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2104:, women are depicted with open legs, implying that they are to be passive and an object to be used. In A. W. Eaton's essay "What's Wrong with the (Female) Nude? A Feminist Perspective on Art and Pornography", she discusses multiple ways in which the art of the female nude objectifies women. She considers how male nudes are both less common and represented as active and heroic, whereas female nudes are significantly more prevalent and represent women as passive, vulnerable, sexual objects. The feminist art history movement has aimed to change the way this image is perceived. The female nude has become less of an icon in Western art since the 1990s, but this decline in importance did not stop members of the feminist art movement from incorporating things like the "central core" image. This way of representing the nude female figure in art was focused on the fact that women were in control of their own image. The central image was focused on
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1796:. Although having some references to the traditions of single female figures, the women were portrayed as voracious, distorted, and semi-abstract. According to the artist, he wanted to "create the angry humor of tragedy"; having the frantic look of the atomic age, a world in turmoil, a world in need of comic relief. Later, Greenberg added that "Maybe ... I was painting the woman in me. Art isn't a wholly masculine occupation, you know. I'm aware that some critics would take this to be an admission of latent homosexuality ... If I painted beautiful women, would that make me a non-homosexual? I like beautiful women. In the flesh—even the models in magazines. Women irritate me sometimes. I painted that irritation in the Woman series. That's all." Such ideas could not be expressed by pure abstraction alone. Some critics, however, see the Woman series as
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impropriety, but rather it being indicative of low status or disgrace. Non-sexual, or functional nudity was common in early civilizations due to the climate. Children were generally naked until puberty, and public baths were attended nude by mixed gender groups. Those with low status – not only slaves – might be naked or, when clothed, would disrobe when necessary for strenuous work. Dancers, musicians, and acrobats would be nude while performing. Many nude images depicted these activities. Other nude images were symbolic, idealized images of warriors and goddesses; while gods where shown dressed to indicate their status. The figure depicted in the
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412:, gods and heroes were shown nude, while ordinary mortals were less likely to be so, though athletes and warriors in combat were often depicted nude. The nudes of Greco-Roman art are conceptually perfected ideal persons, each one a vision of health, youth, geometric clarity, and organic equilibrium. Kenneth Clark considered idealization the hallmark of true nudes, as opposed to more descriptive and less artful figures that he considered merely naked. His emphasis on idealization points up an essential issue: seductive and appealing as nudes in art may be, they are meant to stir the mind as well as the passions.
864:(1431–1506) is considered by art historians to have been a pivotal figure in the resurgence of nudes in art because of his love of the ancient classical world and how he incorporated classical principles of form into his creations. He is not the first to use classical influences in his work. However, few painters before him did this to the conspicuous degree and quality to which he did. He is known as a master of form, and his nudes are noteworthy because his style is influenced by his study of ancient classical sculpture and his knowledge of ancient classical Greek and Roman culture. The drawing of
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of female beauty did not include black women. White women were represented as a sexual image, and they were the ideal sexual image for men during the
Renaissance. White women, in most major works before the 20th century, did not have pubic hair. Black women normally did, and this created their image in an animalistic sexual way. While the white women's image became one of innocence and the idealized, black women were continually overtly sexualized, she adds.
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1544:, the female nude is a matter of containing sexuality; in the case of the classical art history view represented by Kenneth Clark, this is about idealization and de-emphasis of overt sexuality, while the modern view recognizes that the human body is messy, unbounded, and problematical. If a virtuous woman is dependent and weak, as was assumed by the images in classical art, then a strong, independent woman could not be portrayed as virtuous.
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time that any nude may be suspect in the view of many patrons and the public, art critics may reject work that is not cutting edge. Relatively tame nudes tend to be shown in museums, while works with shock value are shown in commercial galleries. The art world has devalued simple beauty and pleasure, although these values are present in art from the past and in some contemporary works.
241:. In early historical times similar images represented fertility deities. When surveying the literature on the nude in art, there are differences between defining nakedness as the complete absence of clothing versus other states of undress. In early Christian art, particularly in references to images of Jesus, partial dress (a loincloth) was described as nakedness.
777:. The shape of the female "Gothic nude" was very different from the classical ideal, with a long body shaped by gentle curves, a narrow chest and high waist, small round breasts, and a prominent bulge at the stomach. Male nudes tended to be slim and slight in figure, probably drawing on apprentices used as models, but were increasingly accurately observed.
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seen specifically as a white male, and he was the only one who held the innate talent and creativity to be a successful professional artist. This belief system was prevalent in nude art. Women were depicted as passive, and they did not possess any control over their image. The female nude during the
Renaissance was an image created by the male gaze.
2297:, with line, form, and composition as the primary objective, rather than the subject person. A life drawing is a work that has been drawn from an observation of a live model. Study of the human figure has traditionally been considered the best way to learning how to draw, beginning in the late Renaissance and continuing to the present.
2157:, which uses a nude female figure to represent the spirit of Wollstonecraft's feminism. This has caused great deals of controversy, with people questioning why Hambling chose to depict Wollstonecraft in nude form. However, Hambling has argued that her reasoning is to depict Wollstonecraft as a spirit and a representation of every woman.
127:. The shocking elements were that it showed a particular model in a contemporary setting, with pubic hair rather than the smooth perfection of goddesses and nymphs, who returned the gaze of the viewer rather than looking away. Some of the same characteristics were shocking almost 70 years later when Manet exhibited his
541:. Many deities and sacred figures are shown partially or entirely nude. Many images also show figures in very thin clinging fabrics, that are effectively nudes; paint may have originally made the difference between clothed and unclothed areas more clear. Nude sculptures are found at Buddhist sites such as
114:, first published in 1956. The introductory chapter makes (though does not originate) the often-quoted distinction between the naked body and the nude. Clark states that to be naked is to be deprived of clothes, and implies embarrassment and shame, while a nude, as a work of art, has no such connotations.
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the criticisms embodied within the male gaze nude depictions of women. Artists have instilled the female gaze in the nudes they create. Rather than women being the object of men's desires, some artists have challenged traditional narratives of women, depicting them contrastingly as being non-sexualised.
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dating back to 7,000 BCE and continue to this day to be generated. In the Indian and
Southeast Asian sculpture tradition nudes were frequently adorned with bracelets and jewelry that tended to "punctuate their charms and demarcate the different parts of their bodies much as developed musculature
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During the
Renaissance, interest in the nude body in art was being rekindled after a thousand years. Toward the end of Greco-Roman antiquity, Christian doctrines of celibacy, chastity, and the devaluation of the flesh led to the declining interest of nudes for patrons, and thus for artists. Since the
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writes that contemporary artists are no longer interested in the ideals and traditions of the past, but confront the viewer with all the sexuality, discomfort and anxiety that the unclothed body may express, perhaps eliminating the distinction between the naked and the nude. Performance art takes the
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feeling, even though it be only the faintest shadow—and if it does not do so it is bad art and false morals". According to Clark, the explicit temple sculptures of tenth-century India "are great works of art because their eroticism is part of their whole philosophy". Great art can contain significant
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of their identities, as Nelson asserts, creates a "doubly fetishized black female body". Women of color are not represented to the degree that white women are in nude art from the
Renaissance to the 1990s, and when they are represented it is in a different way than white women. The Renaissance ideal
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that during the process of procreation, men were the driving force. They held all creative power while women were the receivers. Women's only role in reproduction was to provide the material and act as a vessel. This idea carried over into the image of the artist and the nude in art. The artist was
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built between 950 and 1050 CE are known for their nude sculptures, which comprise about 10% of the temple decorations, a minority of them being erotic. Japanese prints are one of the few non-western traditions that can be called nudes, but the activity of communal bathing in Japan is portrayed
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The nude has been a subject of photography almost since its invention in the nineteenth century. Early photographers often selected poses that imitated the classical nudes of the past. Photography suffers from the problem of being too real, and for many years was not accepted by those committed to
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Female nudes have long been informed by the male gaze, and men's desires of the nudity of women. Feminist criticism has targeted female nudes, informed by the male gaze, for nearly a century. However, there are some artists who have turned this concept on its head, and have, as a result, distilled
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In Jill Fields' article "Frontiers in
Feminist Art History", Fields examines the feminist art movement and its assessment of female nude imagery. She considers how the image of the female nude was created and how the feminist art history movement attempted to change the way the image of the female
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The feminist art movement was aimed at giving women the opportunity to have their art reach the same level of notoriety and respect that men's art received. The idea that women are intellectually inferior to men came from
Aristotelian ideology and was heavily depended on during the Renaissance. It
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Nude images in
Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt reflect the attitudes toward nudity in these societies. At the time, being naked in social situations was a source of great embarrassment for anyone with higher social status – this was not due to the connection between nudity and sexual
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in an 1864 lithograph with the caption "This year
Venuses again... always Venuses!... as if there really were women built like that!" While Europe accepted the nude in art, America was restrictive of sexuality, which sometimes included criticism or censorship of painting, even those that depicted
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art, the continuing fascination with classical antiquity influenced artists to renew and expand their approach to the nude, but with more naturalistic, less idealized depictions, perhaps more frequently working from live models. Both genders are represented; the male in the form of heroes such as
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However, in the United States nudity in art has sometimes been a controversial subject when public funding and display in certain venues brings the work to the attention of the general public. Puritan history continues to impact the selection of artwork shown in museums and galleries. At the same
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creates colourful and bright artwork in different mediums, from paintings, to needlepoint, to sculptures, depicting close ups of women in explicit, pornographic sexual positions. Her pieces embody women feeling pleasured by their bodies, which contradicts the traditional male gaze nudes of women
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When school groups visit museums, there are inevitable questions that teachers or tour leaders must be prepared to answer. The basic advice is to give matter-of-fact answers emphasizing the differences between art and other images, the universality of the human body, and the values and emotions
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Christian attitudes cast doubt on the value of the human body, and the
Christian emphasis on chastity and celibacy further discouraged depictions of nakedness, even in the few surviving Early Medieval survivals of secular art. Completely unclothed figures are rare in medieval art, the notable
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Oil paint historically has been the ideal medium for depicting the nude. By blending and layering paint, the surface can become more like skin. "Its slow drying time and various degrees of viscosity enable the artist to achieve rich and subtle blends of color and texture, which can suggest
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In the later nineteenth century, academic painters continued with classical themes, but were challenged by the Impressionists. While the composition is compared to Titian and Giogione, Édouard Manet shocked the public of his time by painting nude women in contemporary situation in his
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Edgar Degas painted many nudes of women in ordinary circumstances, such as taking a bath. Auguste Rodin challenged classical canons of idealization in his expressively distorted Adam. With the invention of photography, artists began using the new medium as a source for paintings,
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were not allowed access to nude models and could not participate in this part of the arts education. During this period, study of the nude figure was something all male artists were expected to go through to become an artist of worth and to be able to depict historical subjects.
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painted non-sexualised, not overly-erotic nude depictions of women. The art work does not depict women from the traditional male gaze standpoint, and Valadon was one of the only women artists to paint such subject matter, in such a way, in the first half of the 20th
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sculpture. These first realistic sculptures of nude males depict nude youths who stand rigidly posed with one foot forward. By the 5th century BCE, Greek sculptors' mastery of anatomy resulted in greater naturalness and more varied poses. An important innovation was
2237:, which depicts Belgian citizens being used as human shields by Germans in World War I. Although based upon a report of a real incident in which the victims were not nude, portraying them so in the painting emphasizes their vulnerability and universal humanity.
176:. Viewers easily identify some images as belonging to one category, while other images are ambiguous. The 21st century may have created a fourth category, the commodified nude, which intentionally uses ambiguity to attract attention for commercial purposes.
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could be an aspect of the goddess Ishtar, Mesopotamian goddess of sexual love and war. However, her bird-feet and accompanying owls have suggested to some a connection with Lilitu (called Lilith in the Bible), though seemingly not the usual demonic Lilitu.
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in his later years is usually credited as the first artist to consistently use female models for the drawings of female figures, rather than studio apprentices or other boys with breasts added, who were previously used. Michelangelo's suspiciously boyish
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With regard to the distinction between art and pornography, Kenneth Clark noted that sexuality was part of the attraction to the nude as a subject of art, stating "no nude, however abstract, should fail to arouse in the spectator some vestige of
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as just another social activity, without the significance placed upon the lack of clothing that exists in the West. Through each era, the nude has reflected changes in cultural attitudes regarding sexuality, gender roles, and social structure.
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uses unique cropping and perspective to explore the abstract qualities of nudes. As a young artist in the 1950s, Pearlstein exhibited both abstracts and figures, but it was de Kooning that advised him to continue with figurative work.
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exhibition in 2009. Her work includes nude depictions of women, which illustrates the women as being incapable of caring what others think of them because of their own bodily discomfort, which does not make them subjected to the male
537:. Temple sculptures and cave paintings, some very explicit, are part of the Hindu tradition of the value of sexuality, and as in many warm climates partial or complete nudity was common in everyday life, or at least court life, in
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highlight the sexuality of the female body rather than its ideal geometry. These works inspired countless reclining female nudes for centuries afterwards. In addition to adult male and female figures, the classical depiction of
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renderings. With these exceptions, the ideal forms of Greco-Roman nudes became largely lost, transformed into symbols of shame and sin, weakness and defenselessness. This was true not only in Western Europe, but also in
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include family and self-portraits among other nudes; often done in extreme perspectives, attempting to balance realism with abstraction; all while expressing how a woman feels about the female nude.
941:, predates this and is an example of how even figures who would be shown clothed in the final work were often worked out in nude studies, so that the form under the clothing was understood. The nude
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Due to its durability, it is in sculpture that we see the full, nearly unbroken history of the nude from the Stone Age to the present. Figures, usually of the naked female, have been found in the
2108:-related symbols. By incorporating new images and symbols into the female nude image in Western art, the feminist art history movement continues to try and dismantle the male-dominated art world.
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has created a collection, entitled 'SHUNGA,' a Japanese term meaning erotic art. Liu's subject matter involves close up images of lesbian women, entwined within each other and bed sheets.
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Although both the Academic tradition and Impressionists lost their cultural supremacy at the beginning of the twentieth century, the nude remained although transformed by the ideas of
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1865:, it is stated: His "stark and revealing paintings of friends and intimates, splayed nude in his studio, recast the art of portraiture and offered a new approach to figurative art".
822:: his first (in marble, 1408–1409) shows a clothed figure, but his second, probably of the 1440s, is the first freestanding statue of a nude since antiquity, several decades before
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43:"What spirit is so empty and blind, that it cannot recognize the fact that the foot is more noble than the shoe, and skin more beautiful than the garment with which it is clothed?"
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who came to be known as "The School of London", creating figurative work in the 1970s when it was unfashionable. However, by the end of his life his works had become icons of the
1789:, had supported de Kooning's early abstract work. Despite Greenberg's advice, the artist, who had begun as a figurative painter, returned to the human form in early 1950 with his
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represent a break with the classical, showing a particular woman of his time, with pubic hair and a look directed at the viewer, rather than an allusion to nymphs or goddesses.
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1861:. One of Freud's works is entitled "Naked Portrait", which implies a realistic image of a particular unclothed woman rather than a conventional nude. In Freud's obituary in
2059:, he argued that female nudes reflected and reinforced the prevailing power relationship between females portrayed in art and the predominantly male audience. A year later
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Louis Fratino has redefined the male gaze and how queer men and women are represented in nude art. His pieces explore queer sexuality in both everyday and erotic formats.
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2197:. The different depictions of the nude in art has not only instituted a system of controlling the image of women but it has put women of color in a place of other. The
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nude was represented. Derived from the Renaissance ideal of feminine beauty, the image of the female body was created by men and for a male audience. In paintings like
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In the early twentieth century, artists in the Arab world used nudity in works that have been claimed to address their emergence from colonialism into a modern world.
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that could be safely viewed with detachment, Manet's image was assumed to be of a prostitute of that time, perhaps referencing the male viewers' own sexual practices.
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One of the defining characteristics of the modern era in art was the blurring of the line between the naked and the nude. This likely first occurred with the painting
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1906:"). Audience members were requested to come on stage and begin cutting away her clothing until she was nearly naked. Several contemporary performance artists such as
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The meaning of any image of the unclothed human body depends upon its being placed in a cultural context. In Western culture, the contexts generally recognized are
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painted nudes, including her own self-portrait, in the same straightforward style as clothed sitters, being primarily concerned with color and emotional content.
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recall the original goddesses of fertility more than Greek goddesses. In early abstract paintings, the body could be fragmented or dismembered, as in Picasso's
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Representation of the world, like the world itself, is the work of men; they describe it from their own point of view, which they confuse with absolute truth.
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movement added another reclining female nude to the possible subjects of European paintings, the odalisque, a slave or harem girl. One of the most famous was
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1243:. While adopting the conventions of mythological and Biblical stories, Rembrandt's nudes were less idealized, and painted from life. In the later Baroque or
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The Greek goddesses were initially sculpted with drapery rather than nude. The first free-standing, life-sized sculpture of an entirely nude woman was the
1883:'s nude figures painted in a nearly academic manner constitute a "parody of art historical nudity and the male obsession with the female form as object".
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Nudity in Greek life was the exception in the ancient world. What had begun as a male initiation rite in the eighth century BCE became a "costume" in the
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Additionally, artists have implemented the queer gaze into art, and specifically nude art, which also challenges the traditional male gaze nude artwork.
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887:(c. 1510), also drawing on classical models, showed a reclining female nude in a landscape, beginning a long line of famous paintings including the
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end of the ancient classical period, the unclothed body was only depicted in rare instances like renderings of Adam and Eve. Now, with the rise of
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For much of history, nude men represented martyrs and warriors, emphasizing an active role rather than the passive one assigned to women in art.
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160:. "Although nudity in art was publicly protested by Americans, Vanderlyn observed that they would pay to see pictures of which they disapproved."
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By the late medieval period female nudes intended to be attractive edged back into art, especially in the relatively private medium of the
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began to change this, but one of the first widely known statements of the political messages in nudity was made in 1972 by the art critic
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367:—the asymmetrical posture of a figure standing with one leg bearing the body's weight and the other relaxed. An early example of this is
95:. From prehistory to the earliest civilizations, nude female figures were generally understood to be symbols of fertility or well-being.
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was one of relatively few female artists in the early 20th century to paint female nudes, as well as male nudes. In 1916, she painted
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The end of the twentieth century saw the rise of new media and approaches to art, although they began much earlier. In particular
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moved the center of Western art from Paris to New York City. One of the primary influences in the rise of abstraction, the critic
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painted a series of works reversing stereotypical artistic themes by featuring naked men in poses usually associated with women.
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1959:, so nude children were shown as symbols of pure innocence. Boys often swam naked, which was depicted in modern paintings by
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1837:"I paint people, not because of what they are like, not exactly in spite of what they are like, but how they happen to be."
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reestablished a tradition of male nudes in depictions of Biblical stories; the subject of the martyrdom of the near-naked
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3693:"People Are Understandably Furious Over This New Naked Statue of Pioneering Feminist Mary Wollstonecraft in London"
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340:. Complete nudity separated the civilized Greeks from the "barbarians" including Hebrews, Etruscans, and Gauls.
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Academic art history tends to ignore the sexuality of the male nude, speaking instead of form and composition.
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530:
5154:
Grimes, William (July 22, 2011). "Lucian Freud, Figurative Painter Who Redefined Portraiture, Is Dead at 88".
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Grimes, William (July 22, 2011). "Lucian Freud, Figurative Painter Who Redefined Portraiture, Is Dead at 88".
1239:, who with evident delight painted women of generous figure and radiant flesh, gave his name to the adjective
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Until the 1960s, art history and criticism rarely reflected anything other than the male point of view. The
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rapidly became an important part of artistic practice and training, and remained so until the 20th century.
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The nude image in art has affected women of color in a different way than it has white women, according to
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or his structuralist and Cubist nudes, but there are also abstracted versions of classical themes, such as
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1556:. The idealized Venus was replaced by the woman intimately depicted in private settings, as in the work of
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2221:. A painting inspired by an incident in August 1914 in which German soldiers used Belgian townspeople as
745:, and even when glorified in heaven, to allow him to display the wounds his sufferings had involved. The
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often includes images of the human body, and performance art frequently includes nudity. "Cut Piece" by
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the traditional fine arts. However, many photographers have been established as fine artists including
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1932:
879:
426:
5514:.: The art works are b&w sketches and drawings of males, nude or nearly so, with much commentary.
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1021:
485:
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Jacobs, Frederika H. (1994). "Woman's Capacity to Create: The Unusual Case of Sofonisba Anguissola".
4865:
Eck, Beth A. (2001). "Nudity and Framing: Classifying Art, Pornography, Information, and Ambiguity".
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painted the modern male nude in the classic reclining pose, with the genitals prominently displayed.
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consists mainly of stylized male figures who are presumably nude. This is certainly the case for the
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More recent discussion of the appropriateness of certain artworks has emerged in the context of the
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Eaton, A. W. "What's Wrong with the (Female) Nude? A Feminist Perspective on Art and Pornography."
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Davis, Frank (June 13, 1936). "A puzzling "Venus" of 2000 B.C.: a fine Sumerian relief in London".
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had already become highly popular. The monumental female nude returned to Western art in 1486 with
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2364:, all of which have been used to create works that explore the concept of the nude. An example is
1937:
1774:, which depicts a woman carrying out a mundane task in a frank, un-sexualised and non-erotic way.
32:
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5551:.: Concerns mostly the artistic depiction of the female nude, primarily in painting and drawing.
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Hay, John (1994). "The Body Invisible in Chinese Art?". In Zito, Angela; Barlow, Tani E. (eds.).
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for theological reasons, are other exceptions with elements of nudity in medieval religious art.
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era, depicting the human body without a trace of idealization, as in his series working with an
1523:, the public saw a prostitute. Gustave Courbet similarly earned criticism for portraying in his
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907:, c. 1650). Although they reflect the proportions of ancient statuary, such figures as Titian's
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5510:, ed. and with an introd. & captions by Thomas Waugh. Vancouver, B.C.: Arsenal Pulp Press.
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1891:'s paintings combine figurative elements and abstraction in a style reminiscent of de Kooning.
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Hammer-Tugendhat, Daniela; Zanchi, Michael (2012). "Art, Sexuality, and Gender Construction".
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133:, not because of religious issues, but because of its modernity. Rather than being a timeless
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1985:
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Wye, Pamela (1997). "Desiring Machines and Exquisite Corpulence: Lisa Yuskavage's Girlies".
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3026:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Lives Of The Most Eminent Painters Sculptors And Architects"
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The nude has also been used to make a powerful social or political statement. An example is
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demonstrates that, early on, Mantegna did anatomical nude sketches in preparation for the
8:
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Nochlin, Linda (1986). "Courbet's "L'origine du monde": The Origin without an Original".
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741:. Increasingly, Christ was shown largely naked in scenes of his Passion, especially the
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2558:"Venus Figurines of the European Paleolithic: Symbols of Fertility or Attractiveness?"
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The reinvigoration of classical culture in the Renaissance restored the nude to art.
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2372:(2018), which employs video projections, vinyl installation, and other mixed media.
1803:
Other New York artists of this period retained the figure as their primary subject.
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The Judgement of Paris: The Revolutionary Decade that Gave the World Impressionism
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4799:
Bernheimer, Charles (Summer 1989). "Manet's Olympia: The Figuration of Scandal".
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889:
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807:, Renaissance artists were relishing opportunities to depict the unclothed body.
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723:
344:
129:
119:
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4032:. Vol. 220. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen: Academic Press Fribourg.
1967:, and others. Other images were more erotic, either symbolically or explicitly.
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from at least from the Renaissance until the middle of the nineteenth century.
2007:
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1955:. Before the era of Freudian psychoanalysis, children were assumed to have no
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2020:
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851:
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greatly reduced the amount of the body displayed in both real life and art.
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5927:
5857:
5824:
5480:
5087:
4384:
The Nude: The Cultural Rhetoric of the Body in the Art of Western Modernity
4173:
4030:
Images and Gender: Contributions to the Hermeneutics of Reading Ancient Art
4025:
3723:
3301:
3013:. London: Logmans, Green, and Company. pp. 106–107, 140, 143, 233–234.
2469:
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2329:
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2060:
2035:
2016:
1888:
1846:
1840:
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1557:
1235:
Hercules and Samson, and female in the form of Venus and the Three Graces.
1071:
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995:
938:
899:
823:
719:
696:
607:
565:
475:
364:
46:
3719:"Mary Wollstonecraft statue becomes one of 2020s most polarising artworks"
3596:
Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art: The Analytic Tradition, An Anthology
2574:
2557:
1951:
In classical works, nude children were rarely shown except for babies and
1699:
213:
75:. Unclothed figures often also play a part in other types of art, such as
6073:
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3537:
2491:
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2050:
1884:
1684:
1491:
1476:
946:
534:
368:
72:
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4785:. Medieval European Studies. Morgantown: West Virginia University Press.
59:
that focuses on the unclothed human figure, is an enduring tradition in
6158:
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5774:
5747:
5704:
5682:
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In the late twentieth century several new art forms emerged, including
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1804:
1541:
1240:
401:
373:
348:
80:
5037:
5007:
4990:
4849:
1887:
is another painter whose work frequently reinterprets historic nudes.
233:
The nude dates to the beginning of art with the female figures called
156:. The painting was initially considered too sexual for display in the
5814:
5764:
5742:
3664:
2365:
2361:
2080:
2072:
1903:
1790:
1553:
1490:
in 1814. The annual glut of paintings of idealized nude women in the
1171:
884:
811:
145:
134:
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1247:
period, a more decorative and playful style emerged, exemplified by
27:
Work of art that has as its primary subject the unclothed human body
5834:
5769:
5752:
5029:
4841:
4026:"On Nakedness, Nudity, and Gender in Egyptian and Mesopotamian Art"
2138:
1899:
495:
458:
5163:
Monaghan, Peter (January 2, 2011). "Unveiling the American Nude".
4828:
Bonfante, Larissa (1989). "Nudity as a Costume in Classical Art".
358:, a large standing figure of a male nude that was the mainstay of
5737:
5672:
5633:
3781:"Queer Artist Louis Fratino Discusses the New Age of Gay Culture"
3466:
2817:
2815:
2305:
1231:
923:
569:
568:, and was often portrayed in manuscript illustrations, and later
542:
267:
186:
4694:
Venus in Exile: The Rejection of Beauty in Twentieth-century Art
3068:
2752:
2703:
5592:
4203:
Art, Awakening, and Modernity in the Middle East: the Arab Nude
2555:
2259:
1520:
1244:
1033:
934:
894:
546:
491:
454:
355:
271:
205:
final step by presenting actual naked bodies as a work of art.
181:
5222:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2812:
2397:
937:, c. 1500), which is usually said to be the first nude female
5660:
5083:"Lucian Freud at the National Portrait Gallery – in pictures"
3297:"Lucian Freud at the National Portrait Gallery – in pictures"
2105:
2042:
painted versions of classic works with the genders reversed.
1952:
1918:
use their own nude bodies or other performers in their work.
815:
564:
Japan had a tradition of mixed communal bathing that existed
533:
and Japan, but the nude does not form an important aspect of
5225:"Body Language: How to Talk to Students about Nudity in Art"
4783:
Naked before God: Uncovering the Body in Anglo-Saxon England
4118:(Third ed.). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
2735:"Body Language: How to Talk to Students about Nudity in Art"
2715:
2606:
2118:
874:
frescoes. This is the earliest known drawing by the artist.
5262:"Mona Kuhn Turns Flat Photos into an Immersive Environment"
5119:"Six Dance Shows Stripped Bare: Redefining Nudity on Stage"
4232:
The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe: Myths and Cult Images
3876:
3573:
3317:
3200:
Scala, Ch 2. "The Influence of Anxiety" by Susan H. Edwards
2883:
917:
774:
4894:
Fields, Jill (2012). "Frontiers in Feminist Art History".
3344:
3215:
3106:
640:
Woman putting on her clothes (1775), unknown Indian artist
5561:
5403:"The Nude in Western Art and its Beginnings in Antiquity"
3414:
3142:
2977:
2975:
2802:
2800:
2798:
56:
4284:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 42–77.
3748:"These Gay Figure Artists Are Reimagining the Male Gaze"
3549:
3426:
3251:
2960:
2948:
2924:
2458: – Genre of painting that represents the human form
1529:
a naked prostitute without vestige of goddess or nymph.
123:(1797) by Goya, which in 1815 drew the attention of the
4342:
The Impossible Nude: Chinese Art and Western Aesthetics
4179:
The Art Instinct: Beauty, Pleasure, and Human Evolution
3527:
3525:
3498:
2468: – Series of paintings and drawings by
2075:, asserting that all nudes are inherently voyeuristic.
479:(4th century BCE) bronze statue, possibly by Praxiteles
404:. The female nude became much more common in the later
4922:
3924:
3888:
3543:
3486:
3390:
3239:
3154:
3118:
2987:
2972:
2912:
2857:(3d ed.). Detroit: Wayne State University Press.
2795:
2691:
2301:
transformations from one human substance to another."
5282:"Lucian Freud painted people "how they happen to be""
3912:
3402:
3378:
3236:, Chapter 2 – The Changing Room: Female Perspectives.
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2618:
2440: – Visual representations of the nude human form
2015:
Men and women did not receive equal opportunities in
5525:
Natter, Tobias G.; Leopold, Elisabeth, eds. (2012).
4604:. Rugby, Warwickshire, England: Jolly & Barber.
4431:
Maes, Hans; Levinson, Jerrold, eds. (July 2, 2015).
4268:
4111:
3996:
3522:
3203:
3100:
2871:
2667:
2537:
2500: – Artistic photography of the naked human body
2379:
1849:
was one of a small group of painters which included
529:
Non-Western traditions of depicting nudes come from
4995:
RACAR: Revue d'art canadienne / Canadian Art Review
4991:"Coloured Nude: Fetishization, Disguise, Dichotomy"
4405:
Art Follows Nature: A Worldwide History of the Nude
4271:
Der nackte Mensch der Kunst aller Zeiten und Völker
4115:
Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America
3474:
3462:"Top Ten ARTnews Stories: Exposing the Hidden 'He'"
2452: – Drawing of the usually unclothed human form
2147:recently commemorated the British feminist writer,
595:
Kandariya Mahadev Temple in Khajuraho, India (1050)
106:One often cited book on the nude in art history is
4086:
4023:
3960:
3936:
3900:
3864:
3561:
3510:
2821:
2776:
5424:"The Nude in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance"
5223:Department of Museum Education (March 18, 2003).
3984:
3972:
2936:
2594:
2582:
1315:No. 37 of a set of 80 aquatint prints created by
6217:
4317:
4024:Asher-Greve, Julia M.; Sweeney, Deborah (2006).
3948:
2679:
2506: – Visual art representing female genitalia
930:Study of a Kneeling Nude Girl for The Entombment
244:
5463:
5322:
5174:"The School of London, Mordantly Messy as Ever"
5044:
4640:Shackelford, George T. M.; Rey, Xavier (2011).
3579:
3323:
3272:"The School of London, Mordantly Messy as Ever"
2900:
2894:
2773:, Ch. 2 – Body Art: the Journey into Nakedness.
5366:"Nudity and Classical Themes in Byzantine Art"
5047:"What Do We Do with the Art of Monstrous Men?"
4736:
4639:
4401:
4298:
3807:"The Female Gaze, Part Two: Women Look at Men"
3112:
2655:
2612:
2432: – Criteria used in formal figurative art
1902:was first performed in 1964 (then known as a "
5577:
5524:
4741:. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art.
4209:
4172:
4112:D'Emilio, John; Freedman, Estelle B. (2012).
2446: – Art that depicts real object sources
2426: – Proportions of the human body in art
2420: – Freedom of expression and publication
1466:This year Venuses again... always Venuses!...
920:became the model for the naked Christ child.
5279:
4681:
4559:
4430:
4235:. Berkeley: University of California Press.
3555:
3447:"Women Artists in Nineteenth–Century France"
3257:
2494: – Person who poses for a visual artist
5323:Rodgers, David; Plantzos, Dimitris (2003).
3687:
3685:
5584:
5570:
5451:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
5442:
5430:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
5421:
5409:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
5400:
5372:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art
5191:
4798:
4519:
4461:Erotic Ambiguities: The Female Nude in Art
4359:
3894:
3124:
3008:
2981:
2806:
2740:. Art Institute of Chicago. March 18, 2003
2624:
2556:Alan F. Dixson; Barnaby J. Dixson (2011).
2270:with a nude man after original drawing by
1081:
308:Dancers and Flutists, Thebes (c. 1400 BCE)
5547:. La Prairie, Qué.: Éditions M. Broquet.
5527:Nude Men: From 1800 Until the Present Day
5062:
5006:
4711:
4580:
4433:Art and pornography: philosophical essays
4324:. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications.
4228:
3918:
2573:
2119:Nudes depicting the female and queer gaze
1718:Model by the Wicker Chair (1919-1921) by
1319:in the 1810s depicting the horrors of war
67:, and after a semi-dormant period in the
5259:
5162:
5080:
4827:
4686:. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications.
4660:
4599:
4563:The Artist's Model: from Etty to Spencer
4457:
4249:
4153:
4044:
4002:
3930:
3882:
3682:
3531:
3420:
3245:
3233:
3209:
3160:
3148:
3074:
2877:
2770:
2758:
2709:
2697:
2254:
2209:
1974:
1936:
1825:
1460:
784:
769:, and in classical contexts such as the
212:
144:
71:returned to a central position with the
31:
5297:
5015:
4755:
4737:Tomlinson, J. A.; Calvo, S. F. (2002).
4690:
4682:Smith, Alison; Upstone, Robert (2002).
4538:
4478:
4380:
4338:
3746:Sargent, Antwaun (September 17, 2018).
3745:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3432:
3408:
3396:
3384:
3350:
3221:
3051:"drawing: Study for the Ovetari Chapel"
2721:
2638:"Ariadne Asleep On The Island Of Naxos"
2414: – Style of painting and sculpture
1868:Around 1970, from feminist principles,
1681:I Werners Eka (In Werner's Rowing Boat)
14:
6218:
5242:
5194:"Funhouse: A Jeff Koons retrospective"
5171:
5153:
5133:
5103:
4988:
4951:
4893:
4780:
4481:Painting People: Figure Painting Today
3870:
3567:
3516:
3335:
3269:
3139:, Part I – Theorizing the Female Nude.
2789:
1926:
1068:New Year's Greeting with Three Witches
814:made two statues of the Biblical hero
5565:
5363:
5117:Daris, Gabriella (February 1, 2016).
5116:
4896:Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies
4618:
4542:Women, Art and Power and Other Essays
4200:
4132:
4084:
4063:
3990:
3978:
3966:
3942:
3906:
3841:
3839:
3659:
3657:
3631:
3629:
3590:
3588:
3459:
3438:
3171:
3169:
3004:
3002:
2993:
2966:
2954:
2942:
2930:
2918:
2673:
2588:
2549:
2543:
2477: – Social attitudes to nakedness
1970:
1509:(1863); and although the pose of his
832:(1501–1504). Nudes in Michelangelo's
753:, as well as the infant Jesus, whose
158:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
150:Ariadne Asleep on the Island of Naxos
140:
5612:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing
5288:
5064:10.3384/de-ethica.2001-8819.19062502
4497:
3954:
3136:
2685:
2600:
2205:
2182:
2168:The Female Gaze: Women Look at Women
2065:Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema
712:
223:(made between 24,000 and 22,000 BCE)
5445:"The Nude in Baroque and Later Art"
5260:Hamilton, Julie (October 2, 2018).
5245:"The Nude in Art – a Brief History"
5172:Riding, Alan (September 25, 1995).
5106:"A Conversation with Ruth Bernhard"
4864:
4277:
3847:"Nude Arranging Her Hair | Artwork"
3823:
3270:Riding, Alan (September 25, 1995).
3177:"Nude Arranging Her Hair | Artwork"
2906:
2661:
2430:Artistic canons of body proportions
2154:A Sculpture for Mary Wollstonecraft
760:
266:Babylonian statuette of a goddess (
24:
5500:
5192:Schjeldahl, Peter (June 9, 2008).
5134:Gopnik, Blake (November 8, 2009).
3836:
3654:
3626:
3585:
3544:Hammer-Tugendhat & Zanchi 2012
3166:
3023:
2999:
1737:("Memories of Olive"), painted by
1515:(1865) is said to derive from the
25:
6247:
5449:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
5443:Sorabella, Jean (January 2008c).
5428:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
5422:Sorabella, Jean (January 2008b).
5407:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
5401:Sorabella, Jean (January 2008a).
5370:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
5364:Ryder, Edmund C. (January 2008).
5165:The Chronicle of Higher Education
4049:. New York: Thames & Hudson.
3444:
1988:. This work may be compared with
1560:. The simplified modern forms of
1441:, modeled after a Belgian soldier
858:, whose pose Botticelli adapted.
325:
6199:
6190:
6189:
4937:10.2752/175613112X13376070683397
4759:The Nude Male: A New Perspective
4139:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
4136:John Hedgecoe's Nude Photography
3609:"Women Artists: The Female Gaze"
2396:
2382:
2166:'s artwork has been included in
1990:male depictions of the same tale
1746:
1726:
1711:
1691:
1673:
1655:
1637:
1617:
1599:
1499:classical or biblical subjects.
1425:
1404:
1384:
1364:
1344:
1324:
1308:
1287:
1211:
1193:
1178:
1158:
1138:
1116:
1096:
1060:
1040:
1020:
1002:
982:
962:
685:
660:
645:
633:
615:
600:
588:
572:woodblock prints and paintings.
502:
484:
466:
447:
425:
301:
279:
259:
5508:Gay Art: a Historic Collection
5045:Stewart-Kroeker, Sarah (2020).
4908:10.5250/fronjwomestud.33.2.0001
4830:American Journal of Archaeology
4646:. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
4625:. Vanderbilt University Press.
4560:Postle, M.; Vaughn, W. (1999).
4524:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
4408:. Berkeley: Edition One Books.
4345:. University of Chicago Press.
4089:The Nude: A Study in Ideal Form
3817:
3799:
3773:
3739:
3711:
3601:
3460:Levin, Kim (November 1, 2007).
3453:
3356:
3329:
3289:
3263:
3194:
3080:
3043:
3017:
2846:
2827:
2727:
1815:
1262:
854:, who also owned the classical
751:naked "Penitent Mary Magdalene"
108:The Nude: a Study in Ideal Form
5280:Legacy Staff (July 22, 2011).
4762:. New York: Paddington Press.
4715:The Undressed Art: Why We Draw
4667:. Amsterdam University Press.
4182:. New York: Bloomsbury Press.
4093:. Princeton University Press.
3826:Clayton Eshleman, ed & Pub
2822:Asher-Greve & Sweeney 2006
2630:
2516:
2368:'s site-specific installation
2312:
2276:Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
1957:sexual feelings before puberty
1547:
867:St. James Led to His Execution
780:
755:penis was sometimes emphasized
707:
13:
1:
6101:Nudity in American television
5529:. Munich: Hirmer Publishers.
5293:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
5081:Guardian (February 8, 2012).
4718:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
4664:Rembrandt and the Female Nude
4566:. London: Merrell Holberton.
4387:. Cambridge: Westview Press.
4269:Hausenstein, Wilhelm (1913).
4254:. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
4201:Esanu, Octavian, ed. (2018).
4011:
3449:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
693:Wisdom, Impression, Sentiment
436:
394:
378:
251:The nude in Babylon and Egypt
245:Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
185:sexual content without being
5543:Roussan, Jacques de (1982).
5506:Falcon, Felix Lance (2006).
4273:. Munich: R. Riper & Co.
4133:Dawes, Richard, ed. (1984).
4067:The Italian Renaissance Nude
4028:. In Schroer, Sylvia (ed.).
3101:D'Emilio & Freedman 2012
3088:"Ingres' La Grand Odalisque"
2852:
2833:
2481:History of erotic depictions
2347:
1832:Benefits Supervisor Sleeping
1222:” (1751) by François Boucher
524:
100:Khajuraho Group of Monuments
63:. It was a preoccupation of
7:
6149:Imagery of nude celebrities
5873:Social nudity organizations
5329:. Oxford University Press.
4791:
4684:Exposed: the Victorian Nude
4661:Sluijter, Eric Jan (2006).
4602:The Nude: A New Perspective
4479:Mullins, Charlotte (2006).
4435:. Oxford University Press.
4281:Subject, and Power in China
4252:Nude Sculpture: 5,000 Years
4205:. New York City: Routledge.
2895:Rodgers & Plantzos 2003
2836:The Illustrated London News
2642:New-York Historical Society
2375:
513:by Praxiteles, type of the
10:
6252:
6084:Nudity in live performance
5591:
5545:Le Nu dans l'art au Québec
5230:. Art Institute of Chicago
5112:. Vol. 1, no. 3.
4989:Nelson, Charmaine (1995).
4756:Walters, Margaret (1978).
4581:Rosenblum, Robert (2003).
4520:Nicolaides, Kimon (1975).
4339:Jullien, François (2007).
4229:Gimbustas, Marija (1974).
4156:Naked: The Nude in America
4045:Borzello, Frances (2012).
3305:. London. February 8, 2012
3113:Shackelford & Rey 2011
2613:Tomlinson & Calvo 2002
2316:
2293:in its various shapes and
2244:
2217:(1918), oil on canvas, by
2186:
1933:Depictions of child nudity
1930:
1819:
1266:
1185:"Academienaakt" (1723) by
329:
226:
208:
6187:
6141:
6054:
6001:
5946:
5891:
5883:Timeline of social nudity
5833:
5783:
5718:
5617:Nakedness and colonialism
5599:
5291:"Naked Before the Camera"
4781:Wilcox, Jonathan (2003).
4712:Steinhart, Peter (2004).
4619:Scala, Mark, ed. (2009).
4381:Leppert, Richard (2007).
4321:Drawing with an Open Mind
4318:Jacobs, Ted Seth (1986).
4070:. Yale University Press.
3665:"Lucy Liu | Art | Shunga"
3009:Kristeller, Paul (1901).
1921:
1607:Ninos A La Orilla Del Mar
1579:Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
1255:, likely commissioned by
909:Venus and the Lute Player
559:Muslim invasions of India
200:Art historian and author
18:Human figure (aesthetics)
5938:Clothing-optional events
5710:Clothing laws by country
4458:McDonald, Helen (2001).
4250:Goldberg, Vicki (2000).
4016:
3556:Maes & Levinson 2015
2510:
2240:
1586:'s dancers and bathers.
1537:being one of the first.
1475:In the 19th century the
732:scenes anticipating the
294:First Babylonian Dynasty
197:expressed in the works.
6003:Social nudity advocates
5785:Issues in social nudity
5651:Breastfeeding in public
5465:"Naked Portrait 1972-3"
5073:
4879:10.1023/A:1012862311849
4691:Steiner, Wendy (2001).
4600:Saunders, Gill (1989).
4539:Nochlin, Linda (1988).
4522:The Natural Way to Draw
4505:. New York: Routledge.
4402:LeValley, Paul (2016).
4303:. Thames & Hudson.
4299:Hughes, Robert (1997).
4214:. New York: Doubleday.
4154:Dijkstra, Bram (2010).
4085:Clark, Kenneth (1956).
2853:Patai, Raphael (1990).
2562:Journal of Anthropology
2504:Vagina and vulva in art
2094:The Origin of the World
1772:Nude Arranging her Hair
1506:Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe
1187:Louis Fabritius Dubourg
1082:17th and 18th centuries
1014:Lucas Cranach the Elder
655:(1915), Hashiguchi Goyô
549:and Hindu ones such as
417:Ancient Greek sculpture
408:. In the convention of
332:Ancient Greek sculpture
6106:Nudity in music videos
6079:Nude photography (art)
5798:Sexual objectification
5600:Nakedness and clothing
5247:. University of Dundee
5243:Graves, Ellen (2003).
5215:
5104:Conrad, Donna (2000).
4301:Lucian Freud Paintings
4210:Gill, Michael (1989).
2524:"Michelangelo Gallery"
2498:Nude photography (art)
2390:Human sexuality portal
2319:Nude photography (art)
2282:
2226:
2069:applied to film theory
2013:
1993:
1981:Susanna and the Elders
1948:
1843:
1783:Abstract Expressionism
1472:
1373:Woman on a Black Divan
1269:The Raft of the Medusa
834:Sistine Chapel ceiling
799:
767:illuminated manuscript
610:dancing (14th century)
224:
161:
55:, as a form of visual
49:
6116:Nudity in advertising
6111:Nudity in print media
5911:Nude swimming classes
5300:"The Postmodern Nude"
4954:Renaissance Quarterly
4739:Goya: Images of women
4545:. Thames and Hudson.
4158:. New York: Rizzoli.
3613:Pallant House Gallery
2724:, pp. 44, 49–50.
2258:
2213:
2047:feminist art movement
1995:
1986:Artemisia Gentileschi
1978:
1942:A Nude Boy on a Beach
1940:
1931:Further information:
1829:
1464:
1167:Bathsheba at Her Bath
1132:Artemisia Gentileschi
945:or figure study of a
788:
773:and illustrations to
580:The nude in Asian art
352:Cycladic civilization
216:
148:
35:
6179:Softcore pornography
6056:Depictions of nudity
5820:Wardrobe malfunction
5720:Nudity and sexuality
5310:on November 10, 2012
5298:Postiglione, Corey.
5129:on February 4, 2016.
4064:Burke, Jill (2018).
3580:Stewart-Kroeker 2020
3324:The Tate Modern 2013
2488:– Throughout history
2438:Depictions of nudity
1733:Topless portrait of
1393:The Victory of Faith
1253:Venus Consoling Love
1220:The Blonde Odalisque
1201:Venus Consoling Love
1110:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
991:The Creation of Adam
820:Republic of Florence
805:Renaissance humanism
6126:Glamour photography
6074:Nude modeling (art)
6031:Henry S. Huntington
5304:Brad Cooper Gallery
5140:The Washington Post
4585:. Harry N. Abrams.
4483:. New York: D.A.P.
4360:King, Ross (2007).
3885:, pp. 246–247.
3727:. December 25, 2020
3699:. November 10, 2020
3546:, pp. 361–382.
3353:, pp. 221–223.
3224:, pp. 154–155.
3103:, pp. 156–158.
2969:, pp. 307–312.
2957:, pp. 221–226.
2933:, pp. 300–309.
2575:10.1155/2011/569120
2486:History of nude art
2309:does in the male".
2149:Mary Wollstonecraft
2071:the concept of the
1961:John Singer Sargent
1946:John Singer Sargent
1927:Depictions of youth
1526:Woman with a Parrot
1333:La Grande Odalisque
1257:Madame de Pompadour
818:, a symbol for the
771:Signs of the Zodiac
722:as recorded in the
670:, illustration for
566:until very recently
457:bearing the infant
390:Aphrodite of Cnidus
382: 440 BCE
229:History of nude art
220:Venus of Willendorf
125:Spanish Inquisition
6174:Nude psychotherapy
6131:Erotic photography
6046:Richard Ungewitter
6041:Elton Raymond Shaw
5878:Anarchist naturism
5868:Naturist magazines
5848:Christian naturism
5700:Nudity and protest
5639:Nudity in religion
5178:The New York Times
5156:The New York Times
4925:Art in Translation
4867:Sociological Forum
4697:. The Free Press.
4643:Degas and the Nude
4038:10.5167/uzh-139533
3752:The New York Times
3338:The New York Times
3276:The New York Times
2855:The Hebrew Goddess
2465:The Helga Pictures
2404:Visual arts portal
2289:is a study of the
2283:
2227:
2003:Simone de Beauvoir
1994:
1971:Gender differences
1949:
1916:Carolee Schneemann
1863:The New York Times
1844:
1667:Lothar von Seebach
1473:
1088:Baroque and Rococo
843:The Birth of Venus
800:
791:The Birth of Venus
726:and the damned in
406:Hellenistic period
225:
162:
141:Types of depiction
50:
6213:
6212:
5810:Indecent exposure
5758:Feminist stripper
5536:978-3-7774-5851-9
5485:Edward-Weston.com
5467:. The Tate Modern
5388:. Saatchi Gallery
5008:10.7202/1072517ar
4632:978-0-8265-1622-0
4490:978-1-933045-38-2
4394:978-0-8133-4350-1
4373:978-1-84413-407-6
4352:978-0-226-41532-1
4212:Image of the Body
4189:978-1-59691-401-8
4165:978-0-8478-3366-5
4125:978-0-226-92380-2
4056:978-0-500-23892-9
3366:. Saatchi Gallery
3258:Legacy Staff 2011
3030:www.gutenberg.org
3024:Vasari, Giorgio.
2996:, pp. 48–50.
2475:History of nudity
2334:Imogen Cunningham
2280:teaching material
2206:Social commentary
2189:Intersectionality
2183:Intersectionality
2017:artistic training
1875:The paintings of
1809:Philip Pearlstein
1787:Clement Greenberg
1705:Amedeo Modigliani
1566:Amedeo Modigliani
1494:was satirized by
1434:The Age of Bronze
1413:The Large Bathers
1398:Saint George Hare
1273:The Swimming Hole
1237:Peter Paul Rubens
1152:Peter Paul Rubens
1130:) (1625—1630) by
1105:Apollo and Daphne
897:, 1538), and the
848:Sandro Botticelli
796:Sandro Botticelli
718:exceptions being
713:Early Middle Ages
515:Knidian Aphrodite
400:–340 BCE by
347:, from the early
65:Ancient Greek art
16:(Redirected from
6243:
6203:
6193:
6192:
6164:Nudity in combat
6121:Nude photography
5853:Freikörperkultur
5624:Childhood nudity
5586:
5579:
5572:
5563:
5562:
5540:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5360:
5354:
5350:
5348:
5340:
5319:
5317:
5315:
5306:. Archived from
5294:
5285:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5229:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5168:
5159:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5136:"In Art We Lust"
5130:
5125:. Archived from
5113:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5068:
5066:
5041:
5012:
5010:
4985:
4948:
4919:
4890:
4861:
4824:
4786:
4777:
4774:Internet Archive
4752:
4733:
4730:Internet Archive
4708:
4687:
4678:
4657:
4636:
4622:Paint Made Flesh
4615:
4596:
4577:
4556:
4535:
4516:
4494:
4475:
4454:
4427:
4398:
4377:
4356:
4335:
4314:
4295:
4274:
4265:
4246:
4225:
4206:
4197:
4194:Internet Archive
4169:
4150:
4129:
4108:
4105:Internet Archive
4092:
4081:
4060:
4041:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3843:
3834:
3833:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3803:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3787:. March 11, 2021
3777:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3689:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3661:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3633:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3619:
3605:
3599:
3592:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3541:
3535:
3529:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3507:, pp. 9–11.
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
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3354:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3173:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3061:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3006:
2997:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2970:
2964:
2958:
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2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2831:
2825:
2819:
2810:
2804:
2793:
2787:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2731:
2725:
2719:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2553:
2547:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2520:
2424:Body proportions
2418:Artistic freedom
2406:
2401:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2338:Alfred Stieglitz
2274:was acquired by
2268:Gilles Demarteau
2195:Charmaine Nelson
2098:François Boucher
2079:was believed by
2011:
1912:Vanessa Beecroft
1908:Marina Abramović
1896:installation art
1750:
1730:
1715:
1695:
1677:
1659:
1641:
1621:
1603:
1574:Aristide Maillol
1535:Eugène Delacroix
1483:Grande Odalisque
1429:
1408:
1388:
1368:
1348:
1328:
1312:
1291:
1249:François Boucher
1215:
1205:François Boucher
1197:
1182:
1162:
1147:The Three Graces
1142:
1120:
1100:
1064:
1049:Rebellious Slave
1044:
1024:
1006:
986:
966:
856:Venus de' Medici
761:Late Middle Ages
689:
664:
649:
637:
627:Kitagawa Utamaro
619:
604:
592:
506:
488:
470:
451:
441:
438:
429:
399:
396:
383:
380:
338:Classical period
305:
283:
263:
202:Frances Borzello
77:history painting
21:
6251:
6250:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6216:
6215:
6214:
6209:
6183:
6137:
6050:
5997:
5942:
5893:Nude recreation
5887:
5843:Naturist resort
5829:
5779:
5714:
5629:Sex segregation
5595:
5590:
5537:
5503:
5501:Further reading
5498:
5489:
5487:
5481:"Edward Weston"
5479:
5470:
5468:
5454:
5452:
5433:
5431:
5412:
5410:
5391:
5389:
5386:"Jenny Saville"
5384:
5375:
5373:
5352:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5336:978-188444605-4
5313:
5311:
5270:
5268:
5250:
5248:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5218:
5213:
5204:
5202:
5182:
5180:
5144:
5142:
5094:
5092:
5076:
5071:
5001:(1–2): 97–107.
4966:10.2307/2863112
4813:10.2307/1773024
4794:
4789:
4770:
4749:
4726:
4705:
4675:
4674:978-905356837-8
4654:
4653:978-087846773-0
4633:
4612:
4593:
4574:
4553:
4552:978-006435852-1
4532:
4513:
4503:The Female Nude
4491:
4472:
4471:978-041517099-4
4443:
4442:978-019874408-5
4416:
4415:978-099926790-5
4395:
4374:
4353:
4332:
4311:
4292:
4291:978-022698727-9
4262:
4261:978-081093346-0
4243:
4242:978-052001995-9
4222:
4190:
4166:
4147:
4146:978-017006531-3
4126:
4101:
4078:
4077:978-030020156-7
4057:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4001:
3997:
3989:
3985:
3977:
3973:
3965:
3961:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3937:
3929:
3925:
3917:
3913:
3905:
3901:
3895:Nicolaides 1975
3893:
3889:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3845:
3844:
3837:
3822:
3818:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3764:
3762:
3744:
3740:
3730:
3728:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3683:
3673:
3671:
3663:
3662:
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3635:
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3617:
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3593:
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3523:
3515:
3511:
3503:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3458:
3454:
3445:Myers, Nicole.
3443:
3439:
3431:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3407:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3364:"Jenny Saville"
3362:
3361:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3334:
3330:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3280:
3278:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3155:
3147:
3143:
3135:
3131:
3125:Sorabella 2008c
3123:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3077:, Introduction.
3073:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3022:
3018:
3011:Andrea Mantegna
3007:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2982:Sorabella 2008b
2980:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2925:
2917:
2913:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2884:
2876:
2872:
2865:
2851:
2847:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2813:
2807:Sorabella 2008a
2805:
2796:
2788:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2761:, Introduction.
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2720:
2716:
2712:, Introduction.
2708:
2704:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2680:
2676:, pp. 8–9.
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2625:Bernheimer 1989
2623:
2619:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2583:
2554:
2550:
2542:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2456:Figure painting
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2378:
2350:
2321:
2315:
2272:Edmé Bouchardon
2253:
2251:Figure painting
2243:
2208:
2191:
2185:
2175:Suzanne Valadon
2121:
2113:Me Too movement
2090:Gustave Courbet
2067:, in which she
2012:
2001:
1973:
1935:
1929:
1924:
1838:
1836:
1824:
1818:
1768:Suzanne Valadon
1765:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1758:Gaston Lachaise
1751:
1742:
1731:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1696:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1651:
1642:
1633:
1622:
1613:
1611:Joaquin Sorolla
1604:
1593:
1592:
1570:Gaston Lachaise
1550:
1517:Venus of Urbino
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1430:
1421:
1409:
1400:
1389:
1380:
1369:
1360:
1349:
1340:
1329:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1296:La maja desnuda
1292:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1228:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1163:
1154:
1150:(1636–1638) by
1143:
1134:
1124:Venus and Cupid
1121:
1112:
1101:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1045:
1036:
1029:Venus of Urbino
1025:
1016:
1010:Reclining Nymph
1007:
998:
987:
978:
967:
956:
955:
913:Venus of Urbino
905:Diego Velázquez
890:Venus of Urbino
862:Andrea Mantegna
838:Saint Sebastian
783:
763:
747:Nursing Madonna
724:Book of Genesis
715:
710:
705:
704:
703:
700:
690:
681:
665:
656:
650:
641:
638:
629:
620:
611:
605:
596:
593:
582:
581:
527:
522:
521:
520:
517:
507:
498:
489:
480:
471:
462:
461:, by Praxiteles
452:
443:
439:
430:
419:
418:
397:
381:
345:Greek sculpture
334:
328:
314:
313:
312:
309:
306:
297:
284:
275:
264:
253:
252:
247:
235:Venus figurines
231:
211:
152:(1808–1812) by
143:
93:decorative arts
44:
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6249:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6211:
6210:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6128:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6096:Nudity in film
6093:
6088:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6060:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6036:Heinrich Pudor
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6007:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5903:
5897:
5895:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5839:
5837:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5789:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5716:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5658:
5656:Public bathing
5653:
5648:
5647:
5646:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5589:
5588:
5581:
5574:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5541:
5535:
5522:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5477:
5461:
5440:
5419:
5398:
5382:
5361:
5353:|website=
5335:
5320:
5295:
5286:
5277:
5257:
5240:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5199:The New Yorker
5189:
5169:
5160:
5151:
5131:
5114:
5101:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5042:
5030:10.2307/778520
5013:
4986:
4949:
4931:(3): 361–382.
4920:
4891:
4862:
4842:10.2307/505328
4836:(4): 543–570.
4825:
4807:(2): 255–277.
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4778:
4768:
4753:
4747:
4734:
4724:
4709:
4703:
4688:
4679:
4673:
4658:
4652:
4637:
4631:
4616:
4610:
4597:
4591:
4578:
4572:
4557:
4551:
4536:
4530:
4517:
4511:
4495:
4489:
4476:
4470:
4455:
4441:
4428:
4414:
4399:
4393:
4378:
4372:
4357:
4351:
4336:
4330:
4315:
4309:
4296:
4290:
4275:
4266:
4260:
4247:
4241:
4226:
4220:
4207:
4198:
4188:
4170:
4164:
4151:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4109:
4099:
4082:
4076:
4061:
4055:
4047:The Naked Nude
4042:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3947:
3935:
3923:
3919:Gimbustas 1974
3911:
3899:
3887:
3875:
3863:
3835:
3816:
3798:
3785:L'Officiel USA
3772:
3738:
3710:
3681:
3653:
3625:
3600:
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3536:
3521:
3509:
3497:
3495:, p. 166.
3485:
3473:
3452:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3401:
3399:, p. 168.
3389:
3377:
3355:
3343:
3328:
3316:
3288:
3262:
3250:
3238:
3226:
3214:
3202:
3193:
3165:
3153:
3141:
3129:
3117:
3105:
3093:
3079:
3067:
3055:British Museum
3042:
3016:
2998:
2986:
2971:
2959:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2882:
2870:
2863:
2845:
2826:
2811:
2794:
2775:
2763:
2751:
2726:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2678:
2666:
2654:
2629:
2617:
2615:, p. 228.
2605:
2593:
2581:
2548:
2536:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2450:Figure drawing
2444:Figurative art
2441:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2407:
2393:
2377:
2374:
2349:
2346:
2317:Main article:
2314:
2311:
2287:figure drawing
2247:Figure drawing
2242:
2239:
2235:George Bellows
2219:George Bellows
2207:
2204:
2187:Main article:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2164:Lisa Yuskavage
2161:
2158:
2151:, by creating
2145:Maggi Hambling
2142:
2136:
2120:
2117:
2102:Reclining Girl
2056:Ways of Seeing
2008:The Second Sex
1999:
1972:
1969:
1965:George Bellows
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1881:Lisa Yuskavage
1822:Postmodern art
1817:
1814:
1762:
1761:
1754:Standing Woman
1752:
1745:
1743:
1739:Alberto Vargas
1732:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1697:
1690:
1688:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1663:The Temptation
1661:
1654:
1652:
1649:Jean Metzinger
1645:Nu (Nu debout)
1643:
1636:
1634:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1562:Jean Metzinger
1549:
1546:
1496:Honoré Daumier
1444:
1443:
1431:
1424:
1422:
1410:
1403:
1401:
1390:
1383:
1381:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1343:
1341:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1298:(The Nude Maja
1293:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1261:
1225:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1144:
1137:
1135:
1128:Sleeping Venus
1122:
1115:
1113:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1008:
1001:
999:
988:
981:
979:
976:Albrecht Dürer
968:
961:
958:
957:
953:
952:
951:
943:figure drawing
872:Ovetari Chapel
798:, c. 1484–1486
782:
779:
762:
759:
734:Sistine Chapel
729:Last Judgement
714:
711:
709:
706:
702:
701:
691:
684:
682:
666:
659:
657:
651:
644:
642:
639:
632:
630:
621:
614:
612:
606:
599:
597:
594:
587:
584:
583:
579:
578:
577:
526:
523:
519:
518:
508:
501:
499:
494:, possibly by
490:
483:
481:
472:
465:
463:
453:
446:
444:
440: 530 BCE
433:Kroisos Kouros
431:
424:
421:
420:
416:
415:
414:
327:
326:Ancient Greece
324:
311:
310:
307:
300:
298:
285:
278:
276:
265:
258:
255:
254:
250:
249:
248:
246:
243:
239:Late Stone Age
227:Main article:
210:
207:
154:John Vanderlyn
142:
139:
98:In India, the
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6248:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6221:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6186:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6169:Nudity clause
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6154:Nude calendar
6152:
6150:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6140:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6123:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6091:Body painting
6089:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6016:Lee Baxandall
6014:
6012:
6009:
6008:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5993:South America
5991:
5989:
5986:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5976:San Francisco
5974:
5973:
5972:
5971:North America
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5906:Nude swimming
5904:
5902:
5899:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5890:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5804:
5803:Pornification
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5793:Sexualization
5791:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5782:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5733:Exhibitionism
5731:
5729:
5728:Intimate part
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5693:United States
5691:
5689:
5686:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5666:Finnish sauna
5664:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5587:
5582:
5580:
5575:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5558:
5557:2-89000-066-4
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5532:
5528:
5523:
5521:
5520:1-55152-205-5
5517:
5513:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5486:
5482:
5478:
5466:
5462:
5450:
5446:
5441:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5387:
5383:
5371:
5367:
5362:
5358:
5346:
5338:
5332:
5328:
5327:
5321:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5296:
5292:
5289:MOMA (2012).
5287:
5283:
5278:
5267:
5263:
5258:
5246:
5241:
5226:
5221:
5220:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5179:
5175:
5170:
5166:
5161:
5157:
5152:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5107:
5102:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4960:(1): 74–101.
4959:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4873:(4): 603–32.
4872:
4868:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4801:Poetics Today
4797:
4796:
4784:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4769:0-448-23168-9
4765:
4761:
4760:
4754:
4750:
4748:0-89468-293-8
4744:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4725:1-4000-4184-8
4721:
4717:
4716:
4710:
4706:
4704:0-684-85781-2
4700:
4696:
4695:
4689:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4666:
4665:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4617:
4613:
4611:0-06-438508-6
4607:
4603:
4598:
4594:
4592:0-8109-9188-8
4588:
4584:
4579:
4575:
4573:1-85894-084-2
4569:
4565:
4564:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4537:
4533:
4531:0-395-20548-4
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4512:0-415-02677-6
4508:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4464:. Routledge.
4463:
4462:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4400:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4365:
4364:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4337:
4333:
4331:0-8230-1464-9
4327:
4323:
4322:
4316:
4312:
4310:0-500-27535-1
4306:
4302:
4297:
4293:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4227:
4223:
4221:0-385-26072-5
4217:
4213:
4208:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4174:Dutton, Denis
4171:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4100:0-691-01788-3
4096:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4021:
4004:
4003:Hamilton 2018
3999:
3992:
3987:
3980:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3956:
3951:
3944:
3939:
3933:, p. 14.
3932:
3931:Goldberg 2000
3927:
3920:
3915:
3908:
3903:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3883:Dijkstra 2010
3879:
3872:
3867:
3852:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3742:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3670:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3642:
3638:
3637:"Helen Beard"
3632:
3630:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3597:
3591:
3589:
3581:
3576:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3540:
3533:
3532:McDonald 2001
3528:
3526:
3518:
3513:
3506:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3456:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3429:
3422:
3421:Dijkstra 2010
3417:
3411:, p. 35.
3410:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3387:, p. 38.
3386:
3381:
3365:
3359:
3352:
3347:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3320:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3277:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3254:
3248:, p. 90.
3247:
3246:Borzello 2012
3242:
3235:
3234:Borzello 2012
3230:
3223:
3218:
3211:
3210:Monaghan 2011
3206:
3197:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3163:, p. 30.
3162:
3161:Borzello 2012
3157:
3150:
3149:Dijkstra 2010
3145:
3138:
3133:
3126:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3083:
3076:
3075:Sluijter 2006
3071:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3012:
3005:
3003:
2995:
2990:
2983:
2978:
2976:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2951:
2944:
2939:
2932:
2927:
2920:
2915:
2908:
2903:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2879:
2878:Bonfante 1989
2874:
2866:
2864:0-8143-2271-9
2860:
2856:
2849:
2842:(5069): 1047.
2841:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2791:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2772:
2771:Borzello 2012
2767:
2760:
2759:Borzello 2012
2755:
2736:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2711:
2710:Dijkstra 2010
2706:
2700:, p. 11.
2699:
2698:Dijkstra 2010
2694:
2687:
2682:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2603:, p. 14.
2602:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2576:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2540:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2342:Edward Weston
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2326:Ruth Bernhard
2320:
2310:
2307:
2306:Balkan region
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:body postures
2292:
2288:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2231:The Barricade
2224:
2223:human shields
2220:
2216:
2215:The Barricade
2212:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2041:
2040:Sylvia Sleigh
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2021:Women artists
2018:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:Jenny Saville
1873:
1871:
1870:Sylvia Sleigh
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1851:Francis Bacon
1848:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1779:post-WWII era
1775:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1631:Henri Matisse
1628:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1585:
1584:Henri Matisse
1581:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1191:
1188:
1181:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1012:(1530–34) by
1011:
1005:
1000:
997:
994:(c. 1512) by
993:
992:
985:
980:
977:
973:
972:
965:
960:
959:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
931:
925:
921:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
881:
880:Dresden Venus
875:
873:
869:
868:
863:
859:
857:
853:
852:Medici family
849:
845:
844:
839:
835:
831:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
808:
806:
797:
793:
792:
787:
778:
776:
772:
768:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:Byzantine art
735:
731:
730:
725:
721:
698:
694:
688:
683:
679:
678:Kahlil Gibran
675:
674:
669:
663:
658:
654:
648:
643:
636:
631:
628:
624:
623:Bathing woman
618:
613:
609:
603:
598:
591:
586:
585:
576:
573:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:ancient India
536:
532:
516:
512:
511:Venus Braschi
505:
500:
497:
493:
487:
482:
478:
477:
469:
464:
460:
456:
450:
445:
434:
428:
423:
422:
413:
411:
410:heroic nudity
407:
403:
392:
391:
385:
376:
375:
370:
366:
361:
360:Archaic Greek
357:
353:
350:
346:
343:The earliest
341:
339:
333:
323:
320:
319:Burney Relief
304:
299:
296:(c. 1800 BCE)
295:
291:
290:
289:Burney Relief
282:
277:
273:
269:
262:
257:
256:
242:
240:
236:
230:
222:
221:
215:
206:
203:
198:
194:
190:
188:
183:
177:
175:
171:
167:
159:
155:
151:
147:
138:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
120:The Nude Maja
115:
113:
112:Kenneth Clark
109:
104:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
85:religious art
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
48:
40:
39:
34:
30:
19:
6204:
6194:
6063:
6026:Ilsley Boone
6021:Paul Bindrim
6011:Kurt Barthel
5933:Nude beaches
5928:Nude wedding
5858:Gay naturism
5825:Strip search
5548:
5544:
5526:
5511:
5507:
5488:. Retrieved
5484:
5471:February 17,
5469:. Retrieved
5453:. Retrieved
5448:
5432:. Retrieved
5427:
5411:. Retrieved
5406:
5392:November 10,
5390:. Retrieved
5374:. Retrieved
5369:
5325:
5314:February 22,
5312:. Retrieved
5308:the original
5303:
5269:. Retrieved
5265:
5249:. Retrieved
5232:. Retrieved
5205:February 24,
5203:. Retrieved
5197:
5183:February 16,
5181:. Retrieved
5177:
5164:
5155:
5145:February 23,
5143:. Retrieved
5139:
5127:the original
5122:
5109:
5095:November 10,
5093:. Retrieved
5088:The Guardian
5086:
5057:(1): 51–74.
5054:
5050:
5021:
5017:
4998:
4994:
4957:
4953:
4928:
4924:
4899:
4895:
4870:
4866:
4833:
4829:
4804:
4800:
4782:
4772:– via
4758:
4738:
4728:– via
4714:
4693:
4683:
4663:
4642:
4621:
4601:
4582:
4562:
4541:
4521:
4502:
4480:
4460:
4432:
4404:
4383:
4362:
4341:
4320:
4300:
4280:
4270:
4251:
4231:
4211:
4202:
4192:– via
4178:
4155:
4135:
4114:
4103:– via
4088:
4066:
4046:
4029:
3998:
3986:
3974:
3969:, p. 4.
3962:
3950:
3945:, p. 6.
3938:
3926:
3914:
3909:, p. 1.
3902:
3890:
3878:
3866:
3854:. Retrieved
3850:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3810:
3801:
3789:. Retrieved
3784:
3775:
3763:. Retrieved
3751:
3741:
3729:. Retrieved
3724:The Guardian
3722:
3713:
3701:. Retrieved
3696:
3672:. Retrieved
3668:
3644:. Retrieved
3640:
3616:. Retrieved
3612:
3603:
3598:(2018): 266.
3595:
3575:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3512:
3505:Leppert 2007
3500:
3493:Leppert 2007
3488:
3481:Nochlin 1988
3476:
3465:
3455:
3440:
3433:Leppert 2007
3428:
3416:
3409:Mullins 2006
3404:
3397:Mullins 2006
3392:
3385:Mullins 2006
3380:
3370:November 10,
3368:. Retrieved
3358:
3351:Leppert 2007
3346:
3337:
3331:
3319:
3309:November 10,
3307:. Retrieved
3302:The Guardian
3300:
3291:
3281:February 16,
3279:. Retrieved
3275:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3222:Leppert 2007
3217:
3205:
3196:
3184:. Retrieved
3156:
3144:
3132:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3082:
3070:
3060:December 29,
3058:. Retrieved
3045:
3035:December 29,
3033:. Retrieved
3029:
3019:
3010:
2989:
2962:
2950:
2938:
2926:
2914:
2902:
2873:
2854:
2848:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2766:
2754:
2744:February 28,
2742:. Retrieved
2729:
2722:Steiner 2001
2717:
2705:
2693:
2681:
2669:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2632:
2620:
2608:
2596:
2591:, p. 9.
2584:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2539:
2527:. Retrieved
2518:
2470:Andrew Wyeth
2463:
2412:Academic art
2370:Experimental
2369:
2354:installation
2351:
2330:Anne Brigman
2322:
2303:
2299:
2284:
2230:
2228:
2214:
2199:intersection
2192:
2167:
2152:
2126:
2122:
2110:
2101:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2064:
2061:Laura Mulvey
2054:
2044:
2036:Lucian Freud
2029:
2026:
2014:
2006:
1996:
1979:
1950:
1941:
1893:
1889:Cecily Brown
1874:
1867:
1862:
1847:Lucian Freud
1845:
1841:Lucian Freud
1830:
1816:Contemporary
1802:
1798:misogynistic
1791:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1753:
1735:Olive Thomas
1720:Edvard Munch
1698:
1680:
1662:
1644:
1624:
1606:
1577:
1558:Egon Schiele
1551:
1539:
1531:
1524:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1480:
1474:
1465:
1453:
1448:
1432:
1411:
1391:
1371:
1351:
1331:
1294:
1279:Early Modern
1263:Early modern
1252:
1229:
1200:
1165:
1145:
1127:
1123:
1103:
1072:Hans Baldung
1067:
1054:Michelangelo
1047:
1027:
1009:
996:Michelangelo
989:
971:Adam and Eve
969:
954:16th century
939:figure study
928:
922:
912:
908:
900:Rokeby Venus
898:
888:
878:
876:
865:
860:
842:
827:
824:Michelangelo
809:
801:
789:
764:
727:
720:Adam and Eve
716:
697:Kuroda Seiki
692:
671:
667:
652:
622:
608:Bala Krishna
574:
563:
528:
510:
476:Marathon Boy
474:
388:
386:
372:
371:' sculpture
365:contrapposto
342:
335:
315:
286:
232:
217:
199:
195:
191:
178:
173:
169:
165:
163:
149:
128:
118:
116:
107:
105:
97:
79:, including
52:
51:
47:Michelangelo
41: (1504)
36:
29:
6236:Visual arts
5948:By location
5923:Naked party
5678:Toplessness
5376:October 25,
5110:PhotoVision
4902:(2): 1–21.
4583:John Currin
4499:Nead, Lynda
3871:Nelson 1995
3697:Artnet News
3568:Fields 2012
3517:Jacobs 1994
2790:Graves 2003
2492:Model (art)
2358:performance
2313:Photography
2135:previously.
2132:Helen Beard
2051:John Berger
1885:John Currin
1859:obese model
1685:Anders Zorn
1591:Late Modern
1548:Late modern
1492:Paris Salon
1486:painted by
1477:Orientalism
1420:(1884–1887)
1300:(1797)) by
826:'s massive
781:Renaissance
743:Crucifixion
708:Middle Ages
673:The Prophet
625:(c. 1753),
557:, etc. The
535:Chinese art
369:Polykleitos
174:information
170:pornography
89:portraiture
81:allegorical
73:Renaissance
69:Middle Ages
61:Western art
6220:Categories
6159:Naked News
6064:Nude (art)
5918:Naked yoga
5901:Nude beach
5863:Gymnosophy
5775:Candaulism
5748:Striptease
5705:Dress code
5683:Topfreedom
4012:References
3991:Daris 2016
3979:Clark 1956
3967:Scala 2009
3943:Dawes 1984
3907:Scala 2009
3811:Cheim Read
2994:Clark 1956
2967:Clark 1956
2955:Clark 1956
2943:Ryder 2008
2931:Clark 1956
2919:Esanu 2018
2674:Clark 1956
2647:August 14,
2589:Clark 1956
2544:Clark 1956
2529:January 7,
2291:human form
2245:See also:
2233:(1918) by
2032:Alice Neel
1944:(1878) by
1855:Postmodern
1820:See also:
1805:Alice Neel
1756:(1932) by
1703:(1917) by
1683:(1917) by
1665:(1912) by
1647:(1911) by
1629:(1909) by
1609:(1903) by
1542:Lynda Nead
1468:(1864) by
1437:(1877) by
1396:(1891) by
1376:(1869) by
1356:(1863) by
1336:(1814) by
1267:See also:
1241:Rubenesque
1203:(1751) by
1170:(1654) by
1108:(1622) by
1070:(1514) by
1052:(1513) by
1032:(1538) by
974:(1507) by
947:live model
509:So-called
402:Praxiteles
398: 360
374:Doryphoros
349:Bronze Age
330:See also:
5815:Obscenity
5765:Voyeurism
5743:Streaking
5355:ignored (
5345:cite book
5266:INDY Week
5051:De Ethica
5024:: 76–86.
4982:162701161
4945:193129278
4916:142427676
4887:143370129
4858:192983153
4451:965117928
4424:965382008
3955:MOMA 2012
3856:April 14,
3760:0362-4331
3137:Nead 1992
2686:Nead 1992
2601:Nead 1992
2366:Mona Kuhn
2362:video art
2348:New media
2081:Aristotle
2073:male gaze
1904:happening
1554:modernism
1455:Nude Maja
1172:Rembrandt
885:Giorgione
812:Donatello
699:(c. 1899)
551:Khajuraho
525:Asian art
237:from the
135:Odalisque
91:, or the
6231:Painting
6226:Nude art
6196:Category
6142:See also
5835:Naturism
5770:Anasyrma
5753:Stripper
5490:July 19,
5455:July 15,
5434:July 15,
5413:July 15,
5251:July 15,
5234:July 19,
5091:. London
4792:Journals
4501:(1992).
4366:. PIML.
4176:(2009).
3791:April 7,
3765:April 7,
3731:April 7,
3703:April 7,
3674:April 7,
3669:Lucy Liu
3646:March 9,
3618:April 7,
3435:, Ch. 2.
3423:, Ch. 5.
3186:March 9,
3151:, Ch. 3.
2921:, Ch. 2.
2907:Hay 1994
2662:Eck 2001
2568:: 1–11.
2376:See also
2178:century.
2139:Lucy Liu
2000:—
1984:, 1610,
1900:Yoko Ono
1700:Red Nude
1626:La danse
850:for the
496:Lysippos
459:Dionysus
393:created
110:by Lord
53:The nude
6069:History
5988:Oceania
5981:Seattle
5738:Mooning
5673:Massage
5634:Modesty
5607:History
5271:May 30,
5123:Artinfo
5018:October
4974:2863112
4821:1773024
3467:ARTnews
2546:, Ch.1.
2262:-style
1777:In the
1741:in 1920
1512:Olympia
1470:Daumier
1353:Olympia
1232:Baroque
924:Raphael
570:ukiyo-e
543:Bharhut
268:Astarte
209:History
187:obscene
130:Olympia
6206:Portal
5966:Europe
5956:Africa
5688:Canada
5593:Nudity
5555:
5533:
5518:
5333:
5038:778520
5036:
4980:
4972:
4943:
4914:
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