:HM Prison Geelong
2612:Community service
2438:
2437:
2325:
2324:
2204:
2203:
2131:Deaths in custody
2020:Attorneys General
1938:
1937:
1671:The gatehouse of
1661:life imprisonment
1521:Federal prisoners
1474:
1473:
1383:
1382:
1143:commissioned the
1075:Western Australia
1067:domestic violence
1039:
1038:
308:Western Australia
267:
266:
259:
66:community service
52:. Australia uses
7983:
7951:
7947:
7946:
7939:
7935:
7934:
7919:
7910:
7903:
7901:Northern Ireland
7896:
7889:
7882:
7877:
7870:
7861:
7854:
7847:
7840:
7833:
7826:
7819:
7812:
7805:
7798:
7791:
7784:
7777:
7770:
7763:
7756:
7749:
7729:
7722:
7715:
7697:
7690:
7672:
7665:
7658:
7651:
7644:
7637:
7628:
7621:
7614:
7607:
7600:
7593:
7586:
7579:
7572:
7565:
7558:
7551:
7544:
7523:
7516:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7465:
7458:
7449:
7442:
7435:
7426:
7419:
7412:
7405:
7398:
7391:
7384:
7377:
7370:
7363:
7354:
7347:
7329:
7322:
7315:
7306:
7299:
7292:
7283:
7276:
7269:
7262:
7240:
7231:
7224:
7204:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7169:
7162:
7155:
7148:
7141:
7123:
7116:
7109:
7107:Maximum security
7102:
7095:
7088:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7035:
7026:
7019:
7012:
7005:
6998:
6991:
6984:
6977:
6970:
6963:
6950:
6949:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6915:
6908:
6901:
6894:
6887:
6867:
6860:
6853:
6846:
6839:
6815:
6808:
6801:
6792:
6791:
6680:Defunct agencies
6476:Federal agencies
6411:
6404:
6397:
6388:
6387:
6376:Crime by country
6222:Illicit drug use
6159:Cities and towns
6094:
6087:
6080:
6071:
6070:
6066:
6052:
6033:
6032:
6021:
6015:
6014:
6002:
5996:
5995:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5930:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5884:
5878:
5877:
5866:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5846:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5826:
5824:
5813:
5804:
5803:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5781:Newcastle Herald
5771:
5765:
5764:
5746:
5740:
5739:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5699:
5690:
5689:
5682:
5665:
5664:
5658:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5618:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5598:
5596:
5577:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5563:
5544:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5496:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5444:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5424:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5343:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5301:
5296:. 20 August 2020
5286:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5275:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5244:. 21 August 2020
5234:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5205:
5199:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5163:The Conversation
5154:
5148:
5147:
5140:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5111:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5100:
5086:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5075:
5066:. Archived from
5055:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5038:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4990:
4981:
4980:
4968:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4893:
4884:
4883:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4847:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4758:
4752:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4721:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4658:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4628:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4559:. Archived from
4545:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4494:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4474:. Archived from
4466:(17 June 2020).
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4408:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4389:. 5 October 2023
4379:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4231:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4217:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4029:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:
3995:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3914:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3868:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3834:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3810:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3774:
3727:
3721:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3561:. Archived from
3551:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3537:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3471:. 31 August 2007
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3441:. Archived from
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3405:
3388:
3387:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3318:. 6 August 2004.
3313:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3202:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3161:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3135:
3127:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3059:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2972:
2719:Fremantle Prison
2695:Fremantle Prison
2635:(a conservative
2395:South Australia
2351:New South Wales
2340:State/territory
2337:
2333:
2266:Sentence status
2263:
2259:
2145:Type of custody
2142:
2138:
1991:
1910:Ravenhall Prison
1899:New South Wales
1880:New South Wales
1835:South Australia
1811:
1810:
1781:Ravenhall Prison
1673:Fremantle Prison
1435:South Australia
1411:New South Wales
1403:State/Territory
1400:
1396:
1284:South Australia
1224:New South Wales
1201:State/Territory
1198:
1194:
1132:in the state of
1063:victims of crime
477:
444:Pentridge Prison
385:Pentridge Prison
292:convict arrivals
262:
255:
251:
248:
242:
219:
211:
46:breaking the law
36:Fremantle Prison
7991:
7990:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7981:
7980:
7961:
7960:
7959:
7954:
7942:
7930:
7922:
7915:
7906:
7899:
7892:
7885:
7880:
7873:
7866:
7857:
7850:
7843:
7836:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7808:
7801:
7794:
7787:
7780:
7773:
7766:
7759:
7752:
7745:
7732:
7725:
7718:
7711:
7700:
7693:
7686:
7675:
7668:
7661:
7654:
7647:
7640:
7631:
7624:
7617:
7610:
7603:
7596:
7589:
7582:
7575:
7568:
7561:
7554:
7547:
7539:
7528:
7519:
7514:Women in prison
7512:
7505:
7498:
7491:
7484:
7477:
7470:
7461:
7454:
7445:
7438:
7431:
7422:
7417:Private prisons
7415:
7408:
7401:
7394:
7387:
7380:
7373:
7366:
7359:
7350:
7343:
7332:
7325:
7318:
7311:
7302:
7295:
7288:
7279:
7272:
7265:
7258:
7243:
7236:
7227:
7220:
7207:
7200:
7193:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7165:
7158:
7151:
7144:
7137:
7126:
7119:
7112:
7105:
7098:
7091:
7084:
7078:Security levels
7073:
7066:
7059:
7052:
7045:
7038:
7031:
7022:
7015:
7008:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6980:
6973:
6966:
6959:
6939:
6932:
6927:Prisoner of war
6925:
6918:
6911:
6904:
6897:
6890:
6883:
6870:
6863:
6856:
6849:
6842:
6835:
6824:
6819:
6789:
6784:
6738:
6675:
6641:
6559:
6471:
6462:Victoria Police
6457:Tasmania Police
6425:Police agencies
6420:
6415:
6385:
6380:
6364:
6338:
6334:Private prisons
6282:
6273:Law enforcement
6256:Law enforcement
6251:
6227:Organised crime
6205:
6154:
6103:
6098:
6050:
6042:
6040:Further reading
6037:
6036:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6003:
5999:
5984:
5980:
5965:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5931:
5927:
5917:
5915:
5904:
5900:
5885:
5881:
5868:
5867:
5854:
5844:
5842:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5822:
5820:
5815:
5814:
5807:
5798:
5797:
5793:
5772:
5768:
5748:
5747:
5743:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5700:
5693:
5684:
5683:
5668:
5656:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5639:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5616:
5614:
5609:
5608:
5604:
5594:
5592:
5579:
5578:
5571:
5561:
5559:
5546:
5545:
5538:
5528:
5526:
5516:
5512:
5497:
5493:
5483:
5481:
5476:
5475:
5471:
5461:
5459:
5446:
5445:
5432:
5422:
5420:
5413:
5409:
5399:
5397:
5390:
5386:
5371:
5370:
5366:
5356:
5354:
5344:
5335:
5325:
5323:
5313:
5309:
5299:
5297:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5273:
5271:
5261:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5218:
5216:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5192:
5190:
5182:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5155:
5151:
5142:
5141:
5134:
5124:
5122:
5113:
5112:
5108:
5098:
5096:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5073:
5071:
5056:
5052:
5042:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5019:
5013:
5009:
4999:
4997:
4992:
4991:
4984:
4969:
4962:
4952:
4950:
4939:
4935:
4920:
4916:
4906:
4904:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4874:
4873:
4866:
4856:
4854:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4812:
4810:
4805:
4804:
4800:
4795:. 27 June 2017.
4787:
4786:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4759:
4755:
4750:Full report PDF
4742:
4740:
4738:
4722:
4718:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4685:
4681:
4671:
4669:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4645:
4643:
4629:
4622:
4612:
4610:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4566:
4564:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4530:
4520:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4491:
4481:
4479:
4461:
4457:
4447:
4445:
4436:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4410:
4409:
4402:
4392:
4390:
4381:
4380:
4361:
4351:
4349:
4348:. 13 April 2022
4340:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4322:. 4 August 2021
4314:
4313:
4309:
4299:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4262:
4261:
4254:
4244:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4225:
4215:
4213:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4178:
4177:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4147:
4137:
4135:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4111:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3997:
3996:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3951:
3942:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3916:
3915:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3808:
3802:
3798:
3788:
3786:
3775:
3730:
3722:
3718:
3708:
3706:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3672:
3671:
3664:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3583:
3582:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3553:
3552:
3545:
3535:
3533:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3506:
3502:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3448:
3446:
3445:on 12 July 2012
3433:
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3414:www.alrc.gov.au
3406:
3391:
3385:
3363:
3359:
3327:
3323:
3311:
3307:
3292:
3288:
3273:
3269:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3228:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3203:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3149:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3115:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3060:
3049:
3039:
3037:
3036:. 20 March 2014
3028:
3027:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2954:
2892:
2814:
2782:
2724:Fannie Bay Gaol
2714:Boggo Road Gaol
2687:
2682:
2655:These include:
2653:
2551:
2546:
2499:New South Wales
2457:
2449:
2443:
2269:Natural causes
2251:
2236:
2215:
2209:
2133:
2120:child sex abuse
2089:
2083:
2044:
2012:
1998:
1989:
1986:
1819:Private prison
1706:
1704:Private prisons
1698:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1657:
1651:
1532:
1489:
1481:Main articles:
1479:
1391:
1213:Percent Female
1190:
1174:yarning circles
1134:New South Wales
1130:women in prison
1111:
1103:Main articles:
1101:
1079:death of Ms Dhu
1059:
1051:
720:
715:
703:
688:
605:
472:
464:South Australia
459:
425:
415:
373:
367:
322:South Australia
280:New South Wales
277:
269:Main articles:
263:
252:
246:
243:
232:
220:
209:
160:
155:
122:In the 2016-17
117:private prisons
98:aggravated rape
26:
12:
11:
5:
7989:
7979:
7978:
7973:
7956:
7955:
7953:
7952:
7940:
7927:
7924:
7923:
7921:
7920:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7904:
7897:
7890:
7878:
7871:
7864:
7863:
7862:
7848:
7841:
7834:
7827:
7820:
7813:
7806:
7799:
7792:
7785:
7778:
7771:
7764:
7757:
7750:
7742:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7723:
7716:
7708:
7706:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7691:
7688:Rehabilitation
7683:
7681:
7680:Leaving prison
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7666:
7659:
7652:
7645:
7638:
7629:
7622:
7615:
7608:
7601:
7594:
7587:
7580:
7573:
7570:Justice Action
7566:
7559:
7552:
7549:Black and Pink
7545:
7536:
7534:
7530:
7529:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7524:
7510:
7503:
7496:
7489:
7482:
7475:
7468:
7467:
7466:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7436:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7413:
7406:
7399:
7392:
7385:
7378:
7371:
7364:
7357:
7356:
7355:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7330:
7323:
7316:
7309:
7308:
7307:
7300:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7270:
7263:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7248:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7234:
7233:
7232:
7222:Prison escapes
7217:
7215:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7205:
7198:
7191:
7184:
7177:
7170:
7163:
7156:
7149:
7142:
7134:
7132:
7128:
7127:
7125:
7124:
7117:
7110:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7081:
7079:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7050:
7043:
7036:
7029:
7028:
7027:
7020:
7006:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6978:
6971:
6964:
6956:
6954:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6930:
6923:
6916:
6909:
6902:
6895:
6888:
6880:
6878:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6854:
6847:
6840:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6825:
6818:
6817:
6810:
6803:
6795:
6786:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6726:
6720:
6714:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6683:
6681:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6649:
6647:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6638:
6637:
6632:
6624:
6618:
6612:
6606:
6600:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6574:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6485:
6479:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6414:
6413:
6406:
6399:
6391:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6372:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6357:
6352:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6213:
6211:
6210:Crime dynamics
6207:
6206:
6204:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6162:
6160:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6104:
6097:
6096:
6089:
6082:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6016:
5997:
5978:
5959:
5925:
5898:
5879:
5874:www.abs.gov.au
5852:
5830:
5805:
5791:
5766:
5741:
5719:
5691:
5666:
5645:
5624:
5602:
5569:
5536:
5510:
5491:
5469:
5430:
5407:
5384:
5364:
5333:
5307:
5281:
5255:
5229:
5200:
5175:
5149:
5132:
5106:
5081:
5070:on 5 July 2018
5050:
5025:
5007:
4982:
4977:Brisbane Times
4960:
4933:
4914:
4901:Brisbane Times
4885:
4864:
4842:
4820:
4798:
4780:
4753:
4736:
4716:
4699:
4679:
4653:
4620:
4592:
4587:www.abs.gov.au
4574:
4540:
4514:
4489:
4455:
4444:. 7 March 2021
4429:
4416:www.abc.net.au
4400:
4387:www.abs.gov.au
4359:
4346:www.abs.gov.au
4333:
4320:www.abs.gov.au
4307:
4294:www.abs.gov.au
4281:
4268:www.abs.gov.au
4252:
4239:www.abs.gov.au
4223:
4210:www.abs.gov.au
4197:
4184:www.abs.gov.au
4171:
4158:www.abs.gov.au
4145:
4132:www.abs.gov.au
4119:
4106:www.abs.gov.au
4093:
4080:www.abs.gov.au
4067:
4054:www.abs.gov.au
4041:
4016:
4003:www.abs.gov.au
3987:
3974:www.abs.gov.au
3961:
3948:www.abs.gov.au
3935:
3922:www.abs.gov.au
3906:
3893:www.abs.gov.au
3880:
3855:
3842:www.abs.gov.au
3826:
3796:
3728:
3716:
3690:
3662:
3657:folkstream.com
3644:
3619:
3594:
3576:
3543:
3517:
3500:
3482:
3456:
3426:
3389:
3383:
3357:
3321:
3286:
3267:
3249:
3222:
3192:
3170:
3147:
3113:
3091:
3069:
3047:
3034:The Herald Sun
3018:
2989:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2946:Justice Action
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2820:in Australia.
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2796:HM Prison Sale
2793:
2788:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2764:Wentworth Gaol
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2729:Gladstone Gaol
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:Old Dubbo Gaol
2686:
2685:Prison museums
2683:
2681:
2680:Former prisons
2678:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2663:
2652:
2649:
2627:An article in
2622:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2586:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2558:Home detention
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2521:
2520:
2501:
2500:
2489:
2488:
2477:
2476:
2461:superannuation
2456:
2453:
2445:Main article:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2343:Prison deaths
2341:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2250:
2247:
2235:
2232:
2211:Main article:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2132:
2129:
2082:
2079:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:90% were male;
2043:
2040:
1997:
1994:
1990:A$ 3.1 billion
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1970:
1964:
1950:
1943:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1881:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1702:
1694:Main article:
1691:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1659:In Australia,
1653:Main article:
1650:
1647:
1531:
1530:Place of birth
1528:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:: 3,305 (8.1%)
1502:
1499:
1496:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1189:
1186:
1100:
1097:
1058:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
995:
992:
989:
985:
984:
982:
979:
976:
972:
971:
969:
966:
963:
959:
958:
956:
953:
950:
946:
945:
943:
940:
937:
933:
932:
930:
927:
924:
920:
919:
917:
914:
911:
907:
906:
904:
901:
898:
894:
893:
891:
888:
885:
881:
880:
878:
875:
872:
868:
867:
865:
862:
859:
855:
854:
852:
849:
846:
842:
841:
839:
836:
833:
829:
828:
826:
823:
820:
816:
815:
813:
810:
807:
803:
802:
800:
797:
794:
790:
789:
787:
784:
781:
777:
776:
774:
771:
768:
764:
763:
761:
758:
755:
751:
750:
748:
745:
742:
738:
737:
735:
732:
729:
725:
724:
722:
717:
712:
708:
707:
705:
700:
697:
693:
692:
690:
685:
682:
678:
677:
675:
672:
669:
665:
664:
662:
659:
656:
652:
651:
649:
646:
643:
639:
638:
636:
633:
630:
626:
625:
623:
620:
617:
613:
612:
610:
607:
602:
598:
597:
595:
592:
589:
585:
584:
582:
579:
576:
572:
571:
569:
566:
563:
559:
558:
556:
553:
550:
546:
545:
543:
540:
537:
533:
532:
530:
527:
524:
520:
519:
517:
514:
511:
507:
506:
504:
501:
498:
494:
493:
490:
484:
481:
471:
468:
458:
455:
414:
411:
369:Main article:
366:
363:
336:Norfolk Island
296:United Kingdom
265:
264:
223:
221:
214:
208:
207:Colonial times
205:
204:
203:
196:
191:
188:
186:Public shaming
183:
178:
175:
159:
156:
154:
151:
139:asylum seekers
124:financial year
91:by Europeans,
70:remand centres
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7988:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7968:
7966:
7950:
7941:
7938:
7929:
7928:
7925:
7918:
7917:United States
7914:
7909:
7905:
7902:
7898:
7895:
7891:
7888:
7884:
7883:
7879:
7876:
7872:
7869:
7865:
7860:
7856:
7855:
7853:
7849:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7818:
7814:
7811:
7807:
7804:
7800:
7797:
7793:
7790:
7786:
7783:
7779:
7776:
7772:
7769:
7765:
7762:
7758:
7755:
7751:
7748:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7739:
7735:
7728:
7724:
7721:
7717:
7714:
7710:
7709:
7707:
7703:
7696:
7692:
7689:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7671:
7667:
7664:
7660:
7657:
7653:
7650:
7646:
7643:
7639:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7627:
7623:
7620:
7616:
7613:
7609:
7606:
7602:
7599:
7595:
7592:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7578:
7574:
7571:
7567:
7564:
7560:
7557:
7553:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7533:Organizations
7531:
7522:
7521:United States
7518:
7517:
7515:
7511:
7508:
7504:
7501:
7497:
7494:
7490:
7487:
7483:
7480:
7476:
7473:
7469:
7464:
7463:United States
7460:
7459:
7457:
7453:
7448:
7447:United States
7444:
7443:
7441:
7437:
7434:
7430:
7425:
7424:United States
7421:
7420:
7418:
7414:
7411:
7407:
7404:
7400:
7397:
7396:Mobile phones
7393:
7390:
7386:
7383:
7379:
7376:
7372:
7369:
7365:
7362:
7358:
7353:
7352:United States
7349:
7348:
7346:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:Social issues
7335:
7328:
7324:
7321:
7317:
7314:
7310:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7287:
7282:
7281:United States
7278:
7277:
7275:
7271:
7268:
7264:
7261:
7257:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7239:
7235:
7230:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7210:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7195:Trusty system
7192:
7189:
7185:
7182:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7168:
7164:
7161:
7157:
7154:
7150:
7147:
7143:
7140:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7129:
7122:
7118:
7115:
7111:
7108:
7104:
7101:
7097:
7094:
7090:
7087:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7076:
7069:
7065:
7062:
7058:
7055:
7051:
7048:
7044:
7041:
7037:
7034:
7030:
7025:
7021:
7018:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7007:
7004:
7000:
6997:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6983:
6979:
6976:
6972:
6969:
6965:
6962:
6958:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6942:
6935:
6931:
6928:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6910:
6907:
6903:
6900:
6896:
6893:
6889:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6866:
6862:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6848:
6845:
6841:
6838:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6827:
6823:
6822:Incarceration
6816:
6811:
6809:
6804:
6802:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6727:
6724:
6721:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6611:
6607:
6605:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6562:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6412:
6407:
6405:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6367:
6361:
6358:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6341:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6254:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6208:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6171:Alice Springs
6169:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6157:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6095:
6090:
6088:
6083:
6081:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6049:
6044:
6043:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6012:
6008:
6001:
5993:
5989:
5982:
5974:
5970:
5963:
5948:
5944:
5940:
5936:
5929:
5913:
5909:
5902:
5894:
5890:
5883:
5875:
5871:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5840:
5834:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5801:
5795:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5777:
5770:
5762:
5758:
5757:Broken Chains
5754:
5753:
5745:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5723:
5715:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5698:
5696:
5687:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5662:
5655:
5649:
5638:
5634:
5628:
5612:
5606:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5576:
5574:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5543:
5541:
5525:
5521:
5514:
5506:
5502:
5495:
5479:
5473:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5418:
5411:
5395:
5388:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5353:
5349:
5342:
5340:
5338:
5322:
5318:
5311:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5270:
5266:
5259:
5243:
5239:
5233:
5227:
5214:
5210:
5204:
5189:
5185:
5179:
5164:
5160:
5153:
5145:
5139:
5137:
5121:. 7 July 2021
5120:
5116:
5110:
5095:
5091:
5085:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5054:
5035:
5029:
5018:
5011:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4965:
4948:
4947:www.qt.com.au
4944:
4937:
4929:
4925:
4918:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4852:
4846:
4830:
4824:
4808:
4802:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4751:
4739:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4720:
4714:
4702:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4683:
4667:
4663:
4657:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4627:
4625:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4529:
4525:
4518:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4464:Quigley, John
4459:
4443:
4439:
4433:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4296:. 12 May 2019
4295:
4291:
4285:
4269:
4265:
4259:
4257:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4185:
4181:
4175:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4133:
4129:
4123:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4026:
4020:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3992:
3975:
3971:
3965:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3911:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3865:
3859:
3843:
3839:
3833:
3831:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3784:
3780:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3726:
3720:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3679:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3633:
3632:www.ohchr.org
3629:
3623:
3608:
3607:www.ohchr.org
3604:
3598:
3590:
3586:
3580:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3492:
3486:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3386:
3384:9780190264079
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3325:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3302:, (2004) 219
3301:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3271:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3180:
3174:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3101:
3095:
3079:
3073:
3065:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2882:The Hard Word
2879:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2759:Maitland Gaol
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:Adelaide Gaol
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2696:
2691:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2533:Robyn Lambley
2528:
2526:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:Prison labour
2452:
2448:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2255:heart disease
2249:Prison deaths
2246:
2242:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2214:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2148:Total number
2147:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:. Managed by
1958:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:Acacia Prison
1923:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:Broadspectrum
1885:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1794:Acacia Prison
1790:
1785:
1782:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1743:In 1992, the
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1701:
1697:
1686:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:United States
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1527:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1210:Percent Male
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1093:Debbie Kilroy
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
752:
749:
746:
743:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
726:
723:
718:
713:
710:
709:
706:
701:
698:
695:
694:
691:
686:
683:
680:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
614:
611:
608:
603:
600:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
495:
491:
489:
488:100k adults)
485:
482:
479:
478:
467:
465:
454:
451:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
420:
410:
406:
404:
400:
395:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
372:
362:
360:
356:
351:
347:
345:
344:Glenn McNeill
341:
337:
333:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
272:
261:
258:
250:
247:November 2018
240:
236:
230:
229:
224:This section
222:
218:
213:
212:
201:
197:
195:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
171:
169:
168:customary law
165:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
94:
90:
86:
85:Prison labour
82:
78:
77:death penalty
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
37:
32:
28:
25:
21:
16:
7852:Soviet Union
7746:
7695:Work release
7656:Prison Radio
7632:
7403:Overcrowding
7086:House arrest
7040:Penal colony
6759:
6602:Queensland:
6277:
6268:Criminal law
6054:
6028:
6019:
6010:
6000:
5991:
5981:
5972:
5962:
5950:. Retrieved
5938:
5928:
5916:. Retrieved
5911:
5901:
5893:The Guardian
5892:
5882:
5873:
5843:. Retrieved
5833:
5821:. Retrieved
5794:
5779:
5769:
5756:
5751:
5744:
5731:
5722:
5707:
5648:
5627:
5615:. Retrieved
5605:
5593:. Retrieved
5589:the original
5584:
5560:. Retrieved
5556:the original
5551:
5527:. Retrieved
5524:The Guardian
5523:
5513:
5504:
5494:
5482:. Retrieved
5472:
5460:. Retrieved
5456:the original
5451:
5421:. Retrieved
5410:
5398:. Retrieved
5387:
5376:
5367:
5355:. Retrieved
5351:
5324:. Retrieved
5320:
5310:
5298:. Retrieved
5293:
5284:
5272:. Retrieved
5269:The Guardian
5268:
5258:
5246:. Retrieved
5241:
5232:
5217:. Retrieved
5212:
5203:
5191:. Retrieved
5187:
5178:
5166:. Retrieved
5162:
5152:
5123:. Retrieved
5118:
5109:
5097:. Retrieved
5093:
5084:
5072:. Retrieved
5068:the original
5063:
5053:
5041:. Retrieved
5028:
5010:
4998:. Retrieved
4976:
4951:. Retrieved
4946:
4936:
4927:
4917:
4905:. Retrieved
4900:
4879:
4855:. Retrieved
4845:
4833:. Retrieved
4823:
4811:. Retrieved
4801:
4792:
4783:
4771:. Retrieved
4766:
4756:
4741:. Retrieved
4726:
4719:
4704:. Retrieved
4689:
4682:
4670:. Retrieved
4665:
4656:
4644:. Retrieved
4636:
4611:. Retrieved
4604:
4595:
4586:
4577:
4565:. Retrieved
4561:the original
4552:
4543:
4531:. Retrieved
4527:
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4501:
4492:
4480:. Retrieved
4476:the original
4458:
4446:. Retrieved
4441:
4432:
4420:. Retrieved
4415:
4391:. Retrieved
4386:
4350:. Retrieved
4345:
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4319:
4310:
4298:. Retrieved
4293:
4284:
4272:. Retrieved
4267:
4243:. Retrieved
4238:
4214:. Retrieved
4209:
4200:
4188:. Retrieved
4183:
4174:
4162:. Retrieved
4157:
4148:
4136:. Retrieved
4131:
4122:
4110:. Retrieved
4105:
4096:
4084:. Retrieved
4079:
4070:
4058:. Retrieved
4053:
4044:
4032:. Retrieved
4019:
4007:. Retrieved
4002:
3978:. Retrieved
3973:
3964:
3952:. Retrieved
3947:
3938:
3926:. Retrieved
3921:
3897:. Retrieved
3892:
3883:
3871:. Retrieved
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3841:
3817:. Retrieved
3812:
3799:
3787:. Retrieved
3782:
3719:
3707:. Retrieved
3703:
3693:
3681:. Retrieved
3677:
3656:
3647:
3635:. Retrieved
3631:
3622:
3610:. Retrieved
3606:
3597:
3589:the original
3579:
3567:. Retrieved
3563:the original
3558:
3534:. Retrieved
3529:
3520:
3510:
3503:
3495:The Guardian
3494:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3468:
3459:
3447:. Retrieved
3443:the original
3438:
3429:
3417:. Retrieved
3413:
3366:
3360:
3334:
3324:
3293:
3289:
3281:The Guardian
3280:
3270:
3261:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3235:
3225:
3213:. Retrieved
3183:. Retrieved
3173:
3138:. Retrieved
3104:. Retrieved
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3072:
3038:. Retrieved
3033:
3009:. Retrieved
3005:the original
2980:. Retrieved
2880:
2872:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2837:
2829:
2815:
2754:Redruth Gaol
2699:
2654:
2641:
2626:
2623:
2615:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2591:third gender
2587:
2576:
2552:
2538:
2529:
2522:
2509:
2502:
2490:
2478:
2471:if injured.
2458:
2450:
2330:
2326:
2306:Unsentenced
2252:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2228:
2216:
2134:
2125:masturbation
2113:
2105:Dylan Voller
2097:Four Corners
2091:In 2016 the
2090:
2072:
2069:
2052:
2045:
2029:
2013:
1992:on prisons.
1987:
1800:
1798:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1760:
1758:was opened.
1753:
1742:
1715:
1712:
1699:
1658:
1643:
1603:South Africa
1536:
1533:
1524:
1490:
1392:
1384:
1217:
1191:
1158:
1148:
1138:
1119:
1112:
1091:
1087:
1071:homelessness
1060:
1052:
1043:
1040:
487:
460:
452:
448:
426:
407:
396:
393:
374:
352:
348:
334:
319:
312:
284:Port Jackson
278:
253:
244:
233:Please help
228:verification
225:
161:
128:
121:
102:
74:
41:
40:
27:
15:
7824:North Korea
7817:New Zealand
7410:Pay-to-stay
6837:Criminology
6355:Bushrangers
5952:12 November
5918:12 November
5617:12 November
5595:12 November
5562:12 November
5484:16 February
5462:12 November
5074:10 November
5043:10 November
5000:12 November
4953:12 November
4907:12 November
4857:12 November
4835:12 November
4813:12 November
4567:12 November
4498:"Australia"
4442:She Defined
4422:12 November
4274:12 November
4245:12 November
4216:12 November
4190:12 November
4164:12 November
4138:12 November
4112:12 November
4086:12 November
4060:12 November
4034:12 November
4009:12 November
3980:12 November
3954:12 November
3928:12 November
3899:12 November
3873:12 November
3848:12 November
3819:12 November
3789:12 November
3674:"Australia"
3555:"Australia"
3511:John Hudson
3475:28 February
3449:28 February
3419:12 November
3242:13 November
3215:12 November
3185:12 November
3140:12 November
3106:12 November
3084:12 November
3040:12 November
2982:12 November
2818:bushrangers
2465:payroll tax
2373:Queensland
1736:). In 2007
1664:released".
1635:South Korea
1599:Philippines
1575:Afghanistan
1567:South Sudan
1539:New Zealand
1427:Queensland
1264:Queensland
377:Ronald Ryan
359:First Fleet
7965:Categories
7738:By country
7375:Informants
7290:Literature
7229:Helicopter
7188:Sally port
7153:Commissary
7131:Components
7024:Chain gang
7010:Labor camp
6996:Internment
6961:Black site
6858:Punishment
6719:(Victoria)
6620:Victoria:
6614:Tasmania:
6278:Punishment
6217:Corruption
5423:6 February
5400:6 February
4533:26 October
4507:26 October
4482:26 October
4448:26 October
4393:1 November
4352:1 November
4326:1 November
4300:1 November
3813:aic.gov.au
3783:aic.gov.au
3637:5 November
3612:5 November
3569:5 November
3536:5 November
3530:ABC Sydney
3469:SMH.com.au
3011:5 November
2952:References
2851:Underbelly
2824:Television
2667:impounding
2637:think tank
2584:Statistics
2487:Queensland
2286:Sentenced
2042:Statistics
2000:See also:
1683:See also:
1122:Aboriginal
486:Rate (per
417:See also:
300:Queensland
18:See also:
7747:Australia
7479:Sexuality
7368:Education
7327:Tattooing
7121:Death row
7017:Battalion
6876:Prisoners
6191:Melbourne
6063:2207-0850
5947:2206-7280
5914:. The Age
5529:29 August
5326:23 August
5300:23 August
5274:23 August
5248:23 August
5125:17 August
5099:17 August
4773:28 August
3351:147807434
2839:Wentworth
2659:Monetary
2406:Tasmania
2362:Victoria
2157:Aged 40+
1914:Victoria
1865:Victoria
1850:Victoria
1595:Sri Lanka
1587:Hong Kong
1451:Tasmania
1419:Victoria
1324:Tasmania
1244:Victoria
361:in 1788.
294:from the
62:probation
7908:Scotland
7543:(Brazil)
7507:Violence
7456:Religion
7297:American
7146:Cemetery
7114:Supermax
7033:Military
6975:Debtors'
6899:Detainee
6892:Criminal
6844:Penology
6734:CrimTrac
6181:Canberra
6176:Brisbane
6166:Adelaide
5786:Archived
5736:Archived
5714:Archived
5661:Archived
5637:Archived
5357:6 August
5242:BBC News
5219:6 August
5193:6 August
5168:6 August
4793:BBC News
4646:9 August
4637:ABC News
4528:ABC News
3709:6 August
3704:triple j
3683:6 August
2890:See also
2844:Prisoner
2831:Prisoner
2475:Victoria
2272:Hanging
2095:aired a
1477:By crime
1216:Percent
428:Flogging
381:executed
355:burglary
328:and the
315:Victoria
304:Tasmania
181:Duelling
143:refugees
105:supermax
7949:Commons
7887:Bermuda
7875:Ukraine
7803:Jamaica
7782:Iceland
7775:Germany
7768:Estonia
7720:Prisons
7500:Suicide
7493:Strikes
7252:Culture
7181:Officer
7174:Nursery
7167:Library
7054:Private
6945:Prisons
6906:Hostage
6885:Convict
6829:Science
6343:History
6287:Prisons
5845:23 June
5823:23 June
5709:The Age
5090:"About"
4743:14 June
4706:13 June
4672:13 June
2702:museums
2629:The Age
2185:Prison
2165:Police
2154:Female
1679:Prisons
1627:Germany
1559:Somalia
1547:Lebanon
1543:Vietnam
1227:12,372
1057:Females
1030:40,591
1017:42,970
1004:41,060
991:43,028
978:42,974
965:41,202
952:38,845
939:36,134
926:33,791
913:30,775
900:29,383
887:29,106
874:29,700
861:29,317
848:27,615
835:25,801
822:24,762
809:24,392
796:23,149
783:23,555
770:22,492
757:22,458
744:21,714
731:20,609
716:19,906
699:19,082
684:18,193
671:17,428
658:16,944
645:15,866
632:15,559
619:15,021
606:14,305
591:10,196
578:12,321
565:12,113
552:11,497
539:10,196
526:10,844
513:10,196
492:Source
483:Number
153:History
54:prisons
7868:Turkey
7845:Russia
7831:Norway
7213:Escape
7202:Warden
7003:Island
6743:Topics
6263:Courts
6201:Sydney
6186:Darwin
6061:
5945:
4734:
4697:
4613:7 June
3559:NSWCCL
3381:
3349:
2734:J Ward
2609:Parole
2573:Parole
2493:doonas
2481:Qantas
2423:6.95%
2412:3.47%
2368:22.6%
2357:29.5%
2281:Other
2008:, and
1631:Taiwan
1623:Greece
1619:Turkey
1611:Canada
1462:1,027
1359:87.0†
1347:1,934
1307:6,276
1287:3,049
1267:9,376
1247:6,569
1161:Bourke
1081:, who
714:18,692
604:12,965
500:9,826
421:, and
324:, the
306:, and
288:Sydney
113:remand
58:parole
7859:Gulag
7810:Japan
7789:India
7761:China
7754:Chile
7705:Lists
7472:Riots
7345:Abuse
7320:Slang
7304:Blogs
6953:Types
6934:Slave
6725:(NSW)
6196:Perth
6051:(PDF)
5657:(PDF)
5640:(PDF)
5037:(PDF)
5020:(PDF)
4028:(PDF)
3867:(PDF)
3809:(PDF)
3347:S2CID
3312:(PDF)
3298:
3209:(PDF)
3134:(PDF)
2661:fines
2434:2.6%
2401:9.5%
2390:9.5%
2151:Male
2036:Labor
1977:Serco
1961:Serco
1933:Serco
1738:Serco
1615:Italy
1591:India
1583:China
1579:Tonga
1571:Samoa
1563:Sudan
1379:25.2
1373:94.5
1353:93.9
1339:22.7
1333:92.9
1319:40.2
1313:91.0
1299:24.4
1293:93.1
1279:36.4
1273:90.9
1259:10.6
1253:94.7
1239:29.1
1233:93.4
1165:Dubbo
1049:Males
1027:2022
1014:2021
1001:2020
988:2019
975:2018
962:2017
949:2016
936:2015
923:2014
910:2013
897:2012
884:2011
871:2010
858:2009
845:2008
832:2007
819:2006
806:2005
793:2004
780:2003
767:2002
754:2001
741:2000
728:1999
711:1998
696:1997
681:1996
668:1995
655:1994
642:1993
629:1992
616:1991
601:1990
588:1989
575:1988
562:1987
549:1986
536:1985
523:1984
510:1983
497:1982
480:Year
286:(now
200:magic
7838:Peru
7440:Rape
7382:LGBT
7313:Ring
7274:Gang
7267:Film
7160:Food
7139:Cell
7100:Open
7061:Ship
6989:Farm
6059:ISSN
5954:2018
5943:ISSN
5920:2018
5847:2019
5825:2019
5619:2018
5597:2018
5564:2018
5531:2018
5486:2023
5464:2018
5425:2022
5402:2022
5359:2020
5328:2020
5321:NITV
5302:2020
5276:2020
5250:2020
5221:2020
5195:2020
5188:RACP
5170:2020
5127:2023
5101:2023
5076:2018
5045:2018
5002:2018
4955:2018
4909:2018
4859:2018
4837:2018
4815:2018
4775:2020
4745:2020
4732:ISBN
4708:2020
4695:ISBN
4674:2020
4666:ALRC
4648:2022
4615:2020
4569:2018
4535:2021
4509:2021
4484:2021
4450:2021
4424:2018
4395:2023
4354:2023
4328:2023
4302:2023
4276:2018
4247:2018
4218:2018
4192:2018
4166:2018
4140:2018
4114:2018
4088:2018
4062:2018
4036:2018
4011:2018
3982:2018
3956:2018
3930:2018
3901:2018
3875:2018
3850:2018
3821:2018
3791:2018
3711:2020
3685:2020
3639:2018
3614:2018
3571:2018
3538:2018
3477:2019
3451:2019
3421:2018
3379:ISBN
3306:562
3244:2018
3217:2018
3187:2018
3142:2018
3108:2018
3086:2018
3042:2018
3013:2018
2984:2018
2866:Stir
2859:Film
2379:15%
2312:57%
2309:39%
2292:10%
2289:83%
2200:22%
2197:79%
2191:97%
2188:115
2180:19%
2177:56%
2174:12%
2171:88%
2014:The
1732:and
1639:Fiji
1637:and
1577:and
1555:Iraq
1551:Iran
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