513:
162:
31:
341:
432:
269:. More recently, JMC exercises took place three times a year, in spring, summer and winter. In 2006 the exercise was re-branded as Neptune Warrior and in 2007 was reduced to two events per year. In 2008 the Joint Warrior name was introduced to reflect the increasing involvement of all three military branches. Each exercise is identified by the last two digits of the year it takes place and a number 1 or 2 depending on whether it is the first or second exercise of the year. For example, JMC 98/1 was the first Joint Maritime Course of 1998 and JW 15/2 was the second Joint Warrior exercise of 2015.
394:
The Joint
Warrior exercises use a common core scenario which is based upon the fragmentation of the fictional ‘Ryanian Empire’ into four nations in the late 1960s, and the intervening period of history up to the present day. A bespoke scenario is then re-written for each Joint Warrior by the JTEPS
464:
takes place within remote areas. Prior to jamming taking place, consultation is undertaken with aviation and maritime communities to ensure disruption to civilians is minimised. Aerial and amphibious landings carried out by marines, typically occur at
625:
Since the transfer of RAF Kinloss to the
British Army in 2012, RAF Lossiemouth, also in Morayshire, is now the primary airfield used as a base by foreign air-arms. The airfield hosts maritime patrol aircraft, with previous exercises having included
878:
and concerned wildlife tour operators. As result, a code of conduct for naval operators was developed and areas where known cetacean activity is taking place are avoided during the exercises. However concerns continue to exist and the
1205:
411:, where a freedom to manoeuvre in both deep and shallow water, a limited civilian population and low air and sea traffic provides ideal training conditions. The close proximity of air and sea weapons ranges such as
535:
Each day of the exercise can see more than 100 sorties flown from various bases in
Scotland and around the UK. Regular participants which operate from their home airfields within the UK include,
520:
Around 75 aircraft participate in each exercise, representing a wide variety of air power capabilities including fast jets, Intelligence
Surveillance Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance (
1680:
521:
1575:
403:
Although Joint
Warrior can utilise the whole of the UK including the surrounding seas and airspace, activity is generally focused off the north and north west of Scotland,
1700:
1175:
445:
A range of naval operations take place during Joint
Warrior, including maritime task force deployment; mine countermeasures; counter-piracy, drugs and insurgency;
1213:
245:. Joint Warrior also provides a package of training to each participating unit which concentrates on its specialist role, but set within a larger war scenario.
457:, logistics and support training and air-land integration and air maritime integration. In order to replicate real-world operations as closely as possible,
512:
870:
in West
Scotland, particularly during the 1998 series of JMCs, led to the formation of a joint discussion forum consisting of the Ministry of Defence,
241:
The exercise aims to provide a multi-threat training environment where participants take part in collective training in preparation for deployment as a
222:
and other allied countries. Up to 50 naval vessels, 75 aircraft and numerous ground-based units participate in a typical exercise. Operations include
1627:
1297:
1149:
1123:
1389:
964:
920:
292:(blue forces) a stable democracy. Since the late 1980s exercises have changed to reflect modern threats and theatres of war such as the
37:
501:
648:
and German and New
Zealand P-3 Orions. A variety of fast jets from foreign nations have also deployed to the airfield, such as French
859:
Concern has been raised by marine conservation charities that military activity associated with Joint
Warrior, especially the use of
1097:
238:
take place on various weapons ranges. Joint
Warrior exercises take place in the spring and autumn and have a duration of two weeks.
846:
After suffering a mechanical failure during JW 14/1, an Army Air Corps Apache helicopter made an emergency landing in a field near
766:, commercial ranges and privately owned land. Aerial assaults take place to recapture airfields and have previously taken place at
1445:
1236:
818:
Live-fire exercises forming part of JW 08/1 was blamed for causing a heath fire which affected 338 acres (137 ha) of land at
375:
The exercise is planned and co-ordinated by the Ministry of Defence Joint Training & Exercise Planning Staff (JTEPS) based in
1312:
1337:
1655:
1071:
990:
661:
301:
1042:
211:
1675:
1183:
684:
679:
in the simulated ship-attack role. Rotary wing aircraft which have operated from the airfield have included Royal Navy
614:
880:
161:
1690:
887:
has been used during 2015 and 2016 exercises to monitor naval activity and any changes in marine-life behaviour.
830:
500:
before and after the exercises. For navies who do not regularly participate in Joint Warrior, a period of formal
340:
1685:
1549:
1313:"VIDEO: A dozen Nato nations and 3,400 personnel descend on RAF Lossiemouth for training - Press and Journal"
875:
775:
901:
604:
571:
214:
and is Europe's largest military exercise and can involve up to 13,000 military personnel, from all three
649:
585:
1497:
1471:
750:
during JW 14/1. Forward arming and refuelling facilities were established to support the helicopters of
516:
British paratroopers from 3 PARA descend following a drop by a C-130J during Exercise Joint Warrior 12/1
1206:"[ARCHIVED CONTENT] UK Government Web Archive – The National Archives - Exercise Joint Warrior"
723:
431:
871:
458:
1600:
1523:
1695:
1397:
896:
747:
692:
688:
581:
Foreign as well at UK aircraft forward-deploy to Scottish airfields and those in northern England.
525:
478:
1364:
763:
608:
568:
544:
751:
698:
The wide variety of aircraft which are deployed to the airfield can result in large numbers of
680:
673:
630:
450:
266:
30:
1670:
837:
743:
304:. Prior to the current core scenario, exercises were based on a civil war which broke out in
711:
592:
454:
358:
215:
166:
8:
833:
808:
641:
536:
529:
474:
344:
1267:
379:. Traditionally Exercise Control (EXCON) was based in the Maritime Operations Centre at
1244:
719:
665:
657:
637:
634:
446:
365:
235:
231:
227:
1291:
1150:"Watch: NATO warships join Norwegian submarine in Aberdeen harbour - Evening Express"
699:
600:
560:
556:
435:
351:
188:
484:
Up to 50 vessels have been known to take part, many of which visit UK ports such as
395:
which includes simulated political and military tensions, resulting in hostilities.
826:
779:
676:
645:
552:
254:
242:
783:
771:
739:
727:
653:
540:
388:
376:
262:
804:
767:
575:
564:
548:
332:, the fictional terrorist group an-Quaich was introduced to exercises in 2003.
192:
173:
46:
1664:
1124:"Warships launch Royal Marines into battle as part of exercise Joint Warrior"
800:
596:
461:
420:
384:
293:
1016:
184:
812:
489:
350:
at the head of a convoy during Exercise Joint Warrior in 2008, followed by
1419:
276:
the exercises focused on the anti-submarine warfare threat and utilised a
1576:"The Possible Impacts of Military Activity on Cetaceans in West Scotland"
938:
715:
408:
281:
223:
42:
1265:
847:
819:
787:
669:
591:
Land based assets are complemented by ship based helicopters including
497:
412:
380:
258:
664:
during JW 16/2. Lossiemouth has also been home to civilian-registered
253:
The Joint Maritime Course (JMC) series of exercises started after the
404:
308:
in 1972, with the country then splitting into five smaller nations (
493:
485:
470:
466:
416:
383:, but since 2022 EXCON has moved to different locations, including
329:
297:
273:
196:
722:. The airfield has also hosted fast jets such as French Air Force
481:
which aim to get as close to shore as possible without detection.
867:
1212:. Royal Navy / National Archives. 10 April 2014. Archived from
137:
Royal Navy, British Army, Royal Air Force, NATO members, others
1338:"Air, land and sea forces combine for Exercise Joint Warrior"
860:
1681:
Non-combat military operations involving the United Kingdom
627:
277:
219:
153:
991:"International forces take part in Exercise Joint Warrior"
1266:
Journalist 3rd Class Jason Thompson, USN (19 June 2004).
939:"UK deploying 5,250 personnel for Exercise Joint Warrior"
371:
as they transit the Straits of Mull, Northwest Scotland.
1628:"Wildlife research boat surveys Joint Warrior exercise"
1601:"Whale survey boat shadows Nato exercise Joint Warrior"
1550:"Apache helicopter grounded in Aberdeenshire takes off"
288:(red forces) represented a communist dictatorship and
1043:"Joint Warrior exercise off Scotland comes to an end"
702:
visiting Lossiemouth during Joint Warrior exercises.
165:
On the second day of Exercise Joint Warrior in 2020,
1701:Naval education and training in the United Kingdom
843:fired on targets in the sea off northern Scotland.
1446:"40 Commando begin year's largest naval exercise"
1662:
588:in Germany have also been known to participate.
1396:. Royal Air Force. 7 April 2014. Archived from
1072:"Preparations begin for Exercise Joint Warrior"
441:departs HMNB Clyde at Faslane during JMC 05/2.
1420:"Joint Warrior tests Army's ability to react"
1272:e Carrier Strike Group To Join NATO Exercise"
829:in the UK took place during JW 12/1 when two
328:). In order to represent the threat posed by
257:in order to improve co-operation between the
1066:
1064:
931:
607:and those of other participant nations. The
504:is normally required prior to the exercise.
145:Joint Training & Exercise Planning Staff
1296:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1009:
866:A significant decrease in the sightings of
1524:"Hellfire missile gets first firing in UK"
718:in Yorkshire simulate enemy forces in the
210:Joint Warrior is organised by the British
1061:
863:, is adversely affecting marine mammals.
532:(C2) and attack and support helicopters.
1625:
815:to escort the aircraft from UK airspace.
511:
430:
339:
160:
1362:
1090:
1663:
1310:
49:at the beginning of Joint Warrior 16/2
803:Bear aircraft were detected over the
234:, counter-piracy and interstate war.
16:NATO multi-national military exercise
1344:. Ministry of Defence. 16 April 2012
1098:"Royal Navy ready for Joint Warrior"
746:was temporarily re-activated by the
617:took part in JMC 01/2 and JMC 02/4.
1498:"MoD says environment a 'priority'"
1472:"RAF jets intercept Russian planes"
1363:Allison, George (16 October 2015).
1234:
1017:"Fighting the battle of Britannica"
672:which operate alongside Royal Navy
13:
1626:Campbell, Rita (14 October 2016).
1210:webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk
733:
620:
14:
1712:
1649:
881:Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust
811:fighter jets were scrambled from
793:
687:role and United States Air Force
1365:"Luftwaffe over Yorkshire again"
1176:"NAVY Ships Arrive For Exercise"
29:
1619:
1593:
1568:
1542:
1516:
1490:
1464:
1438:
1412:
1382:
1356:
1330:
1304:
1278:. USS Enterprise Public Affairs
1259:
1243:. F4 Publishing. Archived from
1228:
1198:
1173:
1167:
1142:
782:. Other locations used include
459:global positioning system (GPS)
1583:European Research on Cetaceans
1116:
1035:
983:
957:
913:
854:
705:
660:during JW 14/2 and Portuguese
195:, predominately in north west
1:
1311:Hendry, Ben (12 April 2016).
907:
807:monitoring the exercise. RAF
776:Salisbury Plain Training Area
762:Ground training utilises the
662:General Dynamics F-16 Falcons
398:
248:
199:. It is the successor of the
902:Military history of Scotland
799:During NW 07/1, two Russian
7:
890:
584:NATO E-3A Sentrys based at
335:
121:JW 22-2 (1–14 October 2022)
10:
1717:
1676:British military exercises
1656:Royal Navy - Joint Warrior
748:RAF's Tactical Supply Wing
689:Sikorsky HH-60G Pave Hawks
872:Scottish Natural Heritage
757:
243:Combined Joint Task Force
191:which takes place in the
149:
141:
133:
129:JW 23-1 (3-16 March 2023)
125:
117:
102:
94:
86:
78:
70:
62:
54:
28:
23:
965:"Exercise Joint Warrior"
921:"Exercise Joint Warrior"
897:Armed forces in Scotland
827:AGM-114 Hellfire missile
693:combat search and rescue
656:during NW 07/2, Swedish
526:Maritime patrol aircraft
502:Operational Sea Training
479:amphibious assault ships
426:
38:Almirante Juan de Borbón
1691:NATO military exercises
1634:. Aberdeen Journals Ltd
825:The first firing of an
764:Defence Training Estate
569:United States Air Force
1390:"Air Assault Training"
752:16 Air Assault Brigade
685:airborne early warning
650:Dassault Mirage 2000Ns
586:Geilenkirchen air base
517:
507:
473:and are launched from
442:
372:
267:anti-submarine warfare
181:Exercise Joint Warrior
177:
24:Exercise Joint Warrior
1241:www.airsceneuk.org.uk
997:. Ministry of Defence
744:Dumfries and Galloway
726:and German Air Force
710:BAE Systems Hawks of
644:, French and Italian
515:
434:
343:
205:Joint Maritime Course
164:
1686:British Armed Forces
1528:news.bbc.co.uk/news/
1450:www.royalnavy.gov.uk
1237:"Getting the Big 'E"
1128:www.royalnavy.mod.uk
969:www.royalnavy.mod.uk
772:West Freugh airfield
700:aviation enthusiasts
615:carrier battle group
498:Faslane (HMNB Clyde)
455:anti-surface warfare
423:is also beneficial.
216:British Armed Forces
172:heads west down the
1554:news.bbc.co.uk/news
724:Dassault Alpha Jets
666:Dassault Falcon 20s
530:Command and Control
475:helicopter carriers
236:Live-fire exercises
228:amphibious landings
212:Ministry of Defence
1400:on 8 November 2016
1369:UK Defence Journal
681:Westland Sea Kings
635:United States Navy
518:
447:electronic warfare
443:
387:and Bodin Lair in
373:
232:counter-insurgency
178:
1632:Press and Journal
1317:Press and Journal
1186:on 7 October 2015
1174:Now, Inverclyde.
677:BAE Systems Hawks
224:airborne assaults
189:military exercise
159:
158:
66:Military exercise
1708:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1623:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1607:. 7 October 2015
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1591:
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1580:
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1514:
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1509:
1494:
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1468:
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1410:
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1407:
1405:
1386:
1380:
1379:
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1375:
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1351:
1349:
1334:
1328:
1327:
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1302:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1216:on 10 April 2014
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1182:. Archived from
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1102:royalnavy.mod.uk
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1076:royalnavy.mod.uk
1068:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1047:royalnavy.mod.uk
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
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1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
987:
981:
980:
978:
976:
961:
955:
954:
952:
950:
935:
929:
928:
917:
874:, environmental
850:, Aberdeenshire.
780:Kinloss Barracks
738:The airfield at
728:Panavia Tornados
712:No. 100 Squadron
654:Dassault Rafales
553:RAF Brize Norton
255:Second World War
230:and training in
113:
111:
35:Spanish frigate
33:
21:
20:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1705:
1696:Royal Air Force
1661:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1429:
1427:
1424:www.army.mod.uk
1418:
1417:
1413:
1403:
1401:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1309:
1305:
1289:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1248:
1247:on 8 April 2017
1235:Cayless, John.
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1154:Evening Express
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
989:
988:
984:
974:
972:
963:
962:
958:
948:
946:
937:
936:
932:
919:
918:
914:
910:
893:
857:
796:
784:Edingham Castle
760:
740:MOD West Freugh
736:
734:MOD West Freugh
708:
670:Cobham Aviation
623:
621:RAF Lossiemouth
541:RAF Lossiemouth
510:
429:
401:
389:Northern Norway
377:HMNB Portsmouth
338:
272:Throughout the
263:Royal Air Force
251:
201:Neptune Warrior
187:multi-national
109:
107:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1650:External links
1648:
1646:
1645:
1618:
1592:
1567:
1541:
1515:
1502:news.bbc.co.uk
1489:
1476:news.bbc.co.uk
1463:
1437:
1426:. British Army
1411:
1394:www.raf.mod.uk
1381:
1355:
1329:
1303:
1258:
1227:
1197:
1180:Inverclyde Now
1166:
1141:
1115:
1089:
1060:
1034:
1021:news.bbc.co.uk
1008:
982:
956:
943:bbc.co.uk/news
930:
911:
909:
906:
905:
904:
899:
892:
889:
856:
853:
852:
851:
844:
831:Army Air Corps
823:
816:
805:Outer Hebrides
795:
794:Notable events
792:
768:Castle Kennedy
759:
756:
735:
732:
720:aggressor role
707:
704:
631:CP-140 Auroras
622:
619:
576:RAF Lakenheath
565:RAF Waddington
545:C-130 Hercules
509:
506:
451:anti-submarine
428:
425:
400:
397:
337:
334:
250:
247:
203:exercises and
193:United Kingdom
174:Firth of Clyde
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
118:Previous event
115:
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104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
90:United Kingdom
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
47:Erskine Bridge
45:, passing the
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1713:
1702:
1699:
1697:
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1679:
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1629:
1622:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1588:
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1577:
1571:
1555:
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1529:
1525:
1519:
1503:
1499:
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1473:
1467:
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1415:
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1242:
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1215:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1185:
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1177:
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1151:
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1129:
1125:
1119:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1077:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1022:
1018:
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996:
992:
986:
970:
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845:
842:
841:
835:
832:
828:
824:
821:
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814:
810:
806:
802:
801:Tupolev Tu-95
798:
797:
791:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
703:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:P-8 Poseidons
639:
636:
632:
629:
618:
616:
613:
612:
606:
602:
598:
594:
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582:
579:
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531:
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448:
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438:Arleigh Burke
433:
424:
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418:
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410:
406:
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392:
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386:
385:RAF St Mawgan
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706:RAF Leeming
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572:F-15 Eagles
409:Moray Firth
302:Afghanistan
282:Warsaw Pact
183:is a major
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1638:25 October
1611:25 October
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1530:. BBC News
1504:. BBC News
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1404:27 October
1374:7 November
1348:7 November
1342:www.gov.uk
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1220:25 October
1190:25 October
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820:Cape Wrath
809:Tornado F3
788:Dalbeattie
770:airfield,
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891:See also
885:Silurian
601:Sea King
549:Voyagers
537:Typhoons
528:(MPA),
494:Greenock
486:Aberdeen
471:Galloway
467:Luce Bay
368:Somerset
336:Planning
330:al-Qaeda
274:Cold War
197:Scotland
185:biannual
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975:7 April
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883:vessel
834:Apaches
786:, near
683:in the
605:Wildcat
462:jamming
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318:Cyanica
310:Brownia
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290:Cyanica
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