Hebrew calendar - Knowledge

6427:(12th century) stated that the Mishnaic calendar was used "until the days of Abaye and Rava" (c. 320–350 CE), and that the change came when "the land of Israel was destroyed, and no permanent court was left." Taken together, these two traditions suggest that Hillel II (whom they identify with the mid-4th-century Jewish patriarch Ioulos, attested in a letter of the Emperor Julian, and the Jewish patriarch Ellel, mentioned by Epiphanius) instituted the computed Hebrew calendar because of persecution. H. Graetz linked the introduction of the computed calendar to a sharp repression following a failed Jewish insurrection that occurred during the rule of the Christian emperor 31: 6355:

pre-exilic Lachish ostraca. Furthermore, the Mishnah contains laws that reflect the uncertainties of an empirical calendar. Mishnah Sanhedrin, for example, holds that when one witness holds that an event took place on a certain day of the month, and another that the same event took place on the following day, their testimony can be held to agree, since the length of the preceding month was uncertain. Another Mishnah takes it for granted that it cannot be known in advance whether a year's lease is for twelve or thirteen months. Hence it is a reasonable conclusion that the Mishnaic calendar was actually used in the Mishnaic period.

4668:, Jews made every effort to observe Jewish tradition in the camps, despite the monumental dangers in doing so. The Hebrew calendar, which is a tradition with great importance to Jewish practice and rituals was particularly dangerous since no tools of telling of time, such as watches and calendars, were permitted in the camps. The keeping of a Hebrew calendar was a rarity amongst prisoners and there are only two known surviving calendars that were made in Auschwitz, both of which were made by women. Before this, the tradition of making a Hebrew calendar was greatly assumed to be the job of a man in Jewish society. 6615:. The month of Passover is the first month in the Samaritan calendar, but the year number increments in the sixth month. Like in the Rabbinic calendar, there are seven leap years within each 19-year cycle. However, the Rabbinic and Samaritan calendars' cycles are not synchronized, so Samaritan festivals—notionally the same as the Rabbinic festivals of Torah origin—are frequently one month off from the date according to the Rabbinic calendar. Additionally, as in the Karaite calendar, the Samaritan calendar does not apply the four rules of postponement, since they are not mentioned in the 6447:(7th to 8th centuries). Most likely, the procedure established in 359 involved a fixed molad interval slightly different from the current one, Rosh Hashana postponement rules similar but not identical to current rules, and leap months were added based on when Passover preceded a fixed cutoff date rather than through a repeated 19-year cycle. The Rosh Hashana rules apparently reached their modern form between 629 and 648, the modern molad interval was likely fixed in 776, while the fixed 19-year cycle also likely dates to the late 8th century. 2912: 5425: 3049: 4702: 6276: 12730: 11066: 114: 5296: 11056: 12744: 6725: 6694:, used a calendrical scheme that kept Nisan 14 within the limits of the Julian month of March. Some of the dates in the document are clearly corrupt, but they can be emended to make the sixteen years in the table consistent with a regular intercalation scheme. Peter, the bishop of Alexandria (early 4th century CE), mentions that the Jews of his city "hold their Passover according to the course of the moon in the month of 4558:(2nd century CE). Its remarkable accuracy (less than one second from the current true value) is thought to have been achieved using records of lunar eclipses from the 8th to 5th centuries BCE. In the Talmudic era, when the mean synodic month was slightly shorter than at present, the molad interval was even more accurate, being "essentially a perfect fit" for the mean synodic month at the time. 8909:

cent, and was employed even in the 19th cent, among the Jews of Yemen, in South Arabia... (b) THE ERA OF THE DESTRUCTION (of the Second Temple) the year 1 of which corresponds to 381 of the Seleucid Era, and 69–70 of the Christian Era. This Era was mainly employed by the Rabbis and was in use in Palestine for several centuries, and even in the later Middle Ages documents were dated by it."

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since the 4th century, and the 15th of Nisan now falls only on or after 26 March (the date in 2013), five days after the actual equinox on 21 March. In the distant future, this drift is projected to move Passover much further in the year. If the calendar is not amended, then Passover will start to land on or after the summer solstice around approximately AM 16652 (12892 CE).

4604:. This is still the case in about 80% of years; but, in about 20% of years, Passover is a month late by this criterion. Presently, this occurs after the "premature" insertion of a leap month in years 8, 11, and 19 of each 19-year cycle, which causes Passover to fall especially far after the March equinox in such years. Calendar drift also impacts the observance of 3438:, literally, "old birth", i.e., late new moon). This rule is mentioned in the Talmud, and is used nowadays to prevent the molad falling on the second day of the month. This ensures that the long-term average month length is 29.530594 days (equal to the molad interval), rather than the 29.5 days implied by the standard alternation between 29- and 30-day months. 3370:) of Tishrei in that year is calculated. The molad is calculated by multiplying the number of months that will have elapsed since some (preceding) molad (whose weekday is known) by the mean length of a (synodic) lunar month, which is 29 days, 12 hours, and 793 parts (there are 1080 "parts" in an hour, so that one part is equal to 6713:), dated from the 3rd to the 5th century, indicate that when years were intercalated, the intercalary month was at least sometimes a repeated month of Adar. The inscriptions, however, reveal no clear pattern of regular intercalations, nor do they indicate any consistent rule for determining the start of the lunar month. 6170:. During the period of the monarchy, it was the widespread practice in western Asia to use era year numbers according to the accession year of the monarch of the country involved. This practice was followed by the united kingdom of Israel, kingdom of Judah, kingdom of Israel, Persia, and others. Besides, the author of 2309:. The calendar year features twelve lunar months of 29 or 30 days, with an additional lunar month ("leap month") added periodically to synchronize the twelve lunar cycles with the longer solar year. These extra months are added in seven years (3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19) out of a 19-year cycle, known as the 7830:

Rosh Hashanah 20b: "This is what Abba the father of R. Simlai meant: 'We calculate the new moon's birth. If it is born before midday, then certainly it will have been seen shortly before sunset. If it was not born before midday, certainly it will not have been seen shortly before sunset.' What is the

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Both the tradition that Hillel II instituted the complete computed calendar, and the theory that the computed calendar was introduced due to repression or persecution, have been questioned. Furthermore, two Jewish dates during post-Talmudic times (specifically in 506 and 776) are impossible under the

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Modern scholars have debated at which point the drift could become ritually problematic, and proposed adjustments to the fixed calendar to keep Passover in its proper season. The seriousness of the calendar drift is discounted by many, on the grounds that Passover will remain in the spring season for

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In calculating the number of months that will have passed since the known molad that one uses as the starting point, one must remember to include any leap months that falls within the elapsed interval, according to the cycle of leap years. A 19-year cycle of 235 synodic months has 991 weeks 2 days 16

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Soncino edition, footnote 4: "The Eras in use among Jews in Talmudic Times are: (a) ERA OF CONTRACTS dating from the year 380 before the Destruction of the Second Temple (312–1 BCE)... It is also termed Seleucid or Greek Era .... This Era... was generally in vogue in eastern countries till the 16th

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Schram gives the type of Hebrew year for all years 1–6149 AM (−3760 to 2388 Julian/Gregorian) in a main table (3946+) and its adjunct (1+, 1742+) on pages 191–234 in the form 2d, 2a, 3r, 5r, 5a, 7d, 7a for common years and 2D, 2A, 3R, 5D, 5A, 7D, 7A for leap years. The type of year 1 AM, 2a, is

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Currently, the accumulated drift in the moladot since the Talmudic era has reached a total of approximately 97 minutes. This means that the molad of Tishrei lands one day later than it ought to in (97 minutes) ÷ (1440 minutes per day) = nearly 7% of years. Therefore, the seemingly small drift of the

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On the other hand, if year 2 is already a short year of 383 days, there will be a problem if TM2 is on a Wednesday. because Rosh Hashanah in year 2 will have to be postponed from Wednesday to Thursday and this will cause year 2 to be only 382 days long. In this case, year 2 is extended by one day by

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of this and a week is 5 parts, so the Jewish calendar repeats exactly following a number of Metonic cycles equal to the number of parts in a week divided by 5, namely 7×24×216 = 36,288 Metonic cycles, or 689,472 Jewish years. There is a near-repetition every 247 years, except for an excess

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A Metonic cycle equates to 235 lunar months in each 19-year cycle. This gives an average of 6,939 days, 16 hours, and 595 parts for each cycle. But due to the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules (preceding section) a cycle of 19 Jewish years can be either 6,939, 6,940, 6,941, or 6,942 days in duration.

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of the calendar is a leap year, find the remainder on dividing by 19. If the remainder is 6 or less it is a leap year; if it is 7 or more it is not. For example, the remainder on dividing by 19 is 0, so the year 5784 is a leap year. The remainder on dividing by 19 is 7, so the year 5785 is not a

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With only 364 days, the calendar would be very noticeably different from the actual seasons after a few years, but there is nothing to indicate what was done about this problem. Various scholars have suggested that nothing was done and the calendar was allowed to change with respect to the seasons,

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coordinated dates in the two kingdoms by giving the accession year of a monarch in terms of the year of the monarch of the other kingdom, though some commentators note that these dates do not always synchronise. Other era dating systems have been used at other times. For example, Jewish communities

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s long (MonLen). Therefore, in an ordinary year TM2 occurs 12 × MonLen days after TM1. This is usually 354 calendar days after TM1, but if TM1 is on or after 3:11:20 a.m. and before noon, it will be 355 days. Similarly, in a leap year, TM2 occurs 13 × MonLen days after TM1. This is usually 384

2738:). (Since 12 lunar months make up less than a solar year, the date of Passover would gradually move throughout the solar year if leap months were not occasionally added.) According to the rabbinic calculation, this requirement means that Passover (or at least most of Passover) should fall after the 6260:

requires that the months be determined by a proper court with the necessary authority to sanctify the months. Hence the court, not the astronomy, has the final decision. When the observational form of the calendar was in use, whether or not a leap month was added depended on three factors: 'aviv ,

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month to synchronize with the solar/agricultural cycle, were used in all ancient Middle Eastern civilizations except Egypt, and likely date to the 3rd millennium BCE. While there is no mention of this 13th month anywhere in the Hebrew Bible, still most Biblical scholars hold that the intercalation

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s, compared to the 6939d 14h 26m 15s of nineteen mean solar years. Thus, the Hebrew calendar drifts by just over 2 hours every 19 years, or approximately one day every 216 years. Due to accumulation of this discrepancy, the earliest date on which Passover can fall has drifted by roughly eight days

4524:. The actual length of a synodic month varies from about 29 days 6 hours and 30 minutes (29.27 days) to about 29 days and 20 hours (29.83 days), a variation range of about 13 hours and 30 minutes. Accordingly, for convenience, the Hebrew calendar uses a long-term average month length, known as the 9066:

5:3: "If one testifies, 'on the second of the month, and the other, 'on the third of the month:' their evidence is valid, for one may have been aware of the intercalation of the month and the other may not have been aware of it. But if one says, 'on the third', and the other 'on the fifth', their

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period is less certain. One scholar has noted that there are no laws from Second Temple period sources that indicate any doubts about the length of a month or of a year. This led him to propose that the priests must have had some form of computed calendar or calendrical rules that allowed them to

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is not postponed beyond the day of the week of its molad Tishrei, 47% are postponed one day, and 14% are postponed two days. This table also identifies the seven types of common years and seven types of leap years. Most are represented in any 19-year cycle, except one or two may be in neighboring

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interval (the average length of a Hebrew month) is 29.530594 days, which over 247 years results in a total of 90215.965 days. This is almost exactly 90216 days - a whole number and multiple of 7 (equalling the days of the week). So over 247 years, not only does the 19-year leap year cycle repeat

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By how much does the solar year exceed the lunar year? By approximately 11 days. Therefore, whenever this excess accumulates to about 30 days, or a little more or less, one month is added and the particular year is made to consist of 13 months, and this is the so-called embolismic (intercalated)

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use the lunar month and the solar year, but the Karaite calendar differs from the current Rabbinic calendar in a number of ways. The Karaite calendar is identical to the Rabbinic calendar used before the Sanhedrin changed the Rabbinic calendar from the lunar, observation based, calendar to the

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because of uncertainty of whether the previous month ended after 29 or 30 days. It has been noted that the procedures described in the Mishnah and Tosefta are all plausible procedures for regulating an empirical lunar calendar. Fire-signals, for example, or smoke-signals, are known from the

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cited here are in Hebrew in sources except al-Biruni): al-Biruni specified 5R (5 Intermediate) instead of 5D in leap years. Bushwick forgot to include 5D for leap years. Poznanski forgot to include 5D for a limit in his table although he did include it in his text as 5D1; for leap years he

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many millennia, and the Torah is generally not interpreted as having specified tight calendrical limits. However, some writers and researchers have proposed "corrected" calendars (with modifications to the leap year cycle, molad interval, or both) which would compensate for these issues:

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Contrary to popular impression, one's Hebrew birthday does not necessarily fall on the same Gregorian date every 19 years, since the length of the Metonic cycle varies by several days (as does the length of a 19-year Gregorian period, depending whether it contains 4 or 5 leap years).

5491:) names indicates that "the author is consciously utilizing an archaizing terminology, thus giving the impression of an ancient story...". Alternatively, these names may be attributed to the presence of Phoenician scribes in Solomon's court at the time of the building of the Temple. 6992:

This will happen if TM1 is on or after 3:11:20 a.m. and before noon on a Tuesday. If TM1 is Monday, Thursday or Saturday, Rosh Hashanah in year 2 does not need to be postponed. If TM1 is Sunday, Wednesday or Friday, Rosh Hashanah in year 1 is postponed, so year 1 is not the maximum

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There are three qualities that distinguish one year from another: whether it is a leap year or a common year; on which of four permissible days of the week the year begins; and whether it is a deficient, regular, or complete year. Mathematically, there are 24 (2×4×3) possible

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leap year. This works because as there are seven leap years in nineteen years the difference between the solar and lunar years increases by 7/19-month per year. When the difference goes above 18/19-month this signifies a leap year, and the difference is reduced by one month.

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then put this question: How do we know that our Era is connected with the Kingdom of Greece at all? Why not say that it is reckoned from the Exodus from Egypt, omitting the first thousand years and giving the years of the next thousand? In that case, the document is really

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If year 1 is already a long ordinary year of 355 days, there will be a problem if TM1 is on a Tuesday, as that means TM2 falls on a Sunday and will have to be postponed, creating a 356-day year. In this case, Rosh Hashanah in year 1 is postponed from Tuesday (the third

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Except for the epoch year number (the fixed reference point at the beginning of year 1, which at that time was one year later than the epoch of the modern calendar), the calendar rules reached their current form by the beginning of the 9th century, as described by the

6335:(c. 100 CE) was for witnesses to select the appearance of the moon from a collection of drawings that depicted the crescent in a variety of orientations, only a few of which could be valid in any given month. These observations were compared against calculations. 6845:

The significance of 25 Elul derives from Adam and Eve being created on the sixth day of creation, 1 Tishrei AM 2. In this view, AM 2 is the actual first year of the world, while AM 1 is a "placeholder" year, so that calendar dates can be assigned to the days of

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community's calendar also relies on lunar months and solar years. Calculation of the Samaritan calendar has historically been a secret reserved to the priestly family alone, and was based on observations of the new crescent moon. More recently, a 20th-century

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Given the length of the year, the length of each month is fixed as described above, so the real problem in determining the calendar for a year is determining the number of days in the year. In the modern calendar, this is determined in the following manner.

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moladot is already significant enough to affect the date of Rosh Hashanah, which then cascades to many other dates in the calendar year, and sometimes (due to the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules) also interacts with the dates of the prior or next year.

3279:. (Since there is no year 0, a remainder of 0 indicates that the year is year 19 of the cycle.) For example, the Jewish year 5784 divided by 19 results in a remainder of 8, indicating that it is year 8 of the Metonic cycle. The Jewish year used is the 6507:

from which calculations of all dates should be as "the third day of Nisan in this present year ... which is the year 4938 of the creation of the world" (22 March 1178). Today, these rules are generally used by Jewish communities throughout the world.

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interval, which would keep an amended fixed arithmetic Hebrew calendar from drifting for more than seven millennia. The 353 years would consist of 18 Metonic cycles, as well as an 11-year period in which the last 8 years of the Metonic cycle are

2285:). The lengths of months in this period are fixed, meaning that the day of week of Passover dictates the day of week of the other Biblical holidays. However, the lengths of the months of Marcheshvan and Kislev can each vary by a day (due to the 6555:. Occasionally this results in Karaites being one month ahead of other Jews using the calculated rabbinic calendar. The "lost" month would be "picked up" in the next cycle when Karaites would observe a leap month while other Jews would not. 6982:

So for example if the Tishrei molad is calculated as occurring from noon on Wednesday (the 18th hour of the fourth day) up until noon on Thursday, Rosh Hashanah falls on a Thursday, which starts Wednesday at sunset wherever one happens to

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The following description is based on the article "Calendar" in Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Ketter, 1972). It is an explanatory description, not a procedural one, in particular explaining what is going on with the third and fourth

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Wall calendars commonly used in Israel are hybrids. Most are organised according to Gregorian rather than Jewish months, but begin in September, when the Jewish New Year usually falls, and provide the Jewish date in small characters.

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pioneers were impressed by the fact that the calendar preserved by Jews over many centuries in far-flung diasporas, as a matter of religious ritual, was geared to the climate of their original country: major Jewish holidays such as

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If the molad following a leap year falls on a Monday, on or after 15 hours and 589 parts after the Hebrew day began (for calculation purposes, this is taken to be 6 pm Sunday), Rosh Hashanah is postponed to Tuesday. This is

7474:. Translated from the Hebrew by Solomon Gandz; supplemented, introduced, and edited by Julian Obermann; with an astronomical commentary by Otto Neugebauer. Yale Judaica Series, Volume 11, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1956. 2937:. However, the Jewish calendar also defines several additional new years, used for different purposes. The use of multiple starting dates for a year is comparable to different starting dates for civil "calendar years", "tax or 6568:

In the Middle Ages many Karaite Jews outside Israel followed the calculated rabbinic calendar, because it was not possible to retrieve accurate aviv barley data from the land of Israel. However, since the establishment of the

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where N is the number of lunar months since the beginning. (N equals 71440 for the beginning of the 305th Machzor Katan on 1 October 2016.) Adding 0.25 to this converts it to the Jewish system in which the day begins at 6 PM.

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Whether a year is a leap year can also be determined by a simple calculation (which also gives the fraction of a month by which the calendar is behind the seasons, useful for agricultural purposes). To determine whether year

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related to the keeping of the calendar and the lunar cycle, and records changes that have taken place to the Hebrew calendar. Numbers 10:10 stresses the importance in Israelite religious observance of the new month (Hebrew:

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The reference junction of the Sun and the Moon (Molad 1) is considered to be at 5 hours and 204 halakim, or 11:11:20 p.m., on the evening of Sunday, 6 October 3761 BCE. According to rabbinic reckoning, this moment was

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Moses...appointed Nisan...as the first month for the festivals...the commencement of the year for everything relating to divine worship, but for selling and buying and other ordinary affairs he preserved the ancient order

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correspond to major points of the country's agricultural year such as planting and harvest. Accordingly, in the early 20th century the Hebrew calendar was re-interpreted as an agricultural rather than religious calendar.

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of the time from sunrise to sunset, or dawn to dusk, as per the two opinions in this regard. Therefore, an hour can be less than 60 minutes in winter, and more than 60 minutes in summer; similarly, the 6th hour ends at

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sources, the tradition in ancient Israel was that 1 Nisan would not start until the barley is ripe, being the test for the onset of spring. If the barley was not ripe, an intercalary month would be added before Nisan.

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Originally, the beginning of each month was determined based on physical observation of a new moon, while the decision of whether to add the leap month was based on observation of natural agriculture-related events in

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proposed changes to the calendar. Though the proposals were rejected, they indicate that all of the rules of the modern calendar (except for the epoch) were in place before that date. In 1000, the Muslim chronologist

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Valid at least for 1999-2050. In other years, the ranges for Kislev through Adar I may be a bit wider. After 2089 the earliest date for most months will be one day later, and from 2214 the last date will be one day

4457:). To compensate, one day is subtracted from year 2. It is to allow for these adjustments that the system allows 385-day years (long leap) and 353-day years (short ordinary) besides the four natural year lengths. 13123: 6543:

of the first sightings of the new moon. This may result in an occasional variation of a maximum of one day, depending on the inability to observe the new moon. The day is usually "picked up" in the next month.

3233:) cycle. Because every seven years is a sabbatical year, there is a seven-year release cycle. The placement of these cycles is debated. Historically, there is enough evidence to fix the sabbatical years in the 4452:

However, because of the holiday rules, Rosh Hashanah cannot fall on a Sunday, Wednesday, or Friday, so if TM2 is one of those days, Rosh Hashanah in year 2 is postponed by adding one day to year 1 (the second

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The rules of postponement of Rosh HaShanah make it that a Jewish common year will have 353, 354, or 355 days while a leap year (with the addition of Adar I which always has 30 days) has 383, 384, or 385 days.

3237:. But it may not match with the sabbatical cycle derived from the biblical period; and there is no consensus on whether or not the Jubilee year is the fiftieth year or the latter half of the forty ninth year. 1772:). (More precisely, since days begin in the evening, weeks begin and end on Saturday evening. Day 1 lasts from Saturday evening to Sunday evening, while Shabbat lasts from Friday evening to Saturday evening.) 7579:

When the center of Jewish life moved from Babylonia to Europe during the 8th and 9th centuries CE, calculations from the Seleucid era became meaningless. Over those centuries, it was replaced by that of the

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year, in which the year of creation according to the Rabbinical Chronology (3761 BCE) is taken as year 1. Years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 of the Metonic cycle are leap years. The Hebrew mnemonic GUCHADZaT

2332:), nowadays Jewish months have generally fixed lengths which approximate the period between new moons. For these reasons, a given month does not always begin on the same day as its astronomical conjunction. 2765:

year. For the year could not consist of twelve months plus so-and-so many days, since it is said: "throughout the months of the year", which implies that we should count the year by months and not by days.

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Besides the adding of leap months, the year length is sometimes adjusted by adding one day to the month of Marcheshvan, or removing one day from the month of Kislev. Because each calendar year begins with

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described all of the modern rules of the Hebrew calendar, except that he specified three different epochs used by various Jewish communities being one, two, or three years later than the modern epoch.

3400:, or in Jewish terms Day 2, 5 hours, and 204 parts. The exact time of a molad in terms of days after midnight between 29 and 30 December 1899 (the form used by many spreadsheets for date and time) is 6310:, "beginning of the month"): "... in your new moons, ye shall blow with the trumpets over your burnt-offerings..." Similarly in Numbers 28:11. "The beginning of the month" meant the appearance of a 7031:

The exact year when this will begin to occur depends on uncertainties in the future tidal slowing of the Earth rotation rate, and on the accuracy of predictions of precession and Earth axial tilt.

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The Talmud (Rosh Hashanah 20b) puts it differently: over two consecutive days of full Shabbat restrictions, vegetables would wilt (since they can't be cooked), and unburied corpses would putrefy.

4573:) the mean synodic month is becoming gradually longer, but since the tides slow Earth's rotation rate even more, the mean synodic month is becoming gradually shorter in terms of mean solar time. 5384:

The Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashanah) is a two-day public holiday in Israel. However, since the 1980s an increasing number of secular Israelis celebrate the Gregorian New Year (usually known as "

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To determine whether a Jewish year is a leap year, one must find its position in the 19-year Metonic cycle. This position is calculated by dividing the Jewish year number by 19 and finding the

1471:. Between the years 70 and 1178, these empirical criteria were gradually replaced with a set of mathematical rules. Month length now follows a fixed schedule which is adjusted based on the 3476:. Since Shabbat restrictions also apply to Yom Kippur, if either day feel immediately before the other, it would not be possible to make necessary preparations for the second day (such as 7483: 5381:

The Hebrew calendar is still widely acknowledged, appearing in public venues such as banks (where it is legal for use on cheques and other documents), and on the mastheads of newspapers.

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Neither system is commonly used in ordinary life; rather, the local civil clock is used. This is even the case for ritual times (e.g. "The latest time to recite Shema today is 9:38 AM").

6931:, Kiddush Hachodesh 7:7), however, writes that the arrangement was made (possible days alternating with impossible ones) in order to average out the difference between the mean and true 5394:) on the night between 31 December and 1 January. Prominent rabbis have on several occasions sharply denounced this practice, but with no noticeable effect on the secularist celebrants. 6439:

argued instead that the introduction of the fixed calendar was due to measures taken by Christian Roman authorities to prevent the Jewish patriarch from sending calendrical messengers.

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Thus, the year normally contains twelve months with a total of 354 days. In such a year, the month of Marcheshvan has 29 days and Kislev has 30 days. However, due to the

9311:"While it is not unreasonable to attribute to Hillel II the fixing of the regular order of intercalations, his full share in the present fixed calendar is doubtful." Entry "Calendar", 6229:

He thought that Rav Nahman wanted to dispose of him anyhow, but when he went and studied it thoroughly he found that it is indeed taught : In the Diaspora the Greek Era alone is used.

6396:(c. 400 CE), there were a fixed number of days in all months from Adar to Elul, also implying that the extra month was already a second Adar added before the regular Adar. Elsewhere, 7408: 7396: 6897:: counting the tonic as 0, the notes of the major scale in 19 equal temperament are numbers 0 (or 19), 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, the same numbers as the leap years in the Hebrew calendar. 5366:. Holidays and commemorations not derived from previous Jewish tradition were to be fixed according to the Hebrew calendar date. For example, the Israeli Independence Day falls on 5 3877:, and thus the annual calendar, of a numbered Hebrew year can be determined by consulting the table of Four Gates, whose inputs are the year's position in the 19-year cycle and its 4460:

But how can year 1 be lengthened if it is already a long ordinary year of 355 days or year 2 be shortened if it is a short leap year of 383 days? That is why the third and fourth

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fruits of trees, and the equinox. On two of these grounds it should be intercalated, but not on one of them alone. It may be noted that in the Bible the name of the first month,

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Another two rules are applied much less frequently and serve to prevent impermissible year lengths. Their names are Hebrew acronyms that refer to the ways they are calculated:

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which are used to adjust the year length). As a result, the holidays falling after Marcheshvan (starting with Chanukah) can fall on multiple days for a given row of the table.

6384:(c. 165–254) stated that he could determine the dates of the holidays by calculation rather than observation. According to a statement attributed to Yose (late 3rd century), 6233:

In the 8th and 9th centuries, as the center of Jewish life moved from Babylonia to Europe, counting using the Seleucid era "became meaningless", and thus was replaced by the

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hours 595 parts, a common year of 12 synodic months has 50 weeks 4 days 8 hours 876 parts, while a leap year of 13 synodic months has 54 weeks 5 days 21 hours 589 parts.

6702:", suggesting a fairly consistent intercalation scheme that kept Nisan 14 approximately between Phamenoth 10 (6 March in the 4th century CE) and Pharmuthi 10 (5 April). 1533:("There was evening and there was morning, one day"), a day in the rabbinic Hebrew calendar runs from sunset (the start of "the evening") to the next sunset. Similarly, 4409:

First, one must determine whether each year is an ordinary or leap year by its position in the 19-year Metonic cycle. Years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 are leap years.

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Furthermore, the seasonal drift of the rabbinic calendar is avoided, resulting in the years affected by the drift starting one month earlier in the Karaite calendar.

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Mishna Berachot 1:2. Note that the mishna specifies that the Shema may be recited "until three hours"; this is understood to mean "until the end of the third hour".

13242: 6327:, in the Maccabean, Herodian, and Mishnaic periods, new months were determined by the sighting of a new crescent, with two eyewitnesses required to testify to the 6244:

Occasionally in Talmudic writings, reference was made to other starting points for eras, such as destruction era dating, being the number of years since the 70 CE

6419:

was responsible for the new calculated calendar with a fixed intercalation cycle "in the year 670 of the Seleucid era" (i.e., 358–359 CE). Later writers, such as

3491:

uses the letters ה ,ג ,ב and ז (representing 2, 3, 5, and 7, for Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday) to denote the starting day of Rosh Hashana and the year.

6600:

transferred the calculation to a computer algorithm. The current High Priest confirms the results twice a year, and then distributes calendars to the community.

5498:

descended directly from the Sumerian calendar. These Babylonian month-names (such as Nisan, Iyyar, Tammuz, Ab, Elul, Tishri and Adar) are shared with the modern

1567:

begins before sundown on Friday and ends after nightfall on Saturday, to be sure that Shabbat is not violated no matter when the transition between days occurs.

6547:

The addition of the leap month (Adar II) is determined by observing in Israel the ripening of barley at a specific stage (defined by Karaite tradition) (called

6408:

on Shabbat. This indicates that there was a group who "made computations" and controlled, to some extent, the day of the week on which Rosh Hashana would fall.

12782: 5224: 4449:

p.m., TM2 will be only 383 days after TM1. In the same way, from TM2 one calculates TM3. Thus the four natural year lengths are 354, 355, 383, and 384 days.

7192: 3900:

This table numbers the days of the week and hours for the limits of molad Tishrei in the Hebrew manner for calendrical calculations, that is, both begin at

1506:, "from the creation of the world", abbreviated AM). This system attempts to calculate the number of years since the creation of the world according to the 3416:

Four conditions are considered to determine whether the date of Rosh Hashanah must be postponed. These are called the Rosh Hashanah postponement rules, or

1451:

Like other lunisolar calendars, the Hebrew calendar consists of months of 29 or 30 days which begin and end at approximately the time of the new moon. As

6342:

began to light false fires, messengers were sent. The inability of the messengers to reach communities outside Israel before mid-month High Holy Days (

4651:

Religious questions abound about how such a system might be implemented and administered throughout the diverse aspects of the world Jewish community.

3881:. In this table, the years of a 19-year cycle are organized into four groups (called "gates"): common years after a leap year but before a common year 7309: 3251:. This period is notable in that the precise details of the calendar almost always (but not always) repeat over this period. This occurs because the 3747:

for 'a setting' or 'an established thing'), which is a code consisting of two numbers and a letter. In English, the code consists of the following:

1678:(1° of celestial rotation). These measures are not generally used for everyday purposes; their best-known use is for calculating and announcing the 1444:. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for agriculture, and is an official calendar for civil holidays alongside the 12234: 10651: 4643:

to be the more accurate 29.53058868 days. Thus, the length of the year would be (235*13*26-1)/(19*13*26) = 365.2422 days, very close to the actual

3355:, adjusting the year length is equivalent to moving the day of the next Rosh Hashanah. Several rules are used to determine when this is performed. 3211:

of 19 years, of which 12 are common (non-leap) years of 12 months, and 7 are leap years of 13 months. This 19-year cycle is known in Hebrew as the

1510:

and subsequent Biblical stories. The current Hebrew year, AM 5784, began at sunset on 15 September 2023 and will end at sunset on 2 October 2024.

12624: 10298: 9597:(Abhandlungen der königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen. Philologisch-Historische Klasse. Neue Folge, Band viii, Berlin, 1905 2339:) is very close to 29.5 days. Accordingly, the basic Hebrew calendar year is one of twelve lunar months alternating between 29 and 30 days: 4624:

Dr. Irv Bromberg has suggested a 353-year cycle of 4,366 months, which would include 130 leap months, along with use of a progressively shorter

7745: 6768: 4600:

When the calendar was fixed in the 4th century, the earliest Passover (in year 16 of the Metonic cycle) began on the first full moon after the

8538: 6478:, and the rules for determining the mean longitude of the sun and the moon using the Jewish calendar. Not all the rules were in place by 835. 4245:

by one, two or three days for common years and three, four or five days for leap years in deficient, regular or complete years, respectively.

3569:

Whether a year is deficient, regular, or complete is determined by the time between two adjacent Rosh Hashanah observances and the leap year.

11307: 6338:

At first the beginning of each Jewish month was signaled to the communities of Israel and beyond by fires lit on mountaintops, but after the

3480:). Additionally, the laws of Shabbat override those of Hoshana Rabbah, so that if Hoshana Rabbah were to fall on Shabbat, the Hoshana Rabbah 3100:

dating became the dominant method of counting years throughout most of the world's Jewish communities, replacing earlier systems such as the

1138: 13912: 13588: 13235: 10916: 5239: 4420:

of the next year (TM2). For calendar descriptions in general the day begins at 6 p.m., but for the purpose of determining Rosh Hashanah, a

1609: 9214:

H. Graetz, Popular History of the Jews, (A. B. Rhine, trans.,) Hebrew Publishing Company, New York, 1919, Vol. II, pp. 410–411. Quoted in

12584: 5324: 1251: 7173: 4237:

cycles. The most likely type of year is 5R7 in 18.1% of years, whereas the least likely is 5C1 in 3.3% of years. The day of the week of

11102: 8679: 7076:

Unlike in the current calendar, the first day of Rosh Hashana was permitted to fall on Sunday; otherwise the rules were about the same.

6738: 1196: 7108:, fruits of trees, and the equinox. On two of these grounds it should be intercalated, but not on one of them alone."; also quoted in 3010:

year and the beginning of another, and thus 1 Tishrei is considered the new year for most agriculture-related commandments, including

2718:—"first Adar" and "second adar"). Sources disagree as to which of these months is the "real" Adar, and which is the added leap month. 13209: 12775: 7759: 6763: 5209: 4489: 3499:

If the molad in a common year falls on a Tuesday, on or after 9 hours and 204 parts, Rosh Hashanah is postponed to Thursday. This is

3218:

Because the Julian years are 365 and 1/4 days long, every 28 years the weekday pattern repeats. This is called the sun cycle, or the

3031: 7127: 3912:(Saturday 6pm, i.e. the beginning of Sunday reckoned in the Hebrew manner). The oldest surviving table of Four Gates was written by 3573:

For any given year in the Metonic cycle, the molad moves forward in the week by 2 days, 16 hours, and 595 parts every 19 years. The

11131: 6203: 1377: 1241: 4565:

The rate of calendar drift is increasing with time, since the mean synodic month is progressively shortening due to gravitational

13228: 12630: 6443:

rules of the modern calendar, indicating that some of its arithmetic rules were established in Babylonia during the times of the

6350:) led outlying communities to celebrate scriptural festivals for two days rather than one, observing the second feast-day of the 5125: 9819: 9261: 6423:, explained Hai Gaon's words to mean that the entire computed calendar was due to Hillel II in response to persecution of Jews. 11730: 11184: 9173:ר' סימון מפקד לאילין דמחשבין יהבון דעתכון דלא תעבדין לא תקיעתה בשבת ולא ערבתא בשבתא. ואין אדחקון עבדון תקיעתה ולא תעבדון ערבתא: 8356: 2696:, in some years Kislev may lose a day to have 29 days, or Marcheshvan may acquire an additional day to have 30 days. 9752: 6497:

included all the rules for the calculated calendar and their scriptural basis, including the modern epochal year, in his work

11725: 8708: 8683:, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). 8382: 8128: 7572: 7467: 6647:. The year of this calendar used the ideal Mesopotamian calendar of twelve 30-day months, to which were added 4 days at the 13359: 12768: 10443: 8200: 6237:. The use of the Seleucid era continued till the 16th century in the East, and was employed even in the 19th century among 6166:

year numbering system, other systems were used. In early times, the years were counted from some significant event such as

5144: 2012:) can also mean "week", so that in ritual liturgy a phrase like "Yom Reviʻi beShabbat" means "the fourth day in the week". 11634: 9582:

A History of the Jews and Judaism in the Second Temple Period, Volume 1: Yehud: A History of the Persian Province of Judah

8190:

A. O. Scheffler and P. P. Scheffler, Calmaster2000: Dates, Holidays, Astronomical Events. Pittsburgh, PA: Zephyr Services.

7049:

As it was in AM 5765, 5768 and 5776, the 8th, 11th and 19th years of the 19-year cycle = Gregorian 2005, 2008 and 2016 CE.

3316:

days (about 29.530594 days, which is less than half a second from the modern scientific estimate); it also assumes that a

11745: 11740: 11164: 9856: 5166: 4834: 4802: 1468: 7058:

The barley had to be "eared out" (ripe) in order to have a wave-sheaf offering of the first fruits according to the Law.

6198:

writing in the Roman period. From the 1st-10th centuries, the center of world Judaism was in the Middle East (primarily

13706: 12557: 11434: 10734: 9734: 9155:א"ר יוסה לית כאן חל להיות בשני ולית כאן חל להיות בשבת, חל להיות בשני צומא רבא בחד בשובא, חל להיות בשבת צומא רבא בערובתא 8482: 3256:

itself, but the days of the week (and thus the days of Rosh Hashanah and the year length) typically repeat themselves.

1587: 6150:, as well as other countries of the region. The practice of Judah is continued in modern Judaism and is celebrated as 4398:

The day of Rosh Hashanah and the length of the year are determined by the time and the day of the week of the Tishrei

3334:(365.2422 days) by 0.0046 days (about 7 minutes) per year, or about one day in 216 years. This error is less than the 13907: 13503: 13022: 11585: 11439: 9711: 9677: 8928: 8688: 8509: 7960: 7615: 7137: 7101: 6267:, literally means "spring". Thus, if Adar was over and spring had not yet arrived, an additional month was observed. 314: 1995:

meaning "second day". (However, for days 1, 6, and 7 the modern name differs slightly from the version in Genesis.)

1459:

is added every 2 or 3 years so that the long-term average year length closely approximates the actual length of the

13543: 11494: 11402: 10393: 9137: 7272: 6561:

Also, the four rules of postponement of the rabbinic calendar are not applied, since they are not mentioned in the

6377:

Between 70 and 1178 CE, the observation-based calendar was gradually replaced by a mathematically calculated one.

12659: 11853: 7204: 6199: 5317: 3222:("great cycle") in Hebrew. The beginning of this cycle is arbitrary. Its main use is for determining the time of 3160: 2021: 920: 17: 6893:

to one common year between two leap years. This connection with the major scale is more plain in the context of

2324:. Although originally the new lunar crescent had to be observed and certified by witnesses (as is still done in 11535: 11095: 9767: 9379: 8881: 6459: 5534: 5186: 4581:

A larger source of error is the inaccuracy of the Metonic cycle. Nineteen Jewish years average 6939d 16h 33m 03

4520:(i.e. they are aligned horizontally with respect to a north–south line). The period between two new moons is a 3913: 3565:

year ("complete" or "perfect", also "abundant") is 355 or 385 days long. Both Cheshvan and Kislev have 30 days.

3441:

If the molad occurs on a Sunday, Wednesday, or Friday, Rosh Hashanah is postponed a day. If the application of

7226:, Mesorah Publications Ltd. ("ArtScroll") 1999, where "20b" refers to the 20th page 2nd folio of the tractate. 5411:

Lunisolar calendars similar to the Hebrew calendar, consisting of twelve lunar months plus an occasional 13th

13953: 13701: 12636: 11957: 8524:

Seth L. Sanders, “Writing and Early Iron Age Israel: Before National Scripts, Beyond Nations and States,” in

6855:

A minority opinion places Creation on 25 Adar AM 1, six months earlier, or six months after the modern epoch.

6380:

The Talmuds indicate at least the beginnings of a transition from a purely empirical to a computed calendar.

5487:

and Håkan Ulfgard suggests that the use of what are rarely used Canaanite (or in the case of Ethanim perhaps

3547:

year (Hebrew for "deficient" or "incomplete") is 353 or 383 days long. Both Cheshvan and Kislev have 29 days.

3130: 1284: 1191: 1143: 969: 959: 9692:. Translated by Solomon Gandz. Yale Judaica Series Volume XI, Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., 1956. 14209: 13696: 12699: 12567: 12562: 11750: 11735: 11499: 11454: 11199: 10739: 10677: 10470: 8150: 6791: 6280: 6206:), and Jews in these regions also used Seleucid era dating, which they called the "Era of Contracts ". The 5433: 4665: 1757: 1370: 1229: 8022: 6619:. This can affect the dates observed for all the Jewish holidays in a particular year by one or two days. 6565:. This can affect the dates observed for all the Jewish holidays in a particular year by one or two days. 4472:). As it cannot be postponed to Wednesday, it is postponed to Thursday, and year 1 ends up with 354 days. 30: 13886: 13756: 12664: 12649: 11530: 11390: 10577: 9905: 6363:

know in advance whether a month would have 30 or 29 days, and whether a year would have 12 or 13 months.

6131: 5488: 5412: 5154: 4864: 4844: 4639:

gradually so that a whole intercalary month is taken out at the end of Iggul 26; while also changing the

3842:

in Hebrew letters is written right-to-left, so their days of the week are reversed, the right number for

3157:

year number starting from 1 CE will yield the Hebrew year. For earlier years there may be a discrepancy;

2727: 1545:

are described in the Bible as lasting "from evening to evening". The days are therefore figured locally.

1456: 1289: 1017: 233: 7500:"This month shall be unto you the beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year to you." 6659:

or that changes were made irregularly when the seasonal anomaly was too great to be ignored any longer.

5416:

process was almost certainly a regularly occurring aspect of the early Hebrew calendar keeping process.

925: 14096: 14076: 12924: 12869: 12618: 12512: 12163: 12057: 11765: 11698: 11259: 11149: 10911: 10716: 10552: 10061: 8329: 7977: 6359: 5310: 5219: 5108: 4681: 4517: 3447:

would place Rosh Hashanah on one of these days, then it must be postponed a second day. This is called

3397: 3089: 1507: 900: 296: 258: 228: 7810:

Hugo Mandelbaum (1986). "Introduction: Elements of the Calendar Calculations". In Arthur Spier (ed.).

3556:

year ("regular" or "in-order") is 354 or 384 days long. Cheshvan has 29 days while Kislev has 30 days.

1165: 14086: 14058: 13891: 13670: 13058: 13037: 12795: 12734: 12674: 12572: 12552: 12422: 12347: 12207: 12074: 11760: 11720: 11088: 10681: 5171: 3393: 1325: 1279: 400: 253: 243: 5494:

During the Babylonian captivity, the Jewish people adopted the Babylonian names for the months. The

14204: 14153: 13352: 12654: 12485: 11784: 11659: 10614: 10157: 10098: 7691: 6628: 5214: 5204: 4891: 4789: 4715: 1708:, which generally differs from 12:00. Relative hours are used for the calculation of prayer times ( 623: 199: 9747:. Yale Judaica Series Volume XIV, Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn., 1961. pp. 557–602. 9690:

The Code of Maimonides (Mishneh Torah), Book Three, Treatise Eight: Sanctification of the New Moon

2955:

The 1st of Nisan is the new year for kings and festivals. The 1st of Elul is the new year for the

14091: 14041: 13828: 13675: 13099: 12607: 12596: 12190: 12111: 11816: 11715: 11654: 11540: 11513: 10562: 10431: 9849: 6743: 6245: 5282: 5244: 5159: 4947: 3574: 1571: 1363: 1350: 1148: 498: 206: 194: 9994: 2726:

The Bible does not directly mention the addition of leap months (also known as "embolismic" or "

13991: 13792: 13538: 13437: 13255: 12853: 12643: 12613: 11676: 10388: 10012: 8501:

The Story of Sukkot : the Setting, Shaping and Sequel of the biblical Feast of Tabernacles

8394: 6191: 4541: 3811: 3791: 3771: 2846: 1404: 1330: 1224: 1060: 964: 857: 683: 410: 272: 12760: 10998: 8472: 7935: 7678: 7562: 4540:

seconds) (i.e., 29.530594 days), and is the same value determined by the Babylonians in their

3338:(365.2500 days) make (0.0078 days/year, or one day in 128 years), but much more than what the 3133:, but about one year "before" Creation, with the new moon of its first month (Tishrei) called 13593: 13276: 13156: 12997: 12885: 12669: 12590: 12372: 12079: 11962: 11703: 11693: 11686: 11671: 11557: 11027: 11022: 11015: 10789: 10251: 9792: 9719:

The Comprehensive Hebrew Calendar: Twentieth to the Twenty-Second Century 5660–5860/1900–2100

8499: 7605: 6687: 6597: 6175:

in the Babylonian diaspora counted the years from the first deportation from Israel, that of

5718: 5702: 5529: 5277: 3057: 2449: 1984: 668: 301: 291: 284: 9494: 7067:

An interval of 29 days/12 hours/792 halakim, as opposed to the current interval of 29/12/793

6643:

have references to a unique calendar, used by the people there, who are often assumed to be

6372: 3426:

If the molad occurs at or later than noon, Rosh Hashanah is postponed a day. This is called

2991:(which begins on 15 Nisan) is described in the Torah as falling "in the first month", while 974: 942: 14026: 13967: 13943: 13938: 12987: 12704: 12694: 12197: 11169: 10896: 10779: 10604: 10512: 10130: 10024: 9940: 9777: 9727:

Calendar and Community: A History of the Jewish Calendar 2nd Century BCE to 10th Century CE

9089:

Gandz, Solomon. "Studies in the Hebrew Calendar: II. The origin of the Two New Moon Days",

7377: 7113: 6894: 5448: 5441: 5229: 5049: 4882: 3270: 3234: 3167:

In Hebrew there are two common ways of writing the year number: with the thousands, called

2051: 1441: 1055: 984: 979: 910: 578: 568: 9527: 7330: 5483:. The last three of these names are only mentioned in connection with the building of the 2002:, as its Hebrew name indicates, is a day of rest in Judaism. In Talmudic Hebrew, the word 905: 8: 14053: 13948: 13866: 13856: 13631: 13548: 13528: 13518: 13345: 12352: 12320: 12246: 12155: 12101: 11708: 11508: 11242: 11207: 10978: 10749: 10711: 10547: 10497: 10347: 10325: 10320: 10266: 10196: 10164: 9662: 9328: 8166: 7831:

practical value of this remark? R. Ashi said: Confuting the witnesses." I. Epstein, Ed.,

6680: 6358:

The accuracy of the Mishnah's claim that the Mishnaic calendar was also used in the late

6147: 5495: 5480: 5176: 5130: 5004: 2971:

is the new year for trees—so the school of Shammai, but the school of Hillel say: On the

1574:

convention, there are varying opinions as to where the day changes. One opinion uses the

1551:, the exact time when days begin or end is uncertain: this time could be either sundown ( 935: 890: 693: 618: 306: 7867: 7708: 7218:"Appendix II: Baal HaMaor's Interpretation of 20b and its Relevance to the Dateline" in 4532:

of ancient times. The molad interval is 29 days, 12 hours, and 793 "parts" (1 "part" = /

2775: 213: 14178: 14158: 14036: 14021: 14006: 13928: 13727: 13691: 13493: 12684: 12679: 12490: 12212: 12089: 12084: 12069: 12039: 11992: 11915: 11821: 11681: 11254: 11159: 11126: 11069: 10886: 10784: 10507: 10485: 10450: 10421: 10226: 10206: 9925: 9920: 9884: 9842: 9695: 9442: 9287: 9245: 9094: 8249: 7739: 7357:

The Oxford Companion to the Year: An Exploration of Calendar Customs and Time-reckoning

7245: 6811: 6668: 6604: 6432: 6392:

fall on a Friday or a Sunday. This indicates that, by the time of the redaction of the

6381: 5363: 5234: 5016: 4933: 4529: 3339: 3207:

Since the Jewish calendar has been fixed, leap months have been added according to the

2818: 2298: 1445: 1419: 1186: 1113: 915: 862: 598: 538: 508: 440: 395: 358: 348: 279: 11967: 11843: 9824: 8542: 7679:

The Enduring Usefulness of the Tur’s 247-year Calendar Cycle (Iggul of Rabbi Nachshon)

7632:

Talmudic and Rabbinical Chronology: The System of Counting Years in Jewish Literature,

13986: 13782: 13777: 13621: 13457: 13321: 12468: 12399: 12281: 12266: 12049: 11920: 11885: 11174: 11059: 10926: 10921: 10667: 10619: 10557: 10537: 10352: 10303: 10273: 10211: 10174: 10169: 10115: 10078: 10019: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9910: 9730: 9707: 9699: 9673: 8924: 8704: 8684: 8505: 8478: 8378: 8232: 8124: 8117: 7956: 7883: 7827: 7727: 7611: 7568: 7360: 7133: 6932: 6676: 5511: 5362:, the Hebrew calendar became one of the official calendars of Israel, along with the 4952: 4911: 4743: 4728: 4690: 4509: 3363: 3247: 1294: 1123: 1001: 895: 879: 757: 638: 435: 223: 6787:

This and certain other calculations in this article are now provided by a template (

6482: 6287:

inscription "To the Trumpeting Place" is believed to be a part of the Second Temple.

5444:

calendar include ten of the twelve months identified by number rather than by name.

3358:

To calculate the day on which Rosh Hashanah of a given year will fall, the expected

14183: 14132: 14048: 13996: 13772: 13750: 13616: 13513: 12534: 12502: 12463: 12434: 12417: 12367: 12168: 11977: 11910: 11863: 11811: 11779: 11770: 11755: 11629: 11604: 11580: 11464: 11395: 11312: 11179: 10906: 10646: 10636: 10532: 10337: 10332: 10261: 10221: 10201: 10191: 10147: 10073: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10007: 9935: 9915: 9434: 9324: 9295: 9279: 9237: 9102: 7463: 6889:

in the scale corresponds to two common years between consecutive leap years, and a

6819: 6758: 6753: 6675:, in Egypt. These documents show that the Jewish community of Elephantine used the 6640: 6552: 6517: 6393: 6139: 5514:, indicating a common origin. The origin is thought to be the Babylonian calendar. 5507: 5069: 5011: 4994: 4928: 4921: 4854: 4753: 4738: 4733: 4616:

prayer for rain, which will be more often recited once rains are already underway.

2329: 1320: 1234: 1181: 930: 747: 588: 457: 365: 263: 248: 189: 149: 126: 9598: 8072: 3302:

The Hebrew calendar assumes that a month is uniformly of the length of an average

14116: 14081: 14068: 14031: 13978: 13836: 13665: 13626: 13463: 13220: 13002: 12952: 12912: 12830: 12805: 12791: 12444: 12251: 12178: 12011: 11982: 11905: 11895: 11858: 11833: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11624: 11619: 11609: 11594: 11385: 11302: 11269: 11227: 11217: 10936: 10931: 10862: 10726: 10691: 10641: 10599: 10517: 10502: 10438: 10426: 10416: 10362: 10293: 10283: 10216: 10179: 10120: 10036: 10031: 9829: 9390: 7471: 6865: 6570: 6528: 6397: 6351: 6284: 6107: 5847: 5359: 5103: 5059: 4983: 4723: 4613: 3802: 3782: 3762: 3740: 3487:

Thus Rosh Hashanah can only fall on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday. The

3477: 3335: 3154: 3142: 3052:

The Jewish calendar's reference point is traditionally held to be about one year

2325: 2282: 1983:

The names of the days of the week are modeled on the seven days mentioned in the

1779: 1750: 1499: 1431: 1395: 1246: 1176: 1118: 1070: 949: 852: 715: 503: 430: 375: 370: 238: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 154: 137: 13124:

Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran

10490: 8869: 8857: 8853: 8043: 6960:

incorrectly listed 5C7 instead of the correct 5C3. Resnikoff's table is correct.

6179:

in 597 BCE. The era year was then called "year of the captivity of Jehoiachin".

4569:

effects. Measured on a strictly uniform time scale (such as that provided by an

14016: 13814: 13802: 13746: 13741: 13735: 13660: 13583: 13508: 13083: 13073: 12972: 12962: 12907: 12840: 12748: 12723: 12544: 12451: 12409: 12389: 12377: 12357: 12271: 12261: 12229: 12222: 12202: 12173: 12145: 12140: 12106: 12016: 11940: 11930: 11868: 11666: 11614: 11525: 11520: 11282: 11277: 11212: 11141: 10901: 10759: 10624: 10609: 10567: 10542: 10480: 10475: 10398: 10383: 10357: 10310: 10288: 10278: 10184: 10152: 10137: 10105: 10088: 10056: 9930: 9889: 9879: 9459: 8865: 8861: 8837: 8805: 8757: 8741: 8635: 8605: 8459: 8437: 7981: 7297: 7160: 6823: 6815: 6748: 6730: 6634: 6608: 6466:, the rules for determining on what day of the week the first day of the month 6436: 6428: 6405: 6187: 6171: 5983: 5724: 5262: 5038: 4979: 4748: 3469: 3330:

times that, i.e., about 365.2468 days. Thus it overestimates the length of the

3223: 2911: 2850: 2710: 2090: 2071: 1991:"... And there was evening and there was morning, a second day" corresponds to 1452: 1345: 1268: 802: 533: 493: 336: 326: 159: 105: 97: 8960: 8946: 8789: 8773: 8725: 8620: 8601: 8567: 8563: 8474:

Ancient Synagogues – Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research

8448: 8433: 8418: 8414: 8236: 7544: 7540: 7526: 7447: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7392: 7156: 7152: 4424:

occurring on or after noon is treated as belonging to the next day (the first

1599: 1479:, while leap months are now added in 7 out of every 19 years according to the 14198: 13933: 13851: 13846: 13797: 13787: 13427: 13063: 13053: 13012: 13007: 12917: 12848: 12517: 12362: 12289: 12096: 12030: 12003: 11952: 11900: 11873: 11848: 11838: 11599: 11545: 11479: 11459: 11449: 11444: 11417: 11363: 11292: 11237: 10629: 10582: 10572: 10527: 10522: 10367: 10342: 10315: 10256: 10239: 10110: 10093: 9974: 9945: 9556:

Head of All Years: Astronomy and Calendars at Qumran in their Ancient Context

9426: 9410: 8974: 8821: 8586: 8571: 8559: 8526:

Literate Culture and Tenth-Century Canaan: The Tel Zayit Abecedary in Context

8422: 8410: 8406: 7731: 7512: 7497: 7459: 7432: 7388: 7364: 7286: 6928: 6499: 6463: 6331:

to having seen the new lunar crescent at sunset. The practice in the time of

6257: 6238: 6217: 5851: 5834: 5759: 5640: 5300: 5098: 5034: 4644: 4640: 4608:, which will shift into Israel's winter rainy season, making dwelling in the 4601: 4521: 4412:

Secondly, one must determine the number of days between the starting Tishrei

3858: 3352: 3331: 3317: 3303: 3208: 3150: 3048: 3015: 3003: 2960: 2942: 2930: 2922: 2814: 2757: 2739: 2336: 2310: 2270: 2061: 2056: 1746: 1686: 1603: 1530: 1480: 1065: 822: 752: 548: 543: 523: 518: 420: 405: 144: 11010: 8528:, ed. Ron E. Tappy and P. Kyle McCarter, (Winona Lake, IN, 2008), p. 101–102 8260: 7886:, Monthly Notes of the Astronomical Society of South Africa, Vol. 15, p. 86. 3290:

refers to these years, while another memory aid refers to musical notation.

3096:

accounts of the creation and subsequent history. From the eleventh century,

2730:" months). The insertion of the leap month is based on the requirement that 2026:

Jewish holidays can only fall on the weekdays shown in the following table:

14011: 13809: 13523: 13498: 13483: 13449: 13409: 13068: 12947: 12890: 12497: 12294: 12256: 12217: 11806: 11550: 11489: 11469: 11429: 11412: 11380: 11368: 11329: 11247: 11222: 10966: 10941: 10816: 10744: 10234: 9788:

Yeshiva.co: Jewish Calendar with Halachic times date converter and daf yomi

9477: 8098: 6536: 6475: 6401: 6400:

is reported to have counseled "those who make the computations" not to set

6307: 6183: 6151: 6143: 6127: 5636: 5484: 5371: 5181: 5030: 4570: 3101: 3085: 3019: 2995:(which begins on 1 Tishrei) is described as falling "in the seventh month". 2992: 2956: 2888: 2320:

The beginning of each Jewish lunar month is based on the appearance of the

1775:

Since some calculations use division, a remainder of 0 signifies Saturday.

1575: 1133: 1128: 1044: 558: 483: 425: 218: 58: 9186:

Select Works of the Emperor Julian and some Pieces of the Sophist Libanius

8905: 7665: 6275: 6134:

counted years using the ecclesiastical new year starting on 1 Aviv/Nisan (

5429: 5424: 13711: 13608: 13570: 13553: 13488: 13469: 13402: 13382: 13291: 13048: 12982: 12929: 12507: 12022: 11947: 11925: 11828: 11422: 11351: 11346: 11334: 11324: 10946: 10872: 10841: 10836: 10754: 10244: 8334: 7592:

dating became dominant throughout most of the world's Jewish communities.

6878: 6698:, or according to the intercalary month every third year in the month of 6672: 6574: 6420: 6332: 6296: 6224: 6135: 4901: 4820: 3727: 3107: 2938: 2302: 2254: 1988: 1693:, also sometimes called "halachic hours"). A relative hour is defined as 1027: 782: 583: 563: 10592: 9743:

Ernest Wiesenberg. "Appendix: Addenda and Corrigenda to Treatise VIII".

7847:"Hebrew Calendar Science and Myth: 'The Debatable Dehiyah Molad Zaquen'" 7249: 7236:

Neugebauer, Otto (1949). "The Astronomy of Maimonides and its Sources".

6532:

current, mathematically based, calendar used in Rabbinic Judaism today.

3342:(365.2425 days/year) make (0.0003 days/year, or one day in 3333 years). 3088:, the year number equals the number of years that have passed since the 3002:, and the date on which the year number advances. This date is known as 1486:

Nowadays, Hebrew years are generally counted according to the system of

13478: 13473: 13368: 13311: 13306: 13286: 13161: 13017: 12992: 12967: 12858: 12601: 12308: 11890: 11484: 11232: 11154: 10961: 10956: 10891: 10881: 10876: 10701: 10066: 9745:

The Code of Maimonides (Mishneh Torah), Book Three: The Book of Seasons

9446: 9291: 9270:, In particular section 5.1.1, discussion of the "Persecution theory.". 9249: 9098: 7846: 6924: 6886: 6494: 6471: 6424: 6389: 6176: 6167: 6024: 5839: 5763: 5743: 5113: 4816: 4758: 4701: 4636: 4545: 3465: 3043: 3023: 2972: 2753: 2471: 2306: 2274: 2095: 2078: 1705: 1534: 1524: 1489: 1460: 1102: 1022: 817: 792: 593: 573: 473: 80: 66: 8060: 4476:

postponing Rosh Hashanah in year 3 from Monday to Tuesday (the fourth

1475:(a mathematical approximation of the mean time between new moons) and 113: 14168: 14148: 13881: 13841: 13578: 13387: 13088: 13078: 12934: 12522: 11987: 11878: 11789: 11407: 11341: 11039: 11003: 10971: 10867: 10846: 10826: 9950: 9228:

Lieberman, S. (1946). "Palestine in the Third and Fourth Centuries".

8272: 8061:

A Short History of the Jewish Fixed Calendar: The Origin of the Molad

7907: 6890: 6699: 6592: 6487: 6416: 6339: 6328: 5385: 3389: 3276: 3240:

Every 247 years, or 13 cycles of 19 years, form a period known as an

2704: 1930: 1579: 737: 478: 390: 11358: 9782: 9756:. T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1910, vol. 3, pp. 108–109. 9621: 9438: 9299: 9241: 9106: 4406:

of a certain year, the length of the year is determined as follows:

4402:, that is, the moment of the average conjunction. Given the Tishrei 2750:

are presumed by the Torah to fall in specific agricultural seasons.

1559:, "when the stars appear"). The time between sundown and nightfall ( 14163: 14001: 13645: 13558: 13316: 13296: 13271: 13176: 12957: 12880: 12241: 12183: 12128: 12123: 11794: 11080: 11034: 10831: 9865: 9814: 6916: 6710: 6695: 6667:

Calendrical evidence for the postexilic Persian period is found in

6652: 6412: 6347: 6311: 6270: 6195: 6115: 5946: 5884: 5590: 5475: 5347: 4647:. The result is the "Hebrew Calendar" in the program CalMaster2000. 4554: 4505: 3367: 3093: 2988: 2731: 2537: 2321: 2262: 2083: 2037: 1952: 1839: 1769: 1728: 1538: 1436: 1012: 847: 807: 777: 732: 663: 353: 10587: 9804: 9787: 7040:

That is to say, Passover began within a day or so of the full moon

6462:

in 823. Al-Khwarizmi's study of the Jewish calendar describes the

5428:

Calendar for the year 1840/41. Printed by I. Lehrberger u. Comp.,

4226:

Comparing the days of the week of molad Tishrei with those in the

3761:

The letter indicates whether that year is deficient (D, "ח", from

2987:, i.e. the date from which months and festivals are counted. Thus 14173: 13397: 13392: 13281: 13171: 13110: 12897: 12825: 12456: 12340: 12335: 12325: 12313: 12133: 12118: 12062: 11997: 11972: 11935: 11799: 11474: 11373: 11297: 11189: 11115: 8889: 8293: 8286: 8073:"Muhammad ibn Musa (Al-)Khwarizmi (Or Kharazmi) (Ca. 780-850 CE)" 7098: 6691: 6648: 6644: 6467: 6324: 6319: 5820: 5681: 5469: 5351: 5338: 5267: 5120: 4774: 4549: 4439:

days after TM1, but if TM1 is on or after noon and before 2:27:16

3473: 2947: 2934: 2743: 2707:, the 12th and 13th months are named Adar I and Adar II (Hebrew: 2515: 2266: 2250: 2044: 1999: 1908: 1765: 1564: 1548: 1542: 1085: 1075: 827: 812: 762: 698: 643: 613: 513: 415: 385: 343: 331: 321: 9773:

Hebcal.com: Jewish Holiday Calendars & Hebrew Date Converter

6603:

The epoch of the Samaritan calendar is year of the entry of the

6535:

In the lunar Karaite calendar, the beginning of each month, the

13191: 13181: 12902: 12790: 12527: 12394: 12330: 8377:(1961) by Roland De Vaux, John McHugh, Publisher: McGraw–Hill, 6920: 6690:

shows that the Jewish community of some eastern city, possibly

6616: 6612: 6579: 6562: 6540: 6455: 6452: 6444: 6343: 6292: 6207: 5924: 5843: 5600: 5503: 5452: 5343: 5135: 4779: 4765: 4609: 4605: 3011: 2968: 2967:

and Jubilee years, for planting and for vegetables. The 1st of

2964: 2921:

made from a ram's horn is traditionally blown in observance of

2917: 2872: 2747: 2604: 2560: 2278: 2066: 1974: 1886: 1864: 1843: 1835: 1761: 1709: 1583: 1427: 1080: 954: 842: 837: 772: 767: 742: 722: 703: 688: 653: 648: 628: 608: 603: 528: 488: 380: 49: 8044:

A Short History of the Jewish Fixed Calendar : Appendices

7895: 6142:

counted years using the civil new year starting on 1 Tishrei (

4632:

Other authors have proposed to use cycles of 334 or 687 years.

3229:

Because every 50 years is a Jubilee year, there is a jubilee (

3137:(the mean new moon of chaos or nothing). It is about one year 1716:

must be recited in the first three relative hours of the day.

13598: 13337: 13301: 13186: 13151: 13141: 12977: 12478: 12473: 12427: 12382: 12303: 12298: 11562: 11317: 11287: 10821: 9378: 9203:

The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis Book I (Sections 1–46),

8307: 8300: 6706: 6504: 6385: 6093: 6004: 5967: 5665: 5572: 5375: 4784: 4513: 3388:, fell on Sunday evening at 11:11:20 PM in the local time of 3359: 3073: 2734:

occur at the same time of year as the spring barley harvest (

2582: 2427: 2383: 2258: 2100: 2032: 1713: 1679: 1628: 1495: 1213: 832: 787: 727: 673: 658: 553: 9834: 9429:(1947–1948). "Date of the Composition of Maimonides' Code". 9111:

Studies in Hebrew Astronomy and Mathematics by Solomon Gandz

9031: 8314: 8002:

Resnikoff, Louis A. (1943). "Jewish Calendar Calculations".

7721: 6539:, can be calculated, but is confirmed by the observation in 13532: 13414: 13326: 13266: 13251: 13196: 13166: 13146: 13118: 12577: 11111: 10951: 7656:

Nadia Vidro, "The Origins of the 247-Year Calendar Cycle",

6548: 6263: 6076: 5784: 5623: 5463: 5457: 5367: 4566: 2700: 2649: 2626: 2493: 2405: 2246: 1563:) is of uncertain status. Thus (for example) observance of 708: 678: 633: 468: 75: 63: 9809: 9616:

Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae, Chronicon Paschale

8397:

The Torah.com. By Prof. Sacha Stern. Retrieved 2023-07-22.

8101:, Hipparchus' Empirical Basis for his Lunar Mean Motions, 7988:. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark. p. 121. 6551:), rather than using the calculated and fixed calendar of 6146:). The practice of the Kingdom of Israel was also that of 3889:; common years after a common year but before a leap year 3832:, within the same Hebrew year (next Julian/Gregorian year) 13432: 9825:

University of Toronto: The "Kalendis" Calendar Calculator

9772: 9643:

Ari Belenkiy. "A Unique Feature of the Jewish Calendar –

9051:

The Ancient Near East: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures

8279: 8223:

Rosen, Alan (2014). "Tracking Jewish time in Auschwitz".

7696:(Third ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 91. 7690:

Dershowitz, Nachum; Reingold, Edward M. (December 2007).

7354: 6214: 5518:

Hebrew names of the months with their Babylonian analogs

3917: 3531: 3006:(lit. "head of the year"). Tishrei marks the end of one 1685:

In another system, the daytime period is divided into 12

1423: 797: 9830:

Calendar-Converter.com: Jewish/Hebrew Calendar Converter

8031:. Leipzig, J. C. Hinrichs. pp. xxiii–xxvi, 190–238. 7795:

W. M. Feldman (1965). "Chapter 17: The Fixed Calendar".

7607:

The Easter Computus and the Origins of the Christian Era

6798: 4516:) is the moment at which the sun and moon have the same 27:

Lunisolar calendar used for Jewish religious observances

9567:

Sacha Stern, "The Babylonian Calendar at Elephantine",

9478:"Aviv Barley in the Biblical Calendar – Nehemia's Wall" 9431:

Proceedings of the American Academy for Jewish Research

6662: 5451:, the names of only four months are referred to in the 5374:

on 10 Nisan, and the Holocaust Commemoration Day on 27

2681:* – For the distinction between numbering systems, see 1612:, the 24-hour day is divided into fixed hours equal to 7355:

Blackburn, Bonnie; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (2000).

6881:

follow the same pattern as do Jewish leap years, with

2257:

contains all of the festivals specified in the Bible (

34:

Jewish calendar, showing Adar II between 1927 and 1948

9346:

E.S. Kennedy, "Al-Khwarizmi on the Jewish calendar",

9121: 9119: 7560: 3878: 2693: 2286: 1608:

Judaism uses multiple systems for dividing hours. In

1476: 9384: 9282:, "Ben Meir and the Origin of the Jewish Calendar", 7647:, trans. A. Löwy. New York: Hermon Press, 1974. 6954: 6720: 4227: 3837: 3816: 3796: 3776: 3560: 3551: 3542: 3464:

This rule is applied for religious reasons, so that

3179:("minor era"). Thus, the current year is written as 1778:

In Hebrew, these names may be abbreviated using the

1426:

religious observance and as an official calendar of

1409: 13913:

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)

9686:, 3rd edition, Sepher-Hermon Press, New York, 1978. 7603: 3345: 2335:The mean period of the lunar month (precisely, the 13250: 9116: 8116: 7689: 7645:A Treatise on the Sabbatical Cycle and the Jubilee 6157: 3459:), an acronym that means "not one, four, or six". 2929:The Hebrew calendar year conventionally begins on 1756:The names for the days of the week are simply the 8201:"Committee concerning the fixing of the Calendar" 6101: 4612:less practical. It also affects the logic of the 4595: 3173:("major era"), and without the thousands, called 14196: 9721:. Feldheim Publishers, Jerusalem/New York, 1986. 9706:. Cambridge University Press; 2 edition (2001). 9704:Calendrical Calculations: The Millennium Edition 9460:"Karaite Korner – New Moon and the Hebrew Month" 9286:, Original Series, Vol. 10, pp. 152–161 (1898). 8330:"Rabbinate: New Year's Eve Parties 'Not Kosher'" 7462:, Sanctification of the New Moon 1:2; quoted in 7104:"The year may be intercalated on three grounds: 7012:p.m. on Tuesday, and TM3 will be between 9:32:43 6271:Determining the new month in the Mishnaic period 5479:(eighth month). All of these are believed to be 4428:). All months are calculated as 29d, 12h, 44m, 3 2721: 1529:Based on the classic rabbinic interpretation of 9768:Chabad.org: Introduction to the Jewish Calendar 9659:Elements of the Jewish and Muhammadan Calendars 8921:The complete ArtScroll Machzor / Rosh Hashanah 8655: 7955:. New York/Jerusalem: Moznaim. pp. 95–97. 7809: 6655:(cardinal points), making a total of 364 days. 6388:could not fall on a Sabbath nor a Monday, lest 2860:This year is the 16th year of the 207th cycle. 1622:of a day, while each hour is divided into 1080 1582:(located at 144°47' W, passing through eastern 8026:Kalendariographische und Chronologische Tafeln 7706: 6769:List of observances set by the Hebrew calendar 6583:can now again use the observational calendar. 6314:, and in Exodus 12:2. "This month is to you". 6227:: In the Diaspora the Greek Era alone is used. 3527:), where the acronym stands for "2 , 15, 589". 3076:"in the year of the world", often abbreviated 13353: 13236: 12776: 11096: 9850: 9783:Tripod.com: Hebrew Calendar Science and Myths 9361: 9359: 9053:, Vol. 1, Princeton University Press, p. 213. 7794: 7781:Hilchos Kiddush ha-Chodesh (chapters 6, 7, 8) 7722:R. Avraham bar Chiya ha-nasi (1851). "9,10". 7709:"Calendar FAQ: the Hebrew calendar: New moon" 7359:. Oxford University Press. pp. 722–725. 6801:, though the information is widely available. 6366: 6194:used Seleucid era dating exclusively, as did 5318: 4488:For calculated dates of Jewish holidays, see 3511:, where the acronym stands for "3 , 9, 204"). 3404:-2067022+(23+34/3/60)/24+(29.5+793/1080/24)*N 3064:The Jewish year number is generally given by 2979:Two of these dates are especially prominent: 2828:This year is the 8th year of the 305th cycle. 1760:within the week. The week begins with Day 1 ( 1371: 9171: 9153: 8024: 7634:(New York: Philip Feldheim, Publisher, 1956) 7350: 7348: 6301: 5389: 3908:is noon Saturday, with the week starting on 3734: 3522: 3516: 3506: 3500: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3433: 3427: 3417: 3285: 3192: 3182: 3174: 3168: 3112:(A.D. or AD), the words or abbreviation for 2951:(c. 200 CE) identifies four new-year dates: 2007: 1963: 1941: 1919: 1897: 1875: 1853: 1825: 1797: 1783: 1740: 1734: 12585:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 9342: 9340: 8079: 7900: 7884:Astronomical Aspects of the Jewish Calendar 7878: 7876: 7331:"Moon and the Molad of the Hebrew Calendar" 3824:The right number is the day of the week of 3113: 3105: 3066: 2015: 1487: 13360: 13346: 13243: 13229: 12783: 12769: 11103: 11089: 11055: 9857: 9843: 9750:Francis Henry Woods. "Calendar (Hebrew)", 9569:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 9550: 9548: 9356: 9188:, Vol. 2, Cadell, London, 1784, pp. 57–62. 8680:The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings 8673: 8671: 8119:Mapping time: the calendar and its history 7823: 7821: 7803: 7744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 7235: 7229: 6739:Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement 6520:, evidence shows a diversity of practice. 5370:, Jerusalem Reunification Day on 28 Iyar, 5325: 5311: 3751:The left number is the day of the week of 2756:, discussing the calendrical rules in his 1745:) is a cycle of seven days, mirroring the 1378: 1364: 9227: 8923:(in Hebrew). Brooklyn, NY: Mesorah Publ. 8901: 8899: 8375:Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions 8370: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8327: 8160: 8158: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8001: 7975: 7933: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7700: 7345: 7310:daily psalm recited in the morning prayer 6411:There is a tradition, first mentioned by 6190:(under Greek influence at the time). The 6182:During the Hellenistic Maccabean period, 4671: 3468:does not fall on a Friday or Sunday, and 3422:. The two most important conditions are: 3264: 3118:(A.M. or AM) for the era should properly 3030:For the dates of the Jewish New Year see 2925:, the beginning of the Jewish civic year. 13908:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) 11132:Index of Jewish history-related articles 9820:Chabad.org: Jewish/Hebrew Date Converter 9521: 9519: 9489: 9487: 9337: 8918: 8470: 8123:. Oxford University Press. p. 224. 8114: 8108: 7950: 7873: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7328: 7324: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7125: 6797:). This template is mainly sourced from 6274: 5423: 3189:‎(5784) using the "major era" and 3047: 2910: 29: 13049:Yom HaShoah (Holocaust Remembrance Day) 12631:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 11268: 9661:. George Bell and Sons, London, 1901 – 9545: 8668: 8497: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8140: 7818: 7788: 7604:Alden A. Mosshammer (16 October 2008). 7163:) only the beginning time is mentioned. 6373:Hillel II § Fixing of the calendar 2882:This year is the 2nd year of the cycle. 14: 14197: 9584:, T&T Clark, London, 2004, p. 186. 9109:. Reprinted in Shlomo Sternberg, ed., 8896: 8361: 8357:Calendar - Ancient, Religious, Systems 8155: 8049: 8020: 7922: 7453: 7174:"Zmanim Briefly Defined and Explained" 7094: 7092: 6622: 4576: 3885:; common years between two leap years 3828:, the first day of Passover or Pesach 3532:Deficient, regular, and complete years 2871:According to the current reckoning of 2796:In 5784, Rosh Hashanah is on Saturday, 1660:was a Babylonian time period called a 1656:minute). The ultimate ancestor of the 1586:). Other opinions exist as well. (See 1455:comprise a total of just 354 days, an 13341: 13224: 13210:Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050 12764: 11084: 9838: 9724: 9672:. Moznaim, New York/Jerusalem, 1989. 9627: 9595:Christliche und jüdische Ostertafeln, 9516: 9484: 9267: 9255: 9215: 9184:Julian, Letter 25, in John Duncombe, 9125: 9037: 8882:"Babylonian Talmud: Avodah Zarah 10a" 8646: 8222: 8218: 8216: 8214: 7715: 7549: 7315: 7109: 6764:Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050 6586: 6470:shall fall, the interval between the 4490:Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050 3733:Each of these patterns is known by a 3032:Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050 2849:used to calculate the date to recite 11110: 9684:Rabbinical Mathematics and Astronomy 9525: 9386:Risāla fi istikhrāj ta’rīkh al-yahūd 9330:Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics 8164: 8137: 7908:"The Jewish Calendar: A Closer Look" 7797:Rabbinical Mathematics and Astronomy 7707:Tøndering, Trine; Tøndering, Claus. 7567:. New Leaf Publishing. p. 295. 7561:Dr. Floyd Nolen Jones (March 2005). 7329:Bromberg, Dr. Irv (August 5, 2010). 7190: 7002:TM2 will be between noon and 2:27:16 6923:, Rosh Hashanah 20b and Sukkah 43b. 6663:Other calendars used by ancient Jews 6130:concluded that the ancient northern 3384:seconds). The very first molad, the 3199:‎(784) using the "minor era". 3092:, according to an interpretation of 9753:Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics 9610:Peter of Alexandria, quoted in the 9394: 9201:30.4.1, in Frank Williams, trans., 9172: 9154: 8701:The Chronology of the Old Testament 8665:1.81, Loeb Classical Library, 1930. 8250:חוק השימוש בתאריך העברי, תשנ"ח-1998 7986:Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics 7835:Soncino Press, London, 1938, p. 85. 7771: 7752: 7308:For example, when referring to the 7089: 6885:corresponding to year 19 (or 0): a 6523: 6302: 6162:Before the adoption of the current 5390: 4635:Another suggestion is to delay the 3806: 3786: 3766: 3744: 3523: 3507: 3455: 3434: 3286: 3193: 3183: 3175: 3169: 2780:according to the traditional count. 2301:, meaning that months are based on 2008: 1964: 1942: 1920: 1898: 1876: 1854: 1826: 1798: 1784: 1782:of the Hebrew letters, for example 1735: 1503: 1472: 1399: 24: 13707:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar 12578:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 12558:American Jewish Historical Society 9810:Kaluach.org: Hebrew Date Converter 9798: 9367:Dictionary of Scientific Biography 9113:, KTAV, New York, 1970, pp. 72–73. 8211: 7896:Tzarich Iyun: Your Hebrew Birthday 7844: 7833:The Babylonian Talmud Seder Mo'ed, 7777: 7726:(in Hebrew). Vol. 2. London. 7222:, Schottenstein Edition, Tractate 6868:equivalent to 3, 6, 8, 1, 4, 7, 9. 6705:Jewish funerary inscriptions from 6577:, the Karaite Jews that have made 6511: 6503:. He wrote that he had chosen the 5406: 4480:), and year 2 will have 383 days. 3202: 2963:is the new year for years, of the 2791:making it a deficient (חסרה) year. 2354:Range of possible Gregorian dates 1588:International date line in Judaism 25: 14221: 9761: 9670:Understanding the Jewish Calendar 9397:, "Extraction of the Jewish Era") 9205:Leiden, E. J.Brill, 1987, p. 122. 7953:Understanding the Jewish Calendar 7940:, translated by Sachau, C. Edward 7937:The Chronology of Ancient Nations 7812:The Comprehensive Hebrew Calendar 7193:"The International Date Line and 6915:This is the reason given by most 4544:about 300 BCE and was adopted by 4499: 4389: 3868: 3865:are read together or separately. 3730:, but only 14 of them are valid. 3122:the date rather than follow it. 2817:used to keep the Hebrew calendar 2699:Normally the 12th month is named 13064:Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day) 13059:Yom HaAtzmaut (Independence Day) 12742: 12729: 12728: 11065: 11064: 11054: 9604: 9587: 9574: 9561: 9470: 9452: 9420: 9404: 9372: 9318: 9305: 9273: 9221: 9208: 9191: 9178: 9160: 9142: 9131: 9083: 9070: 9056: 9043: 9018: 9005: 8992: 8979: 8965: 8951: 8937: 8912: 8874: 8842: 8826: 8810: 8794: 8778: 8762: 8746: 8730: 8714: 8694: 7070: 7061: 7052: 6723: 6256:According to normative Judaism, 6246:destruction of the Second Temple 6106:According to some Christian and 5294: 4700: 3346:Rosh Hashanah postponement rules 3145:on 25 Elul AM 1, based upon the 2694:Rosh Hashanah postponement rules 2314: 2287:Rosh Hashanah postponement rules 112: 13589:English and British regnal year 10917:English and British regnal year 9805:TorahCalc.com: Molad Calculator 9636: 9618:Vol. 1, Weber, Bonn, 1832, p. 7 9558:. Leiden: Brill, 2008, pp.16-20 8703:, 16th ed., Floyd Nolan Jones, 8640: 8625: 8610: 8591: 8576: 8549: 8531: 8518: 8491: 8464: 8453: 8442: 8427: 8400: 8388: 8349: 8321: 8265: 8254: 8243: 8193: 8184: 8167:"The Rectified Hebrew Calendar" 8092: 8065: 8037: 8014: 7995: 7969: 7944: 7889: 7860: 7838: 7683: 7671: 7650: 7637: 7624: 7597: 7564:Chronology of the Old Testament 7531: 7517: 7503: 7488: 7477: 7437: 7414: 7401: 7382: 7371: 7302: 7291: 7277: 7265: 7112:, p. 70; see also Talmud, 7043: 7034: 7025: 6996: 6986: 6976: 6963: 6947: 6938: 6909: 6900: 6871: 6858: 6849: 6839: 6829: 6804: 6186:counting was used, at least in 6158:Past methods of numbering years 4659: 4232:shows that during 39% of years 3385: 3259: 3161:Missing years (Jewish calendar) 2776:since the creation of the world 2022:Days of week on Hebrew calendar 1753:in which the world is created. 1139:List of Jews in the visual arts 13367: 13023:Rosh Hashanah LeMa'sar Behemah 12650:Relations with other religions 9380:Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi 9093:(New Series), 40(2), 1949–50. 8328:David Lev (23 December 2012). 7610:. OUP Oxford. pp. 87–89. 7464:Sanctification of the New Moon 7407:Talmud, Rosh Hashana 21a; see 7256: 7212: 7191:Roth, Willie (March 1, 2002). 7184: 7166: 7146: 7119: 6864:In which the letters refer to 6781: 6460:Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi 6251: 6102:Past methods of dividing years 5419: 4972:Late Antiquity and Middle Ages 4596:Implications for Jewish ritual 3914:Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi 3603: 3484:ritual could not be performed. 2769: 1498:: "in the year of the world"; 1252:Jewish athletes and Yom Kippur 13: 1: 13702:Old Style and New Style dates 12637:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 9864: 9793:Illustrating the "Four Gates" 9395:رسالة في إستخراج تأريخ اليهود 8395:What Is the Bible’s Calendar? 8034:on page 200 at the far right. 7799:(2nd ed.). Hermon Press. 7083: 5723:Named for the Babylonian god 3801:), or complete (C, "ש", from 3037: 2742:. Similarly, the holidays of 2722:Justification for leap months 2682: 1513: 1430:. It determines the dates of 1144:List of Jewish film directors 13654:Pre-Julian / Julian 13054:Yom HaZikaron (Memorial Day) 12568:Leo Baeck Institute New York 12563:American Sephardi Federation 9815:Hebcal Hebrew Date Converter 9532:www.israelite-samaritans.com 8504:. Mohr Siebeck. p. 99. 8087:Astronomical cuneiform texts 6281:Trumpeting Place inscription 5434:Jewish Museum of Switzerland 4221: 2798:while Passover is on Tuesday 1600:Zmanim § Relative hours 7: 13887:Geological history of Earth 13757:Astronomical year numbering 11391:Constantinopolitan Karaites 9729:. Oxford University Press. 9657:Sherrard Beaumont Burnaby. 9449:. Retrieved March 14, 2013. 9385: 7238:Hebrew Union College Annual 6955: 6953:In the Four Gates sources ( 6716: 6573:, and especially since the 6474:(creation of Adam) and the 6464:19-year intercalation cycle 5862:First month of civil year. 5506:-speaking countries of the 5440:Biblical references to the 5432:. In the collection of the 4508:" (astronomically called a 4494: 4483: 4228: 3838: 3817: 3797: 3777: 3561: 3552: 3543: 3517: 3501: 3449: 3443: 3428: 3418: 3149:. Thus, adding 3760 before 2906: 2819:aligned with the solar year 1741: 1434:and other rituals, such as 1410: 10: 14226: 12925:Yom tov sheni shel galuyot 12619:National Library of Israel 11260:Zionism, race and genetics 9502:www.thesamaritanupdate.com 9415:Sanctification of the Moon 8105:, Vol 24, 1980, pp. 97–109 7976:Poznanski, Samuel (1910). 6919:authorities, based on the 6671:from the Jewish colony at 6632: 6626: 6370: 6367:The fixing of the calendar 6283:, a stone (2.43×1 m) with 5401: 5358:After the creation of the 3830:(1 3 5 7; Hebrew: א ג ה ז) 3757:(2 3 5 7; Hebrew: ב ג ה ז) 3268: 3041: 2671:30 days more in leap years 2615:30 January to 28 February 2593:31 December to 29 January 2571:2 December to 31 December 2236: 2019: 1726: 1597: 1522: 1508:Genesis creation narrative 1242:Jewish Sports Hall of Fame 14141: 14125: 14109: 14067: 14059:Thermoluminescence dating 13977: 13966: 13954:Samarium–neodymium dating 13921: 13900: 13874: 13865: 13827: 13765: 13720: 13684: 13653: 13644: 13607: 13569: 13448: 13423: 13375: 13262: 13205: 13132: 13097: 13069:Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) 13035: 12943: 12867: 12839: 12818: 12803: 12717: 12573:Yeshiva University Museum 12553:Center for Jewish History 12543: 12408: 12280: 12154: 12048: 11579: 11198: 11140: 11122: 11050: 10991: 10855: 10809: 10798: 10768: 10725: 10660: 10463: 10409: 10376: 9970: 9959: 9898: 9872: 9778:Aish.com: Jewish Calendar 9433:, Vol. 17, pp. 1–7. 9315:, Keter, Jerusalem, 1971. 9049:James B. Pritchard, ed., 8919:Scherman, Nosson (2005). 8471:Hachlili, Rachel (2013). 7951:Bushwick, Nathan (1989). 7588:. From the 11th century, 7142:– via Google Books. 7132:. John Wiley & Sons. 7126:Kurzweil, Arthur (2011). 6065: 6055: 6036: 5995: 5958: 5915: 5870: 5808: 5775: 5734: 5693: 5656: 5611: 5563: 4548:(2nd century BCE) and by 4256: 4253: 4185: 4183: 4144: 4079: 4070: 4068: 4027: 3988: 3939: 3934: 3781:), regular (R, "כ", from 3632: 3599: 3394:Proleptic Julian calendar 2679: 2665: 2635:31 January to 12 February 2549:3 November to 2 December 2504:4 September to 4 October 2353: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2305:, but years are based on 2297:The Hebrew calendar is a 2292: 315:Jewish diaspora languages 13773:Chinese sexagenary cycle 12798:holidays and observances 11165:Ancient Israel and Judah 9495:"The Samaritan Calendar" 7693:Calendrical Calculations 6774: 6629:Qumran calendrical texts 5871:מַרְחֶשְׁוָן / מרחשוון 5500:Levantine solar calendar 4859:10th century BCE–587 BCE 4849:10th century BCE–720 BCE 4803:Ancient Israel and Judah 4790:Late Bronze Age collapse 4654: 2901: 2853:, a blessing on the sun: 2568:4 November to 3 December 2526:4 October to 3 November 2523:5 September to 5 October 2482:6 August to 5 September 2016:Days of week of holidays 1985:Genesis creation account 1916:Yom Hamishi (יום חמישי) 1872:Yom Shlishi (יום שלישי) 1722: 1593: 13987:Amino acid racemisation 11541:North African Sephardim 11514:Jewish tribes of Arabia 9985:Assamese (Bhāshkarābda) 9682:William Moses Feldman. 9327:, "Calendar (Jewish)", 9284:Jewish Quarterly Review 9230:Jewish Quarterly Review 9091:Jewish Quarterly Review 8647:Jones, Stephen (1996). 8498:Ulfgard, Håkan (1998). 8115:Richards, E. G (1998). 8021:Schram, Robert (1908). 7378:Which is the true Adar? 6744:Chronology of the Bible 5502:(currently used in the 4829:12th–10th centuries BCE 4249:Incidence (percentage) 3575:greatest common divisor 3141:the traditional Jewish 2985:ecclesiastical new year 2789:This year has 383 days, 2658:11 February to 13 March 2652:(Adar II in leap years) 2612:1 January to 30 January 2590:3 December to 1 January 2546:5 October to 4 November 2501:7 August to 6 September 2253:, in leap years) to 29 2238:*Postponed from Shabbat 1911:to sunset on Wednesday 1822:Yom Rishon (יום ראשון) 1572:International Date Line 1518: 1351:Category:Jewish culture 1149:Jews in American cinema 13992:Archaeomagnetic dating 13504:Era of Caesar (Iberia) 13256:religion and mythology 12854:Ten Days of Repentance 12644:Holocaust Encyclopedia 12614:Jewish Virtual Library 11016:Dungeons & Dragons 10422:Ethiopian and Eritrean 9464:www.karaite-korner.org 8477:. Brill. p. 342. 8025: 6288: 6231: 6192:Books of the Maccabees 6138:), while the southern 6125: 5437: 4672:In contemporary Israel 4416:(TM1) and the Tishrei 4241:is later than that of 3940:Year of 19-year cycle 3735: 3392:, 6 October 3761 BCE ( 3265:Leap year calculations 3114: 3106: 3067: 3061: 2977: 2926: 2767: 2629:I (only in leap years) 1977:to sunset on Saturday 1960:Yom Shabbat (יום שבת) 1938:Yom Shishi (יום שישי) 1933:to sunset on Thursday 1894:Yom Revii (יום רביעי) 1488: 1225:List of Jews in sports 35: 13892:Geological time units 12886:Fast of the Firstborn 12591:Encyclopaedia Judaica 12373:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 11558:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 11308:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 11028:The Lord of the Rings 10735:Hanke–Henry Permanent 9725:Stern, Sacha (2001). 9663:Internet Archive link 9630:, pp. 87–97, 146–153. 9599:Internet Archive link 9313:Encyclopaedia Judaica 9067:evidence is invalid." 8972:Hebrew-English Bible, 8958:Hebrew-English Bible, 8944:Hebrew-English Bible, 8171:University of Toronto 7538:Hebrew-English Bible, 7524:Hebrew-English Bible, 7510:Hebrew-English Bible, 7495:Hebrew-English Bible, 7284:Hebrew-English Bible, 7159:; regarding Shabbat ( 7129:The Torah For Dummies 6799:http://www.hebcal.com 6688:Sardica paschal table 6598:Samaritan High Priest 6415:(died 1038 CE), that 6278: 6212: 6120: 5809:תִּשְׁרֵי / תִּשְׁרִי 5719:Seventeenth of Tammuz 5473:(seventh month), and 5427: 5215:Historical literature 5210:Historical population 5172:Arab–Israeli conflict 3630:Day of Rosh HaShanah 3592:seconds (905 parts). 3435:דְחִיַּת מוֹלָד זָקֵן 3306:, taken as exactly 29 3090:creation of the world 3051: 2953: 2914: 2762: 2661:11 March to 10 April 2104:(only in leap years) 1889:to sunset on Tuesday 1727:Further information: 1555:) or else nightfall ( 1525:Zmanim § Evening 1442:public Torah readings 33: 13944:Law of superposition 13939:Isotope geochemistry 12988:Counting of the Omer 11170:Second Temple period 9571:130, 159–171 (2000). 8850:Hebrew-English Bible 8834:Hebrew-English Bible 8818:Hebrew-English Bible 8802:Hebrew-English Bible 8786:Hebrew-English Bible 8770:Hebrew-English Bible 8754:Hebrew-English Bible 8738:Hebrew-English Bible 8722:Hebrew-English Bible 8632:Hebrew-English Bible 8617:Hebrew-English Bible 8598:Hebrew-English Bible 8583:Hebrew-English Bible 8556:Hebrew-English Bible 8089:, Vol 1, pp. 271–273 7444:Hebrew-English Bible 6895:19 equal temperament 6118:stated that while – 6114:In the 1st century, 6056:Only in Leap years. 5449:Babylonian captivity 5187:Iran–Israel conflict 5050:Kingdom of Jerusalem 5031:Early Islamic period 5005:Byzantine Palaestina 4883:Second Temple period 4664:While imprisoned in 3857:also determines the 3518:deḥiyyat BeTUTeKaPoT 3444:deḥiyyah molad zaken 3429:deḥiyyat molad zaken 3271:Golden number (time) 3235:Second Temple Period 2669:354 (or 353 or 355) 2638:1 March to 12 March 2391:12 March to 11 April 1955:to sunset on Friday 1867:to sunset on Monday 1850:Yom Sheni (יום שני) 1712:); for example, the 1440:and the schedule of 1230:Association football 569:Crossing the Red Sea 14210:Lunisolar calendars 14077:Fluorine absorption 14054:Luminescence dating 13949:Luminescence dating 13857:Milankovitch cycles 13697:Proleptic Gregorian 13529:Hindu units of time 13197:Adar and Adar Sheni 12608:Jewish Encyclopedia 12353:Hekhalot literature 12164:Religious movements 11699:Judeo-Tripolitanian 10740:International Fixed 10678:Proleptic Gregorian 10299:Slavic Native Faith 9526:Benyamim, Tzedaka. 9480:. 24 February 2016. 9348:Scripta Mathematica 9258:, pp. 216–217. 9152:1:2, pp. 70b. Text: 8261:צ'ק עם תאריך עברי?! 8004:Scripta Mathematica 7978:"Calendar (Jewish)" 7934:al-Biruni (1879) , 7433:Deuteronomy 16:9,13 7022:and noon on Monday. 6792:Hebrew year/rhdatum 6623:The Qumran calendar 5519: 5496:Babylonian calendar 4577:Metonic cycle drift 4528:, which equals the 4250: 3931: 3895:(3 6 8 11 14 17 19) 3524:דְחִיַּת בט״ו תקפ״ט 3153:or 3761 after to a 2933:, the first day of 2873:sabbatical (shmita) 2830:It is a leap year. 2460:7 July to 6 August 2394:10 April to 10 May 1817:English equivalent 1729:Week § Judaism 1477:several other rules 1414:), also called the 619:Gathering of Israel 297:Judeo-Tripolitanian 14179:Terminus post quem 14159:Synchronoptic view 14126:Linguistic methods 14087:Obsidian hydration 14022:Radiometric dating 14007:Incremental dating 13929:Chronostratigraphy 12749:Judaism portal 12685:Jews and Halloween 12680:Jews and Christmas 12070:Rabbinic authority 11822:Judaeo-Piedmontese 11255:Xueta Christianity 11160:Origins of Judaism 11127:Outline of Judaism 10410:Christian variants 9696:Edward M. Reingold 9649:Culture and Cosmos 9612:Chronicon Paschale 9580:Lester L. Grabbe, 9554:Jonathan Ben-Dov. 9024:Babylonian Talmud 8280:"Yedioth Ahronoth" 8225:Yad Vashem Studies 7470:2010-06-21 at the 6933:lunar conjunctions 6812:Gregorian calendar 6605:Children of Israel 6587:Samaritan calendar 6382:Samuel of Nehardea 6289: 6066:אֲדָר / אֲדָר ב׳* 5547:Babylonian analog 5517: 5438: 5364:Gregorian calendar 4902:Hellenistic period 4716:Prehistoric Levant 4530:mean synodic month 4518:ecliptic longitude 4512:and, in Hebrew, a 4248: 3954:3 6 8 11 14 17 19 3923: 3607:Days in year -> 3062: 2945:", and so on. The 2927: 2479:8 July to 7 August 2413:11 April to 11 May 2299:lunisolar calendar 2245:The period from 1 1626:(parts, singular: 1446:Gregorian calendar 1420:lunisolar calendar 1400:הַלּוּחַ הָעִבְרִי 1187:Biblical cosmology 1114:Ancient Jewish art 863:Valley of the ants 599:Conquest of Canaan 539:Sodom and Gomorrah 36: 14192: 14191: 14105: 14104: 13962: 13961: 13823: 13822: 13778:Geologic Calendar 13640: 13639: 13335: 13334: 13322:Wheel of the Year 13218: 13217: 13031: 13030: 12758: 12757: 12724:extinct languages 12625:YIVO Encyclopedia 12400:Hebrew literature 12368:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 12208:Reconstructionist 11886:Judaeo-Portuguese 11575: 11574: 11531:Eastern Sephardim 11175:Synagogal Judaism 11078: 11077: 11060:List of calendars 10987: 10986: 10686:historiographical 10553:French Republican 10459: 10458: 10217:Manipuri (Meitei) 9700:Nachum Dershowitz 9668:Nathan Bushwick. 9593:Eduard Schwartz, 9280:Poznanski, Samuel 9199:Adversus Haereses 9138:Rosh Hashanah 20b 8709:978-0-89051-416-0 8539:"Hebrew Calendar" 8383:978-0-8028-4278-7 8130:978-0-19-286205-1 7990:limits, Qebi'oth 7828:Babylonian Talmud 7761:Tur, Orach Chaim 7574:978-1-61458-210-6 7484:Rosh Hashanah 1:1 7273:Zmanim: Jerusalem 7207:on July 18, 2011. 6877:Intervals of the 6810:In contrast, the 6317:According to the 6295:contains several 6235:anno mundi system 6132:Kingdom of Israel 6099: 6098: 5599:and Nisan in the 5512:Assyrian calendar 5510:) and the modern 5489:Northwest Semitic 5335: 5334: 5301:Israel portal 5150: 5095: 5078: 5077: 4963: 4962: 4953:Jewish-Roman Wars 4912:Hasmonean dynasty 4873: 4872: 4845:Kingdom of Israel 4770: 4720: 4510:lunar conjunction 4387: 4386: 4219: 4218: 3893:; and leap years 3846:and the left for 3815: 3795: 3775: 3723: 3722: 3472:does not fall on 3456:דְחִיַּת לֹא אד״ו 3364:lunar conjunction 3215:("small cycle"). 3147:Seder Olam Rabbah 2998:1 Tishrei is the 2898: 2897: 2878: 2856: 2841:According to the 2824: 2809:According to the 2690: 2689: 2686: 2438:8 June to 8 July 2363: 2243: 2242: 2239: 2197:Tue, Wed, or Thu 2194:Wed, Thu, or Fri 1998:The seventh day, 1981: 1980: 1733:The Hebrew week ( 1557:tzait ha'kochavim 1457:extra lunar month 1408: 1388: 1387: 1280:Ancient Israelite 1124:Judeo-Tat theatre 639:David and Goliath 91: 90: 87: 16:(Redirected from 14217: 14184:ASPRO chronology 14133:Glottochronology 14049:Tephrochronology 13997:Dendrochronology 13975: 13974: 13872: 13871: 13671:Proleptic Julian 13661:Pre-Julian Roman 13651: 13650: 13446: 13445: 13362: 13355: 13348: 13339: 13338: 13245: 13238: 13231: 13222: 13221: 12870:Three Pilgrimage 12816: 12815: 12785: 12778: 12771: 12762: 12761: 12747: 12746: 12745: 12732: 12731: 11864:Judeo-Golpaygani 11465:Palestinian Jews 11440:Alexandrian Jews 11396:Crimean Karaites 11313:Unterlander Jews 11266: 11265: 11180:Rabbinic Judaism 11105: 11098: 11091: 11082: 11081: 11068: 11067: 11058: 11057: 10922:Human (Holocene) 10907:Chinese Imperial 10807: 10806: 10727:Reform proposals 10682:Proleptic Julian 10444:Eastern Orthodox 10074:Germanic heathen 10052:Earthly Branches 9968: 9967: 9859: 9852: 9845: 9836: 9835: 9740: 9631: 9625: 9619: 9608: 9602: 9591: 9585: 9578: 9572: 9565: 9559: 9552: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9523: 9514: 9513: 9511: 9509: 9499: 9491: 9482: 9481: 9474: 9468: 9467: 9456: 9450: 9424: 9418: 9408: 9402: 9401:(date uncertain) 9400: 9396: 9388: 9376: 9370: 9369:, VII: 362, 365. 9365:"al-Khwarizmi", 9363: 9354: 9344: 9335: 9332:, vol. 3, p. 118 9325:Samuel Poznanski 9322: 9316: 9309: 9303: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9225: 9219: 9212: 9206: 9195: 9189: 9182: 9176: 9175: 9174: 9164: 9158: 9157: 9156: 9146: 9140: 9135: 9129: 9123: 9114: 9087: 9081: 9074: 9068: 9060: 9054: 9047: 9041: 9035: 9029: 9022: 9016: 9009: 9003: 8996: 8990: 8983: 8977: 8969: 8963: 8955: 8949: 8941: 8935: 8934: 8916: 8910: 8903: 8894: 8893: 8878: 8872: 8854:1 Maccabees 1:54 8846: 8840: 8830: 8824: 8814: 8808: 8798: 8792: 8782: 8776: 8766: 8760: 8750: 8744: 8734: 8728: 8718: 8712: 8698: 8692: 8675: 8666: 8659: 8653: 8652: 8644: 8638: 8629: 8623: 8614: 8608: 8595: 8589: 8580: 8574: 8553: 8547: 8546: 8545:on 21 July 2019. 8541:. Archived from 8535: 8529: 8522: 8516: 8515: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8468: 8462: 8457: 8451: 8446: 8440: 8431: 8425: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8386: 8372: 8359: 8353: 8347: 8346: 8344: 8342: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8276: 8269: 8263: 8258: 8252: 8247: 8241: 8240: 8220: 8209: 8208: 8197: 8191: 8188: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8162: 8153: 8151:למועד חודש האביב 8148: 8135: 8134: 8122: 8112: 8106: 8096: 8090: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8069: 8063: 8058: 8047: 8041: 8035: 8032: 8028: 8018: 8012: 8011: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7931: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7904: 7898: 7893: 7887: 7880: 7871: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7842: 7836: 7825: 7816: 7815: 7807: 7801: 7800: 7792: 7786: 7785: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7756: 7750: 7749: 7743: 7735: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7704: 7698: 7697: 7687: 7681: 7675: 7669: 7654: 7648: 7641: 7635: 7628: 7622: 7621: 7601: 7595: 7594: 7558: 7547: 7535: 7529: 7521: 7515: 7507: 7501: 7492: 7486: 7481: 7475: 7457: 7451: 7441: 7435: 7418: 7412: 7411:for elaboration. 7409:למועד חודש האביב 7405: 7399: 7397:למועד חודש האביב 7389:Deuteronomy 16:1 7386: 7380: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7352: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7326: 7313: 7306: 7300: 7298:Jastrow: שַׁבָּת 7295: 7289: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7233: 7227: 7216: 7210: 7208: 7203:. Archived from 7188: 7182: 7181: 7170: 7164: 7150: 7144: 7143: 7123: 7117: 7096: 7077: 7074: 7068: 7065: 7059: 7056: 7050: 7047: 7041: 7038: 7032: 7029: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7016: 7011: 7010: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6990: 6984: 6980: 6974: 6967: 6961: 6958: 6951: 6945: 6942: 6936: 6913: 6907: 6904: 6898: 6875: 6869: 6862: 6856: 6853: 6847: 6843: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6820:Islamic calendar 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6785: 6759:Jewish astrology 6754:Hebrew astronomy 6733: 6728: 6727: 6726: 6641:Dead Sea Scrolls 6553:rabbinic Judaism 6524:Karaite calendar 6518:Rabbinic Judaism 6394:Jerusalem Talmud 6305: 6304: 6140:Kingdom of Judah 6080: 6069: 6067: 6038: 5997: 5960: 5917: 5916:כִּסְלֵו / כסליו 5872: 5837: 5810: 5777: 5736: 5695: 5658: 5613: 5582: 5565: 5520: 5516: 5508:Fertile Crescent 5467:(second month), 5393: 5392: 5327: 5320: 5313: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5220:Economic history 5148: 5093: 5070:Mamluk Sultanate 4995:Syria Palaestina 4976: 4975: 4922:Herodian dynasty 4888: 4887: 4855:Kingdom of Judah 4839:10th century BCE 4808: 4807: 4769: 4719: 4704: 4694: 4676: 4675: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4251: 4247: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4215: 4204: 4190: 4176: 4165: 4149: 4135: 4124: 4108: 4098: 4084: 4077: 4061: 4050: 4034: 4020: 4009: 3993: 3981: 3970: 3932: 3922: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3780: 3770: 3768: 3758: 3755:, Rosh Hashanah 3754: 3746: 3738: 3604: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3564: 3555: 3546: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3502:deḥiyyat GaTaRaD 3458: 3457: 3452: 3446: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3421: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3289: 3288: 3198: 3196: 3195: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3171: 3143:date of Creation 3117: 3111: 3070: 2868: 2838: 2806: 2770: 2680: 2540:(or Marcheshvan) 2457:9 June to 9 July 2435:10 May to 9 June 2416:9 May to 8 June 2359: 2342: 2341: 2237: 2029: 2028: 2011: 2010: 1967: 1966: 1945: 1944: 1923: 1922: 1901: 1900: 1879: 1878: 1857: 1856: 1829: 1828: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1787: 1786: 1764:) and ends with 1747:seven-day period 1744: 1738: 1737: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1674:of a Babylonian 1673: 1672: 1668: 1655: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1505: 1493: 1413: 1403: 1401: 1380: 1373: 1366: 589:Ten Commandments 116: 93: 92: 86: 38: 37: 21: 14225: 14224: 14220: 14219: 14218: 14216: 14215: 14214: 14205:Hebrew calendar 14195: 14194: 14193: 14188: 14137: 14121: 14117:Molecular clock 14110:Genetic methods 14101: 14082:Nitrogen dating 14069:Relative dating 14063: 14032:Potassium–argon 13979:Absolute dating 13969: 13958: 13917: 13896: 13861: 13837:Cosmic Calendar 13829:Astronomic time 13819: 13761: 13716: 13680: 13666:Original Julian 13636: 13603: 13565: 13464:Ab urbe condita 13442: 13419: 13371: 13366: 13336: 13331: 13258: 13249: 13219: 13214: 13201: 13128: 13104: 13102: 13093: 13042: 13039: 13027: 13003:The Three Weeks 12953:Fast of Gedalia 12939: 12913:Shemini Atzeret 12874: 12871: 12863: 12835: 12831:Special Shabbat 12812: 12809: 12807: 12799: 12789: 12759: 12754: 12743: 12741: 12713: 12539: 12404: 12276: 12150: 12044: 11859:Judeo-Borujerdi 11834:Judeo-Malayalam 11780:Judeo-Aragonese 11751:Lishanid Noshan 11583: 11571: 11303:Oberlander Jews 11264: 11194: 11136: 11118: 11109: 11079: 11074: 11046: 10983: 10937:Nirayana system 10863:Ab urbe condita 10851: 10803: 10801: 10794: 10773: 10771: 10764: 10721: 10672:anthropological 10656: 10455: 10439:Liturgical year 10405: 10372: 9964: 9962: 9955: 9894: 9868: 9863: 9801: 9799:Date converters 9764: 9759: 9737: 9639: 9634: 9626: 9622: 9609: 9605: 9592: 9588: 9579: 9575: 9566: 9562: 9553: 9546: 9536: 9534: 9524: 9517: 9507: 9505: 9497: 9493: 9492: 9485: 9476: 9475: 9471: 9458: 9457: 9453: 9439:10.2307/3622160 9425: 9421: 9409: 9405: 9377: 9373: 9364: 9357: 9345: 9338: 9323: 9319: 9310: 9306: 9300:10.2307/1450611 9278: 9274: 9266: 9262: 9242:10.2307/1452134 9226: 9222: 9213: 9209: 9196: 9192: 9183: 9179: 9165: 9161: 9147: 9143: 9136: 9132: 9124: 9117: 9107:10.2307/1452961 9088: 9084: 9075: 9071: 9061: 9057: 9048: 9044: 9036: 9032: 9023: 9019: 9010: 9006: 8997: 8993: 8984: 8980: 8970: 8966: 8956: 8952: 8942: 8938: 8931: 8917: 8913: 8906:Avodah Zarah 9a 8904: 8897: 8886:www.sefaria.org 8880: 8879: 8875: 8847: 8843: 8831: 8827: 8815: 8811: 8799: 8795: 8783: 8779: 8767: 8763: 8751: 8747: 8735: 8731: 8719: 8715: 8699: 8695: 8691:, 9780825438257 8676: 8669: 8660: 8656: 8649:Secrets of Time 8645: 8641: 8630: 8626: 8615: 8611: 8596: 8592: 8581: 8577: 8554: 8550: 8537: 8536: 8532: 8523: 8519: 8512: 8496: 8492: 8485: 8469: 8465: 8458: 8454: 8447: 8443: 8432: 8428: 8405: 8401: 8393: 8389: 8373: 8362: 8354: 8350: 8340: 8338: 8326: 8322: 8313: 8306: 8299: 8292: 8285: 8278: 8271: 8270: 8266: 8259: 8255: 8248: 8244: 8221: 8212: 8199: 8198: 8194: 8189: 8185: 8175: 8173: 8165:Bromberg, Irv. 8163: 8156: 8149: 8138: 8131: 8113: 8109: 8097: 8093: 8084: 8080: 8071: 8070: 8066: 8059: 8050: 8042: 8038: 8019: 8015: 8000: 7996: 7982:Hastings, James 7974: 7970: 7963: 7949: 7945: 7932: 7923: 7913: 7911: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7894: 7890: 7881: 7874: 7865: 7861: 7851: 7849: 7843: 7839: 7826: 7819: 7814:(3rd ed.). 7808: 7804: 7793: 7789: 7776: 7772: 7758: 7757: 7753: 7737: 7736: 7720: 7716: 7705: 7701: 7688: 7684: 7676: 7672: 7664:(2017), 95-137 7655: 7651: 7643:B. Zuckermann, 7642: 7638: 7629: 7625: 7618: 7602: 7598: 7575: 7559: 7550: 7536: 7532: 7527:Leviticus 23:24 7522: 7518: 7508: 7504: 7493: 7489: 7482: 7478: 7472:Wayback Machine 7458: 7454: 7442: 7438: 7429:Leviticus 23:39 7419: 7415: 7406: 7402: 7387: 7383: 7376: 7372: 7353: 7346: 7336: 7334: 7327: 7316: 7307: 7303: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7278: 7270: 7266: 7261: 7257: 7234: 7230: 7217: 7213: 7189: 7185: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7153:Leviticus 23:32 7151: 7147: 7140: 7124: 7120: 7097: 7090: 7086: 7081: 7080: 7075: 7071: 7066: 7062: 7057: 7053: 7048: 7044: 7039: 7035: 7030: 7026: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6977: 6968: 6964: 6952: 6948: 6943: 6939: 6914: 6910: 6905: 6901: 6876: 6872: 6866:Hebrew numerals 6863: 6859: 6854: 6850: 6844: 6840: 6834: 6830: 6809: 6805: 6794: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6777: 6729: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6665: 6637: 6631: 6625: 6589: 6571:State of Israel 6526: 6514: 6512:Other calendars 6398:Shimon ben Pazi 6375: 6369: 6352:Jewish diaspora 6273: 6254: 6228: 6222: 6160: 6104: 6075: 6064: 6012: 6010: 5937: 5932: 5930: 5907:in Kings 6:38. 5892: 5887: 5883: 5861: 5850: 5848:Shemini Atzeret 5846: 5842: 5838: 5833: 5762: 5639: 5612:אִיָּר / אִייָר 5580: 5551: 5540: 5481:Canaanite names 5461:(first month), 5422: 5409: 5407:Early formation 5404: 5360:State of Israel 5331: 5295: 5293: 5288: 5287: 5273:Hebrew calendar 5258: 5250: 5249: 5205:Historical maps 5200: 5192: 5191: 5145:State of Israel 5131:British Mandate 5088: 5080: 5079: 5060:Ayyubid dynasty 4984:Rabbinic period 4973: 4965: 4964: 4885: 4875: 4874: 4865:Babylonian rule 4835:United Monarchy 4805: 4795: 4794: 4712: 4692: 4685: 4674: 4662: 4657: 4614:Shemini Atzeret 4598: 4587: 4583: 4582: 4579: 4539: 4535: 4502: 4497: 4486: 4445: 4441: 4440: 4434: 4430: 4429: 4392: 4242: 4238: 4233: 4224: 4213: 4202: 4188: 4174: 4163: 4147: 4133: 4122: 4106: 4096: 4082: 4075: 4059: 4048: 4032: 4018: 4007: 3991: 3979: 3968: 3936: 3929:Table of Limits 3909: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3871: 3847: 3843: 3829: 3825: 3756: 3752: 3602: 3588: 3584: 3581: 3579: 3534: 3478:candle lighting 3450:deḥiyyat lo ADU 3380: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3348: 3340:Gregorian years 3326: 3322: 3321: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3273: 3267: 3262: 3205: 3203:Cycles of years 3190: 3180: 3155:Julian calendar 3046: 3040: 2983:1 Nisan is the 2909: 2904: 2899: 2892: 2883: 2877: 2861: 2855: 2831: 2829: 2823: 2815:(Metonic) cycle 2799: 2797: 2792: 2790: 2781: 2779: 2760:(1178), notes: 2724: 2683:§ New year 2670: 2361: 2360:Ecclesiastical/ 2326:Karaite Judaism 2295: 2283:Shemini Atzeret 2103: 2086: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2055: 2047: 2040: 2024: 2018: 1987:. For example, 1780:numerical value 1751:Book of Genesis 1731: 1725: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1652: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1633: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1606: 1596: 1570:Instead of the 1561:bein hashmashot 1527: 1521: 1516: 1432:Jewish holidays 1422:used today for 1416:Jewish calendar 1411:halLūaḥ hāʿĪḇrī 1392:Hebrew calendar 1384: 1355: 1337: 1336: 1335: 1315: 1314: 1301: 1300: 1299: 1274: 1273: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1247:Maccabiah Games 1219: 1218: 1203: 1202: 1201: 1171: 1170: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1119:Yiddish theatre 1108: 1107: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1050: 1049: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1007: 1006: 991: 990: 989: 975:Medieval Hebrew 885: 884: 869: 868: 867: 716:Jewish folklore 504:Forbidden Fruit 463: 462: 447: 446: 445: 431:Judeo-Malayalam 239:Lishanid Noshan 132: 131: 71: 55: 28: 23: 22: 18:Jewish calendar 15: 12: 11: 5: 14223: 14213: 14212: 14207: 14190: 14189: 14187: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14154:New Chronology 14151: 14145: 14143: 14142:Related topics 14139: 14138: 14136: 14135: 14129: 14127: 14123: 14122: 14120: 14119: 14113: 14111: 14107: 14106: 14103: 14102: 14100: 14099: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14079: 14073: 14071: 14065: 14064: 14062: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14045: 14044: 14039: 14034: 14029: 14019: 14017:Paleomagnetism 14014: 14009: 14004: 13999: 13994: 13989: 13983: 13981: 13972: 13964: 13963: 13960: 13959: 13957: 13956: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13925: 13923: 13919: 13918: 13916: 13915: 13910: 13904: 13902: 13898: 13897: 13895: 13894: 13889: 13884: 13878: 13876: 13869: 13863: 13862: 13860: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13833: 13831: 13825: 13824: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13817: 13815:New Earth Time 13812: 13807: 13806: 13805: 13800: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13769: 13767: 13763: 13762: 13760: 13759: 13754: 13744: 13739: 13724: 13722: 13718: 13717: 13715: 13714: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13694: 13688: 13686: 13682: 13681: 13679: 13678: 13676:Revised Julian 13673: 13668: 13663: 13657: 13655: 13648: 13642: 13641: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13634: 13629: 13624: 13619: 13613: 13611: 13605: 13604: 13602: 13601: 13596: 13594:Lists of kings 13591: 13586: 13584:Canon of Kings 13581: 13575: 13573: 13567: 13566: 13564: 13563: 13562: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13536: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13511: 13509:Before present 13506: 13501: 13496: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13467: 13460: 13454: 13452: 13443: 13441: 13440: 13435: 13430: 13424: 13421: 13420: 13418: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13406: 13405: 13395: 13390: 13385: 13379: 13377: 13373: 13372: 13365: 13364: 13357: 13350: 13342: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13304: 13299: 13294: 13289: 13284: 13279: 13274: 13269: 13263: 13260: 13259: 13248: 13247: 13240: 13233: 13225: 13216: 13215: 13213: 13212: 13206: 13203: 13202: 13200: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13138: 13136: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13126: 13121: 13116: 13113: 13107: 13105: 13100:Israeli ethnic 13098: 13095: 13094: 13092: 13091: 13086: 13084:Jabotinsky Day 13081: 13076: 13074:Ben-Gurion Day 13071: 13066: 13061: 13056: 13051: 13045: 13043: 13038:Israeli public 13036: 13033: 13032: 13029: 13028: 13026: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12998:17th of Tammuz 12995: 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12973:Fast of Esther 12970: 12965: 12963:Tenth of Tevet 12960: 12955: 12950: 12944: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12921: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12908:Hoshana Rabbah 12900: 12895: 12894: 12893: 12888: 12877: 12875: 12868: 12865: 12864: 12862: 12861: 12856: 12851: 12845: 12843: 12841:High Holy Days 12837: 12836: 12834: 12833: 12828: 12822: 12820: 12813: 12804: 12801: 12800: 12788: 12787: 12780: 12773: 12765: 12756: 12755: 12753: 12752: 12738: 12718: 12715: 12714: 12712: 12711: 12710: 12709: 12708: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12691:non-Christian 12689: 12688: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12662: 12647: 12640: 12633: 12628: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12587: 12582: 12581: 12580: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12560: 12549: 12547: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12537: 12532: 12531: 12530: 12525: 12515: 12510: 12505: 12500: 12495: 12494: 12493: 12483: 12482: 12481: 12476: 12466: 12461: 12460: 12459: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12437: 12432: 12431: 12430: 12425: 12414: 12412: 12406: 12405: 12403: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12390:Shulchan Aruch 12387: 12386: 12385: 12380: 12378:Sefer Yetzirah 12375: 12370: 12365: 12360: 12358:Pardes Rimonim 12355: 12348:Kabbalah texts 12345: 12344: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12328: 12318: 12317: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12292: 12286: 12284: 12278: 12277: 12275: 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12244: 12239: 12238: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12226: 12225: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12194: 12193: 12188: 12187: 12186: 12181: 12160: 12158: 12152: 12151: 12149: 12148: 12143: 12141:Land of Israel 12138: 12137: 12136: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12115: 12114: 12104: 12099: 12094: 12093: 12092: 12082: 12077: 12072: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12054: 12052: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12042: 12037: 12036: 12035: 12034: 12033: 12028: 12027: 12026: 12019: 12017:Judeo-Alsatian 12009: 12008: 12007: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11955: 11950: 11945: 11944: 11943: 11938: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11882: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11869:Judeo-Hamedani 11866: 11861: 11856: 11846: 11844:Judaeo-Occitan 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11825: 11824: 11814: 11809: 11804: 11803: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11785:Jewish English 11782: 11777: 11776: 11775: 11774: 11773: 11763: 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11723: 11716:Judaeo-Aramaic 11713: 11712: 11711: 11706: 11704:Judeo-Tunisian 11701: 11696: 11694:Judeo-Moroccan 11691: 11690: 11689: 11687:Judeo-Baghdadi 11674: 11669: 11664: 11663: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11591: 11589: 11577: 11576: 11573: 11572: 11570: 11569: 11568: 11567: 11566: 11565: 11555: 11554: 11553: 11543: 11538: 11536:Livornese Jews 11533: 11523: 11518: 11517: 11516: 11506: 11505: 11504: 11503: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11427: 11426: 11425: 11415: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11399: 11398: 11393: 11383: 11378: 11377: 11376: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11355: 11354: 11349: 11339: 11338: 11337: 11332: 11322: 11321: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11283:Afrikaner-Jode 11274: 11272: 11263: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11251: 11250: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11204: 11202: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11146: 11144: 11138: 11137: 11135: 11134: 11129: 11123: 11120: 11119: 11108: 11107: 11100: 11093: 11085: 11076: 11075: 11073: 11072: 11062: 11051: 11048: 11047: 11045: 11044: 11032: 11020: 11008: 10995: 10993: 10989: 10988: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10976: 10975: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10959: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10912:Chinese Minguo 10909: 10904: 10902:Before Present 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10870: 10865: 10859: 10857: 10853: 10852: 10850: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10813: 10811: 10804: 10799: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10776: 10774: 10769: 10766: 10765: 10763: 10762: 10757: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10731: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10720: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10699: 10698: 10697: 10689: 10688: 10687: 10675: 10674: 10673: 10664: 10662: 10658: 10657: 10655: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10590: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10494: 10493: 10488: 10478: 10473: 10467: 10465: 10461: 10460: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10453: 10448: 10447: 10446: 10436: 10435: 10434: 10424: 10419: 10413: 10411: 10407: 10406: 10404: 10403: 10402: 10401: 10399:Calendar round 10396: 10386: 10380: 10378: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10330: 10329: 10328: 10323: 10313: 10308: 10307: 10306: 10301: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10270: 10269: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10248: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10188: 10187: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10161: 10160: 10155: 10145: 10144: 10143: 10135: 10134: 10133: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10113: 10108: 10103: 10102: 10101: 10096: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10070: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10057:Heavenly Stems 10054: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10028: 10027: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10010: 10002: 10001: 10000: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9971: 9965: 9960: 9957: 9956: 9954: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9876: 9874: 9870: 9869: 9862: 9861: 9854: 9847: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9827: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9795: 9790: 9785: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9763: 9762:External links 9760: 9758: 9757: 9748: 9741: 9736:978-0198270348 9735: 9722: 9717:Arthur Spier. 9715: 9693: 9687: 9680: 9666: 9655: 9640: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9632: 9620: 9603: 9586: 9573: 9560: 9544: 9515: 9483: 9469: 9451: 9419: 9403: 9371: 9355: 9336: 9317: 9304: 9272: 9260: 9236:(4): 329–370. 9220: 9207: 9190: 9177: 9159: 9141: 9130: 9115: 9082: 9069: 9055: 9042: 9030: 9017: 9004: 8991: 8978: 8964: 8950: 8936: 8929: 8911: 8895: 8873: 8841: 8825: 8809: 8793: 8777: 8761: 8745: 8729: 8713: 8693: 8677:Edwin Thiele, 8667: 8654: 8639: 8624: 8609: 8590: 8575: 8548: 8530: 8517: 8510: 8490: 8484:978-9004257733 8483: 8463: 8452: 8441: 8426: 8399: 8387: 8360: 8348: 8320: 8294:"Israel HaYom" 8287:"Makor Rishon" 8264: 8253: 8242: 8210: 8192: 8183: 8154: 8136: 8129: 8107: 8091: 8078: 8064: 8048: 8036: 8013: 7994: 7968: 7961: 7943: 7921: 7899: 7888: 7882:Weinberg, I., 7872: 7859: 7845:Landau, Remy. 7837: 7817: 7802: 7787: 7770: 7751: 7724:Sefer ha-Ibbur 7714: 7699: 7682: 7670: 7649: 7636: 7623: 7616: 7596: 7573: 7548: 7530: 7516: 7513:Leviticus 23:5 7502: 7487: 7476: 7452: 7436: 7413: 7400: 7381: 7370: 7344: 7314: 7301: 7290: 7276: 7264: 7255: 7228: 7211: 7183: 7165: 7161:Nehemiah 13:19 7145: 7138: 7118: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7069: 7060: 7051: 7042: 7033: 7024: 6995: 6985: 6975: 6962: 6946: 6937: 6908: 6906:UTC+02:20:56.9 6899: 6870: 6857: 6848: 6838: 6828: 6824:lunar calendar 6816:solar calendar 6803: 6779: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6772: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6749:Gezer calendar 6746: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6731:Judaism portal 6718: 6715: 6709:(south of the 6664: 6661: 6635:Enoch calendar 6627:Main article: 6624: 6621: 6609:Land of Israel 6588: 6585: 6525: 6522: 6513: 6510: 6483:Aaron ben Meïr 6437:Saul Lieberman 6406:Hoshana Rabbah 6368: 6365: 6272: 6269: 6253: 6250: 6188:Land of Israel 6159: 6156: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6073: 6070: 6062: 6058: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6014: 6007: 6002: 5999: 5993: 5989: 5988: 5986: 5984:Tenth of Tevet 5981: 5976: 5973: 5970: 5965: 5962: 5956: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5927: 5922: 5919: 5913: 5909: 5908: 5901: 5899: 5894: 5889: 5880: 5877: 5874: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5860:in Kings 8:2. 5854: 5831: 5826: 5823: 5818: 5815: 5812: 5806: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5797: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5782: 5779: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5757: 5752: 5749: 5746: 5741: 5738: 5732: 5728: 5727: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5708: 5705: 5700: 5697: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5663: 5660: 5657:סִיוָן / סיוון 5654: 5650: 5649: 5643: 5634: 5629: 5626: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5609: 5605: 5604: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5575: 5570: 5567: 5561: 5557: 5556: 5553: 5548: 5545: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5524: 5421: 5418: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5315: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5290: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5263:Jewish history 5259: 5256: 5255: 5252: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5245:Jewish warfare 5242: 5240:Jewish leaders 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5207: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5163: 5162: 5149:(1948–present) 5141: 5140: 5139: 5138: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5117: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5091:Modern history 5089: 5087:Modern history 5086: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5042: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5019: 5014: 5001: 5000: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4987: 4980:Late antiquity 4974: 4971: 4970: 4967: 4966: 4961: 4960: 4957: 4956: 4944: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4894: 4886: 4881: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4837: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4806: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4697: 4696: 4687: 4686: 4679: 4673: 4670: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4633: 4630: 4597: 4594: 4578: 4575: 4537: 4533: 4526:molad interval 4501: 4500:Molad interval 4498: 4496: 4493: 4485: 4482: 4464:s are needed. 4391: 4390:Worked example 4388: 4385: 4384: 4381: 4376: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4363: 4358: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4345: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4309: 4304: 4301: 4295: 4294: 4291: 4286: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4273: 4268: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4207: 4205: 4196: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4168: 4166: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4127: 4125: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4099: 4090: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4078: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4062: 4053: 4051: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4012: 4010: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3942: 3941: 3938: 3891:(2 5 10 13 16) 3870: 3869:The four gates 3867: 3834: 3833: 3822: 3759: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3700: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3623: 3620: 3617: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3601: 3598: 3578:of 50 minutes 3567: 3566: 3557: 3548: 3533: 3530: 3529: 3528: 3512: 3508:דְחִיַּת גטר״ד 3493: 3492: 3485: 3470:Hoshana Rabbah 3461: 3460: 3439: 3406: 3405: 3347: 3344: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3224:Birkat Hachama 3204: 3201: 3042:Main article: 3039: 3036: 3028: 3027: 3000:civil new year 2996: 2943:academic years 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2894: 2893: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2869: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2862: 2859: 2851:Birkat Hachama 2843:Machzor Gadol, 2839: 2835: 2834: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2811:Machzor Katan, 2807: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2782: 2773: 2768: 2723: 2720: 2688: 2687: 2677: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2594: 2591: 2588: 2585: 2580: 2577: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2558: 2555: 2551: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2535: 2532: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2491: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2469: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2403: 2400: 2396: 2395: 2392: 2389: 2386: 2381: 2378: 2374: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2356: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2345:Month number* 2294: 2291: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2224: 2221: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2170: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2106: 2105: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2081: 2076: 2072:Shmini Atzeret 2059: 2049: 2042: 2035: 2020:Main article: 2017: 2014: 1979: 1978: 1971: 1968: 1961: 1957: 1956: 1949: 1946: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1927: 1924: 1917: 1913: 1912: 1905: 1902: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1883: 1880: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1861: 1858: 1851: 1847: 1846: 1833: 1830: 1823: 1819: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1724: 1721: 1691:sha'ah z'manit 1687:relative hours 1595: 1592: 1520: 1517: 1515: 1512: 1473:molad interval 1469:ancient Israel 1453:12 such months 1386: 1385: 1383: 1382: 1375: 1368: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1353: 1348: 1346:Portal:Judaism 1342: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1317: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1276: 1275: 1272: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1232: 1221: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1192:Mathematicians 1189: 1184: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1169: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1110: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 998: 997: 996: 993: 992: 988: 987: 982: 977: 972: 967: 962: 957: 952: 939: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 887: 886: 883: 882: 876: 875: 874: 871: 870: 866: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 785: 780: 775: 770: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 712: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 541: 536: 534:Tower of Babel 531: 526: 521: 516: 511: 506: 501: 496: 494:Garden of Eden 491: 486: 481: 476: 471: 465: 464: 461: 460: 454: 453: 452: 449: 448: 444: 443: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 362: 361: 351: 346: 341: 340: 339: 334: 324: 310: 309: 304: 299: 294: 292:Judeo-Moroccan 289: 288: 287: 285:Judeo-Baghdadi 269: 268: 267: 266: 256: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 203: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 134: 133: 130: 129: 123: 122: 121: 118: 117: 109: 108: 106:Jewish culture 102: 101: 89: 88: 85: 84: 78: 70: 69: 61: 54: 53: 43: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14222: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14202: 14200: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14146: 14144: 14140: 14134: 14131: 14130: 14128: 14124: 14118: 14115: 14114: 14112: 14108: 14098: 14095: 14093: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14074: 14072: 14070: 14066: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14030: 14028: 14025: 14024: 14023: 14020: 14018: 14015: 14013: 14010: 14008: 14005: 14003: 14000: 13998: 13995: 13993: 13990: 13988: 13985: 13984: 13982: 13980: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968:Chronological 13965: 13955: 13952: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13934:Geochronology 13932: 13930: 13927: 13926: 13924: 13920: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13905: 13903: 13899: 13893: 13890: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13867:Geologic time 13864: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13852:Metonic cycle 13850: 13848: 13847:Galactic year 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13830: 13826: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13795: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13788:ISO week date 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13770: 13768: 13764: 13758: 13755: 13752: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13737: 13733: 13729: 13726: 13725: 13723: 13719: 13713: 13710: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13698: 13695: 13693: 13690: 13689: 13687: 13683: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13658: 13656: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13643: 13633: 13630: 13628: 13625: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13615: 13614: 13612: 13610: 13606: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13576: 13574: 13572: 13568: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13541: 13540: 13537: 13534: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13495: 13494:Byzantine era 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13475: 13471: 13468: 13466: 13465: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13455: 13453: 13451: 13450:Calendar eras 13447: 13444: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13429: 13426: 13425: 13422: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13404: 13401: 13400: 13399: 13396: 13394: 13391: 13389: 13386: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13374: 13370: 13363: 13358: 13356: 13351: 13349: 13344: 13343: 13340: 13328: 13325: 13323: 13320: 13318: 13315: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13290: 13288: 13285: 13283: 13280: 13278: 13275: 13273: 13270: 13268: 13265: 13264: 13261: 13257: 13253: 13246: 13241: 13239: 13234: 13232: 13227: 13226: 13223: 13211: 13208: 13207: 13204: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13139: 13137: 13135: 13134:Hebrew months 13131: 13125: 13122: 13120: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13108: 13106: 13101: 13096: 13090: 13087: 13085: 13082: 13080: 13077: 13075: 13072: 13070: 13067: 13065: 13062: 13060: 13057: 13055: 13052: 13050: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13034: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13008:The Nine Days 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12945: 12942: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12919: 12918:Simchat Torah 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12905: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12892: 12889: 12887: 12884: 12883: 12882: 12879: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12866: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12849:Rosh Hashanah 12847: 12846: 12844: 12842: 12838: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12817: 12814: 12811: 12802: 12797: 12793: 12786: 12781: 12779: 12774: 12772: 12767: 12766: 12763: 12751: 12750: 12739: 12737: 12736: 12727: 12726: 12725: 12721: 12716: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12675:Protestantism 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12656: 12653: 12652: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12645: 12641: 12639: 12638: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12626: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12609: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12592: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12579: 12576: 12574: 12571: 12569: 12566: 12564: 12561: 12559: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12548: 12546: 12542: 12536: 12533: 12529: 12526: 12524: 12521: 12520: 12519: 12516: 12514: 12511: 12509: 12506: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12492: 12489: 12488: 12487: 12484: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12471: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12458: 12455: 12454: 12453: 12450: 12446: 12443: 12442: 12441: 12438: 12436: 12433: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12420: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12413: 12411: 12407: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12363:Sefer HaBahir 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12327: 12324: 12323: 12322: 12319: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12301: 12300: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12290:Sifrei Kodesh 12288: 12287: 12285: 12283: 12279: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12224: 12221: 12220: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12192: 12189: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12176: 12175: 12172: 12171: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12162: 12161: 12159: 12157: 12153: 12147: 12146:Who is a Jew? 12144: 12142: 12139: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12130: 12127: 12125: 12122: 12120: 12117: 12113: 12110: 12109: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12091: 12088: 12087: 12086: 12083: 12081: 12078: 12076: 12075:Chosen people 12073: 12071: 12068: 12064: 12061: 12060: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12053: 12051: 12047: 12041: 12038: 12032: 12031:Scots-Yiddish 12029: 12025: 12024: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12014: 12013: 12010: 12006: 12005: 12004:Klezmer-loshn 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11984: 11981: 11980: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11954: 11951: 11949: 11946: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11874:Judeo-Shirazi 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11851: 11850: 11849:Judeo-Persian 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11839:Judeo-Marathi 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11823: 11820: 11819: 11818: 11817:Judeo-Italian 11815: 11813: 11810: 11808: 11805: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11787: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11772: 11769: 11768: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11742: 11739: 11737: 11734: 11732: 11729: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11719: 11718: 11717: 11714: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11688: 11685: 11684: 11683: 11680: 11679: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11672:Judeo-Amazigh 11670: 11668: 11665: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11597: 11596: 11593: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11582: 11578: 11564: 11561: 11560: 11559: 11556: 11552: 11549: 11548: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11528: 11527: 11524: 11522: 11519: 11515: 11512: 11511: 11510: 11507: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11495:Hadhrami Jews 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11482: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11460:Mountain Jews 11458: 11456: 11455:Egyptian Jews 11453: 11451: 11450:Bukharan Jews 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11432: 11431: 11428: 11424: 11421: 11420: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11388: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11375: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11344: 11343: 11340: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11326: 11323: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11280: 11279: 11276: 11275: 11273: 11271: 11267: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11249: 11246: 11245: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11238:Lists of Jews 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11201: 11197: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11139: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11125: 11124: 11121: 11117: 11113: 11106: 11101: 11099: 11094: 11092: 11087: 11086: 11083: 11071: 11063: 11061: 11053: 11052: 11049: 11042: 11041: 11036: 11033: 11030: 11029: 11024: 11021: 11018: 11017: 11012: 11009: 11006: 11005: 11000: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10990: 10980: 10977: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10954: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10887:Anno Martyrum 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10860: 10858: 10854: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10812: 10808: 10805: 10802:and numbering 10797: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10767: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10724: 10718: 10717:'Pataphysical 10715: 10713: 10710: 10705: 10704: 10703: 10700: 10695: 10694: 10693: 10690: 10685: 10684: 10683: 10679: 10676: 10671: 10670: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10659: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10632: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10585: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10486:Tōnalpōhualli 10484: 10483: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10462: 10452: 10449: 10445: 10442: 10441: 10440: 10437: 10433: 10430: 10429: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10414: 10412: 10408: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10391: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10314: 10312: 10309: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10296: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10240:Vikram Samvat 10238: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10146: 10141: 10140: 10139: 10136: 10132: 10129: 10124: 10123: 10122: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10094:Vikram Samvat 10092: 10091: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10049: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10026: 10023: 10022: 10021: 10018: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10005: 10003: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9972: 9969: 9966: 9958: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9903: 9901: 9897: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9860: 9855: 9853: 9848: 9846: 9841: 9840: 9837: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9802: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9765: 9755: 9754: 9749: 9746: 9742: 9738: 9732: 9728: 9723: 9720: 9716: 9713: 9712:0-521-77752-6 9709: 9705: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9691: 9688: 9685: 9681: 9679: 9678:0-940118-17-3 9675: 9671: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9656: 9653: 9650: 9646: 9642: 9641: 9629: 9624: 9617: 9613: 9607: 9600: 9596: 9590: 9583: 9577: 9570: 9564: 9557: 9551: 9549: 9533: 9529: 9522: 9520: 9503: 9496: 9490: 9488: 9479: 9473: 9465: 9461: 9455: 9448: 9444: 9440: 9436: 9432: 9428: 9427:Solomon Gandz 9423: 9416: 9412: 9411:Mishneh Torah 9407: 9398: 9392: 9387: 9381: 9375: 9368: 9362: 9360: 9353:(1964) 55–59. 9352: 9349: 9343: 9341: 9333: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9314: 9308: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9289: 9285: 9281: 9276: 9269: 9264: 9257: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9224: 9218:, p. 216 9217: 9211: 9204: 9200: 9194: 9187: 9181: 9169: 9163: 9151: 9145: 9139: 9134: 9127: 9122: 9120: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9086: 9079: 9073: 9065: 9059: 9052: 9046: 9040:, pp. 162ff.. 9039: 9034: 9027: 9021: 9014: 9013:Rosh Hashanah 9008: 9001: 9000:Rosh Hashanah 8995: 8988: 8987:Rosh Hashanah 8982: 8976: 8973: 8968: 8962: 8961:Numbers 28:11 8959: 8954: 8948: 8947:Numbers 10:10 8945: 8940: 8932: 8930:9780899066790 8926: 8922: 8915: 8907: 8902: 8900: 8891: 8887: 8883: 8877: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8859: 8855: 8851: 8845: 8839: 8838:2 Kings 25:27 8835: 8829: 8823: 8822:Ezekiel 1:1–2 8819: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8797: 8791: 8787: 8781: 8775: 8771: 8765: 8759: 8758:2 Kings 18:13 8755: 8749: 8743: 8742:1 Kings 14:25 8739: 8733: 8727: 8723: 8717: 8711:, pp. 118–123 8710: 8706: 8702: 8697: 8690: 8689:0-8254-3825-X 8686: 8682: 8681: 8674: 8672: 8664: 8658: 8650: 8643: 8637: 8633: 8628: 8622: 8618: 8613: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8594: 8588: 8584: 8579: 8573: 8569: 8565: 8561: 8557: 8552: 8544: 8540: 8534: 8527: 8521: 8513: 8511:3-16-147017-6 8507: 8503: 8502: 8494: 8486: 8480: 8476: 8475: 8467: 8461: 8456: 8450: 8445: 8439: 8435: 8430: 8424: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8403: 8396: 8391: 8384: 8380: 8376: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8365: 8358: 8352: 8337: 8336: 8331: 8324: 8316: 8309: 8302: 8295: 8288: 8281: 8274: 8273:"Arutz Sheva" 8268: 8262: 8257: 8251: 8246: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8219: 8217: 8215: 8206: 8205:The Sanhedrin 8202: 8196: 8187: 8172: 8168: 8161: 8159: 8152: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8132: 8126: 8121: 8120: 8111: 8104: 8100: 8095: 8088: 8082: 8074: 8068: 8062: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8045: 8040: 8030: 8027: 8017: 8009: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7972: 7964: 7962:0-940118-17-3 7958: 7954: 7947: 7939: 7938: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7910:. Judaism 101 7909: 7903: 7897: 7892: 7885: 7879: 7877: 7869: 7863: 7848: 7841: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7822: 7813: 7806: 7798: 7791: 7783: 7782: 7774: 7766: 7765: 7763:(section 428) 7762: 7755: 7747: 7741: 7733: 7729: 7725: 7718: 7710: 7703: 7695: 7694: 7686: 7680: 7677:Dov Fischer, 7674: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7646: 7640: 7633: 7630:Edgar Frank, 7627: 7619: 7617:9780191562365 7613: 7609: 7608: 7600: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7576: 7570: 7566: 7565: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7546: 7542: 7539: 7534: 7528: 7525: 7520: 7514: 7511: 7506: 7499: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7480: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7460:Mishneh Torah 7456: 7449: 7445: 7440: 7434: 7430: 7426: 7422: 7417: 7410: 7404: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7385: 7379: 7374: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7351: 7349: 7333:. utoronto.ca 7332: 7325: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7294: 7288: 7285: 7280: 7274: 7268: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7232: 7225: 7224:Rosh HaShanah 7221: 7215: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7196: 7187: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7162: 7158: 7154: 7149: 7141: 7139:9781118051832 7135: 7131: 7130: 7122: 7115: 7111: 7107: 7103: 7102:Sanhedrin 2:2 7100: 7095: 7093: 7088: 7073: 7064: 7055: 7046: 7037: 7028: 6999: 6989: 6979: 6973: 6966: 6957: 6950: 6941: 6934: 6930: 6929:Mishneh Torah 6926: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6903: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6874: 6867: 6861: 6852: 6842: 6832: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6807: 6800: 6793: 6784: 6780: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6721: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6660: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6636: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6601: 6599: 6594: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6572: 6566: 6564: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6545: 6542: 6538: 6533: 6530: 6521: 6519: 6509: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6500:Mishneh Torah 6496: 6491: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6461: 6457: 6454: 6448: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6430: 6426: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6374: 6364: 6361: 6360:Second Temple 6356: 6353: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6336: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6321: 6315: 6313: 6309: 6298: 6294: 6286: 6282: 6277: 6268: 6266: 6265: 6259: 6258:Exodus 12:1–2 6249: 6247: 6242: 6240: 6239:Yemenite Jews 6236: 6230: 6226: 6219: 6218:Aha bar Jacob 6216: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6180: 6178: 6173: 6169: 6165: 6155: 6153: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6117: 6112: 6109: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6035: 6032: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6015: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6000: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5935: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5920: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5890: 5886: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5859: 5855: 5853: 5852:Simchat Torah 5849: 5845: 5841: 5836: 5835:Rosh Hashanah 5832: 5830: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5813: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5780: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5750: 5747: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5733: 5730: 5729: 5726: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5648: 5644: 5642: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5568: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5552:Notable days 5549: 5546: 5543: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5515: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5492: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5471: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5450: 5447:Prior to the 5445: 5443: 5435: 5431: 5426: 5417: 5414: 5399: 5395: 5387: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5340: 5328: 5323: 5321: 5316: 5314: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5305: 5302: 5292: 5291: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5196: 5195: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5109:Mutasarrifate 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5092: 5084: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5057: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5029: 5028: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 5008: 5007: 5006: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4988: 4985: 4981: 4978: 4977: 4969: 4968: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4924: 4923: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4913: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4893: 4892:Persian Yehud 4890: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4852: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4842: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4828: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4814: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4798: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4772: 4771: 4768: 4767: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4717: 4711:Early history 4708: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4677: 4669: 4667: 4652: 4646: 4645:tropical year 4642: 4641:synodic month 4638: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4602:March equinox 4593: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4563: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4522:synodic month 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4492: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4473: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4458: 4456: 4450: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4396: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4350: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4338: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4254:common years 4252: 4246: 4230: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4193: 4187: 4180: 4179: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4131: 4128: 4126: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4094: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4081: 4073: 4065: 4064: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4037: 4031: 4029: 4024: 4023: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3990: 3985: 3984: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3953: 3951:2 5 10 13 16 3950: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3933: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3919: 3915: 3898: 3883:(1 4 9 12 15) 3880: 3879:molad Tishrei 3876: 3866: 3864: 3861:cycle (which 3860: 3859:Torah reading 3856: 3851: 3840: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3804: 3799: 3793: 3784: 3779: 3773: 3764: 3760: 3750: 3749: 3748: 3742: 3737: 3731: 3729: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3628: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3576: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3519: 3513: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3496: 3490: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3451: 3445: 3440: 3430: 3425: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3414: 3410: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3396:) 20:50:23.1 3395: 3391: 3387: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3354: 3353:Rosh Hashanah 3343: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3332:tropical year 3320:is exactly 12 3319: 3318:tropical year 3305: 3304:synodic month 3300: 3297: 3291: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3249: 3248:Rabbi Nahshon 3243: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3225: 3221: 3220:Machzor Gadol 3216: 3214: 3213:Machzor Katan 3210: 3209:Metonic cycle 3200: 3197: 3187: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3156: 3152: 3151:Rosh Hashanah 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3129: 3123: 3121: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3069: 3060:of the world. 3059: 3055: 3050: 3045: 3035: 3033: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3016:Maaser Rishon 3013: 3009: 3005: 3004:Rosh Hashanah 3001: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2961:1st of Tishri 2958: 2952: 2950: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2931:Rosh Hashanah 2924: 2923:Rosh Hashanah 2920: 2919: 2913: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2867: 2866: 2858: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2837: 2836: 2826: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2805: 2804: 2794: 2787: 2786: 2785: 2784: 2777: 2772: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2758:Mishneh Torah 2755: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2740:March equinox 2737: 2733: 2729: 2719: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2706: 2702: 2697: 2695: 2684: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2358: 2357: 2348:Hebrew month 2343: 2340: 2338: 2337:synodic month 2333: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2311:Metonic cycle 2308: 2304: 2300: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2271:Rosh Hashanah 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2203: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2062:Rosh Hashanah 2060: 2058: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2043: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2027: 2023: 2013: 2005: 2001: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1976: 1972: 1969: 1962: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1940: 1937: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1925: 1918: 1915: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1903: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1845: 1842:to sunset on 1841: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1824: 1821: 1820: 1816: 1813: 1811:Abbreviation 1810: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1795: 1791: 1781: 1776: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1743: 1730: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1677: 1663: 1659: 1632:). A part is 1631: 1630: 1625: 1611: 1605: 1604:Relative hour 1601: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1526: 1511: 1509: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1491: 1484: 1482: 1481:Metonic cycle 1478: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1406: 1397: 1393: 1381: 1376: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1311:Other aspects 1310: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1296: 1293: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1222: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1206: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1159: 1158: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1101: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1010: 1003: 1000: 999: 995: 994: 986: 983: 981: 980:Modern Hebrew 978: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 961: 958: 956: 953: 951: 948: 947: 946: 945: 944: 943:Jewish poetry 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 888: 881: 878: 877: 873: 872: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 786: 784: 781: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 719: 718: 717: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 610: 607: 605: 602: 600: 597: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 549:Cain and Abel 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 532: 530: 527: 525: 524:Gog and Magog 522: 520: 519:Promised Land 517: 515: 512: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 466: 459: 456: 455: 451: 450: 442: 439: 437: 434: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 421:Judeo-Marathi 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 360: 357: 356: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 328: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 317: 316: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 286: 283: 282: 281: 278: 277: 276: 275: 274: 265: 262: 261: 260: 257: 255: 252: 250: 247: 245: 242: 240: 237: 235: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 211: 210: 209: 208: 207:Judeo-Aramaic 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 156: 153: 151: 148: 146: 143: 142: 141: 140: 139: 128: 125: 124: 120: 119: 115: 111: 110: 107: 104: 103: 99: 95: 94: 82: 79: 77: 73: 72: 68: 65: 62: 60: 57: 56: 52: 51: 47: 46: 45: 44: 40: 39: 32: 19: 14097:Stratigraphy 14042:Uranium–lead 14012:Lichenometry 13810:Winter count 13793:Mesoamerican 13731: 13721:Astronomical 13539:Mesoamerican 13524:Sothic cycle 13499:Seleucid era 13484:Bosporan era 13472: / 13462: 13410:Paleontology 13133: 12948:Rosh Chodesh 12891:Pesach Sheni 12808:holidays and 12740: 12733: 12719: 12642: 12635: 12623: 12606: 12589: 12439: 12423:perspectives 12257:Samaritanism 12218:Neo-Hasidism 12198:Conservative 12112:Names of God 12021: 12002: 11812:Judaeo-Greek 11807:Judeo-Gascon 11746:Lishán Didán 11741:Lishana Deni 11709:Judeo-Yemeni 11677:Judeo-Arabic 11551:Meshuchrarim 11470:Persian Jews 11403:Kurdish Jews 11381:Kaifeng Jews 11330:Beta Abraham 11293:Galitzianers 11248:Antisemitism 11223:Israeli Jews 11208:Assimilation 11038: 11026: 11023:Middle-earth 11014: 11002: 10772:applications 10770:Displays and 10680: / 10661:By specialty 10630: 10491:Xiuhpōhualli 10389:Mesoamerican 10235:Nepal Sambat 10083: 9906:Astronomical 9751: 9744: 9726: 9718: 9703: 9689: 9683: 9669: 9658: 9654:(2002) 3–22. 9651: 9648: 9644: 9637:Bibliography 9623: 9615: 9611: 9606: 9594: 9589: 9581: 9576: 9568: 9563: 9555: 9535:. Retrieved 9531: 9506:. Retrieved 9501: 9472: 9463: 9454: 9430: 9422: 9414: 9406: 9383: 9374: 9366: 9350: 9347: 9329: 9320: 9312: 9307: 9283: 9275: 9263: 9233: 9229: 9223: 9210: 9202: 9198: 9197:Epiphanius, 9193: 9185: 9180: 9167: 9162: 9149: 9144: 9133: 9110: 9090: 9085: 9077: 9072: 9063: 9058: 9050: 9045: 9033: 9025: 9020: 9012: 9007: 8999: 8994: 8986: 8981: 8971: 8967: 8957: 8953: 8943: 8939: 8920: 8914: 8885: 8876: 8849: 8844: 8833: 8828: 8817: 8812: 8806:2 Kings 8:16 8801: 8796: 8790:Nehemiah 2:1 8785: 8780: 8774:2 Kings 17:6 8769: 8764: 8753: 8748: 8737: 8732: 8721: 8716: 8700: 8696: 8678: 8662: 8657: 8648: 8642: 8636:1 Kings 6:38 8631: 8627: 8616: 8612: 8597: 8593: 8582: 8578: 8555: 8551: 8543:the original 8533: 8525: 8520: 8500: 8493: 8473: 8466: 8460:1 Kings 6:38 8455: 8444: 8429: 8402: 8390: 8374: 8355:Britannica: 8351: 8339:. Retrieved 8333: 8323: 8308:"The Marker" 8267: 8256: 8245: 8228: 8224: 8204: 8195: 8186: 8174:. Retrieved 8170: 8118: 8110: 8102: 8099:G. J. Toomer 8094: 8086: 8085:Neugebauer, 8081: 8067: 8039: 8016: 8007: 8003: 7997: 7989: 7985: 7971: 7952: 7946: 7936: 7912:. Retrieved 7902: 7891: 7866:Yerushalmi, 7862: 7850:. Retrieved 7840: 7832: 7811: 7805: 7796: 7790: 7780: 7773: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7723: 7717: 7702: 7692: 7685: 7673: 7661: 7657: 7652: 7644: 7639: 7631: 7626: 7606: 7599: 7589: 7585: 7581: 7578: 7563: 7541:Exodus 23:16 7537: 7533: 7523: 7519: 7509: 7505: 7494: 7490: 7479: 7455: 7443: 7439: 7421:Exodus 23:16 7416: 7403: 7393:Exodus 23:15 7384: 7373: 7356: 7335:. Retrieved 7304: 7293: 7283: 7279: 7267: 7258: 7241: 7237: 7231: 7223: 7220:Talmud Bavli 7219: 7214: 7205:the original 7201:koltorah.org 7200: 7194: 7186: 7177: 7168: 7157:Exodus 12:18 7148: 7128: 7121: 7105: 7072: 7063: 7054: 7045: 7036: 7027: 6998: 6988: 6978: 6971: 6965: 6949: 6940: 6911: 6902: 6882: 6873: 6860: 6851: 6841: 6831: 6818:, while the 6806: 6795:}} 6789:{{ 6783: 6704: 6685: 6666: 6657: 6639:Many of the 6638: 6602: 6590: 6578: 6567: 6560: 6557: 6546: 6537:Rosh Chodesh 6534: 6527: 6515: 6498: 6492: 6480: 6476:Seleucid era 6449: 6441: 6410: 6402:Rosh Hashana 6379: 6376: 6357: 6337: 6318: 6316: 6308:Rosh Chodesh 6297:commandments 6290: 6262: 6255: 6243: 6234: 6232: 6213: 6184:Seleucid era 6181: 6163: 6161: 6152:Rosh Hashana 6144:Tishri-years 6128:Edwin Thiele 6126: 6121: 6113: 6105: 6088: 6019: 5978: 5941: 5904: 5896: 5882:Marcheshvan 5857: 5828: 5794: 5754: 5713: 5676: 5646: 5637:Pesach Sheni 5631: 5596: 5585: 5493: 5485:First Temple 5474: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5446: 5439: 5410: 5396: 5383: 5380: 5372:Yom HaAliyah 5357: 5336: 5272: 5182:Silicon Wadi 5167:Independence 5143: 5142: 5099:Ottoman rule 5090: 4948:Roman Judaea 4764: 4763: 4714: 4663: 4660:In Auschwitz 4650: 4625: 4618: 4599: 4580: 4571:atomic clock 4564: 4560: 4553: 4525: 4503: 4487: 4477: 4474: 4469: 4466: 4461: 4459: 4454: 4451: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4403: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4378: 4370: 4360: 4352: 4342: 4334: 4324: 4316: 4306: 4298: 4288: 4280: 4270: 4262: 4225: 4209: 4198: 4195:6d 20h 491p 4170: 4159: 4129: 4118: 4103:4d 11h 695p 4092: 4071: 4055: 4044: 4025:2d 15h 589p 4014: 4003: 3998:1d 20h 491p 3975: 3964: 3945:1 4 9 12 15 3928: 3924: 3899: 3874: 3872: 3862: 3854: 3852: 3835: 3732: 3728:combinations 3724: 3703:Saturday (7) 3682:Thursday (5) 3634: 3594: 3571: 3568: 3535: 3494: 3488: 3481: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3357: 3349: 3336:Julian years 3301: 3295: 3292: 3280: 3274: 3260:Calculations 3252: 3245: 3241: 3239: 3230: 3228: 3219: 3217: 3212: 3206: 3191: 3181: 3166: 3158: 3146: 3138: 3134: 3127: 3124: 3119: 3102:Seleucid era 3097: 3086:calendar era 3081: 3077: 3065: 3063: 3053: 3029: 3020:Maaser Sheni 3008:agricultural 3007: 2999: 2993:Rosh Hashana 2984: 2978: 2973:15th thereof 2957:cattle tithe 2954: 2946: 2939:fiscal years 2928: 2916: 2889:maaser sheni 2870: 2844: 2840: 2813:the 19-year 2812: 2808: 2763: 2752: 2735: 2725: 2715: 2708: 2698: 2691: 2334: 2319: 2303:lunar months 2296: 2244: 2087:(first day) 2075:(first day) 2048:(first day) 2041:(first day) 2025: 2003: 1997: 1992: 1982: 1970:Sabbath day 1814:Translation 1808:Hebrew name 1793: 1789: 1777: 1774: 1755: 1732: 1718: 1690: 1684: 1675: 1661: 1657: 1627: 1623: 1607: 1576:antimeridian 1569: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1549:Halachically 1547: 1528: 1504:לבריאת העולם 1485: 1465: 1450: 1435: 1415: 1391: 1389: 1331:Architecture 1129:Jewish dance 1018:Philosophers 941: 940: 714: 713: 559:Burning bush 499:Tree of Life 484:Adam and Eve 426:Judeo-Berber 312: 311: 273:Judeo-Arabic 271: 270: 224:Lishán Didán 219:Lishana Deni 205: 204: 136: 135: 59:20 September 48: 14037:Radiocarbon 13712:Dual dating 13571:Regnal year 13549:Short Count 13489:Bostran era 13470:Anno Domini 13403:Big History 13383:Archaeology 13292:Eschatology 12983:Purim Katan 12930:Chol HaMoed 12810:observances 12665:Catholicism 12247:Hellenistic 12085:Eschatology 12023:Lachoudisch 11948:Lotegorisch 11926:Lachoudisch 11916:Koiné Greek 11829:Judeo-Latin 11766:Palestinian 11660:Palestinian 11509:Mustaʿravim 11435:Afghan Jews 11423:Berber Jews 11347:Bene Israel 11335:Falash Mura 11325:Beta Israel 11243:Persecution 11185:Middle Ages 10873:Anno Domini 10842:Regnal year 10837:Regnal name 10810:Terminology 10800:Year naming 10755:Symmetry454 10605:Pentecontad 10528:Culāsakaraj 10513:Cappadocian 10245:Yele Sambat 10131:Zoroastrian 10025:Bangladeshi 9963:limited use 9941:Solar Hijri 9936:Lunar Hijri 9899:In wide use 9537:28 December 9508:28 December 9170:54b. Text: 9166:Yerushalmi 9148:Yerushalmi 9078:Baba Metzia 8975:Exodus 12:2 8726:1 Kings 6:1 8663:Antiquities 8621:1 Kings 8:2 8602:1 Kings 6:1 8560:Exodus 13:4 8449:1 Kings 8:2 8434:1 Kings 6:1 8407:Exodus 12:2 8341:30 November 8335:Arutz Sheva 7584:era of the 7498:Exodus 12:2 7244:: 321–363. 6879:major scale 6683:calendars. 6673:Elephantine 6575:Six-Day War 6516:Outside of 6458:astronomer 6429:Constantius 6421:Nachmanides 6333:Gamaliel II 6252:Leap months 6221:post-dated! 6136:Nisan-years 5420:Month names 5413:intercalary 5391:ליל סילבסטר 5278:Archaeology 5094:(1517–1948) 4959:6 CE–136 CE 4942:37 BCE–6 CE 4906:333–164 BCE 4896:538–333 BCE 4869:587–538 BCE 4821:Philistines 4811:Iron Age I 4691:History of 4536:minute = 3/ 4257:leap years 4181:6d 9h 204p 4154:6d 0h 408p 4113:5d 9h 204p 4066:3d 9h 204p 3986:1d 9h 204p 3663:Tuesday (3) 3362:(moment of 3108:Anno Domini 3084:). In this 2847:solar cycle 2728:intercalary 2315:Leap months 2307:solar years 2255:Marcheshvan 2232:Fri or Sun 2229:Thu or Sat 2226:Fri or Sun 2223:Fri or Sat 2200:Wed or Fri 2191:Wed or Thu 2136:Sun or Tue 2133:Sat or Mon 2130:Sun or Tue 2127:Sun or Mon 2101:Purim Katan 1989:Genesis 1:8 1904:Fourth day 1860:Second day 1676:time degree 1664:, equal to 1531:Genesis 1:5 783:Baal Berith 584:Golden calf 579:Mount Sinai 564:Ten Plagues 441:Koiné Greek 359:Piedmontese 259:Palestinian 200:Palestinian 14199:Categories 13632:Vietnamese 13544:Long Count 13479:Anno Mundi 13474:Common Era 13376:Key topics 13369:Chronology 13312:Golden Age 13307:Heortology 13302:Eviternity 13287:Divination 13013:Tisha B'Av 12993:Lag BaOmer 12968:Tu BiShvat 12859:Yom Kippur 12660:Anabaptism 12602:Jew (word) 12469:Leadership 12282:Literature 12267:Secularism 12213:Humanistic 12080:Conversion 12050:Philosophy 11891:Judeo-Urdu 11655:Babylonian 11500:Saada Jews 11485:Adeni Jews 11278:Ashkenazim 11233:Samaritans 11200:Population 11155:Israelites 10979:Vietnamese 10892:Anno Mundi 10882:Anno Lucis 10877:Common Era 10780:Electronic 10750:Positivist 10712:Discordian 10702:Dreamspell 10637:Sexagenary 10578:Macedonian 10548:Florentine 10498:Babylonian 10464:Historical 10394:Long Count 10348:Vietnamese 10304:Macedonian 10267:Nanakshahi 10197:Lithuanian 10067:Solar term 9628:Stern 2001 9528:"Calendar" 9268:Stern 2001 9256:Stern 2001 9254:Quoted in 9216:Stern 2001 9126:Stern 2001 9038:Stern 2001 8661:Josephus, 8587:Esther 3:7 8572:Deut. 16:1 8423:Deut. 16:1 8237:1029349665 7870:(18a, 54b) 7868:Sukkah 4:1 7852:7 February 7590:anno mundi 7586:Seder Olam 7582:anno mundi 7178:chabad.org 7110:Stern 2001 7084:References 6925:Maimonides 6887:whole step 6822:is a pure 6814:is a pure 6681:Babylonian 6633:See also: 6495:Maimonides 6472:Jewish era 6425:Maimonides 6390:Yom Kippur 6371:See also: 6340:Samaritans 6225:Rav Nahman 6177:Jehoiachin 6168:the Exodus 6164:Anno Mundi 6025:Tu Bishvat 5897:Arakhsamna 5888:Marẖeshwan 5879:Marẖeshvan 5840:Yom Kippur 5760:Tisha B'Av 5641:Lag B'Omer 5442:pre-exilic 5114:Old Yishuv 4916:164–37 BCE 4817:Israelites 4759:Ghassulian 4637:leap years 4546:Hipparchus 4140:5d 18h 0p 4089:3d 18h 0p 4039:2d 18h 0p 3959:7d 18h 0p 3937:Tishrei ≥ 3925:Four gates 3642:Monday (2) 3466:Yom Kippur 3386:molad tohu 3281:anno mundi 3269:See also: 3135:molad tohu 3115:Anno Mundi 3104:. As with 3098:anno mundi 3068:Anno Mundi 3044:Anno Mundi 3038:Anno Mundi 3024:Maaser Ani 2845:a 28-year 2774:Year 5784 2754:Maimonides 2705:leap years 2565:30 (or 29) 2543:29 (or 30) 2317:, below). 2275:Yom Kippur 2096:Tu Bishvat 2079:Yom Kippur 2057:Tisha B'Av 1973:Sunset on 1951:Sunset on 1948:Sixth day 1929:Sunset on 1926:Fifth day 1907:Sunset on 1885:Sunset on 1882:Third day 1863:Sunset on 1832:First day 1794:Yom Rishon 1758:day number 1706:solar noon 1662:barleycorn 1610:one system 1598:See also: 1535:Yom Kippur 1523:See also: 1514:Components 1490:Anno Mundi 1461:solar year 1197:Scientists 1023:Maimonides 1002:Philosophy 960:Al-Andalus 880:Literature 793:Bar Juchne 594:Tabernacle 574:The Exodus 544:Noah's Ark 509:Patriarchs 401:Golpaygani 195:Babylonian 14169:Year zero 14149:Chronicle 14092:Seriation 14027:Lead–lead 13901:Standards 13882:Deep time 13842:Ephemeris 13728:Lunisolar 13692:Gregorian 13685:Gregorian 13646:Calendars 13609:Era names 13579:Anka year 13458:Human Era 13388:Astronomy 13089:Rabin Day 13079:Herzl Day 12935:Isru chag 12872:Festivals 12722:indicate 12670:Mormonism 12655:Christian 12535:Symbolism 12523:Synagogue 12503:Mythology 12464:Education 12435:Astronomy 12418:Astrology 12235:relations 12040:Zarphatic 11988:Galitzish 11790:Yeshivish 11667:Catalanic 11630:Samaritan 11605:Ashkenazi 11586:Diasporic 11581:Languages 11526:Sephardim 11521:Romaniote 11408:Krymchaks 11342:Desi Jews 11218:Buddhists 11040:Star Trek 11004:Discworld 10999:Discworld 10992:Fictional 10868:Anka year 10847:Year zero 10827:Leap year 10785:Perpetual 10508:Byzantine 10227:Mongolian 10207:Malayalam 9951:Unix time 9926:Gregorian 9921:Ethiopian 9885:Lunisolar 9866:Calendars 9064:Sanhedrin 8301:"Haaretz" 8231:(2): 41. 8103:Centaurus 7740:cite book 7732:729982627 7448:Num 28:14 7365:216353872 7287:Genesis 1 7271:See e.g. 7114:Sanhedrin 6891:half step 6846:creation. 6700:Pharmuthi 6696:Phamenoth 6653:solstices 6649:equinoxes 6607:into the 6593:Samaritan 6493:In 1178, 6488:al-Biruni 6417:Hillel II 6329:Sanhedrin 6204:Palestine 6079:/ Adar II 6037:אֲדָר א׳ 5876:Marḥešwān 5694:תַּמּוּז 5550:Holidays/ 5430:Rödelheim 5386:Silvester 5230:Jerusalem 5177:Austerity 5074:1260–1517 5064:1174–1260 5054:1099–1291 4934:Tetrarchy 4744:Yarmukian 4729:Mushabian 4666:Auschwitz 4243:1 Tishrei 4234:1 Tishrei 4222:Incidence 3906:7d 18h 0p 3863:parshiyot 3844:1 Tishrei 3812:romanized 3792:romanized 3772:romanized 3753:1 Tishrei 3390:Jerusalem 3277:remainder 3246:Iggul of 3244:, or the 3170:לפרט גדול 3014:, Yovel, 2703:. During 2372:Last day 2369:First day 2052:17 Tammuz 1993:Yom Sheni 1931:Wednesday 1799:יום ראשון 1646:seconds ( 1580:Jerusalem 1437:yahrzeits 1405:romanized 1321:Symbolism 1295:Ashkenazi 1182:Astronomy 1071:Sephardic 1061:Religious 985:Holocaust 911:Judeo-Tat 738:Leviathan 458:Mythology 396:Zarphatic 349:Catalanic 190:Samaritan 150:Ashkenazi 127:Languages 14164:Timeline 14002:Ice core 13875:Concepts 13622:Japanese 13554:Tzolk'in 13519:Egyptian 13317:Prophecy 13297:Eternity 13272:Calendar 13177:Cheshvan 13115:Seharane 13103:holidays 13040:holidays 12958:Hanukkah 12881:Passover 12735:Category 12705:Hinduism 12695:Buddhism 12597:Genetics 12513:Politics 12486:Marriage 12445:Holidays 12440:Calendar 12321:Rabbinic 12297:/Hebrew 12242:Haymanot 12169:Orthodox 12156:Branches 12129:Kabbalah 12124:Haskalah 12102:Holiness 11978:dialects 11958:Shassagh 11921:Krymchak 11901:Kayliñña 11795:Yinglish 11771:Galilean 11761:Talmudic 11756:Biblical 11731:Betanure 11650:Biblical 11645:Mishnaic 11640:Medieval 11625:Tiberian 11620:Yemenite 11610:Sephardi 11546:Paradesi 11490:Ḥabbanim 11480:Teimanim 11445:Baghdadi 11418:Maghrebi 11386:Karaites 11364:Gruzínim 11352:Kochinim 11270:Diaspora 11228:Karaites 11213:Atheists 11150:Timeline 11070:Category 11035:Stardate 11011:Greyhawk 10942:Seleucid 10927:Japanese 10897:Assyrian 10832:New Year 10668:Holocene 10620:Rapa Nui 10593:Tzolkʼin 10558:Germanic 10538:Egyptian 10274:Romanian 10252:Nisg̱a'a 10212:Mandaean 10202:Maithili 10175:Javanese 10170:Japanese 10125:medieval 10079:Georgian 9990:Assyrian 9980:Armenian 9911:Buddhist 9714:723–730. 9150:Megillah 9076:Mishnah 9062:Mishnah 9011:Mishnah 8998:Mishnah 8985:Mishnah 8385:, p. 179 8315:"Maariv" 7914:25 March 7778:Rambam. 7666:doi link 7468:Archived 7337:July 20, 7250:23506591 6972:deḥiyyot 6917:halachic 6717:See also 6711:Dead Sea 6677:Egyptian 6529:Karaites 6481:In 921, 6413:Hai Gaon 6348:Passover 6312:new moon 6303:ראש חודש 6210:states: 6196:Josephus 6116:Josephus 5947:Hanukkah 5931:Chisleu 5885:Cheshvan 5829:Tashritu 5591:Passover 5530:Tiberian 5348:Passover 5199:By topic 5155:Timeline 5044:638–1099 5035:Filastin 4754:Nizzanim 4739:Harifian 4734:Natufian 4682:a series 4680:Part of 4629:omitted. 4555:Almagest 4542:System B 4506:new moon 4495:Accuracy 4484:Holidays 4478:deḥiyyah 4470:deḥiyyah 4462:deḥiyyah 4455:deḥiyyah 4426:deḥiyyah 4239:15 Nisan 3910:1d 0h 0p 3848:15 Nisan 3826:15 Nisan 3633:English 3553:kesidrah 3544:chaserah 3419:deḥiyyot 3368:new moon 3287:גוחאדז״ט 3176:לפרט קטן 3131:Creation 3094:Biblical 3058:Creation 2989:Passover 2959:... The 2907:New year 2887:It is a 2732:Passover 2716:Adar Bet 2538:Cheshvan 2362:biblical 2322:new moon 2263:Passover 2091:10 Tevet 2084:Chanukah 2038:Passover 1953:Thursday 1840:Saturday 1770:Saturday 1539:Passover 1326:Clothing 1285:Sephardi 1235:Baseball 1177:Medicine 1013:Haskalah 965:Yemenite 955:Piyyutim 950:Biblical 936:Rabbinic 926:Yemenite 901:American 891:Biblical 848:Rephaite 808:Mazzikin 733:Behemoth 664:Mordecai 436:Krymchak 411:Hamedani 371:Gruzinic 354:Italkian 307:Yemenite 302:Djerbian 264:Galilean 254:Talmudic 249:Biblical 234:Betanure 185:Biblical 180:Mishnaic 175:Medieval 170:Tiberian 165:Yemenite 155:Sephardi 98:a series 96:Part of 14174:Floruit 13922:Methods 13783:Iranian 13751:Islamic 13617:Chinese 13428:Periods 13398:History 13393:Geology 13282:Destiny 13277:Deities 13172:Tishrei 13111:Mimouna 13018:Tu B'Av 12898:Shavuot 12826:Shabbat 12819:Shabbat 12796:Israeli 12720:Italics 12545:Studies 12491:Divorce 12457:Kashrut 12452:Cuisine 12410:Culture 12341:Midrash 12336:Tosefta 12326:Mishnah 12314:Ketuvim 12309:Nevi'im 12272:Schisms 12262:Science 12252:Karaite 12223:Renewal 12184:Litvaks 12179:Hasidic 12134:Sefirot 12119:Halakha 12090:Messiah 12063:Mitzvah 12058:Beliefs 12012:Western 11998:Poylish 11993:Litvish 11983:Eastern 11973:Yiddish 11968:Shuadit 11953:Qwareña 11941:Tetuani 11936:Haketia 11911:Knaanic 11906:Kivruli 11854:Bukhori 11800:Heblish 11736:Hulaulá 11726:Barzani 11682:Yahudic 11615:Mizrahi 11475:Urfalim 11430:Mizrahi 11374:Neofiti 11369:Italkim 11298:Lita'im 11190:Zionism 11142:History 11116:Judaism 10967:Dvapara 10947:Spanish 10856:Systems 10706:New Age 10696:Martian 10652:Turkmen 10647:Swedish 10533:Coligny 10471:Arabian 10432:Revised 10338:Tripuri 10333:Tibetan 10289:Sesotho 10262:Punjabi 10222:Melanau 10192:Kurdish 10158:Tabular 10148:Islamic 10116:Iranian 10047:Chinese 10042:Burmese 10020:Bengali 10008:Pawukon 9961:In more 9916:Chinese 9873:Systems 9645:Dehiyot 9447:3622160 9417:, 11:16 9382:(823). 9292:1450611 9250:1452134 9099:1452961 8890:Sefaria 8784:(e.g., 7984:(ed.). 7195:Halacha 7099:Tosefta 7017:⁄ 7007:⁄ 6993:length. 6956:kevi'ot 6692:Antioch 6645:Essenes 6468:Tishrei 6453:Persian 6325:Tosefta 6320:Mishnah 6148:Babylon 6108:Karaite 6085:29 days 6068:‎ 6049:30 days 6039:‎ 6020:Shabatu 6016:30 days 6011:Shebat 6009:Shevat 5998:‎ 5996:שְׁבָט 5975:29 days 5961:‎ 5942:Kislimu 5938:30 days 5933:Chislev 5929:Kislev 5918:‎ 5903:Called 5893:30 days 5873:‎ 5858:Ethanim 5856:Called 5825:30 days 5821:Tishrei 5811:‎ 5791:29 days 5778:‎ 5776:אֱלוּל 5764:Tu B'Av 5751:30 days 5737:‎ 5710:29 days 5696:‎ 5682:Shavuot 5673:30 days 5659:‎ 5645:Called 5628:29 days 5614:‎ 5595:Called 5581:30 days 5566:‎ 5544:Length 5539:Common/ 5535:Academy 5526:Hebrew 5470:Ethanim 5402:History 5388:Night"— 5352:Shavuot 5339:Zionist 5283:Museums 5268:Yahwism 5257:Related 5235:Zionism 5225:Judaism 5121:Zionism 5025:395–638 5017:Secunda 4999:136–395 4929:Kingdom 4775:Retjenu 4724:Kebaran 4586:⁄ 4552:in the 4550:Ptolemy 4444:⁄ 4433:⁄ 4229:kevi'ah 4212: 4201: 4173: 4162: 4132: 4121: 4095: 4074: 4058: 4047: 4017: 4006: 3978: 3967: 3904:, thus 3855:kevi'ah 3839:kevi'ah 3814:: 3798:Kesidra 3794:: 3778:Chasera 3774:: 3736:kevi'ah 3637:symbol 3635:Kevi'ah 3587:⁄ 3562:shlemah 3489:kevi'ah 3474:Shabbat 3379:⁄ 3325:⁄ 3311:⁄ 3184:ה'תשפ"ד 3120:precede 2948:Mishnah 2935:Tishrei 2744:Shavuot 2516:Tishrei 2351:Length 2267:Shavuot 2251:Adar II 2045:Shavuot 2009:שַׁבָּת 2004:Shabbat 2000:Shabbat 1909:Tuesday 1766:Shabbat 1749:of the 1698:⁄ 1669:⁄ 1651:⁄ 1641:⁄ 1624:halakim 1617:⁄ 1565:Shabbat 1553:shekiah 1543:Shabbat 1418:, is a 1407:: 1290:Mizrahi 1269:Cuisine 1166:Science 1086:Zemirot 1076:Klezmer 1066:Mizrahi 1056:Secular 1028:Strauss 921:English 916:Yiddish 858:Yossele 828:Armilus 818:Se'irim 813:Arariel 763:Estries 758:Bagdana 699:Gabriel 694:Michael 644:Solomon 614:Gehenna 514:Abraham 479:Genesis 416:Shuadit 406:Shirazi 386:Bukhori 366:Knaanic 344:Yevanic 337:Tetuani 332:Haketia 322:Yiddish 280:Yahudic 229:Barzani 214:Hulaulá 160:Mizrahi 13970:dating 13766:Others 13732:Hebrew 13627:Korean 13438:Epochs 13192:Shevat 13182:Kislev 13157:Tammuz 12903:Sukkot 12806:Jewish 12792:Jewish 12528:Hazzan 12518:Prayer 12395:Siddur 12331:Talmud 12295:Tanakh 12230:Neolog 12203:Reform 12191:Modern 12174:Haredi 12097:Ethics 11963:Shassi 11931:Ladino 11896:Karaim 11879:Juhuri 11721:Targum 11635:Signed 11600:Modern 11595:Hebrew 11563:Xuetes 11359:Dönmeh 11318:Yekkes 10932:Korean 10692:Darian 10642:Soviet 10615:Qumran 10600:Muisca 10518:Celtic 10503:Bulgar 10451:Saints 10427:Julian 10417:Coptic 10363:Yoruba 10294:Slavic 10284:Somali 10231:Nepal 10180:Korean 10142:Gaelic 10121:Jalali 10084:Hebrew 10062:Minguo 10037:Borana 10032:Berber 9995:Baháʼí 9733: 9710: 9676: 9504:. 2008 9445: 9391:Arabic 9290: 9248: 9168:Sukkah 9097: 9026:Betzah 8927: 8848:e.g., 8832:e.g., 8816:e.g., 8800:e.g., 8768:e.g., 8752:e.g., 8736:e.g., 8720:e.g., 8707: 8687: 8508: 8481: 8381: 8235: 8176:13 May 8127: 8010:: 276. 7959: 7730: 7614: 7571: 7395:; 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