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forces in 1204. That same year, the collars on the four horses were added to obscure where the animals' heads had been severed to allow them to be transported from
Constantinople to Venice. Shortly after the Fourth Crusade,
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The horses remained in place over St Mark's until the early 1980s, when damage from air pollution led them to be removed and put on display inside the basilica. They were replaced on the loggia with replicas.
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in 1797 but were returned in 1815. The sculptures have been removed from the facade and placed in the interior of St Mark's for conservation purposes, with replicas in their position on the loggia.
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In light of their short backs and long legs, it has been argued that they were originally situated above the eye line, probably created to top a
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141:. The relatively low tin content increased the casting temperature to 1200–1300 °C. The copper was chosen to give a more satisfactory
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in Rome (c. 175 AD). But some say the evident technical expertise and naturalistic rendering of the animals suggest they were made in
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Analysis suggests that the sculptures are at least 96.67% copper, and therefore should be viewed not as made from
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107:. Many scholars believe they were sculpted in the 2nd or 3rd century AD, noting similarities to the
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Thames and Hudson an
English translation of a 1977 Venetian city government publication, p. 191
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The horses, along with the quadriga with which they were depicted, were long displayed at the
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In 1815, following the final defeat of
Napoleon, the horses were returned to Venice by
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A History of The
Boissier-Scobell Families" by Henry Boissier, 1933 page 7.
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The Horses of St Mark's: A Story of
Triumph in Byzantium, Paris and Venice
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and was with the
Coalition forces in Paris where he was selected, by the
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or some other grand building. Perhaps commissioned by the
Emperor
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23:The original Horses inside the St Mark's Basilica
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532:The Renaissance Discovery of Classical Antiquity
71:). The horses were placed on the facade, on the
408:"The Arrangement of the Tetrarchs and Quadriga"
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491:Museum of the Missing: A history of Art Theft
177:" mentioned in the 8th- or early 9th-century
161:, depicting the return of the horses in 1815.
91:in 1204. They remained there until looted by
558:shows the location of the horses until 1204.
230:, where they were used in the design of the
183:. As part of the sack of the capital of the
63:, originally part of a monument depicting a
960:Churches and Monasteries of Constantinople
592:Public spaces and structures of Byzantine
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53:Horses of the Hippodrome of Constantinople
157:The Return of the Horses of San Marco by
495:. Sterling Publishing Co,. Inc. p.
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16:Ancient bronze horse statues in Venice
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226:from the basilica and carried off to
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109:Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
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1046:Works looted by the Fourth Crusade
1011:Hellenistic-style Roman sculptures
958:For churches and monasteries, see
826:Imperial Library of Constantinople
130:, where they were long displayed.
115:of the 5th and 4th centuries BC.
89:sack and looting of Constantinople
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67:(a four-horse carriage used for
31:The replica Horses of Saint Mark
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530:, V., noted by Roberto Weiss,
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475:Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai
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1051:Art and cultural repatriation
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1016:Hippodrome of Constantinople
801:Hippodrome of Constantinople
795:University of Constantinople
791:Capitolium of Constantinople
534:(Oxford: Blackwell) 1973:35.
232:Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel
167:Hippodrome of Constantinople
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1021:Bronze sculptures in Venice
831:Praetoria of Constantinople
263:of the Horses of Saint Mark
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261:Conservation-restoration
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454:The Horses of San Marco
387:A Handbook of Roman Art
245:. He had fought at the
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191:, they were looted by
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820:Horses of Saint Mark
714:Palace of Blachernae
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628:Forum of Constantine
385:Henig, Martin (ed),
215:admired them there.
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37:Horses of Saint Mark
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862:Column of Justinian
857:Column of the Goths
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105:classical antiquity
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908:Baths of Zeuxippus
898:Aqueduct of Valens
847:Column of Arcadius
432:. Overlook Press.
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251:Emperor of Austria
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608:Amastrianum
477:, ch. 84.Th
83:, northern
1005:Categories
903:Ballıgerme
668:Strategion
613:Augustaion
526:Petrarch,
506:1402728298
452:Anon 1979
395:0714822140
374:References
356:, replicas
352:Facade of
327:Carlo Naya
653:Mese Odos
218:In 1797,
211:in 1254.
753:Harbours
729:Magnaura
648:Hebdomon
236:quadriga
220:Napoleon
213:Petrarch
193:Venetian
93:Napoleon
65:quadriga
59:of four
414:: 1–21.
187:in the
149:History
99:Origins
41:Italian
693:Chalke
617:Milion
503:
436:
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313:(1905)
205:Venice
173:under
139:copper
135:bronze
81:Venice
73:loggia
61:horses
228:Paris
171:Chios
85:Italy
514:2014
501:ISBN
434:ISBN
391:ISBN
198:Doge
35:The
79:in
51:or
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