254:
29:
1724:
5218:
5634:
1737:
1677:. This pogrom was organized by the Nazis, but carried out by the Ukrainians, as a prologue to the total annihilation of the Jewish population of Lwów. Somewhere in the neighborhood of between 5,000–7,000 Jews were brutally beaten and more than 2,000 murdered in this massacre. In addition, some 3,000 persons, mostly Jews, were executed in the municipal stadium by the German military.
198:(Polish: Lwów) was a multicultural city just before World War II, with a population of 312,231. The city's 157,490 ethnic Poles constituted just over 50 percent of the population, with Jews at 32 percent (99,595) and Ukrainians at 16 percent (49,747). On 28 September 1939, after the joint Soviet-German invasion, the USSR and Germany signed the
1763:. Following these initial deportations, and death by disease and random shootings, around 86,000 Jews officially remained in the ghetto, though there were many more not recorded. During this period, many Jews were also forced to work for the Wehrmacht and the ghetto's German administration, especially in the nearby
1702:
was established on 8 November 1941 in the northern part of the city. Some 80,000 Jews were ordered to move there by 15 December 1941 and all Poles and
Ukrainians to move out. Zamarstynów (now Zamarstyniv) neighborhood was designated to form the Jewish quarter. Before the beginning of World War II it
1707:
by the Jews) moving slowly toward the gate. Eventually, between 110,000 and 120,000 Jews were forced into the new ghetto. The living conditions there were extremely poor, coupled with severe overcrowding. For example, food rations allocated to the Jews were estimated to equal only 10% of the German
1858:
title. Leopold Socha and Stefan Wróblewski, laborers maintaining the municipal sewage system, organized in their shelters for 21 one Jews who survived the ghetto's liquidation; 10 of them survived the war. Socha, Wróblewski and their wives received the
Righteous titles after the war. Another
1770:
Between 10 and 31 August 1942, the "Great Aktion" was carried out, where between 40,000 and 50,000 Jews were rounded up, gathered at transit point placed in
Janowska camp and then deported to Belzec. Many who were not deported, including local orphans and hospital inpatients, were shot. On 1
1657:
began on the next day, 1 July. Jews were taken from their apartments, made to clean streets on their hands and knees, or perform rituals that identified them with
Communism. Jews continued to be brought to the three prisons, first to exhume the bodies and then to be killed. Sub-units of
1719:
and the new letters J.O.L. in various positions on their uniform. They were given rubber truncheons. Their ranks numbered from 500 to 750 policemen. The Jewish police force answered to the Jewish
National city council known as the Judenrat, which in turn answered to the Gestapo.
1859:
Righteous, Miroslav
Kravchuk, with the help of some acquaintances, shelter his Jewish ex-wife, and some of their other family members and acquaintances. Kravchuk survived 6-month imprisonment by Gestapo following their arrest of him under the suspicion of him helping Jews.
1775:
and members of the ghetto's Jewish police force on balconies of
Judenrat's building at Łokietka street and Hermana street corner. Around 65,000 Jews remained while winter approached with no heating or sanitation, leading to an outbreak of typhus.
1703:
was one of the poorest suburbs of Lwów. German police also began a series of "selections" in an operation called "Action under the bridge" - 5,000 elderly and sick Jews were shot as they crossed under the rail bridge on Pełtewna Street (called
210:
on 22 June 1941, about 160,000 Jews lived in the city; the number had swelled by tens of thousands due to the arrival of Jewish refugees from German-occupied Poland in late 1939. All along the German-Soviet front, the Soviet secret police (the
1854:, a Polish nanny hired by a Jewish family, sheltered their daughter throughout the war, and delivered aid to her parents who were imprisoned in the ghetto. After the war, Nazarewicz became one of the recipients of the
1798:
At the beginning of June 1943 Germans decided to end the existence of the Jewish quarter and its inhabitants. As Nazis entered the ghetto they met some sporadic acts of armed resistance, facing grenades and
1807:). In effect many buildings were suffused with gasoline and burned in order to "flush out" Jews from their hiding places. Some Jews managed to escape or to conceal themselves in the sewer system.
1451:
1653:
with the
Germans, OUN members who lived in Lviv, and former Soviet policemen—who had either decided to switch sides or who were OUN members that had infiltrated the Soviet police. A full-blown
5267:
2157:
Journal of
Contemporary History, Vol. 26, No. 3/4, The Impact of Western Nationalisms: Essays Dedicated to Walter Z. Laqueur on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday (Sep., 1991), pp. 431-451
5277:
3071:
3382:
202:, which assigned about 200,000 km (77,000 sq mi) of Polish territory inhabited by 13.5 million people of all nationalities to the Soviet Union. Lviv was then
1779:
Between 5 and 7 January 1943, another 15,000-20,000 Jews, including the last members of the
Judenrat, were shot outside of the town on the orders of Fritz Katzmann. After this
5282:
2703:
1803:. The Germans and their Ukrainian collaborators lost 9 killed and 20 wounded. However, most of the Jews were trying to hide themselves in earlier prepared hideouts (so called
1814:
entered Lwów on 26 July 1944, only a few hundred Jews remained in the city. The number varies from 200 to 900 (823 according to data of Jewish Provisional Committee in Lwów,
4947:
4191:
2811:
538:
5272:
5127:
4548:
5380:
5112:
2760:
5072:
5067:
4583:
4538:
2092:
5062:
5052:
4578:
4573:
4558:
4563:
1851:
1476:
4568:
4543:
4301:
3375:
5097:
4801:
4512:
5087:
1384:
2852:
2804:
448:
203:
3368:
2942:
2531:
1544:
630:
4507:
5670:
5107:
1608:
1034:
1767:
labor camp. On 24–25 June 1942, 2,000 Jews were taken to the labor camp; only 120 were used for forced labor, and all of the others were shot.
4517:
2195:
5022:
4844:
4522:
4980:
4597:
2797:
5604:
5297:
4829:
1248:
301:
5680:
5327:
4186:
2118:
566:
548:
179:, set up in the second half of 1941, was liquidated in June 1943; all its inhabitants who survived prior killings were deported to the
4985:
4553:
4294:
3036:
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3188:
1883:
1489:
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4919:
4216:
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1575:
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1504:
1445:
1378:
523:
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took place in the last days of July 1941 and was named the "Petlura Days" after the assassinated Ukrainian leader and pogromist
5287:
4248:
4141:
2301:
2104:
1756:. Between 16 March and 1 April 1942, approximately 15,000 Jews were taken to the Kleparów railway station and deported to the
4652:
4146:
2541:
2515:
2284:
1499:
533:
4849:
4332:
4287:
2935:
1534:
253:
169:
67:
5370:
864:
4787:
2600:
1601:
779:
3347:
3096:
2270:
5292:
4970:
4327:
3026:
2418:
5167:
5015:
2608:
2315:
1893:
819:
199:
4388:
794:
5475:
5307:
3878:
1527:
1314:
942:
799:
764:
729:
273:
5665:
1319:
5312:
5242:
4932:
2928:
2569:
814:
3126:
1917:
5530:
4905:
4260:
4236:
3031:
2725:
2711:
2688:
2658:
2627:
2558:
2444:
2379:
2331:
1594:
759:
674:
180:
5182:
4383:
1715:
wearing dark blue Polish police uniforms from before World War II, but with the Polish insignia replaced by a
1361:
694:
5614:
5365:
5202:
4927:
4737:
2500:
Kiebuzinski, Ksenya; Motyl, Alexander (2017). "Introduction". In Ksenya Kiebuzinski; Alexander Motyl (eds.).
1646:
1522:
1216:
900:
784:
774:
739:
734:
478:
5172:
3256:
2979:
679:
5008:
4393:
3006:
1484:
1134:
984:
824:
804:
704:
684:
4378:
2628:"Incompatible Experiences: Poles, Ukrainians and Jews in Lviv under Soviet and German Occupation, 1939-44"
1351:
322:
5540:
5162:
4962:
4228:
3106:
3061:
3051:
3041:
2984:
1855:
1764:
1580:
1470:
1124:
809:
769:
689:
430:
184:
108:
3973:
3475:
3091:
917:
5505:
5237:
5057:
4874:
4816:
4757:
4698:
4352:
4256:
4196:
3779:
3342:
3056:
3001:
2882:
2507:
1423:
1301:
994:
699:
1843:
indicate, he was saved from execution by a Ukrainian policeman), though he was later transported to a
1829:, who disseminated news about the war picked up with an illegal radio. Polish Olympic football player
5619:
5440:
5207:
4859:
4647:
4232:
3923:
3868:
3337:
3066:
3046:
2996:
2902:
2857:
2748:
2586:
1757:
1741:
1494:
1231:
829:
754:
744:
104:
5217:
2681:
5520:
5147:
4974:
4678:
4240:
3121:
3018:
2957:
2907:
2892:
2872:
2862:
2847:
2842:
2463:
2307:
2276:
2206:
1392:
1094:
714:
5177:
5157:
5082:
4070:
1837:
was one of the best-known Jewish inhabitants of Lemberg Ghetto to survive the war (as his memoirs
1149:
5435:
5252:
4688:
4617:
4342:
4176:
3301:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2867:
2820:
1888:
1869:
1570:
1264:
1089:
905:
456:
5660:
1129:
936:
398:
5385:
5317:
5302:
5262:
5092:
4398:
3948:
3863:
2077:
1346:
876:
789:
235:
216:
2433:
Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia
2256:
421:
5525:
5495:
5450:
4937:
4357:
2666:
1927:
1084:
857:
669:
5152:
3211:
2126:
223:
was probably between 10,000 and 40,000, with at least two-thirds of them ethnic Ukrainians.
5609:
5515:
5460:
5455:
5425:
5415:
4414:
4125:
4010:
3646:
3571:
3515:
2622:, Centralna Żydowska Komisja Historyczna, Centralny Komitet Żydów Polskich, Nr 4, Łódź 1945
2526:
1695:
1435:
1144:
1069:
948:
888:
871:
638:
207:
28:
4252:
4090:
3111:
1269:
86:
Imprisonment, mass shootings, forced labor, starvation, forced abortions and sterilization
8:
5535:
5390:
5322:
5187:
4952:
4824:
4464:
4424:
3873:
3696:
3235:
3136:
2737:
2168:
2072:
1839:
1723:
1440:
1259:
1079:
352:
4474:
3266:
3241:
3201:
593:
573:
4693:
4662:
4449:
4201:
3749:
3686:
3616:
3606:
3525:
3206:
2990:
2966:
2696:
2650:
2488:
2406:
1844:
1760:
1324:
1206:
1196:
1191:
1186:
659:
165:
4742:
4454:
4025:
3963:
3246:
2789:
2459:"The Lviv Pogrom of 1941: The Germans, Ukrainian Nationalists, and the Carnival Crowd"
1064:
979:
5420:
5410:
5360:
5355:
4717:
4419:
4095:
3822:
3787:
3739:
3581:
3520:
2743:
2721:
2707:
2654:
2604:
2537:
2511:
2492:
2480:
2440:
2414:
2311:
2280:
2240:
1878:
1783:
in January 1943 Judenrat was dissolved, that what remained of the ghetto was renamed
516:
493:
327:
4942:
4627:
4444:
4439:
3445:
1666:
conducted a series of mass-murder operations which continued for the next few days.
1284:
1019:
347:
5599:
5430:
5400:
5132:
5047:
4879:
4484:
4434:
4224:
4045:
3903:
3691:
3681:
3656:
3540:
3530:
3505:
3455:
3296:
3168:
3131:
3116:
2642:
2476:
2472:
2150:
1874:
1834:
1800:
1405:
1296:
1164:
1159:
1054:
312:
5465:
5197:
3883:
3853:
3631:
3460:
3291:
3226:
3196:
3178:
1687:
1356:
1099:
955:
588:
5589:
5490:
5480:
5445:
5405:
5395:
5122:
5039:
4900:
4895:
4752:
4683:
4632:
4612:
4373:
4180:
4110:
4040:
3978:
3968:
3908:
3843:
3711:
3621:
3510:
3495:
3480:
3440:
3306:
3158:
2454:
1815:
1753:
1336:
1201:
1154:
1059:
578:
543:
528:
498:
362:
337:
317:
220:
145:
137:
44:
5142:
4622:
3953:
3535:
3415:
3390:
3271:
2196:"SS Man Katzmann's "Solution of the Jewish Question in the District of Galicia""
5485:
5337:
4642:
4637:
4469:
4337:
4244:
4166:
4120:
4035:
3933:
3894:
3817:
3676:
3661:
3636:
3576:
3465:
3450:
3430:
3420:
3281:
3173:
1826:
1691:
1674:
1659:
1410:
1309:
1175:
1109:
1039:
989:
852:
749:
488:
413:
407:
332:
3858:
3666:
3626:
3101:
2551:
1044:
357:
219:. According to estimates by contemporary historians, the number of victims in
5654:
5638:
5584:
5470:
4839:
4657:
4429:
4170:
4105:
4100:
4085:
4055:
4050:
4020:
3958:
3913:
3827:
3812:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3764:
3754:
3734:
3706:
3596:
3566:
3485:
3470:
3425:
3316:
3286:
3261:
3251:
3221:
3216:
3152:
2834:
2775:
2762:
2646:
2484:
1830:
1787:(Jewish Camp Lwów), thus formally redesigned as labor camp with about 12,000
1716:
1226:
1074:
1029:
618:
598:
483:
390:
342:
243:
4060:
2554:
includes 60 historical pictures. 1932-1944, Lwow, Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine)
1833:
was shot to death by the Nazis in the ghetto in December 1941. Nazi-hunter
5561:
5350:
4747:
4459:
4266:
4206:
4115:
4080:
4075:
3943:
3928:
3769:
3701:
3671:
3641:
3591:
3561:
3556:
3410:
3311:
3276:
3163:
2592:
2428:
1635:
1622:
1397:
1274:
974:
623:
608:
583:
436:
307:
283:
5077:
3601:
2125:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. Archived from
5247:
4479:
4015:
4005:
3938:
3918:
3848:
3807:
3744:
3729:
3651:
3611:
3500:
3490:
2244:
1749:
1663:
1642:'s victims from the three local jails. During the morning of 30 June, an
1279:
724:
613:
215:) engaged in mass murder of prisoners, in what later became known as the
153:
62:
1748:
The Lemberg Ghetto was one of the first to have Jews transported to the
1649:
was formed in the city. It included OUN activists who had moved in from
5375:
5345:
5102:
4065:
4030:
3586:
3435:
2436:
2411:
The Holocaust in Eastern Europe: At the Epicenter of the Final Solution
2100:
1736:
1139:
380:
5576:
4322:
3759:
3332:
2752:
2536:. Vol. II, part A. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
1662:
arrived on 2 July, at which point violence escalated further. The SS
1631:
553:
503:
262:
5229:
4347:
4309:
2501:
1791:
Jews, able to work in the German war industry and several thousands
1650:
5594:
5257:
5117:
4762:
2458:
1811:
1772:
1119:
5556:
385:
161:
2332:"The Righteous Among The Nations: Nazarewicz-Gruszko, Kazimiera"
2299:
1957:
58:
5137:
4834:
2950:
2720:(original publication Macmillan, 1963). Amazon: Halo Pr, 1999.
1670:
1654:
1430:
1291:
176:
2303:
The Olympics at the Millennium: Power, Politics, and the Games
2173:
SS-Gruppenführer und Generalleutnant der Waffen-SS und Polizei
5566:
2503:
The Great West UkrainianPrison Massacre of 1941: A Sourcebook
1969:
1049:
3391:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
5031:
2704:
The Girl in the Green sweater: A life in Holocaust's Shadow
1850:
Some local gentiles attempted to aid and shelter the Jews.
1639:
1627:
258:
212:
195:
157:
2155:
Himmler and the 'Terrible Secret' among the Executioners.
1711:
The Germans established a Jewish police force called the
4948:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
2166:
2053:
2017:
1795:
Jews (mainly women, children and elderly) hiding in it.
1634:
in the early hours of 30 June 1941. That day, Jews were
5000:
4809:
2819:
94:
2380:"The Righteous Among The Nations: Kravchuk, Miroslav"
2355:
2205:. University of Vermont: 2, 11, 16–18. Archived from
1771:
September 1942 the Gestapo hanged the head of Lwów’s
2041:
2029:
2005:
1993:
1981:
1945:
1933:
1905:
2356:"Leopold and Magdalena Socha | www.yadvashem.org"
5652:
4310:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
2499:
1975:
1963:
1698:(SSPF) of Lwów. On his orders the ghetto called
2585:. Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishers and
226:
5016:
4795:
4295:
3376:
2936:
2805:
2269:Trunk, Isaiah; Shapiro, Robert Moses (2006).
2231:
2229:
2227:
2193:
2167:Waldemar „Scypion” Sadaj (January 27, 2010).
1602:
4981:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
2532:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
2268:
1708:and 50% of the Ukrainian or Polish rations.
2951:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
2534:. Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe
2146:
2144:
5023:
5009:
4802:
4788:
4302:
4288:
3383:
3369:
2943:
2929:
2812:
2798:
2224:
2085:
2081:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
1609:
1595:
1454:Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany
27:
2699:. New York : Alderbrook Press, 2010.
2300:Kay Schaffer & Sidonie Smith (2000).
33:Hanging of the Lwów Ghetto Judenrat, 1942
2141:
1884:Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland
1735:
1722:
1490:Timeline of Treblinka extermination camp
164:) in the territory of Nazi-administered
4906:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
2570:online in Polish, Ukrainian and Russian
2111:
1847:, rather than remaining in the ghetto.
1638:by the Germans to remove bodies of the
1446:Central Committee of the Liberated Jews
5671:Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Poland
5653:
5506:
4889:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
4249:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
2744:Database of names from the Lviv Ghetto
2568:(Extermination of the Jews of Lwów) -
2257:Historical Dictionary of the Holocaust
5298:Monastery and church of St. Onuphrius
5004:
4783:
4283:
3364:
2924:
2793:
2561:vol. 3, pp. 928–931. Map, photos
2550:A True Story of Holocaust Survivors.
2524:
2453:
2427:
2405:
2262:
2187:
2160:
2065:
2059:
2047:
2035:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1987:
1951:
1939:
1923:
1911:
1820:Tymczasowy Komitet Żydowski we Lwowie
1740:Locations of the Lwów ghetto and the
2625:
2525:Kulke, Christine (2012). "Lwów". In
2239:(Extermination of the Jews of Lwów)
4810:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
2821:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
13:
5216:
4971:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
2575:
2194:Claudia Koonz (November 2, 2005).
1825:Among its notable inhabitants was
1727:1941 Lwów Ghetto residence permit.
14:
5692:
5681:1943 disestablishments in Ukraine
5371:Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów
4653:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
2731:
1894:World War II casualties of Poland
1545:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
449:Collaborators during World War II
208:German attack on the Soviet Union
5633:
5632:
5308:Church of the Purification, Lviv
5203:Lvov–Sandomierz Offensive (1944)
4830:Population transfers (1944–1946)
3879:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
2626:Mick, Christoph (7 April 2011).
1713:Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst Lemberg
1685:Following the Nazi takeover, SS-
1528:List of books about Nazi Germany
1315:Resistance movement in Auschwitz
943:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
252:
4933:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
4845:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
2635:Journal of Contemporary History
2372:
2348:
2324:
2293:
2250:
2175:. Allgemeine SS & Waffen-SS
1731:
1385:Joint Declaration by Members of
5676:1941 establishments in Ukraine
4261:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
4237:36th Estonian Police Battalion
2559:Encyclopaedia of the Holocaust
2477:10.1080/00085006.2011.11092673
2439:: Princeton University Press.
78:8 November 1941 to 2 June 1943
1:
5313:Church of the Transfiguration
4928:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
4758:Human medical experimentation
2615:, Jerusalem:Yad Vashem, 1978)
2399:
1810:By the time that the Soviet
1680:
1452:Reparations Agreement between
1320:Związek Organizacji Wojskowej
995:Human medical experimentation
200:German–Soviet Frontier Treaty
190:
5293:Church of St. Mary Magdalene
2583:From the Alps to the Red Sea
1976:Kiebuzinski & Motyl 2017
1964:Kiebuzinski & Motyl 2017
985:Extermination through labour
839:Transit and collection camps
7:
5476:Theatre of Opera and Ballet
5183:Massacre of Lwów professors
5168:Lwów–Warsaw school of logic
5163:Secret Ukrainian University
4963:Righteous Among the Nations
4850:Ministry of Public Security
4229:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
2839:Related articles by country
2601:University of Massachusetts
2097:Chronology of the Holocaust
1862:
1856:Righteous Among the Nations
1630:was occupied by the German
1581:Righteous Among the Nations
1477:Deportations of French Jews
227:German invasion and pogroms
204:annexed to the Soviet Union
185:Janowska concentration camp
109:Janowska concentration camp
10:
5697:
5278:Church of John the Baptist
5173:Lwów School of Mathematics
4875:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
4257:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
2508:Amsterdam University Press
2169:"Fritz Friedrich Katzmann"
1647:Ukrainian People's Militia
1620:
16:World War II Jewish ghetto
5628:
5620:Pidzamche railway station
5575:
5549:
5504:
5336:
5228:
5214:
5208:Sknyliv air show disaster
5038:
4961:
4918:
4888:
4867:
4858:
4815:
4779:
4730:
4710:
4671:
4648:Sobibor perpetrator album
4605:
4596:
4531:
4500:
4493:
4407:
4366:
4315:
4279:
4233:Estonian Auxiliary Police
4215:
4159:
4134:
3998:
3991:
3892:
3836:
3778:
3720:
3549:
3403:
3396:
3360:
3343:Human medical experiments
3325:
3187:
3145:
3084:
3017:
2965:
2956:
2920:
2916:
2827:
2413:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2093:"July 25: Pogrom in Lwów"
1873:2011 historical drama by
1840:The Executioners Among Us
1742:Belzec extermination camp
181:Bełżec extermination camp
156:in the city of Lwów (now
122:
114:
105:Belzec extermination camp
100:
90:
82:
74:
54:
38:
26:
21:
5615:Suburban railway station
5128:Ruthenian National House
5073:Siege by Cossacks (1655)
5068:Siege by Cossacks (1648)
5030:
4896:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
4241:Latvian Auxiliary Police
3974:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
3476:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
2647:10.1177/0022009410392409
2611:(Published in Hebrew as
2464:Canadian Slavonic Papers
2308:Rutgers University Press
2277:Indiana University Press
2203:The Raul Hilberg Lecture
1899:
1393:Auschwitz bombing debate
715:Nazi concentration camps
660:Nazi extermination camps
639:List of selected ghettos
554:People with disabilities
5303:Church of the Dormition
5288:Church of St. Elizabeth
5268:Convent of Benedictines
5243:Cathedral of St. George
5113:Halytsko-Ruska Matytsia
4986:Garden of the Righteous
4738:Identification in camps
4731:Technical and logistics
4177:Order Police battalions
2687:CS1 maint: postscript (
2657:. Open access preprint
2620:Zagłada Żydów lwowskich
2566:Zagłada Żydów lwowskich
2495:. Taylor & Francis.
2237:Zagłada Żydów lwowskich
1889:The Holocaust in Poland
544:Slavs in Eastern Europe
529:Romani people (Gypsies)
217:NKVD prisoner massacres
5431:Polytechnic University
5283:Church of Mary of Snow
5222:
5093:Stauropegion Institute
4399:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
3864:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
2716:Leon Weliczker Wells,
2589:, 1985. pp. 14–60
2587:Beit Lohamei Haghetaot
2272:Łódź Ghetto: a history
2123:Holocaust Encyclopedia
2103:. 2004. Archived from
2078:Holocaust Encyclopedia
1819:
1745:
1728:
1535:The Destruction of the
1379:International response
815:Transnistria (Romania)
633:German-occupied Poland
170:German-occupied Poland
149:
141:
68:German-occupied Poland
48:
5600:Intercity bus station
5496:Union of Lublin Mound
5411:Lychakivskiy Cemetery
5220:
5083:Siege by Turks (1675)
5058:Dormition Brotherhood
4938:Majdanek State Museum
4071:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
2975:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
2776:49.83944°N 24.03278°E
1739:
1726:
1576:Memorials and museums
1505:Memorials and museums
966:Extermination methods
670:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
261:on selection ramp at
206:. At the time of the
5666:Lwów in World War II
5610:Main railway station
5221:Coat of arms of Lviv
4415:Mordechai Anielewicz
4126:Elisabeth Volkenrath
4011:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
3647:Arthur Liebehenschel
3572:Hermine Braunsteiner
3516:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
2527:Geoffrey P. Megargee
1852:Kazimiera Nazarewicz
1700:Jüdischer Wohnbezirk
1696:SS and Police Leader
1552:Functionalism versus
1485:Survivors of Sobibor
1197:Operation "Reinhard"
949:Politische Abteilung
937:SS-Totenkopfverbände
5471:Shevchenkivskyi Hai
5441:Metropolitan Palace
5391:King Cross Leopolis
5366:Catholic University
5258:Bridgettine Convent
5188:Lviv pogroms (1941)
4953:March of the Living
4825:Holocaust survivors
4689:Vrba–Wetzler report
4465:Alexander Pechersky
4425:Mordechai Tenenbaum
3874:Alexander Palfinger
3697:Johann Schwarzhuber
3257:Międzyrzec Podlaski
3236:Lviv pogroms (1941)
3137:Sonderaktion Krakau
2772: /
2740:information on Lviv
2738:US Holocaust Museum
2706:, Macmillan, 2010.
2618:Dr Filip Friedman,
2407:Beorn, Waitman Wade
2212:on February 5, 2015
2062:, pp. 219–220.
2026:, pp. 211–212.
1571:Days of remembrance
1471:Holocaust survivors
1265:Vrba–Wetzler report
1260:Auschwitz Protocols
1217:End of World War II
1207:Extermination camps
1192:Mogilev Conference
1135:Kamianets-Podilskyi
353:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
118:120,000 Polish Jews
5273:Church of St. Anne
5238:Armenian Cathedral
5223:
5098:Stauropegion Press
4868:West German trials
4663:Wannsee Conference
4450:Itzhak Katzenelson
4202:General Government
3687:Franz Reichleitner
3617:Fritz Hartjenstein
3607:Maximilian Grabner
3526:Bruno Streckenbach
3338:Grossaktion Warsaw
2991:Operation Reinhard
2781:49.83944; 24.03278
2702:Chiger, Krystyna,
2697:The Lemberg Mosaic
1845:concentration camp
1785:Judenlager Lemberg
1761:extermination camp
1746:
1729:
1387:the United Nations
1187:Wannsee Conference
302:Major perpetrators
166:General Government
5648:
5647:
5436:Lubomirski Palace
5421:Mickiewicz Square
5381:Freedom Boulevard
5356:Bandinelli Palace
5253:Bernardine Church
4998:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4914:
4913:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4726:
4725:
4718:Sonderaktion 1005
4592:
4591:
4275:
4274:
4253:Ypatingasis būrys
4155:
4154:
4096:Johanna Langefeld
4091:Hildegard Lächert
3987:
3986:
3823:Alfred Trzebinski
3788:Franz von Bodmann
3740:Lorenz Hackenholt
3582:Theodor van Eupen
3521:Jakob Sporrenberg
3356:
3355:
3080:
3079:
2718:The Janowska Road
2677:|postscript=
2674:External link in
2597:Lvov Ghetto Diary
2543:978-0-253-00202-0
2517:978-90-8964-834-1
2429:Gross, Jan Tomasz
2286:978-0-253-34755-8
1966:, pp. 30–31.
1879:Agnieszka Holland
1801:Molotov cocktails
1619:
1618:
1495:Victims of Nazism
1436:Displaced persons
1369:
1368:
1270:Czesław Mordowicz
1239:
1238:
1002:
1001:
631:Jewish ghettos in
504:Forced euthanasia
494:Haavara Agreement
464:
463:
400:Totenkopfverbände
328:Reinhard Heydrich
130:
129:
5688:
5636:
5635:
5508:
5401:Lviv High Castle
5386:Government House
5318:Dominican Church
5263:Carmelite Church
5133:Hutsul Secession
5088:Leopolis Triplex
5063:Jesuit Collegium
5053:Armenian Statute
5025:
5018:
5011:
5002:
5001:
4880:Treblinka trials
4865:
4864:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4679:Graebe affidavit
4672:Witness accounts
4618:Frank memorandum
4603:
4602:
4498:
4497:
4485:Szmul Zygielbojm
4475:Frumka Płotnicka
4435:Leon Feldhendler
4420:Icchak Cukierman
4374:Ghetto uprisings
4304:
4297:
4290:
4281:
4280:
4225:Schutzmannschaft
4046:Feodor Fedorenko
3996:
3995:
3904:Wolfgang Birkner
3692:Heinrich Schwarz
3682:Josef Oberhauser
3657:Heinrich Matthes
3541:Dieter Wisliceny
3531:Richard Thomalla
3506:Heinz Reinefarth
3456:Heinrich Himmler
3401:
3400:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3326:Other atrocities
2963:
2962:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2692:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2662:
2632:
2613:Yoman getto Lvov
2564:Filip Friedman,
2547:
2521:
2496:
2471:(2–4): 209–243.
2455:Himka, John-Paul
2450:
2424:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2384:db.yadvashem.org
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2336:db.yadvashem.org
2328:
2322:
2321:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2235:Filip Friedman,
2233:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2211:
2200:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2164:
2158:
2151:Richard Breitman
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2129:on March 7, 2012
2115:
2109:
2108:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1875:David F. Shamoon
1835:Simon Wiesenthal
1611:
1604:
1597:
1500:Rescuers of Jews
1406:Nuremberg trials
1337:Ghetto uprisings
1297:Jewish partisans
1254:
1253:
1202:Holocaust trains
1015:
1014:
780:Mauthausen-Gusen
655:
654:
423:Verfügungstruppe
313:Heinrich Himmler
286:
279:
278:
256:
246:
231:
230:
41:
31:
19:
18:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5685:
5651:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5624:
5571:
5545:
5531:Shevchenkivskyi
5500:
5491:Ukraina Stadium
5481:Skarbek Theatre
5451:Pharmacy Museum
5426:National Museum
5406:Lviv University
5396:Korniakt Palace
5361:Black Kamienica
5332:
5328:Latin Cathedral
5224:
5212:
5123:Ruthenian Triad
5034:
5029:
4999:
4990:
4957:
4910:
4901:Stutthof trials
4884:
4854:
4811:
4808:
4767:
4753:Holocaust train
4722:
4706:
4694:Witold's Report
4684:Gerstein Report
4667:
4633:Katzmann Report
4613:Auschwitz Album
4588:
4527:
4489:
4455:Michał Klepfisz
4403:
4362:
4311:
4308:
4271:
4211:
4181:Ordnungspolizei
4151:
4130:
4111:Erich Muhsfeldt
4041:Margot Dreschel
4026:Alexander Bülow
3983:
3979:Udo von Woyrsch
3969:Hermann Schaper
3964:Emanuel Schäfer
3949:Josef Meisinger
3909:Helmut Bischoff
3888:
3844:Heinz Auerswald
3832:
3774:
3722:
3716:
3712:Christian Wirth
3622:Gottlieb Hering
3545:
3511:Julian Scherner
3496:Georg Michalsen
3481:Franz Kutschera
3441:Odilo Globocnik
3392:
3389:
3352:
3321:
3183:
3141:
3122:Kielce cemetery
3076:
3013:
2952:
2949:
2912:
2823:
2818:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2734:
2686:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2630:
2578:
2576:Further reading
2552:The documentary
2544:
2518:
2447:
2421:
2402:
2397:
2388:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2340:
2338:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2298:
2294:
2287:
2279:. p. lvi.
2267:
2263:
2255:
2251:
2234:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2165:
2161:
2149:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2042:
2034:
2030:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1865:
1754:Aktion Reinhard
1744:(lower right)
1734:
1705:bridge of death
1683:
1660:Einsatzgruppe C
1625:
1615:
1586:
1585:
1566:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1540:
1536:
1518:
1510:
1509:
1481:
1478:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1426:
1416:
1415:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1371:
1370:
1325:Witold's Report
1251:
1241:
1240:
1070:Radziłów pogrom
1012:
1004:
1003:
652:
644:
643:
635:
632:
628:
569:
559:
558:
519:
509:
508:
499:Madagascar Plan
474:
466:
465:
457:Nazi ideologues
453:
363:Christian Wirth
338:Odilo Globocnik
323:Heinrich Müller
318:Joseph Goebbels
282:
276:
266:
244:
229:
221:Western Ukraine
193:
150:getto we Lwowie
107:
65:
39:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5694:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5581:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5546:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5512:
5510:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5461:Sapieha Palace
5458:
5456:Potocki Palace
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5351:Arsenal Museum
5348:
5342:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5028:
5027:
5020:
5013:
5005:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4967:
4965:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4943:Sobibór Museum
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4869:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4784:
4777:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4714:
4712:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4700:Sonderkommando
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4643:Posen speeches
4640:
4638:Korherr Report
4635:
4630:
4628:Höfle telegram
4625:
4620:
4615:
4609:
4607:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4470:Witold Pilecki
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4445:Henryk Iwański
4442:
4440:Paweł Frenkiel
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4284:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4245:Arajs Kommando
4221:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4174:
4167:Einsatzgruppen
4163:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4121:Alice Orlowski
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4036:John Demjanjuk
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3993:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Gerhard Flesch
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3895:Einsatzgruppen
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3840:
3838:
3837:Ghetto command
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3818:Horst Schumann
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3677:Johann Niemann
3674:
3669:
3664:
3662:Hermann Michel
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3637:Karl-Otto Koch
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3577:Irmfried Eberl
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3466:Fritz Katzmann
3463:
3458:
3453:
3451:Arthur Greiser
3448:
3446:Richard Glücks
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Ludwig Fischer
3428:
3423:
3421:Adolf Eichmann
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3365:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3085:Mass shootings
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3072:Danzig-Matzkau
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3037:Kraków-Płaszów
3034:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2756:
2755:
2746:
2741:
2733:
2732:External links
2730:
2729:
2728:
2714:
2700:
2695:Weiss, Jakob,
2693:
2641:(2): 336–363.
2623:
2616:
2590:
2581:Marek Herman,
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2557:Aharon Weiss,
2555:
2548:
2542:
2522:
2516:
2497:
2451:
2445:
2425:
2420:978-1474232227
2419:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2371:
2347:
2323:
2316:
2310:. p. 61.
2292:
2285:
2261:
2249:
2223:
2186:
2159:
2140:
2110:
2107:on 2005-03-11.
2084:
2064:
2052:
2050:, p. 137.
2040:
2038:, p. 218.
2028:
2016:
2014:, p. 229.
2004:
2002:, p. 227.
1992:
1990:, p. 211.
1980:
1968:
1956:
1954:, p. 802.
1944:
1942:, p. 136.
1932:
1916:
1914:, p. 210.
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1864:
1861:
1827:Chaim Widawski
1733:
1730:
1692:Fritz Katzmann
1682:
1679:
1675:Symon Petliura
1621:Main article:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1554:intentionalism
1550:
1549:
1548:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1479:to death camps
1475:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:Denazification
1408:
1403:
1395:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1310:Witold Pilecki
1307:
1303:Sonderkommando
1299:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1285:Alfréd Wetzler
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1176:Final Solution
1170:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1114:
1113:
1110:Einsatzgruppen
1105:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
999:
998:
997:
992:
990:Einsatzgruppen
987:
982:
977:
969:
968:
962:
961:
960:
959:
952:
945:
940:
930:
929:
923:
922:
921:
920:
914:
913:
909:
908:
903:
897:
896:
892:
891:
885:
884:
880:
879:
874:
868:
867:
861:
860:
855:
849:
848:
842:
841:
835:
834:
833:
832:
827:
822:
820:Theresienstadt
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
755:Gonars (Italy)
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
719:
718:
710:
709:
708:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
664:
663:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
629:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
570:
565:
564:
561:
560:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
520:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
489:Nuremberg Laws
486:
481:
475:
473:Early policies
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
461:
460:
459:
452:
451:
445:
442:
441:
440:
439:
434:
427:
419:
415:Sturmabteilung
411:
408:Einsatzgruppen
404:
396:
388:
383:
375:
374:
368:
367:
366:
365:
360:
355:
350:
348:Richard Glücks
345:
340:
335:
333:Adolf Eichmann
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
295:
294:
288:
287:
277:
274:Responsibility
272:
271:
268:
267:
257:
249:
248:
240:
239:
228:
225:
192:
189:
142:Ghetto Lemberg
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
56:
52:
51:
49:Ghetto Lemberg
42:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5693:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5641:
5640:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5466:Scottish Café
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5416:Market Square
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5323:Jesuit Church
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5219:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Lwów Uprising
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:Battle (1939)
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5158:Battle (1920)
5156:
5154:
5153:Pogrom (1918)
5151:
5149:
5148:Battle (1918)
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Galician Rada
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5026:
5021:
5019:
5014:
5012:
5007:
5006:
5003:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:Kielce pogrom
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4805:
4800:
4798:
4793:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4778:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4703:
4701:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4658:Stroop Report
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4598:Documentation
4595:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:Marek Edelman
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4316:Organizations
4314:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4217:Collaboration
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4160:Organizations
4158:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4106:Eduard Lorenz
4104:
4102:
4101:Anton Lechner
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4086:Josef Kollmer
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4056:Kurt Gerstein
4054:
4052:
4051:Hans Hoffmann
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4021:Juana Bormann
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3959:Erich Naumann
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3914:Lothar Beutel
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3884:Jürgen Stroop
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:Josef Blösche
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3828:Eduard Wirths
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:Josef Mengele
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3803:Horst Fischer
3801:
3799:
3798:Karl Gebhardt
3796:
3794:
3793:Carl Clauberg
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3765:Ludwig Plagge
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Herbert Lange
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3735:Kurt Bolender
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Gustav Wagner
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3632:Franz Hössler
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3597:Karl Fritzsch
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3567:Wilhelm Boger
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Erwin Lambert
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Wilhelm Koppe
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Hermann Höfle
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3426:Theodor Eicke
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3406:
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3399:
3395:
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3130:
3128:
3127:Aktion Krakau
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3097:Bloody Sunday
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
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3040:
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3020:
3019:Concentration
3016:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2967:Extermination
2964:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2919:
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2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:The Holocaust
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2754:
2750:
2749:Lviv, Ukraine
2747:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2723:
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2715:
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2629:
2624:
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2617:
2614:
2610:
2609:0-87023-726-8
2606:
2603:Press, 1990.
2602:
2598:
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2435:. Princeton,
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2416:
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2404:
2403:
2385:
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2375:
2361:
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2327:
2319:
2317:0-8135-2820-8
2313:
2309:
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2296:
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2273:
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2204:
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2190:
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2098:
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2079:
2074:
2068:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1978:, p. 41.
1977:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1892:
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1871:
1867:
1866:
1860:
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1853:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1831:Leon Sperling
1828:
1823:
1821:
1817:
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1721:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:Brigadeführer
1678:
1676:
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1569:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1537:European Jews
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
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1250:
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1232:Death marches
1230:
1228:
1227:Wola massacre
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1219:
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1214:
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1208:
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1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:Kristallnacht
1028:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
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976:
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964:
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956:Sanitätswesen
953:
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831:
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823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:Sachsenhausen
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:Herzogenbusch
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
730:Bergen-Belsen
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
720:
717:
716:
712:
711:
706:
703:
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698:
696:
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525:
522:
521:
518:
513:
512:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
484:Nazi eugenics
482:
480:
479:Racial policy
477:
476:
470:
469:
458:
455:
454:
450:
447:
446:
444:
443:
438:
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410:
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401:
397:
395:
393:
392:Schutzstaffel
389:
387:
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382:
379:
378:
377:
376:
373:
372:Organizations
370:
369:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
343:Theodor Eicke
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
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303:
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293:
290:
289:
285:
281:
280:
275:
270:
269:
264:
260:
255:
251:
250:
247:
245:The Holocaust
242:
241:
237:
233:
232:
224:
222:
218:
214:
209:
205:
201:
197:
188:
186:
182:
178:
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167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
93:
91:Organizations
89:
85:
83:Incident type
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
43:
40:Also known as
37:
30:
25:
20:
5637:
5562:Briukhovychi
5550:City Council
5541:Zaliznychnyi
5526:Lychakivskyi
5192:
5143:Lwów Eaglets
4699:
4623:Höcker Album
4606:Nazi sources
4494:Victim lists
4460:Miles Lerman
4267:Trawniki men
4207:Hotel Polski
4116:Detlef Nebbe
4081:Oswald Kaduk
4076:Karl Jeschke
3954:Bruno Müller
3944:Felix Landau
3929:Ernst Damzog
3924:Karl Brunner
3893:
3869:Franz Konrad
3770:Adolf Theuer
3723:executioners
3702:Franz Stangl
3672:Robert Mulka
3642:Josef Kramer
3592:Karl Frenzel
3562:Richard Baer
3557:Hans Aumeier
3550:Camp command
3536:Otto Wächter
3416:Josef Bühler
3411:Viktor Brack
3397:Perpetrators
3231:
2989:
2831:Main article
2757:
2717:
2667:cite journal
2638:
2634:
2619:
2612:
2596:
2593:Dawid Kahane
2582:
2565:
2530:
2502:
2468:
2462:
2432:
2410:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:
2374:
2363:. Retrieved
2359:
2350:
2339:. Retrieved
2335:
2326:
2302:
2295:
2271:
2264:
2252:
2236:
2214:. Retrieved
2207:the original
2202:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2172:
2162:
2154:
2131:. Retrieved
2127:the original
2122:
2113:
2105:the original
2096:
2087:
2076:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2007:
1995:
1983:
1971:
1959:
1947:
1935:
1919:
1907:
1868:
1849:
1838:
1824:
1822:from 1945).
1809:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1778:
1769:
1747:
1732:Deportations
1712:
1710:
1704:
1699:
1686:
1684:
1668:
1643:
1636:press-ganged
1626:
1623:Lviv pogroms
1543:
1533:
1523:Bibliography
1399:
1335:
1302:
1275:Jerzy Tabeau
1215:
1173:
1108:
1018:
965:
954:
947:
935:
926:
838:
713:
658:
603:
437:Trawniki men
429:
422:
414:
406:
399:
391:
371:
308:Adolf Hitler
300:
291:
284:Nazi Germany
194:
174:
133:
131:
5661:Lwów Ghetto
5516:Frankivskyi
5338:Attractions
5248:Boim Chapel
5193:Lwów Ghetto
4743:Gas chamber
4711:Concealment
4702:photographs
4549:Gross-Rosen
4518:Lviv (Lwów)
4480:Roza Robota
4384:Częstochowa
4016:Herta Bothe
4006:Hans Anhalt
3999:Camp guards
3939:Ludwig Hahn
3919:Paul Blobel
3859:Franz Bürkl
3849:Hans Biebow
3808:Fritz Klein
3745:Josef Klehr
3730:Erich Bauer
3721:Gas chamber
3667:Karl Möckel
3652:Maria Mandl
3627:Rudolf Höss
3612:Otto Hantke
3501:Oswald Pohl
3491:Ernst Lerch
3302:Stanisławów
3212:Częstochowa
3102:Bronna Góra
3032:Gross-Rosen
3027:Auschwitz I
2779: /
2599:. Amherst:
2216:January 30,
2179:January 31,
1926:, pp.
1870:In Darkness
1752:as part of
1750:death camps
1717:Magen David
1694:became the
1664:death squad
1565:Remembrance
1362:Częstochowa
1305:photographs
1280:Rudolf Vrba
1130:Częstochowa
1080:Lviv (Lvov)
980:Gas chamber
895:Netherlands
795:Ravensbrück
760:Gross-Rosen
725:Auschwitz I
549:Homosexuals
539:Soviet POWs
358:Rudolf Höss
154:Nazi ghetto
134:Lwów Ghetto
63:Zamarstynów
22:Lwów Ghetto
5655:Categories
5590:Trolleybus
5536:Sykhivskyi
5376:Forum Lviv
5346:Arena Lviv
5103:Ossolineum
4066:Irma Grese
4061:Paul Götze
4031:Luise Danz
3780:Physicians
3587:Kurt Franz
3436:Hans Frank
3404:Organizers
3348:Heidelager
2764:49°50′22″N
2726:089604159X
2712:1429961252
2446:0691096031
2400:References
2389:2019-06-12
2365:2019-06-12
2360:socha.html
2341:2019-06-12
2101:Yad Vashem
2060:Himka 2011
2048:Beorn 2018
2036:Himka 2011
2024:Himka 2011
2012:Himka 2011
2000:Himka 2011
1988:Himka 2011
1952:Kulke 2012
1940:Beorn 2018
1924:Gross 2002
1912:Himka 2011
1681:The ghetto
1249:Resistance
1140:Ninth Fort
1095:Vel' d'Hiv
1011:Atrocities
906:Westerbork
901:Amersfoort
785:Neuengamme
775:Kaiserwald
740:Buchenwald
735:Bogdanovka
381:Nazi Party
265:, May 1944
191:Background
5577:Transport
5521:Halytskyi
5507:Districts
5486:Town Hall
5078:Lwów Oath
4920:Memorials
4817:Aftermath
4584:Treblinka
4539:Auschwitz
4394:Treblinka
4379:Białystok
4367:Uprisings
4147:Treblinka
3992:Personnel
3760:Otto Moll
3750:Hans Koch
3602:Amon Göth
3333:Action T4
3297:Sosnowiec
3267:Nowy Sącz
3202:Białystok
3169:Szczuczyn
3117:Erntefest
3107:Bydgoszcz
3092:Białystok
3007:Treblinka
2883:Lithuania
2767:24°1′58″E
2753:JewishGen
2655:159856277
2493:159577084
2485:0008-5006
1928:17, 28–30
1669:A second
1632:Wehrmacht
1517:Resources
1441:Survivors
1424:Aftermath
1400:St. Louis
1352:Białystok
1165:Erntefest
1125:Bydgoszcz
1085:Marseille
1055:Szczuczyn
1035:Bucharest
927:Divisions
853:Breendonk
825:Uckermark
805:Salaspils
705:Treblinka
685:Jasenovac
574:Białystok
431:Wehrmacht
263:Auschwitz
123:Survivors
5639:Category
5446:Old Town
5230:Religion
5118:Prosvita
5048:Timeline
4763:Zyklon B
4579:Trawniki
4574:Stutthof
4559:Majdanek
3307:Tarnopol
3247:Lubartów
3159:Jedwabne
3062:Trawniki
3052:Stutthof
3042:Potulice
2985:Majdanek
2903:Slovakia
2457:(2011).
2431:(2002).
2409:(2018).
2259:, p. 266
2245:38706656
2133:April 4,
1863:See also
1812:Red Army
1773:Judenrat
1765:Janowska
1150:Piaśnica
1120:Babi Yar
1060:Jedwabne
912:Slovakia
858:Mechelen
810:Stutthof
770:Janowska
695:Sajmište
690:Majdanek
579:Budapest
236:a series
234:Part of
183:and the
152:) was a
55:Location
5605:Airport
5585:Tramway
5557:Vynnyky
5138:Batiars
5040:History
4748:Gas van
4564:Sobibór
4501:Ghettos
4408:Leaders
4389:Sobibor
4142:Sobibor
4135:By camp
3282:Siedlce
3189:Ghettos
3174:Tykocin
3146:Pogroms
3132:Palmiry
3057:Szebnie
3002:Sobibor
2980:Chełmno
2908:Ukraine
2893:Romania
2873:Germany
2863:Estonia
2858:Denmark
2853:Croatia
2848:Belgium
2843:Belarus
2529:(ed.).
1805:bunkers
1793:illegal
1160:Rumbula
1090:Tykocin
1040:Dorohoi
1020:Pogroms
975:Gas van
889:Bolzano
847:Belgium
700:Sobibor
680:Chełmno
624:Vilnius
567:Ghettos
517:Victims
425:(SS-VT)
402:(SS-TV)
386:Gestapo
162:Ukraine
115:Victims
4860:Trials
4835:Bricha
4569:Soldau
4554:Izbica
4544:Bełżec
4523:Warsaw
4508:Kraków
4348:Żegota
3317:Warsaw
3292:Słonim
3287:Sambor
3262:Mizocz
3252:Lublin
3227:Kraków
3222:Kielce
3217:Grodno
3197:Będzin
3179:Wąsosz
3155:(1946)
3153:Kielce
3067:Warsaw
3047:Soldau
2997:Belzec
2898:Russia
2888:Norway
2878:Latvia
2868:France
2724:
2710:
2653:
2607:
2540:
2514:
2491:
2483:
2443:
2417:
2314:
2283:
2243:
2119:"Lvov"
2073:"Lwów"
1816:Polish
1781:aktion
1758:Belzec
1671:pogrom
1655:pogrom
1651:Kraków
1644:ad hoc
1431:Bricha
1357:Łachwa
1347:Warsaw
1292:Bricha
1155:Ponary
1145:Odessa
1100:Wąsosz
1075:Kaunas
1065:Plungė
877:Drancy
865:France
830:Warsaw
745:Dachau
675:Bełżec
619:Warsaw
599:Lublin
589:Kraków
584:Kaunas
292:People
177:ghetto
146:Polish
138:German
45:German
5567:Rudne
4532:Camps
4192:RKFDV
3312:Wilno
3277:Radom
3272:Pińsk
3207:Brest
3112:Dynów
2958:Camps
2651:S2CID
2631:(PDF)
2489:S2CID
2210:(PDF)
2199:(PDF)
1900:Notes
1789:legal
1465:Lists
1050:Izieu
918:Sereď
883:Italy
651:Camps
609:Minsk
534:Poles
5032:Lviv
4975:List
4513:Łódź
4333:Bund
4197:VoMi
4187:WVHA
3242:Łódź
3232:Lwów
3164:Lviv
2722:ISBN
2708:ISBN
2689:link
2682:help
2659:here
2605:ISBN
2538:ISBN
2512:ISBN
2481:ISSN
2441:ISBN
2415:ISBN
2312:ISBN
2281:ISBN
2241:OCLC
2218:2015
2181:2015
2135:2012
1877:and
1640:NKVD
1628:Lviv
1045:Iași
872:Gurs
750:Dora
614:Riga
604:Lwów
594:Łódź
524:Jews
417:(SA)
394:(SS)
259:Jews
213:NKVD
196:Lviv
175:The
158:Lviv
132:The
101:Camp
75:Date
59:Lwów
5595:Bus
4358:ŻZW
4353:ŻOB
4343:PKB
4328:AOB
2751:at
2643:doi
2473:doi
1398:MS
790:Rab
168:in
126:823
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4338:GL
4323:AK
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4255:,
4251:,
4247:,
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238:on
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144:;
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