522:
449:, but he was not yet associating his work in the field of genetics with any political positions. However, after 1934, Prezent began introducing Lysenko to Marxist theory and party politics, which led to increasingly political tone of Lysenko's pronouncements, as well as to both Lysenko and Prezent denouncing
323:
until 1938. The alliance with
Lysenko proved extremely useful for both men, as Lysenko got a politically savvy mentor in Prezent, while Prezent managed to return to political grace by associating himself with Lysenko and changing his views on biology and genetics in the process. From 1935 to 1941,
503:
or at least fired. In 1935 and 1936 Lysenko and
Prezent brought the debates over genetics to the center of party politics. In those two years, the so-called "Academy Sessions" took place. It was a series of scientific debates chaired by Stalin himself, where Lysenko and Prezent counterposed their
379:
Prezent's attack on plant ecologists occurred in
February 1931. As a representative of Leningrad branch of Communist Academy, he had a role in the organization of the First All-Union Conference of Geobotanists and Floristics Experts. The conference was sponsored by the Botanical Institute, but
391:
views. He considered conservationism a "wrecking theory", holding that it opposed the
Stalinist views on progress, understood here as a triumph of working men and their technology. Proponents of conservationism, such as Raikov, were therefore considered by Prezent to be
480:, but it was even possible for organisms of one species to transform into another species by acquiring appropriate characteristics over the course of their lives. The proponents of Lysenkoism advocated for the use of these "findings" in agriculture in order to increase
351:
In 1951, Prezent was made to leave both university positions due to concerns about his capacity to teach biology. He returned to VASKhNIL, where he stayed until the beginning of 1969, when he was dismissed due to his association with
Lysenkoism.
344:, where he became a full member in 1948. From 1943 until 1951, Prezent held a chair of Darwinism and History of Biology at LGU, while for the final three years of that period (1948-1951) simultaneously being the dean of the Faculty of Biology of
504:
views to those of mainstream geneticists. The entire time, Prezent was extremely active in presenting
Lysenko's works publicly as acts of genius. The full triumph came during a conference in 1948, when Lysenko announced genetics to be a
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512:
supported such stance. After this, any serious engagement with non-Lysenkoist genetics became impossible in the Soviet Union until 1964, especially at
Lysenko-headed VASKhNIL, and Prezent-headed MGU Department of Darwinism.
453:. Prezent's influence on Lysenko was not limited to the philosophical and political aspects of the latter's work. Despite Prezent's lack of formal education in biology, he was one of Lysenko's main sources of information on
248:
as a political instructor. He soon resumed his studies, and graduated from
Faculty of Social Sciences of LGU in 1926. As a recognition for his work on biology, he was awarded a doctorate in biological sciences in 1936.
423:. Similarly to the tactics he employed in fighting the botanists, Prezent waited until the December 1931 All-Union Faunistics Conference, and navigated its organization into silencing and attacking conservationism.
320:
495:, as well as his prominence, predated his cooperation with Prezent, it was only after 1934 that his debate with the mainstream geneticists became politicized. In that period, and with the full support of
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was published in 20,000 copies, which marked the demise of conservationism in ecological education. Raikov and his associates were arrested or exiled. Raikov himself spent the
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and
Breeders in 1929, but it was not until 1934 that they started closely cooperating in Lysenko's lab in Odesa. By that time, Lysenko was already following
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During the early 1930s, Prezent established himself as a critic of the leading Soviet ecologists of the time, and especially of the sub-field of
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political theory that came to be known as
Lysenkoism. Lysenko's teachings were based on his concept of "natural cooperation", as opposed to
959:
257:
After graduating, Prezent worked on achieving transition from social sciences to biology by acquainting himself to some of the lead Soviet
383:
Boris Raikov was Prezent's former colleague from Herzen Institute, and as of 1930 he was already under attacks from the organization of
276:, where he quickly rose through the academic ranks and became a docent within a couple of years. At the same time, he was active in the
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300:
studies at LGU, parallel with his activities in the Communist Academy. In this early part of his career, Prezent was mostly focused on
591:Классовая борьба на естественно-научном фронте. Обработанная стенограмма доклада на Конференции педагогов-естественников г. Ленинграда
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Prezent nonetheless managed to overtake "methodological leadership" and put forward his agenda against biocenological botanists.
308:
288:, and in that or following year Prezent assumed a position of the head of biology sector of the natural science section of the
964:
954:
415:
The attack on zoologists started early, during the Fourth All-Union Congress of Zoologists, Anatomists, and Histologists in
994:
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activist while still in high school. Parallel with being a teacher in Zapadnaya Dvina, he helped found a local branch of
529:
Isaak Prezent died of cancer on 6 January 1969 in Moscow. It was only several days after being dismissed from VASKhNIL.
284:
for Nauchno obshchestvo marksistov). There he co-headed the group focused on biology. In 1930, NOM was merged into the
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in May 1930, where Prezent first made his criticism of biocenology public in an exchange with the prominent zoologist
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241:
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117:
97:
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224:, and after completing it in 1919, he returned to Zapadnaya Dvina to teach in a local railway school. He became a
583:(Презент И. И. "Теория Дарвина в свете диалектического материализма". . — Л.: Леногиз-Ленмедиздат, 1932. — 32 с.)
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269:. However, the two would later become major adversaries, once Prezent joined Lysenko and denounced genetics.
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However, from 1932 on, many of the academic Marxist societies were shut down, after the proponents of
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fell out of favor with the regime. In 1934, Prezent had to leave university, and he moved to
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to assume a gubernatorial-level party function. Following a party decision, he enrolled at
8:
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525:
Prezent's grave at the Cemetery in Memory of the Victims of 9 January in St. Petersburg
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in 1922. He temporarily left university in 1923 to take part in the late stages of the
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50:
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synthesis of Michurin's evolutionary biology, Prezent's philosophy of science, and
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176:
905:(2nd ed.). Pittsburgh, Pa: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 129–133.
689:
368:-oriented ecologists, attack on then-most prominent Soviet educator in the field
262:
214:
179:: Исаа́к (Исай) Изра́илевич Презе́нт; 27 September 1902 – 6 January 1969) was a
902:
Models of Nature: Ecology, Conservation and Cultural Revolution in Soviet Russia
685:
Eco-socialism#1880s–1930s – Marx, Morris and influence on the Russian Revolution
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as such. His attack on biocenologists had three directions: attack on the
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336:). In 1939, he became Lysenko's consultant for philosophical issues at
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651:И. В. Мичурин — основоположник советского творческого дарвинизма
365:
341:
72:
792:"The Role of Isaak Prezent in the Rise and Fall of Lysenkoism"
756:. Электронная библиотека «Научное Наследие России». 2015-03-16
400:". In 1932, one of the Prezent's anti-Raikov speeches, titled
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In Cooperation with Nature. I.V. Michurin and His Teachings
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Selection and the Theory of the Stages of Plant Development
565:Происхождение речи и мышления. (К вопросу об их приоритете)
416:
210:
87:
567:. Предисл. Б. А. Фингерта. — Л.: «Прибой», 1928. — 128 с.)
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that he rejected. According to Lysenko, not only that the
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branch of Communist Academy. In 1931, he started teaching
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647:
I.V. Michurin - The Founder of Soviet Creative Darwinism
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Darwin's Theory in the World of Dialectical Materialism
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acquired characteristics of organisms were inheritable
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631:В содружестве с природой. И. В. Мичурин и его учение
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The Outline of the Program of Historical Materialism
980:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
272:After leaving Vavilov, Prezent started teaching at
768:
265:. Prezent even briefly worked for Vavilov at the
931:
555:Программа-конспект по историческому материализму
324:Prezent was a deputy editor-in-chief of journal
157:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
831:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 163.
637:The Great Transformator of Nature I.V. Michurin
338:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Science
611:Замечательный новатор Трофим Денисович Лысенко
601:Селекция и теория стадийного развития растения
705:List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
641:Великий преобразователь природы И. В. Мичурин
607:The Great Innovator Trofim Denisovich Lysenko
437:Prezent first met Lysenko at the Congress of
321:All-Union Institute of Selection and Genetics
852:
818:
236:member in 1921. Later that year he moved to
975:Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
402:Class Struggle on the Natural Science Front
200:
16:Soviet philosopher of biology (1902–1969)
970:Saint Petersburg State University alumni
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
593:. — М.-Л.: Огиз-Учпедгиз, 1932. — 72 с.)
520:
484:, and alleviate the consequences of the
205:Prezent was born in 1902 in the town of
865:vikent.ru: vydayushchiesya dostizheniya
695:Suppressed research in the Soviet Union
673:. — М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1961. — 198 с.)
657:J.-B. Lamarck - A Materialist Biologist
932:
663:. — М.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1960. — 59 с.)
587:Class Struggle on the Front of Science
499:, many of the Soviet geneticists were
879:
623:. — М.: Пищепромиздат, 1943. — 15 с.)
613:. — Р.-н/Д: Ростиздат, 1939. — 28 с.)
355:
960:Academic staff of Herzen University
421:Vladimir Vladimirovich Stanchinskiy
213:family. His father owned a shop in
13:
861:"Prezent Isaak (Isay) Izrailevich"
653:. . — М.: «Правда», 1951. — 24 с.)
603:. — М.: Сельхозгиз, 1935. — 64 с.)
427:Prezent's cooperation with Lysenko
261:of the time, including geneticist
14:
1026:
1005:20th-century Russian philosophers
643:. — М.-Л.: Детгиз, 1949. — 63 с.)
633:. — Л.: Лениздат, 1946. — 132 с.)
557:. — Л.: Б. и., 1927. — ? с.)
544:
539:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
537:In 1943, Prezent was awarded the
491:While many of Lysenko's views on
193:and as one of the key figures of
118:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
577:. — Л.: «Прибой», 1930. — 55 с.)
575:Бехаизм. (Новая религия Востока)
561:The Origin of Speech and Thought
242:Leningrad State University (LGU)
232:, and was finally accepted as a
173:Isaak (Isay) Izrailevich Prezent
1000:20th-century Russian biologists
859:Vikent'ev, Igor' Leonardovich.
667:I.V. Michurin and His Teachings
661:Биолог-материалист Ж. Б. Ламарк
387:. Prezent objected to Raikov's
220:Prezent went to high school in
867:. Vikent'ev Igor' Leonardovich
828:Who's Who in Russia Since 1900
599:(Лысенко Т. Д., Презент И. И.
460:Lysenko eventually produced a
278:Scientific Society of Marxists
1:
716:
186:, best known for his work on
965:Academicians of the VASKhNIL
955:People from Toropetsky Uyezd
621:Резервы картофельного клубня
617:The Reserves of Potato Tuber
274:Herzen Pedagogical Institute
7:
995:Pseudoscientific biologists
899:Weiner, Douglas R. (2000).
677:
267:Institute of Plant Industry
10:
1031:
750:"Презент Исаак Израилевич"
671:И. В. Мичурин и его учение
486:Soviet famine of 1930–1933
430:
149:Leningrad State University
98:Leningrad State University
825:McCauley, Martin (1997).
700:Politicization of science
532:
370:Boris Yevgenyevich Raikov
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166:
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130:
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103:
93:
83:
61:
33:Isaak Izrailevich Prezent
28:
21:
790:Rispoli, Giulia (2014).
516:
372:, and finally attack on
201:Early life and education
990:Philosophers of science
985:Philosophers of biology
950:20th-century biologists
506:bourgeois pseudoscience
346:Moscow State University
315:, where he worked with
153:Moscow State University
898:
858:
824:
789:
754:Научное наследие Росии
748:
526:
191:methodology of science
184:philosopher of biology
524:
376:-focused ecologists.
309:"cultural revolution"
139:philosophy of science
802:(42). Archived from
710:Agricultural science
1015:Soviet philosophers
806:on 12 December 2019
527:
451:Mendelian genetics
356:Attacks on ecology
1010:Soviet biologists
510:Central Committee
474:natural selection
462:pseudo-scientific
385:young naturalists
286:Communist Academy
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161:Herzen University
125:Scientific career
51:Pskov Governorate
43:28 September 1902
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669:(Презент И. И.
659:(Презент И. И.
649:(Презент И. И.
639:(Презент И. И.
629:(Презент И. И.
619:(Презент И. И.
609:(Презент И. И.
589:(Презент И. И.
563:(Презент И. И.
553:(Презент И. И.
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389:conservationist
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263:Nikolai Vavilov
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431:Main article:
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340:(VASKhNIL) in
317:Trofim Lysenko
296:of nature and
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23:Isaak Prezent
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916:. Retrieved
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808:. Retrieved
804:the original
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406:World War II
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326:Yarovizaciya
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306:
298:evolutionary
271:
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172:
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145:Institutions
124:
77:Soviet Union
67:(1969-01-06)
945:1969 deaths
940:1902 births
493:agriculture
445:version of
439:Geneticists
410:Arkhangelsk
398:bourgeoisie
366:botanically
362:biocenology
84:Citizenship
934:Categories
717:References
573:(Даров И.
447:Lamarckism
443:Michurin's
433:Lysenkoism
332:, meaning
330:Яровизация
328:(Russian:
294:dialectics
282:initialism
259:biologists
195:Lysenkoism
108:Lysenkoism
39:1902-09-28
466:Stalinist
455:Darwinism
290:Leningrad
246:Civil War
226:communist
678:See also
472:idea of
470:Darwin's
230:Komsomol
207:Toropets
47:Toropets
571:Bahaism
374:zoology
348:(MGU).
302:ecology
188:Marxist
177:Russian
135:Biology
918:20 May
909:
871:19 May
844:19 May
835:
810:19 May
760:19 May
533:Awards
501:purged
497:Stalin
482:yields
394:agents
342:Moscow
280:(NOM,
253:Career
211:Jewish
181:Soviet
131:Fields
114:Awards
73:Moscow
517:Death
313:Odesa
238:Pskov
234:party
209:in a
920:2017
907:ISBN
873:2017
846:2017
833:ISBN
812:2017
800:XXII
762:2017
417:Kiev
88:USSR
62:Died
29:Born
319:at
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