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618:, the cathedral was structurally complete in 1907; heating and ventilation were operational in 1908, enabling year-round work on the finishes. In 1907, Kosyakov brothers switched to producing detailed drawings and instructions to craftsmen and suppliers of interior finishes. 19 August 1908, they presented the revised album of these drawings to the Romanovs. Nicholas and
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servicemen and general public. From 1898 to 1913, all servicemen of the Baltic Fleet were charged 1/400 of their salary to finance the construction; this amounted to 280 thousand roubles, not including truly voluntary donations. Later, as the project unfolded, it became obvious that private donations were insufficient and the state treasury paid for most of the costs.
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By 1903, Kosyakov brothers produced a complete album containing nearly a thousand graphic sheets detailing the structure, exterior and internal design of yet unbuilt cathedral. Physically, the graphics were executed by Georgy
Kosyakov. Plan, structure, external outline is credited to Vasily Kosyakov;
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to refresh his understanding of genuine
Byzantine art. In April 1901, he presented two preliminary drafts to the Commission of the Navy; the selected draft was approved by Nicholas II 21 May 1901. Kosyakov departed from his preferred proportions of a tall cathedral with a relatively small main dome;
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The second contest of 1897 also failed; the only draft deemed worthy of execution was too small for the intended purpose. Finally, in 1898, the Navy lifted some of size and cost constraints; this time, the building had to be large enough to be visible from large distance; "the Cross of the cathedral
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hits. Post-war "reconstruction" of 1953—54 finally converted the cathedral to a functioning concert hall. This time, the builders added a suspended ceiling that isolated the nave from the dome; it remained in place as of the end of 2007. Reduction of military personnel in the 1960s made the concert
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In 1897, the Navy declared an international architectural contest for the design of
Kronstadt cathedral and established a fund to finance construction. Typically for Russia, the project was sponsored by the state, intended for the state Navy, but initially financed by personal donations of the Navy
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personally ordered the closure of the unsafe church and it was demolished in 1841. For the next half century worship occurred in temporary locations — in hospitals, barracks and even rented private houses; a temporary wooden church built in 1861 was inadequate for the ten thousand
Kronstadt seamen
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528:(1872–1925) was a talented graphic artist; he worked on interiors and finishes while Vasily handled overall and structural design. Makarov personally instructed Kosyakov that the cathedral must accommodate 5,000 worshippers and follow the historical Byzantine canon.
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and nearly ended in a disaster: the seven-meter cross fell from the dome and was damaged beyond repair; there were no human injuries. The third cross was successfully erected 24 November 2002. Three years later, 2 November 2005, the church celebrated the first
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The cathedral was consecrated in a public ceremony attended by
Nicholas II and his family 10 June 1913. Total cost reached an unprecedented amount of 1,955,000 roubles, not including donations in kind and unpaid labor by the seamen and civilians.
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from the start. Numerous Navy requests for construction funding were turned down or simply left unanswered, despite the fact that the cost of a building as large as a contemporary cathedral (200 to 500 thousand roubles) was less than 10% of a
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The
Russian Orthodox Church attempted to repossess the cathedral in the 1990s. The first cross to be reinstalled on the main dome was made in 1996 but was not erected due to financial problems. The second attempt, in 2002, employed a heavy
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The cathedral operated as such for only 16 years. It was closed 14 October 1929 by the communist regime and its valuables were nationalized to the state treasury. A small portion of these relics were displayed at the Museum of Navy and the
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found
Tomishko’s draft too weak artistically and too small for the purpose. He requested the Emperor to reconsider his choice; after nearly two years of delays, Nicholas agreed to discard Tomishko’s draft in June 1900.
334:, director of the Imperial Russian Navy Ministry, started preparations to build a cathedral in Kronstadt in earnest. Tyrtov insisted that the cathedral be built on the site identified nearly two centuries earlier by
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or paintings on the inner surface of the dome. These constraints failed the first contest. Only three architects dared to participate, reusing already familiar past drafts; all three were rejected.
330:, was gradually decentralized in the 1880s–1890s. The right to initiate individual construction projects passed from the Emperor himself to imperial ministers and department chiefs. In 1896 admiral
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The same applied to "military" churches in the
Caucasus, where state budget or private transfers by Romanovs accounted for one third of total costs or less. The rest was paid by the Army officers.
382:— 900 worshippers). The client was well aware of new construction technologies and welcomed their use as long as it helped to balance the budget. The basement level was reserved only for
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Tyrtov underestimated the costs. Kharkiv cathedral was consecrated in 1897 but work continued until 1901; the final cost was over 400,000 roubles (Savelyev, 2005, pp. 111–2).
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661:. Most interior paintings were executed by the school of Mikhail Vasilyev; icons were painted by Appolon Troitsky. Adjacent park was designed by E. G. Gilbikh.
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Original interiors in 1914. The altar is raised on a 4 m (13 ft) high platform. Base of the main dome is set at 52 m (171 ft) height.
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until 1840, when the counterweights balancing the church bells broke through the rotting floors and seriously damaged the belltower structure. Emperor
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in the Naval
Cathedral since 1929. In September 2008 the cathedral became operational again, but services were only conducted on special occasions.
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in
Istanbul and was well aware of the genuine Byzantine tradition. Another likely version links the change to direct influence of professor
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and fuel storage, saving the costs of establishing a second "winter (i.e. heated) church". The specifications did not prescribe a specific
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The first Orthodox church in Kronstadt was built in 1728–31. The wooden church remained the main place of worship in Russia's largest
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27 October 1901, the 14,000 strong garrison of Kronstadt was summoned for the groundbreaking on Anchor Square. Earthwork and work on
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In 1930—1931 the communist authorities had the cathedral defaced: its crosses and bells were toppled over and hauled to the
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275:. The cathedral was closed in 1929, was converted to a cinema, a House of Officers (1939) and a museum of the Navy (1980).
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The Russian Orthodox Church reinstalled the cross on the main dome in 2002 and (for the first time since 1929) served the
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The cathedral then underwent extensive repairs, restoration, and improvements, and was reconsecrated on 30 May 2013, by
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base continued through 1902; the walls were laid in a massive ceremony 8 May 1903, with the Emperor in attendance.
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in Saint Petersburg. Kosyakov, still in his twenties, had perfected the optimal proportions of a single-dome, four-
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called for immediate start of construction work. However, the newly appointed commander of Kronstadt base admiral
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In summer of 1909 the external finishes were completed, and the scaffolds removed. The building was clad in black
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In 2023, Ukrainian intelligence services alleged that the cathedral now functions as the headquarters of a
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The contest specified cathedral size in terms of number of worshippers — one thousand men, 16 per square
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instead he opted for a wide (26 meters) but relatively low dome in line with the proportions of
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Official site of Saint Petersburg Diocese. Report of Protopresbyter of the Navy, 5 August 1896
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detailed artwork of interior finishes to Georgy. Interior features were clearly influenced by
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Official site of Saint Petersburg Diocese. Letter of St. John of Kronstadt, 27 February 1898
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hall redundant; in 1980 the cathedral reopened as a branch of the Central Museum of Navy.
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responded with numerous amendments and changes that were implemented by spring of 1909.
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834:(Савельев, Ю. Р. Искуство историзма и государственный заказ. - М., 2008) Moscow, 2008.
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Official site of Saint Petersburg Diocese. Correspondence of Director of Navy in 1896
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The cathedral was equipped with an independent central heating and a central
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Official site of Saint Petersburg Diocese. Construction of the cathedral
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In 1932 the cathedral nave was converted to a cinema, frivolously named
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Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Saint Petersburg
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Russian Orthodox Church cathedral building in Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Official site of Saint Petersburg Diocese. Cathedral in Soviet period
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Construction management, extremely centralized until the reign of
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and valves. Electrical lighting employed 5 thousand light bulbs.
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school. In 1895–1904, Kosyakov was managing the construction of
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Savelyev, Yu. R. Iskusstvo istorizma i gosudarstvernny zakaz
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Suspended ceiling, built in 1956 (photo before renovation)
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and his spouse attending, conducted the ceremony of grand
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A nearly identical copy of Astrakhan church was built in
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Savelyev, Yu. R. Vizantiysky stil v architecture Rossii
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and his wife at the festivities in the Naval cathedral.
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cathedral built in 1903–1913 as the main church of the
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Byzantine design; his 1888–1891 drafts of a church in
398:must be the first item visible to incoming ships".
338:and reasoned that it should not cost more than the
668:system employing a complex network of pressurized
796:List of largest Eastern Orthodox church buildings
629:(base and columns) and yellow brick (walls) with
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500:Makarov took control of the project and invited
895:"Меры и пропорции Морского собора в Кронштадте"
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562:Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul in Peterhof
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614:Despite social unrest that culminated in the
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1292:Art Nouveau architecture in Saint Petersburg
49:The Kronstadt Naval Cathedral in August 2015
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504:(1862–1921), already a renowned master of
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1302:1913 establishments in the Russian Empire
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531:In 1900–01, Vasily Kosyakov travelled to
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1252:Kronstadt Naval Cathedral in 60 seconds
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1162:(Savelyev, 2005, pp. 257–61).
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115:59.991709611°N 29.777871083°E
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552:, Kosyakov's teacher at the
366:— 4,000), more on par with "
271:and dedicated to all fallen
24:Naval St. Nicholas Cathedral
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1307:Church buildings with domes
961:Savelyev, 2005, pp. 97–122.
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616:Russian Revolution of 1905
506:Neo-Byzantine architecture
317:pre-dreadnought battleship
206:3,400 m² (exterior-stairs)
120:59.991709611; 29.777871083
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257:Морской Никольский собор
196:63.8 m (exterior-stairs)
186:83.2 m (exterior-stairs)
29:Морской Никольский Собор
1186:Savelyev, 2005, p. 177.
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994:Savelyev, 2008, p. 143.
574:Romanesque architecture
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286:, with Prime Minister
93:Geographic coordinates
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633:inserts. Inside, the
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522:Our Lady the Merciful
474:Western (main) facade
362:— 2,000 worshippers,
340:new Kharkov cathedral
858:Interior = 3,000 m².
730:, transliterated in
655:Mitrofan of Voronezh
80:Yakornaya Square 1,
1152:Kamianets-Podilskyi
901:on 30 December 2017
388:architectural style
342:(200,000 roubles).
284:Patriarch of Russia
242:Naval cathedral of
204:3,000 m² (interior)
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840:978-5-903060-60-3
520:(itself based on
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323:4 to 6 million).
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903:. Retrieved
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659:Foma Raylian
651:John of Rila
637:was made of
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542:Hagia Sophia
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346:The contests
332:Pavel Tyrtov
328:Alexander II
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269:Russian Navy
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211:Height (max)
163:10 June 1913
137:Architect(s)
131:Architecture
18:
905:30 December
742:(akin to a
736:Maxim Gorky
711:" in 1970.
709:written off
635:iconostasis
631:terra cotta
598:icon screen
596:The marble
570:Art Nouveau
422:Nicholas II
418:tradition.
298:cathedral.
118: /
61:Affiliation
1261:Categories
1156:Svencionys
807:References
777:centennial
761:helicopter
312:Nicholas I
308:naval base
302:Background
1312:Kronstadt
752:artillery
705:foundries
680:Operation
670:manifolds
647:Theotokos
641:from the
620:Alexandra
518:Astrakhan
319:’s cost (
248:Kronstadt
160:Completed
82:Kronstadt
1207:Archived
1121:Archived
1073:Archived
1042:Archived
980:Archived
947:Archived
926:Archived
790:See also
732:Cyrillic
724:New Star
605:concrete
533:Istanbul
372:Caucasus
368:garrison
296:restored
173:Capacity
77:Location
72:Location
55:Religion
728:English
627:granite
609:granite
546:attache
487:artwork
392:mosaics
384:boilers
364:Kharkiv
336:Peter I
263:) is a
253:Russian
227:Website
838:
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639:marble
537:Greece
437:Design
380:Kielce
356:sazhen
273:seamen
222:29.8 m
181:Length
846:Notes
643:Urals
191:Width
176:5,000
149:Style
907:2017
836:ISBN
820:ISBN
726:(in
653:and
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514:apse
374:and
240:The
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321:RUB
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
