49:
33:
2377:
2401:
961:
2353:
2389:
2365:
246:
based on the 19-year-long
Metonic cycle. It is also known as a Rune staff or Runic Almanac. This calendar does not rely on knowledge of the duration of the tropical year or of the occurrence of leap years. It is set at the beginning of each year by observing the first full moon after the winter
364:
of a thirteenth lunar month in a calendar year from time to time. The traditional lunar year of 12 synodic months is about 354 days, approximately eleven days short of the solar year. Thus, every 2 to 3 years there is a discrepancy of 22 to 33 days, or a full synodic month. For example, if it
156:
months in such a way that "in the twentieth year the days should fall in with the same position of the sun from which they had started". As "the twentieth year" takes place nineteen years after "the first year", this seems to indicate that the
Metonic cycle was applied to Numa's calendar.
211:, who became bishop of Laodicea in AD 268, was the first to devise a method for determining the date of Easter Sunday. However, it was some later, somewhat different, version of the Metonic 19-year lunar cycle which, as the basic structure of
234:
is a Celtic lunisolar calendar using the
Metonic cycle. The bronze plaque on which it was found dates from c. AD 200, but the internal evidence points to the calendar itself being several centuries older, created in the Iron Age.
134:, the years 3, 6, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 19 are the long (13-month) years of the Metonic cycle. This cycle forms the basis of the Greek and Hebrew calendars. A 19-year cycle is used for the
402:
are added (one at a time), at intervals of every 2–3 years during the course of 19 solar years. Thus twelve of those years have 12 lunar months and seven have 13 months.
365:
happened some day that the winter solstice and a new moon coincided, it would take 19 tropical years for the coincidence to recur. The mathematical logic is this:
503:
331:
It is possible that the
Polynesian kilo-hoku (astronomers) discovered the Metonic cycle in the same way Meton had, by trying to make the month fit the year.
36:
Depiction of the 19 years of the
Metonic cycle as a wheel, with the Julian date of the Easter New Moon, from a 9th-century computistic manuscript made in
248:
1855:
478:
107:
A tropical year (about 365.24 days) is longer than 12 lunar months (about 354.36 days) and shorter than 13 of them (about 383.90 days). In a
1551:
1227:
100:, in the 5th century BC, judged the cycle to be a whole number of days, 6,940. Using these whole numbers facilitates the construction of a
531:
2126:
2330:
88:
recur at the same time of the year. The recurrence is not perfect, and by precise observation the
Metonic cycle defined as 235
1848:
934:
998:
2320:
2116:
575:
1345:
915:
1872:
1546:
1142:
896:
869:
814:
804:
493:
342:
2421:
1841:
1182:
201:
developed the
Callippic cycle of four 19-year periods for a 76-year cycle with a mean year of exactly 365.25 days.
352:
The
Metonic cycle is the most accurate cycle of time (in a timespan of less than 100 years) for synchronizing the
965:
2253:
1592:
1340:
291:. It is similar to, but slightly different in usage from, the Greek Metonic cycle (being based on a month of
1335:
561:
2431:
1525:
1395:
399:
361:
153:
2426:
2343:
1735:
1715:
470:
2050:
1725:
1697:
1530:
1309:
1792:
991:
41:
2045:
1864:
1730:
1680:
1467:
1314:
255:
17:
889:
Dating the
Passion: The Life of Jesus and the Emergence of Scientific Chronology (200–1600
258:, established during the middle of the 19th century, is also based on cycles of 19 solar years.
2192:
2065:
2000:
1630:
1431:
1177:
1076:
523:
77:
37:
2228:
2157:
1895:
1232:
208:
175:
2299:
2040:
1990:
1910:
1885:
1665:
1606:
1582:
1577:
590:
8:
2405:
2070:
1975:
1925:
1900:
1692:
1587:
1505:
1495:
1270:
1187:
1167:
1157:
984:
718:
320:
124:
689:
594:
84:, from ἐννεακαίδεκα, "nineteen") is a period of almost exactly 19 years after which the
2436:
2393:
2381:
2304:
2218:
1817:
1797:
1675:
1660:
1645:
1567:
1366:
1330:
1132:
925:
Richards, E. G. (2013). "Calendars". In Urban, Sean E.; Seidelmann, P. Kenneth (eds.).
614:
439:
395:
284:
243:
224:
131:
112:
101:
2213:
2060:
1965:
1920:
1625:
1421:
1416:
1260:
1096:
930:
911:
892:
875:
865:
800:
606:
576:"Calendars with Olympiad display and eclipse prediction on the Antikythera Mechanism"
212:
2357:
2325:
2278:
2248:
2238:
2187:
2162:
1822:
1771:
1687:
1635:
1411:
1389:
1255:
1152:
618:
598:
423:
231:
160:
60:
is visible comparing their appearances. A red color shows full moons that are also
319: ≈ 6939.69 days), and likely derived from or alongside the much earlier
2273:
2208:
2177:
2075:
2005:
1755:
1720:
1707:
1670:
1617:
1475:
1370:
1304:
1265:
1102:
971:
574:
Freeth, Tony; Jones, Alexander; Steele, John M.; Bitsakis, Yanis (31 July 2008).
545:
498:
417:
391:
Thus the algorithm is correct to 0.087 days (2 hours, 5 minutes and 16 seconds).
343:
https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/publications/Understanding_Sea_Level_Change.pdf
279:
271:
190:
186:
178:
which offers unexpected evidence for the popularity of the calendar based on it.
128:
115:), there are twelve years of 12 lunar months and seven years of 13 lunar months.
97:
48:
398:
to 'catch up' to this discrepancy and thus maintain seasonal consistency, seven
2136:
2015:
1950:
1930:
1655:
1453:
1441:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1299:
1222:
1147:
449:
435:
239:
149:
247:
solstice. The oldest one known, and the only one from the Middle Ages, is the
197:
cycle insofar as provided with a
Metonic structure. In the following century,
2415:
2243:
2223:
1572:
1485:
1436:
1426:
1066:
879:
357:
353:
288:
93:
61:
52:
For example, by the 19-year Metonic cycle, the full moon repeats on or near
2369:
2106:
1955:
1650:
1448:
1162:
1137:
1122:
1088:
1048:
610:
85:
1833:
849:
Essays in Hawaiian Literature Part 1 Origin Myths and Migration traditions
822:
686:
The month is 29.5 days and 793 "parts", where a part is 1/18 of a minute.
141:
The Babylonians applied the 19-year cycle from the late sixth century BC.
1945:
1890:
1350:
1247:
1209:
1192:
1127:
1108:
1041:
1021:
429:
220:
89:
840:
Greek & Roman Calendars: Construction of Time in the Classical World
602:
2263:
2080:
2025:
1985:
1915:
1117:
1112:
1007:
821:. Washington, DC: United States Naval Observatory. 2022. Archived from
760:
444:
411:
168:
2167:
2020:
2010:
1995:
1940:
1935:
1880:
1807:
1787:
1520:
1480:
1217:
1026:
198:
189:. An important example of an application of the Metonic cycle in the
57:
53:
2268:
2096:
1960:
1802:
1640:
1284:
1197:
719:"Jewish religious year | Cycle, Holidays, & Facts | Britannica"
205:
135:
32:
385:
a span of 235 synodic months (29.53059 × 235) lasts 6,939.689 days
2172:
2035:
2030:
1980:
1970:
1812:
1036:
1031:
372:
a span of 19 tropical years (365.2422 × 19) lasts 6,939.602 days
2283:
2233:
2182:
2055:
1905:
960:
164:
1237:
976:
708:
days. Multiplying this by 235 gives the length of the cycle.
1171:
1053:
929:(3rd ed.). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books.
216:
145:
2364:
644:
1071:
748:
656:
573:
339:
Sea level calculations also depend on the Metonic cycle.
92:
is just 2 hours, 4 minutes and 58 seconds longer than 19
378:
That duration is almost the same as 235 synodic months:
772:
494:"Ask Tom: How unusual is a full moon on Christmas Day?"
118:
736:
668:
2341:
632:
219:'s Easter table, would ultimately prevail throughout
1552:
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
251:, which is believed to date from the 13th century.
927:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
862:The Paschal tract of Anatolius, bishop of Laodicea
2413:
687:
174:The Metonic cycle has been implemented in the
1849:
992:
855:
797:Anno Domini: The Origins of the Christian Era
690:"Calendar FAQ: the Hebrew calendar: New moon"
650:
283:, meaning "cycle") is a 19-year cycle in the
223:, at least until in the year 1582, when the
1863:
360:), when the method of synchronizing is the
1856:
1842:
999:
985:
972:Eclipses, Cosmic Clockwork of the Ancients
908:Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History
856:McCarthy, Daniel P.; Breen, Aidan (2003).
56:between 1711 and 2300. A small horizontal
680:
426:(304-year cycle from 2nd century BC)
1547:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
924:
905:
813:
794:
778:
766:
754:
674:
662:
567:
491:
47:
31:
946:Time Counts: The Story of the Calendars
943:
886:
846:
742:
638:
14:
2414:
837:
534:from the original on 2 September 2023.
506:from the original on 22 December 2015.
27:19-year pattern in lunisolar calendars
1837:
980:
481:from the original on 8 November 2023.
382:A synodic month lasts 29.53059 days.
369:A tropical year lasts 365.2422 days.
347:
278:
688:Tøndering, Trine; Tøndering, Claus.
119:Application in traditional calendars
24:
1346:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
948:. New York: Philosophical Library.
858:The ante-Nicene Christian Pasch |
847:Johnson, Rubellite Kawena (2001).
492:Skilling, Tom (20 December 2015).
261:
25:
2448:
953:
530:. Utrecht University. July 2021.
471:"Rare Full Moon on Christmas Day"
181:The (19-year) Metonic cycle is a
136:computation of the date of Easter
2399:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
959:
819:The Astronomical Almanac Online!
420:(76-year cycle from 330 BC)
1228:English and British regnal year
711:
152:(reigned 715–673 BC), inserted
1006:
887:Nothaft, C Philipp E. (2012).
551:
538:
516:
510:
485:
463:
334:
204:Around AD 260 the Alexandrian
13:
1:
2254:Inferior and superior planets
1341:Old Style and New Style dates
864:. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
788:
1293:Pre-Julian / Julian
326:
167:is said to have visited the
7:
1526:Geological history of Earth
1396:Astronomical year numbering
910:. Oxford University Press.
414:(8-year cycle of antiquity)
405:
185:cycle, as is the (76-year)
148:, the second king of Rome,
10:
2453:
2331:Medieval Islamic astronomy
2128:On the Sizes and Distances
795:Declercq, Georges (2000).
81:
2321:Medieval European science
2313:
2292:
2201:
2150:
2089:
2051:Sosigenes the Peripatetic
1871:
1780:
1764:
1748:
1706:
1698:Thermoluminescence dating
1616:
1605:
1593:Samarium–neodymium dating
1560:
1539:
1513:
1504:
1466:
1404:
1359:
1323:
1292:
1283:
1246:
1208:
1087:
1062:
1014:
651:McCarthy & Breen 2003
524:"The Babylonian Calendar"
1412:Chinese sexagenary cycle
944:Watkins, Harold (1954).
906:Richards, E. G. (1998).
456:
305:days, giving a cycle of
2422:Ancient Greek astronomy
2046:Sosigenes of Alexandria
1865:Ancient Greek astronomy
1626:Amino acid racemisation
838:Hannah, Robert (2005).
2118:On Sizes and Distances
1631:Archaeomagnetic dating
1143:Era of Caesar (Iberia)
769:, s.v. year, tropical.
528:Mathematical Institute
65:
45:
2229:Deferent and epicycle
2158:Antikythera mechanism
1531:Geological time units
356:and the lunar month (
176:Antikythera mechanism
171:once every 19 years.
51:
35:
2300:Babylonian astronomy
1991:Hippocrates of Chios
1583:Law of superposition
1578:Isotope geochemistry
968:at Wikimedia Commons
860:De ratione paschali:
842:. London: Duckworth.
477:. 17 December 2015.
2071:Theon of Alexandria
1716:Fluorine absorption
1693:Luminescence dating
1588:Luminescence dating
1496:Milankovitch cycles
1336:Proleptic Gregorian
1168:Hindu units of time
603:10.1038/nature07130
595:2008Natur.454..614F
287:system used by the
132:lunisolar calendars
38:St. Emmeram's Abbey
2432:Periodic phenomena
2305:Egyptian astronomy
2219:Circle of latitude
1818:Terminus post quem
1798:Synchronoptic view
1765:Linguistic methods
1726:Obsidian hydration
1661:Radiometric dating
1646:Incremental dating
1568:Chronostratigraphy
825:on 21 October 2020
723:www.britannica.com
557:Diodorus Siculus,
440:Byzantine calendar
400:intercalary months
396:lunisolar calendar
348:Mathematical basis
285:lunisolar calendar
244:perpetual calendar
225:Gregorian calendar
113:lunisolar calendar
102:lunisolar calendar
82:ἐννεακαιδεκαετηρίς
66:
46:
2427:Time in astronomy
2339:
2338:
2214:Celestial spheres
1831:
1830:
1744:
1743:
1601:
1600:
1462:
1461:
1417:Geologic Calendar
1279:
1278:
964:Media related to
936:978-1-891389-85-6
891:. Leiden: BRILL.
757:, pp. 94–96.
665:, pp. 65–66.
280:[maχˈzor]
213:Dionysius Exiguus
16:(Redirected from
2444:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2391:
2390:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2367:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2326:Indian astronomy
2279:Sublunary sphere
2249:Hipparchic cycle
2188:Mural instrument
2163:Armillary sphere
2142:
2132:
2122:
2112:
2102:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1835:
1834:
1823:ASPRO chronology
1772:Glottochronology
1688:Tephrochronology
1636:Dendrochronology
1614:
1613:
1511:
1510:
1310:Proleptic Julian
1300:Pre-Julian Roman
1290:
1289:
1085:
1084:
1001:
994:
987:
978:
977:
963:
949:
940:
921:
902:
883:
852:
843:
834:
832:
830:
810:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
715:
709:
707:
706:
702:
699:
693:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
642:
636:
630:
629:
627:
625:
580:
571:
565:
555:
549:
542:
536:
535:
520:
514:
508:
507:
489:
483:
482:
467:
452:("the Computus")
424:Hipparchic cycle
318:
317:
313:
310:
304:
303:
299:
296:
282:
277:
232:Coligny calendar
227:was introduced.
161:Diodorus Siculus
109:Metonic calendar
83:
44:14456, fol. 71r)
21:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2309:
2288:
2274:Spherical Earth
2209:Callippic cycle
2197:
2178:Equatorial ring
2146:
2140:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2085:
2076:Theon of Smyrna
1867:
1862:
1832:
1827:
1776:
1760:
1756:Molecular clock
1749:Genetic methods
1740:
1721:Nitrogen dating
1708:Relative dating
1702:
1671:Potassium–argon
1618:Absolute dating
1608:
1597:
1556:
1535:
1500:
1476:Cosmic Calendar
1468:Astronomic time
1458:
1400:
1355:
1319:
1305:Original Julian
1275:
1242:
1204:
1103:Ab urbe condita
1081:
1058:
1010:
1005:
956:
937:
918:
899:
872:
828:
826:
807:
791:
786:
785:
779:Richards (2013)
777:
773:
767:glossary (2022)
765:
761:
755:Richards (1998)
753:
749:
741:
737:
727:
725:
717:
716:
712:
704:
700:
697:
695:
685:
681:
673:
669:
661:
657:
649:
645:
637:
633:
623:
621:
589:(7204): 614–7.
578:
572:
568:
556:
552:
546:Ab Urbe Condita
543:
539:
522:
521:
517:
511:
499:Chicago Tribune
490:
486:
469:
468:
464:
459:
418:Callippic cycle
408:
350:
337:
329:
315:
311:
308:
306:
301:
297:
294:
292:
275:
264:
262:Hebrew calendar
256:Bahá'í calendar
193:is the 19-year
191:Julian calendar
187:Callippic cycle
121:
98:Meton of Athens
74:enneadecaeteris
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2450:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2384:
2372:
2360:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2138:On the Heavens
2134:
2124:
2114:
2111:(Eratosthenes)
2104:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Philip of Opus
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1793:New Chronology
1790:
1784:
1782:
1781:Related topics
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1658:
1656:Paleomagnetism
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1611:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1454:New Earth Time
1451:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1383:
1378:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1315:Revised Julian
1312:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1233:Lists of kings
1230:
1225:
1223:Canon of Kings
1220:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1175:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1148:Before present
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1106:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1004:
1003:
996:
989:
981:
975:
974:
969:
955:
954:External links
952:
951:
950:
941:
935:
922:
917:978-0192862051
916:
903:
897:
884:
870:
853:
844:
835:
811:
805:
790:
787:
784:
783:
781:, p. 587.
771:
759:
747:
745:, p. 238.
735:
710:
694:This comes to
679:
667:
655:
643:
641:, p. 168.
631:
566:
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537:
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509:
484:
461:
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458:
455:
454:
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450:Date of Easter
447:
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404:
389:
388:
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376:
375:
374:
373:
349:
346:
336:
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328:
325:
263:
260:
249:Nyköping staff
240:Runic calendar
215:' and also of
150:Numa Pompilius
120:
117:
94:tropical years
90:synodic months
62:lunar eclipses
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2449:
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2259:Metonic cycle
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Heliocentrism
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Counter-Earth
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
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2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
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2131:(Aristarchus)
2129:
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2027:
2024:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
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2004:
2002:
1999:
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1969:
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1607:Chronological
1604:
1594:
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1576:
1574:
1573:Geochronology
1571:
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1527:
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1512:
1509:
1507:
1506:Geologic time
1503:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1491:Metonic cycle
1489:
1487:
1486:Galactic year
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1427:ISO week date
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
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1379:
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1199:
1196:
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1191:
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1173:
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1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1133:Byzantine era
1131:
1129:
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1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1089:Calendar eras
1086:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1043:
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1039:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
988:
983:
982:
979:
973:
970:
967:
966:Metonic cycle
962:
958:
957:
947:
942:
938:
932:
928:
923:
919:
913:
909:
904:
900:
898:9789004212190
894:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
871:9781851826971
867:
863:
859:
854:
850:
845:
841:
836:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
806:9782503510507
802:
798:
793:
792:
780:
775:
768:
763:
756:
751:
744:
739:
724:
720:
714:
691:
683:
677:, p. 66.
676:
675:Declercq 2000
671:
664:
663:Declercq 2000
659:
653:, p. 17.
652:
647:
640:
635:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
570:
563:
560:
554:
547:
541:
533:
529:
525:
519:
513:
505:
501:
500:
495:
488:
480:
476:
472:
466:
462:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
437:
434:
431:
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409:
403:
401:
397:
392:
384:
383:
381:
380:
379:
371:
370:
368:
367:
366:
363:
362:intercalation
359:
358:synodic month
355:
354:tropical year
345:
344:
340:
332:
324:
322:
290:
289:Jewish people
286:
281:
273:
269:
259:
257:
252:
250:
245:
241:
236:
233:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
172:
170:
166:
163:reports that
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
144:According to
142:
139:
137:
133:
130:
126:
116:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
79:
78:Ancient Greek
75:
71:
70:Metonic cycle
63:
59:
55:
50:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
2406:Solar System
2258:
2137:
2127:
2121:(Hipparchus)
2117:
2108:Catasterismi
2107:
2097:
1956:Eratosthenes
1736:Stratigraphy
1681:Uranium–lead
1651:Lichenometry
1490:
1449:Winter count
1432:Mesoamerican
1360:Astronomical
1178:Mesoamerican
1163:Sothic cycle
1138:Seleucid era
1123:Bosporan era
1111: /
1101:
1049:Paleontology
945:
926:
907:
888:
861:
857:
848:
839:
827:. Retrieved
823:the original
818:
799:. Turnhout.
796:
774:
762:
750:
743:Johnson 2001
738:
726:. Retrieved
722:
713:
682:
670:
658:
646:
639:Nothaft 2012
634:
622:. Retrieved
586:
582:
569:
558:
553:
548:, I, XIX, 6.
540:
527:
518:
512:
497:
487:
474:
465:
393:
390:
377:
351:
341:
338:
330:
268:Small Maḥzor
267:
265:
253:
237:
229:
203:
194:
182:
180:
173:
169:Hyperboreans
159:
143:
140:
122:
108:
106:
86:lunar phases
73:
69:
67:
29:
2394:Outer space
2382:Spaceflight
2239:Geocentrism
2151:Instruments
2141:(Aristotle)
1946:Cleostratus
1911:Aristarchus
1891:Anaximander
1873:Astronomers
1676:Radiocarbon
1351:Dual dating
1210:Regnal year
1188:Short Count
1128:Bostran era
1109:Anno Domini
1042:Big History
1022:Archaeology
728:14 November
559:Bibl. Hist.
432:of eclipses
430:Saros cycle
335:Tidal Epoch
221:Christendom
154:intercalary
138:each year.
111:(a type of
2416:Categories
2314:Influenced
2293:Influences
2264:Octaeteris
2193:Triquetrum
2081:Timocharis
2066:Theodosius
2026:Posidonius
1986:Hipparchus
1976:Heraclides
1916:Aristyllus
1901:Apollonius
1896:Andronicus
1271:Vietnamese
1183:Long Count
1118:Anno Mundi
1113:Common Era
1015:Key topics
1008:Chronology
815:"Glossary"
789:References
445:Julian day
412:Octaeteris
323:calendar.
321:Babylonian
276:pronounced
125:Babylonian
2437:Calendars
2358:Astronomy
2168:Astrolabe
2101:(Ptolemy)
2021:Philolaus
2011:Oenopides
1996:Hypsicles
1941:Cleomedes
1936:Callippus
1926:Autolycus
1881:Aglaonice
1808:Year zero
1788:Chronicle
1731:Seriation
1666:Lead–lead
1540:Standards
1521:Deep time
1481:Ephemeris
1367:Lunisolar
1331:Gregorian
1324:Gregorian
1285:Calendars
1248:Era names
1218:Anka year
1097:Human Era
1027:Astronomy
880:367715096
851:. author.
327:Polynesia
209:Anatolius
206:computist
199:Callippus
183:lunisolar
58:libration
54:Christmas
2269:Solstice
2202:Concepts
2098:Almagest
2041:Seleucus
2001:Menelaus
1961:Euctemon
1803:Timeline
1641:Ice core
1514:Concepts
1261:Japanese
1193:Tzolk'in
1158:Egyptian
829:30 March
611:18668103
532:Archived
504:Archived
479:Archived
406:See also
2344:Portals
2173:Dioptra
2036:Pytheas
2031:Ptolemy
1981:Hicetas
1971:Geminus
1966:Eudoxus
1921:Attalus
1886:Agrippa
1813:Floruit
1561:Methods
1422:Iranian
1390:Islamic
1256:Chinese
1067:Periods
1037:History
1032:Geology
703:⁄
619:4400693
591:Bibcode
314:⁄
300:⁄
274:מחזור,
123:In the
18:Metonic
2284:Zodiac
2234:Equant
2183:Gnomon
2061:Thales
2056:Strabo
1906:Aratus
1609:dating
1405:Others
1371:Hebrew
1266:Korean
1077:Epochs
933:
914:
895:
878:
868:
803:
624:20 May
617:
609:
583:Nature
544:Livy,
394:For a
272:Hebrew
165:Apollo
129:Hebrew
76:(from
2370:Stars
2090:Works
2006:Meton
1951:Conon
1442:Aztec
1386:Lunar
1381:Solar
1375:Hindu
1238:Limmu
1198:Haab'
1153:Hijri
705:25920
701:13753
615:S2CID
579:(PDF)
562:II.47
457:Notes
436:Attic
302:25920
298:13753
242:is a
195:lunar
1931:Bion
1437:Maya
1172:Yuga
1072:Eras
1054:Time
931:ISBN
912:ISBN
893:ISBN
876:OCLC
866:ISBN
831:2022
801:ISBN
730:2021
626:2014
607:PMID
475:NASA
438:and
316:5184
312:3575
307:6939
254:The
238:The
230:The
217:Bede
146:Livy
127:and
68:The
599:doi
587:454
72:or
42:Clm
2418::
1373:,
874:.
817:.
721:.
696:29
613:.
605:.
597:.
585:.
581:.
526:.
502:.
496:.
473:.
293:29
266:A
104:.
96:.
80::
2346::
1857:e
1850:t
1843:v
1392:)
1388:(
1377:)
1369:(
1174:)
1170:(
1000:e
993:t
986:v
939:.
920:.
901:.
882:.
833:.
809:.
732:.
698:+
692:.
628:.
601::
593::
564:.
309:+
295:+
270:(
64:.
40:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
