Erechtheion - Knowledge

1059: 988: 2496: 576: 701: 940:. The six korai of the porch all exhibit subtle variations, implying that they do not represent a repetition of a single person or deity but a group of individuals. Lesk argues that they may have been intended as a replacement for the (highly individuated) Acropolis korai that were destroyed by the Persians and in this capacity represent the servants of Athena who stood ready to make libation to the cult statue housed inside. Vickers suggests not only a later date for the construction of the Erechtheion but that the korai are actually 792: 820: 101: 1050:, a Hermes, the saltwater well and a collection of spoils from the Persian War. To the north of this chamber was the north porch whose coffered ceiling was pierced supposedly as the entry point of one of Poseidon's thunderbolts; indentations below were thought to be the resulting trident marks. The altar of Thyechoos stood over the trident marks. Continuing outside was the sanctuary precinct, which may have contained the sacred olive tree, the snake pit, the Tomb of Kekrops and the Pandrosieon. 524: 416:: the Temple of Athena Polias and the Erechtheion. However, whether the Erechtheion referred to by Pausanias and other sources is indeed the Ionic temple or an entirely different building has become a point of contention in recent decades, with various scholars ruling out that Athena and Erechtheus were worshipped in a single building. Alternative suggested locations of the true Erechtheion include the structures on the Acropolis conventionally identified as the 846: 881:. Peter Schultz's recent reinterpretation of the standing god and goddesses on the east porch of the Nike Athena temple as the birth of Athena invites comparison with the birth scene on the Parthenon pediment and has prompted the question of whether there is a tradition of birth scenes in Attic sculpture that was continued on the Erechtheion frieze. As is typical of the Ionic style, there is no pediment sculpture on the Erechtheion. 25: 885: 862:

elements, 112 fragments of the frieze have survived, perhaps 80% of the figures. Attempts to match dowel hole to figure have not been successful, and therefore the order of the figures and overall theme of frieze remains unclear. However, several attempts to identify individual scenes within the sequence of figures have been made. According to Pallat, the north porch had a chariot race with a

560:. To the south of the Erechtheion site would have been the Dörpfeld Foundations Temple, now thought to be the archaic Temple of Athena Polias, the foundations of which are visible on the acropolis today. Examination of the remains of the north edge of this temple by Korres might suggest the boundaries of the pre-Ionic Erechtheion site and therefore determine the shape of the classical 680:'s harem. However, new research questions whether the building was actually in use as a harem, as this is not found in Turkish sources. This final period of the building's use also witnessed the beginning of traveller's accounts and architectural recording of the structure along with its despoliation by antique collectors. Perhaps the greatest damage to the edifice came with the 807:, having six sculpted female figures as supports, all facing south and standing on a low wall. The only entrance to the Porch of the Maidens was the stairway from the interior of the naos. The western end is a double-height space, and at the second-storey level, the outside west facing wall has an engaged base moulding with four 761:

at the north-west corner. Next to this porch is an outside terrace and steps leading to the east porch. East of the north doorway is an underground opening that leads to a crypt under the north porch with a pit for snakes. On the west end of the north elevation of the western naos, a further door and

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In the official decrees the Ionic building is referred to as "... το͂ νεὸ το͂ ἐμ πόλει ἐν ο͂ι τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἄγαλμα" (the temple on the Acropolis within which is the ancient statue). In other instances it is referred to as the Temple of the Polias. The joint cult of Athena and Poseidon-Erechtheus appears

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In the post-revolutionary period, ambitious plans were drawn up to clear the Acropolis and build a royal palace for the newly installed Bavarian king. Although no such palace was built, the plateau was cleared of much of the post-classical accretions, which were thought to obscure the site, and left

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For the Erechtheion this meant the remnants of the Frankish North Addition, the Venetian vault in the North Porch, the Ottoman masonry structure in the angle of the westward projection of the North Porch and the West Façade, and the Frankish and Ottoman alterations of the interior were removed. The

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The building accounts for the classical Erechtheion from 409–404 BC have survived, allowing an unusually secure dating of the construction of the temple. Nevertheless, the question remains of when the building project was inaugurated. There is no primary evidence for when construction began; it is

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period, there is nothing from LHII-LH IIIA, only from LH IIIB is there evidence of habitation in the form of terracing, children's graves, and a limestone column base. Hurwitt, arguing by analogy with population centres elsewhere from the period, maintains that there may have been a cult centre on

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nature of Athenian identity. J.H. Clements argues that the Erechtheion was built to house a diverse collection of religious objects, akin to a "'museum of curiosities' for the collections of religious objects", and that it is problematic to draw an overall theme for the religious purpose of the

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The subsequent history of the building has been one of damage, restoration and change of use, which complicates the task of reconstructing the original structure. The first recorded fire that the classical building suffered was perhaps 377–376, a second more severe fire took hold sometime in 1st

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has made it one of the more problematic sites in classical archaeology. The precise nature and location of the various religious and architectural elements within the building remain the subject of debate. The temple was nonetheless a seminal example of the classical Ionic style and was highly

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The cults of the Erechtheion encompass the birth of Erichthonius from the soil of Attica; the tomb of Kekrops, mythical king and cult hero to the Athenians; and their relationship to the tutelary deities of the city. For many years, the accepted scholarly opinion has been that the Erechtheion

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of the naos and north porch has a frieze of blue Eleusinian limestone that was decorated with white Pentelic marble figures attached by means of iron dowels. This "cameo-like" effect of the contrasting stones was unique amongst Ionic temples and rare in any other applications. Of the sculpted

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is apparently divided in two, with the floor of the western part of the building three meters lower than the eastern section but with identical ceiling height. The western end of the naos has three entrances. On the north of the western naos is a great door and step leading to the lower Ionic

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The following may be the product of an attempted syncretism or merely a bricolage of relics accrued over time. On the east porch, immediately before the temple door, was an altar to Zeus Hypatos. Continuing inside in the eastern chamber of the naos would have been the altars to Poseidon and

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There is no wholly satisfactory account of the interior layout of the Erechtheion in antiquity since it has over time been entirely erased. The points of contention are whether and where there was an internal dividing wall, and whether the building had two storeys as suggested by Pausanias'

463:. This is attributed either to the irregularity of the site or to the evolving and complex nature of the cults which the building housed, or it is conjectured to be the incomplete part of a larger symmetrical building. Additionally, its post-classical history of change of use, damage, and 1085:'s account of the topography of the acropolis published in 1682. Their use of ancient sources in the identification of ancient buildings rather than local folklore, as had been the case before, was innovative and presaged the beginning of scholarship with regard to the Erechtheion. 1227:, AJA, Vol. 83, No. 4 (Oct., 1979), pp. 381–394; Vinciane Pirenne-Delforge, "Un oikèma appelé Érechtheion (Pausanias, I, 26, 5)", in P. Carlier and C. Lerouge-Cohen (ed.), Paysage et religion en Grèce antique. Mélanges offerts à Madeleine Jost, Paris, 2010, pp. 147–163. 1132:'s in 1902–1909. Dissatisfaction with Balanos's haphazard placement of the ashlar blocks and his use of steel joints that caused additional damage led to the creation of the interdisciplinary Acropolis Restoration Service in 1975, whose conservation work is ongoing. 1857:

Vitruvius De Architectura 1.1.5. See M. Vickers, "Persepolis, Vitruvius, and the Erechtheum Caryatids: The Iconography of Medism and Servitude." RA 1 1985 The conflation of the Erectheion korai with caryatids has been as persistent as it is problematic. See Lesk

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are mourners for Kekrops because of the association of caryatids with tombs. Shear disputes this is a tomb since it does not follow the pattern of other religious tokens. For Shear the architectural supports are derived from the bases of the columns of the

520:, which appear to have been in use between LH IIIB and LH IIIC, attests to attempts to fortify the hill-top as the "strong-built house of Erechtheus" recorded in the Homeric tradition. The well may be an indication of the location of the cult of Erechtheus. 1989:

The Erechtheion is not mentioned by Cyriac of Ancona or Niccolò da Martoni. The earliest reference is perhaps the so-called 'Vienna Anonymous' manuscript of the late 15th century, Imperial Library of Vienna (Codex theolog. Gr., 252, fol. 29-32). See Lesk

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Then there is the problem of the identity of the korai. In the building accounts they are referred to as korai or maidens. The lower arms of all the caryatids have been lost. In 1952 the discovery of copies from Tivoli revealed that the korai carried

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In the post-classical period, the Erechtheion was subject to a number of structural changes that must be assumed to have been prompted by the building's adaptation to Christian worship. The first was its conversion to a pillared hall with a

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of the archaic temple of Athena Polias and that the altar of Athena was in the west half of the chamber and the altars of Erechtheus, Poseidon and Boutes in the other. Alternatively, that the Erechtheion was a replacement for the east

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undertook the reconstruction of the Parthenon as a pagan temple in circa AD 361 and 363, at which point the Parthenon was the only attested site of the cult of Athena on the Acropolis, implying that the Erechtheion had been abandoned.

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and are typical of the miniaturization of elements of the Ionic style when it was imported from Asia Minor to the Greek mainland. Nor was the use of korai as an architectural support element a novelty, as they were used before in the

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The Erechtheion potentially served as a reliquary for an assortment of religious items rather than being dedicated to a single deity, as was usually the case. Ludwig Pallat posits that the Erechtheion is the expression of the

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and also from later Greek texts. The extant building is the successor of several temples and buildings on the site. Its precise date of construction is unknown; it has traditionally been thought to have been built from

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topped by Ionic capitals. The spaces between these columns were of open grillwork. From the outside, the western facade would have had the appearance of having a floor at the same level as the eastern naos. The

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The archaeology under the Erechtheion is also poorly evidenced for the archaic and early classical periods. Despite this a number of proposals have been made for a structure on the site immediately before the

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in 1787. This book, perhaps more than any other, was influential in disseminating the Ionic style and the form of the Erechtheion amongst architects and an appreciative public in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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fulfilled a triplicate purpose in its interior design: to "replace the Old Temple , to house the old image, and to unite in an organized building several shrines and places of religious significance."

664:. In the 12th century, the basilica was renovated. The round apse was enlarged and was given straight sides on the exterior. The chancel screen was extended to the North and South Walls. During the 684:, when the Maiden Porch and west facade were felled by cannon fire and the masonry joints were scavenged for lead. This ruined state is the condition of the site that prompted the first major 1077:

and Europe began to improve and access to Greece was opened. Moreover, the building north of the Parthenon was not identified with Pausanias' description of the Temple of Athena Polias until

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to have been established on the Acropolis at a very early period, and they were even worshipped in the same temple as may, according to the traditional view, be inferred from two passages in

1940:"The ancient olive-wood statue is variously referred to as hagion, bretas, hedos, eidolon, xoanon and agalma. Diipetes means it fell from heaven to imply that it was very old" Lesk p.759 596:

of 413. Alternatively, dates as early as the mid-430s and as late as 412 have been put forward. Work seems to have ended in 406–405, and the last accounts were from 405–404, though some

1065:: 62. Athènes. Temple de Minerve Poliade. Daguerreotype, 1842. The first photograph of the Erechtheion -- image is laterally reversed; the war damage is still evident as well as the 1467:

Paton et al, 1927, Chapter IV collates the building accounts. See also Shimon Epstein, Attic Public Construction: Who Were The Builders?, Ancient Society Vol. 40 (2010), pp. 1-14.

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description of it as a διπλοῦν... οἴκημα. The conventional view of the reconstruction of the interior of the Erechtheion naos is that it was divided in two in imitation of the

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However, S. Iakovides, Ὴ Μυκηναικη Ἁκροπολις των Αθηνων, Athens, 1962, and J.A. Bundgaard, Parthenon and the Mycenaean City on the Heights, Copenhagen, 1976 questions this.

1890: 2970: 2945: 499:. L.B. Holland conjectured that the remains under the Erechtheion was the forecourt of a palace complex similar to that of Mycenae. The scant evidence of the period 1911:

J.H. Clements, Visualizing Autochthony: The Iconography Of Athenian Identity In The Late Fifth Century Bc, Johns Hopkins University, 2015, PhD Thesis, page 140

1900:

J.H. Clements, Visualizing Autochthony: The Iconography Of Athenian Identity In The Late Fifth Century Bc, Johns Hopkins University, 2015, PhD Thesis, page ii

1912: 1901: 1307:

M. Korres "Recent Discoveries on the Acropolis," Acropolis Restoration: the CCAM Interventions, R. Economakis, ed., London and New York, pp. 175–179. 1994.

1092:, who published the first reconstruction of the temple in 1745 and who was the first to conjecture the existence of a larger, symmetrical building. Later, 1710:

Found on the metopes by Skopias 4th c temple of Athena Alea, Tegea, and bases of cult statues at Olympia and elsewhere. Harrison 1977, Lesk pp.119-120

564:. Korres argues that a columnar monument marking the kekropeion would have been approximately where the Porch of the Maidens is, and that there was a 2147: 676:. With the advent of Ottoman control and the adaptation of the Acropolis plateau to a garrison, the Erechtheion took on its final incarnation as the 2246: 2955: 781: 432:. However, while there is no consensus among scholars on this issue, the building continues to be referred to as the Erechtheion by convention. 2735: 2392: 1674:

A form of anta also found at the Propylaia, C.H. Weller, The Original Plan of the Erechtheum, American Journal of Archaeology, 1921, p.134.

1521:

M. Vickers, "Persepolis, Vitruvius, and the Erechtheum Caryatids: The Iconography of Medism and Servitude." RA 1 1985, p.25. See Lesk p.66

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would have been the most convenient time to begin a major construction project and that there was a likely hiatus in building during the

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Not mentioned in Plutarch's list and the conventional date of the start of construction is after Perikles' death, however J.M Hurwitt,

404:

The Ionic building, made to house the statue of Athena Polias, has in modern scholarship been called the Erechtheion (the sanctuary of

448:–406 BC, but more recent scholarship favours a date in the 430s, when it could have been part of the programme of works instigated by 1971:

An alternative tradition claims that this was the point at which Zeus killed Erechtheus. J. Harrison, Themis, Cambridge, 1912, p.171.

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Pirenne-Delforge, V. (2010). "Un oikèma appelé Érechtheion (Pausanias, I, 26, 5)". In Carlier, P.; Lerouge-Cohen, C. (eds.).

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There are several theories about the function and significance of the Maiden Porch. Kontoleon has argued that it served as a

1120:, whose despoliation of the Maiden Porch was, at the time, more controversial than his removal of the Parthenon sculptures. 1058: 2685: 2575: 2495: 987: 607:), Philokles and Archilochos, have come down to us. They worked on the site after 409. But the identity of the architect ( 527:

Topographical plan of the 1885 excavation of the Acropolis by Georg Kawerau, 1906. Conjectural reconstructions are in red.

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and changed to a Bishop's residence, probably for the Catholic bishops of Athens who held mass in the Latin Cathedral of

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roof at some point in the 4th century. In the late 6th or 7th century, the Erechtheion was converted into a three-aisled

1369:

Leicester B. Holland, Erechtheum Papers IV. "The Building Called the Erechtheum", AJA, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1924, pp. 425-434

2950: 2385: 2101: 1889:

Leonore L.M.E. Poldervaart, Identifying Myth: The korai of the Erechtheion revisited, Utrecht 2018, PhD Thesis,p.54,

68: 50: 2871: 2785: 1320:, Berlin, 1942. See also Dinsmoor 1932, pp. 314–326, Elderkin 1912, pp. 53–58; Hawes, The Riddle of the Erechtheum. 799:

On the south wall of the western naos was an L-shaped staircase which leads to the higher Porch of the Maidens (or

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Travellers' accounts of the Erechtheion are relatively scarce before the 18th century, when relations between the

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of the ceilings. The capitals were gilded and the braidings at the column bases were studded with coloured glass.

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I. Shear, "Maidens in Greek Architecture. The Origin of the Caryatids." BCH 123, pp. 65-85. 1999. See Lesk, p.105

1117: 2655: 2590: 1093: 35: 2881: 2855: 1449:, in Acropolis Restoration: the CCAM Interventions, R. Economakis, ed., London and New York, pp. 35-51, 1994. 1128:

first attempted reconstruction of the damaged building was Pittakis's in 1839–40. The second anastylosis was

1082: 503:

includes potsherds and scraps of a wall under the foundations of the Ionic temple. From the remainder of the

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Ancient Greek: Ναὸς τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς τῆς Πολιάδος, Greek: Ναός της Αθηνάς Πολιάδος. An epithet it shares with the

2965: 2940: 2378: 877:, the sacrifice of Erectheus' daughters to save Athens and the departure of Erechtheus for the battle with 673: 2156: 488:

The classical Erechtheion is the last in a series of buildings approximately on the mid-north site of the

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of Athena Polias and perhaps immediately before that a table. Additionally, this room housed the Lamp of

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suffered a further major destruction at some point in the 3rd or 4th century AD; whether this was due to

516:, which could represent the primitive origins of the Athenian cult. Additionally, the Mycenaean well and 1962:

Of the spoils, see D. Harris, The Treasures of the Parthenon and Erechetheion, Oxford, 1995, pp.201-222.

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might have been displayed. In the western section, there may have been the tomb of Erechtheus, the

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temple, which would have contained the "trident marks" in its pronaos. Others restore a number of

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The Athenian Acropolis: History, Mythology, and Archaeology from the Neolithic Era to the Present

550: 46: 1812:

Scholl, A. 1995. "Choephoroi: Zur Deutung der Korenhalle des Erechtheion." JdI 110, pp. 179-212.

1618:"The Turkish harem in the Karyatid Temple and antagonistic narratives on the Athenian Acropolis" 1162: 1100:

published the first accurate measured drawings of the Erechtheion in the second volume of their

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Erechtheus, Hephaistos and Boutes, and thrones of the temple priests. It is here that Athena's

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The Erechtheion is a "remarkably luxurious" building in the detailing of its mouldings. Lotus-

575: 2585: 2450: 2430: 955:

chains (anthemion) decorate the column capitals and epicranitis of the temple. Additionally,

282: 2293:

Shear, Ione Mylonas (1999). "Maidens in Greek Architecture: The Origin of the 'Caryatids'".

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on the west face and Athena catching the daughters of Kekrops opening the basket containing

2845: 2730: 2700: 2675: 2560: 2525: 1876:

Berlin, Altes Museum (Antikensammlung) F 2537. Beazley ARP 1268, 2. See also A. Avramidou,

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1.26.5. diploun...oikema, "the building is double" W.H.S. Jones, Pausanias, Harvard, 1918.

1202: 597: 588:. The latter is broadly the consensus view, the rationale being that this lull in the long 429: 425: 386: 123: 412:) in the belief that it encompassed two buildings mentioned by the Greek-Roman geographer 8: 2850: 2455: 2440: 2401: 1256: 758: 640: 593: 500: 489: 390: 1548:

Dörpfeld, Zu den Bauwerken Athens: Erechtheion und alter Tempel." AM 36, pp. 39-49. 1911

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were never finished and some of the bosses of some stone blocks were not chiselled off.

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A. Michaelis, "Die Zeit des Neubaus des Poliastempels in Athens." AM pp. 349- 366. 1889

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century BC or earlier followed by a campaign of repair. The Erechtheion along with the

579:

Accounts of the construction of the Erechtheion (IG I³ 476). Epigraphic Museum, Athens.

215: 1878:

The Codrus Painter: Iconography and Reception of Athenian Vases in the Age of Pericles

1579:. AJA 36, pp. 143-172, 1932. However, Paton et al. 1927, pp. 459-463, dates it to 406. 924:

and therefore represent the classical expression of an established archaic tradition.

2695: 2570: 2328: 2218: 2097: 2091: 1643: 1214:

Pausanias 1.26.5, Pseudo-Plutarch, Decem Oratorum Vitae 2.843e. LSJ s.v. Ἐρεχθεύς A.

1166: 945: 917: 908: 689: 589: 517: 42: 1427:

A.K. Orlandos, Ή αρκιτεκτονικη των Παρθενωνος, 2 vols., Athens. 1977. See Lesk, p33.

660:. The central portion of the east foundations was removed to make room for a curved 2770: 2765: 2760: 2725: 2705: 2600: 2302: 2198: 1629: 1129: 972: 903: 889: 854: 853:

There are two figural sculptural programmes on the Erechtheion; the frieze and the

819: 700: 496: 380: 291: 246: 136: 873:

Other suggestions for aspects of the narrative of the frieze include the story of

2935: 2820: 2795: 2520: 2445: 1097: 1089: 874: 723: 665: 585: 469: 791: 2840: 2744: 2680: 2025:

His notebooks are preserved in the British Museum and British School at Athens.

1074: 992: 808: 669: 368: 154: 1764:

P. Schultz, The Sculptural Program of the Temple of Athena Nike, Athens, 2003.

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2004, p. 174 conjectures that the inception of the building dates to the 430s.

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are liberally placed around the entablature, door and window frames, and the

960: 921: 734: 540: 477: 456: 2470: 1634: 1485:

Dorpfeld, Der ursprünglichen Plan des Erechtheion." AM 29, pp.101-107, 1904.

1237:

van Rookhuijzen, J.Z. (2021). "The Erechtheion on the Acropolis of Athens".

2914: 2908: 2815: 2790: 2620: 2515: 2057:

The Acropolis at Athens: Conservation, Restoration, and Research, 1975-1983

1949:

Possibly aligned with the niche at the southwest corner, see Olga Palagia,

1113: 1108:

For a record of the temple's condition prior to its destruction during the

956: 829: 785: 145: 127: 2306: 523: 2810: 2800: 2690: 2640: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 1787: 858: 773: 709: 685: 649: 616: 569: 417: 383: 167: 2555: 2460: 2273:

Paysage et religion en Grèce antique. Mélanges offerts à Madeleine Jost

2059:, Athens. 1985; Papanikolaou, "The Restoration of the Erechtheion," in 1078: 1003: 937: 933: 896: 837:

of the archaic Temple of Athena and would have had an east cross wall.

754: 727: 554: 504: 493: 405: 2370: 2210: 2645: 2415: 1783: 1116:. Gell's period of study in 1800–1801 coincided with the activity of 968: 941: 845: 777: 769: 742: 712: 628: 612: 537: 509: 459:

in that its asymmetrical composition doesn't conform to the canon of

231: 1953:, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 88, No. 4, 1984, pp. 515-521 899: 53:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2805: 2650: 2625: 2202: 1791: 1011: 964: 952: 878: 863: 800: 751: 716: 653: 636: 632: 449: 409: 2228:

Pallat, Ludwig (1935). "Der Fries der Nordhalle des Erechtheion".

944:

caryatids and represent a memorial to Athens's humiliation in the

2635: 2630: 1617: 912: 884: 764: 738: 719: 657: 620: 557: 545: 1298:

W. B. Dinsmoor, The Architecture of Ancient Greece, London. 1950

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Paton, J.M.; Caskey, L.D.; Fowler, H.N.; Stevens, G.P. (1927).

1043: 1039: 976: 929: 813: 804: 731: 677: 464: 398: 394: 181: 177: 1606:

According, at least, to Spon's account of 1678. See Lesk p.439

1407:

Die Ausgrabung der Akropolis vom Jahre 1885 bis zum Jahre 1890

1353:

Wilkins's Downing College, Inwood's St Pancras. Frank Salmon,

611:) is unknown. Several candidates have been suggested; namely, 345: 2248:Η αποκατάσταση του Ερεχθείου (1979-1987). Η απόδοση του έργου 2178:

Goddess and Polis: The Panathenaic Festival in Ancient Athens

2149:

A Diachronic Examination of the Erechtheion and its Reception

1931:

According to the reconstruction of Travlos. See Travlos p.218

1622:

Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome

1355:

The Erechtheion: An Overlooked Paradigm of the Greek Revival?

1016: 834: 816:

of the north porch is continued at the Porch of the Maidens.

746: 437: 342: 309: 264: 2079:

Boulter, Patricia (1970). "The Frieze of the Erechtheion".

1746:

Hurwit 1999, similar to the peoplos scene on the Parthenon?

1737:

M. Brouskari, The Acropolis Museum, Athens. 1974, pp.152-3.

661: 565: 348: 327: 315: 312: 303: 270: 267: 258: 730:

limestone frieze. The temple's walls were constructed in

536:

in 480 BC. Orlandos reconstructs an obliquely orientated

333: 294: 249: 2318:

Trophies of Victory: Public Building in Periklean Athens

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Langmead, Donald; Garnaut, Christine (1 December 2001).

803:

Porch, or Korai Porch), a prostyle tetrastyle porch, or

704:

Floor plan of the Erechtheion, in its present-day state.

2187:

Pallat, Ludwig (1912). "The Frieze of the Erechtheum".

1575:

Xenophon HG 1.6.1, Dinsmoor dates the fire to 377-376,

870:

on the north and the birth of Ericthonios on the east.

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conjectured to be either the 430s or in 421 during the

1257:

https://www.atticinscriptions.com/inscription/IGI3/474

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Encyclopedia of Architectural and Engineering Feats

902:to the tomb of Kekrops. Scholl has argued that the 351: 339: 318: 297: 252: 2284:Architecture and Meaning on the Athenian Acropolis 1154: 1143: 2971:5th-century BC religious buildings and structures 2155:(Ph.D.). University of Cincinnati. Archived from 2946:Ancient Greek buildings and structures in Athens 2927: 2270: 2231:Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 2063:, R. Economakis, ed., London, pp. 137-149. 1994. 757:porch of six columns, with a distinctive double 1922:A.W. Lawrence, Greek Architecture, 1996. p.138. 1867:Hurwit, Acropolis in the age of Pericles, p.178 1615: 1236: 1152: 1053: 492:, the earliest of which dates back to the late 397:, which was primarily dedicated to the goddess 2736:Museum of the Center for the Acropolis Studies 2115:The Treasures of the Parthenon and Erechtheion 1539:IG I 474 I.3 and IG I 476 II.2-4 respectively. 2386: 2061:Acropolis Restoration: The CCAM Interventions 656:church with the West Corridor serving as the 2244: 737:masonry. The east porch doesn't exhibit any 932:, suggesting that they might be either the 455:The Erechtheion is unique in the corpus of 151:Residence of the Turkish commander's harem 2393: 2379: 936:(as "bearers of unmentionable things") or 2326: 1633: 1577:The Burning of the Opisthodomus at Athens 639:attack or a natural disaster is unclear. 69:Learn how and when to remove this message 1755:C. Robert, Hermes 25, pp. 437-439. 1890. 1057: 986: 883: 844: 818: 790: 699: 574: 522: 2956:5th-century BC establishments in Greece 2400: 2134: 2078: 1124:as a monument and archaeological site. 2928: 2281: 2227: 2186: 2123: 2112: 1447:The History of the Acropolis Monuments 603:The names of the architect-overseers ( 2374: 2315: 2295:Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 2292: 2175: 1112:, there are the detailed drawings of 1088:In this same spirit came the work of 722:which faces east. The building is in 2180:. The Trustees of Dartmouth College. 2145: 2137:Greek Architecture and Its Sculpture 2089: 1782:The korai are attributed by some to 1287:The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles 1225:Where Was the So-Called Erechtheion? 1006:is depicted witnessing the birth of 18: 1063:Joseph-Philibert Girault de Prangey 13: 2892:Siege of the Acropolis (1826–1827) 2887:Siege of the Acropolis (1821–1822) 207:406 BC; (2430 years ago) 14: 2982: 2245:Papanikolaou, Alexandros (2012). 2014:The Temple of Erectheus at Athens 1794:. J.M. Paton et al, 1927, p.238. 1405:From Georg Kawerau, P. Kavvadis, 2872:Achaemenid destruction of Athens 2786:Korai of the Acropolis of Athens 2494: 2251:. Acropolis Restoration Service. 668:(1204–1458), the Erechteion was 534:Achaemenid destruction of Athens 290: 245: 99: 23: 2686:Louis-François-Sébastien Fauvel 2466:Choragic Monument of Thrasyllos 2456:Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus 2190:American Journal of Archaeology 2071: 2046: 2037: 2028: 2019: 2006: 1993: 1983: 1974: 1965: 1956: 1943: 1934: 1925: 1916: 1905: 1894: 1883: 1870: 1861: 1851: 1842: 1833: 1824: 1815: 1806: 1797: 1776: 1767: 1758: 1749: 1740: 1731: 1722: 1713: 1704: 1695: 1686: 1677: 1668: 1659: 1650: 1609: 1600: 1591: 1582: 1569: 1560: 1551: 1542: 1533: 1524: 1515: 1506: 1497: 1488: 1479: 1470: 1461: 1452: 1439: 1430: 1421: 1412: 1399: 1390: 1381: 1372: 1363: 1347: 1335: 1323: 1310: 1301: 1292: 1279: 1276:Iliad VII 80–81, Ody II 546–551 1267:Pausanias 1.27.1, Strabo IX 396 982: 695: 2591:Church of Panagia Atheniotissa 2531:Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia 2282:Rhodes, Robin Francis (1995). 1951:A Niche for Kallimachos' Lamp? 1616:van Rookhuijzen, J.Z. (2021). 1270: 1261: 1249: 1230: 1217: 1208: 1195: 1186: 1: 2882:Siege of the Acropolis (1687) 2316:Shear, T. Leslie Jr. (2016). 2176:Neils, Jennifer, ed. (1992). 996: 991:Birth of Erechthonios by the 708:Externally, the temple is an 442: 1054:Scholarship and conservation 840: 674:Church of Our Lady of Athens 461:Greek classical architecture 7: 2596:Temple of Roma and Augustus 2581:Choragic Monument of Nikias 2055:; Casanaki and Mallouchou, 1512:Hurwit, 1999, pp. 316, 322. 1342:Temple of Roma and Augustus 788:of Athena would have been. 49:the claims made and adding 10: 2987: 2781:Pediments of the Parthenon 920:at Delphi and perhaps the 483: 364: 2951:Temples in ancient Athens 2900: 2864: 2753: 2718: 2671:Giovanni Battista Lusieri 2616: 2609: 2566:Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus 2503: 2492: 2408: 2093:The Archaeology of Athens 1316:W. Dörpfeld, H. Schleif, 1110:Greek War of Independence 857:of the Maiden porch. The 422:Sanctuary of Zeus Polieus 389:on the north side of the 372: 226: 221: 211: 203: 195: 187: 173: 163: 116: 111: 107: 98: 88: 83: 2776:Metopes of the Parthenon 2436:Odeon of Herodes Atticus 2327:Wycherley, R.E. (1978). 1344:, Hadrian's villa Tivoli 1135: 888:Original figures in the 823:The Porch of the Maidens 2877:Sack of Athens (267 AD) 1635:10.30549/opathrom-14-16 1476:Chandler stele IG I 474 1223:See Kristian Jeppesen, 692:between 1837 and 1840. 688:of the Erechtheion, by 551:Temple of Athena Polias 377:Temple of Athena Polias 222:Design and construction 2826:Nike Fixing her Sandal 2551:Altar of Athena Polias 2451:Sanctuary of Asclepius 2113:Harris, Diane (1995). 2090:Camp, John M. (2001). 1557:Shear, 1999, p.82 n.58 1070: 1021: 1010:, and illustrates the 892: 850: 824: 796: 762:step lead to a walled 705: 580: 528: 2431:Temple of Athena Nike 2307:10.3406/bch.1999.7211 2135:Jenkins, Ian (2006). 2001:A Journey into Greece 1192:Travlos, 1971, p. 213 1161:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1102:Antiquities of Athens 1061: 990: 887: 848: 822: 794: 703: 578: 526: 512:to the armed goddess 468:influential on later 2846:Athena Marsyas Group 2731:Old Acropolis Museum 2701:Panagiotis Kavvadias 2676:Reverend Philip Hunt 2561:Sanctuary of Pandion 2526:Old Temple of Athena 2330:The Stones of Athens 1566:Hawes, See Lesk p.71 1436:Hurwit, 1999, p.145. 1203:Old Temple of Athena 1069:in the Maiden Porch. 430:Dörpfeld foundations 426:Sanctuary of Pandion 196:Construction started 16:Ancient Greek temple 2966:Temples of Poseidon 2941:Acropolis of Athens 2856:Three-Bodied Daemon 2851:Nike of Callimachus 2441:Pedestal of Agrippa 2402:Acropolis of Athens 2357:37.9721°N 23.7265°E 2353: / 2275:. pp. 147–163. 2146:Lesk, A.L. (2004). 2124:Hurwit, J. (1999). 2052:Platon et al. 1977 1359:Accessed 17/10/2021 1357:, Cambridge, 2021, 768:, the Sanctuary of 666:Frankish occupation 641:Julian the Apostate 514:a-ta-na-po-ti-ni-ja 490:Acropolis of Athens 164:Architectural style 112:General information 2661:Francesco Morosini 1656:Ephem. Arch. 1839. 1071: 1022: 893: 851: 825: 797: 706: 682:siege of 1826–1827 581: 529: 34:possibly contains 2961:Temples of Athena 2923: 2922: 2714: 2713: 2696:Kyriakos Pittakis 2571:Odeon of Pericles 2504:Former structures 2409:Extant structures 1880:, 2011, pp.33-34. 1830:Hurwit 1999 p.115 1172:978-1-57607-112-0 946:Peloponnesian War 918:Siphnian Treasury 909:Temple of Artemis 786:sacred olive tree 690:Kyriakos Pittakis 594:Sicilian disaster 590:Peloponnesian War 237: 236: 79: 78: 71: 36:original research 2978: 2901:Related articles 2771:Athena Promachos 2766:Parthenon Frieze 2761:Athena Parthenos 2726:Acropolis Museum 2706:Nikolaos Balanos 2614: 2613: 2601:Parthenon mosque 2498: 2476:Cave Sanctuaries 2395: 2388: 2381: 2372: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2364: 2363: 2362:37.9721; 23.7265 2358: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2346: 2334: 2321: 2310: 2287: 2276: 2265: 2252: 2239: 2222: 2181: 2170: 2168: 2167: 2161: 2154: 2140: 2129: 2118: 2107: 2084: 2064: 2050: 2044: 2041: 2035: 2032: 2026: 2023: 2017: 2016:, restored, 1745 2010: 2004: 1997: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1978: 1972: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1954: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1932: 1929: 1923: 1920: 1914: 1909: 1903: 1898: 1892: 1887: 1881: 1874: 1868: 1865: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1840: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1822: 1819: 1813: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1795: 1780: 1774: 1771: 1765: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1747: 1744: 1738: 1735: 1729: 1726: 1720: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1693: 1690: 1684: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1666: 1663: 1657: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1637: 1613: 1607: 1604: 1598: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1573: 1567: 1564: 1558: 1555: 1549: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1531: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1504: 1501: 1495: 1492: 1486: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1468: 1465: 1459: 1456: 1450: 1443: 1437: 1434: 1428: 1425: 1419: 1416: 1410: 1403: 1397: 1394: 1388: 1387:Hurwit 1999 p.74 1385: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1361: 1351: 1345: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1321: 1314: 1308: 1305: 1299: 1296: 1290: 1283: 1277: 1274: 1268: 1265: 1259: 1253: 1247: 1246: 1234: 1228: 1221: 1215: 1212: 1206: 1199: 1193: 1190: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1179: 1160: 1150: 1130:Nikolaos Balanos 1001: 998: 959:, egg and leaf, 890:Acropolis Museum 814:coffered ceiling 549:adjacent to the 497:Mycenaean period 447: 444: 374: 366: 358: 357: 354: 353: 350: 347: 344: 341: 338: 335: 332: 329: 326: 321: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 299: 296: 280: 279: 276: 275: 272: 269: 266: 263: 260: 257: 254: 251: 216:Greek government 137:Byzantine Period 122:Ancient Temple ( 103: 93: 81: 80: 74: 67: 63: 60: 54: 51:inline citations 27: 26: 19: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2926: 2925: 2924: 2919: 2896: 2860: 2836:Procne and Itys 2821:Mourning Athena 2796:Euthydikos Kore 2749: 2710: 2605: 2521:Older Parthenon 2499: 2490: 2446:Stoa of Eumenes 2404: 2399: 2361: 2359: 2355: 2352: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2104: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2024: 2020: 2011: 2007: 2003:, London, 1682. 1998: 1994: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1930: 1926: 1921: 1917: 1910: 1906: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1884: 1875: 1871: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1852: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1803:Kontoleon 1949. 1802: 1798: 1781: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1723: 1718: 1714: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1651: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1431: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1377: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1352: 1348: 1340: 1336: 1328: 1324: 1315: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1297: 1293: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1254: 1250: 1235: 1231: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1209: 1200: 1196: 1191: 1187: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1151: 1144: 1138: 1090:Richard Pococke 1056: 1014:origins of the 999: 985: 843: 809:engaged columns 745:is curved. The 724:Pentelic marble 698: 586:Peace of Nikias 518:Cyclopean walls 486: 445: 323: 293: 289: 248: 244: 188:Current tenants 152: 146:Frankish Period 143: 134: 94: 91: 75: 64: 58: 55: 40: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2984: 2974: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2904: 2902: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2861: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2843: 2841:Lemnian Athena 2838: 2833: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2757: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2747: 2745:British Museum 2738: 2733: 2728: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2681:Jacques Carrey 2678: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2658: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2617: 2611: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2576:Frankish Tower 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2507: 2505: 2501: 2500: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2488: 2486:Infrastructure 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2398: 2397: 2390: 2383: 2375: 2336: 2335: 2323: 2322: 2312: 2311: 2289: 2288: 2278: 2277: 2267: 2266: 2261:The Erechtheum 2254: 2253: 2241: 2240: 2224: 2223: 2203:10.2307/497279 2197:(2): 175–202. 2183: 2182: 2172: 2171: 2142: 2141: 2131: 2130: 2120: 2119: 2109: 2108: 2102: 2086: 2085: 2081:Antike Plastik 2075: 2073: 2070: 2066: 2065: 2045: 2036: 2027: 2018: 2005: 1992: 1982: 1973: 1964: 1955: 1942: 1933: 1924: 1915: 1904: 1893: 1882: 1869: 1860: 1850: 1841: 1832: 1823: 1814: 1805: 1796: 1790:, students of 1775: 1766: 1757: 1748: 1739: 1730: 1721: 1712: 1703: 1694: 1685: 1676: 1667: 1658: 1649: 1608: 1599: 1590: 1581: 1568: 1559: 1550: 1541: 1532: 1523: 1514: 1505: 1496: 1487: 1478: 1469: 1460: 1458:Herodotus 8.55 1451: 1438: 1429: 1420: 1411: 1409:, Athen, 1906. 1398: 1389: 1380: 1371: 1362: 1346: 1334: 1331:Apollo Patroos 1322: 1309: 1300: 1291: 1278: 1269: 1260: 1248: 1229: 1216: 1207: 1194: 1185: 1171: 1141: 1140: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1075:Ottoman Empire 1055: 1052: 1002:–435 BC. Here 993:Kodros Painter 984: 981: 842: 839: 697: 694: 485: 482: 480:architecture. 235: 234: 230:May have been 228: 224: 223: 219: 218: 213: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 189: 185: 184: 175: 171: 170: 165: 161: 160: 159: 158: 155:Ottoman Period 149: 140: 131: 118: 114: 113: 109: 108: 105: 104: 96: 95: 89: 86: 85: 77: 76: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2983: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2899: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2832: 2831:Persian Rider 2829: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2741:Elgin Marbles 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2667: 2664: 2662: 2659: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2511:Pelasgic wall 2509: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2384: 2382: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2332: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2243: 2242: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2226: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2191: 2185: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2173: 2162:on 2022-12-24 2158: 2151: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2103:9780300081978 2099: 2095: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2077: 2076: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2040: 2031: 2022: 2015: 2009: 2002: 1996: 1986: 1977: 1968: 1959: 1952: 1946: 1937: 1928: 1919: 1913: 1908: 1902: 1897: 1891: 1886: 1879: 1873: 1864: 1854: 1845: 1836: 1827: 1818: 1809: 1800: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1770: 1761: 1752: 1743: 1734: 1725: 1716: 1707: 1698: 1689: 1680: 1671: 1662: 1653: 1645: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1612: 1603: 1594: 1585: 1578: 1572: 1563: 1554: 1545: 1536: 1527: 1518: 1509: 1500: 1491: 1482: 1473: 1464: 1455: 1448: 1442: 1433: 1424: 1415: 1408: 1402: 1396:Odys. 7.79-81 1393: 1384: 1375: 1366: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1343: 1338: 1332: 1326: 1319: 1313: 1304: 1295: 1288: 1282: 1273: 1264: 1258: 1252: 1244: 1240: 1233: 1226: 1220: 1211: 1204: 1198: 1189: 1174: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1149: 1147: 1142: 1133: 1131: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1031: 1028: 1019: 1018: 1013: 1009: 1005: 994: 989: 980: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 961:bead and reel 958: 954: 949: 947: 943: 939: 935: 931: 925: 923: 922:Kore of Lyons 919: 914: 910: 905: 901: 898: 891: 886: 882: 880: 876: 871: 869: 865: 860: 856: 849:North portico 847: 838: 836: 831: 821: 817: 815: 810: 806: 802: 793: 789: 787: 783: 782:Zeus Herkeios 779: 775: 771: 767: 766: 760: 756: 753: 748: 744: 740: 736: 733: 729: 725: 721: 718: 714: 711: 702: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 670:deconsecrated 667: 663: 659: 655: 651: 650:groin vaulted 645: 642: 638: 634: 630: 624: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 577: 573: 571: 567: 563: 559: 556: 552: 548: 547: 542: 541:amphiprostyle 539: 535: 525: 521: 519: 515: 511: 506: 502: 498: 495: 491: 481: 479: 478:Greek Revival 475: 471: 466: 462: 458: 457:Greek temples 453: 451: 439: 433: 431: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 402: 400: 396: 392: 388: 385: 382: 381:ancient Greek 378: 370: 362: 361:Ancient Greek 356: 288: 284: 278: 242: 233: 229: 225: 220: 217: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 183: 179: 176: 172: 169: 166: 162: 156: 150: 147: 141: 138: 132: 129: 125: 124:Ancient Greek 121: 120: 119: 115: 110: 106: 102: 97: 87: 82: 73: 70: 62: 59:December 2023 52: 48: 44: 38: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 2909:Perserschutt 2907: 2816:Moschophoros 2791:Antenor Kore 2621:Themistocles 2516:Hekatompedon 2420: 2338: 2333:. Princeton. 2329: 2320:. Princeton. 2317: 2301:(1): 65–85. 2298: 2294: 2286:. Cambridge. 2283: 2272: 2260: 2247: 2235: 2229: 2194: 2188: 2177: 2164:. Retrieved 2157:the original 2148: 2139:. Cambridge. 2136: 2128:. Cambridge. 2125: 2114: 2092: 2080: 2072:Bibliography 2060: 2056: 2048: 2039: 2030: 2021: 2013: 2008: 2000: 1995: 1985: 1980:Lesk, p.161. 1976: 1967: 1958: 1950: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1918: 1907: 1896: 1885: 1877: 1872: 1863: 1853: 1844: 1839:Lesk, p.107. 1835: 1826: 1817: 1808: 1799: 1778: 1769: 1760: 1751: 1742: 1733: 1728:Pallat, 1935 1724: 1715: 1706: 1701:Rhodes p.134 1697: 1688: 1679: 1670: 1661: 1652: 1625: 1621: 1611: 1602: 1593: 1584: 1576: 1571: 1562: 1553: 1544: 1535: 1526: 1517: 1508: 1499: 1490: 1481: 1472: 1463: 1454: 1446: 1441: 1432: 1423: 1414: 1406: 1401: 1392: 1383: 1374: 1365: 1354: 1349: 1337: 1325: 1317: 1312: 1303: 1294: 1286: 1281: 1272: 1263: 1251: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1224: 1219: 1210: 1197: 1188: 1176:. Retrieved 1156: 1126: 1122: 1114:William Gell 1107: 1101: 1087: 1072: 1066: 1036: 1032: 1027:autochthonic 1023: 1015: 1008:Erechthonios 983:Cult objects 957:egg-and-dart 950: 926: 894: 872: 868:Erichthonios 852: 830:opisthodomos 826: 798: 772:, where the 763: 726:with a blue 707: 696:Architecture 646: 625: 608: 604: 602: 582: 561: 544: 530: 513: 487: 454: 434: 403: 376: 286: 240: 238: 227:Architect(s) 65: 56: 33: 2811:Peplos Kore 2801:Kritios Boy 2691:Ludwig Ross 2641:Callicrates 2546:Arrephorion 2541:Pandroseion 2536:Chalkotheke 2421:Erechtheion 2360: / 1999:G. Wheler, 1858:pp.262-280. 1788:Agorakritos 1773:Lesk, p.127 1719:Lesk, p.121 1665:Lesk p.221. 1628:: 341–362. 1597:Lesk, p.372 1445:M. Korres, 1318:Erechtheion 1255:IG I 474.1 1048:Kallimachos 859:entablature 795:East façade 780:, altar of 774:Pandroseion 686:anastylosis 617:Kallikrates 609:architecton 570:Pandroseion 505:shaft-grave 470:Hellenistic 418:Arrephorion 241:Erechtheion 199:421 BC 2930:Categories 2666:Lord Elgin 2556:Eleusinion 2471:Beulé Gate 2461:Aglaureion 2348:23°43′35″E 2345:37°58′20″N 2264:. Harvard. 2166:2022-12-24 2083:(10): 1–7. 2043:Lesk p.660 2034:Lesk p.603 1848:Lesk p.107 1588:Lesk p.198 1503:Lesk p.65. 1118:Lord Elgin 1067:opus Elgin 1004:Erechtheus 1000: 440 969:guilloches 963:, lesbian 938:kanephoroi 934:arrephoroi 897:monopteral 776:, tomb of 755:tetrastyle 750:prostyle, 741:, but the 728:Eleusinian 572:adjacent. 555:tetrastyle 494:Bronze Age 465:spoliation 446: 421 428:, and the 406:Erechtheus 287:Erechtheum 92:(in Greek) 90:Ἐρέχθειον 84:Erechtheum 43:improve it 2754:Sculpture 2656:Mardonius 2646:Mnesikles 2586:Klepsydra 2481:Peripatos 2426:Propylaia 2416:Parthenon 2238:: 75–137. 2219:193084850 2117:. 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Yale. 1792:Pheidias 1030:temple. 1012:chthonic 973:rosettes 953:palmette 879:Eumolpos 864:quadriga 801:Caryatid 784:and the 752:dipteral 735:isodomic 717:prostyle 654:basilica 637:Visigoth 633:Herulian 568:for the 450:Pericles 410:Poseidon 373:Ερέχθειο 174:Location 2743:at the 2719:Museums 2636:Ictinus 2631:Phidias 1178:24 July 913:Ephesus 778:Kekrops 765:temenos 739:entasis 720:pronaos 658:narthex 621:Iktinos 562:temenos 558:naiskos 484:History 142:Palace 133:Church 130:Period) 41:Please 2936:406 BC 2865:Events 2610:People 2217: 2211:497279 2209: 2100: 1642: 1239:Kernos 1169: 1165:–112. 1098:Revett 1094:Stuart 1083:Wheler 1044:xoanon 1040:peplos 971:, and 930:phiale 900:heroön 805:pteron 732:ashlar 678:Dizdar 619:, and 546:temene 476:, and 424:, the 420:, the 399:Athena 395:Athens 387:temple 379:is an 191:Museum 182:Greece 178:Athens 2915:Moria 2215:S2CID 2207:JSTOR 2160:(PDF) 2153:(PDF) 1990:p.427 1640:S2CID 1136:Notes 1017:polis 904:korai 855:korai 835:cella 710:Ionic 553:or a 474:Roman 438:Homer 384:Ionic 375:) or 369:Greek 212:Owner 168:Ionic 128:Roman 2098:ISBN 1786:and 1180:2012 1167:ISBN 1096:and 1081:and 1079:Spon 965:cyma 759:anta 747:naos 662:apse 566:stoa 508:the 239:The 126:and 117:Type 2303:doi 2299:123 2199:doi 1630:doi 1163:110 911:at 875:Ion 635:or 501:LHI 408:or 285:as 45:by 2932:: 2297:. 2236:50 2234:. 2213:. 2205:. 2195:16 2193:. 1638:. 1626:14 1624:. 1620:. 1243:34 1241:. 1145:^ 997:c. 995:, 967:, 948:. 715:, 623:. 615:, 472:, 452:. 443:c. 401:. 393:, 371:: 367:, 363:: 359:; 346:iː 281:, 180:, 2394:e 2387:t 2380:v 2309:. 2305:: 2221:. 2201:: 2169:. 2106:. 1646:. 1632:: 1205:. 1182:. 1020:. 355:/ 352:m 349:ə 343:θ 340:ˈ 337:k 334:ɪ 331:r 328:ɛ 325:ˌ 322:, 319:m 316:ə 313:i 310:θ 307:k 304:ɛ 301:r 298:ˈ 295:ɪ 292:/ 277:/ 274:n 271:ə 268:i 265:θ 262:k 259:ɛ 256:r 253:ˈ 250:ɪ 247:/ 243:( 157:) 153:( 148:) 144:( 139:) 135:( 72:) 66:( 61:) 57:( 39:.

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