363:
37:
289:
311:). This government consisted of three parties: representatives of the ROC central government; representatives of the Three Districts of northern Xinjiang, i.e. the former leadership of the ETR; and representatives of the Seven Districts of southern Xinjiang. Of the 25 members of the coalition government's committee, seven were from the ROC central government, eight from the Three Districts, and ten from the Seven Districts. The communist revolutionary
304:. This ended overt Soviet support for the ETR. The ROC central government reached a negotiated settlement with the leaders of the ETR on 27 June 1946. The Interim Government of the ETR passed Resolution 324 the same day, transforming itself into the "Ili District Council" and dissolving the ETR. The new council was not a government, and would be subordinate to a future coalition government, along with the Seven Districts of southern Xinjiang.
603:, p. 275: "Ahmatjan Kasimi and other representatives of the Ili, Tarbagatay, and Altay districts who opposed Sabri's succession as provincial governor left Urumqi in August 1947 and returned to Ghulja to form their own political organization known as the 'Three Districts Economic Commission,' which sought to autonomously govern the Three Districts region; this marked the collapse of the Xinjiang Province Coalition Government."
208:(ETR). The dissolution of the ETR coincided with the establishment of the coalition government; however, the interests of the ETR's former leaders were retained through the subordinate Ili District Council. The coalition government collapsed after the withdrawal of the former ETR side, which opposed the appointment of
248:
by 1934. However, he was dismissed in 1944 after Soviet officials notified their
Chinese counterparts of Sheng's plot to surrender Xinjiang to the Soviet Union in exchange for a top position in the Soviet government. The new ROC government sent to replace Sheng was in disarray, and Turkic political
409:
in July 1947. On 12 August 1947, Qasim left Dihua and returned to Ghulja. Soon afterwards, all of the other representatives from the Three
Districts side also returned to Ghulja. The Three Districts leadership subsequently established the "Three Districts Economic Commission" to govern the region
342:
However, the disagreements between the three sides deepened as the domestic and international situations changed, and by 1947 the coalition government was on the verge of collapse. The ROC was actively supporting local warlords who were opposed to the leadership of the Three
Districts, such as
339:, formerly the East Turkestan National Army). However, all three sides were nonetheless invested in the success of the coalition government. Of primary issue was the future reunification of Xinjiang's economy, finances, military, postal services, and transport.
268:. The Interim Government of the ETR was formed, which consisted of Turkic intellectuals of various ideologies and political goals. The leadership was dominated by religious conservatives, who viewed the rebellion as a
706:
Perkins, E. Ralph, ed. (1947). "Unsuccessful attempts to resolve political problems in
Sinkiang; extent of Soviet aid and encouragement to rebel groups in Sinkiang; border incident at Peitashan".
397:
as one of his preconditions for visiting
Nanjing. Qasim's position was supported by the Three Districts side but opposed by the Seven Districts side. Sabri was close to conservatives in the
347:, who broke with the Three Districts' leaders when their pro-Soviet orientation became clear. Many ROC-appointed Uyghur representatives also opposed the Three Districts side, such as
393:, as Zhang's replacement. However, Zhang recommend Sabri, and the position was given to Sabri instead on 21 May 1947. Qasim strongly opposed Sabri's appointment and demanded Sabri's
236:
governed as a province divided into ten districts. In actuality, however, control of
Xinjiang was split between various warlords, most of whom were regional commanders of the ROC's
89:
264:
The ETR was proclaimed on 12 November 1944, following successful uprisings in the Three
Districts which began on 7 November. The uprisings came to be known collectively as the
665:
300:
In August 1945, China signed a Treaty of
Friendship and Alliance which granted the Soviet Union a range of concessions that the United States promised at the
715:. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1947. Vol. VII. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. pp. 546–587. Documents 450–495.
326:(as Chairman of the Coalition Government of Xinjiang), who implemented pro-minority policies which favoured the Turkic population of the Three Districts.
638:
405:(Chinese Nationalists) and undid all of Zhang's pro-minority reforms, which set off revolts and riots among the Uyghurs in oases such as
791:
781:
276:
which had been founded exactly eleven years earlier. Soviet-educated progressives within the leadership viewed the rebellion as an
776:
756:
731:
696:
659:
193:
94:
329:
Little changed in the Three
Districts after the establishment of the coalition government. The Three Districts remained a
707:
150:
786:
627:
359:, the three of whom accompanied Zhang during his return trip to Xinjiang to begin negotiations with the ETR in 1945.
201:
42:
362:
250:
385:
Zhang, unable to remedy the situation, resigned from his post and fled from
Xinjiang in 1947. The ROC considered
796:
293:
205:
175:
46:
801:
273:
336:
36:
269:
237:
307:
On 1 July 1946, the Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province was established in Dihua (present-day
640:
A Nearly Perfect Storm: The Rise and Fall of the Eastern Turkistan People's Revolutionary Party
394:
410:
independently from the rest of Xinjiang, marking the collapse of the coalition government.
348:
261: – seized the opportunity to secede, with the encouragement of the Soviets.
8:
352:
752:
727:
692:
655:
623:
370:
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651:
Soviet Policy in Xinjiang: Stalin and the National Movement in Eastern Turkistan
366:
323:
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726:. Translated by Fletcher, Carissa. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press.
770:
265:
288:
245:
197:
386:
356:
344:
319:
315:, who led the Ili District Council, became the provincial vice chairman.
308:
216:
conservative, as the provincial chairman. Despite himself being a Turkic
209:
126:
50:
402:
390:
249:
leaders in the "Three Districts" of northern Xinjiang –
244:
eventually centered the region's governance around the Chinese warlord
213:
398:
335:
independent, pro-Soviet area with its own currency and military (the
322:(as Chairman of the Government of Xinjiang Province) was replaced by
220:, Sabri undid the pro-Turkic reforms implemented by his predecessor
331:
572:
570:
378:
254:
241:
217:
154:
751:] (in Chinese). Publishing House of Minority Nationalities.
567:
406:
296:, encompassing the three districts of Ili, Tarbagatay and Altay
183:
232:
During the Republican Era in China (1912–1949), Xinjiang was
538:
536:
582:
533:
749:
Revolutionary History of the Three Districts of Xinjiang
723:
The East Turkestan Independence Movement, 1930s to 1940s
691:] (in Chinese). Xinjiang People's Publishing House.
557:
555:
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551:
499:
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Xinjiang and China's Rise in Central Asia – A History
548:
468:
466:
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689:
The History and Current Situation of Xinjiang, China
490:
437:
509:
478:
461:
768:
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25:
622:. Abingdon-on-Thames: Taylor & Francis.
196:from 1946 to 1947. It was formed after a
172:Coalition Government of Xinjiang Province
361:
287:
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647:
588:
576:
542:
443:
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16:1946–1947 government of Xinjiang, China
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389:, the Defence Minister of China and a
200:-brokered peace agreement between the
668:from the original on 29 December 2023
636:
484:
472:
719:
600:
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192:) was the governing body of China's
318:The unpopular governor of Xinjiang
151:Government of the Republic of China
13:
740:
680:
648:Hasanli, Jamil (3 December 2020).
643:(PhD thesis) – via ProQuest.
561:
527:
503:
14:
813:
240:. The ROC central government in
35:
782:1947 disestablishments in China
637:Evans, Michael P. (July 2017).
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294:Second East Turkestan Republic
206:Second East Turkestan Republic
188:
179:
26:
1:
413:
274:First East Turkestan Republic
227:
189:Xīnjiāng Shěng Liánhé Zhèngfǔ
792:China–Soviet Union relations
777:1946 establishments in China
654:. Rowman & Littlefield.
418:
280:revolution against the ROC.
7:
618:Clarke, Michael E. (2011).
238:National Revolutionary Army
10:
818:
720:Wang, Ke (15 March 2020).
610:
292:Territorial extent of the
283:
270:war of national liberation
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136:
113:
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100:
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73:
58:
34:
787:20th century in Xinjiang
743:
683:
579:, pp. 554, 556–557.
204:(ROC) and the breakaway
77:12 August 1947
681:Li, Sheng, ed. (2003).
47:East Turkestan Republic
41:Representatives of the
741:Xu, Yuqi, ed. (1998).
382:
297:
49:in Dihua (present-day
797:Coalition governments
365:
291:
62:1 July 1946
802:Politics of Xinjiang
591:, pp. 557, 580.
349:Muhammad Amin Bughra
22:of Xinjiang Province
20:Coalition Government
709:The Far East: China
564:, pp. 171–174.
545:, pp. 548–549.
506:, pp. 204–206.
381:on 22 November 1946
31:
383:
353:Isa Yusuf Alptekin
298:
19:
758:978-7-105-03219-8
733:978-962-996-769-7
698:978-7-228-08237-7
661:978-1-7936-4127-4
458:, pp. 36–37.
337:Ili National Army
202:Republic of China
194:Xinjiang Province
168:
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104:Republic of China
95:Xinjiang Province
43:Republic of China
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302:Yalta Conference
278:anti-imperialist
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272:to restore the
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530:, p. 132.
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518:, p. 251.
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434:, p. 123.
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367:Ehmetjan Qasim
324:Zhang Zhizhong
313:Ehmetjan Qasim
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222:Zhang Zhizhong
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164:Dihua (Ürümqi)
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141:Ehmetjan Qasim
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121:Zhang Zhizhong
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137:Vice Chairman
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670:. Retrieved
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444:Hasanli 2020
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432:Hasanli 2020
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246:Sheng Shicai
233:
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187:
171:
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161:Headquarters
147:Appointed by
672:30 December
456:Clarke 2011
387:Bai Chongxi
357:Masud Sabri
345:Osman Batur
320:Wu Zhongxin
210:Masud Sabri
127:Masud Sabri
123:(1946–1947)
771:Categories
485:Evans 2017
473:Evans 2017
414:References
403:Kuomintang
391:Hui Muslim
255:Tarbagatay
228:Background
214:Kuomintang
81:1947-08-12
74:Extinction
66:1946-07-01
684:中国新疆历史与现状
601:Wang 2020
516:Wang 2020
419:Citations
399:CC Clique
395:dismissal
59:Formation
666:Archived
332:de facto
212:, a pro-
114:Chairman
90:Province
744:新疆三区革命史
611:Sources
562:Xu 1998
528:Xu 1998
504:Li 2003
401:of the
379:Nanjing
284:History
242:Nanjing
234:de jure
180:新疆省聯合政府
176:Chinese
155:Nanjing
101:Country
79: (
64: (
27:新疆省聯合政府
755:
730:
695:
658:
626:
407:Turfan
355:, and
309:Ürümqi
257:, and
218:Uyghur
198:Soviet
186::
184:pinyin
178::
129:(1947)
51:Ürümqi
747:[
713:(PDF)
687:[
373:with
259:Altay
753:ISBN
728:ISBN
693:ISBN
674:2023
656:ISBN
624:ISBN
369:and
170:The
45:and
377:in
251:Ili
153:in
773::
664:.
569:^
550:^
535:^
492:^
463:^
351:,
253:,
224:.
182:;
761:.
736:.
701:.
676:.
632:.
174:(
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53:)
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