Syrian revolution - Knowledge

4501: 4422: 5270: 4781:. Angry protesters set fire to a building where security forces had fired on during a funeral demonstration. Eight security officers died in the fire as demonstrators took control of a police station, seizing weapons. Clashes between protesters and security forces continued in the following days. Some security officers defected after secret police and intelligence agents executed soldiers who refused to kill the civilians. On 6 June, Sunni militiamen and army defectors ambushed a group of security forces heading to the city which was met by a large government counterattack. Fearing a massacre, insurgents and defectors, along with 10,000 residents, fled across the Turkish border. 5203: 63: 5897:

tools on which it could best rely: Alawite-heavy special forces and regime protection units from the army; Alawite-heavy armed units from the various regime intelligence services; and mainly Alawite auxiliaries loosely formed into militias. The tactics of choice were artillery and air bombardments of residential areas, incarceration and torture, and numerous massacres...shift from peaceful protest toward armed resistance occurred gradually throughout the first year and a half of the uprising.. as the regime employed ever greater levels of force to suppress an initially peaceful uprising, the opposition responded in kind.

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have inevitably borne the overwhelming brunt of this abuse..This period has witnessed.. the rise to power of an Alawite-dominated regime whose forty-year reign preached secularism only to deepen sectarian fault-lines when challenged, laying the groundwork for a civil war that has torn Syria's complex ethno-religious tapestry... the 1963 coup was accompanied by a dramatic surge of Alawite power in the military leadership. This trend of Alawite consolidation was accelerated by systematic discrimination against Sunnis among the Ba'ath's military adherents, as Alawites sought to further enhance their control.

4104: 4920: 332: 5345: 4434: 4857: 4589: 4808:, killing hundreds of civilians. The people of the city attempted to stave off the invasion by forming human shields. When Ba'athist commanding officers issued orders to shoot at the demonstrators, hundreds of soldiers refused to obey and defected from the military. As the Syrian military lost control of the situation, Assad government sent helicopters to fire at the defecting soldiers and the crowds of demonstrators. The assault on the city lasted until 12 June 2011. 4950:

street vendors participated in the movement daily. These protests started as 200 participants but it culminated as killings and beating was reported into tens of thousands. As rioting and looting was held, protesters were killed by security forces and in clashes between police and rioters, live ammunition and plastic bullets were fired. During the demonstrations on 18–19 November, 4–18 protesters were killed as they tried to March into Damascus and the residence of

4714: 5359: 4198: 13418: 5140: 5285:(GCC) grouping denounced "mounting violence and the excessive use of force which resulted in killing and wounding large numbers" and "express sorrow for the continuous bloodshed". On 12 November, the Arab League announced that it would suspend Syria from the organization if Bashar's government did not stop violence against protestors by 16 November, and invited Syria's opposition parties to join talks in the League's headquarters in Cairo. Syria, 279: 4465:, and closed the country's only casino. The government also granted citizenship to thousands of Syrian Kurds previously labeled "foreigners". Following Bahrain's example, the Syrian government held a two-day national dialogue in July, in attempt to alleviate the crisis. However, the representatives that held the dialogue were mostly Ba'ath party members; in addition to Assad loyalist figures and leaders of pro-regime 4380:. Arrests focused on two groups: political activists, and men and boys from the towns that the Syrian Army would start to besiege in April. Many of those detained experienced ill-treatment. Many detainees were cramped in tight rooms and were given limited resources, and some were beaten, electrically jolted, or debilitated. At least 27 torture centers run by Syrian intelligence agencies were revealed by 4819:", launched by Syrian military forces in towns, cities and villages across the country resulted in the killings of at least 142 people and hundreds of injuries. At least 95 civilians were slaughtered in the city of Hama, after Ba'athist military forces shot at crowds of residents and bombed the streets of the city with tanks and heavy weaponry. Some besieged cities and towns fell into 5125:, etc.; resembling the popularity and mass-participation during the Syrian revolution in 2011. Protestors in regime-held areas waved revolutionary banners, chanted anti-government slogans and demanded the downfall of Ba'athist regime. By the end of August 2023, the nation-wide protests had resembled the revolutionary mass-demonstrations in early 2011. 4594: 4591: 4590: 4540:. Mosques used as headquarters for demonstrators and organizers were especially targeted. Security forces began shutting off water, power and phone lines, and confiscating flour and food. Clashes between the army and opposition forces, which included armed protesters and defected soldiers, led to the death of hundreds. 4716: 4721: 4719: 4715: 4720: 4593: 5048:. During the second emergency session on 18 August, several member states of the Human Rights Council demanded the resignation of Assad, while other countries called on Syrian government to immediately cease all its crackdown efforts and initiate dialogue for a political solution with the protestors. 4337:

Even before the uprising began, the Syrian government had made numerous arrests of political dissidents and human rights campaigners, many of whom were understood as terrorists by the Assad government. In early February 2011, authorities arrested several activists, including political leaders Ghassan

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mosque in Daraa, killing five more civilians. Victims included a doctor who was treating the wounded. Anger at the incident arose exponentially in the province and across the country. The regime attempted to simmer down the protests by announcing tax-cuts and pay rises the next day. On 25 March, tens

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Alawites, in the service of a family-based regime trying desperately to save itself, have played a central role in violations of human rights and international law that include indiscriminate artillery and aerial bombardments of villages, summary executions, and massacres of civilians. Sunni Arabs..

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newspaper reported in mid-September that the United States and Turkey (both of whom had condemned regime violence against peaceful protesters in Syria) were working together to prepare for a post-Assad Syria. A November 2011 poll by the Arab American Institute revealed that the overwhelming majority

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outlets and arresting reporters who try to cover protests. Some journalists had been reported to have gone missing, been detained, been tortured in custody, or been killed on duty. International media have relied heavily on footage shot by civilians, who would often upload the files on the internet.

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was endemic in the public and private sectors. The pervasive nature of corruption had been a source of controversy within the Ba'ath party circles as well as the wider public; as early as the 1980s. The persistence of corruption, sectarian bias, nepotism and widespread bribery that existed in party,

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Mass protests, rallies, demonstrations and riots continued throughout October and it was met with violent repression. In October 2011, 4 days of anti-government demonstrations led to beatings and fighting nationwide. Students, workers, employees, retirees, peasants, farmers, university students and

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newspaper described Syrian government as "the worst offender among Arab states", that engaged in imposing travel bans and restricted free movement of people. More than 400 individuals in Syria were reportedly restricted by Assad regime's travel bans in 2010. During this period, the Assad government

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This grave situation has been brought about by a regime that elected to respond to peaceful protests against police brutality with deadly force...Over time, regime tactics have transformed a peaceful uprising into armed resistance. In trying to crush that resistance the regime has opted to use the

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operating off the coast of Syria to monitor the ongoing Syrian uprising, with an unnamed Western diplomat in the region noting: "It is probably routine movement. But it is going to put psychological pressure on the regime, and the Americans don’t mind that." On 25 November 2011; Russia, China and

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As the Syrian insurgency progressed in October–December 2011, protests against the government simultaneously strengthened across northern, southern and western Syria. The uprisings were crushed by massive crackdowns, resulting in tens of thousands of deaths and hundreds of thousands of casualties,

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During March and April, the Syrian government, hoping to alleviate the protests, offered political reforms and policy changes. Authorities shortened mandatory army conscription, and in an apparent attempt to reduce corruption, fired the governor of Daraa. The government announced it would release

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A popular demand from protesters was an end of the nation's state of emergency, which had been in effect for nearly 50 years. The emergency law had been used to justify arbitrary arrests and detention, and to ban political opposition. After weeks of debate, Assad signed the decree on 21 April,

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with 99.82% of the declared votes, Bashar al-Assad implemented numerous measures that further intensified political and cultural repression in Syria. Assad government expanded travel bans against numerous dissidents, intellectuals, authors and artists living in Syria; preventing them and their

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The uprising has proven to be the boldest challenge to the Assad family's 40-year dynasty in Syria. inherited power in 2000, raising hopes that might transform his late father's stagnant and brutal dictatorship into a modern state... Now, as his regime escalates a brutal crackdown, it seems

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During the first six months of the uprising, the inhabitants of Syria's two largest cities, Damascus and Aleppo, remained largely uninvolved in the anti-government protests. The two cities' central squares have seen rallies of thousands of pro-Assad protestors marching in support of the Assad

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In his public address delivered on 30 March, Assad condemned the protests as a "foreign plot" and described those who were killed by the firing as a "sacrifice for national stability", sparking widespread outcry. A protestor who was the relative of one of the detained boys told reporters:

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As the uprisings intensified, the Syrian government waged a campaign of arrests that captured tens of thousands of people. In response to the uprising, Syrian law had been changed to allow the police and any of the nation's 18 security forces to detain a suspect for eight days without a

4718: 5257:, issued a statement which said that the European Union "strongly condemns the violent repression, including through the use of live ammunition, of peaceful protests in various locations across Syria". Ashton reiterated the EU's condemnation on 31 July after Assad government's 4238:" on 18 March, when large-scale protests broke out in several cities, including Banias, Damascus, al-Hasakah, Daraa, Deir az-Zor, and Hama. Police responded to the protests with tear gas, water cannons, and beatings. At least 6 people were killed and many others injured. 5063:

across the country to defend themselves from the attacks of Ba'athist security apparatus. As the armed resistance began establishing control over vast swathes of regions across Syria throughout 2012, UN officially described the conflict as a "civil war" on 12 June 2012.

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ongoing at that time, wrote that "Syria is now on the map of countries in the region with an uprising". On 15 March, dubbed a "Day of Rage" by numerous demonstrators, pro-democracy activists and online opposition groups, hundreds of protestors marched in the cities of

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massacred a rally of peaceful demonstrators by firing without warning, killing 30 and injuring about 200. The injured were denied entry to hospitals for treatment. By 24 May, the names of 1,062 people killed in the uprising since mid-March had been documented by the

5241:(SAA) soldiers were ordered by the Assad government to shoot protesters during demonstrations, as well as take part in arbitrary detentions. The group cited SAA defectors who stated that if they did not obey orders, they would have been shot by Assad loyalists. The 4958:. Workers demanded their wages to be paid. Stones and rocks were thrown at pictures of Bashar al-Assad on billboards. During protests in Aleppo in May 2012, police fired tear gas and used gunfire, striking retirees. During demonstrations by farmers and workers in 4792:

were besieged in early June. On 30 June, large protests erupted against the Assad government in Aleppo, Syria's largest city. On 3 July, Syrian tanks were deployed to Hama, two days after the city witnessed the largest demonstration against Bashar al-Assad.

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Assad government's cyberforces disabled mobile phones, landlines, electricity, and the Internet in several places. Authorities had extracted passwords of social media sites from journalists through beatings and torture. A pro-Assad hacker group called the

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headquarters and other public buildings. Security forces quickly responded, firing live ammunition at crowds, and attacking the focal points of the demonstrations. The two-day assault resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and fifteen protesters.

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Technical facilities (internet, telephone etc.) were being sabotaged by the Syrian government. Both sides in this conflict tried to discredit their opponent by framing or referring to them with negative labels and terms, or by presenting false evidence.

4123:, commonly called the "Cradle of the Syrian Revolution", protests had been triggered on 6 March by the incarceration and torture of 15 young students from prominent families who were arrested for writing anti-government graffiti in the city, reading: " 4500: 4233:

Meanwhile, minor protests occurred elsewhere in the country. Protesters demanded the release of political prisoners, the abolition of Syria's 48-year emergency law, more freedoms, and an end to pervasive government corruption. The events led to a

4530:, were also deployed by Assad regime in towns and cities across the country to unleash violence against Syrian civilians. They engaged in looting homes, businesses, and economic assets of populations targeted by the Ba'athist military apparatus. 4161:

began as largely peaceful affairs, with demonstrators often carrying olive branches, unbuttoning their shirts to show that they had no weapons, and chanting “peaceful, peaceful” to indicate that they posed no threat to the security forces. The

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at waterfront districts in Latakia, as ground troops and security agents backed by armor stormed several neighborhoods. On 23 August, Syrian opposition factions and various dissidents formed a coalition of anti-Assad groups known as the

6421:"We are extremely alarmed by ongoing reports of the increasingly brutal crackdown by Syrian authorities against protestors in Syria," said Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). 5701: 4609:

During the crackdown in Daraa, the Syrian Army also besieged and blockaded several towns around Damascus. Throughout May, situations similar to those that occurred in Daraa were reported in other besieged towns and cities, such as

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death squads to attack the protestors. Protests and revolutionary activities by students and the youth continued despite aggressive suppression. As opposition militias began capturing vast swathes of territory throughout 2012, the

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is response to Ba'athist regime's brutal crackdown, in 29 April and 18 August 2011, respectively. An investigative mission appointed by the UN found the Assad regime responsible for mass-killings, assassinations, abductions,

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Despite al-Assad's attempts to crush the protests with crackdowns, censorship and concessions, the mass protests had become a full-blown revolution by the end of April. The Ba'athist government deployed its ground troops and

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More than a decade ago, as protests erupted across the Middle East in a series of democratic uprisings that became known as the Arab Spring, was the first place in Syria to cast off the shackles of 40 years of Ba'athist

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Throughout April, Ba'athist security forces intensified its campaign of large-scale detainment and torture of Syrian protestors, journalists and activists across state prisons. On April 29, a 13-year-old boy named

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had frequently hacked websites to post Ba'athist propaganda, and the Assad government has been implicated in malware attacks targeted at those reporting on the crisis. Assad government also targeted and tortured

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On 4 February 2012, more than 150 protestors gathered outside Syrian embassy in UK in London at 2am., after reports emerged that more than 200 people had been massacred by Assad government forces in the city of

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On 25 March, mass protests spread nationwide, as demonstrators emerged after Friday prayers. At least 20 protesters were killed by security forces. Protests subsequently spread to other Syrian cities, including

2863: 9785: 4717: 4407:. Blockades were set up in several cities to prevent the movement of protests. Despite the crackdown, widespread protests continued throughout the month in Daraa, Baniyas, Al-Qamishli, Homs, Douma and Harasta. 3920:(UNHRC) convening an emergency session on 29 April and tasking a fact-finding mission to investigate the scale of atrocities in Syria. The investigation by the commission concluded that the Syrian Arab Army, 4766:. Some analysts stated that these defections were signs of Assad's weakening inner circle. In the wake of increasing defections, soldiers who refused or neglected orders to shoot civilians were also killed. 2961: 9638: 9470: 1027: 9313: 5265:

denounced Assad government's violent repression of protests and issued a statement condemning "the widespread violations of human rights and the use of force against civilians by the Syrian authorities".

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A weekly independent magazine, issued in Aleppo, and independently and impartially sheds light on the Syrian Revolution of Dignity to introduce fighters, martyrs, and prominent figures in the Revolution.

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Police and security forces responded to the protests violently, using water cannons and tear gas as well as physically beating protesters and firing live ammunition. The regime also deployed the dreaded

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on the peaceful demonstrators; deploying snipers, heavy machine guns and shelling. Those security officers who disagreed or held back themselves were also fired upon by Ba'athist paramilitaries and

4302:"He didn’t ask the MPs to stand for a minute’s silence and he said those who were killed were sacrificial martyrs.. But here in Daraa, the army and security deal with us like traitors or agents for 5055:(FSA). Composed of defected Syrian Armed Forces personnel, the rebel militia sought the defence of civilians from army shootings and eventually remove Bashar al-Assad from power. On 23 August, the 2954: 2635: 4403:

expanded its attacks on the civilians that sought refuge in nearby areas, resulting in 127 deaths. Early in the month of April, a large deployment of security forces prevented tent encampments in

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In June and July 2011, protests continued as government forces expanded operations, repeatedly firing at protesters, employing tanks against demonstrations, and conducting arrests. The towns of

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political prisoners, cut taxes, raise the salaries of public sector workers, provide more press freedoms, and increase job opportunities. Many of these announced reforms were never implemented.

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celebrations, started in near the end of August, were suppressed by Assad government after Ba'athist military forces fired on large demonstrations in Homs, Daraa, and the suburbs of Damascus.

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None of this would have been possible without the Syrian Revolution of Dignity, a revolution of the mind in every sense of the word, in political, social, cultural and even religious terms.

4637:. Eight civilians were killed and at least 2,000 residents tried to flee from the city into Lebanon. Reports subsequently emerged that the SAA troops were massacring residents of the town. 3511: 2068: 6116: 8656: 2856: 2628: 12100: 12308: 10783: 5541: 4421: 3968:'s atrocities and called for an immediate cessation of all military operations and engagement in Syrian-led political process; with numerous countries demanding al-Assad's resignation. 837: 3648: 1398: 4477:

lifting Syria's state of emergency. However, anti-government protests continued into April, with activists unsatisfied with what they considered vague promises of reform from Assad.

12092: 7758: 4984:, a Protestant Christian, as their prime minister. The Syrian uprising of 2011 was based on a desire to return to our grand past. It was a protest movement of all faiths... But the 3747: 3367: 1863: 743: 9108: 7461: 12411: 5222:, the United Nations, and many Western governments condemned the Syrian government's violent crackdown against the protests, and many expressed support for the Syrian revolution. 3504: 5487:

He called on all "free Egyptians" to participate in a protest in front of Bibliotheca Alexandrina on Thursday to mark the first anniversary of the "Syrian Revolution of Dignity."

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As the uprising progressed, opposition fighters became better equipped and more organized. Until September 2011, about two senior military or security officers defected to the

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Minor protests calling for government reforms began in January, and continued into March. At this time, massive protests were occurring in Cairo against Egyptian President

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The unprecedented brutality of Assad regime's crackdown on Syrian civilians resulted in global outcry and aroused strong condemnation from international bodies like the

3276: 3067: 2992: 891: 591: 581: 5329:. Some protesters were arrested by the British police. Later in the day, another crowd of around 300 protestors clashed with the British police outside the embassy. In 4626:, Aleppo, Damascus and several other towns and cities. After the end of each siege, violent suppression of sporadic protests continued throughout the following months. 4194:, demanding the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad. More than 35 protestors in Damascus were arrested by police forces in a subsequent crackdown ordered by Assad government. 13178: 10200: 4551:

also increased, as 233 Ba'ath Party members resigned on 28 April. This was in denunciation of the increasingly fatal violence that was getting unleashed on civilians.

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rule, began as minor demonstrations during January 2011 and transformed into large nation-wide protests in March. The uprising was marked by mass protests against the

11737: 11721: 11594: 11360: 11141: 10957: 10655: 10461: 10332: 8784: 6256: 4520:. An estimated hundreds to 6,000 soldiers were deployed, firing live ammunition at demonstrators and searching house to house for protesters, slaughtering hundreds. 4486: 4416: 4222: 4098: 2894: 1659: 641: 626: 611: 596: 566: 551: 536: 8004: 13370: 11817: 11090: 10983: 10799: 10659: 9474: 5977: 4693:, during which residents defied the military siege and came out in large numbers to protest against police repression. Rezan Mustapha, spokesman of the opposition 4547:

had shut down all communications and completely besieged the city of Daraa, which resulted in the forced starvation of the people of the city. Defections from the

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issued a warning for all American nationals to depart Syria "immediately while commercial transportation is available" on 23 November 2011. On 24 November, a

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Twelve years after protesters in Syria first demonstrated against the four-decade rule of the Assad family, hundreds of thousands of Syrians have been killed

5821: 3123: 2499: 2358: 2135: 8026: 4084:, a "Day of Rage" was called for by activists against the government of Bashar al-Assad, to be held on Friday, 4 February. This did not result in protests. 11767: 11551: 11319: 6531: 3560: 3008: 2978: 2583: 2324: 1094: 8874: 8287: 13233: 13218: 13188: 11833: 11630: 11566: 10768: 10629: 10605: 10072: 10036: 10011: 8424: 4320: 3643: 2762: 2589: 1369: 1232: 9576: 9276: 7275: 6670: 11391: 11324: 11177: 10907: 10408: 10041: 9812: 8533: 8506: 8367: 8030: 6715: 5859: 2701: 2383: 2314: 2006: 1744: 1610: 1444: 1183: 941: 8130: 7909: 6850: 6496: 12561: 12267: 11396: 9291: 8582: 6441: 4548: 4438: 4392:

has attempted to portray any pro-democracy protests, that calls for political pluralism and civil liberties, as "a project to sow sectarian strife."

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for unleashing indiscriminate violence in Hama, and the German government threatened to impose additional sanctions against the Assad government.

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of Arabs side with the revolutionaries against the regime and that support for Bashar had virtually eroded in Shia-majority regions in Lebanon.

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in January–April, 21 people were killed in battles. Street protests in the hundreds continued until a raid on universities in September 2012.

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meeting police and military violence, massive arrests and a brutal crackdown, resulting in thousands of deaths and tens of thousands wounded.

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in territories under its control. The crackdown campaigns were intensified by the regime throughout 2011–12; with Bashar al-Assad ordering

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swiftly responded by rounding up the alleged perpetrators and detaining them for more than a month, which set off large-scale protests in

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Throughout August, Syrian forces stormed major urban centers and outlying regions, and continued to attack protestors. On 14 August, the

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Reporting on this conflict was difficult and dangerous from the start: journalists were being attacked, detained, tortured and killed.

4339: 3882:, while people began to form opposition militias across the country, gradually transforming the revolution from a civil uprising to an 3670: 3658: 2504: 2255: 2150: 1974: 1779: 498: 4996:, against civilians. More than 9 million Syrians have been displaced, including more than 3 million refugees, and thousands have been 12542: 11920: 11289: 11172: 10890: 10425: 3704: 3692: 3687: 3173: 3116: 2279: 2000: 1527: 935: 9254: 8265: 6230:

A giant Syrian flag is held by the crowd during a protest against President Bashar Assad in the city center of Hama on July 29, 2011

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cracked down with unspeakable horrors. More than 200,000 people have been killed as the regime deployed its full arsenal, including

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rhetoric. This policy led to large-scale desertions within the army ranks and further defections of officers who began forming a

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death squads, consisting of fervent Alawite loyalists, that were ordered to execute sectarian attacks on the protestors, torture

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Levinson, Charles; Coker, Margaret; Cairo, Matt Bradley in; Entous, Adam; Washington, Jonathan Weisman in (12 February 2011).

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and other war crimes; as a result of a shoot to kill policy directly ordered by the government. UNHRC High Commissioner urged

3850:– with a subsequent violent reaction by the Syrian Arab Republic – lasting from March 2011 to June 2012, as part of the wider 13452: 13228: 12110: 12082: 11851: 11752: 11511: 11436: 11376: 11110: 11020: 10967: 10393: 9912: 9206: 9189: 7726: 7701: 7676: 6973: 3814: 3653: 3307: 3210: 3143: 2976: 2563: 2464: 2353: 2201: 2145: 1953: 1789: 1669: 810: 491: 8987: 7931: 4804:. Security forces dispersed the crowd with tear gas and by firing into the air. On 4 July 2011, Syrian Arab Army launched a 12438: 12178: 12043: 11895: 11526: 11247: 11242: 10160: 10016: 6246: 3478: 3352: 3215: 3158: 3109: 2576: 2184: 2155: 1794: 1674: 1521: 718: 8776: 7988: 7347: 6367: 13492: 13487: 13482: 13395: 12590: 11782: 11299: 11125: 10403: 9841: 9158: 7213: 6400: 5032: 3917: 3453: 3225: 3029: 2594: 2299: 2294: 2165: 1927: 959: 12453: 5969: 13512: 13507: 13308: 13298: 13163: 13142: 13122: 13107: 12489: 12163: 12063: 11705: 10758: 10590: 10378: 10216: 10057: 5226:

organization reported on 6 July 2011 that the Syrian government's violent repression of the inhabitants of the town of

4805: 4770: 4681: 4560: 4466: 4022:. Until March 2011, for decades Syria had remained superficially tranquil, largely due to fear among the people of the 3809: 3342: 2911: 1375: 1173: 805: 695: 290: 31: 9131: 6340: 13497: 13442: 13323: 13273: 13147: 13112: 12572: 12129: 12023: 11556: 11546: 11344: 11207: 10995: 10962: 10585: 10165: 10026: 8907: 6586: 6169: 4030: 3589: 3448: 3293: 2732: 2690: 2348: 1909: 1679: 1664: 11192: 4815:, while chanting pro-Assad slogans "We will die for you, Bashar". On 31 July, a nationwide crackdown, known as the " 4201:

Syrian pro-democracy protest groups and activists launched a campaign to organise a "Day of Rage" demonstrations in

13344: 13213: 12764: 12282: 12119: 11890: 11675: 11167: 10546: 10435: 10316: 10244: 10062: 9996: 6873: 5450:

The 'Syrian Revolution of Dignity' sought to restore Syrians' dignity in the face of state violence and corruption.

5372: 5269: 5175: 5113:. By August 24, large-scale protests had arosen nation-wide and expanded to the regions of Daraa, Latakia, Tartus, 4694: 3410: 3312: 3153: 2810: 2130: 2092: 2051: 1728: 1115: 929: 527: 8630:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. pp. 13, 15–17, 21. Archived from 4399:, displacing more than 80% of its population. Characterizing the displaced civilians as "armed terrorist groups", 13467: 13328: 12674: 12272: 12214: 11665: 11531: 11456: 11294: 11115: 11040: 9386: 5262: 4689:

to his family members. A video of Hamza's mutilated body was uploaded online, triggering large-scale protests in

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buildings as a base to organize the security forces and fire on protestors. The government issued an official

3948:" policy from the government. The UNHRC report published on 18 August stated that the atrocities amounted to " 13293: 13251: 12907: 12715: 12684: 12479: 11792: 11680: 11496: 11446: 11269: 11045: 11005: 10743: 10539: 10477: 10368: 10353: 7264: 6678: 5151: 4735: 4634: 4583: 4242: 4130: 3799: 3046: 2935: 2816: 2531: 2477: 2453: 2125: 2041: 1831: 1738: 1689: 1212: 1106: 795: 174: 12173: 10271: 10266: 8529: 8498: 8447: 8363: 5851: 4225:

using water cannons and tear gas, followed by live fire, killing four. On 20 March, a crowd burned down the

3347: 13390: 13303: 13261: 12664: 12134: 11856: 11797: 11670: 11426: 11421: 11182: 11162: 11055: 11050: 11010: 10895: 10373: 10301: 9763: 8961: 8598: 7821: 6834: 6504: 5651:

The use and abuse of sectarianism has been a foundational feature of Assad family rule since November 1970.

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bureaucracy and military led to popular anger that resulted in the large-scale protests of the Revolution.

4042: 3961: 3804: 3468: 3327: 3051: 2707: 2541: 2378: 2021: 2011: 1994: 1989: 1809: 1762: 1756: 1694: 1614: 1533: 1162: 1044: 800: 9786:"Emergency Message for U.S. Citizens: Significant decrease in the number of commercial flights from Syria" 9299: 7870: 4145:. Security forces under the command of the city's security chief and the first cousin of President Assad, 13380: 13223: 13137: 13127: 13117: 13102: 13042: 12942: 12789: 12669: 12648: 12613: 12504: 12499: 12380: 12013: 11944: 11491: 11451: 11284: 11202: 11187: 10763: 10728: 10509: 10276: 10103: 5382: 4018:. Before the uprising in Syria began in mid-March 2011, protests were relatively modest, considering the 3663: 3487: 3395: 3178: 3040: 2526: 2483: 2243: 2228: 2195: 2031: 2016: 1799: 1349: 1197: 1190: 1061: 362: 7957: 6056: 5202: 4508:

As the uprisings continued, the Syrian government began launching major military operations to suppress

13472: 13318: 12509: 11841: 11481: 11279: 10721: 10492: 10281: 8345: 8319:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. p. 118. Archived from 7234: 4666:

people sent back to communities by a regime not trying to cover up its crimes, but to advertise them."

3599: 3415: 3220: 2514: 2249: 2098: 1330: 991: 132: 8738: 7583:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. p. 13. Archived from 6603: 13421: 12735: 12608: 12403: 12318: 12139: 11905: 11777: 11521: 11476: 11381: 11212: 10878: 10873: 10704: 10677: 10672: 10534: 10413: 10221: 9929: 7843: 7780: 5068: 4977: 4838: 4041:

arrested numerous journalists and shut down independent press centres, in addition to tightening its

4011: 3163: 3024: 2569: 2509: 2363: 2140: 1814: 1767: 1508: 1503: 1304: 1274: 1268: 1100: 946: 62: 6207: 4461:

and some minority populations. Authorities reversed a ban that restricted teachers from wearing the

12725: 12600: 12585: 12053: 11772: 11762: 11747: 11571: 11416: 11237: 10942: 10639: 10580: 10190: 8195: 8153: 7629: 7393: 7300: 6524:"Human Rights Council debates situation of human rights in Syrian Arab Republic in Special Session" 5387: 5309: 5282: 4828: 4811:

On 11 July 2011, several Ba'athist cadres besieged and vandalized American and French embassies in

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were used for the first time against demonstrators, and snipers took positions on the rooftops of

4048:

Factors contributing to social disenchanment in Syria include socio-economic stress caused by the

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of civilian areas. By the end of 2012, more than 60,000 Syrian civilians had been slaughtered by

5056: 4901: 4325: 3949: 3079: 2832: 2822: 2458: 2393: 2026: 1984: 1649: 1556: 1539: 1338: 1256: 1178: 919: 8938: 8555: 8241:"Report of the Fact-Finding Mission on Syria pursuant to Human Rights Council resolution S-16/1" 4103: 3359: 13457: 13447: 13256: 12193: 11998: 11959: 11610: 11561: 11516: 11486: 11100: 11060: 11035: 11025: 10883: 10858: 10748: 10711: 10687: 10487: 9715: 6094: 5183: 5084: 3929: 3680: 3614: 3463: 3230: 3073: 2720: 2685: 2654: 2599: 2557: 2520: 2218: 1979: 1942: 1721: 1709: 1513: 1488: 1354: 1315: 1285: 1148: 1136: 1072: 907: 434: 234: 9523: 9314:"Syria Protests Spurred by Economic Misery Stir Memories of the 2011 Anti-Government Uprising" 8476: 3977: 3739: 11640: 11120: 10311: 10286: 10185: 9690: 7431: 6987: 5223: 5076: 5037: 3875: 2756: 1969: 1836: 979: 9566:

HRW: Syrian troops describe shooting protesters – World news – Mideast/N. Africa – msnbc.com

9496: 4873:

Intensified Ba'athist crackdowns and beginning of Syrian insurgency: August – September 2011

1602: 13243: 12882: 12643: 12469: 12443: 11969: 11501: 11314: 11065: 11030: 10863: 10848: 10694: 10383: 10306: 10108: 10006: 9012: 8246:. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. August 2011. p. 10. 8121:

Oweis, Khaled Yacoub; Karouny, Mariam; al-Khalidi, Suleiman; Aboudi, Sami (21 April 2011).

5258: 5188: 5170: 4933: 4686: 4556: 4181:

incited the majority of the protests. Writer and analyst Louai al-Hussein, referencing the

4153:

that quickly spread to other provinces. According to information given by interviewees to '

3819: 3198: 3168: 2546: 2260: 1773: 1715: 1498: 1493: 1292: 815: 283: 9067:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. Archived from 7611:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. Archived from 7155: 6700: 6555:. United Nations General Assembly: Human Rights Council. 15 September 2011. Archived from 5532:"Corruption Index 2010: The Most Corrupt Countries in the World – Global Development" 3714: 8: 13462: 13062: 13017: 12982: 12494: 12298: 12077: 11742: 11578: 10932: 10912: 10733: 10716: 10617: 10519: 10296: 9363: 8257: 6978: 6578: 6284: 5944: 5882: 5060: 5006: 4749: 4509: 4369: 4167: 4065: 4015: 3428: 3405: 2923: 2695: 2273: 1964: 1959: 1634: 1546: 1344: 1324: 1251: 1078: 883: 253: 121: 9412: 8806: 8708: 8678: 8389: 8091: 7551: 7521: 7176: 6974:""State of Barbary" (Take Two): From the Arab Spring to the Return of Violence in Syria" 5615:""State of Barbary" (Take Two): From the Arab Spring to the Return of Violence in Syria" 13002: 12448: 11915: 11846: 11807: 10524: 10502: 6999: 6766: 6251: 5903: 5680: 5642: 5634: 5592: 5584: 5234: 5101:

More than 12 years after the start of the 2011 uprisings, mass-protests erupted in the

5080: 4919: 4619: 4381: 4154: 3991: 3061: 2650: 2090: 1846: 1359: 1083: 1001: 136: 11070: 10927: 9616: 9434: 7092: 7059: 6903: 6478: 1804: 1562: 13360: 13067: 13022: 12623: 12618: 12394: 12303: 12259: 11615: 10816: 10529: 9908: 9225: 9185: 8746: 8590: 8203: 8161: 8061: 7996: 7750: 7722: 7697: 7672: 7637: 7401: 7308: 7013: 7003: 6942: 6842: 6723: 6645: 6582: 6165: 5790: 5646: 5596: 5318: 5297:

abstained from the vote. The League also warned of possible sanctions against Syria.

5072: 4942: 4924: 4896: 4878: 4778: 4763: 4150: 3933: 3895: 3438: 2740: 2233: 1449: 1088: 912: 471: 336: 141: 4516:, which had become a focal point of the uprising, was one of the first cities to be 4433: 4205:

and other cities on 25 March 2011. Online activists used social media networks like

13037: 13027: 13007: 12997: 12902: 12892: 12887: 12825: 12784: 12769: 12474: 12124: 12008: 11334: 11257: 10843: 10667: 10622: 10573: 10556: 10551: 10398: 10363: 9991: 9952: 7483: 6991: 5626: 5576: 5419: 5250: 5052: 5041: 4888: 4884: 4816: 4801: 4789: 4774: 4611: 4163: 3965: 3891: 3887: 3879: 3824: 3789: 3724: 3317: 2917: 2265: 2177: 2171: 1463: 1309: 1263: 1206: 1131: 1121: 820: 785: 514: 392: 257: 224: 54: 7671:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 270. 7008: 5580: 5333:, around 50 protesters ransacked the Syrian embassy in Egypt, on 4 February 2012. 4640:

On 20 May, security forces and Ba'athist militants based on a party training camp

13052: 12957: 12932: 12855: 12845: 12840: 12830: 12779: 12774: 12346: 11441: 11262: 10828: 10595: 10418: 10291: 10195: 9882: 7935: 7932:"President al-Assad Issues Decree on Discharging Governor of Daraa from His Post" 6212: 5364: 5344: 5165:

Since demonstrations began in March, the Assad government has imposed a complete

5147: 4981: 4951: 4845: 4740: 4705:

was done to terrify demonstrators and make them stop calling for their demands.”

4650: 4602: 4570:. For nearly a month, Hamza was held in police custody, where he endured regular 4142: 4061: 3867: 3859: 2471: 1478: 1364: 1156: 951: 384: 189: 153: 5601:

The greatest responsibility for sectarianising the conflict lies with the regime

5471: 4856: 4254:

of thousands of people participated in the funerals of those killed, chanting: "

13283: 12992: 12962: 12912: 12897: 12877: 12865: 12850: 12835: 12759: 12072: 10853: 10738: 10612: 10514: 10358: 7339: 6375: 6242: 5242: 5219: 5166: 5102: 5028: 5024: 4851: 4517: 4389: 4377: 4259: 4246: 4049: 3910: 3784: 3719: 3400: 1473: 1246: 1066: 965: 780: 388: 210: 12720: 7207: 6408: 5178:

organization described Syria as the third most censored country in the world.

3964:. A second emergency session convened by the UNHRC on 22 August condemned the 13436: 13047: 13012: 12967: 12937: 12917: 12872: 12860: 12707: 12484: 10838: 10753: 10388: 9820: 9813:"Arab League gives Syria one day to allow monitors before imposing sanctions" 9792:. Embassy of the United States of America - Damascus, Syria. 23 November 2011 8750: 8594: 8207: 8165: 8065: 8000: 7754: 7641: 7405: 7312: 6946: 6846: 6727: 6649: 5423: 5143: 4973: 4841: 4726: 4615: 4527: 4307: 4073: 4064:. Assad dynasty held a firm grip over most sectors of the Syrian economy and 4036: 4023: 3921: 3794: 2440: 2437: 1468: 1381: 877: 790: 475: 7669:

Counter Jihad: America's Military Experience in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria

6716:"Researchers Link Syrian Conflict to a Drought Made Worse by Climate Change" 5000:

to death in Assad’s dungeons. All this occurred while the world looked on."

4914: 12977: 12952: 12927: 12922: 12730: 12368: 12313: 9139: 9013:"Syrian forces kill seven protesters as Muslims celebrate first day of Eid" 5822:"Violence erupts in Syria, Jordan; anti-government protestors shot, stoned" 5536: 5110: 4989: 4985: 4861: 4672: 4659: 4567: 4365: 4343: 4330: 3995: 3945: 3863: 126: 6807: 5059:

was formed as a political counterpart to the FSA. Civilians began forming

3902:

which angered many across the country. The regime also deployed sectarian

13375: 13057: 12987: 12972: 12947: 9862: 9269:"Anti-government protests shake Syrian provinces amid anger over economy" 5377: 5350: 5238: 5215: 5114: 5071:, which declared itself as a self-governing entity and lifted the ban on 5020: 4908: 4730: 4701:, but people worldwide. It is unacceptable and inexcusable. The horrible 4641: 4630: 4458: 4361: 4250: 4182: 4134: 4019: 3987: 3851: 300: 295: 99:(1 year, 2 months and 4 weeks) (major protests until 2013) 50: 6881: 6770: 6754: 6247:"Coalition of Factions From the Streets Fuels a New Opposition in Syria" 5638: 5588: 5564: 5358: 5255:

High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

5051:

On 29 July, a group of defected officers announced the formation of the

4197: 12740: 6755:"Patronage and the Ba'th: Corruption and Control in Contemporary Syria" 5614: 5465:

The banner reads, "The Syrian Revolution of dignity, Bennish are free".

5191: 5139: 5118: 5106: 4146: 4007: 3999: 3855: 1042: 396: 7692:

Lefevre, Raphael (2013). "9: Uprisings in Syria: Revenge on History".

4177:

The government later claimed that the boys weren't attacked, and that

3913:

officially declared the clashes in Syria as a civil war in June 2012.

13032: 8421:"Shallow grave yields several bodies in Syrian city marked by unrest" 8054:"Syrian 'national dialogue' conference boycotted by angry opposition" 7544:"Syrian authorities detain national identity Adnan Mustafa Abu Ammar" 7424: 6401:"UN human rights office renews call on Syria to end brutal crackdown" 6188: 5227: 4993: 4396: 240: 8875:"Syria: Assad loyalists besiege US and French embassies in Damascus" 6995: 6638:"Syria revolution: A revolt brews against Bashar al- Assad's regime" 6280:"Syria revolution: A revolt brews against Bashar al- Assad's regime" 5970:"Syrian general: Hundreds of soldiers, police killed by armed gangs" 5630: 5281:

In a joint statement of its member states released on 6 August, the

4395:

Regime forces carried out brutal attacks against the inhabitants of

3291: 12750: 12698: 9921: 9904: 9500: 7717:

A. Shoup, John (2018). "10: Bashar al-Asad's Syria: 2000–Present".

6455:

increasingly unlikely that he will regain any political legitimacy.

5301: 5207: 4833: 4812: 4454: 4385: 4287: 4206: 4202: 4187: 4166:

was soon deployed to shoot at the protests; resulting in a popular

4077: 4057: 4003: 3941: 3925: 483: 158: 9036:"To defeat the Islamic State we must first remove Bashar al-Assad" 5410:

Omri, Mohamed-Salah (2012). "A Revolution of Dignity and poetry".

4462: 4333:, a Damascus suburb, against the Assad government on 8 April 2011. 3940:, assassinations, and persecution and abductions of suspects from 2871: 1885: 7696:. New York, New York, USA: Oxford University Press. p. 185. 5305: 5286: 4997: 4892: 4702: 4698: 4663: 4571: 4537: 4522: 4442: 4426: 4404: 4356: 4338:

al-Najar, Abbas Abbas, and Adnan Mustafa. Government forces used

4291: 4275: 4210: 4081: 3937: 3904: 1420: 859: 316: 5432:"The war in Syria may be mostly over, but the revolution is not" 5230:

amounted to a "systematic campaign of crimes against humanity".

10222:

Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

9986: 7514:"Jailed prominent Syrian opposition for seven and a half years" 5729:"Bashar Assad Resignation Called For By Syria Sit-In Activists" 5317:

group countries urged Assad government to start talks with the

4959: 4820: 4303: 4283: 4191: 3769: 3526: 765: 9359:"Syrian Electronic Army: Cyber Warfare From Pro-Assad Hackers" 9184:. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. p. 187. 8852:"Eyewitness: The view from the epicentre of the Syrian revolt" 8830:"Syrian Army Turned Helicopter Gunships On Defecting Soldiers" 8739:"In Damascus, Amid Uprising, Syrians Act Like Nothing's Amiss" 8649:"Syrian forces take over northwestern town of Maaret al-Numan" 7721:. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, LLC. p. 144. 7484:"Arrest of leader of the Islamic Democratic movement in Syria" 7205: 6497:"Syria conflict now a civil war, U.N. peacekeeping chief says" 4891:

became involved in the military crackdown for the first time.

4170:

led by locals; which made Daraa one of the first provinces in

252:

Protests crushed by Government security Forces; rise of armed

13366:

Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference

9981: 8473:"Syrian security forces kill "at least eight" in Tall Kalakh" 8154:"In Syria, Thousands Protest, Facing Violence, Residents Say" 5330: 5314: 5290: 5274: 4955: 4824: 4690: 4645: 4513: 4279: 4218: 4178: 4171: 4158: 4120: 3858:. The revolution, which demanded the end of the decades-long 3847: 278: 229: 168: 108: 8120: 4852:

Mass protests and Syrian insurgency: August 2011 – June 2012

3916:

The unprecedented violence led to global backlash, with the

7235:"Syria: Seven Police Killed, Buildings Torched in Protests" 5443:"Migration, Refugees and Conceptualizing Canadian Identity" 5326: 5294: 5122: 4865: 4533: 4470: 4271: 4267: 424:

1,300 security forces injured by 27 June (government claim)

68: 9810: 9247:"Anti-government protests in Syria continue for sixth day" 8931:"A French Journalist in Dara'a, Syria's 'Ghetto of Death'" 6935:"A Faceless Teenage Refugee Who Helped Ignite Syria's War" 6575:

The Arab Uprisings: The People Want the Fall of the Regime

3131: 9710: 9708: 8962:"Tank, navy attack on Syria's Latakia kills 26-witnesses" 8709:"Syria: 'Hundreds of thousands' join anti-Assad protests" 8258:"Civilian killings in Syrian demonstrations rises to 800" 7394:"Syrian Troops Open Fire on Protesters in Several Cities" 7180: 6904:"Mid-East unrest: Syrian protests in Damascus and Aleppo" 5109:, protesters chanted slogans calling for downfall of the 4915:

Escalation of Syrian insurgency: October 2011 – June 2012

470:

During the civil uprising in the first half of 2011, the

13371:

International recognition of the Syrian National Council

9716:"GCC urges end to Syrian 'bloodshed,' calls for reforms" 8807:"Syria town of Jisr al-Shughour braces for army assault" 8679:"Syria unrest: Protests in Aleppo as troops comb border" 7934:. Syrian Arab News Agency. 24 March 2011. Archived from 7844:"Opposition: 127 dead as Syrian forces target civilians" 7667:

Glynn Williams, Brian (2017). "6: The New War on ISIS".

6832: 5457:"Helicopters, tanks shelled Syrian town before massacre" 4002:; with a tight system of regulations on the movement of 3894:

was formed on 29 July 2011, marking the beginning of an

427:

410 security forces killed by 27 June (government claim)

9387:"Syrian forces beat up political cartoonist Ali Ferzat" 8196:"Syria Escalates Crackdown as Tanks Go to Restive City" 7902:"Syrian mourners call for revolt, forces fire tear gas" 7814:"Syria lifts niqab ban, shuts casino, in nod to Sunnis" 7177:"Middle East unrest: Syria arrests Damascus protesters" 5483:"Brotherhood forms human chain for Syria in Alexandria" 5277:

in solidarity with protestors in Syria, 4 February 2012

5150:

fleeing from Hamza Ali al-Khatib, the Syrian boy whose

5067:

During the unrest, several Kurdish militias formed the

4262:

and Bashar al-Assad were demolished during the events.

4020:

wave of unrest that was spreading across the Arab world

9878:

12 arrests during protests at Syrian embassy in London

9705: 9524:"France condemns violence against protesters in Syria" 8580: 6604:"Fear barrier crumbles in Syrian "kingdom of silence"" 5154:

became a global symbol of Bashar al-Assad's brutality.

4697:

party stated: "This video moved not only every single

4512:, signaling a new phase in the uprising. On 25 April, 3541:

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

12434:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

9666:"Civilian Toll Is Mounting in Assault on Syrian City" 9577:

U.S. Is Quietly Getting Ready for Syria Without Assad

9497:"Obama Condemns 'Abhorrent Violence' of Syrian Gov't" 9292:"Rare Protests in Syria Summon Echoes of Arab Spring" 9207:"Strike, protests in Syria's Sweida enter second day" 8583:"In Paris, Diplomats Cheer Syria General's Defection" 7156:"President Assad's interview with SBS News Australia" 6573:

Bowen, Jeremy (2013). "Prologue: Before the Spring".

6434:"Troops open fire on protests as crackdown continues" 4504:

Opposition demonstration in Baniyas on 29 April 2011.

4487:

Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)

4417:

Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)

4310:, not send tanks and helicopters to fight civilians.” 4099:

Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)

9639:"EU condemns 'totally unjustified' Syrian crackdown" 8906:. Agence France-Presse. 31 July 2011. Archived from 8581:

Dagher, Sam; Gauthier-Villars, David (6 July 2012).

6471:"Syria in civil war, says UN official Herve Ladsous" 5916: 5758:

Oweis, Khaled; al-Khalidi, Suleiman (8 April 2011).

5340: 4806:

military incursion into the city of Jishr al-Shugour

4294:. Over 70 protesters in total were reported killed. 4034:

families from travelling abroad. In September 2010,

10073:

Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

9873: 9871: 9842:"Russia, China, urge Syria talks, stress U.N. role" 9471:"Canada condemns violence in Yemen, Bahrain, Syria" 7871:"Almost 90 dead in Syria's bloodiest day of unrest" 6671:"How Syria controls its dissidents: Banning travel" 6000:"Almost 3,000 missing in Syria crackdown, NGO says" 5169:banning independent news coverage, barring foreign 5031:, etc. Two emergency sessions were convened by the 4758:"') in the Assi square of Hama on 22 July 2011 4321:

Syrian government response to the Syrian revolution

4087: 9109:"'Free Syrian Army' poses growing threat to Assad" 9087:"How Syria's Bashar al-Assad got away with murder" 7743:"Beyond Arms, Syria Uses Arrests Against Uprising" 7432:"Syria Timeline: Since the Uprising Against Assad" 7007: 4601:Syrian security forces open fire on protestors in 4491:Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011) 4014:listed Syria as the 6th worst country in its 2010 8980: 8092:"Syria opens 'national dialogue' with opposition" 7958:"In Syrian flashpoint town, more deaths reported" 6333:"Damascus's False Reconciliation Failed in Daraa" 5964: 5962: 4306:. We hoped our army would fight and liberate the 3846:, was a series of mass protests and uprisings in 13434: 9868: 9617:"EU condemns 'unacceptable' repression in Syria" 9435:"EU condemns 'unacceptable' repression in Syria" 8151: 7301:"Officers Fire on Crowd as Syrian Protests Grow" 7262: 7206:Al Jazeera Arabic قناة الجزيرة (23 March 2011), 6786:"The Role of Corruption in the Syrian Civil War" 6031:"Syrian troops detain dozens, 3 killed in north" 5529: 5237:organization published a report confirming that 5210:on 27 March, in support of the Syrian protestors 5128: 3295:Syrian War spillover and international incidents 11631:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict 11542:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate 10125:International reactions to the Syrian civil war 9811:Dina Zayed and Ayman Samir (24 November 2011). 9180:Ahmed, Akbar (2013). "4: Musharraf's Dilemma". 8701: 8530:"Tortured and killed: Hamza al-Khateeb, age 13" 8445: 8364:"Tortured and killed: Hamza al-Khateeb, age 13" 8152:Macfarquhar, Neil; Stack, Liam (1 April 2011). 7209:اقتحام الأمن السوري المسجد العمري في مدينة درعا 6933:Fahim, Kareem; Saad, Hwaida (8 February 2013). 6326: 6324: 6322: 6305:"The Syrian revolution on its 10th anniversary" 5760:"Pro-democracy protests sweep Syria, 22 killed" 5757: 5612: 4725:Hundreds of thousands of protesters parade the 4651:National Organization for Human Rights in Syria 4437:Pro-government demonstrations organized by the 3620:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 3574:Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels 460:: Tens of thousands of protesters and civilians 10042:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present) 9764:"Syria threatened with Arab League suspension" 9730: 9457:"UN chief slams Syria's crackdown on protests" 9413:"Saudi Arabia withdraws ambassador from Syria" 8052:Hassan, Nidaa; Borger, Julian (10 July 2011). 8027:"Stateless Kurds in Syria granted citizenship" 7694:Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 7666: 7455: 7453: 6490: 6488: 6426: 6241: 6205: 5959: 4800:On 3 June, about 30,000 protestors marched in 4584:Killing and mutilation of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 4076:, and in Syria on 3 February via the websites 3982:Background and causes of the Syrian revolution 442:3,500+ protestors killed (by 31 December 2011) 175:Killing and mutilation of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 9937: 9901:Syrian Conflagration. The Civil War 2011–2013 9641:. Khaleej Times. 31 July 2011. Archived from 7093:"Middle East unrest: Silence broken in Syria" 7060:"Middle East unrest: Silence broken in Syria" 5813: 3755: 3512: 3277: 3117: 2962: 2857: 2636: 2423: 2076: 1871: 1588: 1406: 1028: 845: 751: 499: 203:Abolition of the Supreme State Security Court 10784:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan) 10181:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 10068:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war 9449: 9230:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8051: 7550:(in Arabic). 28 January 2011. Archived from 7520:(in Arabic). 25 January 2011. Archived from 6971: 6601: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6393: 6319: 6208:"Syrian Military Attacks Protesters in Hama" 6057:"As Syria flares, some U.N.'ers take flight" 5937:"Muslim Brotherhood endorses Syria protests" 5908:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5685:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 5015:2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war 4823:-like conditions. Al-Balad neighbourhood in 4685:released the tortured and mutilated body of 4457:sect, made some concessions to the majority 4137:. The boys also spray-painted the graffiti " 4124: 18:Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war 13324:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 10564:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013) 10130:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 9736: 9691:"Thursday, August 18, 2011 - 17:49 - Syria" 9579:By HELENE COOPER nyt.com 19 September 2011] 8777:"Syria: What motivates an Assad supporter?" 7450: 7258: 7256: 6752: 6494: 6485: 6465: 6463: 6109:"Syria: 'four dead' in rare demonstrations" 4797:government, organized by the Ba'ath party. 3530:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 439:1,800–2,154 civilians killed (by 17 August) 13319:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 12268:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region 11467:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 11228:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 9944: 9930: 9545:"Syria accused of crimes against humanity" 9427: 9289: 9033: 8556:"Interactive: Tracking Syria's defections" 8357: 8355: 8189: 8187: 7899: 7808: 7806: 6183: 6181: 5197: 5194:, who had been critical of the crackdown. 4256:We do not want your bread, we want dignity 3762: 3748: 3519: 3505: 3284: 3270: 3124: 3110: 2969: 2955: 2864: 2850: 2643: 2629: 2430: 2416: 2083: 2069: 1878: 1864: 1595: 1581: 1413: 1399: 1035: 1021: 852: 838: 758: 744: 506: 492: 13199:International demonstrations and protests 11305:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack 10601:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013) 9155:"Syrian dissidents form national council" 9084: 8418: 8390:"Syrian army tanks 'moving towards Hama'" 6932: 6511: 6368:"Syria's War and the Descent Into Horror" 6359: 6087:"World Report 2012: Syria Events of 2011" 5880: 5852:"Syria to lift decades-old emergency law" 5662: 5300:On 23 November 2011, the U.S. embassy in 4827:, which had been under a brutal siege by 4756:the people want to bring down the regime! 13345:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany 12429:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution 9521: 9244: 9034:al-Yaqoubi, Muhammad (5 December 2014). 8827: 8288:"No water, power in Syrian protest town" 8019: 7989:"Syrians are tired of Assad's 'reforms'" 7986: 7716: 7391: 7253: 6871: 6713: 6631: 6629: 6460: 6101: 5791:"Syrian protestors want a regime change" 5562: 5268: 5201: 5138: 4918: 4855: 4712: 4587: 4499: 4432: 4420: 4384:on 3 July 2012. State propaganda of the 4324: 4196: 4102: 3924:and Ba'athist paramilitaries engaged in 167:Torture and death of children in one of 10409:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012) 10176:US intervention in the Syrian civil war 9152: 8960:Oweis, Khaled Yacoub (14 August 2011). 8900:"Syrian army kills at least 95 in Hama" 8352: 8184: 8123:"Syria's Assad ends state of emergency" 7836: 7803: 7691: 7459: 7368: 7237:. Israel National News. 21 March 2011. 7026: 6330: 6178: 5892:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 5884:Sectarian Violence in Syria's Civil War 5819: 5669:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 5665:Sectarian Violence in Syria's Civil War 5090: 4831:since late March, was described by the 4566:during protests held in the village of 3994:was considered as the most restrictive 14: 13435: 11813:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20) 11091:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov) 9898: 9737:MacFarquhar, Neil (12 November 2011). 8928: 8894: 8892: 8562:from the original on 26 September 2013 8338:"Syria: Rampant Torture of Protesters" 8193: 8007:from the original on 30 September 2013 7900:al-Khalidi, Suleiman (19 March 2011). 7340:"A recap of the Syrian crisis to date" 7057: 6972:Droz-Vincent, Philippe (Winter 2014). 6808:"'Day of Rage' Protest Urged in Syria" 6602:Yacoub Oweis, Khaled (22 March 2011). 6302: 6159: 5980:from the original on 24 September 2015 5922: 5788: 5544:from the original on 17 September 2013 5135:Media coverage of the Syrian civil war 4480: 4131:The people want the fall of the regime 4092: 3133:Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present) 345:Local Coordination Committees of Syria 13314:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) 13084: 12814: 12240: 12101:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike 11921:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict 11661:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May) 11626:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb) 11537:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18) 11527:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18) 10242: 9963: 9925: 9663: 9356: 9179: 9132:"In the Land of the Free Syrian Army" 9129: 8959: 8528:Flamand, Hugh Macleod and Annasofie. 8509:from the original on 21 December 2016 8362:Flamand, Hugh Macleod and Annasofie. 8235: 8233: 8231: 8229: 8102:from the original on 28 February 2017 8072:from the original on 11 February 2017 7868: 7337: 7331: 7319:from the original on 16 November 2012 7281:from the original on 17 December 2019 7120: 7118: 7103:from the original on 5 September 2015 7087: 7085: 7039:from the original on 16 December 2015 6874:"Graffiti Wars and Syria's Spray Man" 6853:from the original on 11 February 2017 6783: 6635: 6626: 6614:from the original on 11 February 2017 6572: 6277: 6010:from the original on 11 February 2017 5934: 5862:from the original on 22 November 2011 5726: 5699: 4115:") during the start of the revolution 3960:members to prosecute al-Assad in the 3743: 3500: 3265: 3105: 2950: 2845: 2624: 2411: 2064: 1859: 1576: 1394: 1016: 833: 739: 487: 12439:Syrian Revolution General Commission 12179:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria 10958:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field 10161:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 9951: 9739:"Arab League Votes to Suspend Syria" 9473:. 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Taylor & Francus: 357–376. 5565:"Sectarianism and conflict in Syria" 5530:Oliver, Christin (26 October 2010). 5409: 4777:, a city near the Turkish border in 4771:first instance of armed insurrection 4010:and other unauthorized individuals. 3944:, amongst others, with an official " 3353:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 2500:2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 2136:1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 513: 13396:Syrian civil war in popular culture 13289:UN Security Council Resolution 2118 11218:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun) 10908:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul) 10891:First Battle of the Shaer gas field 9619:. Middle East Online. 22 March 2011 9591:"Arab Attitudes Toward Syria: 2011" 9437:. Middle East Online. 22 March 2011 9384: 9290:Abdulrahim, Raja (31 August 2023). 9204: 8889: 8872: 8769: 8527: 8382: 8361: 8268:from the original on 30 August 2011 8029:. CNN. 7 April 2011. Archived from 7630:"Police Kill 6 Protesters in Syria" 7392:Slackman, Michael (25 March 2011). 6677:. 30 September 2010. Archived from 6495:Charbonneau, Louis (13 June 2012). 6407:. 23 September 2011. Archived from 6162:From Richard Kimble to Barack Obama 6160:Nasser, Hossam (2012). "Epilogue". 6067:from the original on 17 August 2011 5625:(1). Middle East Institute: 33–58. 5033:United Nations Human Rights Council 4744: 4125: 4031:2007 presidential election in Syria 3918:United Nations Human Rights Council 164:Discrimination of ethnic minorities 24: 13299:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 12490:Authenticity and Development Front 12164:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 12159:December 2011 Turkish border clash 11950:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes 11407:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb) 11320:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov) 11178:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar) 10446:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 10217:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 10171:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 10058:Casualties of the Syrian civil war 9693:. Al Jazeera Blogs. 18 August 2011 9357:Karam, Zeina (27 September 2011). 9338:. Committee to Protect Journalists 9205:Hezaber, Ali Haj Suleiman, Husam. 8929:Clanet, Christian (10 June 2011). 8719:from the original on 5 August 2011 8226: 8214:from the original on 26 April 2011 8133:from the original on 22 April 2011 7968:from the original on 26 March 2011 7912:from the original on 22 March 2011 7881:from the original on 27 April 2011 7648:from the original on 22 March 2011 7263:Holliday, Joseph (December 2011). 7216:from the original on 22 March 2016 7115: 7082: 6872:al-khouy, Firas (6 October 2011). 6734:from the original on 25 April 2017 6636:Flock, Elizabeth (15 March 2011). 6278:Flock, Elizabeth (15 March 2011). 6220:from the original on 11 April 2017 6119:from the original on 21 March 2011 5801:from the original on 29 April 2011 4837:newspaper as a "ghetto of death". 3978:Background of the Syrian civil war 3633:U.S.-led intervention against ISIL 321:Pro-government civilian protesters 32:Syrian Revolution (disambiguation) 25: 13524: 13478:Riots and civil disorder in Syria 12189:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 12130:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut 12083:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike 11651:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May) 11636:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar) 11377:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) 11243:May Jableh & Tartous bombings 11193:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 11158:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 11111:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016) 10498:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr) 10166:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone 9863:Arrests at Syrian embassy protest 9588: 9547:. Al Jazeera English. 6 July 2011 9115:. 14 October 2011. Archived from 8787:from the original on 22 July 2012 8757:from the original on 5 April 2017 8536:from the original on 9 April 2017 8370:from the original on 9 April 2017 8194:Shadid, Anthony (25 April 2011). 7850:from the original on 7 April 2012 7791:from the original on 31 July 2012 7781:"Syria: Torture Centers Revealed" 7412:from the original on 21 June 2018 7350:from the original on 23 June 2018 7241:from the original on 21 July 2015 7187:from the original on 5 April 2011 7012:on 24 September 2015 – via 6914:from the original on 21 July 2018 6366:Laub, Zachary (15 October 2019). 6028: 5770:from the original on 5 March 2016 5613:Droz-, Philippe, Vincent (2014). 5308:news dispatch reported U.S. Navy 5174:In its report published in 2012, 4708: 4453:The government, dominated by the 4174:to break free of regime control. 4107:A wall with Anti-Assad graffiti " 3368:Jordanian–Syrian border incidents 433:12,617 arrested; 3,000 civilians 13417: 13416: 13133:2017 Northern regional elections 12765:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria 12376:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 12241: 11891:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah 11788:Turkish offensive into northeast 11768:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug) 11656:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr) 11325:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov) 11168:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 10436:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush 10317:2010s in Syria political history 10063:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 9907:: Helion & Company Limited. 9856: 9834: 9804: 9778: 9756: 9683: 9657: 9631: 9609: 9582: 9570: 9559: 9537: 9515: 9489: 9463: 9405: 9378: 9350: 9328: 9320:. 29 August 2023. 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Archived from 6206:Rania Abouzeid (1 August 2011). 6139:""We've Never Seen Such Horror"" 5820:McShane, Larry (25 March 2011). 5373:Timeline of the Syrian civil war 5357: 5343: 5293:voted against the action, while 5176:Committee to Protect Journalists 4213:to promote the protest campaign. 4088:Civil uprising (March–July 2011) 3595:Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation 3479:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 3439:2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria 2907:Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike 330: 277: 61: 13503:Massacres of protesters in Asia 13329:Syrian Constitutional Committee 12675:International Freedom Battalion 12273:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 11671:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun) 11621:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr) 11567:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov) 11422:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr) 11397:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb) 11387:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17) 11253:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct) 11233:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May) 11173:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb) 11041:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 10923:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov) 10769:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov) 10700:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug) 10569:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct) 10404:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014) 10379:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation 9130:Tanir, Ilhan (4 October 2012). 8828:Krietner, Ricky (8 June 2011). 8465: 8439: 8412: 8344:. 15 April 2011. Archived from 8330: 8302: 8294:. 28 April 2011. Archived from 8280: 8250: 8145: 8114: 8084: 8045: 7987:al-Hatem, Fadwa (31 May 2011). 7980: 7950: 7924: 7893: 7869:Oweis, Khaled (22 April 2011). 7862: 7773: 7735: 7710: 7685: 7660: 7622: 7594: 7566: 7536: 7506: 7476: 7460:Macleod, Hugh (25 April 2011). 7385: 7369:Macleod, Hugh (25 April 2011). 7362: 7293: 7227: 7199: 7169: 7148: 7051: 7027:Macleod, Hugh (23 April 2011). 7020: 6965: 6926: 6896: 6865: 6826: 6800: 6784:Gersh, Nick (6 February 2017). 6777: 6746: 6707: 6685: 6663: 6595: 6566: 6538: 6296: 6271: 6235: 6199: 6153: 6131: 6079: 6049: 6022: 5992: 5935:Oweis, Khaled (29 April 2011). 5928: 5881:C. Hof, Simon, Frederic, Alex. 5874: 5844: 5663:C. Hof, Simon, Frederic, Alex. 5494: 5400: 5263:United Nations Security Council 4972:"almost two decades before the 4133:") – a trademark slogan of the 3434:2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike 3338:Syrian–Turkish border incidents 3253:3rd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 3194:2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 3184:1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 256:and subsequent escalation into 12184:Assassination of Andrei Karlov 12054:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents 11753:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor 11497:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun) 11300:September Deir ez-Zor air raid 11290:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep) 11248:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun) 11238:Northern Raqqa offensive (May) 11126:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 9892: 7820:. 6 April 2011. Archived from 7272:Institute for the Study of War 7126:"We've Never Seen Such Horror" 7058:Sinjab, Lina (19 March 2011). 6477:. 12 June 2012. Archived from 6440:. 17 June 2011. Archived from 6331:Katerji, Oz (11 August 2021). 6303:Nassar, Alaa (18 March 2021). 6193:RSF: Reporters Without Borders 5789:Colvin, Mark (25 March 2011). 5782: 5751: 5727:Mroue, Bassem (18 June 2011). 5720: 5693: 5656: 5606: 5563:Phillips, Christopher (2015). 5556: 5523: 4923:Military situation during the 4635:siege of the town of Talkalakh 4559:was arrested by forces of the 4410: 3174:7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 3144:6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2895:5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2763:4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2746:Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident 2564:3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2384:2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 2320:1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict 71:against the Syrian government 13: 1: 13128:2017 Northern local elections 13118:2015 Northern local elections 12480:National Front for Liberation 12417:Local Coordination Committees 11965:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct) 11803:Israeli missile strikes (Nov) 11447:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 10744:Khan al-Assal chemical attack 10540:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing 10354:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 10139:Specific groups and countries 9964: 9766:. Aljazeera. 12 November 2011 9664:Bakri, Nada (4 August 2011). 8858:. 8 June 2011. Archived from 8475:. 18 May 2011. Archived from 6581:. pp. 14, 15, 118, 341. 6164:. Balboa Press. p. 126. 6145:. 1 June 2011. Archived from 5700:Zafar, Saad (24 March 2011). 5581:10.1080/01436597.2015.1015788 5517: 5129:Media coverage and censorship 4736:Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam 4495: 4425:Anti-Assad demonstrations in 4258:”. Statues and billboards of 4026:arresting critical citizens. 3971: 3590:Turkey–Islamic State conflict 3396:Iraqi–Syrian border incidents 3376:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line 2495:April 2017 Turkish airstrikes 13453:2011 in the Syrian civil war 13391:2015 European migrant crisis 12665:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 11557:Euphrates Crossing offensive 11051:Western al-Hasakah offensive 11011:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 10879:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) 10635:Quneitra Governorate clashes 10374:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh 10302:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 10243: 10051:Effects and ongoing concerns 9459:. Al Jazeera. 18 March 2011. 9385:Ali, Nour (25 August 2011). 9336:"10 Most Censored Countries" 9015:. Al Arabiya. 30 August 2011 8448:"Escaping Syria's crackdown" 7338:Iddon, Paul (30 July 2012). 6693:"Predators: Bashar Al-Assad" 6372:Council on Foreign Relations 5097:2023 southern Syria protests 5046:International Criminal Court 4965: 4574:and mutilation of his body. 4364:demonstrators and engage in 4314: 3962:International Criminal Court 3844:Syrian Revolution of Dignity 2105:(March 2016 – February 2017) 1763:Western al-Hasakah offensive 1695:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 206:Lifting of the emergency law 149:State sponsored sectarianism 7: 13279:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 13234:Syrian government reactions 13224:Status of the Golan Heights 13219:Sectarianism and minorities 13143:2020 parliamentary election 13123:2016 parliamentary election 13108:2012 parliamentary election 13085: 13043:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid 12943:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni 12790:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 12649:Northern Democratic Brigade 12505:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 12500:Revolutionary Commando Army 12381:Popular Mobilization Forces 12169:2012 Turkish border clashes 11758:Dêrik prison escape attempt 11163:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan) 11116:2015–2016 Latakia offensive 11086:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep) 11081:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug) 10968:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec) 10953:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict 10729:Bayda and Baniyas massacres 10037:Sectarianism and minorities 10012:Syrian government reactions 9844:. Reuters. 25 November 2011 9718:. Al Arabiya. 6 August 2011 6753:M. Sadowski, Yahya (1987). 5704:. AllVoices. Archived from 5383:Timeline of the Arab Spring 5336: 4773:occurred on 4 June 2011 in 4662:and intimidation: Horribly 4577: 4549:Arab Socialist Ba'ath party 4518:besieged by the Syrian Army 3610:Idlib Governorate operation 3242:Iranian consulate airstrike 3159:4th Israeli missile strikes 3057:3rd Israeli missile strikes 3030:2nd Israeli missile strikes 2801:Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes 2443:in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017) 2196:12th–14th Aleppo offensives 363:Muslim Brotherhood of Syria 27:Revolution in Syria in 2011 10: 13529: 13493:April 2011 events in Syria 13488:March 2011 events in Syria 13483:Syrian democracy movements 13274:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan 13148:2021 presidential election 13113:2014 presidential election 12815: 12359:medical facility targeting 12215:Deir ez-Zor missile strike 12174:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings 12093:Jordanian border incidents 11738:Idlib inter-rebel conflict 11676:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun) 11552:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) 11340:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec) 11310:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct) 11280:Operation Euphrates Shield 11208:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 11096:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 11021:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul) 11016:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr) 10963:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 10812:First Inter-rebel conflict 10774:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 10683:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) 10586:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 8873:Ali, Nour (11 July 2011). 7033:Public Radio International 5132: 5094: 5044:to prosecute Assad in the 5012: 4876: 4581: 4526:mercenaries, loyal to the 4484: 4414: 4350:death squads from behind. 4318: 4241:On 23 March, units of the 4096: 4043:censorship of the Internet 3975: 3866:dictatorship of president 3698:April 2018 missile strikes 3568:2012 Hezbollah involvement 2537:Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike 2250:Operation Euphrates Shield 2126:9th–11th Aleppo offensives 930:Shayrat & Tiyas ambush 465:: 4,000+ (by January 2012) 352:Anti-government militants 291:National Progressive Front 133:Islamist uprising in Syria 29: 13513:July 2011 events in Syria 13508:June 2011 events in Syria 13412: 13353: 13337: 13242: 13156: 13095: 13091: 13080: 12821: 12810: 12749: 12736:Group of the One and Only 12716:Military activity of ISIL 12706: 12697: 12657: 12609:People's Protection Units 12599: 12591:Smaller political parties 12571: 12562:Autonomous Administration 12560: 12518: 12462: 12402: 12393: 12327: 12319:Palestine Liberation Army 12291: 12258: 12251: 12247: 12236: 12207: 12148: 12109: 12091: 12062: 12033: 12022: 11983: 11929: 11875: 11852:Idlib Governorate clashes 11826: 11778:Hass refugee camp bombing 11714: 11666:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr) 11587: 11502:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug) 11477:Maskanah Plains offensive 11472:Desert campaign (May–Jul) 11402:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun) 11353: 11134: 10976: 10874:Second siege of Wadi Deif 10869:Kafr Zita chemical attack 10834:Daraa offensive (Feb–May) 10792: 10705:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl 10648: 10454: 10441:Idlib Governorate clashes 10426:Daraa Governorate clashes 10394:Jabal al-Zawiya operation 10325: 10255: 10251: 10238: 10209: 10138: 10117: 10081: 10050: 9974: 9970: 9959: 9182:The Thistle and the Drone 7462:"Syria: how it all began" 7371:"Syria: how it all began" 7029:"Syria: How it all began" 6697:Reporters Without Borders 5069:Kurdish Supreme Committee 4839:British foreign secretary 4729:and shout the trade mark 4249:stormed a gathering in a 4012:Reporters Without Borders 3886:, and later a full-scale 3780: 3538: 3303: 3237:Israel–Hezbollah conflict 3154:Qamishli & Al-Hasakah 3139: 3003: 2997:(April 2019 – March 2020) 2902:Sep. 2018 missile strikes 2885: 2708:5th Deir ez-Zor offensive 2667: 2449: 2374:4th Deir ez-Zor offensive 2111: 1990:3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive 1898: 1892:(Sept. 2015 – March 2016) 1670:2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive 1623: 1617:(Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015) 1456:1st Deir ez-Zor offensive 1433: 1424:Rise of the Islamic State 1163:Kurdish–Islamist conflict 1057: 872: 866:(Sept. 2011 – April 2012) 776: 735: 523: 478:as the Syrian government. 469: 456: 451: 417: 412: 404:No centralized leadership 380: 375: 269: 264: 248: 218: 182: 115: 103: 78: 60: 48: 43: 13498:May 2011 events in Syria 13443:21st-century revolutions 12726:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army 12670:Kurdistan Workers' Party 12614:Women's Protection Units 12586:Kurdish National Council 12035:Israel and Golan Heights 11906:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 11748:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani 11507:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 11462:April Turkish airstrikes 11437:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr) 11270:Southern Aleppo campaign 11213:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 11106:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec) 11076:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 11006:Southern Syria Offensive 10640:Talbiseh bakery massacre 10591:First siege of Wadi Deif 10581:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz 10478:January al-Midan bombing 10210:Agreements and dialogues 10191:Syrian Democratic Forces 8129:. Beirut, Amman, Cairo. 5424:10.1215/01903659-1506283 5393: 5388:List of Syrian defectors 5310:Carrier Strike Group Two 5283:Gulf Cooperation Council 4829:Syrian Arab Armed Forces 4545:Syrian Arab armed forces 4441:at Tishreen University, 4401:Syrian Arab Armed Forces 4141:"; directly alluding to 4119:In the southern city of 3469:Kafr Takharim airstrikes 3248:February 2024 airstrikes 3211:3rd U.S. missile strikes 3088:2nd U.S. missile strikes 2879:(Sep. 2018 – April 2019) 2774:U.S.-led missile strikes 2680:Eastern Syria insurgency 2305:Aleppo aid convoy attack 1241:Darayya & Muadamiyat 1184:Tell Hamis and Tell Brak 90:– 12 June 2012 13204:International reactions 13189:Human rights violations 12680:Sinjar Resistance Units 12639:Syriac Military Council 12629:Army of Revolutionaries 12564:of North and East Syria 12424:Syrian National Council 12278:Arab Socialist Movement 12199:Operation Spring Shield 12140:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017) 12120:Lebanese border clashes 12014:Northern border clashes 11975:Northwest clashes (Dec) 11955:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes 11857:Kafr-Takharim airstrike 11706:Northern border clashes 11427:March Damascus bombings 11392:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar) 11345:Palmyra offensive (Dec) 11223:Palmyra offensive (Mar) 11056:Palmyra offensive (May) 10901:Battle of Tabqa Airbase 10896:Eastern Syria offensive 10779:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 9865:, BBC, 4 February 2012. 8809:. BBC News. 7 June 2011 8587:The Wall Street Journal 6839:The Wall Street Journal 5198:International reactions 5057:Syrian National Council 4902:Syrian National Council 4745:الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام 4695:Kurdish Future Movement 4658:"This is a campaign of 4126:الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام 3950:crimes against humanity 3772:Civil uprising in Syria 3720:Australian intervention 3454:Russian Su-24 shootdown 3323:Iranian embassy bombing 2912:Northern border clashes 2661:(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018) 2577:Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019) 1522:Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017) 960:Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014) 768:Civil uprising in Syria 652:September–December 2019 637:September–December 2018 622:September–December 2017 607:September–December 2016 562:September–December 2012 547:September–December 2011 82:15 March 2011 53:and the prelude to the 13468:Arab Spring by country 13381:Syrian detainee report 13267:UN supervision mission 13257:Friends of Syria Group 13179:Damaged heritage sites 12581:Democratic Union Party 12533:Jordanian intervention 12454:Syrian Patriotic Group 12283:Syrian Communist Party 12194:2020 Balyun airstrikes 12049:February 2018 incident 11696:Qamishli clashes (Sep) 11611:Operation Olive Branch 11452:Shayrat missile strike 11285:Aleppo summer campaign 11275:Battle of al-Rai (Aug) 11188:February Homs bombings 11046:Battle of Yarmouk Camp 11036:Second Battle of Idlib 10749:Khan al-Assal massacre 10712:Ghouta chemical attack 10094:Early insurgency phase 6759:Arab Studies Quarterly 6093:. 2012. Archived from 5278: 5211: 5184:Syrian Electronic Army 5155: 5085:Syrian military forces 5005:— Syrian Sufi scholar 5002: 4946: 4869: 4759: 4668: 4606: 4505: 4446: 4430: 4334: 4312: 4214: 4116: 3795:Homs (May–August 2011) 3681:Operation Martyr Muath 3676:Jordanian intervention 3580:Foreign rebel fighters 3381:February 2018 incident 3313:Lebanese–Syrian border 2994:Second Idlib offensive 2987:Operation Peace Spring 2890:Idlib demilitarization 2875:Idlib demilitarization 2673:3rd Northwestern Syria 2656:Operation Olive Branch 2652:Rebels in retreat and 2454:Eastern Homs offensive 1915:2nd Northwestern Syria 1745:1st Northwestern Syria 1051:(May 2012 – Dec. 2013) 791:Homs (May–August 2011) 356:Free Officers Movement 13386:Syrian media coverage 13262:Kofi Annan peace plan 12685:Êzîdxan Women's Units 12634:SDF military councils 12364:military intervention 12337:Hezbollah involvement 12292:Military and militias 12135:North Lebanon clashes 11896:Missile strikes (Jan) 11783:Missile strikes (Aug) 11701:Missile strikes (Sep) 11646:Missile strikes (Apr) 11641:Douma chemical attack 11492:Daraa offensive (Jun) 11183:Al-Shaddadi offensive 11121:Tishrin Dam offensive 11001:Daraa Offensive (Jan) 10996:Air Force An-26 crash 10938:Daraa offensive (Oct) 10822:Deir ez-Zor offensive 10688:Battle of Raqqa (Mar) 10488:First Battle of Idlib 10312:Human rights in Syria 10186:Kurdish Area in Syria 10002:Background and causes 9142:on 19 September 2016. 8348:on 13 September 2011. 7846:. CNN. 7 April 2012. 6988:Middle East Institute 5894:. pp. ii, 4, 9. 5569:Third World Quarterly 5272: 5224:Amnesty International 5205: 5146:'s cartoon depicting 5142: 5038:forced disappearances 5013:Further information: 4970: 4922: 4877:Further information: 4859: 4724: 4656: 4629:On May 15, 2011, the 4600: 4503: 4436: 4424: 4328: 4300: 4200: 4106: 3930:forced disappearances 3654:2014 rescue operation 3328:North Lebanon clashes 2980:First Idlib offensive 2795:3rd Southern Damascus 2768:2nd Southern Damascus 2715:1st Southern Damascus 2379:18th Aleppo offensive 2343:17th Aleppo offensive 2330:16th Aleppo offensive 2310:15th Aleppo offensive 2300:Deir ez-Zor airstrike 2219:4th Latakia offensive 1921:3rd Latakia offensive 1629:U.S.-led intervention 1606:U.S.-led intervention 1489:2nd Latakia offensive 1355:1st Latakia offensive 898:Syrian–Turkish border 689:Background and causes 452:Casualties and losses 200:Expanded civil rights 122:Government corruption 13294:Geneva II conference 13252:Arab League monitors 13229:Spillover in Lebanon 13138:2018 local elections 13103:2011 local elections 12883:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 12644:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa 12470:Syrian National Army 12444:Syrian Support Group 11970:Operation Claw-Sword 11945:Battle of al-Hasakah 11691:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov) 11532:Hama offensive (Sep) 11382:January Azaz bombing 11295:5 September bombings 11066:Tell Abyad offensive 10864:Battle of Al-Malihah 10764:Battle of Tell Abyad 10759:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 10510:May Battle of Rastan 10307:Damascus Declaration 10151:Russian intervention 10109:Syrian peace process 10099:2012–2013 escalation 10082:Phases and processes 10022:Inter-rebel conflict 10007:Syrian peace process 9899:Cooper, Tom (2015). 9415:. BBC. 7 August 2011 9065:United Nations:OHCHR 8745:. 5 September 2011. 8667:– via Haaretz. 8628:United Nations:OHCHR 8317:United Nations:OHCHR 7719:The History of Syria 7609:United Nations:OHCHR 7581:United Nations:OHCHR 7165:– via YouTube. 6796:on 19 February 2017. 6579:Simon & Schuster 6553:United Nations:OHCHR 5671:. pp. 2, 4, 9. 5189:political cartoonist 5091:2023 Syrian protests 4941: Controlled by 4934:Syrian Arab Republic 4932: Controlled by 4860:Protest against the 4687:Hamza Ali al-Khateeb 4679:On May 24, Baathist 4557:Hamza Ali al-Khateeb 4344:shoot-to-kill policy 3986:At the onset of the 3842:, also known as the 3810:1st Jisr ash-Shughur 3664:2017 missile strikes 3561:Iran–Israel conflict 3551:Iranian intervention 3343:Turkish F4 shootdown 3226:3rd Northern clashes 3216:2nd Northern clashes 3205:Northwestern clashes 2788:2nd Eastern Qalamoun 2285:1st Eastern Qalamoun 2116:8th Aleppo offensive 2052:2nd Maarat al-Nu'man 2001:7th Aleppo offensive 1980:al-Qamishli bombings 1975:2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin 1954:6th Aleppo offensive 1937:5th Aleppo offensive 1904:Russian intervention 1889:Russian intervention 1810:4th Aleppo offensive 1675:3rd Aleppo offensive 1665:1st Al-Shaykh Maskin 1650:2014 Idlib city raid 1439:Inter-rebel conflict 1213:Abu al-Duhur Airbase 1198:Nubl & Al-Zahraa 1149:2nd Aleppo offensive 1143:1st Aleppo offensive 806:1st Jisr ash-Shughur 592:August–December 2015 582:August–December 2014 435:forcibly disappeared 258:full-scale civil war 146:Political repression 30:For other uses, see 13184:Foreign involvement 13063:Abdurrahman Mustafa 13018:Yassin al-Haj Saleh 12983:Abdul Halim Khaddam 12495:Army of Free Tribes 12463:Opposition militias 12354:Russian involvement 12342:Iranian involvement 12299:Syrian Armed Forces 12078:Operation al-Shabah 12044:March 2017 incident 11763:Tell Rifaat clashes 11579:Beit Jinn offensive 11572:Abu Kamal offensive 11512:Idlib clashes (Jul) 11482:East Hama offensive 11203:Battle of Tel Abyad 10943:Al-Safira offensive 10933:Homs school bombing 10722:Battle of al-Qusayr 10717:Al-Qusayr offensive 10520:Battle of al-Haffah 10493:Battle of al-Qusayr 10369:May Talkalakh siege 10277:Corrective Movement 10156:Turkish involvement 10146:Russian involvement 9364:The Huffington Post 9040:The Washington Post 8885:on 20 January 2022. 8840:on 9 February 2024. 8601:on 21 February 2015 8298:on 6 November 2023. 8262:The Jerusalemn Post 6979:Middle East Journal 6642:The Washington Post 6481:on 23 January 2016. 6285:The Washington Post 5826:New York Daily News 5733:The Huffington Post 5649:– via JSTOR. 5619:Middle East Journal 5599:– via JSTOR. 5472:"Thawrat Alkaramah" 5061:resistance militias 5007:Muhammad al-Yaqoubi 4786:Rastan and Talbiseh 4481:Military operations 4370:resistance movement 4168:resistance movement 4157:', the protests in 4093:March 2011 uprising 4016:Press Freedom Index 3956:Navi Pillai urging 3815:1st Jabal al-Zawiya 3805:Rastan and Talbiseh 3774:(March–August 2011) 3715:French intervention 3710:German intervention 3585:Turkish involvement 3556:2017 missile strike 3546:Russian involvement 3488:Spillover in Europe 3449:Spillover in Turkey 3429:2017 Tehran attacks 3179:3rd Al-Hasakah city 2244:3rd Al-Hasakah City 2166:Jableh & Tartus 2156:3rd Shaer gas field 2022:2nd Sayyidah Zaynab 1995:1st Sayyidah Zaynab 1800:2nd Al-Hasakah city 1768:1st Al-Hasakah city 1705:Hama/Homs offensive 1685:4th Daraa offensive 1660:2nd Shaer gas field 1640:3rd Daraa offensive 1635:Homs school bombing 1528:1st Shaer gas field 1484:2nd Daraa offensive 1427:(Jan. – Sept. 2014) 1325:Al-Qusayr offensive 1293:1st Daraa offensive 863:Start of insurgency 811:1st Jabal al-Zawiya 801:Rastan and Talbiseh 770:(March–August 2011) 349:Civilian protesters 131:Aftermath of 1970s 13003:Ali Mahmoud Othman 12449:Adopt a Revolution 12412:National Coalition 12404:Interim government 12004:Damascus airstrike 11911:US airstrike (Jun) 11901:US airstrike (Feb) 11867:Deir ez-Zor ambush 11808:Qah missile strike 11686:As-Suwayda attacks 11681:Southern offensive 11522:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug) 11432:Al-Jinah airstrike 11198:Khanasir offensive 10918:Quneitra offensive 10678:Damascus offensive 10673:Battle of Shadadeh 10535:Battle of Damascus 10525:Al-Qubeir massacre 10503:Battle of Taftanaz 10414:Battle of Zabadani 9886:, 4 February 2012. 9743:The New York Times 9670:The New York Times 9597:on 30 October 2011 9477:on 1 February 2013 9324:on 29 August 2023. 9302:on 31 August 2023. 9296:The New York Times 9279:on 26 August 2023. 9257:on 25 August 2023. 9161:on 4 December 2012 9136:Carnegie endowment 9046:on 16 August 2022. 8992:The New York Times 8743:The New York Times 8342:Human Rights Watch 8200:The New York Times 8158:The New York Times 8033:on 28 January 2015 7938:on 17 January 2012 7824:on 16 October 2013 7785:Human Rights Watch 7747:The New York Times 7634:The New York Times 7472:on 3 January 2014. 7398:The New York Times 7381:on 2 January 2014. 7305:The New York Times 7130:Human Rights Watch 6939:The New York Times 6773:– via JSTOR. 6720:The New York Times 6681:on 12 August 2018. 6252:The New York Times 6143:Human Rights Watch 6091:Human Rights Watch 6063:. 18 August 2011. 5702:"The Assad Poison" 5461:The Globe and Mail 5279: 5235:Human Rights Watch 5212: 5156: 5081:aerial bombardment 4980:... Syrians chose 4947: 4897:heavy machine guns 4870: 4760: 4607: 4506: 4473:besieging cities. 4447: 4431: 4382:Human Rights Watch 4335: 4215: 4155:Human Rights Watch 4117: 4029:After winning the 3934:summary executions 3671:Qatari involvement 3425:Spillover in Iran 3221:Deir ez-Zor (2023) 2817:2nd Southern Syria 2612:7th Hama offensive 2595:Euphrates Crossing 2490:Aleppo bus bombing 2465:6th Hama offensive 2336:2nd Raqqa campaign 2325:2nd Western al-Bab 2290:September bombings 2280:1st Western al-Bab 2274:5th Hama offensive 2185:2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa 2007:1st Ithriyah-Raqqa 1960:4th Hama offensive 1847:Kuweires offensive 1655:Nusra–FSA conflict 1547:3rd Hama offensive 1345:2nd Hama offensive 1282:1st Raqqa campaign 1252:1st Hama offensive 642:January–April 2019 627:January–April 2018 612:January–April 2017 597:January–April 2016 567:January–April 2013 552:January–April 2012 537:January–April 2011 194:Democratic reforms 137:1982 Hama massacre 13473:Protests in Syria 13430: 13429: 13408: 13407: 13404: 13403: 13361:Exclusive mandate 13338:War crimes trials 13309:2016 Geneva talks 13076: 13075: 13068:Fadlallah al-Haji 13023:Bouthaina Shaaban 12806: 12805: 12802: 12801: 12798: 12797: 12693: 12692: 12624:Al-Sanadid Forces 12619:Anti-Terror Units 12556: 12555: 12389: 12388: 12304:Syrian Resistance 12260:Politics of Syria 12232: 12231: 12228: 12227: 12224: 12223: 11999:Al-Sukhnah attack 11960:Jarqli airstrikes 11842:COVID-19 pandemic 11798:November bombings 11616:Battle of Khasham 11562:Mayadin offensive 11547:Battle of Harasta 11417:Palmyra offensive 11101:Al-Hawl offensive 11061:Qamishli bombings 10859:Latakia Offensive 10817:Battle of Markada 10630:Battle of Darayya 10606:Battle of Darayya 10530:Battle of Tremseh 10349:Syrian Revolution 10282:Islamist uprising 10234: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10089:Syrian revolution 10032:Cities and towns 9914:978-1-910294-10-9 9211:www.aljazeera.com 9191:978-0-8157-2378-3 9119:on 10 April 2017. 8910:on 7 October 2011 8479:on 30 August 2012 7964:. 25 March 2011. 7728:978-1-4408-5834-5 7703:978-0-19-933062-1 7678:978-0-8122-4867-8 7636:. 18 March 2011. 7307:. 20 March 2011. 7183:. 16 March 2011. 7099:. 19 March 2011. 7014:HighBeam Research 6910:. 15 March 2011. 6878:Al Akhbar English 6814:. 3 February 2011 6507:on 21 March 2017. 6343:on 11 August 2021 6315:on 18 March 2021. 6292:on 30 April 2011. 6115:. 18 March 2011. 6097:on 9 August 2022. 5947:on 9 October 2017 5858:. 19 April 2011. 5485:. 13 March 2012. 5319:Syrian opposition 5273:Demonstration in 5206:Demonstration in 5105:majority city of 4978:Voting Rights Act 4943:Syrian opposition 4927:, 15 March 2012. 4925:Syrian insurgency 4887:continued as the 4879:Syrian insurgency 4868:, 3 February 2012 4753: 4722: 4598: 4467:satellite parties 4329:Demonstration in 4236:Friday of Dignity 4151:Daraa Governorate 4139:Your turn, Doctor 4113:Down with Bashar! 4060:clients loyal to 3954:High Commissioner 3840:Syrian revolution 3833: 3832: 3737: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3705:Dutch involvement 3693:Saudi involvement 3496: 3495: 3464:Balyun airstrikes 3386:May 2018 incident 3348:Reyhanlı bombings 3308:Lebanon spillover 3261: 3260: 3231:Homs drone strike 3101: 3100: 3052:Northern bombings 2946: 2945: 2841: 2840: 2702:3rd Syrian Desert 2620: 2619: 2584:2nd Eastern Syria 2505:2nd Syrian Desert 2484:US Shayrat strike 2407: 2406: 2359:1st Syrian Desert 2094:Aleppo escalation 2060: 2059: 1855: 1854: 1572: 1571: 1534:1st Eastern Syria 1390: 1389: 1350:Bayda and Baniyas 1012: 1011: 829: 828: 587:January–July 2015 577:January–July 2014 572:May–December 2013 482: 481: 472:Syrian opposition 447: 446: 371: 370: 209:Equal rights for 142:Totalitarian rule 67:Demonstration in 44:Syrian revolution 16:(Redirected from 13520: 13420: 13419: 13194:Humanitarian aid 13174:Chemical weapons 13169:Cities and towns 13093: 13092: 13082: 13081: 13038:Fadwa Souleimane 13028:Abdulbaset Sieda 13008:Ibrahim Qashoush 12998:Ali Habib Mahmud 12908:Hamza al-Khateeb 12903:Kamal al-Labwani 12893:Haitham al-Maleh 12888:Suheil al-Hassan 12826:Ammar Abdulhamid 12812: 12811: 12785:Malhama Tactical 12770:Caucasus Emirate 12704: 12703: 12569: 12568: 12475:Free Syrian Army 12400: 12399: 12256: 12255: 12249: 12248: 12238: 12237: 12031: 12030: 11988: 11934: 11880: 11862:Ayn Issa clashes 11831: 11719: 11592: 11517:Central campaign 11412:Qaboun offensive 11358: 11335:Battle of al-Bab 11258:Manbij offensive 11139: 10981: 10844:Al-Otaiba ambush 10797: 10668:Battle of Safira 10653: 10623:Halfaya massacre 10574:Darayya massacre 10557:Siege of Base 46 10552:Battle of Anadan 10547:Battle of Aleppo 10483:Battle of Rastan 10459: 10431:Battle of Rastan 10399:Siege of Latakia 10364:Siege of Baniyas 10330: 10287:Latakia protests 10253: 10252: 10240: 10239: 9992:Syrian civil war 9972: 9971: 9961: 9960: 9953:Syrian civil war 9946: 9939: 9932: 9923: 9922: 9918: 9887: 9875: 9866: 9860: 9854: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9790:Consular Section 9782: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9760: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9734: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9723: 9712: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9698: 9687: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9676: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9652: 9650: 9635: 9629: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9613: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9602: 9593:. Archived from 9586: 9580: 9574: 9568: 9563: 9557: 9556: 9554: 9552: 9541: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9510: 9508: 9493: 9487: 9486: 9484: 9482: 9467: 9461: 9460: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9431: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9420: 9409: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9371: 9354: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9332: 9326: 9325: 9310: 9304: 9303: 9298:. Archived from 9287: 9281: 9280: 9265: 9259: 9258: 9253:. Archived from 9242: 9236: 9235: 9229: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9202: 9196: 9195: 9177: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9166: 9150: 9144: 9143: 9138:. Archived from 9127: 9121: 9120: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9093:. Archived from 9082: 9076: 9075: 9074:on 3 March 2023. 9073: 9062: 9054: 9048: 9047: 9042:. Archived from 9031: 9025: 9024: 9022: 9020: 9009: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8984: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8973: 8957: 8951: 8950: 8948: 8946: 8937:. Archived from 8926: 8920: 8919: 8917: 8915: 8896: 8887: 8886: 8881:. Archived from 8870: 8864: 8863: 8848: 8842: 8841: 8836:. Archived from 8834:Business Insider 8825: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8803: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8783:. 24 June 2011. 8773: 8767: 8766: 8764: 8762: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8705: 8699: 8698: 8696: 8694: 8685:. 30 June 2011. 8675: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8655:. 17 June 2011. 8653:Associated Press 8645: 8639: 8638: 8637:on 3 March 2023. 8636: 8625: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8597:. Archived from 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8416: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8386: 8380: 8379: 8377: 8375: 8359: 8350: 8349: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8326:on 3 March 2023. 8325: 8314: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8284: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8273: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8237: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8219: 8191: 8182: 8181: 8179: 8177: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8138: 8118: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8098:. 10 July 2011. 8088: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8023: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7975: 7973: 7954: 7948: 7947: 7945: 7943: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7919: 7917: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7866: 7860: 7859: 7857: 7855: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7810: 7801: 7800: 7798: 7796: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7749:. 27 June 2012. 7739: 7733: 7732: 7714: 7708: 7707: 7689: 7683: 7682: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7626: 7620: 7619: 7618:on 3 March 2023. 7617: 7606: 7598: 7592: 7591: 7590:on 3 March 2023. 7589: 7578: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7561: 7559: 7540: 7534: 7533: 7531: 7529: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7468:. Archived from 7457: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7438:. 1 January 2021 7428: 7422: 7421: 7419: 7417: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7377:. Archived from 7366: 7360: 7359: 7357: 7355: 7335: 7329: 7328: 7326: 7324: 7297: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7286: 7280: 7269: 7260: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7162: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7141: 7122: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7089: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7075: 7055: 7049: 7048: 7046: 7044: 7024: 7018: 7017: 7011: 7006:. Archived from 6969: 6963: 6962: 6960: 6958: 6930: 6924: 6923: 6921: 6919: 6900: 6894: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6884:on 15 March 2018 6880:. Archived from 6869: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6830: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6804: 6798: 6797: 6792:. Archived from 6781: 6775: 6774: 6750: 6744: 6743: 6741: 6739: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6699:. Archived from 6689: 6683: 6682: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6633: 6624: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6570: 6564: 6563: 6562:on 3 March 2023. 6561: 6550: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6520: 6509: 6508: 6503:. Archived from 6492: 6483: 6482: 6467: 6458: 6457: 6451: 6449: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6418: 6416: 6411:on 22 March 2023 6397: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6383: 6374:. Archived from 6363: 6357: 6356: 6350: 6348: 6339:. Archived from 6328: 6317: 6316: 6311:. Archived from 6300: 6294: 6293: 6288:. Archived from 6275: 6269: 6268: 6266: 6264: 6245:(30 June 2011). 6239: 6233: 6232: 6227: 6225: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6185: 6176: 6175: 6157: 6151: 6150: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6033:. Archived from 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6006:. 28 July 2011. 5996: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5976:. 27 June 2011. 5966: 5957: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5943:. Archived from 5932: 5926: 5920: 5914: 5913: 5907: 5899: 5889: 5878: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5848: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5817: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5735:. Archived from 5724: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5684: 5676: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5560: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5527: 5511: 5498: 5492: 5489: 5478: 5467: 5463:. 13 July 2012. 5452: 5447: 5438: 5427: 5404: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5353: 5348: 5347: 5259:massacre in Hama 5251:Catherine Ashton 5239:Syrian Arab Army 5077:Syrian Air Force 5073:Kurdish language 5053:Free Syrian Army 5042:Security Council 5009: 4940: 4931: 4889:Syrian Arab Navy 4885:Siege of Latakia 4817:Ramadan Massacre 4802:Jisr ash-Shughur 4790:Maarat al-Numaan 4748: 4746: 4723: 4675: 4631:Syrian Arab Army 4599: 4164:Syrian Arab Army 4128: 4127: 3966:Assad government 3958:Security Council 3896:armed insurgency 3892:Free Syrian Army 3880:Syrian Arab Army 3775: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3741: 3740: 3600:Euphrates Shield 3533: 3531: 3521: 3514: 3507: 3498: 3497: 3298: 3296: 3286: 3279: 3272: 3263: 3262: 3134: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3103: 3102: 3068:5th Northwestern 3020:Raqqa & Azaz 3009:4th Northwestern 2998: 2995: 2988: 2981: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2948: 2947: 2918:Daraa insurgency 2880: 2876: 2866: 2859: 2852: 2843: 2842: 2752:10th Rif Dimashq 2662: 2657: 2645: 2638: 2631: 2622: 2621: 2590:Deir ez-Zor city 2444: 2439:Collapse of the 2432: 2425: 2418: 2409: 2408: 2106: 2103: 2101:Euphrates Shield 2095: 2085: 2078: 2071: 2062: 2061: 2042:2nd Al-Qaryatayn 1893: 1890: 1880: 1873: 1866: 1857: 1856: 1832:1st al-Qaryatayn 1780:Daraa/As-Suwayda 1739:2nd Yarmouk camp 1729:Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya 1618: 1607: 1597: 1590: 1583: 1574: 1573: 1464:al-Otaiba ambush 1428: 1425: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1392: 1391: 1228:1st Yarmouk camp 1157:Syrian Kurdistan 1052: 1037: 1030: 1023: 1014: 1013: 867: 864: 854: 847: 840: 831: 830: 771: 760: 753: 746: 737: 736: 517: 516:Syrian civil war 508: 501: 494: 485: 484: 419: 418: 393:Ali Habib Mahmud 335: 334: 333: 282: 281: 271: 270: 225:Civil resistance 188:Overthrowing of 161:of ruling elites 97: 95: 89: 87: 65: 55:Syrian civil war 41: 40: 21: 13528: 13527: 13523: 13522: 13521: 13519: 13518: 13517: 13433: 13432: 13431: 13426: 13400: 13349: 13333: 13238: 13152: 13087: 13072: 13053:Razan Zaitouneh 12958:Burhan Ghalioun 12933:Ammar al-Qurabi 12841:al-Assad family 12831:Ali al-Abdallah 12817: 12794: 12780:Junud al-Makhdi 12775:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 12745: 12689: 12653: 12595: 12573:DFNS Government 12563: 12552: 12528:US intervention 12520:Foreign support 12514: 12458: 12385: 12347:Liwa Fatemiyoun 12329:Foreign support 12323: 12314:al-Quds Brigade 12287: 12243: 12220: 12203: 12144: 12125:Battle of Sidon 12105: 12087: 12058: 12018: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11728: 11724: 11720: 11715: 11710: 11601: 11597: 11593: 11588: 11583: 11487:Battle of Raqqa 11442:Battle of Tabqa 11367: 11363: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11315:Dabiq offensive 11263:Tokhar massacre 11148: 11144: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11071:Kobanî massacre 11031:Idlib Offensive 11026:Battle of Bosra 10986: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10928:Siege of Kobanî 10884:Battle of Arsal 10849:Idlib offensive 10829:Battle of Morek 10802: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10695:Daraa offensive 10658: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10596:Battle of Harem 10468: 10464: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10419:Battle of Douma 10339: 10335: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10292:Damascus Spring 10247: 10226: 10205: 10201:U.S. task force 10196:Rojava conflict 10134: 10113: 10077: 10046: 9966: 9955: 9950: 9915: 9895: 9890: 9883:Daily Telegraph 9876: 9869: 9861: 9857: 9847: 9845: 9840: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9809: 9805: 9795: 9793: 9784: 9783: 9779: 9769: 9767: 9762: 9761: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9735: 9731: 9721: 9719: 9714: 9713: 9706: 9696: 9694: 9689: 9688: 9684: 9674: 9672: 9662: 9658: 9648: 9646: 9645:on 31 July 2011 9637: 9636: 9632: 9622: 9620: 9615: 9614: 9610: 9600: 9598: 9587: 9583: 9575: 9571: 9564: 9560: 9550: 9548: 9543: 9542: 9538: 9528: 9526: 9520: 9516: 9506: 9504: 9503:). 9 April 2011 9499:. Reuters (via 9495: 9494: 9490: 9480: 9478: 9469: 9468: 9464: 9455: 9454: 9450: 9440: 9438: 9433: 9432: 9428: 9418: 9416: 9411: 9410: 9406: 9396: 9394: 9383: 9379: 9369: 9367: 9355: 9351: 9341: 9339: 9334: 9333: 9329: 9318:Asharq al-Awsat 9312: 9311: 9307: 9288: 9284: 9267: 9266: 9262: 9243: 9239: 9223: 9222: 9215: 9213: 9203: 9199: 9192: 9178: 9174: 9164: 9162: 9151: 9147: 9128: 9124: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9097:on 17 May 2023. 9083: 9079: 9071: 9060: 9056: 9055: 9051: 9032: 9028: 9018: 9016: 9011: 9010: 9006: 8996: 8994: 8986: 8985: 8981: 8971: 8969: 8958: 8954: 8944: 8942: 8941:on 11 June 2011 8927: 8923: 8913: 8911: 8898: 8897: 8890: 8871: 8867: 8862:on 9 June 2011. 8850: 8849: 8845: 8826: 8822: 8812: 8810: 8805: 8804: 8800: 8790: 8788: 8775: 8774: 8770: 8760: 8758: 8737: 8736: 8732: 8722: 8720: 8715:. 1 July 2011. 8707: 8706: 8702: 8692: 8690: 8677: 8676: 8672: 8662: 8660: 8647: 8646: 8642: 8634: 8623: 8619: 8618: 8614: 8604: 8602: 8579: 8575: 8565: 8563: 8554: 8553: 8549: 8539: 8537: 8526: 8522: 8512: 8510: 8505:. 24 May 2011. 8497: 8496: 8492: 8482: 8480: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8444: 8440: 8430: 8428: 8417: 8413: 8403: 8401: 8388: 8387: 8383: 8373: 8371: 8360: 8353: 8336: 8335: 8331: 8323: 8312: 8308: 8307: 8303: 8286: 8285: 8281: 8271: 8269: 8264:. 5 July 2011. 8256: 8255: 8251: 8243: 8239: 8238: 8227: 8217: 8215: 8192: 8185: 8175: 8173: 8150: 8146: 8136: 8134: 8119: 8115: 8105: 8103: 8090: 8089: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8050: 8046: 8036: 8034: 8025: 8024: 8020: 8010: 8008: 7985: 7981: 7971: 7969: 7956: 7955: 7951: 7941: 7939: 7930: 7929: 7925: 7915: 7913: 7898: 7894: 7884: 7882: 7867: 7863: 7853: 7851: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7812: 7811: 7804: 7794: 7792: 7787:. 3 July 2012. 7779: 7778: 7774: 7764: 7762: 7741: 7740: 7736: 7729: 7715: 7711: 7704: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7628: 7627: 7623: 7615: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7595: 7587: 7576: 7572: 7571: 7567: 7557: 7555: 7542: 7541: 7537: 7527: 7525: 7512: 7511: 7507: 7497: 7495: 7482: 7481: 7477: 7458: 7451: 7441: 7439: 7430: 7429: 7425: 7415: 7413: 7390: 7386: 7367: 7363: 7353: 7351: 7344:Digital Journal 7336: 7332: 7322: 7320: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7284: 7282: 7278: 7267: 7261: 7254: 7244: 7242: 7233: 7232: 7228: 7219: 7217: 7204: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7160: 7158: 7154: 7153: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7132:. 1 June 2011. 7124: 7123: 7116: 7106: 7104: 7091: 7090: 7083: 7073: 7071: 7056: 7052: 7042: 7040: 7025: 7021: 6996:10.3751/68.1.12 6970: 6966: 6956: 6954: 6931: 6927: 6917: 6915: 6902: 6901: 6897: 6887: 6885: 6870: 6866: 6856: 6854: 6831: 6827: 6817: 6815: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6782: 6778: 6751: 6747: 6737: 6735: 6712: 6708: 6691: 6690: 6686: 6669: 6668: 6664: 6654: 6652: 6634: 6627: 6617: 6615: 6600: 6596: 6589: 6571: 6567: 6559: 6548: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6534:on 12 May 2023. 6522: 6521: 6512: 6493: 6486: 6469: 6468: 6461: 6447: 6445: 6444:on 20 June 2011 6432: 6431: 6427: 6414: 6412: 6399: 6398: 6394: 6381: 6379: 6378:on 7 March 2023 6364: 6360: 6346: 6344: 6329: 6320: 6301: 6297: 6276: 6272: 6262: 6260: 6240: 6236: 6223: 6221: 6204: 6200: 6187: 6186: 6179: 6172: 6158: 6154: 6149:on 8 July 2015. 6137: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6070: 6068: 6055: 6054: 6050: 6040: 6038: 6037:on 4 March 2016 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 5998: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5968: 5967: 5960: 5950: 5948: 5933: 5929: 5921: 5917: 5901: 5900: 5887: 5879: 5875: 5865: 5863: 5850: 5849: 5845: 5835: 5833: 5818: 5814: 5804: 5802: 5787: 5783: 5773: 5771: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5739:on 3 March 2016 5725: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5698: 5694: 5678: 5677: 5661: 5657: 5631:10.3751/68.1.12 5611: 5607: 5561: 5557: 5547: 5545: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5514: 5499: 5495: 5481: 5470: 5455: 5445: 5441: 5430: 5405: 5401: 5396: 5365:Politics portal 5363: 5356: 5349: 5342: 5339: 5200: 5148:Bashar al-Assad 5137: 5131: 5099: 5093: 5017: 5011: 5004: 4982:Fares al-Khoury 4968: 4954:, president of 4952:Bashar al-Assad 4945: 4938: 4936: 4929: 4917: 4881: 4875: 4864:in the city of 4854: 4846:Bashar al-Assad 4775:Jisr ash-Shugur 4713: 4711: 4677: 4670: 4624:Jisr al-Shuggur 4603:Jisr ash-Shugur 4588: 4586: 4580: 4498: 4493: 4485:Main articles: 4483: 4445:on 23 May 2011. 4419: 4413: 4390:Baathist regime 4323: 4317: 4243:Fourth Division 4143:Bashar al-Assad 4109:liyaskuṭ Bašhār 4101: 4095: 4090: 3992:Ba'athist Syria 3984: 3974: 3936:, show-trials, 3884:armed rebellion 3868:Bashar al-Assad 3836: 3835: 3834: 3829: 3776: 3770: 3768: 3738: 3729: 3725:UK intervention 3649:List of attacks 3639:US intervention 3615:Afrin operation 3605:2017 airstrikes 3534: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3492: 3484: 3483: 3475: 3445: 3422: 3411:Western Nineveh 3392: 3372: 3364: 3334: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3257: 3189:Jabal al-Bishrī 3135: 3132: 3130: 3097: 2999: 2993: 2986: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2942: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2837: 2663: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2649: 2616: 2445: 2438: 2436: 2403: 2256:Northern al-Bab 2190:9th Rif Dimashq 2151:8th Rif Dimashq 2146:Aleppo bombings 2107: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2056: 1928:Su-24 shootdown 1894: 1888: 1886: 1884: 1851: 1842:7th Rif Dimashq 1619: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1568: 1552:6th Rif Dimashq 1445:Northern Aleppo 1429: 1423: 1421: 1419: 1386: 1370:5th Rif Dimashq 1305:Jdaidet al-Fadl 1299:4th Rif Dimashq 1223:3rd Rif Dimashq 1203:2nd Rif Dimashq 1169:Hasaka campaign 1127:Menagh Air Base 1053: 1043: 1041: 1008: 942:1st Rif Dimashq 903:Jabal al-Zawiya 868: 862: 860: 858: 825: 772: 766: 764: 731: 684: 654: 647:May–August 2019 632:May–August 2018 617:May–August 2017 602:May–August 2016 557:May–August 2012 542:May–August 2011 519: 515: 512: 461: 443: 440: 438: 428: 425: 408: 407: 400: 395: 391: 387: 385:Bashar al-Assad 367: 340: 331: 329: 324: 286: 276: 190:Bashar al-Assad 154:Damascus Spring 111: 98: 93: 91: 85: 83: 74: 72: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13526: 13516: 13515: 13510: 13505: 13500: 13495: 13490: 13485: 13480: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13428: 13427: 13425: 13424: 13413: 13410: 13409: 13406: 13405: 13402: 13401: 13399: 13398: 13393: 13388: 13383: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13357: 13355: 13354:Related topics 13351: 13350: 13348: 13347: 13341: 13339: 13335: 13334: 13332: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13284:39th G8 summit 13281: 13276: 13271: 13270: 13269: 13259: 13254: 13248: 13246: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13160: 13158: 13154: 13153: 13151: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13099: 13097: 13089: 13088: 13078: 13077: 13074: 13073: 13071: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12993:Bassma Kodmani 12990: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12963:Razan Ghazzawi 12960: 12955: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12913:Tal al-Mallohi 12910: 12905: 12900: 12898:Moaz al-Khatib 12895: 12890: 12885: 12880: 12878:Anwar al-Bunni 12875: 12870: 12869: 12868: 12866:Hafez Makhlouf 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12838: 12836:Adnan al-Aroor 12833: 12828: 12822: 12819: 12818: 12808: 12807: 12804: 12803: 12800: 12799: 12796: 12795: 12793: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12760:Tahrir al-Sham 12756: 12754: 12747: 12746: 12744: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12712: 12710: 12701: 12695: 12694: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12687: 12682: 12677: 12672: 12667: 12661: 12659: 12655: 12654: 12652: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12605: 12603: 12597: 12596: 12594: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12577: 12575: 12566: 12558: 12557: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12550: 12545: 12540: 12535: 12530: 12524: 12522: 12516: 12515: 12513: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12472: 12466: 12464: 12460: 12459: 12457: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12420: 12419: 12408: 12406: 12397: 12391: 12390: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12372: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12351: 12350: 12349: 12339: 12333: 12331: 12325: 12324: 12322: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12295: 12293: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12264: 12262: 12253: 12245: 12244: 12234: 12233: 12230: 12229: 12226: 12225: 12222: 12221: 12219: 12218: 12211: 12209: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12155: 12153: 12146: 12145: 12143: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12116: 12114: 12107: 12106: 12104: 12103: 12097: 12095: 12089: 12088: 12086: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12073:Akashat ambush 12069: 12067: 12060: 12059: 12057: 12056: 12051: 12046: 12040: 12038: 12028: 12020: 12019: 12017: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11995: 11993: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11941: 11939: 11927: 11926: 11924: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11887: 11885: 11873: 11872: 11870: 11869: 11864: 11859: 11854: 11849: 11844: 11838: 11836: 11824: 11823: 11821: 11820: 11815: 11810: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11755: 11750: 11745: 11743:Manbij bombing 11740: 11734: 11732: 11712: 11711: 11709: 11708: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11688: 11683: 11678: 11673: 11668: 11663: 11658: 11653: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11607: 11605: 11585: 11584: 11582: 11581: 11576: 11575: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11549: 11544: 11539: 11534: 11529: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11504: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11464: 11459: 11457:Aleppo bombing 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11434: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11409: 11404: 11399: 11394: 11389: 11384: 11379: 11373: 11371: 11351: 11350: 11348: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11330:Raqqa campaign 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11266: 11265: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11195: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11154: 11152: 11132: 11131: 11129: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10992: 10990: 10974: 10973: 10971: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10913:Hama Offensive 10910: 10905: 10904: 10903: 10893: 10888: 10887: 10886: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10854:Battle of Hosn 10851: 10846: 10841: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10825: 10824: 10819: 10808: 10806: 10790: 10789: 10787: 10786: 10781: 10776: 10771: 10766: 10761: 10756: 10751: 10746: 10741: 10739:Hatla massacre 10736: 10734:Hama offensive 10731: 10726: 10725: 10724: 10714: 10709: 10708: 10707: 10697: 10692: 10691: 10690: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10664: 10662: 10646: 10645: 10643: 10642: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10626: 10625: 10618:Hama offensive 10615: 10613:Aqrab massacre 10610: 10609: 10608: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10577: 10576: 10566: 10561: 10560: 10559: 10554: 10544: 10543: 10542: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10515:Houla massacre 10512: 10507: 10506: 10505: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10480: 10474: 10472: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10422: 10421: 10416: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10359:Siege of Daraa 10356: 10351: 10345: 10343: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10297:Qamishli riots 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10263: 10261: 10249: 10248: 10236: 10235: 10232: 10231: 10228: 10227: 10225: 10224: 10219: 10213: 10211: 10207: 10206: 10204: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10142: 10140: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10132: 10127: 10121: 10119: 10118:World reaction 10115: 10114: 10112: 10111: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10085: 10083: 10079: 10078: 10076: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10054: 10052: 10048: 10047: 10045: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9978: 9976: 9975:Main overviews 9968: 9967: 9957: 9956: 9949: 9948: 9941: 9934: 9926: 9920: 9919: 9913: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9888: 9867: 9855: 9833: 9803: 9777: 9755: 9729: 9704: 9682: 9656: 9630: 9608: 9589:Zogby, James. 9581: 9569: 9558: 9536: 9522:Lebanon News. 9514: 9488: 9462: 9448: 9426: 9404: 9377: 9349: 9327: 9305: 9282: 9260: 9237: 9197: 9190: 9172: 9145: 9122: 9100: 9077: 9049: 9026: 9004: 8979: 8952: 8921: 8888: 8865: 8843: 8820: 8798: 8768: 8730: 8700: 8670: 8640: 8612: 8573: 8558:. Al Jazeera. 8547: 8532:. Al Jazeera. 8520: 8490: 8464: 8438: 8411: 8396:. 5 May 2011. 8381: 8366:. Al Jazeera. 8351: 8329: 8301: 8279: 8249: 8225: 8183: 8144: 8113: 8083: 8044: 8018: 7979: 7949: 7923: 7892: 7861: 7835: 7802: 7772: 7734: 7727: 7709: 7702: 7684: 7677: 7659: 7621: 7593: 7565: 7554:on 11 May 2011 7535: 7524:on 11 May 2011 7505: 7475: 7449: 7423: 7384: 7361: 7330: 7292: 7252: 7226: 7198: 7168: 7147: 7114: 7081: 7050: 7019: 6964: 6925: 6895: 6864: 6825: 6799: 6776: 6765:(4): 442–461. 6745: 6706: 6703:on 8 May 2010. 6684: 6662: 6625: 6594: 6587: 6565: 6537: 6510: 6484: 6459: 6425: 6392: 6358: 6337:Foreign Policy 6318: 6295: 6270: 6243:Anthony Shadid 6234: 6198: 6177: 6170: 6152: 6130: 6100: 6078: 6048: 6021: 5991: 5958: 5927: 5915: 5873: 5843: 5812: 5781: 5750: 5719: 5708:on 11 May 2011 5692: 5655: 5605: 5555: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5503: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5479: 5468: 5453: 5439: 5428: 5418:(1): 137–165. 5398: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5354: 5338: 5335: 5243:New York Times 5220:European Union 5199: 5196: 5167:media blackout 5130: 5127: 5095:Main article: 5092: 5089: 5029:European Union 5025:United Nations 4969: 4967: 4964: 4937: 4928: 4916: 4913: 4874: 4871: 4853: 4850: 4710: 4709:June–July 2011 4707: 4660:mass terrorism 4655: 4605:on 5 May 2011. 4579: 4576: 4497: 4494: 4482: 4479: 4415:Main article: 4412: 4409: 4319:Main article: 4316: 4313: 4308:occupied Golan 4260:Hafez al-Assad 4247:Maher al-Assad 4097:Main article: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4050:Iraqi conflict 4006:, independent 3973: 3970: 3911:United Nations 3831: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3777: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3701: 3700: 3690: 3688:Lebanon's role 3685: 3684: 3683: 3673: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3661: 3656: 3651: 3646: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3623: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3582: 3571: 3570: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3548: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3524: 3523: 3516: 3509: 3501: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3490: 3482: 3481: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3444: 3443: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3421: 3420: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3391: 3390: 3389: 3388: 3383: 3371: 3370: 3363: 3362: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3333: 3332: 3331: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3289: 3288: 3281: 3274: 3266: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3106: 3099: 3098: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3084: 3083: 3076: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3041:2nd Ras al-Ayn 3032: 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2974: 2973: 2966: 2959: 2951: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2940: 2939: 2938: 2936:U.S. airstrike 2930:Baghuz Fawqani 2926: 2924:Manbij bombing 2921: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2869: 2868: 2861: 2854: 2846: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2828:3rd As-Suwayda 2825: 2823:2nd As-Suwayda 2820: 2813: 2811:1st As-Suwayda 2808: 2806:House of Cards 2803: 2798: 2791: 2784: 2777: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2737: 2736: 2733:SDF insurgency 2729: 2717: 2712: 2711: 2710: 2698: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2676: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2633: 2625: 2618: 2617: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2608: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2580: 2573: 2566: 2561: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2532:Southern Raqqa 2529: 2524: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2492: 2487: 2480: 2475: 2468: 2461: 2459:al-Jina mosque 2456: 2450: 2447: 2446: 2435: 2434: 2427: 2420: 2412: 2405: 2404: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2339: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2181: 2180: 2168: 2163: 2161:Northern Raqqa 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2109: 2108: 2088: 2087: 2080: 2073: 2065: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2014: 2009: 2004: 1997: 1992: 1987: 1982: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1950: 1948:Homs offensive 1945: 1940: 1933: 1932: 1931: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1883: 1882: 1875: 1868: 1860: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1753: 1748: 1741: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1722:2nd Idlib city 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1690:Southern Syria 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1600: 1599: 1592: 1585: 1577: 1570: 1569: 1567: 1566: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1542: 1530: 1525: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1506: 1501: 1496: 1494:4th Idlib Gov. 1491: 1486: 1481: 1476: 1471: 1466: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1452: 1447: 1434: 1431: 1430: 1418: 1417: 1410: 1403: 1395: 1388: 1387: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1372: 1367: 1362: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1339:Eastern Ghouta 1335: 1334: 1333: 1321: 1320: 1319: 1312: 1307: 1295: 1290: 1278: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1249: 1244: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1200: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1124: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1098: 1095:3rd Idlib Gov. 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1069: 1064: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1049:Rebel advances 1040: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1017: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1004: 997:2nd Idlib Gov. 994: 989: 984: 983: 982: 970: 969: 968: 956: 955: 954: 949: 939: 932: 927: 922: 917: 916: 915: 910: 908:1st Idlib City 905: 900: 892:1st Idlib Gov. 888: 887: 886: 884:Homs offensive 878:Homs (2011–14) 873: 870: 869: 857: 856: 849: 842: 834: 827: 826: 824: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 777: 774: 773: 763: 762: 755: 748: 740: 733: 732: 730: 729: 722: 715: 714: 713: 699: 692: 683: 682: 681: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 604: 599: 594: 589: 584: 579: 574: 569: 564: 559: 554: 549: 544: 539: 531: 530: 524: 521: 520: 511: 510: 503: 496: 488: 480: 479: 474:used the same 467: 466: 454: 453: 449: 448: 445: 444: 431: 429: 422: 415: 414: 410: 409: 401: 389:Maher al-Assad 382: 381: 378: 377: 373: 372: 369: 368: 366: 365: 360: 359: 358: 350: 347: 327: 325: 323: 322: 319: 314: 308: 303: 298: 293: 274: 267: 266: 262: 261: 250: 246: 245: 244: 243: 237: 235:Demonstrations 232: 227: 220: 216: 215: 214: 213: 207: 204: 201: 198: 195: 192: 184: 180: 179: 178: 177: 172: 165: 162: 156: 150: 147: 144: 139: 129: 124: 117: 113: 112: 107: 105: 101: 100: 80: 76: 75: 66: 58: 57: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13525: 13514: 13511: 13509: 13506: 13504: 13501: 13499: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13489: 13486: 13484: 13481: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13458:2011 protests 13456: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13448:2011 in Syria 13446: 13444: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13423: 13415: 13414: 13411: 13397: 13394: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13382: 13379: 13377: 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13362: 13359: 13358: 13356: 13352: 13346: 13343: 13342: 13340: 13336: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13268: 13265: 13264: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13253: 13250: 13249: 13247: 13245: 13244:Peace process 13241: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13161: 13159: 13155: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13098: 13094: 13090: 13083: 13079: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13048:Yaser Tabbara 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13013:Dawoud Rajiha 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12968:Ghassan Hitto 12966: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12938:Suheir Atassi 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12918:Fida al-Sayed 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12873:Riad al-Asaad 12871: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12861:Rami Makhlouf 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12847: 12844: 12843: 12842: 12839: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12827: 12824: 12823: 12820: 12813: 12809: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12748: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12709: 12708:Islamic State 12705: 12702: 12700: 12696: 12686: 12683: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12660: 12656: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12606: 12604: 12602: 12598: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12578: 12576: 12574: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12559: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12531: 12529: 12526: 12525: 12523: 12521: 12517: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12485:Army of Glory 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12471: 12468: 12467: 12465: 12461: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12418: 12415: 12414: 12413: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12392: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12370: 12367: 12365: 12362: 12360: 12357: 12356: 12355: 12352: 12348: 12345: 12344: 12343: 12340: 12338: 12335: 12334: 12332: 12330: 12326: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12296: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12265: 12263: 12261: 12257: 12254: 12250: 12246: 12239: 12235: 12216: 12213: 12212: 12210: 12206: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12147: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12117: 12115: 12112: 12108: 12102: 12099: 12098: 12096: 12094: 12090: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12061: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12042: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12032: 12029: 12027: 12026: 12021: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11996: 11994: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11942: 11940: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11916:Daraa clashes 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11868: 11865: 11863: 11860: 11858: 11855: 11853: 11850: 11848: 11847:Afrin bombing 11845: 11843: 11840: 11839: 11837: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11819: 11818:US airstrikes 11816: 11814: 11811: 11809: 11806: 11804: 11801: 11799: 11796: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11774: 11773:June bombings 11771: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11731: 11727: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11707: 11704: 11702: 11699: 11697: 11694: 11692: 11689: 11687: 11684: 11682: 11679: 11677: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11667: 11664: 11662: 11659: 11657: 11654: 11652: 11649: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11604: 11600: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11580: 11577: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11558: 11555: 11554: 11553: 11550: 11548: 11545: 11543: 11540: 11538: 11535: 11533: 11530: 11528: 11525: 11523: 11520: 11518: 11515: 11513: 11510: 11508: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11468: 11465: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11453: 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11366: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11264: 11261: 11260: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11174: 11171: 11169: 11166: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11147: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10989: 10985: 10980: 10975: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10902: 10899: 10898: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10885: 10882: 10881: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10845: 10842: 10840: 10839:Maan massacre 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10814: 10813: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10805: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10785: 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10754:Adra massacre 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10723: 10720: 10719: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10706: 10703: 10702: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10689: 10686: 10685: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10661: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10641: 10638: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10624: 10621: 10620: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10607: 10604: 10603: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10575: 10572: 10571: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10549: 10548: 10545: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10471: 10467: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10411: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10389:Siege of Homs 10387: 10385: 10384:Siege of Hama 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10346: 10344: 10342: 10338: 10334: 10329: 10324: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10254: 10250: 10246: 10241: 10237: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10208: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10143: 10141: 10137: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10122: 10120: 10116: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10086: 10084: 10080: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10049: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10017:Belligerents 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9973: 9969: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9947: 9942: 9940: 9935: 9933: 9928: 9927: 9924: 9916: 9910: 9906: 9902: 9897: 9896: 9885: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9872: 9864: 9859: 9843: 9837: 9822: 9821:National Post 9818: 9817:News - Reuter 9814: 9807: 9791: 9787: 9781: 9765: 9759: 9744: 9740: 9733: 9717: 9711: 9709: 9692: 9686: 9671: 9667: 9660: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9618: 9612: 9596: 9592: 9585: 9578: 9573: 9567: 9562: 9546: 9540: 9525: 9518: 9502: 9498: 9492: 9476: 9472: 9466: 9458: 9452: 9436: 9430: 9414: 9408: 9392: 9388: 9381: 9366: 9365: 9360: 9353: 9337: 9331: 9323: 9319: 9315: 9309: 9301: 9297: 9293: 9286: 9278: 9274: 9270: 9264: 9256: 9252: 9248: 9241: 9233: 9227: 9212: 9208: 9201: 9193: 9187: 9183: 9176: 9160: 9156: 9149: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9126: 9118: 9114: 9110: 9104: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9081: 9070: 9066: 9059: 9053: 9045: 9041: 9037: 9030: 9014: 9008: 8993: 8989: 8983: 8967: 8963: 8956: 8940: 8936: 8932: 8925: 8909: 8905: 8901: 8895: 8893: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8869: 8861: 8857: 8853: 8847: 8839: 8835: 8831: 8824: 8808: 8802: 8786: 8782: 8778: 8772: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8704: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8674: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8644: 8633: 8629: 8622: 8616: 8600: 8596: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8551: 8535: 8531: 8524: 8508: 8504: 8500: 8494: 8478: 8474: 8468: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8426: 8422: 8415: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8385: 8369: 8365: 8358: 8356: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8333: 8322: 8318: 8311: 8305: 8297: 8293: 8289: 8283: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8242: 8236: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8197: 8190: 8188: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8148: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8117: 8101: 8097: 8093: 8087: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8006: 8002: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7953: 7937: 7933: 7927: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7896: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7849: 7845: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7809: 7807: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7776: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7738: 7730: 7724: 7720: 7713: 7705: 7699: 7695: 7688: 7680: 7674: 7670: 7663: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7635: 7631: 7625: 7614: 7610: 7603: 7597: 7586: 7582: 7575: 7569: 7553: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7515: 7509: 7493: 7490:(in Arabic). 7489: 7485: 7479: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7456: 7454: 7437: 7433: 7427: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7395: 7388: 7380: 7376: 7372: 7365: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7334: 7318: 7314: 7310: 7306: 7302: 7296: 7277: 7273: 7266: 7259: 7257: 7240: 7236: 7230: 7215: 7211: 7210: 7202: 7186: 7182: 7178: 7172: 7157: 7151: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7121: 7119: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7088: 7086: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7054: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7023: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6968: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6940: 6936: 6929: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6868: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6829: 6813: 6809: 6803: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6780: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6760: 6756: 6749: 6733: 6729: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6710: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6688: 6680: 6676: 6675:The Economist 6672: 6666: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6632: 6630: 6613: 6609: 6605: 6598: 6590: 6588:9781471129827 6584: 6580: 6576: 6569: 6558: 6554: 6547: 6541: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6491: 6489: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6466: 6464: 6456: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6429: 6422: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6389: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6362: 6355: 6354:dictatorship. 6342: 6338: 6334: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6299: 6291: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6274: 6258: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6231: 6219: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6202: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6182: 6173: 6171:9781452561226 6167: 6163: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6113:The Telegraph 6110: 6104: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6082: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6052: 6036: 6032: 6025: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5995: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5931: 5925:, p. 21. 5924: 5923:Cooper (2015) 5919: 5911: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5885: 5877: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5816: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5754: 5738: 5734: 5730: 5723: 5707: 5703: 5696: 5688: 5682: 5675: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5559: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5526: 5522: 5508: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5497: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5366: 5360: 5355: 5352: 5346: 5341: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5276: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5249:On 22 March, 5247: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5209: 5204: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5185: 5179: 5177: 5172: 5168: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5144:Carlos Latuff 5141: 5136: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5049: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5008: 5001: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4974:United States 4963: 4961: 4957: 4953: 4944: 4935: 4926: 4921: 4912: 4910: 4905: 4903: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4849: 4847: 4843: 4842:William Hague 4840: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4807: 4803: 4798: 4794: 4791: 4787: 4782: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4757: 4751: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4727:flag of Syria 4706: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4683: 4676: 4674: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4654: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4604: 4585: 4575: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4558: 4552: 4550: 4546: 4543:By 28 April, 4541: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4529: 4528:Assad dynasty 4525: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4502: 4492: 4488: 4478: 4474: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4358: 4351: 4349: 4345: 4341: 4332: 4327: 4322: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4295: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4239: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4199: 4195: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4085: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4074:Hosni Mubarak 4070: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4044: 4039: 4038: 4037:The Economist 4032: 4027: 4025: 4024:secret police 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3946:shoot-to-kill 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3922:secret police 3919: 3914: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3899: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3871: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3841: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3782: 3779: 3773: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3696: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3659:May 2015 raid 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3634: 3628: 3627:Israel's role 3625: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3576: 3575: 3569: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3522: 3517: 3515: 3510: 3508: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3489: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3477: 3476: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3459:Andrei Karlov 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3394: 3393: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3361: 3360:Kurdish riots 3358: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3309: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3187: 3185: 3182: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3138: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3081: 3080:Spring Shield 3077: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3047:Kayla Mueller 3045: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2982: 2972: 2967: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2884: 2877: 2867: 2862: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2848: 2847: 2844: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2818: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2789: 2785: 2783: 2782: 2781:Northern Homs 2778: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2684: 2682: 2681: 2677: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2666: 2659: 2658: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2634: 2632: 2627: 2626: 2623: 2613: 2610: 2606: 2605:2nd Abu Kamal 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2572: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2559: 2558:Central Syria 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2479: 2478:Khan Shaykhun 2476: 2474: 2473: 2469: 2467: 2466: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2441:Islamic State 2433: 2428: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2413: 2410: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2364:Azaz bombings 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2224:1st Abu Kamal 2222: 2220: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2110: 2104: 2102: 2096: 2086: 2081: 2079: 2074: 2072: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2032:2nd Tel Abyad 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2017:Homs bombings 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1993: 1991: 1988: 1986: 1985:Orontes River 1983: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1923: 1922: 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1900: 1897: 1891: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1827: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1752: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1742: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1716:5th Idlib Gov 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1622: 1616: 1615:ISIL advances 1612: 1608: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1586: 1584: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1565: 1564: 1560: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1540:Tabqa Airbase 1538: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1504:2nd Wadi Deif 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1426: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1383: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1331:2nd al-Qusayr 1329: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1218:Quneitra Gov. 1216: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1179:al-Yaarubiyah 1177: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1138: 1137:Khan al-Assal 1135: 1133: 1130: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1074: 1073:Northern Homs 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1046: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1003: 1000: 999: 998: 995: 993: 992:1st al-Qusayr 990: 988: 985: 981: 978: 977: 976: 975: 971: 967: 964: 963: 962: 961: 957: 953: 950: 948: 945: 944: 943: 940: 938: 937: 933: 931: 928: 926: 923: 921: 918: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 895: 894: 893: 889: 885: 882: 881: 880: 879: 875: 874: 871: 865: 855: 850: 848: 843: 841: 836: 835: 832: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 778: 775: 769: 761: 756: 754: 749: 747: 742: 741: 738: 734: 728: 727: 723: 721: 720: 716: 712: 711: 707: 706: 705: 704: 700: 698: 697: 693: 691: 690: 686: 685: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 603: 600: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 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Group 12242:Belligerents 12024: 11985: 11931: 11877: 11828: 11793:Barisha raid 11716: 11589: 11355: 11136: 10978: 10794: 10650: 10456: 10327: 10257: 10088: 9900: 9881: 9858: 9846:. 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Retrieved 8991: 8988:"Syria News" 8982: 8970:. Retrieved 8965: 8955: 8943:. Retrieved 8939:the original 8934: 8924: 8912:. Retrieved 8908:the original 8903: 8883:the original 8879:The Guardian 8878: 8868: 8860:the original 8855: 8846: 8838:the original 8833: 8823: 8811:. Retrieved 8801: 8789:. Retrieved 8780: 8771: 8759:. Retrieved 8742: 8733: 8721:. Retrieved 8712: 8703: 8691:. Retrieved 8682: 8673: 8661:. Retrieved 8652: 8643: 8632:the original 8627: 8615: 8603:. Retrieved 8599:the original 8586: 8576: 8566:29 September 8564:. Retrieved 8550: 8538:. Retrieved 8523: 8511:. Retrieved 8502: 8493: 8481:. Retrieved 8477:the original 8467: 8455:. Retrieved 8451: 8441: 8429:. Retrieved 8414: 8402:. Retrieved 8393: 8384: 8372:. Retrieved 8346:the original 8341: 8332: 8321:the original 8316: 8304: 8296:the original 8291: 8282: 8270:. Retrieved 8261: 8252: 8216:. Retrieved 8199: 8176:20 September 8174:. Retrieved 8157: 8147: 8135:. Retrieved 8126: 8116: 8104:. Retrieved 8095: 8086: 8074:. 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Retrieved 5537:The Guardian 5535: 5525: 5496: 5486: 5475: 5464: 5460: 5449: 5435: 5415: 5411: 5402: 5323: 5299: 5280: 5248: 5232: 5213: 5180: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5111:Assad regime 5100: 5066: 5050: 5018: 5003: 4990:barrel bombs 4986:Assad regime 4971: 4948: 4906: 4882: 4862:Assad regime 4832: 4810: 4799: 4795: 4783: 4768: 4761: 4755: 4734: 4680: 4678: 4673:Ricken Patel 4669: 4657: 4639: 4628: 4608: 4562: 4553: 4542: 4532: 4521: 4507: 4475: 4452: 4448: 4439:Ba'ath party 4429:, 6 May 2011 4394: 4374: 4355: 4352: 4347: 4340:Ba'ath party 4336: 4301: 4296: 4264: 4255: 4240: 4235: 4232: 4227:Ba'ath Party 4223:Omari Mosque 4216: 4176: 4138: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4071: 4062:Assad family 4054:Ba'ath party 4047: 4035: 4028: 3996:police state 3985: 3915: 3903: 3900: 3872: 3860:Assad family 3843: 3839: 3837: 3632: 3631: 3573: 3572: 3540: 3416:Western Iraq 3235: 3203: 3164:3rd Qamishli 3078: 3066: 3036:Peace Spring 3034: 3007: 2984: 2928: 2916: 2833:2nd Qamishli 2815: 2793: 2786: 2779: 2772: 2750: 2731: 2721:Olive Branch 2719: 2700: 2678: 2671: 2653: 2582: 2575: 2570:4th Qalamoun 2568: 2556: 2552:5th Quneitra 2519: 2482: 2470: 2463: 2341: 2334: 2315:Khan al-Shih 2295:4th Quneitra 2272: 2248: 2229:3rd Qamishli 2194: 2170: 2141:1st Qamishli 2100: 1999: 1952: 1935: 1926: 1919: 1910:3rd Quneitra 1902: 1837:Douma market 1824: 1815:2nd Zabadani 1785:2nd Quneitra 1772: 1755: 1751:3rd Qalamoun 1743: 1714: 1627: 1561: 1557:1st Quneitra 1532: 1520: 1509:2nd Qalamoun 1454: 1437: 1376:1st Qalamoun 1374: 1337: 1323: 1314: 1297: 1280: 1275:2nd Damascus 1273: 1239: 1161: 1155: 1141: 1114: 1105: 1101:1st Damascus 1093: 1071: 1045:UN ceasefire 972: 958: 947:1st Zabadani 934: 890: 876: 724: 717: 708: 701: 694: 687: 463:Total deaths 462: 457: 437:(by 28 July) 432: 423: 403: 402: 383: 376:Lead figures 328: 311:Ba'ath Party 275: 127:Unemployment 49:Part of the 36: 13376:Syria Files 13058:Rami Jarrah 12988:Michel Kilo 12973:Salim Idris 12948:Aref Dalila 12721:Dokumacılar 12510:Grey Wolves 12009:Hama attack 9893:Works cited 9848:25 November 9826:26 November 9796:24 November 9770:12 November 9748:12 November 9601:24 November 9165:19 November 8856:Independent 8791:22 February 8781:Global Post 8761:10 February 8540:22 December 8374:22 December 8106:10 February 8076:10 February 8037:13 November 7942:22 February 7558:12 February 7528:12 February 7498:12 February 7466:Global Post 7375:Global Post 7323:10 February 7220:17 February 7140:17 February 7074:10 February 7043:17 February 6957:10 February 6888:10 February 6857:10 February 6655:17 February 6618:10 February 6029:Story, AP. 6014:10 February 5951:10 February 5378:Arab Spring 5351:Asia portal 5233:On 9 July, 5216:Arab League 5115:Deir-al-zor 5021:Arab League 4976:passed the 4909:Eid ul-Fitr 4731:Arab Spring 4644:village in 4642:Al-Mastumah 4622:, Latakia, 4411:Concessions 4388:-dominated 4183:Arab Spring 4135:Arab Spring 4111:" (trans. " 4056:elites and 4008:journalists 3988:Arab Spring 3852:Arab Spring 3015:Tell Rifaat 2369:5th Palmyra 2354:Wadi Barada 2349:4th Palmyra 2047:3rd Palmyra 2012:Al-Shaddadi 1970:Tishrin Dam 1820:2nd Palmyra 1757:1st Palmyra 1680:An-26 crash 1233:2nd Darayya 1207:1st Darayya 974:Aleppo Gov. 301:Syrian Navy 296:Syrian Army 260:by mid-2012 51:Arab Spring 13463:2011 riots 13437:Categories 13164:Casualties 12753:and allies 12741:Liwa Dawud 12395:Opposition 12208:Elsewhere: 10948:Idlib Raid 10258:Background 10104:Ceasefires 9397:20 January 9251:Al Jazeera 9019:1 February 8693:20 January 8663:9 February 8513:9 February 8503:Al Jazeera 8483:8 December 8452:Al Jazeera 8404:20 January 7828:9 February 7548:Free Syria 7518:Free Syria 7442:15 October 7416:28 January 7191:27 January 6818:3 February 5856:Al Jazeera 5743:9 February 5540:. London. 5518:References 5412:Boundary 2 5192:Ali Farzat 5171:free press 5133:See also: 5107:Al-Suwayda 5079:to launch 4844:condemned 4764:opposition 4682:mukhabarat 4582:See also: 4563:mukhabarat 4510:resistance 4496:April 2011 4366:anti-Sunni 4147:Atef Najib 4066:corruption 4000:Arab World 3976:See also: 3972:Background 3856:Arab world 3199:Claw-Sword 3169:11th Daraa 3093:10th Daraa 1965:Tell Tamer 1805:2nd Kobanî 1790:2nd Sarrin 1774:Tell Abyad 1700:1st Sarrin 1645:2nd Safira 1499:Al-Malihah 1264:1st Safira 1191:Tell Abyad 1174:Ras al-Ayn 1089:Al-Tremseh 1062:3rd Rastan 987:2nd Rastan 936:Daraa Gov. 920:1st Rastan 696:Casualties 397:Atef Najib 337:Opposition 284:Government 254:resistance 241:defections 171:'s prisons 94:2012-06-12 86:2011-03-15 13209:Massacres 13096:Elections 13033:Riad Seif 12699:Islamists 12025:Spillover 10272:1966 coup 10267:1963 coup 10027:Spillover 9997:Timeline 9965:Overviews 9697:18 August 9216:25 August 9113:France 24 8972:14 August 8751:0362-4331 8595:0099-9660 8457:17 August 8208:0362-4331 8166:0362-4331 8066:0261-3077 8001:0261-3077 7755:0362-4331 7642:0362-4331 7406:0362-4331 7313:0362-4331 7245:18 August 7004:143177306 6990:: 33–58. 6947:0362-4331 6847:0099-9660 6728:0362-4331 6650:0190-8286 6438:France 24 6263:25 August 6071:17 August 5904:cite book 5681:cite book 5647:143177306 5597:144558644 5500:Sources: 5406:Sources: 5228:Talkalakh 4994:sarin gas 4966:Aftermath 4620:Talkalakh 4561:Baathist 4397:Al-Rastan 4315:Crackdown 4004:civilians 3942:hospitals 3926:massacres 3888:civil war 3864:Ba'athist 3800:Talkalakh 3406:al-Shabah 2696:Beit Jinn 2527:9th Daraa 2521:2nd Raqqa 2515:East Hama 2399:8th Daraa 2389:7th Daraa 2131:Al-Dumayr 2121:6th Daraa 1795:5th Daraa 1286:1st Raqqa 1084:Al-Qubeir 1079:Al-Haffah 925:Hama Gov. 796:Talkalakh 726:Massacres 719:Terrorism 313:militants 116:Caused by 13422:Category 13214:Refugees 12751:al-Qaeda 10245:Timeline 9905:Solihull 9722:7 August 9675:5 August 9623:22 March 9529:17 March 9501:Ynetnews 9481:22 March 9441:22 March 9419:7 August 9393:. 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