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459:, Netherlands, 30 August 1852. His father was Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Sr., a physician, and his mother was Alida Kolff van 't Hoff. From a young age, he was interested in science and nature, and frequently took part in botanical excursions. In his early school years, he showed a strong interest in poetry and
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In 1878, van 't Hoff married
Johanna Francina Mees. They had two daughters, Johanna Francina (1880–1964) and Aleida Jacoba (1882–1971), and two sons, Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff III (1883–1943) and Govert Jacob (1889–1918). Van 't Hoff died at the age of 58, on 1 March 1911, at
643:. A German translation appeared in 1877, at a time when the only job van 't Hoff could find was at the Veterinary School in Utrecht. In these early years his theory was largely ignored by the scientific community, and was sharply criticized by one prominent chemist,
651:"A Dr. J. H. van 't Hoff of the Veterinary School at Utrecht has no liking, apparently, for exact chemical investigation. He has considered it more convenient to mount Pegasus (apparently borrowed from the Veterinary School) and to proclaim in his
1291:(Proposal for the Extension of Current Chemical Structural Formulas into Space, together with Related Observation on the Connection between Optically Active Power and the Chemical Constitution of Organic Compounds) . Available in English at:
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Voorstel tot
Uitbreiding der Tegenwoordige in de Scheikunde gebruikte Structuurformules in de Ruimte, benevens een daarmee samenhangende Opmerking omtrent het Verband tusschen Optisch Actief Vermogen en chemische Constitutie van Organische
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866:(1908). Of his numerous distinctions, van 't Hoff regarded winning the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry as the culmination of his career. The following are named after him:
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for almost 18 years before eventually becoming the chairman of the chemistry department. In 1896, van 't Hoff moved to
Germany, where he finished his career at the
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for his work with solutions. His work showed that very dilute solutions follow mathematical laws that closely resemble the laws describing the behavior of
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Three months before his doctoral degree was awarded, van 't Hoff published this theory, which today is regarded as the foundation of
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Patrick Coffey, Cathedrals of
Science: The Personalities and Rivalries That Made Modern Chemistry, Oxford University Press, 2008.
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Spek, Trienke M. van der (2006). "Selling a Theory: The Role of
Molecular Models in J. H. van 't Hoff's Stereochemistry Theory".
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Kreuzfeld, HJ; Hateley, MJ. (1999). "125 years of enantiomers: back to the roots
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff 1852–1911".
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how, in his bold flight to the top of the chemical
Parnassus, the atoms appeared to him to be arranged in cosmic space."
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699:. In 1886, he showed a similarity between the behaviour of dilute solutions and gases. In 1887, he and German chemist
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Meijer, E. W. (2001). "Jacobus
Henricus van 't Hoff; Hundred Years of Impact on Stereochemistry in the Netherlands".
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427:. In his 1874 pamphlet, van 't Hoff formulated the theory of the tetrahedral carbon atom and laid the foundations of
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Hornix WJ, Mannaerts SHWM, Van 't Hoff and the emergence of
Chemical Thermodynamics, Delft University Press, 2001,
482:. He passed all his courses in two years, although the time assigned to study was three years. Then he enrolled at
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De geschiedenis van de scheikunde in
Nederland. Deel 1: Van alchemie tot chemie en chemische industrie rond 1900
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in September 1869, and studied until 1871, when he passed his final exam on 8 July and obtained a degree of
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However, by about 1880, support for van 't Hoff's theory by such important chemists as
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Chemical Structure, Spatial Arrangement: The Early History of Stereochemistry, 1874–1914
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10.1002/1521-3773(20011015)40:20<3783::AID-ANIE3783>3.0.CO;2-J
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In 1884, van 't Hoff published his research on chemical kinetics, titled
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found in nature. He shares credit for this with the French chemist
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and their neighbors were directed towards the corners of a regular
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Against the wishes of his father, van 't Hoff chose to study
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Een romantisch geleerde: Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1852–1911)
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to chemical equilibria. He also introduced the modern concept of
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were an important contribution to Prussia's chemical industry.
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Van 't Hoff became a lecturer in chemistry and physics at the
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Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
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Van 't Hoff earned his earliest reputation in the field of
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846:(1911). Van 't Hoff became an Honorary Member of the
683:), in which he described a new method for determining the
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The third of seven children, van 't Hoff was born in
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of his time, van 't Hoff was the first winner of the
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Archives neerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles
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411:. His pioneering work helped found the modern theory of
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Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
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Beziehungen zwischen Eigenschaften und Zusammensetzung
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Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1897
794:. Other distinctions include honorary doctorates from
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In 1885, van 't Hoff was appointed as a Member of the
443:. He is also widely considered one of the founders of
624:. This three-dimensional structure accounted for the
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and in 1889 provided physical justification for the
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Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
703:founded an influential scientific magazine named
431:. In 1875, he predicted the correct structures of
1298:Reprinted in French in: J.H. van 't Hoff (1874)
943:(in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1900.
933:(in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1899.
923:(in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1898.
913:(in German). Braunschweig: Vieweg und Sohn. 1894.
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1336:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
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632:, who independently came up with the same idea.
727:in Berlin. His studies of the salt deposits at
3483:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
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1506:including the Nobel Lecture, 13 December 1901
1300:"Sur les formules de structure dans l'espace,"
852:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
788:Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
754:. He then worked as a professor of chemistry,
605:. In 1874, he accounted for the phenomenon of
27:Dutch physical and organic chemist (1852–1911)
3528:Members of the American Philosophical Society
3508:Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
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2941:
1541:
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950:Foundations of the theory of dilute solutions
790:. In 1904, he was elected as a member to the
399:; 30 August 1852 – 1 March 1911) was a Dutch
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1030:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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838:(1911), and appointed Knight of the French
3154:Nobel Prize laureates from the Netherlands
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1508:Osmotic Pressure and Chemical Equilibrium
1484:Works by Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
1334:"Jacobus Hendrik van 't Hoff (1852–1911)"
1323:. YouTube. Retrieved on 30 December 2015.
1321:Planar Methane – Periodic Table of Videos
1229:
1220:
1044:Osmotic Pressure and Chemical Equilibrium
576:Learn how and when to remove this message
1243:
1241:
1202:
1058:"Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Biography"
1014:
770:in 1911. In 1901, he received the first
733:
723:. In 1896, he became a professor at the
587:
539:This section includes a list of general
1097:Angewandte Chemie International Edition
989:
975:. London: Royal Society. Archived from
965:
486:to study chemistry. He then studied in
14:
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1211:
1094:
3423:Delft University of Technology alumni
3408:20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
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1529:
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1412:Working Group Small Body Nomenclature
1247:
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1021:"van't Hoff, Jacobus Hendricus"
890:, discovered by astronomers with the
781:
670:
394:
3523:Academic staff of Utrecht University
3453:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1129:
705:Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie
596:
525:
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24:
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545:it lacks sufficient corresponding
447:as the discipline is known today.
25:
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1477:
1265:Entry in Digital Album Promotorum
715:'s theory of the dissociation of
1778:
1498:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
1468:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
1461:
1286:*Van 't Hoff (3 September 1874)
1192:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
953:. Edinburgh: Alembic Club. 1929.
530:
388:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr.
51:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Jr.
1373:
1348:
1326:
1314:
1280:
1258:
1254:. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann.
1185:
3503:Tuberculosis deaths in Germany
3281:Johannes Diderik van der Waals
1158:
1123:
1088:
1076:
1049:
1034:
1008:
983:
973:"Fellows of the Royal Society"
792:American Philosophical Society
681:"Studies in Chemical Dynamics"
476:Delft University of Technology
136:Delft University of Technology
13:
1:
1488:Biodiversity Heritage Library
1381:"Jacobus Hendrik van 't Hoff"
1216:. Delftse Universitaire Pers.
958:
709:Journal of Physical Chemistry
334:Veterinary College in Utrecht
3473:Nobel laureates in Chemistry
3428:Dutch expatriates in Germany
3403:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
3170:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
2975:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
1251:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
1230:Cordfunke, E. H. P. (2001).
1085:, Bazendijk: Rotterdam, 1875
864:Netherlands Chemical Society
836:Prussian Academy of Sciences
725:Prussian Academy of Sciences
677:Études de Dynamique chimique
450:
198:Predicting the existence of
187:Predicting the structure of
7:
3443:20th-century Dutch chemists
1046:from Nobelprize.org website
844:Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft
814:(1908). He was awarded the
738:J.H. van 't Hoff with
502:under Eduard Mulder at the
372:Other notable students
10:
3544:
990:Ramberg, Peter J. (2017).
842:(1894) and Senator in the
31:
3518:Utrecht University alumni
3513:University of Bonn alumni
3488:Scientists from Rotterdam
3347:
3254:
3233:
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3008:
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2584:
2285:
2026:
1787:
1776:
1567:
1523:
1518:Links to related articles
1212:H.A.M., Snelders (1993).
1144:10.1080/00033790500480816
886:On 14 May 2021, asteroid
862:in Paris (1905), and the
856:American Chemical Society
653:‘La chimie dans l’espace’
521:
381:
371:
361:
351:
327:
309:
302:
284:Nobel Prize for Chemistry
251:
164:
128:
120:
94:
72:
56:
49:
3463:Leiden University alumni
2702:Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
1981:Wendell Meredith Stanley
1561:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
1408:"WGSBN Bulletin Archive"
901:
848:British Chemical Society
812:University of Heidelberg
808:University of Manchester
772:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
691:and applied the laws of
592:Van 't Hoff in the 1900s
474:. First, he enrolled at
409:Nobel Prize in Chemistry
18:Jacobus van 't Hoff
3438:Dutch physical chemists
1083:La Chemie dans l'Espace
1027:Encyclopædia Britannica
881:Le Bel–Van 't Hoff rule
764:University of Amsterdam
641:La chimie dans l'espace
560:more precise citations.
439:as well as their axial
425:chemical thermodynamics
403:. A highly influential
338:University of Amsterdam
243:Le Bel–Van 't Hoff rule
213:Chemical thermodynamics
171:One of the founders of
3478:Dutch organic chemists
3349:Physiology or medicine
3321:Martinus J. G. Veltman
3289:Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
3082:Nobel Prize recipients
3067:Emil Adolf von Behring
3059:Physiology or Medicine
2866:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2854:M. Stanley Whittingham
1825:Hans von Euler-Chelpin
1064:. The Nobel Foundation
743:
657:
593:
3433:Dutch Nobel laureates
2236:Christian B. Anfinsen
1876:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
1056:Grandin, Karl (ed.).
892:Palomar–Leiden survey
860:Académie des Sciences
830:. He was awarded the
737:
667:brought recognition.
649:
609:by assuming that the
591:
504:University of Utrecht
480:chemical technologist
396:[vɑn(ə)tˈɦɔf]
322:Theoretical chemistry
156:University of Utrecht
3498:Theoretical chemists
3305:Nicolaas Bloembergen
2898:Karl Barry Sharpless
2395:Dudley R. Herschbach
2220:Luis Federico Leloir
1360:search.amphilsoc.org
1356:"APS Member History"
1270:24 July 2011 at the
910:Chimie dans l'espace
876:Van 't Hoff equation
822:in 1893 (along with
768:University of Berlin
484:University of Leiden
417:chemical equilibrium
343:University of Berlin
233:Van 't Hoff equation
223:Chemical equilibrium
141:University of Leiden
2890:Carolyn R. Bertozzi
2802:Jean-Pierre Sauvage
2539:Jens Christian Skou
2507:F. Sherwood Rowland
2419:Charles J. Pedersen
2383:Herbert A. Hauptman
2076:Vincent du Vigneaud
1693:Richard Willstätter
1577:Jacobus van 't Hoff
804:Victoria University
685:order of a reaction
661:Johannes Wislicenus
405:theoretical chemist
376:Frederick G. Donnan
151:University of Paris
3374:Nikolaas Tinbergen
3366:Christiaan Eijkman
3313:Simon van der Meer
2850:John B. Goodenough
2778:William E. Moerner
2658:Richard R. Schrock
2630:Roderick MacKinnon
2602:K. Barry Sharpless
2427:Johann Deisenhofer
2256:Geoffrey Wilkinson
2252:Ernst Otto Fischer
2176:Robert S. Mulliken
2112:Jaroslav Heyrovský
2060:Hermann Staudinger
1880:Irène Joliot-Curie
1500:on Nobelprize.org
1466:Works by or about
1276:Utrecht University
1248:Cohen, E. (1899).
1234:. Vossiuspers UvA.
1194:on Nobelprize.org
871:Van 't Hoff factor
782:Honours and awards
744:
721:Arrhenius equation
671:Physical chemistry
594:
514:, near Berlin, of
498:. He received his
494:and in Paris with
445:physical chemistry
314:Physical chemistry
238:Van 't Hoff factor
181:Modern concept of
177:physical chemistry
146:University of Bonn
3390:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3223:Tjalling Koopmans
3206:Economic sciences
3121:
3120:
2923:
2922:
2906:Moungi G. Bawendi
2826:Richard Henderson
2670:Roger D. Kornberg
2638:Aaron Ciechanover
2471:Rudolph A. Marcus
2375:Robert Merrifield
2311:Peter D. Mitchell
2084:Cyril Hinshelwood
1845:Friedrich Bergius
1769:Richard Zsigmondy
1685:Theodore Richards
1633:Ernest Rutherford
1447:978-0-19-532134-0
1132:Annals of Science
1103:(20): 3783–3789.
979:on 16 March 2015.
920:Chemische Dynamik
888:34978 van 't Hoff
826:), and elected a
711:"). He worked on
697:chemical affinity
603:organic chemistry
597:Organic chemistry
586:
585:
578:
421:chemical kinetics
413:chemical affinity
385:
384:
362:Doctoral students
318:Organic chemistry
304:Scientific career
288:
279:
271:
218:Chemical kinetics
193:asymmetric carbon
183:chemical affinity
16:(Redirected from
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1609:Adolf von Baeyer
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1593:Svante Arrhenius
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840:Legion of Honour
713:Svante Arrhenius
607:optical activity
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561:
556:this section by
547:inline citations
534:
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490:, Germany, with
467:to be his idol.
463:. He considered
401:physical chemist
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228:Osmotic pressure
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898:in his memory.
850:in London, the
832:Helmholtz Medal
784:
740:Wilhelm Ostwald
701:Wilhelm Ostwald
673:
647:. Kolbe wrote:
637:stereochemistry
599:
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571:
565:
562:
552:Please help to
551:
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429:stereochemistry
391:
347:
320:
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294:Helmholtz Medal
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208:Stereoisomerism
173:stereochemistry
160:
129:Alma mater
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63:Van 't Hoff by
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2838:Gregory Winter
2834:Frances Arnold
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2758:Michael Levitt
2754:Martin Karplus
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2690:Martin Chalfie
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2351:Roald Hoffmann
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2303:Ilya Prigogine
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2272:John Cornforth
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2240:Stanford Moore
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2188:Ronald Norrish
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1478:External links
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1018:, ed. (1911).
1016:Chisholm, Hugh
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2678:Gerhard Ertl
2662:Yves Chauvin
2610:John B. Fenn
2598:Ryoji Noyori
2585:2001–present
2559:Ahmed Zewail
2519:Harold Kroto
2503:Mario Molina
2431:Robert Huber
2403:John Polanyi
2387:Jerome Karle
2323:Georg Wittig
2208:Derek Barton
2200:Lars Onsager
2152:Giulio Natta
2148:Karl Ziegler
2140:John Kendrew
1908:Richard Kuhn
1833:Hans Fischer
1649:Otto Wallach
1585:Emil Fischer
1576:
1507:
1416:. Retrieved
1411:
1402:
1390:. Retrieved
1384:
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
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1316:
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1302:
1289:Verbindingen
1287:
1282:
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1100:
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1061:
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1036:
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1010:
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985:
977:the original
967:
949:
939:
929:
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885:
858:(1898), the
810:(1903), and
785:
745:
717:electrolytes
708:
704:
680:
676:
674:
665:Viktor Meyer
658:
652:
650:
640:
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544:
516:tuberculosis
508:
469:
454:
387:
386:
328:Institutions
303:
100:(1911-03-01)
98:1 March 1911
41:
29:
3418:1911 deaths
3413:1852 births
3194:Ben Feringa
3178:Peter Debye
2958:Nobel Prize
2810:Ben Feringa
2794:Aziz Sancar
2774:Stefan Hell
2770:Eric Betzig
2547:Walter Kohn
2515:Robert Curl
2491:George Olah
2479:Kary Mullis
2455:Elias Corey
2447:Thomas Cech
2399:Yuan T. Lee
2367:Henry Taube
1900:Paul Karrer
1888:Peter Debye
1868:Harold Urey
1754:Fritz Pregl
1715:Fritz Haber
1657:Marie Curie
1426:Bulletin #1
1392:1 September
750:College in
622:tetrahedron
566:August 2020
558:introducing
366:Ernst Cohen
189:tetrahedral
121:Nationality
42:Van 't Hoff
3397:Categories
3337:Andre Geim
2986:Literature
2646:Irwin Rose
2626:Peter Agre
2551:John Pople
2359:Aaron Klug
2264:Paul Flory
2212:Odd Hassel
2136:Max Perutz
2017:Kurt Alder
2013:Otto Diels
1841:Carl Bosch
1472:Wikisource
1167:Enantiomer
1138:(2): 157.
959:References
816:Davy Medal
756:mineralogy
748:Veterinary
541:references
465:Lord Byron
461:philosophy
259:Davy Medal
79:1852-08-30
34:Dutch name
3161:Chemistry
3069:(Germany)
3050:(Germany)
2967:Chemistry
2960:laureates
2331:Paul Berg
2286:1976–2000
2027:1951–1975
1957:Otto Hahn
1788:1926–1950
1568:1901–1925
1557:Laureates
1309::445–454.
1152:218636163
1068:15 August
729:Stassfurt
506:in 1874.
500:doctorate
472:chemistry
457:Rotterdam
451:Biography
441:chirality
437:cumulenes
87:Rotterdam
3031:(France)
3001:(France)
1293:ChemTeam
1268:Archived
1179:10672458
1117:11668534
854:(1892),
802:(1901),
689:graphics
613:between
512:Steglitz
275:ForMemRS
106:Steglitz
32:In this
3256:Physics
3040:Physics
1559:of the
1365:28 June
1340:17 July
834:of the
818:of the
796:Harvard
762:at the
760:geology
752:Utrecht
742:(right)
626:isomers
554:improve
433:allenes
203:allenes
67:in 1904
38:surname
3376:(1973)
3368:(1929)
3360:(1924)
3339:(2010)
3331:(1999)
3323:(1999)
3315:(1981)
3307:(1981)
3299:(1953)
3291:(1913)
3283:(1910)
3275:(1902)
3267:(1902)
3246:(1911)
3225:(1975)
3217:(1969)
3196:(2017)
3188:(1995)
3180:(1936)
3172:(1901)
2904:2023:
2888:2022:
2876:2021:
2864:2020:
2848:2019:
2832:2018:
2816:2017:
2800:2016:
2784:2015:
2768:2014:
2752:2013:
2740:2012:
2732:2011:
2716:2010:
2700:2009:
2684:2008:
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2668:2006:
2652:2005:
2636:2004:
2624:2003:
2608:2002:
2592:2001:
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2218:1970:
2206:1969:
2198:1968:
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2146:1963:
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2110:1959:
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1418:16 May
1177:
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806:, the
758:, and
687:using
615:carbon
543:, but
522:Career
423:, and
392:Dutch:
310:Fields
297:(1911)
287:(1901)
278:(1897)
270:(1895)
262:(1893)
252:Awards
200:chiral
110:Berlin
36:, the
3235:Peace
3088:1901
3010:Peace
2956:1901
1148:S2CID
902:Works
896:named
776:gases
618:atoms
124:Dutch
3113:1906
3108:1905
3103:1904
3098:1903
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2990:1901
1941:1942
1934:1941
1927:1940
1860:1933
1761:1924
1722:1919
1707:1917
1700:1916
1453:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1420:2021
1394:2019
1367:2021
1342:2015
1175:PMID
1113:PMID
1070:2008
996:ISBN
800:Yale
798:and
663:and
488:Bonn
435:and
175:and
95:Died
73:Born
1486:at
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