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presence of men. The contemporary understanding of the hijab dates back to Hadith when the "verse of the hijab" descended upon the community in 627 CE. Now documented in Sura 33:53, the verse states, "And when you ask for something, ask them from behind a partition. That is purer for your hearts and their hearts". This verse, however, was not addressed to women in general, but exclusively to
Muhammad's wives. As Muhammad's influence increased, he entertained more and more visitors in the mosque, which was then his home. Often, these visitors stayed the night only feet away from his wives' apartments. It is commonly understood that this verse was intended to protect his wives from these strangers. During Muhammad's lifetime the term for donning the veil,
257:˹O Prophet!˺ Tell the believing men to lower their gaze and guard their chastity. That is purer for them. Surely Allah is aware of what they do. And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and guard their chastity, and not to reveal their adornments except what normally appears. Let them draw their veils over their chests, and not reveal their adornments except to their husbands, their fathers, their fathers-in-law, their sons, their stepsons, their brothers, their brothers’ sons or sisters’ sons, their fellow women, those ˹bondwomen˺ in their possession, male attendants with no desire, or children who are still unaware of women’s nakedness. Let them not stomp their feet, drawing attention to their hidden adornments......
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1226:, a news organization based in the UK. The Iranian government has enforced their penal dress codes less strictly and instead of imprisonment as a punishment have implemented mandatory reform classes in the liberal capital, Tehran. General Hossein Rahimi, the Tehran's police chief stated, "Those who do not observe the Islamic dress code will no longer be taken to detention centers, nor will judicial cases be filed against them" (Smith, 2017). The remarks of Tehran's recent police chief in 2017 reflect political progress in contrast with the remarks of Tehran's 2006 police chief. Iranian women activists have made a headway since 1979 relying on fashion to enact cultural and political change.
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1855:, a style of swimwear intended to accord with rules of hijab. Dozens of women were subsequently issued fines, with some tickets citing not wearing "an outfit respecting good morals and secularism", and some were verbally attacked by bystanders when they were confronted by the police. Enforcement of the ban also hit beachgoers wearing a wide range of modest attire besides the burqini. Media reported that in one case the police forced a woman to remove part of her clothing on a beach in Nice. The Nice mayor's office denied that she was forced to do so and the mayor condemned what he called the "unacceptable provocation" of wearing such clothes in the aftermath of the
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time. Despite many criticisms of the practice of hijab being oppressive and detrimental to women's equality, many Muslim women view the way of dress to be a positive thing. It is seen as a way to avoid harassment and unwanted sexual advances in public and works to desexualize women in the public sphere in order to instead allow them to enjoy equal rights of complete legal, economic, and political status. This modesty was not only demonstrated by their chosen way of dress but also by their serious demeanor which worked to show their dedication to modesty and
Islamic beliefs.
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1804:. The upper house, Majlisi Milli, approved the legislation on June 19, following approval by the lower house, Majlisi Namoyandagon, on May 8. The bill specifically targets the hijab, a traditional Islamic headscarf. This formalization of restrictions comes after years of Tajikistan unofficially discouraging Islamic attire, including headscarves and bushy beards. In 2007, the Ministry of Education banned both Islamic clothing and Western-style miniskirts in schools, a policy later extended to all public institutions. Minister of Culture
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throughout the Middle East. Veiling of Arab Muslim women became especially pervasive under
Ottoman rule as a mark of rank and exclusive lifestyle, and Istanbul of the 17th century witnessed differentiated dress styles that reflected geographical and occupational identities. Women in rural areas were much slower to adopt veiling because the garments interfered with their work in the fields. Since wearing a veil was impractical for working women, "a veiled woman silently announced that her husband was rich enough to keep her idle."
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2027:, some of Islamophobia's manifestations are seen within the workplace. Women wearing the hijab are at risk of discrimination in their workplace because the hijab helps identify them for anyone who may hold Islamophobic attitudes. Their association with the Islamic faith automatically projects any negative stereotyping of the religion onto them. As a result of the heightened discrimination, some hijab-wearing Muslim women in the workplace resort to taking off their hijab in hopes to prevent any further prejudice acts.
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1536:, jilbab and niqab made a comeback. There were demonstrations in Iran in March 1979 after the hijab law, decreeing that women in Iran would have to wear scarves to leave the house, was brought in. However, this phenomenon did not happen in all countries with a significant Muslim population; in Turkey there has been a decline on women wearing the hijab in recent years, although under Erdoğan Turkey is becoming more conservative and Islamic, as Turkey repeals the
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includes equality), or by xenophobia/ethnic prejudice and by anti-religious sentiments. The studies have revealed the effects of subtle prejudice/racism, values (self-enhancement values and security versus universalism), and religious attitudes (literal anti-religious thinking versus spirituality), in predicting greater levels of anti-veil attitudes beyond the effects of other related variables such as age and political conservatism.
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1706:. The United Nations Human Rights Council has urged Iran to uphold the rights of those advocating for dress code reforms. Government and religious institutions mandate the khimar headscarf and overcoat, while women in other public areas often wear a loosely tied headscarf. The government officially promotes stricter veiling, citing both Islamic principles and pre-Islamic Iranian culture.
1986:, during which women wearing the hijab were detained and taken to a police station. Those who agreed to remove their hijab were released "after a conversation", while those who refused were transferred to the counterterrorism department and given a lecture. Their husbands or fathers were then summoned to convince the women to obey the police. This followed an earlier campaign in the
1583:, or awakening, and sparked a period of heightened religiosity that began to be reflected in the dress code. The uniform adopted by the young female pioneers of this movement was named al-Islāmī (Islamic dress) and was made up of an "al-jilbāb—an unfitted, long-sleeved, ankle-length gown in austere solid colors and thick opaque fabric—and al-khimār, a head cover resembling a nun's
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became also illegal in
Austria. This ban also includes scarves, masks and clown paint that cover faces to avoid discriminating against Muslim dress. In 2016, Bosnia-Herzegovina's supervising judicial authority upheld a ban on wearing Islamic headscarves in courts and legal institutions, despite protests from the Muslim community that constitutes 40% of the country. In 2017, the
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more easily identifiable as
Muslims, but because they are seen to represent a threat to the local moral order that the attackers are seeking to defend. Some women stop wearing the hijab out of fear or following perceived pressure from their acquaintances, but many refuse to stop wearing it out of religious conviction, even when they are urged to do so for self-protection.
1625:, the discussion and discourse on the hijab in Western nations intensified as Islamic traditions and theology came under greater scrutiny. According to the Harvard University Pluralism Project: "Some Muslim women cover their head only during prayer in the mosque; other Muslim women wear the hijab; still others may cover their head with a turban or a loosely draped scarf."
1839:, the niqāb has been banned since 2006. On 13 July 2010, France's lower house of parliament overwhelmingly approved a bill that would ban wearing the Islamic full veil in public. It became the first European country to ban the full-face veil in public places, followed by Belgium, Latvia, Bulgaria, Austria, Denmark and some cantons of Switzerland in the following years.
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differences between Muslim women who wore traditional
Islamic clothing and those who did not. However, covert discrimination was noted towards Muslim who wore the hijab, and as a result were dealt with in a hostile and rude manner. While observing hiring practices among 4,000 employers in the U.S., experimenters found that employers who self-identified as
190:. In some regions, the hijab is mandated by law, while in others, its use is subject to restrictions or bans in both Europe and some Muslim countries. Additionally, women face informal pressure regarding their choice to wear or not wear the hijab. Discrimination against Muslims often affects women more due to the hijab making them more visible, leading to
873:(a face covering worn by some Muslim women). In nearly all Muslim cultures, young girls are not required to wear a hijab. Some scholars argue that beyond the body of a woman, her voice is also a part of her "awrah" and should not be heard by men outside her immediate family. They cite some hadiths citing women's voices as a source of temptation and
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schoolgirls' lack of hijabs was reportedly a factor, leading to 15 deaths. In 2018, Crown Prince
Mohammad bin Salman stated that women must wear 'decent, respectful clothing,' and that women are free to decide what form it should take, though the hijab remains mandatory in Mecca and Medina which hosts the holiest sites in Islam.
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Pakistan, where more men favoured conservative women's dress. However, women more strongly support women's right to choose how to dress. People with university education are less conservative in their choice than those without one, and more supportive of women's right to decide their dress style, except in Saudi Arabia.
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dress they considered to be most appropriate in public. The survey found that the headscarf (in its tightly- or loosely-fitting form) was chosen by the majority of respondents in Egypt, Iraq, Tunisia and Turkey. The response rate for people of Turkey was just about 60%. In Saudi Arabia, 63% gave preference to the
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Hijab-wearing Muslim women not only experience discrimination whilst in their job environment; they also experience discrimination in their attempts to get a job. An experimental study conducted on potential hiring discrimination among
Muslims found that in terms of overt discrimination there were no
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Belgium banned the full-face veil in 2011 in places like parks and on the streets. In
September 2013, the electors of the Swiss canton of Ticino voted in favour of a ban on face veils in public areas. In 2016, Latvia and Bulgaria banned the burqa in public places. In October 2017, wearing a face veil
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had a ban on headscarves at universities until recently. In 2008, the
Turkish government attempted to lift a ban on Muslim headscarves at universities, but were overturned by the country's Constitutional Court. In December 2010, however, the Turkish government ended the headscarf ban in universities,
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The late-twentieth century saw a resurgence of the hijab in Egypt after a long period of decline as a result of westernization. Already in the mid-1970s some college aged Muslim men and women began a movement meant to reunite and rededicate themselves to the Islamic faith. This movement was named the
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Because Islam identified with the monotheistic religions of the conquered empires, the practice was adopted as an appropriate expression of Qur'anic ideals regarding modesty and piety. Veiling gradually spread to upper-class Arab women, and eventually it became widespread among Muslim women in cities
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The styles and practices of hijab vary widely across the world. An opinion poll conducted in 2014 by The University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research asked residents of seven Muslim-majority countries (Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Tunisia, Turkey, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia) which style of women's
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argues that all Islamic moderates agree that, in all cases, the decision whether to wear the hijab should be a woman's autonomous decision and that her choice must be respected because the moderate pro-choice position is based on the Quranic teachings that there ought to be no compulsion in religion.
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and Leila Ahmed, the requirements of the hijab were initially intended solely for Muhammad's wives, serving to preserve their sanctity. This was because Muhammad conducted religious and civic matters in the mosque next to his home. Leila Ahmed further explains that Muhammad aimed at fostering a sense
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A study by Ali et al. (2015) found a relationship between the discrimination Muslims face at work and their job satisfaction. In other words, the discrimination hijab-wearing Muslim women face at work is associated with their overall feeling of contentment of their jobs, especially compared to other
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ruled that companies were allowed to bar employees from wearing visible religious symbols, including the hijab. However, if the company has no policy regarding the wearing of clothes that demonstrate religious and political ideas, a customer cannot ask employees to remove the clothing item. In 2018,
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organization that they wanted to enforce the wearing of the hijab, to which Nasser responded, "Sir, I know you have a daughter in college, and she doesn't wear a headscarf or anything! Why don't you make her wear the headscarf? So you can't make one girl, your own daughter, wear it, and yet you want
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Intermixing of populations resulted in a convergence of the cultural practices of Greek, Persian, and Mesopotamian empires and the Semitic peoples of the Middle East. Veiling and seclusion of women appear to have established themselves among Jews and Christians before spreading to urban Arabs of the
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as separation can be classified into three types: as visual barrier, physical barrier, and ethical barrier. A visual barrier (for example, between Muhammad's family and the surrounding community) serves to hide from sight something, which places emphasis on a symbolic boundary. A physical barrier is
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in the Qur'an refers not to women's clothing, but rather a spatial partition or curtain. Sometimes its use is literal, as in the verse which refers to the screen that separated Muhammad's wives from the visitors to his house (33:53), while in other cases the word denotes separation between deity and
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post-9/11. Hijab-wearing Muslim women face both overt and covert discrimination in job applications and workplace environments, with covert bias often resulting in more hostile treatment. Perceived discrimination can harm well-being, but may also be overcome by religious pride and community; studies
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women, the hijab comes in various forms. Often, it specifically describes a scarf that is wrapped around the head, covering the hair, neck, and ears while leaving the face visible. The use of the hijab has grown globally since the 1970s, with many Muslims viewing it as a symbol of modesty and faith;
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The discrimination hijab-wearing Muslim women face goes beyond affecting their work experience; it also interferes with their decision to uphold religious obligations. As a result, hijab-wearing Muslim women in the United States have worries regarding their ability to follow their religion, because
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Soon this movement expanded outside of the youth realm and became a more widespread Muslim practice. Women viewed this way of dress as a way to both publicly announce their religious beliefs as well as a way to simultaneously reject western influences of dress and culture that were prevalent at the
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According to Leila Ahmed, the rigid norms pertaining to veiling and seclusion of women found in Christian Byzantine literature had been influenced by ancient Persian traditions, and there is evidence to suggest that they differed significantly from actual practice. Leila Ahmed argues that "Whatever
1332:). Modesty became an important rabbinic virtue in the early Roman period, and it may have been intended to distinguish Jewish women from their non-Jewish counterparts in Babylonian and later in Greco-Roman society. According to rabbinical precepts, married Jewish women have to cover their hair (cf.
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Veiling did not originate with the advent of Islam. Statuettes depicting veiled priestesses date back as far as 2500 BC. Elite women in ancient Mesopotamia and in the Byzantine, Greek, and Persian empires wore the veil as a sign of respectability and high status. In ancient Mesopotamia, Assyria had
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robe and the headscarf, received about a third of the votes each; while in Lebanon half of the respondents in the sample (which included Christians and Druze) opted for no head covering at all. The survey found "no significant difference" in the preferences between surveyed men and women, except in
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argues that head covering in Islam should not be seen as mandatory since it existed before the revelation of the Qur’an. It was introduced to Arabia through Arab interactions with Syria and Iran, where the hijab represented social status. Women who did not work in fields could afford to be secluded
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Therefore, it can be noted that the ideology of religion, attitude, and social context of the translators, as well as the involvement of the state, might affect the translation of the Holy Qur’an into various target languages. Gunawan, F. (2022). The ideology of translators in Quranic translation:
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In recent years, women wearing the hijab have been subjected to verbal and physical attacks worldwide, particularly following terrorist attacks. Louis A. Cainkar writes that the data suggest that women in hijab rather than men are the predominant target of anti-Muslim attacks, not because they are
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Strict seclusion and the veiling of matrons were also customary in ancient Greece. Between 550 and 323 BCE, prior to Christianity, respectable women in classical Greek society were expected to seclude themselves and wear clothing that concealed them from the eyes of strange men. Roman pagan custom
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According to some hadiths from Bukhari, Abu Dawud and Nasai, during the time of Prophet, male and female Muslims were performing ablution from the same water bowl. “We used to perform ablution collectively, men and women, by lowering and dipping our hands into the same bowl.” indicating that women
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Bergenfeld, Irina; Clark, Cari Jo; Sandhu, Seema; Yount, Kathryn M.; Essaid, Aida A.; Sajdi, Jude; Abu Taleb, Rand; Robbin, Zoe; Batayeh, Brian; Zwooqar, Ahad; Spencer, Rachael A. (2022). ""There Is Always an Excuse to Blame the Girl": Perspectives on Sexual Harassment at a Jordanian University".
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In Shia jurisprudence, by consensus, it is obligatory for women to cover their hair, and the entire body except her hands and face, while in the presence of people of the opposite sex other than close family members. The major and most important Shia hadith collections such as Nahj Al-Balagha and
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went to the women of Ansar and recited to them the words Allah had revealed. Each man recited to his wife, his daughter, his sister and other female relatives. Each woman among them got up, took her decorated wrapper and wrapped herself up in it out of faith and belief in what Allah had revealed.
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that covers the hair low to the forehead, comes under the chin to conceal the neck, and falls down over the chest and back". In addition to the basic garments that were mostly universal within the movement, additional measures of modesty could be taken depending on how conservative the followers
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of those empires. Reza Aslan argues that "The veil was neither compulsory nor widely adopted until generations after Muhammad's death, when a large body of male scriptural and legal scholars began using their religious and political authority to regain the dominance they had lost in society as a
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does not distinguish between veiling and seclusion, and can mean either "veil" or "curtain". The only verses in the Qur'an that specifically reference women's clothing are those promoting modesty, instructing women to guard their private parts and draw their scarves over their breast area in the
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There is variation in interpretations regarding the extent of covering required. Some legal systems accept the hijab as an order to cover everything except the face and hands, whilst others accept it as an order to cover the whole body, including the face and hands. These guidelines are found in
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transitioned from banning veils in 1936 to mandating Islamic dress for women following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. By 1980, veiling was required in government and educational settings, with the 1983 penal code imposing 74 lashes for not adhering to the hijab, though the exact requirements were
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detailing which women must veil and which women must not, depending upon the woman's class, rank, and occupation in society. Female slaves and prostitutes were forbidden to veil and faced harsh penalties if they did so. Veiling was thus not only a marker of aristocratic rank, but also served to
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St. John Chrysostom thought that Paul, in admonishing women to wear a covering "because of the angels," meant it "not at the time of prayer only, but also continually, she ought to be covered." Fr. Rhodes agrees: "The veil can be the constant symbol of the true woman of God … a way of life … a
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discrimination experiences as subtle and indirect interactions. The same study also reports differences among South Asian Muslim women who wear the hijab, and those who do not. For non-hijabis, they reported to have experienced more perceived discrimination when they were around other Muslims.
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attested in their writings that Christian women should wear a headcovering, while men should pray with their heads uncovered. There is archaeological evidence demonstrating that headcovering was observed as an ordinance by women in early Christianity, and the practice of Christian headcovering
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questioned cited common explanation. Hayyan believed that "believing women" referred to both free women and slaves as the latter are bound to more easily entice lust and their exclusion is not clearly indicated. Hazm too believed that it covered Muslim slaves as it would violate the law of not
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A team of psychologists in Belgium have investigated, in two studies of 166 and 147 participants, whether the Belgians' discomfort with the Islamic hijab, and the support of its ban from the country's public sphere, is motivated by the defence of the values of autonomy and universalism (which
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stopped female students wearing the hijab from entering the campus, following which the state government issued a circular banning 'religious clothes' in educational institutions where uniforms are prescribed. On 15 March 2022, the Karnataka High Court, in a verdict, upheld the hijab ban in
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Available evidence suggests that veiling was not introduced into Arabia by Muhammad, but already existed there, particularly in the towns, although it was probably not as widespread as in the neighbouring countries such as Syria and Palestine. Similarly to the practice among Greeks, Romans
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Perceived discrimination is detrimental to well-being, both mentally and physically. However, perceived discrimination may also be related to more positive well-being for the individual. A study in New Zealand concluded that while Muslim women who wore the headscarf did in fact experience
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Discrimination levels differ depending on geographical location; for example, South Asian Muslims in the United Arab Emirates do not perceive as much discrimination as their South Asian counterparts in the U.S. Although, South Asian Muslim women in both locations are similar in describing
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formally required women to cover their hair and wear a full-body garment, though enforcement varies. Saudi women typically wear the abaya, while foreigners may choose long coats. Regulations are enforced by religious police, which once faced criticism for their role in a fire rescue where
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or “veil” refers to a piece of cloth that was popularly used to cover the head in ancient Arabia. While the term "hijab" was originally anything that was used to conceal, it became used to refer to concealing garments worn by women outside the house, specifically the headscarf or khimar.
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took advantage of its power granted by Title VII and made a case for a young hijabi female who applied for a job, but was rejected due to her wearing a headscarf which violated Abercrombie & Fitch's pre-existing and longstanding policy against head coverings and all black garments.
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unclear. This led to public tensions and vigilante actions regarding proper hijab. Subsequent regulations in 1984 and 1988 clarified dress-code standards, and the current penal code prescribes fines or prison terms for failing to observe hijab, without detailing its specific form.
1222:. Women's resistance in Iran is gaining traction as an increasing number of women challenge the mandatory wearing of the hijab. Smith (2017) addressed the progress that Iranian women have made in her article, "Iran surprises by realizing Islamic dress code for women," published by
603:, the verse instead commands women to "snap their belts around their waists." The belt was a sign of chastity. According to him, the meanings of the words in the relevant part of the verse are as follows:خِمار Khimar; cummerbund, جيب jyb; sinus, sac, وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ;"let them hit"
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by Pakistani-American Nazma Khan in 2013, takes place on 1 February each year in 140 countries worldwide. Its stated purpose is to encourage women of all religions and backgrounds to wear and experience the hijab for a day and to educate and spread awareness on why hijab is worn.
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for children up to ten years of age. The ban was motivated by the equality between men and women and improving social integration with respect to local customs. Parents who send their child to school with a headscarf will be fined 440 euro. The ban was overturned in 2020 by the
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had vowed to rein in the morality police and their presence on the streets has decreased since he took office, but the powerful conservative forces in the country have resisted his efforts, and the dress codes are still being enforced, especially during the summer months. After
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in Turkey, which has been adopted by a growing number of educated urban women since the 1980s. As of the mid-2000s, over 60% of Turkish women covered their head outside home. However the majority of those wear a traditional, non-Islamic head covering and only 11% wore a
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Meanwhile, in a Pew Research Center poll from 2011, most Muslim American women also reported wearing hijab, 36% indicating they wore hijab whenever they were in public, with an additional 24% saying they wore it most or some of the time; 40% said they never wore hijab.
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Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn Zayd ibn Qunfudh that his mother asked Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, "What clothes can a woman wear in prayer?" She said, "She can pray in the khimār and the diri' (Arabic:
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it might mean they are rejected employment. Ali, Yamada, and Mahmoud (2015) state that women of color who also follow the religion of Islam are considered to be in what is called "triple jeopardy", due to being a part of two minority groups subject to discrimination.
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as President of Uzbekistan in December 2016, Muslims were given the opportunity to openly express their religious identity, which manifested itself in the wider spread of hijabs in Uzbekistan. In July 2021, the state allowed the wearing of the hijab in public places.
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and veiled. Among her arguments is that while some Qur'anic verses enjoin women in general to "draw their Jilbabs (overgarment or cloak) around them to be recognized as believers and so that no harm will come to them" and "guard their private parts ... and drape down
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in reply to his brother makes reference to female hijab requirements during the salat (prayer), stating "She covers her body and head with it then prays. And if her feet protrude from beneath, and she doesn't have the means to prevent that, there is no harm".
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Some governments encourage and even oblige women to wear the hijab, while others have banned it in at least some public settings. In many parts of the world women also experience informal pressure for or against wearing the hijab, including physical attacks.
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In Turkey the hijab was formerly banned in private and state universities and schools. The ban applied not to the scarf wrapped around the neck, traditionally worn by Anatolian villager women, but to the head covering pinned neatly at the sides, called
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in 2001, threatening to punish women who do not adhere to their vision of Islamic dress. Women of Kashmir, most of whom are not fully veiled, defied the warning, and the attacks were condemned by prominent militant and separatist groups of the region.
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clerics, to whom appearing in public without their cover was tantamount to nakedness. Some women refused to leave the house out of fear of being assaulted by Reza Shah's police. In 1941, the compulsory element in the policy of unveiling was abandoned.
610:: 59, there is a statement that tells women to wear their "outer garments" when going out for various needs (such as defecation), interpreted by some as a command and by others as a recommendation to meet current needs such as sexual harassment in
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The hijab is also a common cultural practice for Muslims in the West. For example, in a 2016 Environics poll, a large majority (73%) of Canadian Muslim women reported wearing some sort of head-covering in public (58% wear the hijab, 13% wear the
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Some fashion-conscious women have been turning to non-traditional forms of hijab such as turbans. While some regard turbans as a proper head cover, others argue that it cannot be considered a proper Islamic veil if it leaves the neck exposed.
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A number of hijab-wearing women who were interviewed expressed that perceived discrimination also poses a problem for them. To be specific, Muslim women shared that they chose not to wear the headscarf out of fear of future discrimination.
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and a symbolic rejection of Western culture and norms. Today the hijab means many different things for different people. For Islamic women who choose to wear the hijab it allows them to retain their modesty, morals and freedom of choice.
756:, the daughter of Zam`a went out and she was a tall woman. `Umar bin Al-Khattab saw her while he was in a gathering, and said, "I have recognized you, O Sauda!" He said so as he was anxious for some Divine orders regarding the veil. So
1749:, the wearing of the hijab is mandated for women. The requirement extends to covering not only their heads but also their faces, as it was believed that doing so would prevent any perceived impropriety and maintain modesty in society.
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Islamic clothing in Saudi Arabia is compulsory, but the crown prince has claimed this does not have to the case so long as women maintain a modest appearance in public. Saudi Arabia requires women to wear the black robe and hijab by
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The Arabic word hijab (Arabic: حجاب) is the verbal noun originating from the verb ﺣَﺠَﺐَ (hajaba), from the triliteral root ح ج ب (H-J-B), which forms a large class of words mostly relating to concepts of hide, conceal, block.
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There are occasional misinterpretations, mistranslations, and even distortions. Translating the meanings of the Holy Quran has always been challenging for translators, as the Quran has an exoteric and an esoteric meaning.
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would no longer be applicable if it is argued by scholars (even if it is argued by only one scholar). Notable examples of traditionalist Muslim scholars who accept these contemporary views include the Indonesian scholar
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1672:(UNLU) declared that it rejected the imposition of a hijab policy for women, but that declaration was argued to have come too late, as many women had already yielded to the pressure in order to avoid harassment. After
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considered that excessive covering would make it impossible for a woman to be recognised which the verse mentions, though both Qurtubi and Tabari agree that the word recognition is about distinguishing free women.
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About seven verses address the way a woman should dress when walking in public; Muslim scholars have differed as how to understand these verses, with some stating that a hijab is required and others saying not.
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Those who show sensitivity to close these places at times other than ablution are respected, but those who do not do this are not despised Prof. Dr. Yaşar Nuri Öztürk - Islam in the Quran – P. Number: 615-616
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183:) about hijab, while others interpret them differently and argue that its not mandated. Reformist groups claim that veiling is a recommendation rooted in historical context rather than an absolute mandate.
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133:'s main house from his wives' lodgings. This has led some to claim that the mandate of the Qur'an applied only to the wives of Muhammad and not to all women. Another interpretation can also refer to the
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educational institutions where uniforms are prescribed, arguing that the practice is non-essential in Islam. The hijab ban was condemned inside India and abroad by officials in countries including the
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suggests that Muslim women started to wear the hijab to emulate Muhammad's wives, who are revered as "Mothers of the Believers" in Islam, and states "there was no tradition of veiling until around 627
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could perform ablution in the presence of men. In this case, the arms up to the elbows, feet, face and the part of the head that are essential for ablution and wiping can be considered as free zones.
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it is also worn as a form of adornment. There is consensus among Islamic religious scholars that covering the head is either required or preferred. In practice, most Muslim women choose to wear it.
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1102:
Many scholars argue that these contemporary views and arguments, however, contradict the hadith sources, the classical scholars, exegesis sources, historical consensus, and interpretations of the
2052:
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maintained that women do not have to wear a full-body cover. He stated that women can choose any kind of attire they like so long as it covers them properly and they have a hijab. His successor,
3430:
8228:(Stanford University Press; 2014) Media debates on stigmatizing Muslim women and how Muslim women respond to these critics for the country cases of Germany, Turkey, the Netherlands and France.
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1835:
banning "symbols or clothes through which students conspicuously display their religious affiliation" in public primary schools, middle schools, and secondary schools. In the Belgian city of
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According to Hanafis and other scholars, these requirements extend to being around non-Muslim women as well, for fear that they may describe her physical features to unrelated men. The Sunni
6583:
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Ali, S., Yamada, T., & Mahmood, A. (2015). Relationships of the practice of Hijab, workplace discrimination, social class, job stress, and job satisfaction among Muslim American women.
1832:
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Saroglou, Vassilis; Lamkaddem, Bahija; Van Pachterbeke, Matthieu; Buxant, Coralie (2009). "Host society's dislike of the Islamic veil: The role of subtle prejudice, values, and religion".
1205:
In Iran, where wearing the hijab is legally required, many women push the boundaries of the state-mandated dress code, risking a fine or a spell in detention. The former Iranian president
622:
According to the narrations and the most well-known explanation of the verse, the verse was an expression directed towards free and Muslim women, not slaves or non-Muslim women, for which
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the cultural source or sources, a fierce misogyny was a distinct ingredient of Mediterranean and eventually Christian thought in the centuries immediately preceding the rise of Islam."
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3715:"6. The Veil: Between Tradition and Reason, Culture and Context; 7. An Exploration of the Debates Pertaining to Head Covering and Face Veiling of Women in the British Muslim Context"
2243:
over the centuries. Studies involving understanding, interpreting and translating the Quran can contain individual tendencies, reflections and even distortions caused by the region,
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wished to be. Some women choose to also utilize a face covering (al-niqāb) that leaves only eye slits for sight, as well as both gloves and socks in order to reveal no visible skin.
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1606:
Controversy erupted over the practice. Many people, both men and women from backgrounds of both Islamic and non-Islamic faith questioned the hijab and what it stood for in terms of
618:
O Prophet! Ask your wives, daughters, and believing women to draw their cloaks over their bodies. In this way it is more likely that they will be recognized and not be harassed.....
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6694:
8184:(Oxford University Press; 2012); 265 pages; Criticizes policies that serve to exclude pious Muslim women from the public sphere in Turkey, France, Germany, and the United States.
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which translates to “veil” in English, coverings worn by women in Arabia at the advent of Islam mostly to protect against the hot sun and desert by some, is a headcovering and
1065:('taking the veil') was used synonymously and interchangeably with ‘becoming Prophet Muhammad's wife’ and that during Muhammad's life no other Muslim woman wore the hijab.
961:
It is recommended that women wear clothing that is not form fitting to the body, such as modest forms of Western clothing (long shirts and skirts), or the more traditional
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7648:
Malikov A. and Djuraeva D. 2021. Women, Islam, and politics in Samarkand (1991–2021), International Journal of Modern Anthropology. 2 (16): 563. DOI: 10.4314/ijma.v2i16.2
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The enforcement of the dress code in Iran has fluctuated between strict and relaxed over the years, leading to ongoing debate between conservatives and reformists like
5002:
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1731:
in 2001, although that no local regulations should conflict with Indonesian national laws, in a deal aiming to put an end to the separatist movement in the province.
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The practice of veiling was borrowed from the elites of the Byzantine and Persian empires, where it was a symbol of respectability and high social status, during the
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Men must cover from their belly buttons to their knees, though the schools differ on whether this includes covering the navel and knees or only what is between them.
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1613:
As the awakening movement gained momentum, its goals matured and shifted from promoting modesty towards more of a political stance in terms of retaining support for
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2019:
The issue of discrimination against Muslims affects Muslim women more due to the hijab making them more identifiable compared to Muslim men. Particularly after the
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Traditional scholars had differences of opinion on covering the hands and face. The majority adopted the opinion that the face and hands are not part of their
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Hsu, Shiu-Sian. "Modesty." Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an. Ed. Jane McAuliffe. Vol. 3. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill Academic Publishers, 2003. 403-405. 6 vols.
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1013:), rules on dress relax. However, in the presence of the husband, most scholars stress the importance of mutual freedom and pleasure of the husband and wife.
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7000:
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1214:
became president, he started imposing hijab laws strictly, announcing use of facial recognition in public transport to enforce hijab law. An Iranian woman,
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of privacy and protecting the intimate space of his wives from the constant presence of the bustling community at their doorstep. They argue that the term
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The term hijab is used in the Qur'an in the sense of "a curtain" or "partition"; verses that use the term (eg. 7:46, 33:53) are not related to dress code.
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that Islamic dress was "really dangerous". Under previous laws, women wearing hijabs are already banned from entering the country's government offices.
752:"Let your wives be veiled" But he did not do so. The wives of the Prophet used to go out to answer the call of nature at night only at Al-Manasi.' Once
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Persevere in Adversity: Perceived Religious Discrimination and Islamic Identity as Predictors of Psychological Wellbeing in Muslim Women in New Zealand
1945:
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In June 2024, Tajikistan's parliament passed a bill banning "foreign clothing" and religious celebrations for children during the Islamic holidays of
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It is not clear whether the Hebrew Bible contains prescriptions with regard to veiling, but rabbinic literature presents it as a question of modesty (
789:
2449:
1975:
has no official ban on wearing the hijab, but those who wear it have reported that authorities use a number of tactics to discriminate against them.
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In 2012, Egyptian scholar Shaykh Mustapha Mohamed Rashed of Al Azhar University argued in his Ph.D. dissertation that hijab is not an Islamic duty.
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5729:
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Kahf, Mohja (2008). "From Her Royal Body the Robe Was Removed: The Blessings of the Veil and the Trauma of Forced Unveilings in the Middle East".
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for free women to cover their hair, and the entire body except her face and hands, while in the presence of people of the opposite sex other than
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molesting a slave or fornication with her like that with a free woman. He stated that anything not attributed to Muhammad should be disregarded.
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6324:
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1610:. There was questioning of whether in practice the hijab was truly a female choice or if women were being coerced or pressured into wearing it.
1338:). The surviving representations of veiled Jewish women may reflect general Roman customs rather than particular Jewish practices. According to
781:
Although these narrations implies to black clothing, other narrations indicate wives of the prophet also wore other colors like yellow or rose.
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INTERPRETATION OF THE VERSES OF HIJAB (Comparative Study of Quraish Shihab, Wahbab Al-Zuhaili And Buya Hamka's Thinking of The Verses of Hijab)
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1774:. In some cases the police arrested women who wore the veil and would forcibly remove it. These policies had popular support but outraged the
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Rispler-Chaim, Vardit. ‘The siwāk: A Medieval Islamic Contribution to Dental Care’. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 2.1 (1992): 13-20.
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Harrison, A. K. (2016). Hiding under the veil of “dress policy”: Muslim women, hijab, and employment discrimination in the United States.
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used to create a space that provides comfort and privacy for individuals, such as elite women. An ethical barrier, such as the expression
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Reeves, T., Mckinney, A., & Azam, L. (2012). Muslim women's workplace experiences: Implications for strategic diversity initiatives.
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Ghumman, S., & Jackson, L. (2010). The downside of religious attire: the Muslim headscarf and expectations of obtaining employment.
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One instance that some view as hijab discrimination in the workplace that gained public attention and made it to the Supreme Court was
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792:. This hadith is often translated as "...and covered their heads and faces with the cut pieces of cloth," Some commentators, such as
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5814:
2151:
6099:
3059:
63:) generally refers to variety of head coverings conventionally worn by many Muslim women as an expression of faith. Similar to the
1793:, women were banned from wearing the hijab in state offices in 1981; in the 1980s and 1990s, more restrictions were put in place.
433:
10307:
7685:
Ali, Saba Rasheed; Liu, William Ming; Humedian, Majeda (2004). "Islam 101: Understanding the Religion and Therapy Implications".
6247:
4460:
PENAFSIRAN AYAT-AYAT HIJAB (Studi Komparatif atas Pemikiran Quraish Shihab, Wahbah Al-Zuhaili Dan Buya Hamka Terhadap Ayat Hijab)
2057:
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discrimination, these negative experiences were overcome by much higher feelings of religious pride, belonging, and centrality.
7968:
Pasha-Zaidi, N. (2015). Judging by appearances: Perceived discrimination among South Asian Muslim women in the US and the UAE.
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Map showing prevalence of hijab wearing across the world and indicating countries where there are restrictions on wearing it.
1114:). Some traditionalist Muslim scholars accept the contemporary views and arguments as those hadith sources are not sahih and
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By the 19th century, upper-class urban Muslim and Christian women in Egypt wore a garment which included a head cover and a
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Ahmad, A. S., King, E. B.(2010). An experimental field study of interpersonal discrimination toward Muslim job applicants.
3116:
1770:'s government in 1936, as the hijab was considered to be incompatible with modernization and he ordered "unveiling" act or
1434:
upper classes and eventually among the urban masses. In the rural areas it was common to cover the hair, but not the face.
187:
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3147:
Teachers%20in%20Geneva%20are%20already%20banned%20from%20wearing%20visible%20religious, in%20contact%20with%20the%20public
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5051:"Muslim Americans: No Signs of Growth in Alienation or Support for Extremism; Section 2: Religious Beliefs and Practices"
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Muslim scholars usually require women to cover everything but their hands and face in public, but do not require the
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Cole, Darnell; Ahmadi, Shafiqa (2003). "Perspectives and Experiences of Muslim Women Who Veil on College Campuses".
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3143:
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1676:
in June 2007, Hamas sought to enforce Islamic law, imposing the hijab on women at courts, institutions and schools.
1447:(Byzantines), Jews, and Assyrians, its use was associated with high social status. In the early Islamic texts, term
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6163:
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3180:
2044:
1540:-era hijab ban, and the founding of new fashion companies catering to women who want to dress more conservatively.
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reported that the move to ban hijab has widened the social divide and increased fear among Muslims in Karnataka.
1809:
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179:
developed after the revelation of the Qur'an. Some state that these guidelines are aligned with Qur'anic verses (
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448:
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Lane, Edward William (1863), “ح ج ب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 515–516
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1368::4–7, which states that "every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head". The
145:
dimension may refer to "the veil which separates man, or the world, from God". The Qur'an never uses the word
5789:
4447:
El Fadl, Khaled Abou (2005), The Great Theft: Wresting Islam From the Extremists, Harper San Francisco, p.274
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1872:
1239:. The ban was lifted from universities in 2008, from government buildings in 2013, and from schools in 2014.
952:
659:
572:
6576:"Hijab ban: Tajikistan parliament approves bill prohibiting alien garments and Eid celebrations by children"
5712:"25 photos show what Iran looked like before the 1979 revolution turned the nation into an Islamic republic"
3316:
Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: a meta-analytic review.
1562:) laughing at the Muslim Brotherhood for suggesting in 1953 that women should be required to wear the hijab.
5628:
5138:
4347:
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1944:, the capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, a previously unknown militant group calling itself
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Kitab Al-Kafi for the most part do not give any details about hijab requirements. However a quotation from
904:
504:
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3629:
3431:"Opinion: As Muslim women, we actually ask you not to wear the hijab in the name of interfaith solidarity"
2274:
10327:
10312:
10270:
1891:
1406:
1218:, died in custody of 'morality police' after they arrested her on new stricter hijab laws, which led to
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4226:"The Awrah of Men According to Imams Shafi, Ahmad and Malik (A.R). – Darul Uloom Trinidad & Tobago"
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3104:
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Western clothing largely dominated fashion in Muslim countries in the 1960s and 1970s. For example, in
1402:
820:
678:(a shawl or a wrapper that covers the upper body). He also reports a minority view which considers the
6936:
4467:] (undergraduate thesis) (in Indonesian). Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember.
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tended to avoid making interviews with candidates who appeared Muslim on their social network pages.
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prohibited female slaves from resembling free women by covering their hair. Some later scholars like
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191:
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7142:
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1716:, stated that the hijab does not hinder participation in social, political, or academic activities.
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Wearing or not wearing a hijab can also be an act of protest. In August 2014 a mother of one of the
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1686:
1285:
4225:
2631:"Wearing niqab by Muslim women is a divine order, religious freedom and a superior Muslim culture"
2005:
in 2016, the government sponsored street banners aiming to dissuade women from wearing the hijab.
1537:
642:, so other men know they are free women and not slaves or prostitutes, so they are not harrassed.
10437:
9829:
8198:
6751:"A European government has banned Islamic face veils despite them being worn by just three women"
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5245:
5226:
5199:
1724:
1017:
494:
76:
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6356:"Rebel Saudi women appear in public without hijab, abaya; onlookers stunned | New Straits Times"
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7694:
7137:
4498:"Female Muslim Dress Survey Reveals Wide Range Of Preferences On Hijab, Burqa, Niqab, And More"
2656:
2199:
1900:
anytime, anywhere. However, in January 2022, a number of colleges in the South Indian state of
1856:
1524:
dresses, flared trousers, and went out in public without the hijab. This changed following the
1465:
1394:
1373:
1357:
1155:
708:
in reference to Muhammad's wives and the Muslim men who visit them, makes something forbidden.
695:
mortals (42:51), wrongdoers and righteous (7:46, 41:5), believers and unbelievers (17:45), and
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44:
17:
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Space, Culture, and the Youth in Iran: Observing Norm Creation Processes at the Artists' House
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They appeared behind the Messenger of Allah wrapped up, as if there were crows on their heads.
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458:
253:, telling both men and women to dress and act modestly, with more detail on womens position.
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8085:Ṣaḥīḥ Al-Bukhārī: The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari : Arabic-English
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4116:
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2774:
2482:
2020:
1622:
1398:
1369:
1219:
6404:"Coverings for women 'not mandatory', says Saudi crown prince ahead of US charm offensive"
3522:
Framing Hijab in the European Mind: Press Discourse, Social Categorization and Stereotypes
2324:
Framing Hijab in the European Mind: Press Discourse, Social Categorization and Stereotypes
877:(charmingness, attractiveness) and should be kept private and some verse interpretations.
158:
116:
8:
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testimony of faith and of the salvation of God, not only before men, but angels as well."
4929:
3941:
3057:
1517:
1417:
1095:
627:
550:
149:
to refer to women's clothing, but passages discuss the attire of women using other terms
7816:
Hamdani, D. (March 2005). Triple jeopardy: Muslim women’s experience of discrimination.
6695:"Austria becomes latest European country to ban burqas — but adds clown face paint, too"
4536:"Q&A with author of U. Mich. study on preferred dress for women in Muslim countries"
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2575:"Veiling and Unveiling: Attitudes and Experiences of University Students in the Punjab"
1994:
1918:
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1567:
1529:
1410:
1389:
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1111:
1005:, Pakistani education activist and 2014 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, wears a head scarf.
973:, a scarf or cowl that covers all but the face, is also worn in many different styles.
7418:"'Very Frightening' to Enter Campus Alone: Muslim Students Recount Hijab Ban's Impact"
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3107:
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What is said about the dimensions of the Jilbab in use varies; Qurtubi reports that a
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concurs with Tabari about this ayah being for those who are free. It is reported that
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One of the biggest difficulties in understanding the Quran for those who do not know
1709:
1342:, at the inception of Christianity, Jewish women were veiling their heads and faces.
1304:
852:
of a woman who has reached the age of menstruation is not accepted without a khimār."
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5170:
5139:"The Veiling of Women in Judaism, Christianity and Islam. A Guide to the Exhibition"
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Creative Conformity: The Feminist Politics of U.S. Catholic and Iranian Shi'i Women
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5499:
4026:"Can You Clarify the Standard Explanation of the Verse of Hijab? [Shafi'i]"
3361:
3353:
3137:
2951:"Can You Clarify the Standard Explanation of the Verse of Hijab? [Shafi'i]"
2770:
2636:. International Islamic Development Management Conference (IDMAC 2019). p. 621
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1922:
1634:
1365:
1299:"differentiate between 'respectable' women and those who were publicly available".
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68:
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2712:"Why Iran won't budge on mandatory hijab laws — according to the president's wife"
1948:
claimed responsibility for a series of acid attacks on women who did not wear the
121:
was originally used to denote a partition or a curtain and was sometimes used for
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7566:"'I'm Frightened': After Attacks in Paris, New York Muslims Cope With a Backlash"
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5980:"Kimia Alizadeh Zenoorin Becomes The First Iranian Woman To Win An Olympic Medal"
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Bucar, Elizabeth, The Islamic Veil. Oxford, England: Oneworld Publications, 2012.
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5026:"Muslim Canadians increasingly proud of and attached to Canada, survey suggests"
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Homeland Insecurity: The Arab American and Muslim American Experience After 9/11
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the Danish parliament passed a law banning the full-face veil in public places.
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6382:"Saudi Arabia has changed beyond recognition. But will tourists want to visit?"
3640:
3340:
2236:
2136:
2123:
1987:
1703:
1665:
1295:
1206:
1135:
1120:
986:
893:
335:
286:
276:
9762:
9290:
8355:
7515:
7061:"French police make woman remove clothing on Nice beach following burkini ban"
3357:
696:
10669:
10148:
10072:
9987:
9849:
9612:
9221:
8902:
8819:
8792:
8770:
8691:
8648:
8596:
8533:
8471:
8385:
8350:
8330:
8267:
8188:
8009:
7523:
7313:"Karnataka's hijab row: A fragile regime's latest assault on right to choice"
7231:
5945:
5932:
Bullock, Katherine (2000). "Challenging Medial Representations of the Veil".
4938:
4751:
4681:"Iranian authorities plan to use facial recognition to enforce new hijab law"
2244:
1906:
1771:
1504:
A model displaying a fashionable hijab at "Moslema In Style Fashion Show" in
1350:
1319:
1308:
1211:
1187:
773:
545:
453:
200:
138:
8217:
7372:"Nobel laureate Malala Yousafzai comments on hijab controversy in Karnataka"
7027:"Burkini ban: Armed police force woman to remove her clothing on Nice beach"
6937:"French 'Burkini' Bans Provoke Backlash as Armed Police Confront Beachgoers"
6191:
Women's Rights in the Middle East and North Africa: Progress Amid Resistance
4251:
1484:
cloth that covered the lower nose and the mouth). The name of this garment,
10623:
10432:
10412:
9884:
9869:
9782:
9737:
9712:
9517:
9512:
9472:
9434:
9395:
9350:
9315:
9231:
9189:
9144:
9139:
9122:
9085:
8711:
8626:
8591:
8561:
8523:
8380:
8340:
7983:"World Hijab Day - Better Awareness. Greater Understanding. Peaceful World"
7888:
7660:"Kyrgyzstan president: 'Women in mini skirts don't become suicide bombers'"
5748:
4713:
4709:"Iranian woman dies 'after being beaten by morality police' over hijab law"
4685:
2519:, dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/hijab. Accessed 6 Sept. 2023.
2109:
2082:
2024:
2014:
1734:
1713:
1614:
1505:
1334:
1025:
874:
797:
535:
509:
195:
142:
122:
9992:
7775:
7543:. Vol. Islam, Crime and Criminal Justice. Routledge. pp. 63–64.
5615:
A Quiet Revolution: The Veil's Resurgence, from the Middle East to America
5544:
3272:
3095:
2492:
2247:, education, religious ideology and knowledge of the people who made them.
1262:). Wearing a head covering in public had increased since the 2006 survey.
10618:
10427:
10143:
10047:
9752:
9697:
9632:
9597:
9542:
9452:
9400:
9345:
9295:
9211:
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9170:
9165:
9149:
9095:
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8974:
8924:
8797:
8706:
8696:
8551:
8528:
8511:
8506:
8439:
8404:
8392:
8322:
8102:
7896:
7331:"Hijab ban: Karnataka high court upholds government order on headscarves"
6286:
4087:"Fatwas of the Permanent Committee: Women covering their faces and hands"
3865:"Saudi cleric al-Ghamdi: Abaya is not mandatory as per Islam's teachings"
2240:
1801:
1797:
1746:
1289:
Greek bronze statuette of a veiled and masked dancer, 2nd–3rd century BC.
1215:
1036:
899:, painting by Gustav Richter (1823–1884). The classical understanding of
800:, claimed that covering also covers the face, based on the word (Arabic:
325:
7099:"French burkini ban row escalates after clothing incident at Nice beach"
6159:
2921:
Fisher, Mary Pat. Living Religions. New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2008.
2403:
Twin Cultures Separated by Centuries: An Indian Reading of 1 Corinthians
1766:
has ancient pre-Islamic origins, but the widespread custom was ended by
765:
250:
10399:
9922:
9854:
9767:
9642:
9617:
9572:
9562:
9527:
9487:
9477:
9462:
9385:
9285:
9134:
9100:
9090:
9080:
9055:
9008:
8979:
8941:
8787:
8743:
8733:
8728:
8701:
8653:
8641:
8636:
8576:
8518:
8461:
8456:
8375:
8360:
8335:
8125:
6638:"Majority-Muslim Tajikistan passes law to discourage wearing of hijabs"
6160:"قانون مجازات اسلامی (Islamic Penal Code), see ماده 102 (article 102)"
6005:
5275:
Hindu ladies covered their head with a kind of veil known as Ghoonghat.
3868:
3630:
https://www.jspt.ir/article_167055_d4455677421c8d1c8ab05b048e5fb3a9.pdf
2806:
2008:
2002:
1979:
1972:
1657:
1314:
1070:
1066:
1057:
925:
651:
643:
639:
631:
84:
7127:
5242:
The Ornament of a Spirit: Exploring the Reasons Covering Styles Change
5223:
The Ornament of a Spirit: Exploring the Reasons Covering Styles Change
4458:
4000:"A Detailed Exposition of the Fiqh of Covering One's Nakedness (Awra)"
3833:
3365:
1303:
included the practice of the head covering worn by the priestesses of
10153:
9899:
9874:
9814:
9672:
9582:
9577:
9547:
9537:
9442:
9415:
9365:
9335:
9300:
9226:
9206:
9129:
9112:
9065:
9060:
9033:
8946:
8775:
8755:
8721:
8716:
8668:
8581:
8571:
8419:
4413:
4379:
4302:
2194:
2179:
1901:
1767:
1599:
1520:, Afghanistan and Iran, some women wore short skirts, flower printed
1426:
896:
683:
390:
305:
134:
10225:
9819:
4061:"Uncovering in Front of Non-Muslim's of Unmarriageable Kin (Mahram)"
3769:"How Should We Understand the Obligation of Khimar (Head Covering)?"
3652:
lessons learned from Indonesia. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 9(1).
2574:
1024:
if the woman's beauty is so great that it is distracting and causes
345:
235:
10390:
10158:
10138:
10133:
9967:
9904:
9839:
9772:
9732:
9652:
9627:
9522:
9492:
9340:
9310:
9305:
9248:
9182:
9117:
8907:
8882:
8872:
8814:
8765:
8658:
8556:
8501:
8484:
8370:
8365:
8345:
7889:"An Experiment in Hiring Discrimination Via Online Social Networks"
5658:
4812:
4195:
3506:
3460:
Reconfiguring Islamic Tradition: Reform, Rationality, and Modernity
2981:
2979:
2903:
Contemporary Fatwas by Sheik Yusuf Al Qaradawi, vol. 1, pp. 453-455
2480:
2450:"How India's Religious Headwear Ban Affects Muslims And Not Hindus"
1983:
1941:
1914:
1775:
1602:
medalists from Spain, Britain, Iran and Egypt at Rio Olympics, 2016
1509:
1084:
749:
655:
489:
355:
350:
300:
130:
107:
80:
10052:
6285:(Persian), the official website of Iranian Majlis (04/05/1384 AP,
5303:
The Hindu ladies covered their heads with a kind of veil known as
2912:
Ruh Al Ma’ani by Shihaab Adeen Abi Athanaa’, vol. 18, pp. 309, 313
679:
375:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10178:
10112:
10062:
10032:
9982:
9942:
9927:
9894:
9844:
9824:
9804:
9747:
9722:
9717:
9707:
9687:
9677:
9657:
9647:
9622:
9390:
9275:
9013:
8867:
8855:
8802:
8782:
8682:
8611:
8566:
8543:
8414:
8409:
7295:"Religious identity, rights in focus as Indian schools ban hijab"
2187:
2171:
1910:
1852:
1836:
1790:
1742:
1103:
1088:
1080:
933:
917:
725:
671:
499:
405:
385:
380:
365:
315:
310:
92:
8259:
7540:
Muslim women's safety talk and their experience of victimisation
6868:"Europe's right hails EU court's workplace headscarf ban ruling"
6837:"Bosnia Judicial Authorities Uphold Hijab Ban, Despite Protests"
3600:"The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran"
2976:
2932:"YÜZÜ ÖRTMENİN HÜKMÜNE DÂİR DETAYLI DELİLLER - İslam Soru-Cevap"
2862:
2860:
2858:
2625:
2623:
2557:"Is Hijab Religious or Cultural? How Islamic Rulings Are Formed"
2432:(a long scarf) is pulled over the head or face to function as a
1963:
1882:
in Sweden banned all veils for school pupils up to sixth grade.
10214:
10168:
10163:
10102:
10097:
10092:
10042:
10022:
9977:
9972:
9957:
9932:
9757:
9742:
9607:
9602:
9507:
9502:
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9360:
9355:
9028:
9023:
9018:
8986:
8964:
8912:
8892:
8621:
8494:
8489:
8451:
3882:
2207:
2183:
2175:
2141:
1782:
1728:
1695:
1691:
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1521:
1481:
1345:
1328:
1255:
1191:
1179:
941:
929:
921:
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887:
721:
717:
623:
611:
555:
519:
514:
400:
395:
370:
360:
330:
247:
96:
88:
64:
10480:
Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist (Velayat-e faqih)
8108:
Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate
7259:"In India, wearing hijab bars some Muslim students from class"
6967:"Cannes bans burkinis over suspected link to radical Islamism"
6325:"Ban on outdoor music concerts in West Aceh due to Sharia law"
5904:. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World. Archived from
4318:
Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate
2831:
Women and Gender in Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate
10183:
10067:
10007:
10002:
9947:
9879:
9702:
9592:
9567:
9532:
9410:
9075:
8919:
8760:
8182:
The Headscarf Controversy: Secularism and Freedom of Religion
7621:
5744:"theguardian.com, 3 September 2015, accessed 23 October 2016"
5289:
Social Status of Hindu Women in Northern India, 1206-1707 A.D
4305:, Sexuality in Islam, PhD Thesis, Maimonides University, 2004
3592:
2855:
2620:
1949:
1897:
1825:
1661:
1533:
1421:
1361:
1259:
1169:
1158:
victims threw her headscarf at the Iraqi parliament speaker,
1107:
1021:
965:, a high-necked, loose robe that covers the arms and legs. A
869:
862:
849:
757:
737:
729:
540:
320:
295:
273:
126:
100:
8137:
7982:
5895:
5893:
5891:
5889:
5887:
4965:"Turkey Lifts Longtime Ban on Head Scarves in State Offices"
4593:"The Beautiful Reasons Why These Women Love Wearing A Hijab"
1896:
In India, Muslim women are allowed to wear the hijab and/or
1532:
of 1979, when traditional conservative attire including the
1492:
when they visited urban areas, "as a sign of civilization".
10107:
9692:
9637:
9325:
8663:
8247:. - Drawings of different types of Islamic women's clothing
8131:
No god but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam
7346:"India's Hijab Debate Fueled by Divisive Communal Politics"
6307:"2022 Report on International Religious Freedom: Indonesia"
4654:"Iran's morality police: patrolling the streets by stealth"
2167:
1960:
have reported inofficial pressure to wear a hijab in 2018.
1720:
1679:
1424:
women cover their heads with a veil in a practice known as
1280:
1115:
949:
Permanent Committee for Islamic Research and Issuing Fatwas
937:
745:
647:
180:
176:
7500:
7446:"Kashmir women face threat of acid attacks from militants"
6606:"Country passes law 'to stop Muslim women wearing hijabs'"
6096:
Hijab dar Iran az Enqelab-e Eslami ta payan Jang-e Tahmili
5078:
The Veil: Women Writers on Its History, Lore, and Politics
3352:(thesis). New Zealand: Victoria University of Wellington.
2532:
Representing Islam: Hip-Hop of the September 11 Generation
2481:
Mark Juergensmeyer, Wade Clark Roof, ed. (2012). "Hijab".
1660:, there was a campaign by religious conservatives such as
9889:
8294:
8290:
8244:
7887:
Acquisti, Alessandro; Fong, Christina M. (17 July 2015).
7277:"Karnataka hijab row: Judge refers issue to larger bench"
5884:
5776:"Women in Turkey: The headscarf is slipping - Qantara.de"
5430:
4740:"Iran surprises by relaxing Islamic dress code for women"
4196:"Maliki Fiqh: Matn al-'Ashmāwiyyah (English Translation)"
1851:
In 2016, more than 20 French towns banned the use of the
1456:, was used interchangeably with "being Muhammad's wife".
199:
show hijab-wearing women often find greater strength and
6993:"Nice joins growing list of French towns to ban burqini"
6187:
5202:. Saint John the Evangelist Orthodox Church. 17 May 2019
3682:
Speaking in God's Name: Islamic Law, Authority and Women
3415:
3413:
1820:
1639:
1570:
claimed that, in 1953, he was told by the leader of the
720:
sources specify the details of hijab for men and women,
8250:
6108:(Persian), Faslnamah-e Takhassusi-ye Banuvan-e Shi’ah
5629:"Retro Middle East: The rise and fall of the miniskirt"
4566:"Under wraps: Style savvy Muslim women turn to turbans"
2964:
2683:"Myth-busting Hijab: the Perspective of a Muslim Woman"
8218:
The Headscarf Debates: Conflicts of National Belonging
7724:
The status of Muslim civil rights in the United States
7197:"Austria court overturns primary school headscarf ban"
5927:
5925:
5923:
2764:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2579:
International Journal of Social Sciences and Education
2087:
The World Hijab Day (WHD) in 2013, which is an annual
129:, the term refers to a curtain separating visitors to
6866:
Rankin, Jennifer; Oltermann, Philip (14 March 2017).
6032:
3719:
Islam and the Veil: Theoretical and Regional Contexts
3410:
3312:
3310:
1982:
organized a "deveiling" campaign in the capital city
6194:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 126.
5815:"Why Turkey Lifted Its Ban on the Islamic Headscarf"
4923:
Ayman, Zehra; Knickmeyer, Ellen (10 February 2008).
4252:"Question & Answer » Hijab (Islamic Dress)"
3821:
3292:
3290:
2099:
2009:
Workplace discrimination against hijab-wearing women
1935:
1727:
granted Aceh's local government the right to impose
1009:
In private, and in the presence of close relatives (
845:) that reaches down and covers the top of her feet."
229:
Qur'anic verses relating to dress materials use the
157:. For some the term for headscarf in the Qur'an is
49:
8007:
7891:. Rochester, NY: Social Sciences Research Network.
7594:
7096:
6463:"CLOTHING ii. In the Median and Achaemenid periods"
6112::11, Qom: Muassasah-e Shi’ah Shinasi, pp. 251-300,
6033:Milton-Edwards, Beverley; Farrell, Stephen (2010).
5920:
5373:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 53–54.
5358:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 55–56.
5323:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 26–28.
5115:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 27–28.
4738:Istanbul, Hannah Lucinda Smith (29 December 2017).
4623:"Playing cat and mouse with Iran's morality police"
4345:
3678:
3403:
2589:
638:was distinguishing free Muslim women from those of
6896:
6131:
5543:
4091:General Presidency of Scholarly Research and Ifta'
4079:
3712:
3540:"Evidence in the Qur'an for Covering Women's Hair"
3519:
3476:
3307:
3175:
3173:
1824:A veil-burning ceremony in USSR as part of Soviet
1044:over their breasts ", they urge modesty. The word
1020:. Some held the opinion that covering the face is
848:Aishah narrated that Allah's Messenger said: "The
7862:"Muslim Americans Exemplify Diversity, Potential"
7624:"'Deveiling' Drive Moves To Uzbekistan's Capital"
7269:
7167:"Österreich verbietet Kopftücher an Grundschulen"
7092:
7090:
7088:
7086:
6183:
6181:
5590:Religion in Public Spaces: A European Perspective
5454:
5452:
5229:: Ridgeway Publishing. pp. 14–21, 29–30, 85.
5091:
5089:
5087:
4995:"Turkey-lifts-ban-on-headscarves-at-high-schools"
3800:(3 ed.). Islamic Texts Society. p. 63.
3429:Nomani, Asra Q.; Arafa, Hala (21 December 2015).
3287:
2973:(2003), p. 721, New York: Macmillan Reference USA
1723:encourages Muslim women to wear hijab in public.
186:Islamic veiling practices vary globally based on
10667:
7130:International Journal of Intercultural Relations
6781:"Another European country just banned the burqa"
5977:
5588:. In Silvio Ferrari; Sabrina Pastorelli (eds.).
5489:
4417:Humanism, culture, and language in the Near East
4414:Asma Afsaruddin; A. H. Mathias Zahniser (1997).
4383:Humanism, culture, and language in the Near East
4380:Asma Afsaruddin; A. H. Mathias Zahniser (1997).
4218:
3232:
2823:
2821:
2769:. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World.
2275:"Muslim Women and the Politics of the Headscarf"
1274:
8253:- Website discussing global hijab usage by the
7721:Council on American-Islamic Relations. (2008).
6934:
6865:
6322:
6214:
5934:The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences
5866:"How Abdel Nasser described Muslim Brotherhood"
5583:
5550:(3 ed.). Oxford University Press. p.
5531:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 36.
5388:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 55.
5338:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 35.
5200:"The Ultimate Guide to Christian Headcoverings"
5171:"On Account of the Angels: Why I Cover My Head"
5100:. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 15.
4922:
4831:
4272:Rizvi, Sayyid Sa'eed Akhtar (16 October 2012).
3862:
3717:. In Gabriel, Theodore; Hannan, Rabiha (eds.).
3619:https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED613311.pdf
3496:
3494:
3492:
3258:
3256:
3216:. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 108-110.
3170:
2885:, University of North Carolina Press, pp. 25-27
2487:. Vol. 1. SAGE Publications. p. 516.
2301:"9. Religious clothing and personal appearance"
7687:Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
7684:
7622:Bruce Pannier, Farruh Yusupov (14 June 2015).
7083:
7024:
6692:
6241:
6178:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6083:
5449:
5377:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5327:
5084:
4479:"Hijab is Not an Islamic Duty: Muslim Scholar"
4143:"Fatwas by Mufti Ebrahim Desai » Askimam"
3992:
3666:"Hijab is Not an Islamic Duty: Muslim Scholar"
3018:"Hijab is Not an Islamic Duty: Muslim Scholar"
2992:Islamic Research Foundation International, Inc
1575:me to go and make ten million women wear it?"
1469:result of the Prophet's egalitarian reforms".
10241:
8275:
7369:
7256:
6524:"Quiet end to Turkey's college headscarf ban"
6379:
5261:Women In Hindu Social System (1206–1707 A.D.)
5194:
5192:
5080:. University of California Press. p. 27.
4867:"Quiet end to Turkey's college headscarf ban"
4864:
4651:
3654:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2088438
3239:. Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 244–245.
2818:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2568:
2566:
1964:Unofficial pressure against wearing the hijab
1441:
903:drew different awrah boundaries for free and
580:
7886:
7657:
7536:
7020:
7018:
6899:"Denmark passes law banning burqa and niqab"
6270:"Iran must protect women's rights advocates"
6138:. Georgetown University Press. p. 118.
6066:. University of Toronto Press. p. 172.
5728:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4733:
4731:
4627:Qantara.de - Dialogue with the Islamic World
4563:
4187:
3641:https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/19576529.pdf
3500:
3489:
3265:"Muslims face growing bias in the workplace"
3262:
3253:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2657:"Muslim women uncover myths about the hijab"
2376:"Religious clothing and personal appearance"
1083:army and police officials wearing hijabs in
955:also believe women should cover their head.
8255:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
7970:Journal of International Women's Studies,16
7563:
7444:Popham, Peter (in Delhi) (30 August 2001).
6396:
6080:
5790:"Turkey's fraught history with headscarves"
5612:
5342:
4987:
4891:
4707:Strzyżyńska, Weronika (16 September 2022).
4706:
4678:
4590:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4169:"Covering the Nakedness for a Man: Answers"
4135:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3685:. Oneworld Publications. pp. 525–526.
3532:
3428:
2680:
2529:Nasir, Kamaludeen Mohamed (December 2020).
2394:
2058:U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
1670:Unified National Leadership of the Uprising
1459:
833:
10248:
10234:
8282:
8268:
8141:Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power
8087:(in Arabic). Darussalam Pub. & Distr.
7761:
7370:Correspondent, Special (9 February 2022).
7220:"Staffanstorp röstade för huvudduksförbud"
7164:
5899:
5280:
5252:
5189:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5122:
4885:
4679:Strzyżyńska, Weronika (5 September 2022).
4533:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4161:
4018:
3979:
3457:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
2971:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
2705:
2703:
2602:"Part 4: Khomeini & Khamenei on Women"
2563:
2320:
587:
573:
77:headcoverings worn by some Christian women
8158:
7698:
7537:Basia Spalek (2013). Basia Spalek (ed.).
7250:
7141:
7058:
7054:
7052:
7015:
6930:
6928:
6926:
6924:
6127:
6125:
5291:. Inter-India Publications. p. 131.
5214:
4925:"Ban on Head Scarves Voted Out in Turkey"
4837:
4806:
4728:
4559:
4557:
3567:
3565:
3422:
3208:
3206:
2729:
1674:assuming the government in the Gaza Strip
1528:, military dictatorship in Pakistan, and
1393:continues among female adherents of many
1318:Pre-Islamic relief showing veiled women,
724:of the Qur'anic verses attributed to the
670:covers the whole body. He also cites the
10354:America can't do a damn thing against us
8187:
8111:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
7948:Georgetown Journal of Gender and the Law
6811:"Bosnian women protest at headscarf ban"
6318:
6316:
5963:. United States of Islam. Archived from
5541:
5239:
5220:
4894:"Head scarves to topple secular Turkey?"
4737:
4485:
3699:
3338:
2949:Ansari, Ustadha Zaynab (11 April 2016).
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2765:El Guindi, Fadwa; Sherifa Zahur (2009).
2400:
2347:
2298:
1819:
1685:
1664:to impose the hijab on women during the
1638:
1594:
1542:
1499:
1344:
1313:
1284:
1241:
1186:
1143:
1129:
1075:
997:
879:
106:
10308:Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution
8138:Bloom, Jonathan; Blair, Sheila (2002).
8082:
7344:Ganguly, Meenakshi (15 February 2022).
7343:
6662:
6059:
5931:
5173:. Orthodox Christian Information Center
5119:
5053:. Pew Research Center. 30 August 2011.
5023:
4520:
3839:
3513:
3263:Tahmincioglu, Eve (12 September 2010).
3219:
2709:
2700:
1928:A study published by human rights body
215:
14:
10668:
8215:Yurdakul, Gökce and Anna C. Korteweg.
8164:Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance
8083:Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl (1997).
7964:
7962:
7960:
7859:
7836:
7834:
7795:
7793:
7764:Journal of College Student Development
7630:from the original on 20 September 2016
7603:from the original on 20 September 2016
7443:
7097:Angelique Chrisafis (24 August 2016).
7049:
6921:
6688:
6686:
6550:"Tunisia's Hijab Ban Unconstitutional"
6481:Veil: Modesty, Privacy, and Resistance
6162:. Islamic Parliament Research Center.
6122:
6036:Hamas: The Islamic Resistance Movement
4603:from the original on 10 September 2016
4554:
4508:from the original on 18 September 2016
3973:
3793:
3787:
3745:. virtualmosque.com. 15 October 2012.
3743:"Hijab: Fard (Obligation) or Fiction?"
3713:Hasan, Usama; Hannan, Rabitha (2011).
3679:Khaled Abou El Fadl (1 October 2014).
3571:
3562:
3453:
3451:
3375:from the original on 24 September 2017
3203:
3166:for%20both%20students%20and%20teachers
2948:
2866:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2447:
2401:Spurgeon, Andrew B. (14 August 2016).
10255:
10229:
8263:
8101:
8061:
7597:"Hijab Now A Hot Topic In Kazakhstan"
7595:Farangis Najibullah (20 March 2011).
7494:
7165:Lëtzebuerg, Tageblatt (16 May 2019).
7109:from the original on 27 November 2018
7071:from the original on 18 February 2019
6791:from the original on 25 February 2018
6705:from the original on 24 February 2019
6618:from the original on 6 September 2017
6494:"Turkey's AKP discusses hijab ruling"
6313:
6012:
5526:
5458:
5398:
5383:
5368:
5353:
5333:
5318:
5286:
5258:
5163:
5110:
5095:
5017:
4314:
4271:
4232:from the original on 19 February 2019
4175:from the original on 14 February 2019
4149:from the original on 19 February 2019
4123:from the original on 28 February 2019
4032:from the original on 26 February 2019
4006:from the original on 24 February 2019
3827:
3771:. seekershub.org. 25 September 2017.
3334:
3332:
3330:
3181:"Saudi Arabia's dress code for women"
3028:from the original on 27 December 2015
3010:
2998:from the original on 21 December 2015
2827:
2791:
2654:
2528:
2272:
1866:In 2019, Austria banned the hijab in
58:
10348:Iranian Revolution conspiracy theory
7666:from the original on 25 October 2017
7576:from the original on 5 December 2018
7482:from the original on 31 January 2013
7287:
7037:from the original on 8 February 2019
6878:from the original on 6 February 2018
6847:from the original on 5 February 2018
6761:from the original on 21 January 2017
6731:from the original on 9 February 2018
6693:Köksal Baltaci (27 September 2017).
6438:"Saudi police 'stopped' fire rescue"
6353:
6283:Strategies for promotion of chastity
6244:"Who are Islamic 'morality police'?"
6166:from the original on 12 October 2016
5709:
5665:from the original on 19 October 2016
5639:from the original on 24 October 2016
5504:10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001
5437:from the original on 7 February 2013
5075:
5005:from the original on 24 October 2014
4975:from the original on 5 December 2013
4892:Clark-Flory, Tracy (23 April 2007).
4807:Rainsford, Sarah (7 November 2006).
4778:"Fashion police get tough in Tehran"
4456:
4097:from the original on 7 November 2018
3889:from the original on 3 November 2017
3775:from the original on 8 November 2018
3749:from the original on 9 November 2018
3672:
2775:10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001
2710:Inskeep, Steve (25 September 2023).
2681:Qamarunissa, Maryam (14 July 2020).
2572:
1651:
1031:
764:Aisha also reported that when Quran
699:(38:32). The interpretations of the
10636:Imam Khomeini International Airport
7989:from the original on 6 October 2016
7957:
7940:
7831:
7790:
7626:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
7599:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
7456:from the original on 28 August 2016
7415:
7003:from the original on 22 August 2016
6973:from the original on 12 August 2016
6909:from the original on 15 August 2018
6683:
6644:from the original on 29 August 2018
6444:from the original on 9 January 2018
6414:from the original on 2 January 2019
6335:from the original on 26 August 2016
6188:Sanja Kelly; Julia Breslin (2010).
6020:"Women, the Hijab and the Intifada"
5986:from the original on 22 August 2016
5978:Patrick Johnston (19 August 2016).
5756:from the original on 7 January 2019
5691:from the original on 9 October 2016
5586:"Comparing Burqa Debates in Europe"
5498:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5057:from the original on 20 August 2016
4846:from the original on 13 August 2008
4840:"Women condemn Turkey constitution"
4838:Rainsford, Sarah (2 October 2007).
4809:"Headscarf issue challenges Turkey"
4633:from the original on 16 August 2016
4572:from the original on 21 August 2016
4542:from the original on 26 August 2016
3797:Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence
3501:Cenap Çakmak, ed. (2017). "Hijab".
3448:
2871:. Altamira Press. pp. 179–180.
2467:
2405:. Langham Publishing. p. 196.
2321:Khir-Allah, Ghufran (24 May 2021).
2147:Islamic scarf controversy in France
1628:
839:
828:
801:
168:
39:
24:
10681:Arabic words and phrases in Sharia
10641:Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order
8016:from the original on 10 March 2016
7746:Journal of Organizational Behavior
7217:
6935:ALISSA J. RUBIN (24 August 2016).
6897:Staff and agencies (31 May 2018).
6817:from the original on 16 March 2018
6665:"Dutch MPs to decide on burqa ban"
6504:from the original on 1 August 2018
6250:from the original on 13 April 2019
5958:
5900:El Guindi, Fadwa; Zuhur, Sherifa.
5248:: Ridgeway Publishing. p. 13.
5151:from the original on 4 August 2016
4865:Jonathan Head (31 December 2010).
4819:from the original on 20 April 2010
4206:from the original on 28 March 2019
4067:from the original on 27 March 2019
3986:University of North Carolina Press
3574:"Is Hijab a Qur'anic Commandment?"
3339:Jasperse, Marieke Lyniska (2009).
3327:
2988:"The Quran Does Not Mandate Hijab"
2608:from the original on 13 March 2023
2351:Oxford American Writer's Thesaurus
2072:
1930:People’s Union for Civil Liberties
1786:government buildings and schools.
25:
10712:
10501:Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini
10323:Council of the Islamic Revolution
8898:Head covering for Christian women
8289:
8233:
7801:Equality, Diversity and Inclusion
7476:"Kashmir women face acid attacks"
7416:Roy, Taniya (12 September 2022).
7257:Sheikh Saaliq (8 February 2022).
7025:Harry Cockburn (24 August 2016).
6947:from the original on 1 March 2019
6663:Mardell, Mark (16 January 2006).
6552:. 11 October 2007. Archived from
6530:from the original on 28 June 2018
6408:The New Arab (Al-Araby Al-Jadeed)
6380:Nic Robertson (5 December 2020).
6354:Mail, Daily (15 September 2019).
6309:. U.S. Department of State. 2022.
4873:from the original on 13 June 2018
4660:from the original on 29 July 2016
4420:. Eisenbrauns, 1997. p. 95.
4386:. Eisenbrauns, 1997. p. 87.
4352:. Gyan Books, 2005. p. 130.
3863:Mariam al-Jaber (28 March 2018).
3572:Hameed, Shahul (9 October 2003).
2299:Mitchell, Travis (29 June 2021).
2152:Iranian compulsory hijab protests
1936:Unofficial pressure to wear hijab
1762:The tradition of veiling hair in
1495:
1322:, Palmyra, Syria, 1st century CE.
674:as saying it is no longer than a
194:, particularly after the rise of
10652:
10651:
10389:
8028:
8001:
7975:
7880:
7860:Younis, Mohamed (2 March 2009).
7853:
7843:Journal of Employment Counseling
7819:Canadian Council of Muslim Women
7810:
7755:
7738:
7715:
7678:
7651:
7642:
7615:
7588:
7564:Kirk Semple (25 November 2015).
7557:
7530:
7468:
7437:
7409:
7363:
7337:
7323:
7305:
7238:from the original on 31 May 2019
7211:
7189:
7177:from the original on 18 May 2019
7158:
7121:
6985:
6959:
6890:
6859:
6829:
6803:
6773:
6743:
6725:"The Islamic veil across Europe"
6717:
6656:
6630:
6598:
6568:
6542:
6516:
6486:
6473:
6456:
6430:
6373:
6347:
6323:Jewel Topsfield (7 April 2016).
6299:
6276:
6262:
6242:BBC Monitoring (22 April 2016).
6235:
6208:
6152:
6053:
6026:
5998:
5971:
5952:
5858:
5833:
5807:
5782:
5768:
5736:
5710:Robinson, Jeremy Bender, Melia.
5703:
5677:
5651:
5621:
5606:
5577:
5568:
5535:
5520:
5483:
5423:
5392:
5362:
5312:
5233:
5104:
5069:
5043:
4957:
4916:
4904:from the original on 13 May 2008
4858:
4800:
4770:
4700:
4672:
4645:
3842:, p. 146, Vol. 8, no. 6240.
3191:from the original on 11 May 2018
2985:
2448:Garcia, Myrian (15 March 2022).
2192:Non-Muslim religious coverings:
2116:
2102:
1831:On 15 March 2004, France passed
993:
601:Luxenberg's Syro-Aramaic reading
111:A Tunisian woman wearing a hijab
7658:BBC Trending (13 August 2016).
6841:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
5024:Grenier, Éric (27 April 2016).
4788:from the original on 1 May 2019
4758:from the original on 1 May 2019
4615:
4584:
4564:Shounaz Meky (9 October 2014).
4471:
4450:
4441:
4407:
4373:
4339:
4308:
4296:
4287:
4265:
4244:
4193:
4109:
4053:
4044:
3959:
3934:
3922:
3910:
3901:
3875:
3856:
3845:
3761:
3735:
3658:
3645:
3634:
3623:
3610:
3503:Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia
3470:
3396:
3387:
3040:
2942:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2897:
2894:Lane's Lexicon page 519 and 812
2888:
2875:
2867:Glasse, Cyril (2001). "hijab".
2674:
2648:
2549:
2522:
2484:Encyclopedia of Global Religion
2348:Lindberg, Christine A. (2012).
2229:
2220:
2053:EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch
1757:
728:, and are a major source which
239:(a dress or cloak) rather than
27:Islamic head covering for women
10379:The Satanic Verses controversy
8194:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
7152:10.1016/j.ijintrel.2009.02.005
6526:. BBC News. 31 December 2010.
6093:Ramezani, Reza (spring 2007).
5496:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
5490:John L. Esposito, ed. (2014).
4656:. Tehran Bureau/The Guardian.
4652:Yara Elmjouie (19 June 2014).
4534:RICH MORIN (14 January 2014).
3546:. 8 April 2003. Archived from
2815:, Random House, (2005), p.65–6
2655:Blake, John (12 August 2009).
2509:
2441:
2368:
2341:
2314:
2292:
2266:
1725:Indonesia's central government
760:revealed the Verse of veiling.
13:
1:
6813:. BBC News. 7 February 2016.
3967:"Is a Woman's Voice 'Awrah'?"
3883:"Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 282"
2869:The New Encyclopedia of Islam
2254:
1873:Austrian Constitutional Court
1752:
1556:
1275:Pre-Islamic veiling practices
953:Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari
856:
804:) in the text of this hadith.
660:Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani
246:The clearest verses on topic
10463:Khomeini's 8-article command
10343:Engagement with Jimmy Carter
7478:. BBC News. 10 August 2001.
7199:. BBC News. 11 December 2020
7059:Ben Quinn (23 August 2016).
6969:. BBC News. 12 August 2016.
6060:Fedorak, Shirley A. (2012).
5263:. Inter-India Publications.
4457:WAWI, NA (3 February 2021).
4346:V.A. Mohamad Ashrof (2005).
3214:The Taliban: Ascent to Power
3096:IRBC,, TUR,,4885a91a8,0.html
2535:. Indiana University Press.
2273:Piela, Anna (6 April 2022).
2259:
2157:Violence against women#Dress
2023:and the coining of the term
1407:Oriental Orthodox Christians
1026:temptation or public discord
838:'shield, armature',
814:
682:or head-covering as jilbab.
206:
7:
10328:Islamic Revolutionary Court
10271:1963 demonstrations in Iran
6440:. BBC News. 15 March 2002.
6132:Elizabeth M. Bucar (2011).
5982:. Reuters/Huffington Post.
4591:Yasmin Nouh (11 May 2016).
4093:. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
3520:Ghufran Khir-Allah (2021).
3479:A New Anthropology of Islam
3477:John Richard Bowen (2012).
2354:. Oxford University Press.
2095:
1892:Karnataka hijab controversy
1719:The Indonesian province of
1403:Eastern Orthodox Christians
1401:, as well as among certain
1173:face veil; in Pakistan the
1073:" in the Muslim community.
415:Practice and law by country
159:
117:
50:
10:
10717:
10552:Farideh Mostafavi Khomeini
8068:. Routledge. p. 170.
8054:
7709:10.1037/0735-7028.35.6.635
6667:. BBC News. Archived from
5794:Public Radio International
5592:. Routledge. p. 276.
5240:Anderson, Cory A. (2013).
5221:Anderson, Cory A. (2013).
5144:. University of Hartford.
3483:Cambridge University Press
2162:List of religious headgear
2076:
2012:
1889:
1632:
1566:Egyptian leader President
1442:During Muhammad's lifetime
1278:
1269:
1133:
860:
843: 'a woman's garment'
818:
10649:
10591:
10582:Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi
10524:
10471:
10398:
10387:
10263:
10192:
10121:
9913:
9433:
9266:
9158:
9046:
8999:
8955:
8846:
8837:
8828:
8542:
8470:
8430:
8321:
8310:
8301:
8241:In graphics: Muslim veils
8144:. Yale University Press.
8008:Participating Countries.
7516:10.1177/10778012221079373
7299:Christian Science Monitor
6329:The Sydney Morning Herald
6039:. John Wiley & Sons.
5685:"Pakistan's swinging 70s"
5529:Women and Gender in Islam
5386:Women and Gender in Islam
5371:Women and Gender in Islam
5356:Women and Gender in Islam
5336:Women and Gender in Islam
5321:Women and Gender in Islam
5113:Women and Gender in Islam
5098:Women and Gender in Islam
3794:Kamali, Mohammad (2005).
3721:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
3464:Stanford University Press
3358:10.26686/wgtn.16967146.v1
3233:Louis A. Cainkar (2009).
2834:. Yale University Press.
1880:Staffanstorp Municipality
1845:European Court of Justice
1815:
984:Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih
711:
220:
137:of women from men in the
10546:Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini
8065:Gender and Self in Islam
7864:. Gallup. Archived from
7729:11 December 2010 at the
6221:. Springer. p. 73.
6215:Behnoosh Payvar (2016).
5946:10.35632/ajis.v17i3.2045
5819:National Geographic News
5617:. Yale University Press.
5584:Sara Silverstri (2016).
5546:Islam: The Straight Path
5465:. Random House. p.
5405:. Random House. p.
4349:Islam and gender justice
3082:23 December 2011 at the
2213:
1978:In 2015, authorities in
1885:
1460:Later pre-modern history
1397:today, especially among
918:Sunni schools of thought
911:
732:used to derive rulings.
123:Islamic rules of modesty
10609:Death and state funeral
8199:Oxford University Press
6292:19 October 2017 at the
6272:. UN OHCHR. 6 May 2019.
5542:Esposito, John (1991).
4538:. Pew Research Center.
3062:7 November 2008 at the
1395:Christian denominations
1356:The best-known view on
976:
821:Women's prayer in Islam
125:. In the verses of the
10696:Islamic fundamentalism
10362:Supreme Leader of Iran
7928:Cite journal requires
7825:16 August 2018 at the
7504:Violence Against Women
5287:Gupta, Kamala (1987).
5259:Gupta, Kamala (2003).
3942:"Muslim Women Network"
3318:Psychological Bulletin
2200:Christian headcovering
1993:After the election of
1921:, and by figures like
1828:
1806:Shamsiddin Orumbekzoda
1699:
1644:
1608:women and their rights
1603:
1563:
1513:
1374:Tertullian of Carthage
1364:within the passage in
1358:Christian headcovering
1353:
1323:
1290:
1250:
1198:
1163:
1156:Camp Speicher massacre
1092:
1006:
908:
779:
762:
620:
259:
188:local laws and customs
112:
8937:Salvation Army bonnet
7776:10.1353/csd.2003.0002
5527:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
5384:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
5369:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
5354:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
5334:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
5319:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
5111:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
5096:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
5001:. 23 September 2014.
4323:Yale University Press
4315:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
4002:. 19 September 2010.
3212:M. J. Gohari (2000).
2828:Ahmed, Leila (1992).
2573:Aziz, Shamsa (2011).
2493:10.4135/9781412997898
1857:Nice terrorist attack
1823:
1689:
1642:
1633:Further information:
1598:
1554:
1503:
1399:Anabaptist Christians
1378:Clement of Alexandria
1360:is delineated in the
1348:
1317:
1288:
1279:Further information:
1245:
1190:
1153:
1134:Further information:
1130:Contemporary practice
1079:
1001:
951:in Saudi Arabia, and
936:) believe that it is
883:
794:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
770:
742:
730:Muslim legal scholars
616:
255:
110:
10630:Homafaran Allegiance
10508:Islam and Revolution
10286:1978 Tabriz protests
8251:ReOrienting the Veil
8223:3 March 2021 at the
8134:, Random House, 2005
8062:Anwar, Etin (2006).
7897:10.2139/ssrn.2031979
6843:. 11 February 2016.
6468:Encyclopædia Iranica
6102:2 March 2019 at the
6063:Anthropology Matters
5967:on 24 December 2012.
5752:. 3 September 2015.
5613:Leila Ahmed (2014).
5459:Aslan, Reza (2005).
5399:Aslan, Reza (2005).
4063:. 9 September 2010.
3298:Personnel Psychology
3129:17 July 2012 at the
3119:5 March 2016 at the
3052:4 March 2016 at the
2517:Cambridge Dictionary
2021:September 11 attacks
1623:September 11 attacks
1555:Gamal Abdel Nasser (
1370:early Church Fathers
942:close family members
216:In Islamic scripture
203:despite challenges.
175:texts of hadith and
10458:Letter to Gorbachev
10313:Cultural Revolution
10291:Neauphle-le-Château
9321:Coal scuttle bonnet
8607:Casquette d'Afrique
8038:. worldhijabday.com
8012:. World Hijab Day.
8010:"Worldwide Support"
7868:on 21 December 2011
7283:. 10 February 2022.
5778:. 20 February 2019.
5661:. 4 December 2015.
5659:"Bhutto's Pakistan"
4930:The Washington Post
4597:The Huffington Post
4504:. 23 January 2014.
3980:Sahar Amer (2014).
3458:Samira Haj (2008).
3187:. 28 January 2015.
2881:Sahar Amer (2014),
2604:. 8 December 2020.
2380:Pew Research Center
2166:Covering variants:
1418:Indian subcontinent
1411:Reformed Christians
1220:widespread protests
1096:Khaled Abou El Fadl
746:Umar bin Al-Khattab
697:light from darkness
551:My Stealthy Freedom
469:Taliban Afghanistan
192:workplace prejudice
10614:Alef-Laam Khomeini
10599:Jamaran Hussainiya
10515:The Greatest Jihad
10418:Shiite clericalism
10333:Interim Government
10303:Iranian Revolution
9788:sombrero de catite
9106:Boss of the Plains
8304:List of hat styles
7401:has generic name (
7350:Human Rights Watch
7301:. 8 February 2022.
7218:TT (29 May 2019).
6999:. 19 August 2016.
6787:. 1 October 2016.
6727:. BBC News. 2017.
6614:. September 2017.
6479:El-Guindi, Fadwa,
5908:on 24 October 2014
5635:. 18 August 2013.
5574:Bloom (2002), p.47
4971:. 8 October 2013.
4945:on 19 October 2017
4194:Ali, Abdul Samad.
3917:Muwatta Imam Malik
3022:Morocco World News
2454:Religion Unplugged
2039:religious groups.
1995:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
1919:Human Rights Watch
1829:
1700:
1645:
1604:
1572:Muslim Brotherhood
1568:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1564:
1530:Iranian revolution
1514:
1390:Augustine of Hippo
1382:Hippolytus of Rome
1354:
1349:Roman statue of a
1324:
1291:
1251:
1199:
1177:, the full-length
1164:
1112:Abdullah ibn Masud
1093:
1007:
909:
786:Safiya bint Shaiba
505:Gender segregation
113:
60:[ħɪˈdʒaːb]
10663:
10662:
10487:Tahrir al-Wasilah
10448:Islamic democracy
10257:Ruhollah Khomeini
10223:
10222:
10013:Haredi burqa sect
9810:Stormy Kromer cap
9793:sombrero vueltiao
9783:sombrero cordobés
9429:
9428:
9262:
9261:
9042:
9041:
8995:
8994:
8208:978-0-19-512558-0
8173:978-1-85973-929-7
8151:978-0-300-09422-0
8118:978-0-300-05583-2
8075:978-1-135-99353-5
8036:"World Hijab Day"
7510:(14): 3457–3481.
7224:Svenska Dagbladet
6757:. 21 April 2016.
6410:. 20 March 2018.
5845:www.aljazeera.com
5821:. 12 October 2013
5561:978-0-19-506225-0
5476:978-1-4000-6213-3
5431:"Surat Al-'Ahzab"
5416:978-1-4000-6213-3
5298:978-81-210-0179-3
4782:www.aljazeera.com
4303:Heba G. Kotb M.D.
4028:. 11 April 2016.
3929:Jami` at-Tirmidhi
3919:book 8 hadith 37.
3728:978-1-4411-6137-6
3606:on 17 April 2009.
2687:Feminista Journal
2542:978-0-253-05305-3
2412:978-1-78368-139-6
2361:978-0-19-982992-7
2239:may be shifts in
1810:Radio Free Europe
1710:Ruhollah Khomeini
1652:Legal enforcement
1552:
1526:Soviet–Afghan War
1151:
1087:. (Period before
1032:Alternative views
837:
750:Allah's Messenger
597:
596:
48:
30:In modern usage,
16:(Redirected from
10708:
10686:Modesty in Islam
10655:
10654:
10564:Hussein Khomeini
10540:Mostafa Khomeini
10423:Death to America
10393:
10281:1978 Qom protest
10250:
10243:
10236:
10227:
10226:
9778:sombrero calañés
9156:
9155:
8970:epanokalimavkion
8844:
8843:
8835:
8834:
8319:
8318:
8284:
8277:
8270:
8261:
8260:
8212:
8177:
8166:. Oxford: Berg.
8160:El Guindi, Fadwa
8155:
8122:
8098:
8079:
8048:
8047:
8045:
8043:
8032:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8021:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7979:
7973:
7966:
7955:
7944:
7938:
7937:
7931:
7926:
7924:
7916:
7884:
7878:
7877:
7875:
7873:
7857:
7851:
7838:
7829:
7814:
7808:
7797:
7788:
7787:
7759:
7753:
7742:
7736:
7719:
7713:
7712:
7702:
7682:
7676:
7675:
7673:
7671:
7655:
7649:
7646:
7640:
7639:
7637:
7635:
7619:
7613:
7612:
7610:
7608:
7592:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7561:
7555:
7554:
7534:
7528:
7527:
7498:
7492:
7491:
7489:
7487:
7472:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7441:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7413:
7407:
7406:
7400:
7396:
7394:
7386:
7384:
7382:
7367:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7356:
7341:
7335:
7334:
7327:
7321:
7320:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7291:
7285:
7284:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7254:
7248:
7247:
7245:
7243:
7215:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7204:
7193:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7182:
7162:
7156:
7155:
7145:
7125:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7094:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7056:
7047:
7046:
7044:
7042:
7022:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7008:
6989:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6978:
6963:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6932:
6919:
6918:
6916:
6914:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6833:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6807:
6801:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6777:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6736:
6721:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6710:
6690:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6676:
6660:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6602:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6582:. Archived from
6572:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6546:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6535:
6520:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6490:
6484:
6477:
6471:
6460:
6454:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6434:
6428:
6427:
6421:
6419:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6389:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6351:
6345:
6344:
6342:
6340:
6320:
6311:
6310:
6303:
6297:
6287:available online
6280:
6274:
6273:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6239:
6233:
6232:
6212:
6206:
6205:
6185:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6171:
6156:
6150:
6149:
6129:
6120:
6091:
6078:
6077:
6057:
6051:
6050:
6030:
6024:
6023:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6006:"Women in Islam"
6002:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5991:
5975:
5969:
5968:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5929:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5913:
5897:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5853:
5851:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5826:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5786:
5780:
5779:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5727:
5719:
5716:Business Insider
5707:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5681:
5675:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5549:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5524:
5518:
5517:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5456:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5442:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5351:
5340:
5339:
5331:
5325:
5324:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5284:
5278:
5277:
5256:
5250:
5249:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5196:
5187:
5186:
5180:
5178:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5150:
5143:
5137:Richard Freund.
5134:
5117:
5116:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5093:
5082:
5081:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5021:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
4991:
4985:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4941:. Archived from
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4735:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4721:
4704:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4676:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4649:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4619:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4561:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4531:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4494:
4483:
4482:
4475:
4469:
4468:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4411:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4312:
4306:
4300:
4294:
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3982:What Is Veiling?
3977:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3894:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3860:
3854:
3849:
3843:
3837:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3710:
3697:
3696:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3662:
3656:
3649:
3643:
3638:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3614:
3608:
3607:
3602:. Archived from
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3576:. Archived from
3569:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3487:
3486:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3426:
3420:
3417:
3408:
3407:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3347:
3336:
3325:
3314:
3305:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3271:. Archived from
3260:
3251:
3250:
3230:
3217:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3177:
3168:
3161:, Turkmenistan:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2983:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2928:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2886:
2883:What Is Veiling?
2879:
2873:
2872:
2864:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2825:
2816:
2804:
2789:
2788:
2762:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2598:
2587:
2586:
2570:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2526:
2520:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2478:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2270:
2248:
2241:linguistic usage
2233:
2227:
2224:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2107:
2106:
2105:
1946:Lashkar-e-Jabbar
1923:Malala Yousafzai
1917:, as well as by
1635:Hijab by country
1629:Around the world
1561:
1558:
1553:
1454:darabat al-hijab
1413:, among others.
1366:1 Corinthians 11
1258:and 2% wear the
1249:wearing a turban
1247:Muna AbuSulayman
1160:Salim al-Jabouri
1152:
1140:Hijab by country
1063:darabat al-hijab
1003:Malala Yousafzai
844:
841:
835:
832:
830:
803:
734:Sahih al-Bukhari
706:purity of hearts
634:states that the
589:
582:
575:
261:
260:
170:
162:
120:
95:favored by many
62:
57:
53:
43:
41:
21:
10716:
10715:
10711:
10710:
10709:
10707:
10706:
10705:
10666:
10665:
10664:
10659:
10645:
10587:
10578:(granddaughter)
10570:Hassan Khomeini
10534:Khadijeh Saqafi
10520:
10467:
10438:Sex segregation
10394:
10385:
10372:Israeli support
10338:1979 Referendum
10318:Supreme Council
10259:
10254:
10224:
10219:
10188:
10117:
9915:
9909:
9483:Bhadgaunle Topi
9468:Balmoral bonnet
9458:Astrakhan (hat)
9425:
9258:
9154:
9038:
8991:
8951:
8888:Christening cap
8878:Cappello romano
8824:
8810:Square academic
8617:Cavalry Stetson
8602:Cappello Alpino
8538:
8466:
8426:
8313:
8306:
8297:
8288:
8236:
8231:
8225:Wayback Machine
8209:
8174:
8152:
8119:
8095:
8076:
8057:
8052:
8051:
8041:
8039:
8034:
8033:
8029:
8019:
8017:
8006:
8002:
7992:
7990:
7981:
7980:
7976:
7967:
7958:
7945:
7941:
7929:
7927:
7918:
7917:
7885:
7881:
7871:
7869:
7858:
7854:
7839:
7832:
7827:Wayback Machine
7815:
7811:
7798:
7791:
7760:
7756:
7743:
7739:
7731:Wayback Machine
7720:
7716:
7700:10.1.1.569.7436
7683:
7679:
7669:
7667:
7656:
7652:
7647:
7643:
7633:
7631:
7620:
7616:
7606:
7604:
7593:
7589:
7579:
7577:
7562:
7558:
7551:
7535:
7531:
7499:
7495:
7485:
7483:
7474:
7473:
7469:
7459:
7457:
7450:The Independent
7442:
7438:
7428:
7426:
7414:
7410:
7398:
7397:
7388:
7387:
7380:
7378:
7368:
7364:
7354:
7352:
7342:
7338:
7329:
7328:
7324:
7317:The News Minute
7311:
7310:
7306:
7293:
7292:
7288:
7275:
7274:
7270:
7255:
7251:
7241:
7239:
7216:
7212:
7202:
7200:
7195:
7194:
7190:
7180:
7178:
7163:
7159:
7143:10.1.1.471.6175
7126:
7122:
7112:
7110:
7095:
7084:
7074:
7072:
7057:
7050:
7040:
7038:
7031:The Independent
7023:
7016:
7006:
7004:
6991:
6990:
6986:
6976:
6974:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6950:
6948:
6933:
6922:
6912:
6910:
6895:
6891:
6881:
6879:
6864:
6860:
6850:
6848:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6820:
6818:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6794:
6792:
6785:The Independent
6779:
6778:
6774:
6764:
6762:
6755:The Independent
6749:
6748:
6744:
6734:
6732:
6723:
6722:
6718:
6708:
6706:
6691:
6684:
6674:
6672:
6671:on 12 June 2018
6661:
6657:
6647:
6645:
6636:
6635:
6631:
6621:
6619:
6611:The Independent
6604:
6603:
6599:
6589:
6587:
6586:on 22 June 2024
6574:
6573:
6569:
6559:
6557:
6556:on 20 July 2013
6548:
6547:
6543:
6533:
6531:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6507:
6505:
6500:. 6 June 2008.
6492:
6491:
6487:
6478:
6474:
6461:
6457:
6447:
6445:
6436:
6435:
6431:
6417:
6415:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6387:
6385:
6378:
6374:
6364:
6362:
6352:
6348:
6338:
6336:
6321:
6314:
6305:
6304:
6300:
6294:Wayback Machine
6281:
6277:
6268:
6267:
6263:
6253:
6251:
6240:
6236:
6229:
6213:
6209:
6202:
6186:
6179:
6169:
6167:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6130:
6123:
6104:Wayback Machine
6092:
6081:
6074:
6058:
6054:
6047:
6031:
6027:
6018:
6017:
6013:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5989:
5987:
5976:
5972:
5957:
5953:
5930:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5898:
5885:
5875:
5873:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5849:
5847:
5839:
5838:
5834:
5824:
5822:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5796:
5788:
5787:
5783:
5774:
5773:
5769:
5759:
5757:
5742:
5741:
5737:
5721:
5720:
5708:
5704:
5694:
5692:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5668:
5666:
5657:
5656:
5652:
5642:
5640:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5611:
5607:
5600:
5582:
5578:
5573:
5569:
5562:
5540:
5536:
5525:
5521:
5514:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5457:
5450:
5440:
5438:
5429:
5428:
5424:
5417:
5397:
5393:
5382:
5378:
5367:
5363:
5352:
5343:
5332:
5328:
5317:
5313:
5299:
5285:
5281:
5271:
5257:
5253:
5238:
5234:
5219:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5190:
5176:
5174:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5141:
5135:
5120:
5109:
5105:
5094:
5085:
5074:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5034:
5032:
5022:
5018:
5008:
5006:
4993:
4992:
4988:
4978:
4976:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4890:
4886:
4876:
4874:
4863:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4836:
4832:
4822:
4820:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4776:
4775:
4771:
4761:
4759:
4736:
4729:
4719:
4717:
4705:
4701:
4691:
4689:
4677:
4673:
4663:
4661:
4650:
4646:
4636:
4634:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4606:
4604:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4562:
4555:
4545:
4543:
4532:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4502:Huffington Post
4496:
4495:
4486:
4477:
4476:
4472:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4412:
4408:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4313:
4309:
4301:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4274:"Hijab of Eyes"
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4235:
4233:
4228:. 15 May 2014.
4224:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4207:
4192:
4188:
4178:
4176:
4171:. 27 May 2014.
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4119:. 30 May 2009.
4117:"Who is Mahram"
4115:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4070:
4068:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4049:
4045:
4035:
4033:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3978:
3974:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3946:www.mwnuk.co.uk
3940:
3939:
3935:
3927:
3923:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3892:
3890:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3846:
3838:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3792:
3788:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3711:
3700:
3693:
3677:
3673:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3650:
3646:
3639:
3635:
3628:
3624:
3615:
3611:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3580:on 4 April 2023
3570:
3563:
3553:
3551:
3550:on 26 June 2010
3544:IslamonLine.net
3538:
3537:
3533:
3518:
3514:
3499:
3490:
3475:
3471:
3456:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3435:Washington Post
3427:
3423:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3345:
3337:
3328:
3315:
3308:
3295:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3275:on 25 July 2019
3261:
3254:
3247:
3231:
3220:
3211:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3179:
3178:
3171:
3145:, Switzerland:
3131:Wayback Machine
3121:Wayback Machine
3084:Wayback Machine
3064:Wayback Machine
3054:Wayback Machine
3045:
3041:
3031:
3029:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3001:
2999:
2986:Syed, Ibrahim.
2984:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2955:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2911:
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2805:
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2730:
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2708:
2701:
2691:
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2679:
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2629:
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2621:
2611:
2609:
2600:
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2571:
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2523:
2514:
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2503:
2479:
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2305:
2303:
2297:
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2283:
2281:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2204:religious habit
2182:(worn by men),
2132:World Hijab Day
2122:
2117:
2115:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2085:
2079:World Hijab Day
2075:
2073:World Hijab Day
2017:
2011:
1966:
1958:women in Jordan
1938:
1894:
1888:
1818:
1764:Persian culture
1760:
1755:
1668:. In 1990, the
1654:
1637:
1631:
1559:
1543:
1498:
1462:
1444:
1386:John Chrysostom
1340:Fadwa El Guindi
1283:
1277:
1272:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1054:Karen Armstrong
1034:
996:
979:
916:The four major
914:
905:concubine women
865:
859:
842:
823:
817:
748:used to say to
714:
593:
561:World Hijab Day
223:
218:
209:
75:women, certain
73:Orthodox Jewish
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10714:
10704:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10661:
10660:
10650:
10647:
10646:
10644:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10626:
10621:
10616:
10611:
10606:
10601:
10595:
10593:
10589:
10588:
10586:
10585:
10579:
10576:Zahra Eshraghi
10573:
10567:
10561:
10558:Ahmad Khomeini
10555:
10549:
10543:
10537:
10530:
10528:
10522:
10521:
10519:
10518:
10511:
10504:
10497:
10494:Kashf al-Asrar
10490:
10483:
10475:
10473:
10469:
10468:
10466:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10425:
10420:
10415:
10410:
10408:American Islam
10404:
10402:
10396:
10395:
10388:
10386:
10384:
10383:
10382:
10381:
10376:
10375:
10374:
10359:
10358:
10357:
10350:
10345:
10340:
10335:
10330:
10325:
10320:
10315:
10310:
10300:
10298:Return to Iran
10295:
10294:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10273:
10267:
10265:
10261:
10260:
10253:
10252:
10245:
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10000:
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9908:
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9897:
9892:
9887:
9882:
9877:
9872:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9847:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9830:Tam o' shanter
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9796:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9770:
9765:
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9755:
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9745:
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9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9668:Montera picona
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9588:Icelandic tail
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
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9545:
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9525:
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9505:
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9455:
9450:
9445:
9439:
9437:
9431:
9430:
9427:
9426:
9424:
9423:
9421:Gediminas' Cap
9418:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
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9278:
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9270:
9264:
9263:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9256:
9251:
9246:
9241:
9240:
9239:
9237:green eyeshade
9229:
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9219:
9214:
9209:
9204:
9199:
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9197:
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8807:
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8779:
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8773:
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8758:
8753:
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8747:
8746:
8741:
8731:
8726:
8725:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8688:Military beret
8685:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8645:
8644:
8634:
8632:Feather bonnet
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
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8548:
8546:
8540:
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8531:
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8482:
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8459:
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8449:
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8447:
8436:
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8425:
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8423:
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8412:
8407:
8402:
8401:
8400:
8390:
8389:
8388:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8363:
8358:
8353:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8333:
8327:
8325:
8316:
8308:
8307:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8287:
8286:
8279:
8272:
8264:
8258:
8257:
8248:
8235:
8234:External links
8232:
8230:
8229:
8213:
8207:
8189:Esposito, John
8185:
8180:Elver, Hilal.
8178:
8172:
8156:
8150:
8135:
8123:
8117:
8099:
8093:
8080:
8074:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8050:
8049:
8027:
8000:
7974:
7956:
7939:
7930:|journal=
7879:
7852:
7830:
7809:
7789:
7754:
7737:
7714:
7693:(6): 635–642.
7677:
7650:
7641:
7614:
7587:
7570:New York Times
7556:
7549:
7529:
7493:
7467:
7436:
7408:
7362:
7336:
7322:
7304:
7286:
7268:
7249:
7226:(in Swedish).
7210:
7188:
7157:
7136:(5): 419–428.
7120:
7082:
7048:
7014:
6984:
6958:
6941:New York Times
6920:
6889:
6858:
6828:
6802:
6772:
6742:
6716:
6682:
6655:
6629:
6597:
6567:
6541:
6515:
6485:
6472:
6455:
6429:
6395:
6372:
6346:
6312:
6298:
6275:
6261:
6234:
6227:
6207:
6200:
6177:
6151:
6144:
6121:
6079:
6072:
6052:
6045:
6025:
6011:
5997:
5970:
5959:Elsaie, Adel.
5951:
5919:
5883:
5872:. 23 July 2018
5857:
5832:
5806:
5781:
5767:
5735:
5702:
5676:
5650:
5620:
5605:
5598:
5576:
5567:
5560:
5534:
5519:
5512:
5482:
5475:
5462:No God but God
5448:
5422:
5415:
5402:No God but God
5391:
5376:
5361:
5341:
5326:
5311:
5297:
5279:
5269:
5251:
5232:
5213:
5188:
5162:
5118:
5103:
5083:
5068:
5042:
5016:
4986:
4956:
4915:
4884:
4857:
4830:
4799:
4769:
4727:
4699:
4671:
4644:
4629:. Qantara.de.
4614:
4583:
4568:. Al Arabiya.
4553:
4519:
4484:
4470:
4449:
4440:
4426:
4406:
4392:
4372:
4358:
4338:
4332:978-0300055832
4331:
4307:
4295:
4286:
4264:
4243:
4217:
4186:
4160:
4134:
4108:
4078:
4052:
4043:
4017:
3991:
3972:
3969:. 8 June 2023.
3958:
3933:
3921:
3909:
3900:
3885:. sunnah.com.
3874:
3855:
3844:
3832:
3830:, p. 170.
3820:
3806:
3786:
3760:
3734:
3727:
3698:
3691:
3671:
3657:
3644:
3633:
3622:
3609:
3591:
3561:
3531:
3512:
3509:. p. 595.
3488:
3469:
3466:. p. 134.
3447:
3421:
3409:
3395:
3386:
3326:
3306:
3286:
3252:
3245:
3218:
3202:
3169:
3164:, Uzbekistan:
3158:, Tajikistan:
3152:, Kazakhstan:
3039:
3009:
2975:
2963:
2941:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2874:
2854:
2840:
2817:
2812:No God but God
2790:
2783:
2728:
2699:
2673:
2647:
2619:
2588:
2562:
2548:
2541:
2521:
2508:
2501:
2466:
2440:
2411:
2393:
2382:. 29 June 2021
2367:
2360:
2340:
2333:
2313:
2291:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2228:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2190:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:Types of hijab
2134:
2128:
2127:
2124:Fashion portal
2113:
2097:
2094:
2074:
2071:
2010:
2007:
1988:Fergana Valley
1965:
1962:
1937:
1934:
1887:
1884:
1826:Hujum policies
1817:
1814:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1704:Hassan Rouhani
1690:Women wearing
1666:First Intifada
1653:
1650:
1630:
1627:
1497:
1496:Modern history
1494:
1466:Arab conquests
1461:
1458:
1443:
1440:
1320:Temple of Baal
1309:Vestal Virgins
1296:sumptuary laws
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1207:Hassan Rouhani
1136:Types of hijab
1131:
1128:
1121:Quraish Shihab
1033:
1030:
995:
992:
987:Musa al-Kadhim
978:
975:
913:
910:
858:
855:
854:
853:
846:
819:Main article:
816:
813:
812:
811:
806:
805:
772:...the men of
768:was revealed,
713:
710:
595:
594:
592:
591:
584:
577:
569:
566:
565:
564:
563:
558:
553:
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222:
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214:
208:
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79:, such as the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10713:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10658:
10648:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10631:
10627:
10625:
10622:
10620:
10617:
10615:
10612:
10610:
10607:
10605:
10602:
10600:
10597:
10596:
10594:
10590:
10584:(grandfather)
10583:
10580:
10577:
10574:
10571:
10568:
10565:
10562:
10559:
10556:
10553:
10550:
10547:
10544:
10541:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10531:
10529:
10527:
10523:
10517:
10516:
10512:
10510:
10509:
10505:
10503:
10502:
10498:
10496:
10495:
10491:
10489:
10488:
10484:
10482:
10481:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10470:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10416:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10401:
10397:
10392:
10380:
10377:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10368:
10367:Iran–Iraq War
10365:
10364:
10363:
10360:
10356:
10355:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10329:
10326:
10324:
10321:
10319:
10316:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10305:
10304:
10301:
10299:
10296:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10278:
10277:
10276:Life in exile
10274:
10272:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10262:
10258:
10251:
10246:
10244:
10239:
10237:
10232:
10231:
10228:
10216:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10197:
10195:
10191:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10170:
10167:
10165:
10162:
10160:
10157:
10155:
10152:
10150:
10149:Campaign cord
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10126:
10124:
10120:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10073:Puneri Pagadi
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9920:
9918:
9912:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9881:
9878:
9876:
9873:
9871:
9868:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9775:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9683:Nón quai thao
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9448:Asian conical
9446:
9444:
9441:
9440:
9438:
9436:
9432:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9269:
9265:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9244:Stormy Kromer
9242:
9238:
9235:
9234:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9208:
9205:
9203:
9200:
9196:
9193:
9192:
9191:
9188:
9184:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9176:
9172:
9169:
9168:
9167:
9164:
9163:
9161:
9157:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9124:
9121:
9120:
9119:
9116:
9114:
9111:
9107:
9104:
9103:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9053:
9051:
9049:
9045:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9025:
9022:
9020:
9017:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9004:
9002:
8998:
8988:
8985:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8967:
8966:
8963:
8962:
8960:
8958:
8954:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8921:
8918:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8903:Easter bonnet
8901:
8900:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8862:
8859:
8858:
8857:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8849:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8827:
8821:
8820:Utility cover
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8804:
8801:
8800:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8784:
8781:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8757:
8754:
8752:
8749:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8694:
8693:
8692:Uniform beret
8689:
8686:
8684:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8597:Cap comforter
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8549:
8547:
8545:
8541:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8500:
8496:
8493:
8492:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8477:
8475:
8473:
8469:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8446:
8443:
8442:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8429:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8399:
8396:
8395:
8394:
8391:
8387:
8384:
8383:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8351:Draped turban
8349:
8347:
8344:
8342:
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8329:
8328:
8326:
8324:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8309:
8305:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8285:
8280:
8278:
8273:
8271:
8266:
8265:
8262:
8256:
8252:
8249:
8246:
8242:
8238:
8237:
8227:
8226:
8222:
8219:
8214:
8210:
8204:
8200:
8196:
8195:
8190:
8186:
8183:
8179:
8175:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8147:
8143:
8142:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8127:
8124:
8120:
8114:
8110:
8109:
8104:
8100:
8096:
8094:9960-717-32-1
8090:
8086:
8081:
8077:
8071:
8067:
8066:
8060:
8059:
8037:
8031:
8015:
8011:
8004:
7988:
7984:
7978:
7971:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7953:
7949:
7943:
7935:
7922:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7902:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7883:
7867:
7863:
7856:
7849:
7845:
7844:
7837:
7835:
7828:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7813:
7806:
7802:
7796:
7794:
7785:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7758:
7751:
7747:
7741:
7734:
7732:
7728:
7725:
7718:
7710:
7706:
7701:
7696:
7692:
7688:
7681:
7665:
7661:
7654:
7645:
7629:
7625:
7618:
7602:
7598:
7591:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7560:
7552:
7550:9781134032839
7546:
7542:
7541:
7533:
7525:
7521:
7517:
7513:
7509:
7505:
7497:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7455:
7451:
7447:
7440:
7425:
7424:
7419:
7412:
7404:
7392:
7377:
7373:
7366:
7351:
7347:
7340:
7332:
7326:
7318:
7314:
7308:
7300:
7296:
7290:
7282:
7278:
7272:
7264:
7260:
7253:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7225:
7221:
7214:
7198:
7192:
7176:
7173:(in German).
7172:
7168:
7161:
7153:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7135:
7131:
7124:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7093:
7091:
7089:
7087:
7070:
7066:
7062:
7055:
7053:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7021:
7019:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6988:
6972:
6968:
6962:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6908:
6904:
6900:
6893:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6862:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6832:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6776:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6746:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6689:
6687:
6670:
6666:
6659:
6643:
6639:
6633:
6617:
6613:
6612:
6607:
6601:
6585:
6581:
6577:
6571:
6555:
6551:
6545:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6482:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6459:
6443:
6439:
6433:
6426:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6383:
6376:
6361:
6357:
6350:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6319:
6317:
6308:
6302:
6295:
6291:
6288:
6284:
6279:
6271:
6265:
6249:
6245:
6238:
6230:
6228:9781137525703
6224:
6220:
6219:
6211:
6203:
6201:9781442203976
6197:
6193:
6192:
6184:
6182:
6165:
6161:
6155:
6147:
6145:9781589017528
6141:
6137:
6136:
6128:
6126:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6075:
6073:9781442605930
6069:
6065:
6064:
6056:
6048:
6046:9780745654683
6042:
6038:
6037:
6029:
6022:. 4 May 1990.
6021:
6015:
6007:
6001:
5985:
5981:
5974:
5966:
5962:
5955:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5907:
5903:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5846:
5842:
5841:"Cover Story"
5836:
5820:
5816:
5810:
5795:
5791:
5785:
5777:
5771:
5755:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5731:
5725:
5717:
5713:
5706:
5690:
5686:
5680:
5664:
5660:
5654:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5616:
5609:
5601:
5599:9781317067542
5595:
5591:
5587:
5580:
5571:
5563:
5557:
5553:
5548:
5547:
5538:
5530:
5523:
5515:
5513:9780195125580
5509:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5486:
5478:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5463:
5455:
5453:
5436:
5432:
5426:
5418:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5403:
5395:
5387:
5380:
5372:
5365:
5357:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5337:
5330:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5294:
5290:
5283:
5276:
5272:
5270:9788121004145
5266:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5243:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5217:
5201:
5195:
5193:
5185:
5172:
5166:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5114:
5107:
5099:
5092:
5090:
5088:
5079:
5072:
5056:
5052:
5046:
5031:
5027:
5020:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4990:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4926:
4919:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4888:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4845:
4841:
4834:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4734:
4732:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4703:
4688:
4687:
4682:
4675:
4659:
4655:
4648:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4587:
4571:
4567:
4560:
4558:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4524:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4474:
4466:
4462:
4461:
4453:
4444:
4429:
4427:9781575060200
4423:
4419:
4418:
4410:
4395:
4393:9781575060200
4389:
4385:
4384:
4376:
4361:
4359:9788178354569
4355:
4351:
4350:
4342:
4334:
4328:
4324:
4321:. New Haven:
4320:
4319:
4311:
4304:
4299:
4290:
4275:
4268:
4253:
4247:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4190:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4047:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3988:. p. 37.
3987:
3983:
3976:
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3528:. p. 59.
3527:
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3493:
3485:. p. 67.
3484:
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3406:. 5 May 2019.
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2585:(4): 353–366.
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994:Miscellaneous
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802:فَاخْتَمَرْنَ
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546:Kashf-e hijab
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10513:
10506:
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10485:
10478:
10442:
10433:Little Satan
10413:Anti-Zionism
10352:
10017:
9870:Tsunokakushi
9331:Dolly Varden
9232:Sports visor
9217:Horse racing
9202:Bicycle clip
8562:Bell-boy hat
8480:Cabbage-tree
8445:Anthony Eden
8216:
8193:
8181:
8163:
8140:
8129:
8107:
8103:Ahmed, Leila
8084:
8064:
8040:. Retrieved
8030:
8018:. Retrieved
8003:
7993:13 September
7991:. Retrieved
7977:
7969:
7951:
7947:
7942:
7921:cite journal
7882:
7870:. Retrieved
7866:the original
7855:
7850:(4), 146-157
7847:
7841:
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7757:
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7690:
7686:
7680:
7668:. Retrieved
7662:. BBC News.
7653:
7644:
7632:. Retrieved
7617:
7605:. Retrieved
7590:
7578:. Retrieved
7569:
7559:
7539:
7532:
7507:
7503:
7496:
7484:. Retrieved
7470:
7458:. Retrieved
7449:
7439:
7429:15 September
7427:. Retrieved
7421:
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7399:|last1=
7379:. Retrieved
7375:
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7353:. Retrieved
7349:
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7263:Toronto Star
7262:
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7240:. Retrieved
7223:
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7191:
7179:. Retrieved
7171:Tageblatt.lu
7170:
7160:
7133:
7129:
7123:
7111:. Retrieved
7103:The Guardian
7102:
7073:. Retrieved
7065:The Guardian
7064:
7039:. Retrieved
7030:
7005:. Retrieved
6997:The Local.fr
6996:
6987:
6975:. Retrieved
6961:
6949:. Retrieved
6940:
6911:. Retrieved
6903:The Guardian
6902:
6892:
6880:. Retrieved
6872:The Guardian
6871:
6861:
6849:. Retrieved
6840:
6831:
6819:. Retrieved
6805:
6793:. Retrieved
6784:
6775:
6763:. Retrieved
6754:
6745:
6733:. Retrieved
6719:
6709:29 September
6707:. Retrieved
6698:
6673:. Retrieved
6669:the original
6658:
6646:. Retrieved
6632:
6620:. Retrieved
6609:
6600:
6588:. Retrieved
6584:the original
6579:
6570:
6558:. Retrieved
6554:the original
6544:
6532:. Retrieved
6518:
6506:. Retrieved
6497:
6488:
6483:, Berg, 1999
6480:
6475:
6466:
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6446:. Retrieved
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6168:. Retrieved
6154:
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6062:
6055:
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6028:
6014:
6000:
5988:. Retrieved
5973:
5965:the original
5954:
5940:(3): 22–53.
5937:
5933:
5910:. Retrieved
5906:the original
5874:. Retrieved
5869:
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5848:. Retrieved
5844:
5835:
5823:. Retrieved
5818:
5809:
5797:. Retrieved
5793:
5784:
5770:
5758:. Retrieved
5749:The Guardian
5747:
5738:
5715:
5705:
5693:. Retrieved
5679:
5667:. Retrieved
5653:
5641:. Retrieved
5633:albawaba.com
5632:
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5439:. Retrieved
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5204:. Retrieved
5182:
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5165:
5153:. Retrieved
5112:
5106:
5097:
5077:
5071:
5059:. Retrieved
5045:
5033:. Retrieved
5029:
5019:
5007:. Retrieved
4998:
4989:
4977:. Retrieved
4968:
4959:
4947:. Retrieved
4943:the original
4928:
4918:
4906:. Retrieved
4897:
4887:
4875:. Retrieved
4869:. BBC News.
4860:
4848:. Retrieved
4842:. BBC News.
4833:
4821:. Retrieved
4802:
4790:. Retrieved
4781:
4772:
4760:. Retrieved
4743:
4720:17 September
4718:. Retrieved
4714:The Guardian
4712:
4702:
4692:17 September
4690:. Retrieved
4686:The Guardian
4684:
4674:
4662:. Retrieved
4647:
4635:. Retrieved
4626:
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4605:. Retrieved
4596:
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4574:. Retrieved
4544:. Retrieved
4510:. Retrieved
4501:
4473:
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4452:
4443:
4431:. Retrieved
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4363:. Retrieved
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4277:. Retrieved
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4177:. Retrieved
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4151:. Retrieved
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4008:. Retrieved
3994:
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3949:. Retrieved
3945:
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3912:
3903:
3891:. Retrieved
3877:
3858:
3847:
3840:Bukhārī 1997
3835:
3823:
3811:. Retrieved
3796:
3789:
3777:. Retrieved
3763:
3751:. Retrieved
3737:
3718:
3681:
3674:
3660:
3647:
3636:
3625:
3612:
3604:the original
3594:
3582:. Retrieved
3578:the original
3552:. Retrieved
3548:the original
3543:
3534:
3521:
3515:
3502:
3478:
3472:
3459:
3438:. Retrieved
3434:
3424:
3398:
3389:
3379:28 September
3377:. Retrieved
3349:
3341:
3321:
3317:
3304:(4), 881–906
3301:
3297:
3277:. Retrieved
3273:the original
3268:
3235:
3213:
3193:. Retrieved
3184:
3133:, Singapore:
3046:Azerbaijan:
3042:
3030:. Retrieved
3021:
3012:
3000:. Retrieved
2991:
2970:
2966:
2954:. Retrieved
2944:
2936:islamqa.info
2935:
2926:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2868:
2845:. Retrieved
2830:
2810:
2766:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:
2690:. Retrieved
2686:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2610:. Retrieved
2582:
2578:
2551:
2531:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2483:
2457:. Retrieved
2453:
2443:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2416:
2402:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2379:
2370:
2350:
2343:
2327:. Springer.
2323:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2278:
2268:
2237:its language
2231:
2222:
2193:
2110:Islam portal
2086:
2083:Hijabophobia
2067:
2063:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:Islamophobia
2018:
2015:Hijabophobia
2000:
1992:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1955:
1939:
1927:
1895:
1877:
1865:
1861:
1850:
1841:
1830:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1761:
1758:Muslim world
1740:
1735:Saudi Arabia
1733:
1718:
1714:Ali Khamenei
1708:
1701:
1678:
1655:
1646:
1620:
1615:Pan-Islamism
1612:
1605:
1590:
1577:
1565:
1515:
1506:Kuala Lumpur
1489:
1485:
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1475:
1471:
1463:
1453:
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1432:
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1010:
1008:
980:
970:
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962:
960:
957:
946:
915:
885:
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798:Fatḥ al-Bārī
780:
771:
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743:
715:
705:
700:
691:
689:
675:
667:
665:
635:
621:
617:
605:
598:
536:Hijabophobia
464:Saudi Arabia
340:
256:
248:Surah An-Nur
245:
240:
234:
230:
228:
224:
210:
196:Islamophobia
185:
173:
154:
150:
146:
143:metaphysical
141:, whereas a
114:
31:
29:
10619:Fajr decade
10453:Imam's Line
10428:Great Satan
10193:Accessories
10144:Bumper brim
10048:Mysore peta
9753:Senufo bird
9663:Montenegrin
9598:Jeongjagwan
9543:Energy dome
9498:Blue bonnet
9401:Poke bonnet
9346:French hood
9212:Deerstalker
9171:baggy green
8975:kalimavkion
8925:papal tiara
8679:Maintenance
8432:Semi-formal
8126:Aslan, Reza
7807:(1), 49-67.
7580:27 February
7333:. BBC News.
7041:28 December
6951:27 February
5876:29 November
4999:news24.com/
4236:18 February
4210:18 February
4179:18 February
4153:18 February
4127:18 February
4071:18 February
4036:18 February
4010:18 February
3440:22 December
3149:, Denmark:
3142:, Austria:
3032:26 December
3002:26 December
2807:Aslan, Reza
1802:Eid al-Adha
1798:Eid al-Fitr
1747:Afghanistan
1741:During the
1560: 1965
1216:Mahsa Amini
1037:Leila Ahmed
1022:recommended
10670:Categories
10572:(grandson)
10566:(grandson)
10554:(daughter)
10548:(daughter)
9923:Apostolnik
9553:Four Winds
9528:Dhaka topi
9488:Birke topi
9478:Beonggeoji
9268:Historical
9254:Water polo
8980:koukoulion
8861:Canterbury
8793:Sou'wester
8642:karvalakki
8361:Fascinator
7972:(2), 70-97
6882:5 February
6851:5 February
6821:5 February
6795:5 February
6765:5 February
6735:5 February
6498:Al Jazeera
6360:NST Online
6170:12 October
5912:11 October
5870:EgyptToday
5760:23 October
5695:23 October
5669:23 October
5643:23 October
5441:1 December
5009:3 November
4979:1 February
3893:8 November
3869:Al Arabiya
3828:Anwar 2006
3813:8 November
3807:0946621810
3779:8 November
3753:8 November
3366:10063/1005
3350:Core.ac.uk
3139:, Québec:
3136:, Kosovo:
3123:, Senegal:
3111:, Germany:
3094:, Turkey:
3070:, Tunisia:
3056:, Morocco:
2612:1 November
2284:12 January
2255:References
2077:See also:
2045:Republican
2013:See also:
2003:Kyrgyzstan
1980:Uzbekistan
1973:Kazakhstan
1890:See also:
1753:Legal bans
1745:regime in
1621:After the
1194:wearing a
1104:companions
1058:Reza Aslan
938:obligatory
861:See also:
857:Dress code
652:Ibn Hayyan
644:Al-Qurtubi
640:Jahiliyyah
632:Ibn Kathir
91:, and the
85:apostolnik
56:pronounced
10604:Mausoleum
10400:Positions
10154:Cointoise
10122:Hat parts
9993:Għonnella
9875:Tubeteika
9673:Mooskappe
9583:Glengarry
9443:Arakhchin
9366:Kokoshnik
9222:Mounteere
9207:Casquette
9178:Balaclava
9066:Barretina
9034:Shtreimel
8947:Zucchetto
8932:Pilgrim's
8839:Christian
8830:Religious
8776:triglavka
8756:Rogatywka
8751:Printer's
8739:mariner's
8669:Mazepynka
8649:Fur wedge
8582:Budenovka
8534:Wideawake
8386:lampshade
8331:Cartwheel
7905:142425660
7872:2 January
7784:145659665
7770:: 47–66.
7752:(1), 4-23
7695:CiteSeerX
7634:22 August
7607:22 August
7524:1077-8012
7391:cite news
7381:25 August
7376:The Hindu
7355:25 August
7232:1101-2412
7138:CiteSeerX
7113:24 August
7075:24 August
7007:22 August
6977:12 August
6913:15 August
6699:USA Today
6675:2 January
6648:28 August
6622:28 August
6508:6 January
6448:14 August
6418:1 January
6339:23 August
6118:1735-4730
5990:22 August
5305:ghoonghat
5246:Stoneboro
5227:Stoneboro
5206:19 August
5155:22 August
5061:25 August
4949:2 January
4939:0190-8286
4752:0140-0460
4744:The Times
4664:23 August
4637:23 August
4607:26 August
4576:26 August
4546:25 August
4512:23 August
4279:19 August
4257:19 August
4101:9 January
3554:2 January
3279:2 January
2956:19 August
2721:19 August
2692:19 August
2666:19 August
2640:19 August
2515:“Hijab.”
2434:ghoonghat
2418:Ghoonghat
2260:Citations
2198:(Hindu),
2195:ghoonghat
2180:tagelmust
1902:Karnataka
1878:In 2019,
1768:Reza Shah
1600:Taekwondo
1427:ghoonghat
1294:explicit
1224:The Times
1106:(such as
1018:nakedness
897:concubine
829:الدِّرْعِ
815:In prayer
690:The word
684:Ibn Arabi
628:Ibn Abbas
449:Indonesia
424:Australia
391:Selendang
306:Battoulah
207:Etymology
201:belonging
135:seclusion
115:The term
45:romanized
10691:Islamism
10657:Category
10264:Politics
10205:Feathers
10159:Gamsbart
10134:Aigrette
10038:Khăn vấn
9968:Cornette
9963:Chaperon
9916:headwear
9905:Yanggwan
9885:Tyrolean
9840:Tanggeon
9773:Sombrero
9733:Rastacap
9713:Pashteen
9628:Keffiyeh
9518:Coonskin
9513:Coloured
9493:Blangkon
9473:Bell-boy
9351:Phrygian
9341:Fontange
9316:Cavalier
9311:Capotain
9306:Bycocket
9249:Swimming
9190:Baseball
9183:facekini
9145:Umbrella
9140:Tin foil
9123:Monmouth
8908:mantilla
8883:Capuchon
8873:Capirote
8815:Tricorne
8627:Doctoral
8592:Campaign
8557:Bearskin
8544:Uniforms
8524:Pork pie
8485:Chupalla
8472:Informal
8381:Mushroom
8341:Cocktail
8221:Archived
8191:(2003).
8162:(1999).
8105:(1992).
8014:Archived
7987:Archived
7954:(3), 831
7823:Archived
7727:Archived
7664:Archived
7628:Archived
7601:Archived
7574:Archived
7486:20 April
7480:Archived
7460:20 April
7454:Archived
7423:The Wire
7281:BBC News
7236:Archived
7175:Archived
7107:Archived
7069:Archived
7035:Archived
7001:Archived
6971:Archived
6945:Archived
6907:Archived
6876:Archived
6845:Archived
6815:Archived
6789:Archived
6759:Archived
6729:Archived
6703:Archived
6642:Archived
6616:Archived
6560:20 April
6528:Archived
6502:Archived
6442:Archived
6412:Archived
6388:29 March
6365:29 March
6333:Archived
6290:Archived
6248:Archived
6164:Archived
6100:Archived
5984:Archived
5850:11 April
5825:11 April
5799:11 April
5754:Archived
5724:cite web
5689:Archived
5663:Archived
5637:Archived
5435:Archived
5146:Archived
5055:Archived
5035:19 April
5030:CBC News
5003:Archived
4973:Archived
4969:NY Times
4908:4 August
4902:Archived
4871:Archived
4850:4 August
4844:Archived
4817:Archived
4813:BBC News
4786:Archived
4756:Archived
4658:Archived
4631:Archived
4601:Archived
4570:Archived
4540:Archived
4506:Archived
4230:Archived
4204:Archived
4200:Academia
4173:Archived
4147:Archived
4121:Archived
4095:Archived
4065:Archived
4030:Archived
4004:Archived
3887:Archived
3773:Archived
3747:Archived
3526:Springer
3507:ABC-CLIO
3370:Archived
3324:(4), 531
3269:NBC News
3189:Archived
3127:Archived
3117:Archived
3106:France:
3091:Algeria:
3086:, Egypt:
3080:Archived
3060:Archived
3050:Archived
3026:Archived
2996:Archived
2847:20 April
2606:Archived
2422:ghunghat
2096:See also
1984:Tashkent
1942:Srinagar
1915:Pakistan
1518:Pakistan
1510:Malaysia
1335:Mitpaḥat
1085:Kandahar
740:saying:
736:records
722:exegesis
656:Ibn Hazm
608:Al-Aḥzāb
490:Andaruni
482:Concepts
459:Pakistan
356:Kimeshek
351:Kerudung
301:Al-amira
266:a series
264:Part of
251:24:30-31
131:Muhammad
81:mantilla
71:worn by
10592:Related
10210:Hat box
10200:Cockade
10179:Sarpech
10113:Yashmak
10063:Paranja
10033:Jang-ot
9983:Dumalla
9943:Boshiya
9928:Bashlyk
9914:Wrapped
9895:Ushanka
9850:Taqiyah
9845:Tantour
9805:Songkok
9763:Šibenik
9748:Salakot
9738:Šajkača
9723:Qeleshe
9718:Pungcha
9708:Papakha
9698:Pahlavi
9688:Ochipok
9678:Nambawi
9658:Malahai
9648:Labbade
9623:Kashket
9613:Karakul
9453:Aso Oke
9406:Pudding
9391:Petasos
9371:Miner's
9296:Boudoir
9291:Bergère
9276:Attifet
9195:trucker
9166:Cricket
9150:Whoopee
9096:Chilote
9014:Kashket
8957:Eastern
8868:Camauro
8856:Biretta
8848:Western
8803:faluche
8798:Student
8771:titovka
8683:Chapeau
8674:Nurse's
8612:Caubeen
8567:Bicorne
8552:Aviator
8529:Smoking
8512:newsboy
8507:coppola
8440:Homburg
8405:Pillbox
8393:Picture
8356:Eugénie
8314:culture
8312:Western
8055:Sources
8042:6 March
8020:6 March
7913:2031979
7670:21 July
7203:3 April
6590:23 June
6534:21 July
6254:21 July
6246:. BBC.
5902:"Ḥijāb"
5492:"Hijab"
5177:8 April
4877:21 July
4823:24 June
4433:8 April
4399:8 April
4365:8 April
3951:13 July
3852:32:4090
3404:"ح ج ب"
3195:13 July
2430:dupatta
2306:4 April
2188:yashmak
2172:paranja
1911:Bahrain
1868:schools
1853:burqini
1837:Maaseik
1791:Tunisia
1743:Taliban
1692:chadors
1538:Atatürk
1486:harabah
1420:, some
1416:In the
1270:History
1089:Taliban
1011:mahrams
971:shaylah
934:Hanbali
926:Shafi'i
894:Ottoman
840:transl.
836:
790:32:4091
726:sahabah
718:Hadiths
672:Sahabah
500:Fahisha
429:Britain
406:Yashmak
386:Safseri
381:Paranja
366:Kurhars
346:Jilbaab
316:Burkini
311:Boshiya
274:Islamic
93:dupatta
47::
10536:(wife)
10526:Family
10215:Hatpin
10169:Lappet
10164:Hackle
10103:Turban
10098:Tudong
10093:Tichel
10043:Litham
10023:Hogeon
9988:Emamah
9978:Do-rag
9973:Dastar
9958:Chador
9938:Bonnet
9933:Birrus
9855:Tembel
9820:Šubara
9768:Sindhi
9758:Shyade
9743:Salako
9608:Kalpak
9603:Jobawi
9573:Gandhi
9563:Fulani
9508:Chullo
9503:Chapan
9396:Pileus
9386:Pamela
9381:Modius
9361:Kausia
9356:Hennin
9286:Beaver
9159:Sports
9135:Shower
9101:Cowboy
9091:Bucket
9086:Breton
9081:Bobble
9071:Beanie
9056:Animal
9048:Casual
9029:Spodik
9024:Kolpik
9019:Kippah
9009:Jewish
9001:Jewish
8987:Skufia
8965:Klobuk
8942:Shovel
8913:wimple
8893:Galero
8788:Slouch
8744:sailor
8734:Peaked
8729:Patrol
8712:maroon
8654:Hardee
8637:Forage
8622:Czapka
8577:Boonie
8519:Panama
8495:trilby
8490:Fedora
8462:Buntal
8457:Bowler
8452:Boater
8376:Juliet
8336:Cloche
8323:Formal
8205:
8170:
8148:
8115:
8091:
8072:
7911:
7903:
7782:
7697:
7547:
7522:
7242:31 May
7230:
7181:18 May
7140:
6225:
6198:
6142:
6116:
6070:
6043:
5596:
5558:
5510:
5473:
5413:
5295:
5267:
4937:
4750:
4424:
4390:
4356:
4329:
3804:
3725:
3689:
3584:1 June
3243:
2838:
2781:
2539:
2499:
2420:(also
2409:
2358:
2331:
2208:tichel
2184:tudong
2176:purdah
2142:Purdah
2056:. The
1816:Europe
1783:Turkey
1729:Sharia
1698:, Iran
1696:Shiraz
1585:wimple
1581:Sahwah
1522:hippie
1482:muslin
1329:tzniut
1256:chador
1237:türban
1232:türban
1196:türban
1192:Iriana
1180:chador
1081:Afghan
1046:khimar
1042:khimar
967:khimār
963:jilbāb
930:Maliki
922:Hanafi
901:sharia
888:cariye
712:Hadith
668:jilbab
636:jilbab
626:cites
624:Tabari
612:Medina
556:Wimple
520:Zenana
515:Purdah
474:Turkey
444:France
434:Canada
401:Tudong
396:Shayla
376:Niqaab
371:Mukena
361:Khimar
331:Chador
326:Çarşaf
277:female
236:jilbāb
231:khimār
221:Qur'an
165:Arabic
160:khimār
155:khimār
151:jilbab
127:Qur'an
89:wimple
65:tichel
36:Arabic
18:Khimar
10701:Islam
10676:Hijab
10560:(son)
10542:(son)
10472:Books
10443:hijab
10184:Visor
10174:Plume
10088:Sudra
10083:Snood
10078:Roach
10068:Pheta
10058:Pagri
10053:Niqāb
10018:Hijab
10008:Gulle
10003:Gugel
9948:Burqa
9900:Welsh
9880:Tuque
9865:Topor
9860:Tokin
9815:Straw
9703:Pakol
9633:Kofia
9593:Jaapi
9568:Futou
9558:Fujin
9538:Dutch
9533:Doppa
9416:Witch
9411:Toque
9336:Dunce
9301:Boyar
9227:Rally
9130:Party
9113:Fruit
9076:Beret
9061:Ascot
8920:Mitre
8761:Shako
8707:green
8697:black
8587:Busby
8572:Black
8420:opera
8398:peach
7901:S2CID
7780:S2CID
6384:. CNN
5149:(PDF)
5142:(PDF)
4898:Salon
4792:1 May
4762:1 May
4463:[
3373:(PDF)
3346:(PDF)
2767:Hijab
2634:(PDF)
2459:5 May
2426:jhund
2386:5 May
2279:Jstor
2214:Notes
1956:Some
1950:burqa
1898:burqa
1886:India
1833:a law
1808:told
1776:Shi'a
1662:Hamas
1534:abaya
1490:niqab
1478:burqa
1449:hijab
1422:Hindu
1362:Bible
1305:Vesta
1260:niqab
1175:niqab
1170:niqab
1108:Aisha
1091:rule)
1067:Aslan
912:Sunni
875:fitna
870:niqab
863:Awrah
850:Salat
774:Ansar
766:24:31
758:Allah
754:Sauda
738:Aisha
701:ḥijāb
692:ḥijāb
680:niqab
541:Hujum
528:Other
495:Awrah
439:Egypt
341:Hijab
321:Burqa
296:Abaya
287:Types
280:dress
241:ḥijāb
181:ayahs
169:خِمار
147:hijab
118:ḥijāb
97:Hindu
69:snood
51:ḥijāb
32:hijab
10139:Brim
10129:Agal
10108:Veil
10028:Hood
9998:Gook
9953:Caul
9835:Tang
9800:Song
9728:Qing
9693:Paag
9653:Lika
9643:Kuma
9638:Kufi
9618:Kasa
9523:Cork
9463:Ayam
9435:Folk
9326:Coif
9281:Apex
9118:Knit
8766:Side
8702:blue
8664:Kepi
8659:Jeep
8502:Flat
8371:Halo
8366:Half
8346:Doll
8295:caps
8293:and
8291:Hats
8203:ISBN
8168:ISBN
8146:ISBN
8113:ISBN
8089:ISBN
8070:ISBN
8044:2013
8022:2016
7995:2016
7934:help
7909:SSRN
7874:2023
7672:2018
7636:2016
7609:2016
7582:2017
7545:ISBN
7520:ISSN
7488:2013
7462:2013
7431:2022
7403:help
7383:2022
7357:2022
7244:2019
7228:ISSN
7205:2022
7183:2019
7115:2016
7077:2016
7043:2017
7009:2016
6979:2016
6953:2017
6915:2018
6884:2018
6853:2018
6823:2018
6797:2018
6767:2018
6737:2018
6711:2017
6677:2023
6650:2018
6624:2018
6592:2024
6580:Mint
6562:2013
6536:2018
6510:2015
6450:2016
6425:law.
6420:2019
6390:2021
6367:2021
6341:2016
6256:2018
6223:ISBN
6196:ISBN
6172:2016
6140:ISBN
6114:ISSN
6068:ISBN
6041:ISBN
5992:2016
5961:"Dr"
5914:2012
5878:2023
5852:2020
5827:2020
5801:2020
5762:2016
5730:link
5697:2016
5671:2016
5645:2016
5594:ISBN
5556:ISBN
5508:ISBN
5471:ISBN
5443:2012
5411:ISBN
5293:ISBN
5265:ISBN
5208:2021
5179:2022
5157:2016
5063:2016
5037:2017
5011:2014
4981:2014
4951:2023
4935:ISSN
4910:2008
4879:2018
4852:2008
4825:2010
4794:2019
4764:2019
4748:ISSN
4722:2022
4694:2022
4666:2016
4639:2016
4609:2016
4578:2016
4548:2016
4514:2016
4435:2011
4422:ISBN
4401:2011
4388:ISBN
4367:2011
4354:ISBN
4327:ISBN
4281:2024
4259:2024
4238:2019
4212:2019
4181:2019
4155:2019
4129:2019
4103:2016
4073:2019
4038:2019
4012:2019
3953:2024
3931:377.
3895:2018
3815:2018
3802:ISBN
3781:2018
3755:2018
3723:ISBN
3687:ISBN
3586:2023
3556:2023
3442:2022
3381:2018
3281:2023
3241:ISBN
3197:2017
3034:2015
3004:2015
2958:2024
2849:2013
2836:ISBN
2779:ISBN
2723:2024
2694:2024
2668:2024
2642:2024
2614:2022
2537:ISBN
2497:ISBN
2461:2023
2407:ISBN
2388:2023
2356:ISBN
2329:ISBN
2308:2023
2286:2024
2245:sect
2168:cowl
2081:and
1913:and
1800:and
1721:Aceh
1680:Iran
1658:Gaza
1409:and
1388:and
1281:Veil
1138:and
1116:ijma
1110:and
1071:C.E.
977:Shia
932:and
834:lit.
716:The
676:rida
658:and
648:Umar
510:Haya
454:Iran
336:Haik
177:fiqh
153:and
101:Sikh
99:and
87:and
40:حجاب
9890:Upe
9825:Sun
9578:Gat
9548:Fez
9376:Mob
8783:Ski
8722:tan
8717:red
8415:Top
8410:Tam
8245:BBC
8243:."
7893:doi
7772:doi
7705:doi
7512:doi
7148:doi
6465:at
5942:doi
5500:doi
3362:hdl
3354:doi
3322:135
2771:doi
2716:NPR
2661:CNN
2489:doi
2424:or
2001:In
1940:In
1789:In
1694:in
1656:In
1311:).
969:or
892:or
796:in
606:In
599:In
243:.
171:).
67:or
10672::
8201:.
8197:.
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7985:.
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7952:17
7950:,
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7833:^
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