600:
525:." He also said that as a result of such "great threats", it was necessary to "consolidate strategic alliances in political, economic, technological, energy and social areas." Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, also supported the comments for a "strategic alliance;" he also added that "We are united and determined to end the current unjust which dominates the world and replace it with a new world order based on justice. Iran and Venezuela are united to establish a new world order based on humanity and justice. We believe that the only result of bullying movements of imperialism all around the world, and especially in Latin America, will be the fast decline of imperial power." The two countries also signed deals in areas such as oil, natural gas, textiles, trade and public housing.
27:
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911:. The bill called on the United States to use all elements of national power to counter Iran's growing presence and hostile activity in the Western Hemisphere. Then, on February 2, Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen (R-FL) convened a Committee on Foreign Affairs hearing on Iranian activity in the Western Hemisphere. Finally, on March 7, Duncan's legislation concerning the Iranian government's activities in the Western Hemisphere passed out of the House Foreign Affairs Committee with strong bipartisan support.
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manufacturing, energy, construction and agriculture during talks in
Caracas.” Around this time, Maduro stated that ““While imperialism and its criminal elites have declared war on the Muslim people since more than 10 years ago, we in the Bolivarian Revolution, led by President Chavez, declare our love for the culture of Muslim people, all their history, and declare our eternal brotherhood.”
563:
prohibition against touching a woman who is not your wife or a relative.” After the funeral, Ahmadinejad affirmed that Iran-Venezuelan relations would stay strong regardless of who was elected as the next
Venezuelan president. At the time, as of March 10, 2013, "annual bilateral trade between the two countries is estimated to be in the hundreds of million of US dollars."
362:, in particular in the area of energy production, economic, and industrial cooperation. The two countries have good cooperation in construction, oil and gas, and in infrastructure projects. He has visited Iran on several occasions, the first time in 2001, when he declared that he came to Iran to "prepare the road for
421:". Citing this commonality of opinion, they regard each other as allies, and they have embarked on a number of initiatives together. Chávez never scrimped in displays of support for Ahmadinejad's Iran and immediately recognized the legitimacy of his second term as president and supported Tehran's nuclear policy.
815:
Trade between
Venezuela and Iran has grown steadily and the two countries have launched joint ventures in a number of sectors, including energy, agriculture, housing, and infrastructure (2008). The value of industrial development projects carried out by Iranian firms in Venezuela stands at around $ 4
576:
important historic mission. The
Venezuelan nation should at first progress rapidly to make a prosperous, advanced, rich, and powerful country. Secondly, it should keep the flag of justice and freedom raised in Latin America... relation with Venezuela...symbolizes Iran's relation with Latin America.”
623:
countries. Both Maduro and
Rouhani agreed that falling oil prices resulted from increased fracking in the United States, as well as their “common enemies” using oil prices as a “political ploy.” Rouhani affirmed that Iran and Venezuela would join forces to “thwart world powers’ strategies ... and to
412:
was elected
President of Iran on August 3, 2005. Since then, Ahmadinejad and Chávez visited each other multiple times, signing more than 270 bilateral deals to support multiple campaigns for social and infrastructural national development. Both presidents of Venezuela and Iran, President Hugo Chávez
455:
and backing
Hezbollah guerrillas. In July 2006, Chávez pledged that Venezuela would "stay by Iran at any time and under any condition." He said "We are with you and with Iran forever. As long as we remain united we will be able to defeat imperialism, but if we are divided they will push us aside".
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to hold talks with high-ranking officials in order to follow up on implementation of agreements which had been inked between the two countries in 2006. Additionally, two technical and educational committees for implementing Iran-Venezuela agreements were also set up. The
Iranian delegation visited
562:
reported that
Ahmadinejad attended the funeral of his “good friend” Chavez. Ahmadinejad embraced Chavez's grieving mother at the funeral in “a show of compassion and support,” which according to CNN in Iran “was immediately bashed by newspapers and by conservative politicians who cited a religious
674:
In May 2020, Iran sent five oil tankers to
Venezuela under sanctions of the U.S., because Venezuela's oil refining industry collapsed because of under investment and mismanagement. The names of the ships are Forest, Fortune, Petunia, Faxon and Clavel. These ships were loaded with gasoline at a
88:: روابط ایران و ونزوئلا) have strengthened substantially in recent years. "Iran and Venezuela are two friendly and united states which pave their ways to further progress and welfare for their nations", according to President Rouhani. The two countries are contemporary strategic allies of the
635:
On November 23, 2015, Maduro and Rouhani met in Tehran in Maduro's second visit to the country that year, and the fifth from Venezuelan senior officials. During the meetings, the presidents announced they were re-affirming their country's mutual alliance. In January 2016, Maduro and Rouhani
575:
was held on 14 April 2013 to elect a new president, and Nicolas Maduro won with 50.62% of the votes, and was inaugurated on 19 April. On April 19, 2013, Ahmadinejad arrived in Caracas to take part in Maduro's inauguration ceremony, stating “Venezuela is on the eve of a glorious way and has an
540:
The object of Chávez's Bolivarianism was to create an ideological basin spreading from the Caribbean Sea to the Persian Gulf. It is a role that Iran is trying to carve out for itself amidst the undercurrents engulfing his part of the world and the need to show that Iran is not isolated
536:
for defying US law and sending “Iran two tankers of an oil product.” In September 2011, Ahmadinejad postponed a visit to Caracas while Chavez recovered from a fourth round of cancer treatment, according to officials. Several days earlier, the two countries had “signed cooperation deals on
679:. They carried about 60 million gallons of Iranian gasoline. Because of U.S. sanctions against both countries, Presidents of both countries warned about U.S. attempts to block this fuel delivery. After these threats to disrupt Iranian fuel tankers heading for Venezuela, Foreign Minister
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currently is before the House of Representatives for consideration. If passed into law by Congress, the bill will require the U.S. Secretary of State to submit to Congress a strategy to address Iran's growing presence and activity in the Western Hemisphere within 180 days of enactment.
627:
In June 2015, Iran and Venezuela signed a series of agreements to “fund joint investments and improve the supply of goods,” with Maduro announcing “These are six agreements of major importance for the economy of our countries.” The countries agreed to jointly fund a research program in
587:
As of August 2014, Venezuela and Iran had “signed 265 agreements deriving from 58 projects in the industrial, environmental, agricultural, commercial, educational, sports, housing, cultural, energy and scientific and technology areas.” Early that month, Venezuelan Foreign Minister
636:
reportedly held telephone talks where "Maduro called on Rouhani to promote the adoption of measures to restore oil prices on the world market," with Maduro calling for a meeting of OPEC members to address the issue, and congratulating Rouhani on recent cancelations of sanctions.
644:
In May 2018, Maduro was re-elected for a second term, but the election was denounced as fraudulent by most neighboring countries, the European Union, Canada and the United States. Iran, however, recognized the election and President Rouhani congratulated Maduro.
632:, and Maduro also stated that he secured goods “necessary for the Venezuelan people” such as drugs and surgical equipment. Iran's Minister of Industry, Mines and Trade reportedly stated the agreement was preliminary subject to review by Iran's finance ministry.
553:
became interim president. The day after Chavez's death, Ahmadinejad's personal tribute to Chavez online was met with criticism from some Iranian clerics, when he wrote that Chavez would “return on resurrection day” along with religious figures such as
476:
On January 6, 2007, the two announced that they would use some money from a previously announced $ 2bn joint fund to invest in other countries that were "attempting to liberate themselves from the imperialist yoke", in Chavez's words.
906:
In early 2012, the U.S. Congress began to voice escalating concern over Iran's interests in Latin America, particularly its relations with Venezuela. On January 18, Representative Jeff Duncan (R - South Carolina) introduced the
464:, "If the U.S. succeeds in consolidating its dominance, then the humankind has no future. Therefore, we have to save the humankind and put an end to the U.S.". The reports adds that Chávez lashed out at Israel and labeled the
1935:
889:
that: "Venezuela's military is considering selling its fleet of U.S.-made F-16 fighter jets to another country, possibly Iran, in response to a U.S. ban on arms sales to President Hugo Chávez's government". In response,
914:
Following the hearings, a number of independent reports and position papers were released which appeared to legitimize the threat posed by Iranian activity in the Western Hemisphere. This included a major study by the
513:, Chavez and Ahmadinejad held their own meeting which they called the "G-2" summit, at which the formation of a joint Iranian-Venezuelan development bank was announced, initially with US$ 200 million capital.
1347:
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stabilize prices at a reasonable level in 2015.” At the time, Venezuelan oil accounted for “over 95 percent of the country's export earnings,” with the price of a barrel dropping by half since 2014.
1113:
703:
As Israeli intelligence sources declared, Iran makes relations with Venezuela, and Iranian naval forces are planning to build a naval base at ports of Venezuela to operate out of in the Americas.
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visited Tehran to meet Rouhani in a purported effort to strengthen diplomatic relations, with Iran reaffirming its support for the Bolivarian government, and expressed mutual support of the
898:
spokesman, warned Venezuela and suggested: "Without the written consent of the United States, Venezuela can't transfer these defense articles, and in this case F-16s, to a third country".
711:
Iran's petroleum exports hit a new high in early 2023 due to increased shipments to Venezuela and China. Iran had supported Venezuela's oil exports, and its navy established a presence in
764:. Beyond the political-military sphere the two countries also pledged to work together academically in the commissioning of a new university programme at the existing, tuition-free
1640:
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695:, who was acting as an intermediary for US interests in Iran, and urged him to convey Iran's serious warning about any possible threats by the US against Iranian tankers.
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of Venezuela. The United States, Canada, Brazil and several Latin American countries recognized Guaidó as interim president. Iran continued to support Maduro.
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During a visit to Iran in 2010 by Hugo Chávez, he condemned "military attack threats against Iran by some countries. We know that they can never thwart the
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As of the end of 2008, Iran's beneficence to Venezuela had paid dividends in the form of an Iranian ammunition factory, a car assembly plant (the
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to Iran, an announcement which proved controversial. Also in May 2006, Chávez expressed his favorable view of the production of nuclear energy in
2006:
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billion (December 2008). Iran-Venezuela bilateral trade spiked, from less than $ 189,000 in 2001 to almost $ 57 million by the end of 2008.
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827:, started a Tehran-Caracas flight via Damascus. The flights along with the partnership between Conviasa and Iran Air ceased in 2010.
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The cooperation between the two countries extends beyond the economic domain, to the cultural and scientific ones. At a time when
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2438:"Welcome to House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Ed Royce, Chairman - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Ed Royce, Chairman"
2412:"Welcome to House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Ed Royce, Chairman - House Committee on Foreign Affairs - Ed Royce, Chairman"
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reported that "annual bilateral trade between the two countries is estimated to be in the hundreds of million of US dollars."
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in March 2012. However, it was also suggested that partisan politics contributed to Republicans' interest in the topic.
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Goforth, Sean. “Axis of Unity: Venezuela, Iran & the Threat to America.” Potomac Books Inc., 2011. p. iii.
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2273:"El inusual supermercado que Irán abrió en Venezuela (y qué dice de las tensiones de ambos países con EE.UU.)"
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2513:"Countering Iran in the Western Hemisphere Act of 2012 (2012; 112th Congress H.R. 3783) - GovTrack.us"
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1612:"Maduro recalls Chávez with trip to South Bronx as country makes bid for U.N. security council seat"
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596:, also agreeing to not recognize Israel as a legitimate state. Maduro visited Iran the next month.
1585:
1348:"Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad meets Venezuela's Foreign Minister Nicolas Maduro in Tehran"
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A number of the relations between Iran and Venezuela have been controversial in other countries.
840:
510:
452:
398:
2129:
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1696:"Venezuela, Iran Sign Economic Cooperation Deals; Venezuela Signs $ 500M Credit Line With Iran"
847:, opened a supermarket in Caracas called "Megasis" mainly selling products imported from Iran.
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to warn about the US move to send troops to the Caribbean to obstruct the fuel export. Also
488:(which is a mistranslation) saying "I don't support causing harm to any nation.". (See also
680:
461:
418:
97:
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visited Venezuela on three occasions. During his March 2005 visit, Chávez awarded him the
8:
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On June 11, 2022, Iran and Venezuela signed a 20-year cooperation agreement in Tehran.
652:
of Venezuela declared that Maduro's reelection was invalid and declared its president,
522:
375:
371:
359:
267:
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The two presidents declared an "axis of unity" against "US imperialism" in July 2007.
3734:
2306:
2147:
1936:"As tankers head toward the Caribbean, growing Iran-Venezuela ties draw U.S. concern"
1280:
1237:
593:
581:
379:
286:
2512:
2299:"WSJ News Exclusive | Iranian Military-Owned Conglomerate Sets Up Shop in Venezuela"
1990:"Iran asking Russia to sell military ships, help build new designs: Israeli sources"
550:
306:
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886:
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354:
As President of Venezuela from 1999, before his death, former Venezuelan president
336:
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262:
85:
77:
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for the first time ever. The two countries also announced direct flights between
612:
383:
1082:"Iran: People Rally In Ardakan In Support Of Opposition Leader Mohammad Khatami"
1462:"Ahmadinejad's claim that Chávez will be resurrected with Jesus 'went too far'"
1089:
891:
688:
629:
608:
604:
577:
499:
441:
253:
2202:"A New Transatlantic Challenge for a Nostalgic Aircraft - Powered by Iran Air"
768:, with a focus on teaching socialist principles and to promote discussion of "
653:
484:
said in a television interview that he disagreed with President Ahmadinejad's
355:
291:
3787:
2310:
2052:
1963:"Zarif sends warning letter to UN chief about US threats to Iran oil tankers"
839:
In mid-2020, the Iranian state-run corporation Etka, which, according to the
471:
301:
417:, respectively, have described themselves on the world stage as opposed to "
154:
2248:"EXCLUSIVE: Venezuela Cancels Round-Trip 'Terror Flight' to Syria and Iran"
1466:
712:
676:
529:
390:
and called him a "tireless fighter for all the right causes in the world."
1114:
Presidente Jatami recibió condecoración Collar de la Orden del Libertador.
3704:
1669:"Venezuela Secures Support from Iran & Qatar in the Face of Oil Glut"
944:
882:
793:
481:
2357:"Under U.S. sanctions, Iran and Venezuela sign 20-year cooperation plan"
966:
2386:"Bill Text - 112th Congress (2011-2012) - THOMAS (Library of Congress)"
1911:
589:
397:
reported that Chavez's relationship with Iran and his support of their
256:
1723:"Para compartir esta nota utiliza los íconos que aparecen en el sitio"
873:
In 2006, the Iranian media published series of reports that suggested
3284:
901:
874:
789:
773:
732:
619:
In January 2015, Maduro visited Iran, as a stop on his tour of other
425:
176:
119:
61:
2331:"Iran signs 110 million euro contract to repair Venezuelan refinery"
2026:
1775:"Venezuela election: Fourteen ambassadors recalled after Maduro win"
843:, is owned by Iran's ministry of defense and has connections to the
549:
After Chávez's death was announced on March 5, 2013, vice president
1615:
1543:
1450:. BBC News. 19 April 2013. Retrieved 19 April 2013.</% of votess
1004:
824:
820:
805:
276:
2229:"Venezuela and Iran Strengthen Ties With Caracas-to-Tehran Flight"
2007:"Iranian oil exports end 2022 at a high, despite no nuclear deal".
706:
2049:"Kyrgyzstan News - Venezuela and Iran team up with socialist uni"
809:
748:
720:
451:
when the government faced international criticism for continuing
404:
367:
242:
226:
147:
566:
349:
2540:
1934:
Faiola, Anthony; Ryan, Missy; Cunningham, Erin (May 24, 2020).
1879:"Iran oil shipment: Venezuelan military to escort fuel tankers"
801:
797:
736:
716:
503:
236:
221:
89:
1255:
Chávez exige respetar Irán y aclara que no tiene plan nuclear.
2488:"Why Congress suddenly cares about Iran threat in L. America"
1418:
1416:
1281:
Venezuela's Chavez, Iran's Ahmadinejad Pledge Mutual Support.
800:
sedan), a cement factory and even direct air service between
555:
533:
363:
93:
1749:"Maduro calls on Rouhani to fight for justice in oil market"
639:
2584:
1295:
Karimi, Nasser. Chavez, Ahmedinejad pledge mutual support.
1031:
VENEZUELA E IRÁN EN CAMINO HACIA UNA 'ALIANZA ESTRATÉGICA'.
851:
620:
448:
433:
167:
114:
50:
1413:
1175:
1173:
1005:"President: Iran ready to expand relations with Venezuela"
850:
On May 13, 2022, According to Iran's official news agency
1827:"Guaido vs Maduro: Who backs Venezuela's two presidents?"
1512:
1510:
1493:
1352:
559:
394:
382:
with a term lasting from 3 August 1997 to 3 August 2005,
1635:
1633:
1490:"Ahmadinejad's hug and the future of Chavez's alliance"
1170:
868:
1801:"President Rouhani congratulates Maduro's re-election"
1507:
1453:
1273:
1220:چاوز: جنگنده های اف – ۱۶ را احتمالا به ایران می فروشیم
752:
the Venezuelan Foundation for Seismological Research,
663:
1751:. ‘’Vestnik Kavkaza. January 20, 2016. Archived from
1630:
1448:"Nicolas Maduro sworn in as new Venezuelan president"
1309:
Chávez decorated in Iran; initials cooperation pacts.
1232:
1230:
1228:
924:
Countering Iran in the Western Hemisphere Act of 2012
909:
Countering Iran in the Western Hemisphere Act of 2012
1933:
1907:"Iranian tankers appear to be en route to Venezuela"
1853:"Iran Supports Maduro as the President of Venezuela"
1741:
1424:"Visit to Venezuela by Iran's Ahmadinejad postponed"
1109:
1107:
934:
741:
Iranian Minister of Science, Research and Technology
1604:
532:imposed sanctions on Venezuela's state oil company
1715:
1225:
902:2012: U.S. Congress examines Iran in Latin America
3773:List of ministers of foreign affairs of Venezuela
2380:
2378:
1104:
498:On October 5, 2008, Venezuela's Foreign Minister
3785:
3751:Foreign policy of the Hugo Chávez administration
3700:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
1544:"Iranian Pres. Ahmadinejad arrives in Venezuela"
1238:"Venezuela Threatens to Sell F-16 Fleet to Iran"
1181:"Iran, Venezuela in "axis of unity" against U.S"
472:2007-2009: Axis of unity, "G-2 summit," and bank
1340:
1196:
1194:
1140:
776:said this followed with plans to establish the
707:2023: Increased military presence and oil trade
401:has created concern for the US administration.
2375:
2093:
1567:"Moderate cleric Hassan Rohani wins Iran Vote"
1519:"Iran vows ties with Venezuela to remain firm"
1148:"Ahmadinejad Sworn in as Iran's New President"
917:Center for Strategic and International Studies
516:
405:2005-2006: Start of Ahmadinejad administration
3267:
2567:
1687:
1577:
1056:Hugo Chávez de visita en Irán hasta el lunes.
567:2013-2016: Maduro and Rouhani administrations
447:In July 2006, Chávez paid a two-day visit to
350:2001-2005: Chávez and Khatami administrations
2296:
1481:
1215:
1213:
1191:
881:to Iran. The rumours were confirmed, when a
762:Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research
1536:
1459:
3274:
3260:
2574:
2560:
2297:Talley, Ian; Faucon, Benoit (2020-07-05).
2168:"Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 12/14/08"
2101:"Iran Daily - Domestic Economy - 12/04/08"
1661:
1641:"Hassan Rouhani meets with Nicolas Maduro"
1516:
1116:Radio Nacional de Venezuela (1 Mar 2005).
860:
698:
440:and denied that they had plans to develop
1671:. NSNBC. January 13, 2015. Archived from
1210:
1026:
1024:
780:under accords recently signed with Iran.
739:were working on nuclear cooperation, the
648:In January 2019, the majority opposition
640:2018-2019: Venezuelan presidential crisis
486:alleged call to "wipe Israel off the map"
460:reported that Chávez told a crowd at the
1487:
1443:
1441:
598:
544:
424:In early May 2006, it was reported that
1558:
318:13 December 1925 (Modern Iranian state)
3786:
2245:
2226:
2160:
2152:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1693:
1586:"Venezuela, Iran strengthen relations"
1460:Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud (March 7, 2013).
1201:Iran and Venezuela plan anti-U.S. fund
1021:
812:courtesy of Iran Air, amongst others.
670:2020 Iran gasoline export to Venezuela
3255:
2555:
2485:
1583:
1517:Davidovich, Joshua (March 10, 2013).
1438:
726:
378:for the 21st century". As the fifth
103:
3695:Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas
3221:Trade Promotion Organization of Iran
3159:Views on the nuclear program of Iran
2075:"Iran forging ties to Latin America"
1488:J. Gómez, Eduardo (March 13, 2013).
1376:"Iran and Venezuela open joint bank"
1331:Chavez opposes Ahmadinejad on Israel
869:2006: Venezuela's F-16 fleet to Iran
1564:
1426:. Stabroek News. September 24, 2011
664:2020: Gasoline exports to Venezuela
13:
1088:. 17 February 2011. Archived from
783:
188:1,648,195 km (648,372 sq mi)
82:Las relaciones de Irán y Venezuela
14:
3815:
3226:Foreign direct investment in Iran
2533:
2464:Iran's Influence in the Americas.
2023:"Iranian delegation in Venezuela"
1987:
428:was interested in selling its 21
3804:Bilateral relations of Venezuela
3322:
3283:
3169:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
2667:
2583:
2539:
1694:Tejass, Aditya (June 27, 2015).
1584:Poleo, Helena (August 5, 2014).
1400:"US foes seek 'new world order'"
1129:EE.UU. preocupado por Venezuela.
965:
951:
937:
320:1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic)
191:916,442 km (353,841 sq mi)
175:
166:
153:
146:
137:Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
55:
44:
25:
2546:Relations of Iran and Venezuela
2505:
2486:Walsh, Eddie (March 20, 2012).
2479:
2456:
2430:
2404:
2349:
2337:. Reuters. Reuters. 13 May 2022
2323:
2290:
2265:
2239:
2220:
2194:
2185:
2115:
2067:
2041:
2015:
2000:
1981:
1955:
1927:
1899:
1871:
1845:
1819:
1793:
1767:
1392:
1368:
1324:
1302:
1289:
1248:
1154:. 6 August 2005. Archived from
607:meeting with Iranian President
358:developed strong ties with the
239:– 9,033,000 (16,000,378 metro)
3290:Foreign relations of Venezuela
2227:Romero, Simon (3 March 2007).
1122:
1074:
1049:
997:
986:Foreign relations of Venezuela
877:was interested to sell its 21
316:3200 BC (First Persian Empire)
1:
991:
100:in their respective regions.
2246:Barnes, Ed (26 March 2015).
1701:International Business Times
528:In May 2011, U.S. President
468:as "fascist and terrorist."
245:– 5,576,000 (4,715.1 metro)
7:
3799:Bilateral relations of Iran
3207:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3202:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1265:El Universal (21 May 2006).
1132:BBCMundo.com (14 Mar 2005).
1066:El Universal (18 May 2001).
1041:El Universal (21 May 2001).
930:
778:University of Civilizations
517:2010-2012: Bilateral visits
20:Iranian-Venezuela relations
10:
3820:
3164:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
754:Caracas Central University
667:
490:Israel-Venezuela relations
344:
94:People's Republic of China
3768:
3743:
3722:
3687:
3680:
3664:
3568:
3457:
3331:
3320:
3296:
3194:
3146:
3120:
3094:
3078:
2942:
2744:
2676:
2665:
2596:
2590:Foreign relations of Iran
981:Foreign relations of Iran
747:, headed a delegation to
723:starting in August 2023.
67:
54:
43:
33:
24:
3794:Iran–Venezuela relations
1546:. Alalam. April 19, 2013
758:Simon Bolivar University
132:Islamic Republic of Iran
74:Iran–Venezuela relations
3174:Israeli–Sunni Coalition
3154:Nuclear program of Iran
2012:. Accessed 17 Jan 2023.
1267:Accessed 1 July 2006.
861:International reactions
830:On March 10, 2013, the
699:2022: Iran's Naval base
511:2009 G-20 London summit
502:visited Ahmadinejad in
277:constitutional republic
3710:Diplomatic missions of
3688:Diplomatic initiatives
3212:Diplomatic missions of
3121:Multilateral relations
2960:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1134:Accessed 1 July 2006.
1068:Accessed 1 July 2006.
1043:Accessed 1 July 2006.
823:, in partnership with
770:21st century socialism
616:
466:2006 Lebanon offensive
213:33.74/km (87.4/sq mi)
3241:Ambassadors from Iran
896:U.S. State Department
879:F-16 Fighting Falcons
772:." The government of
766:Bolivarian University
745:Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi
615:on November 23, 2015.
603:Venezuelan President
602:
545:2013: Death of Chavez
430:F-16 Fighting Falcons
2919:United Arab Emirates
2548:at Wikimedia Commons
1755:on December 10, 2018
1618:. September 24, 2014
1523:The Times of Israels
845:Revolutionary Guards
681:Mohammad Javad Zarif
462:University of Tehran
388:Orden del Libertador
210:45/km (116.6/sq mi)
3756:Betancourt Doctrine
3439:Trinidad and Tobago
3339:Antigua and Barbuda
2303:Wall Street Journal
1941:The Washington Post
1729:. November 23, 2015
1649:. November 23, 2015
1571:Wall Street Journal
1092:on 7 September 2018
841:Wall Street Journal
480:On March 16, 2007,
453:its nuclear program
438:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
410:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
393:In March 2005, the
328:Official languages
207:Population density
21:
16:Bilateral relations
3231:Propaganda in Iran
2492:The Jerusalem Post
2469:2013-05-25 at the
2363:. Reuters. Reuters
2233:The New York Times
2105:www.iran-daily.com
2081:. 16 November 2008
2055:on 3 December 2013
1859:. January 24, 2019
1857:Iran International
1646:The Economic Times
1314:2007-01-21 at the
1260:2011-05-18 at the
1207:, January 14, 2007
1061:2011-05-18 at the
1036:2011-05-18 at the
727:Academic relations
617:
523:Islamic Revolution
360:government of Iran
104:Country comparison
90:Russian Federation
19:
3781:
3780:
3764:
3763:
3735:Gulf of Venezuela
3304:Equatorial Guinea
3249:
3248:
2544:Media related to
2462:Stephen Johnson.
2079:Houston Chronicle
1833:. 24 January 2019
1565:Fassihi, Farnaz.
1356:. October 5, 2008
885:advisor told the
683:sent a letter to
650:National Assembly
594:Palestinian state
584:on 15 June 2013.
582:President of Iran
541:internationally.
380:President of Iran
342:
341:
323:15 December 1999
287:Ruhollah Khomeini
71:
70:
3811:
3730:Guayana Esequiba
3685:
3684:
3326:
3314:Sahrawi Republic
3288:
3287:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3253:
3252:
3236:Iranian diaspora
2671:
2588:
2587:
2576:
2569:
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2553:
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2543:
2528:
2527:
2525:
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2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2440:. Archived from
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2414:. Archived from
2408:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2388:. Archived from
2382:
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2204:. Archived from
2198:
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2180:
2179:
2170:. Archived from
2164:
2158:
2157:
2151:
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2140:
2134:
2128:. Archived from
2127:
2119:
2113:
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2107:. Archived from
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2051:. Archived from
2045:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2029:on 14 March 2016
2025:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
2010:Reuters (Energy)
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:breaking defense
1985:
1979:
1978:
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1675:on April 4, 2015
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1322:
1321:(July 31, 2006).
1306:
1300:
1299:(July 29, 2006).
1293:
1287:
1286:(July 29, 2006).
1284:Associated Press
1277:
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959:Venezuela portal
956:
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887:Associated Press
796:, producing the
693:Swiss ambassador
685:António Guterres
658:acting president
573:special election
558:. A week later,
263:Islamic republic
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2123:"Archived copy"
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1316:Wayback Machine
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973:Politics portal
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863:
833:Times of Israel
786:
784:Trade relations
729:
709:
701:
672:
666:
642:
613:Saadabad Palace
580:was elected as
569:
547:
519:
474:
407:
399:nuclear program
384:Mohamed Khatami
352:
347:
319:
317:
298:Current Leader
174:
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96:while opposing
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2532:
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2418:on 13 May 2012
2403:
2392:on 5 July 2016
2374:
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2277:BBC News Mundo
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2208:on 26 May 2016
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1969:. May 17, 2020
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1335:Jerusalem Post
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689:Abbas Araghchi
675:refinery near
668:Main article:
665:
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609:Hassan Rouhani
605:Nicolas Maduro
578:Hassan Rouhani
568:
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551:Nicolás Maduro
546:
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500:Nicolas Maduro
473:
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456:In July 2006,
442:atomic weapons
419:US imperialism
413:and President
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3665:Former states
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3535:South Ossetia
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3444:United States
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2719:United States
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2497:September 10,
2493:
2489:
2482:
2476:(March 2012).
2475:
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2197:
2188:
2174:on 2009-01-29
2173:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2149:
2135:on 2016-01-14
2131:
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2110:
2106:
2102:
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2080:
2076:
2070:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1988:Egozi, Arie.
1984:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1914:
1913:
1908:
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1886:
1885:
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1796:
1781:. 22 May 2018
1780:
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1349:
1343:
1336:
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1298:
1297:Canoe Network
1292:
1285:
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1195:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1158:on 2009-01-29
1157:
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691:summoned the
690:
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436:announced by
435:
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302:Ebrahim Raisi
300:
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233:Largest city
232:
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143:Coat of Arms
142:
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133:
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128:
127:Official Name
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116:
113:
110:
109:
101:
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98:U.S. hegemony
95:
91:
87:
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63:
52:
42:
39:
37:
36:
32:
28:
23:
3714:in Venezuela
3494:
2914:Turkmenistan
2879:Saudi Arabia
2735:
2649:South Africa
2609:Burkina Faso
2520:. Retrieved
2516:
2507:
2495:. Retrieved
2491:
2481:
2473:
2458:
2446:. Retrieved
2442:the original
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:the original
2406:
2394:. Retrieved
2390:the original
2365:. Retrieved
2360:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2334:
2325:
2314:. Retrieved
2302:
2292:
2281:. Retrieved
2279:(in Spanish)
2276:
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2251:
2241:
2232:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2206:the original
2196:
2187:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:the original
2162:
2137:. Retrieved
2130:the original
2117:
2109:the original
2104:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2053:the original
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2027:the original
2017:
2009:
2002:
1993:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1939:
1929:
1917:. Retrieved
1910:
1901:
1889:. Retrieved
1882:
1873:
1861:. Retrieved
1856:
1847:
1835:. Retrieved
1830:
1821:
1809:. Retrieved
1804:
1795:
1783:. Retrieved
1778:
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1753:the original
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1699:
1689:
1677:. Retrieved
1673:the original
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1644:
1620:. Retrieved
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1589:
1579:
1570:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1538:
1526:. Retrieved
1497:. Retrieved
1483:
1471:. Retrieved
1467:The Guardian
1465:
1455:
1428:. Retrieved
1403:. Retrieved
1394:
1383:. Retrieved
1379:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1351:
1342:
1334:
1326:
1319:El Universal
1318:
1304:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1279:FoxNews.com
1275:
1269:(in Spanish)
1264:
1250:
1241:
1222:(Aftab News)
1204:
1184:
1160:. Retrieved
1156:the original
1151:
1142:
1136:(in Spanish)
1131:
1124:
1118:(in Spanish)
1094:. Retrieved
1090:the original
1085:
1076:
1070:(in Spanish)
1065:
1051:
1045:(in Spanish)
1040:
1012:. Retrieved
1009:president.ir
1008:
999:
923:
921:
913:
908:
905:
872:
864:
856:
849:
838:
831:
829:
818:
814:
787:
730:
713:Panama Canal
710:
702:
677:Bandar Abbas
673:
647:
643:
634:
626:
618:
586:
570:
548:
539:
530:Barack Obama
527:
520:
508:
497:
494:
479:
475:
457:
446:
423:
408:
392:
387:
353:
313:Established
274:presidential
260:presidential
136:
131:
126:
111:Common Name
81:
73:
72:
3705:Petrocaribe
3616:Netherlands
3540:South Korea
3530:Philippines
3520:North Korea
3389:El Salvador
3128:Arab League
3060:Switzerland
3020:Netherlands
2884:South Korea
2869:Philippines
2849:North Korea
2752:Afghanistan
2517:GovTrack.us
1162:23 December
1096:11 November
945:Iran portal
883:Hugo Chavez
794:Iran Khodro
792:factory of
654:Juan Guaidó
509:During the
415:Ahmadinejad
356:Hugo Chávez
292:Hugo Chàvez
250:Government
202:28,887.118
199:83,183,741
196:Population
3788:Categories
3672:Yugoslavia
3475:Bangladesh
3470:Azerbaijan
3112:Yugoslavia
2924:Uzbekistan
2899:Tajikistan
2834:Kyrgyzstan
2824:Kazakhstan
2772:Bangladesh
2762:Azerbaijan
2724:after 1979
2316:2021-01-18
2283:2021-01-18
2178:2008-12-14
2139:2012-02-16
1912:Al-Monitor
1863:January 1,
1811:January 1,
1805:Iran Daily
1785:January 1,
1759:August 29,
1733:August 29,
1707:August 29,
1679:August 29,
1653:August 29,
1622:August 28,
1596:August 28,
1550:August 11,
1528:August 28,
1499:August 11,
1473:August 28,
1430:August 28,
1385:2010-05-05
1360:August 28,
1014:2019-07-01
992:References
760:, and the
590:Elias Jaua
257:Khomeinist
3681:Diplomacy
3525:Palestine
3490:Indonesia
3394:Guatemala
3344:Argentina
3179:Sanctions
3086:Australia
2889:Sri Lanka
2864:Palestine
2799:Indonesia
2736:Venezuela
2684:Argentina
2311:0099-9660
1884:Aljazeera
1837:1 January
1727:La Prensa
1205:USA Today
875:Venezuela
819:In 2007,
790:Venirauto
774:Venezuela
733:Venezuela
426:Venezuela
372:stability
120:Venezuela
62:Venezuela
3723:Disputes
3626:Portugal
3601:Holy See
3510:Malaysia
3465:Abkhazia
3434:Suriname
3424:Paraguay
3374:Colombia
3332:Americas
3147:Disputes
3030:Portugal
3000:Holy See
2904:Thailand
2859:Pakistan
2844:Malaysia
2677:Americas
2522:20 April
2467:Archived
2448:20 April
2422:20 April
2396:20 April
2257:20 April
2252:Fox News
2212:20 April
2148:cite web
2085:20 April
2059:20 April
2033:20 April
1616:Fox News
1405:20 April
1312:Archived
1258:Archived
1242:Fox News
1059:Archived
1034:Archived
931:See also
825:Conviasa
821:Iran Air
806:Damascus
656:, to be
376:progress
218:Capital
92:and the
3744:Related
3651:Ukraine
3591:Germany
3581:Denmark
3576:Belarus
3560:Vietnam
3515:Myanmar
3449:Uruguay
3409:Jamaica
3384:Ecuador
3354:Bolivia
3216:in Iran
3195:Related
3079:Oceania
3065:Ukraine
3035:Romania
3005:Hungary
2990:Germany
2980:Finland
2975:Denmark
2965:Croatia
2955:Belarus
2950:Albania
2929:Vietnam
2839:Lebanon
2787:History
2782:Georgia
2767:Bahrain
2757:Armenia
2731:Uruguay
2709:Ecuador
2689:Bolivia
2659:Tunisia
2644:Senegal
2639:Morocco
2604:Algeria
2367:12 June
2361:Reuters
2335:Reuters
1973:May 24,
1947:May 24,
1919:May 22,
1891:May 22,
1831:Reuters
1779:bbc.com
1590:Local10
1185:Reuters
1086:Payvand
810:Caracas
749:Caracas
721:Caracas
458:Reuters
368:justice
345:History
337:Spanish
332:Persian
283:Leader
268:Federal
254:Unitary
243:Caracas
227:Caracas
86:Persian
78:Spanish
3646:Sweden
3636:Serbia
3631:Russia
3621:Poland
3611:Kosovo
3596:Greece
3586:France
3569:Europe
3555:Turkey
3550:Taiwan
3500:Israel
3419:Panama
3414:Mexico
3399:Guyana
3364:Canada
3359:Brazil
3349:Belize
3297:Africa
3095:Former
3055:Sweden
3045:Serbia
3040:Russia
3025:Poland
3015:Kosovo
2995:Greece
2985:France
2943:Europe
2909:Turkey
2829:Kuwait
2819:Jordan
2809:Israel
2714:Mexico
2699:Canada
2694:Brazil
2619:Gambia
2597:Africa
2341:15 May
2309:
894:, the
802:Tehran
798:Samand
737:Russia
717:Tehran
504:Tehran
482:Chavez
237:Tehran
222:Tehran
3641:Spain
3606:Italy
3545:Syria
3505:Japan
3485:India
3480:China
3404:Haiti
3369:Chile
3309:Kenya
3050:Spain
3010:Italy
2934:Yemen
2894:Syria
2874:Qatar
2814:Japan
2794:India
2777:China
2654:Sudan
2634:Libya
2629:Kenya
2624:Ghana
2614:Egypt
2133:(PDF)
2126:(PDF)
1592:. ABC
556:Jesus
534:PDVSA
364:peace
185:Area
162:Flag
3495:Iran
3458:Asia
3429:Peru
3379:Cuba
3138:NATO
3107:Rome
2854:Oman
2804:Iraq
2745:Asia
2704:Cuba
2524:2016
2499:2021
2474:CSIS
2450:2016
2424:2016
2398:2016
2369:2022
2343:2022
2307:ISSN
2259:2016
2214:2016
2154:link
2087:2016
2061:2016
2035:2016
1975:2020
1967:Irna
1949:2020
1921:2020
1893:2020
1865:2021
1839:2021
1813:2021
1787:2021
1761:2016
1735:2016
1709:2016
1681:2016
1655:2016
1624:2016
1598:2016
1552:2016
1530:2016
1501:2016
1475:2016
1432:2016
1407:2016
1362:2016
1164:2008
1098:2012
922:The
852:IRNA
808:and
735:and
719:and
621:OPEC
449:Iran
434:Iran
374:and
115:Iran
51:Iran
1494:CNN
1380:CNN
1353:UPI
611:in
560:CNN
492:.)
395:BBC
3790::
3712:/
3214:/
2515:.
2490:.
2377:^
2359:.
2333:.
2305:.
2301:.
2275:.
2250:.
2231:.
2150:}}
2146:{{
2103:.
2077:.
1992:.
1965:.
1938:.
1909:.
1881:.
1855:.
1829:.
1803:.
1777:.
1725:.
1698:.
1643:.
1632:^
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