284:, barely out of college, he got a job in the German Government bureau directing the flow of raw materials through Germany. In no time, he headed it. At 27 he persuaded Belgian industrialists to accept the paper currency issued in occupied territory. After the War he managed Germany's central monetary office, where his first job was to organize the Amsterdam branch of the famous, 125-year-old Mendelssohn & Co. Bank." The article continued, "Mysterious (few people even knew his name), powerful, grasping, he began to formulate the financial policies of nations and to get fat. At one time he worked simultaneously for the German, Austrian, Czech, Polish, Hungarian, Yugoslav and Romanian Central Banks. Twice he turned down the presidency of the German
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speculated on the manner of death, with many newspapers suggesting suicide; but
Mannheimer's health had always been precarious, due, in part, to his excessive weight. In addition to the heart attack suffered on his wedding day, he reportedly nearly died after suffering another, while travelling in Egypt, in 1937. Shortly before his death, Mannheimer, who stood 172 centimetres (5 ft 8 in) tall, was described as being "half his normal weight" of 90 kg (200 lb).
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profile, while acknowledging
Mannheimer's power and position, was also remarkably negative, describing him as "fat-lipped, mean, noxious, cigar-chomping" man who gave one of his mistresses a gold bathtub and who, "after 20 years in The Netherlands, could not speak enough Dutch to boss his chauffeur."
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took place under "circumstances attended by a measure of mystery." The day after his death, Mendelssohn & Co. in
Amsterdam announced that it was insolvent and that Mannheimer's collections, which were valued at more than 13 million guilders (approximately $ 100,000,000 today), had been largely
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On 9 August 1939, two months after his wedding, Mannheimer reportedly was in his
Amsterdam office when he received a phone call from an unidentified party, left the office, boarded a train for France, and joined his wife at their house, where he died the same day. Contemporary observers quickly
408:. She was born on 24 December 1939, six months after her parents' marriage and four months after her father's death. (Commonly called Annette, she later became the second wife of the Dominican-American fashion designer
592:
Martin,James
Stewart; All Honorable Men: The Story of the Men on Both Sides of the Atlantic on Both Sides of the Atlantic Who Successfully Thwarted Plans to Dismantle the Nazi Cartel System, 2016.
479:) were seized by the bank. As a history of Mendelssohn & Co. states, "the Amsterdam branch had to suspend its activities due to false speculations on the part of its director."
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profile, Mannheimer, who had long been obese and in ill health, suffered a heart attack during the wedding and had to be revived with two injections. The best man was
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Another source recalled that while most
Amsterdam bankers were discreet enough to use taxis for daily transportation, the flamboyant Mannheimer traveled by a
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622:. By the time of Mannheimer's acquisition it was considered as an authentic masterpiece by the Vermeer experts, even by the then renowned art historian
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lamp known as the "Oak Tree
Menorah"), and his collection of 18th-century furniture (much of it acquired for him by the American decorator
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owns one of the masterpieces of
Mannheimer's collection, "Young Man Blowing Bubbles" (a.k.a. "Soap Bubbles"), a circa-1734 painting by
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In fact, Mendelssohn & Co. Amsterdam was independent of the Berlin
Mendelssohn bank. As such it helped the German industrialist
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in 1952, when it was repatriated from
Germany; the museum was forced to sell half of the collection by the order of the Dutch
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funded on unlimited bank credit. Housed at his homes in the Netherlands and France, Mannheimer's art (which included works by
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S. Bailly, 'Fritz Mannheimer - Le banquier qui a tenté de sauver l'Europe du nazisme', Paris, Éditions Jourdan, 2019.
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The entire Mendelssohn firm was forcibly liquidated by the Nazis later that same year—its assets were transferred to
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of Finance. Coincidentally, Mannheimer's Amsterdam residence now is used for some of the Rijksmuseum's offices. The
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698:"Mendelssohn Lost Heavily on Bonds; Huge Fortune of Mannheimer Is Believed to Have Been Lost in His Operations ",
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Rogues' Gallery: The Secret Story of the Lust, Lies, Greed, and Betrayals That Made the Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Rogues' Gallery: The Secret Story of the Lust, Lies, Greed, and Betrayals That Made the Metropolitan Museum of Art
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218:. His international financial work brought him recognition, such as being awarded Grand Officer of the
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to establish an American firm, thus circumventing the rules against German capital in the U.S.A.
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or any private financier. His was the last Jewish-owned bank allowed to do business in Germany.
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in his place. Schacht got the job. He began to buy antiques, among them the valuable
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was just one of many leading world newspapers which reported that Mannheimer's
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733:"Records at the Met Disprove Charge of Acquiring 5 Paintings Improperly",
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The Lost Masters: World War II and the Looting of Europe's Treasure Houses
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371:(1917–2004). Born in China, she was one of three daughters born to
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who served as Brazil's consul in that city, and his American-born
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The couple had one child, Anne France Mannheimer, later known as
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The lion's share of Mannheimer's collection was acquired by the
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Jane's first husband was Friz Mannheimer, A Jew from Stuttgart"
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At his home in Vaucresson, on 1 June 1939, Mannheimer married
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of the banker published in the 21 August 1939 edition of
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that was for some time the main supporter of the Dutch
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in Amsterdam, which was derogatorily nicknamed "Villa
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the Netherlands
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banker and art collector who was the director of the
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499:. Other works from the collections were stored in
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649:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
631:. Archived from the original on October 28, 2009
491:—and much of Mannheimer's art was purchased by
387:wife, Marie Ignatius Murphy. According to the
483:Demise of bank, dispersal of art collection
775:Newspaper clippings about Fritz Mannheimer
187:(19 September 1890 – 9 August 1939) was a
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719:"Daladier Testifies in War Guilt Court",
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684:"Fritz Mannheimer, Financier, Is Dead",
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712:"Holland Unmoved by Bank's Crisis",
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258:and became a Dutch citizen in 1936.
226:in 1941, but it was returned to the
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705:"Trustees Named for Mendelssohn",
618:and it was proved to be a fake by
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726:"Met Painting Traced to Nazis",
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843:Businesspeople from Stuttgart
833:Art collectors from Amsterdam
730:, 24 November 1987, page C19.
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723:, 23 September 1940, page 5.
528:Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
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32:Mannheimer (with cigar) and
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779:20th Century Press Archives
680:New archival research, 2014
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716:, 21 August 1939, page 23.
709:, 15 August 1939, page 32.
688:, 11 August 1939, page 19.
524:Metropolitan Museum of Art
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616:Man and Woman at a Spinet
463:including a naturalistic
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629:"An unpublished Vermeer"
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355:17th-century mansion in
252:University of Heidelberg
117:University of Heidelberg
203:-based investment bank
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172:Anne-France Mannheimer
828:Jewish art collectors
823:German art collectors
788:kalden.home.xs4all.nl
770:at Wikimedia Commons
532:Wildenstein & Co.
406:Anne France Engelhard
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205:Mendelssohn & Co.
137:Mendelssohn & Co.
451:, at least one fake
262:Career and lifestyle
254:where he obtained a
538:to France in 1946.
495:in 1941, after the
735:The New York Times
728:The New York Times
721:The New York Times
714:The New York Times
707:The New York Times
700:The New York Times
693:The New York Times
686:The New York Times
427:The New York Times
363:Marriage and child
341:Villa Monte Cristo
766:Media related to
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457:Meissen porcelain
410:Oscar de la Renta
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333:Hobbemastraat 20
294:Eucharistic Dove
266:According to an
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296:stolen from
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238:Born into a
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76:(1939-08-09)
808:1939 deaths
803:1890 births
536:repatriated
516:Rijksmuseum
331:mansion at
322:Rolls-Royce
280:During the
248:WĂĽrttemberg
228:Netherlands
189:German-born
103:Citizenship
93:Nationality
64:WĂĽrttemberg
797:Categories
674:References
373:Hugo Reiss
345:Vaucresson
286:Reichsbank
242:family in
123:Occupation
82:Vaucresson
52:1890-09-19
441:Fragonard
357:Amsterdam
325:limousine
244:Stuttgart
197:Amsterdam
127:Financier
60:Stuttgart
645:cite web
558:p. 380 |
520:Ministry
469:Hanukkah
381:Shanghai
353:palatial
329:redbrick
298:Salzburg
268:obituary
213:post-war
168:Children
133:Employer
781:of the
777:in the
501:England
461:Judaica
453:Vermeer
445:Watteau
437:Chardin
339:", and
337:Protski
216:Germany
162:
154:
36:in 1932
605:p. 379
509:France
467:-1800
459:, and
449:Rubens
447:, and
432:demise
349:France
240:Jewish
224:Hitler
201:Berlin
143:Spouse
97:German
86:France
542:Notes
505:Vichy
465:circa
416:Death
343:near
193:Dutch
178:1939)
156:(
152:
107:Dutch
651:link
637:2021
581:Time
503:and
390:Time
317:Time
315:The
273:Time
71:Died
42:Born
783:ZBW
579:",
412:.)
282:War
799::
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643:{{
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566:^
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158:m.
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