1636:
1398:
934:
244:
323:
3049:
2982:
2774:
231:
307:
3445:
3229:
1737:
824:
95:
3202:
2795:
789:
2959:
3412:
80:
371:
3092:
1609:
1286:
2816:
219:
2913:
406:
276:
291:
3379:
3133:
806:
65:
1583:
261:
1663:
3025:
1386:
926:
3037:
153:
49:
421:
577:
355:
2865:
1908:
389:
1599:
2402:
3065:
2936:
1496:
436:
2753:
196:
136:
165:
1867:
946:
3478:
3257:
1748:
1705:
1684:
1647:
1620:
1572:
850:
110:
1716:
1770:
1008:, Germany viewed the act as provocative. The Russian government promised Germany that its general mobilization did not mean preparation for war with Germany but was a reaction to the tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. The German government regarded the Russian promise of no war with Germany to be nonsense in light of its general mobilization, and Germany, in turn, mobilized for war. On 1 August, Germany sent an ultimatum to
340:
180:
1278:
1972:
1673:
2478:
768:
720:
964:
1035:. This plan was hoped to quickly gain victory against the French and allow German forces to concentrate on the Eastern Front. Belgium was a neutral country and would not accept German forces crossing its territory. Germany disregarded Belgian neutrality and invaded the country to launch an offensive towards Paris. This caused
2134:. The German government utilized the state alongside punitive threats to induce Polish landowners living in the German-occupied Baltic territories to move to the state and sell their Baltic property to Germans in exchange for moving to Poland. Efforts were made to induce similar emigration of Poles from Prussia to the state.
1422:
signed on 2 August 1914. The alliance treaty expected that the
Ottoman Empire would become involved in the conflict in a short amount of time. However, for the first several months of the war, the Ottoman Empire maintained neutrality though it allowed a German naval squadron to enter and stay near the strait of
1319:
Austria-Hungary. Serbia submitted to accept most of the demands. However, Austria-Hungary viewed this as insufficient and used this lack of full compliance to justify military intervention. These demands have been viewed as a diplomatic cover for an inevitable Austro-Hungarian declaration of war on Serbia.
1322:
Russia had warned
Austria-Hungary that the Russian government would not tolerate Austria-Hungary invading Serbia. However, with Germany supporting Austria-Hungary's actions, the Austro-Hungarian government hoped that Russia would not intervene and that the conflict with Serbia would remain a regional
2451:
The Allies jointly pressured the aristocracy for the designated emperor's removal on the 10th of
September, 1916 stating he was a threat to both the Allies and Ethiopia. Fearing the rising influence of Iyasu and the Ottoman Empire, the Christian nobles of Ethiopia conspired against Iyasu. Iyasu was
2129:
in
November 1916, and it adopted a constitution in 1917. The decision to create a Polish State was taken by Germany in order to attempt to legitimize its military occupation amongst the Polish inhabitants, following upon German propaganda sent to Polish inhabitants in 1915 that German soldiers were
1429:
After pressure escalated from the German government demanding that the
Ottoman Empire fulfill its treaty obligations, or else Germany would expel the country from the alliance and terminate economic and military assistance, the Ottoman government entered the war with the recently acquired cruisers
1421:
The
Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of the Central Powers in November 1914. The Ottoman Empire had gained strong economic connections with Germany through the Berlin-to-Baghdad railway project that was still incomplete at the time. The Ottoman Empire made a formal alliance with Germany
2500:
since 1852. However, from
September 1914 food deliveries from Austria-Hungary began to decrease, which quickly soured the initial war support. By 1916 all food deliveries from Austria-Hungary had ceased, which forced Liechtenstein to seek closer ties with Switzerland in order to ensure food
1318:
population to rebel and threaten to tear apart the multinational country. Austria-Hungary sent a formal ultimatum to Serbia demanding a full-scale investigation of
Serbian government complicity in the assassination and complete compliance by Serbia in agreeing to the terms demanded by
1022:
After
Germany declared war on Russia, France, with its alliance with Russia, prepared a general mobilization in expectation of war. On 3 August 1914, Germany responded to this action by declaring war on France. Germany, facing a two-front war, enacted what was known as the
2501:
deliveries continued. From 1916 Liechtenstein was embargoed by the
Entente countries due to their connections to the Central Powers, which caused mass unemployment in the country. The government remained sympathetic to the Central Powers until 7 November 1918, when the
2436:, was widely suspected of harbouring pro-Islamic sentiments and being sympathetic to the Ottoman Empire. The German Empire also attempted to reach out to Iyasu, dispatching several unsuccessful expeditions to the region to attempt to encourage it to collaborate in an
1003:
and the German government informed the Austro-Hungarian government that Germany would uphold its alliance with Austria-Hungary and defend it from possible Russian intervention if a war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia took place. When Russia enacted a
2280:. This forced Georgia to ask for help from Germany, which they were granted. Germany forced the Ottomans to withdraw from Georgian territories and recognize Georgian sovereignty. Germany, Georgia and the Ottomans signed a peace treaty, the
2423:
was officially neutral throughout World War I but widely suspected of sympathy for the Central Powers between 1915 and 1916. At the time, Ethiopia was one of only two fully independent states in Africa (the other being
2582:
in April 1916; they referred to their "gallant allies in Europe". However, most Irish Nationalists supported the British and allied war effort up until 1916, when the Irish political landscape was changing. In 1914,
1326:
Austria-Hungary's invasion of Serbia resulted in Russia declaring war on the country, and Germany, in turn, declared war on Russia, setting off the beginning of the clash of alliances that resulted in the World War.
2027:. The fighting lasted from 1914 and continued after the First World War ended, to 1921. The Central Powers (mainly the Germans) began to attempt to incite unrest to hopefully divert French resources from Europe.
2392:
States listed in this section were not officially members of the Central Powers. Still, during the war, they cooperated with one or more Central Powers members on a level that makes their neutrality disputable.
2368:
held an Ottoman garrison even following its independence from the Ottomans in 1913. Following a treaty with Britain, it became a British puppet. Its Ottoman Garrison left prior to this on August 20, 1915.
672:
did not take part in World War I on the side of the Central Powers. The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria did not join until after World War I had begun. The Central Powers faced, and were defeated by, the
3048:
1519:
with the Ottoman Empire on 19 August 1914. Bulgaria was the last country to join the Central Powers, which it did in October 1915 by declaring war on Serbia. It invaded Serbia in conjunction with
1097:
The German Empire was late to colonization, only beginning overseas expansion in the 1870s and 1880s. Support for colonization was opposed by much of the government, including chancellor
1426:. Ottoman officials informed the German government that the country needed time to prepare for conflict. Germany provided financial aid and weapons shipments to the Ottoman Empire.
6299:
1019:
In August 1914, Germany attacked Russia, citing Russian aggression as demonstrated by the mobilization of the Russian army, which had resulted in Germany mobilizing in response.
6314:
3831:
Tucker, Spencer C. A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East. ABC-CLIO. 2009. p. 1556.
6498:
4241:
Therefore, on September 10, 1916, the allied diplomats collectively demanded Shawan chiefs and ministers to eliminate Lig Eyasu as a security risk for Ethiopia and the allies
2276:
in 1918 which then led to border conflicts between the newly formed republic and the Ottoman Empire. Soon after, the Ottoman Empire invaded the republic and quickly reached
2444:, a celebrated ethnographer and personal friend of Kaiser Wilhelm II. Under Iyasu's directions, Ethiopia probably supplied weapons to the Muslim Dervish rebels during the
4678:
3909:
Cashman, Greg; Robinson, Leonard C. An Introduction to the Causes of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War I to Iraq. Rowman & Littlefield. 2007. p. 61
3785:
Cashman, Greg; Robinson, Leonard C. An Introduction to the Causes of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War I to Iraq. Rowman & Littlefield. 2007. p. 57
3562:
553:
539:
525:
4653:(2004), scholarly essays on Serbia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia, France, Britain, Japan, Ottoman Empire, Italy, the United States, Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece.
6396:
982:
903:
7372:
7251:
6033:
5857:
5197:
4640:
1012:
stating that since both Germany and Russia were in a state of military mobilization, an effective state of war existed between the two countries. Later that day,
7367:
6475:
1105:. Then, private companies were founded and began settling parts of Africa, the Pacific, and China. Later these groups became German protectorates and colonies.
6503:
5010:
7357:
7327:
6691:
6418:
6110:
5068:
2492:
Liechtenstein was officially neutral throughout World War I, though the general population and government was supportive of the Central Powers, particularly
4361:
4329:
4265:
6798:
3540:
1272:
6706:
6461:
2193:
was a client state of Germany created on 25 June 1918. It was officially part of the Ukrainian State but acted separate from the central government. The
915:
2556:
against both the Whites and the Reds. Romania fought alongside the Central Powers until the country rejoined the war against them on November 10, 1918.
7317:
7312:
7281:
7186:
6701:
6391:
6342:
6257:
3953:
Afflerbach, Holger; David Stevenson, David. An Improbable War: The Outbreak of World War I and European Political Culture. Berghan Books. 2012. p. 293.
3932:
Afflerbach, Holger; David Stevenson, David. An Improbable War: The Outbreak of World War 1 and European Political Culture. Berghan Books. 2012. p. 292.
895:
6545:
4533:
7332:
7276:
3036:
2284:
which ended the conflict with the last two. In return, Georgia became a German "ally". This time period of Georgian-German friendship was known as
2125:
was a client state of Germany proclaimed in 1916 and established on 14 January 1917. This government was recognized by the emperors of Germany and
7146:
6933:
6386:
5744:
899:
891:
7362:
2621:
5175:
1335:
Austria-Hungary was internally divided into two states with their own governments, joined through the Habsburg throne. Austria, also known as
7121:
5237:
2353:
2091:
425:
7176:
6446:
6376:
6015:
5227:
5138:
3081:
2485:
2080:
1481:
4288:
7322:
6470:
5361:
4815:
4091:
Aviel Roshwald. Ethnic Nationalism and the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, the Middle East and Russia, 1914–23. Routledge, 2002. p. 117.
4042:
2699:
1996:
1036:
713:
2591:. Piłsudski wanted his legions to help the Central Powers defeat Russia and then side with France and the UK and win the war with them.
2249:
within the Russian Empire since 1809, and the collapse of the Russian Empire in 1917 gave it its independence. Following the end of the
6988:
5038:
2273:
2344:
while supporting the Musavat Party. The Ottoman Empire maintained a presence in Azerbaijan until the end of the war in November 1918.
2063:
to carry on fighting the Allies. However, looting from other Somali tribes in the Korahe raid eventually led to its collapse in 1925.
5368:
1364:
3024:
7307:
5020:
6696:
1539:. As a condition of entering the war on the side of the Central Powers, Bulgaria was granted the right to reclaim that territory.
7337:
6628:
6466:
6453:
6410:
6319:
6045:
5847:
5754:
5656:
5414:
5061:
3964:
2206:
1254:
344:
2380:
or Yemen was an autonomous region of the Ottoman Empire that stayed allied with the Sultan and fought against the Allies during
1397:
7352:
6820:
6810:
6678:
2924:
2253:, in which Germany supported the "Whites" against the Soviet-backed labour movement, in May 1918, there were moves to create a
4675:
7347:
7156:
7095:
6592:
6526:
6363:
6242:
5915:
4934:
4790:
4543:
4504:
4005:
1834:
1264:
881:
3007:
The Treaty of Sèvres caused resentment among the Turkish populace of the Ottoman Empire and resulted in the outbreak of the
7206:
6767:
6187:
4972:
1806:
6963:
6926:
6538:
5862:
5490:
4995:
3483:
3262:
2935:
2229:
and incorporate the recently established Courland and Semigallia into a unified state. An armed force in the form of the
1471:
989:
933:
855:
651:
115:
6752:
4637:
6737:
6027:
5429:
5187:
4581:
2965:
2958:
2502:
558:
1813:
704:
in 1915. The name "Central Powers" is derived from the location of these countries; all four were located between the
7241:
6612:
6306:
6122:
5394:
4865:
3577:
3551:
3064:
2258:
2122:
1853:
1508:
1055:
7342:
6998:
5792:
4830:
2472:
2003:
preemptively acted in March 1916 to prevent an attack on Sudan and took control of the Sultanate by November 1916.
2000:
1348:
4100:
Annemarie Sammartino. The Impossible Border: Germany and the East, 1914–1922. Cornell University, 2010. pp. 36–37.
7100:
6863:
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6648:
6435:
6371:
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6063:
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4825:
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2381:
1787:
1485:
701:
5528:
1820:
7065:
7060:
6919:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6643:
6337:
4982:
4957:
4855:
2333:
2270:
2178:
2155:
2087:
2076:
1791:
1516:
1380:
376:
328:
311:
306:
7221:
7201:
7080:
6638:
6633:
6597:
6531:
6423:
6269:
5852:
5704:
5242:
5170:
5101:
4870:
4840:
4835:
3556:
2667:
2616:
2588:
1213:
907:
877:
265:
4625:
4609:(1966), comprehensive history of the assassination with detailed material on the Austrian Empire and Serbia.
4070:
3840:
Seager, Frederic H. (1969). "The Alsace-Lorraine Question in France, 1871-1914". in Charles K. Warner, ed.,
7181:
7085:
7055:
7029:
7024:
6968:
6587:
6214:
6154:
6051:
5956:
5719:
5505:
5209:
5048:
4947:
3572:
2601:
2571:
1802:
911:
410:
2655:
1216:
was a German dependency in East Asia leased from China in 1898. Japanese forces occupied it following the
1111:
was a German colony existing from 1884 until its complete occupation in 1915. It was ceded to France as a
7211:
7131:
6825:
6262:
6247:
6105:
6057:
5822:
5373:
5247:
5160:
5155:
4924:
4912:
4907:
3008:
2947:
2225:", was proclaimed on 22 September 1918 by the Baltic German ruling class. It was to encompass the former
2190:
2143:
1895:
in September 1914. Germany assisted the rebels, some rebels operating in and out of the German colony of
1477:
1360:
929:
German soldiers on the battlefield in August 1914 on the Western Front, shortly after the outbreak of war
544:
359:
5434:
3302:
7246:
7191:
7151:
7141:
7136:
6993:
6805:
6762:
6039:
5797:
5782:
5684:
5553:
5121:
5033:
4990:
2919:
2718:. There was no unified treaty ending the war; the Central Powers were dealt with in separate treaties.
2570:
Other movements supported the efforts of the Central Powers for their own reasons, such as the radical
2481:
2453:
2285:
2194:
1536:
1242:
1141:. It was the only German colony to not be fully conquered during the war, with resistance by commander
587:
2670:
concluded ceasefires separately during the first week of November following the disintegration of the
7236:
7161:
7014:
6958:
6747:
6515:
6099:
6087:
5842:
5827:
5548:
5439:
5133:
5111:
4860:
4850:
4783:
4118:
Hala Mundhir Fattah. The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf, 1745–1900. p. 121.
3710:
3647:
3002:
2675:
2254:
2036:
1314:. The country viewed the assassination as setting a dangerous precedent of encouraging the country's
1112:
594:
280:
200:
5694:
7231:
7075:
7050:
6722:
6209:
6199:
6128:
6081:
6069:
6009:
5817:
5812:
5734:
5143:
5116:
4820:
4596:
The World War I alliance of the Central Powers in retrospect: The military cohesion of the alliance
3673:
3612:
2317:
2233:
was created in November 1918, just before the surrender of Germany, which would participate in the
2072:
1896:
1307:
1160:
157:
3091:
1899:. The rebels were all defeated or captured by South African government forces by 4 February 1915.
1145:
lasting until November 1918. Later it was surrendered to the Allies in 1919 and split between the
7302:
7259:
7255:
7171:
6973:
6793:
6785:
6727:
6487:
6182:
5945:
5772:
5767:
5699:
5558:
5543:
5538:
5518:
5399:
5276:
4109:
Kataryna Wolczuk. The Moulding of Ukraine: The Constitutional Politics of State Formation. p. 37.
2683:
2537:
1944:
1780:
1142:
1040:
608:
5739:
4151:
3944:
Kent, Mary. The Great Powers and the End of the Ottoman Empire. end ed. Frank Cass. 1998. p. 119
7216:
7166:
7126:
7116:
6978:
6911:
6560:
6284:
6219:
6075:
5802:
5729:
5679:
5664:
5646:
5619:
5533:
5500:
5165:
5126:
5106:
4917:
4810:
4141:
3161:
2679:
2513:
2246:
2052:
1892:
1172:
1067:
665:
141:
4062:
4050:
3995:
3813:
Meyer, G.J. A World Undone: The Story of the Great War, 1914 to 1918. Delta Book. 2006. p. 95.
3801:
Meyer, G.J. A World Undone: The Story of the Great War, 1914 to 1918. Delta Book. 2006. p. 39.
3749:
7196:
7070:
7019:
6550:
6204:
6093:
5869:
5832:
5762:
5709:
5631:
5599:
5573:
5523:
5454:
5356:
5309:
5093:
4962:
4845:
4496:
2711:
2703:
2611:
2095:
2055:
between 1896 and 1925. During World War I, the Dervish State received many supplies from the
2016:
1880:
1524:
1458:, thus engaging in military action in accordance with its alliance obligations with Germany.
1285:
1238:
1193:
1150:
1013:
734:
709:
673:
2520:
in 1916 and fought against them. They were Ottoman-aligned but received support from Hejaz.
1827:
6900:
6815:
5495:
5469:
5419:
4776:
4385:"Human Rights in the Former Yugoslav States, Report #2, Ethnic Cleansing. July 1992, 20 pp"
2876:
2678:; Germany signed the armistice ending the war on the morning of 11 November 1918 after the
2584:
2230:
2226:
1984:
1936:
1520:
1268:
1154:
1005:
661:
576:
530:
5444:
8:
7090:
6882:
6021:
5885:
5837:
5714:
5674:
5669:
5614:
5297:
5291:
5192:
2942:
2759:
2565:
2456:
and eventually deposed in a coup d'état on 27 September 1916. A less pro-Ottoman regent,
2445:
2222:
1992:
1980:
1344:
1082:
1078:
394:
185:
6835:
4236:
Emperor Menelik's Ethiopia, 1865-1916 National Unification Or Amhara Communal Domination
3918:
Hickey, Michael. The First World War: Volume 4 The Mediterranean Front 1914–1923. p. 31.
3855:
2998:
2553:
1385:
1231:
was a German protectorate in the Pacific. It was occupied by Australian forces in 1914.
1171:
following its invasion in 1915. Members of the local German army and police fought with
6842:
6757:
6116:
5980:
5962:
5927:
5891:
5724:
5689:
5641:
5626:
5513:
5464:
5303:
5262:
4942:
4617:
4293:
3887:
3879:
3701:
3693:
3638:
3604:
2647:
2626:
2596:
2549:
2174:
1956:
1512:
1356:
1340:
1118:
925:
4749:
A Mad Catastrophe: The Outbreak of World War I and the Collapse of the Habsburg Empire
4356:
3972:
7045:
6875:
6869:
6830:
6732:
6565:
6148:
6003:
5986:
5787:
5609:
5589:
5424:
5409:
5339:
5327:
5028:
5005:
4952:
4539:
4500:
4473:
4438:
4384:
4298:
4186:
4001:
3891:
3871:
2970:
2671:
2529:
2517:
2250:
2234:
2171:
1940:
1504:
1311:
1228:
1217:
1189:
1102:
1098:
993:
957:
491:
458:
4720:
4716:
4493:
U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security: Chronology and Index for the 20th Century
4396:
4289:"10,000 NEUTRALS STARVING.; Swiss Government Sends Food to Liechtenstein Population"
3763:
1273:
Albania during World War I § Austro-Hungarian occupation of Albania (1916–1918)
7226:
5933:
5903:
5897:
5807:
5636:
5604:
5594:
5333:
5257:
5252:
5180:
5000:
4900:
4465:
4430:
4392:
4260:
4178:
4166:
4147:
3863:
3822:
Hagen, William W. German History in Modern Times: Four Lives of the Nation. p. 228.
2643:
2606:
2420:
2409:
2044:
1960:
1888:
1528:
1201:
1176:
1047:
669:
4495:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, California: Praeger Security International. p.
4182:
1943:. In 1915, they were courted by the Ottoman Empire and Germany, and Grand Senussi
6742:
6582:
5921:
5474:
5449:
5148:
5056:
4895:
4763:
Folly and malice: the Habsburg empire, the Balkans and the start of World War One
4682:
4644:
4519:
4352:
4256:
4234:
4143:
Elman, Ziggy (26 May 1914–26 June 1968), jazz trumpeter and multi-instrumentalist
3665:
3596:
3417:
3206:
3201:
2871:
2864:
2801:
2794:
2650:. The Ottoman Empire followed suit on 30 October 1918 in the face of British and
2533:
2493:
2460:
2413:
2281:
2167:
2126:
1258:
1197:
1024:
793:
788:
693:
643:
296:
85:
48:
4564:
When the War Came Home: The Ottomans' Great War and the Devastation of an Empire
4458:"RENAŞTEREA GNOZEI PĂGÂNE ÎN ROMÂNIA – UN MARE PERICOL PENTRU TINERETUL ORTODOX"
4000:(1st pbk. ed.). Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 284–297.
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5459:
5315:
5202:
3450:
3234:
3055:
2988:
2981:
2780:
2773:
2663:
2440:-style uprising in East Africa. One of the unsuccessful expeditions was led by
2429:
2131:
2099:
2060:
2048:
2040:
1987:
government and aligned with the Ottomans and were able to contact them via the
1459:
1451:
1376:
1352:
1046:
Subsequently, several states declared war on Germany in late August 1914, with
1009:
829:
705:
697:
677:
647:
230:
100:
4687:
Jarausch, Konrad Hugo. "Revising German History: Bethmann-Hollweg Revisited".
4324:
1907:
988:
In early July 1914, in the aftermath of the assassination of Austro-Hungarian
7296:
6686:
5974:
5968:
5404:
5321:
5232:
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4442:
4434:
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4190:
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3384:
3138:
2822:
2815:
2707:
2575:
2497:
2441:
2377:
2337:
2301:
2056:
1952:
1146:
1085:
upon its founding in 1871. However, the province was still claimed by French
1051:
885:
811:
689:
639:
235:
218:
70:
4578:
From Bismarck to the World War: A History of German Foreign Policy 1870–1914
4418:
4207:
3856:"Alphonse de Neuville's "The Spy" and the Legacy of the Franco-Prussian War"
3548:, transcripts of official documents released by each nation early in the war
2079:
sought military protection first from the Central Powers and later from the
6136:
5563:
4571:
The Ottoman Road to War in 1914: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War
4457:
4034:
2401:
2297:
2218:
1336:
1234:
1168:
950:
441:
20:
4469:
1495:
6943:
6347:
6252:
5950:
5378:
4799:
3567:
3545:
2437:
1532:
1442:
1315:
968:
635:
468:
24:
2324:
in the Middle East that was closely associated with the Ottoman Empire.
4692:
4595:
3883:
2893:
to 15,000 sailors, and to pay 132 billion gold marks (US$ 33 billion).
2341:
2321:
1928:
1794: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1432:
1390:
1290:
1138:
1086:
1000:
945:
6983:
6142:
5909:
2902:
2898:
2882:
2727:
2687:
2639:
2020:
1988:
1423:
1294:
1039:
to declare war against the German Empire, as the action violated the
169:
3867:
1866:
1769:
6402:
2752:
2111:
1410:
1406:
1277:
1181:
1126:
1122:
601:
223:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3768:. London : Cassell. p. 113 – via Internet Archive.
1089:, leading to its recession to France at the Treaty of Versailles.
1043:
that both nations signed in 1839 guaranteeing Belgian neutrality.
2912:
2715:
2695:
2587:
was permitted by Germany and Austria-Hungary to form independent
2433:
2425:
2405:
2277:
2024:
2012:
1971:
1920:
1916:
1188:, was made a German protectorate in 1884. However, after a swift
1164:
1134:
1108:
1031:
and swinging south into France and towards the French capital of
1028:
6941:
3058:
raising funds for widows and orphans of the Central Power states
2477:
2448:
of 1915 to 1916, indirectly helping the Central Powers' cause.
1389:
Ottoman soldiers in military preparations for an assault on the
4146:. American National Biography Online. Oxford University Press.
4130:
Zvi Lerman, David Sedik. Rural Transition in Azerbaijan. p. 12.
3921:
3042:
A postcard depicting the flags of the Central Powers' countries
2993:
2691:
2579:
2304:
portrayed himself as willing to serve as a pro-German warlord.
1924:
1130:
1016:, an ally of Russia, declared a state of general mobilization.
997:
992:
and faced with the prospect of war between Austria-Hungary and
978:
938:
4768:
2412:
until 1916 pictured in his Ottoman-style turban with governor
2340:, was then occupied by the Ottoman Empire, which expelled the
1367:, sovereign authority was shared by both Austria and Hungary.
767:
719:
6570:
4522:. illustrated ed. Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 9–10.
3687:
3626:
2659:
2642:
with the Allies on 29 September 1918, following a successful
2365:
2336:, facing Bolshevik revolution and opposition from the Muslim
1948:
1932:
1455:
1185:
1032:
973:
688:
At the start of the war, the Central Powers consisted of the
249:
4520:
S.N. Broadberry, Mark Harrison. The Economics of World War I
1339:, contained various duchies and principalities but also the
1101:, but it became a colonial power after participating in the
4735:
The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
4672:
Germany and the Central Powers in the World War, 1914– 1918
2894:
2890:
2886:
2651:
2146:
was a client state of Germany created on 16 February 1918.
1884:
1462:
and the Triple Entente declared war on the Ottoman Empire.
4658:
The First World War: Germany and Austria-Hungary 1914–1918
3997:
The establishment of the Balkan national states, 1804–1920
3905:
3903:
3901:
2387:
2130:
arriving as liberators to free Poland from subjugation by
2094:. The three nations fought alongside each other under the
1281:
Austro-Hungarian soldiers in a trench on the Italian front
963:
4742:
Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
2827:
2806:
2785:
2764:
1297:
in the Ottoman Empire, during the Middle Eastern campaign
1167:, became under German rule in 1885 and was absorbed into
904:
German occupation of north-east France during World War I
3940:
3938:
3898:
3715:
3652:
3563:
International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
2209:
was a client state of Germany created on 8 March 1918.
2158:
was a client state of Germany created on 9 March 1918.
1121:
was founded in 1885 and expanded to include modern-day
4756:
Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War
3809:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3772:
742:
Allied colonies, dominions, territories or occupations
3935:
634:, were one of the two main coalitions that fought in
385:
4632:
Hall, Richard C. "Bulgaria in the First World War".
4208:"How Ethiopian prince scuppered Germany's WW1 plans"
4020:
Richard C. Hall, "Bulgaria in the First World War".
3761:
3541:
Central Powers intervention in the Russian Civil War
1027:, which involved German armed forces moving through
3804:
3788:
2548:Following their armistice with the Central Powers,
1310:as having been orchestrated with the assistance of
916:
German occupation of Byelorussia during World War I
4362:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
4330:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
4266:Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein
896:German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I
4140:Sohmer, Jack; Budds, Michael J. (February 2000).
3011:, after which the Treaty of Lausanne was signed.
1081:, the German Empire incorporated the province of
76:
53:The Central Powers of Europe on 14 October 1915
7294:
4649:Hamilton, Richard F. and Holger H. Herwig, eds.
4589:The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914
3993:
3340:Military statistics of the Central Powers
3100:Economic statistics of the Central Powers
2536:. The Central Powers supported the nation until
2177:from 29 April 1918, after the government of the
1245:by the New Zealand Expeditionary Force in 1914.
91:
7373:Military alliances involving the Ottoman Empire
5745:Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers
1401:Kaiser Wilhelm II visiting the Turkish cruiser
900:German occupation of Estonia during World War I
892:German occupation of Belgium during World War I
662:alliance of Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879
7368:Military alliances involving the German Empire
4531:
4202:
4200:
4073:: "The Polish Kingdom... was merely a pawn ").
4033:The Regency Kingdom has been referred to as a
2197:eventually voted to join the Ukrainian State.
2086:The Ottoman Empire also had its own allies in
1499:Bulgarian soldiers firing at incoming aircraft
1306:Austria-Hungary regarded the assassination of
583:Leaders of the Central Powers (left to right):
6927:
4784:
4167:"Muddle of the Middle East, Volumes I and II"
4126:
4124:
3994:Jelavich, Charles; Jelavich, Barbara (1986).
3632:
2354:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
1050:declaring war on Germany in August 1916, the
7358:Military alliances involving Austria-Hungary
7328:1918 disestablishments in the Ottoman Empire
4045:); by Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki in
3728:All figures presented are for the year 1913.
3082:Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I
2505:took place and a new government took power.
1482:Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)
1061:
727:Allied and Central Powers during World War I
319:
6235:
4197:
4139:
3842:From the Ancien Régime to the Popular Front
2496:, of which the two countries had been in a
6934:
6920:
4791:
4777:
4535:The European Powers in the First World War
4121:
3030:The collapse of the Central Powers in 1918
2200:
1887:army officers of what is now known as the
106:
47:
7318:1918 disestablishments in Austria-Hungary
7313:1914 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
4152:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1800357
3095:Proportions of Central Powers' fatalities
3070:The leaders of the Central Powers in 1914
2881:Germany was required to demilitarize the
2633:
2300:was founded on 18 May 1918. Their ataman
1879:In opposition to offensive operations by
1874:
1854:Learn how and when to remove this message
1077:After successfully beating France in the
676:, which themselves had formed around the
367:
61:
6034:Revolutions and interventions in Hungary
4765:(London: Shepheard–Walwyn, 2017). 416pp.
4419:"Greece and the Great Powers, 1914–1917"
4351:
4255:
4164:
4082:J. M. Roberts. Europe 1880–1945. p. 232.
3750:Britain and the Olympic Games, 1908–1920
3090:
2476:
2400:
2356:was associated with the Central Powers.
2307:
1970:
1906:
1865:
1527:. Bulgaria held claims on the region of
1494:
1396:
1384:
1284:
1276:
1237:was a German protectorate following the
962:
944:
932:
924:
766:
718:
575:
7333:20th century in international relations
6411:Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
4455:
2559:
2388:Nations supported by the Central Powers
2105:
1503:Bulgaria was still resentful after its
1490:
1416:
1301:
1255:Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
754:Central Powers' colonies or occupations
240:
7295:
4728:The First World War: Volume I: To Arms
4665:Biographical Dictionary of World War I
4322:
4239:. UMI Howard University. p. 244.
2006:
1966:
1542:
1289:Austro-Hungarian soldiers marching up
700:joined later in 1914, followed by the
664:. Despite having nominally joined the
7363:Military alliances involving Bulgaria
6915:
6364:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
5700:Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)
4772:
4691:21#3 (1988): 224–243, historiography
4538:. Taylor & Francis. p. 173.
4490:
4251:
4249:
2261:. However, the Armistice intervened.
2170:was a client state of Germany led by
1507:in July 1913 at the hands of Serbia,
1409:in October 1917 as a guest of Sultan
1265:Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia
920:
882:History of Germany during World War I
6768:Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
4663:Herweg, Holger H., and Neil Heyman.
4416:
3677:
3616:
2845:
2676:Italian offensive at Vittorio Veneto
2523:
2347:
1792:adding citations to reliable sources
1763:
6697:Ottomans against the Triple Entente
5491:Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes
4715:(2 vol 1930) comprehensive history
4429:(2). Institute for Balkan Studies.
4323:Marxer, Roland (31 December 2011).
3853:
1173:South Africans seeking independence
866:
660:The Central Powers' origin was the
13:
7323:1918 disestablishments in Bulgaria
5430:First Battle of the Masurian Lakes
4556:
4345:
4246:
4232:
4165:Gerteiny, Alfred G. (April 1974).
4065:); and by Raymond Leslie Buell in
2682:, and a succession of advances by
2534:political dispute with Venizelists
2503:November 1918 Liechtenstein putsch
1870:Flag of the South African Republic
1759:
1531:then held by Serbia following the
1248:
1153:, and the newly founded colony of
619:("United Powers Lead to the Goal")
14:
7384:
3969:Russia's Great War and Revolution
3965:"Bulgaria in the First World War"
3578:Spa Conferences (First World War)
3552:Diplomatic history of World War I
2554:involved in the Russian Civil War
2023:to prevent French expansion into
1370:
638:(1914–1918). It consisted of the
616:"Vereinte Kräfte führen zum Ziel"
16:Military coalition in World War I
5793:Second Battle of the Piave River
5415:Russian invasion of East Prussia
4706:Great Power Diplomacy: 1814–1914
4699:Austrian Foreign Policy, 1908–18
3962:
3476:
3443:
3410:
3377:
3255:
3227:
3200:
3131:
3063:
3047:
3035:
3023:
2980:
2957:
2934:
2911:
2863:
2814:
2793:
2772:
2751:
2473:Liechtenstein during World War I
2466:
2312:
2207:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
2066:
2030:
2001:Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
1902:
1768:
1746:
1735:
1714:
1703:
1682:
1671:
1661:
1645:
1634:
1618:
1607:
1597:
1581:
1570:
1349:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
871:
848:
822:
804:
787:
683:
551:
537:
523:
434:
419:
404:
387:
369:
353:
338:
321:
305:
289:
274:
259:
242:
229:
217:
194:
178:
163:
151:
134:
108:
93:
78:
63:
7308:1914 establishments in Bulgaria
6864:Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo
6064:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
4798:
4616:(2 vols in one. 2nd ed. 1930).
4525:
4513:
4484:
4449:
4410:
4397:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-0050-0287
4377:
4316:
4281:
4226:
4158:
4133:
4112:
4103:
4094:
4085:
4076:
4027:
4014:
3987:
3956:
3947:
3912:
3847:
3834:
3722:
2463:, was installed on the throne.
2245:Finland had been an autonomous
2212:
1779:needs additional citations for
1486:Bulgarian occupation of Albania
1472:Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)
7338:Austria-Hungary in World War I
6687:Austria-Hungary against Serbia
6546:Deportations from East Prussia
6343:1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia
4629:(1939) pp 373–447 on Berchtold
4491:Davis, Robert T., ed. (2010).
4423:The American Historical Review
4417:Leon, George B. (April 1977).
3825:
3816:
3755:
3742:
3659:
3590:
2334:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
2271:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2156:Belarusian Democratic Republic
2077:General Secretariat of Ukraine
1517:a treaty of defensive alliance
1381:Ottoman entry into World War I
559:Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)
1:
7353:Ottoman Empire in World War I
6598:Ukrainian Canadian internment
4389:Human Rights Documents online
4183:10.1080/03612759.1974.9947344
4171:History: Reviews of New Books
3762:Hindenburg, Paul von (1920).
3735:
3557:Home front during World War I
3086:
2508:
2364:Initially an Ottoman puppet,
2327:
1214:Jiaozhou Bay Leased Territory
908:General Government of Belgium
878:German entry into World War I
654:; this was also known as the
7348:German Empire in World War I
6753:Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement
6052:Estonian War of Independence
5720:Southern Palestine offensive
4723:, esp vol 2 ch 20 pp 334–382
4708:(1991), comprehensive survey
4651:Decisions for War, 1914–1917
4614:The Origins of the World War
4055:Chronology of Polish History
3854:Jay, Robert (January 1984).
3688:
3627:
3583:
3573:Kaiserreich (disambiguation)
3559:covering all major countries
2602:Irish Republican Brotherhood
2454:Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarch
2452:first excommunicated by the
2137:
1983:renounced allegiance to the
1883:, which had joined the war,
1330:
1196:in 1915 and divided between
1072:
912:Government General of Warsaw
7:
6707:USA against Austria-Hungary
6106:Turkish War of Independence
6058:Latvian War of Independence
5783:Treaty of Bucharest of 1918
5374:Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo
4713:The coming of the war, 1914
4576:Brandenburg, Erich. (1927)
4047:A Concise History of Poland
3860:Metropolitan Museum Journal
3716:
3653:
3534:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3322:UK, France and Russia only
3314:
3311:
3308:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3009:Turkish War of Independence
2428:) and a major power in the
2396:
2191:Crimean Regional Government
2179:Ukrainian People's Republic
2081:armed forces of the Entente
1478:Bulgaria during World War I
1465:
1361:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
10:
7389:
6790:Treaties of Brest-Litovsk
6338:1899–1923 cholera pandemic
5798:Second Battle of the Marne
5685:Second battle of the Aisne
5554:Second Battle of Champagne
5395:German invasion of Belgium
4456:Istodor, Gheorghe (2016).
4053:); by Piotr J. Wroblel in
3507:
3474:
3441:
3408:
3375:
3079:
3075:
2726:Central Powers by date of
2722:
2563:
2543:
2482:Leopold Freiherr von Imhof
2470:
2382:the South Arabian campaign
2286:German Caucasus expedition
2264:
2240:
2161:
2149:
2109:
1537:Treaty of Bucharest (1913)
1475:
1469:
1374:
1262:
1252:
1223:
1065:
956:heavily damaged after the
889:
875:
18:
7269:
7109:
7038:
7007:
6951:
6896:
6855:
6776:
6715:
6677:
6621:
6610:
6571:Assyrian genocide (Sayfo)
6514:
6486:
6434:
6356:
6330:
6282:
6175:
6168:
6100:Irish War of Independence
5996:
5878:
5843:Armistice of Villa Giusti
5828:Battle of Vittorio Veneto
5753:
5655:
5582:
5483:
5440:First Battle of the Marne
5387:
5349:
5284:
5275:
5218:
5092:
5081:
5047:
5019:
4981:
4933:
4886:
4879:
4806:
4600:Journal of Modern History
3705:
3642:
3321:
3300:
3281:
3253:
3225:
3198:
3129:
3104:
2856:
2848:
2842:
2744:
2736:
2733:
2486:Governor of Liechtenstein
2259:German prince was elected
2184:
2116:
1725:
1693:
1560:
1192:, it was occupied by the
1113:League of Nations Mandate
1092:
1062:Colonies and dependencies
505:
501:
488:
478:
474:
464:
454:
57:Principal Central Powers:
46:
41:
34:
6723:Constantinople Agreement
6016:Armenian–Azerbaijani War
5879:Co-belligerent conflicts
5848:Second Romanian campaign
5818:Third Transjordan attack
5529:Gorlice–Tarnów offensive
5435:Battle of Grand Couronné
4733:Tucker, Spencer C., ed.
4689:Central European History
4681:16 November 2020 at the
3752:by Luke J. Harris p. 185
2889:to 100,000 men, and the
2838:Central Powers treaties
2710:forces in north-eastern
2372:
2359:
1957:British controlled Egypt
1897:German South-West Africa
1308:Archduke Franz Ferdinand
990:Archduke Franz Ferdinand
937:German cavalry entering
7343:Bulgaria in World War I
6786:Modus vivendi of Acroma
6738:Bulgaria–Germany treaty
6046:Greater Poland Uprising
5946:National Protection War
5823:Meuse–Argonne offensive
5773:German spring offensive
5768:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
5544:Siege of Novogeorgievsk
5519:Second Battle of Artois
5400:Battle of the Frontiers
4711:Schmitt, Bernadotte E.
4532:Spencer Tucker (1996).
3306:, total, November 1914
2201:Courland and Semigallia
2195:Kuban People's Republic
2015:began to fight against
1945:Ahmed Sharif as-Senussi
1525:Austro-Hungarian forces
1454:on the Russian port of
1207:
1143:Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck
794:Austro-Hungarian Empire
694:Austro-Hungarian Empire
609:Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
545:German–Ottoman alliance
345:Courland and Semigallia
6811:Paris Peace Conference
6799:Ukraine–Central Powers
6593:Massacres of Albanians
6561:Late Ottoman genocides
6368:Bulgarian occupations
6076:Third Anglo-Afghan War
6040:Hungarian–Romanian War
5858:Naval Victory Bulletin
5853:Armistice with Germany
5803:Hundred Days Offensive
5730:Battle of La Malmaison
5680:Second battle of Arras
5647:Battle of Transylvania
5501:Second Battle of Ypres
5369:Sarajevo assassination
5258:South African Republic
4754:Williamson, Samuel R.
4636:73.2 (2011): 300–315.
4435:10.1086/ahr/82.2.391-a
3697:
3669:
3633:
3608:
3600:
3096:
2680:Hundred Days Offensive
2634:Armistice and treaties
2489:
2416:
2291:
1976:
1912:
1893:South African Republic
1875:South African Republic
1871:
1500:
1413:
1394:
1365:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1298:
1282:
1068:German colonial empire
985:
983:German-occupied France
960:
942:
930:
772:
764:
623:
604:of the Ottoman Empire;
142:South African Republic
6946:by region and country
6821:Treaty of St. Germain
6794:Russia–Central Powers
6748:Sykes–Picot Agreement
6576:Pontic Greek genocide
6551:Destruction of Kalisz
6527:Eastern Mediterranean
6088:Polish–Lithuanian War
5870:Armistice of Belgrade
5833:Armistice of Salonica
5763:Operation Faustschlag
5710:Third Battle of Oituz
5632:Baranovichi offensive
5600:Lake Naroch offensive
5574:Battle of Robat Karim
5549:Vistula–Bug offensive
5524:Battles of the Isonzo
5455:First Battle of Ypres
4626:Before The War Vol II
4602:37.3 (1965): 336–344.
4470:10.29302/ar.2016.1.27
4357:"Novemberputsch 1918"
4067:Poland: Key to Europe
4024:73.2 (2011): 300–315.
3367:Percentage casualties
3094:
2612:White Guard (Finland)
2480:
2471:Further information:
2404:
2308:Ottoman client states
2274:declared independence
2227:Estonian governorates
2110:Further information:
1974:
1941:lost to Italy in 1912
1910:
1881:Union of South Africa
1869:
1535:of 1912–1913 and the
1498:
1400:
1388:
1288:
1280:
1239:Tripartite Convention
1151:Portuguese Mozambique
966:
949:German battlecruiser
948:
936:
928:
770:
722:
579:
6816:Treaty of Versailles
6532:Mount Lebanon famine
6447:in the United States
6415:Russian occupations
6129:Turkish–Armenian War
6070:Polish–Ukrainian War
6010:Ukrainian–Soviet War
5957:Central Asian Revolt
5740:Armistice of Focșani
5470:Battle of Sarikamish
5420:Battle of Tannenberg
4816:Military engagements
4643:27 July 2020 at the
4607:The Road to Sarajevo
4587:Clark, Christopher.
4462:Altarul Reîntregirii
4355:(31 December 2011).
4259:(31 December 2011).
4063:Google Print, p. 454
4051:Google Print, p. 218
4043:Google Print, p. 910
4037:by Norman Davies in
3975:on 23 September 2017
2905:were all forbidden.
2560:Non-state combatants
2540:abdication in 1917.
2231:Baltische Landeswehr
2144:Kingdom of Lithuania
2106:German client states
1991:. Prior to this the
1923:political-religious
1788:improve this article
1269:Montenegrin campaign
1006:general mobilization
971:fighter aircraft of
630:, also known as the
531:Dual Alliance (1879)
360:Kingdom of Lithuania
6883:They shall not pass
6806:Treaty of Bucharest
6763:Treaty of Bucharest
6702:USA against Germany
6679:Declarations of war
6383:German occupations
6296:British casualties
6155:Soviet–Georgian War
6082:Egyptian Revolution
6022:Armeno-Georgian War
5886:Somaliland campaign
5838:Armistice of Mudros
5715:Battle of Caporetto
5705:Battle of Mărășești
5675:Zimmermann telegram
5670:February Revolution
5615:Battle of the Somme
5539:Bug-Narew Offensive
5514:Battle of Gallipoli
5506:Sinking of the RMS
5298:Scramble for Africa
5292:Franco-Prussian War
4948:Sinai and Palestine
4740:Watson, Alexander.
4670:Hubatsch, Walther.
4605:Dedijer, Vladimir.
4214:. 25 September 2016
4071:Google Print, p. 68
3634:Bağlaşma Devletleri
3341:
3101:
2839:
2730:
2638:Bulgaria signed an
2566:Zimmermann Telegram
2516:revolted away from
2446:Somaliland Campaign
2223:United Baltic Duchy
2221:also known as the "
2071:With the Bolshevik
2039:fought against the
2013:Zaian Confederation
2007:Zaian Confederation
1993:Sultanate of Darfur
1981:Sultanate of Darfur
1967:Sultanate of Darfur
1935:, previously under
1911:Flag of the Senussi
1543:Declarations of war
1405:during his stay in
1345:Kingdom of Dalmatia
1079:Franco-Prussian War
1054:in April 1917, and
856:Tsardom of Bulgaria
702:Tsardom of Bulgaria
656:Quadruple Alliance.
597:of Austria-Hungary;
480:• Established
395:United Baltic Duchy
186:Sultanate of Darfur
116:Tsardom of Bulgaria
6843:Treaty of Lausanne
6758:Paris Economy Pact
6692:UK against Germany
6622:Entry into the war
6588:Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)
6307:Ottoman casualties
6117:Franco-Turkish War
5997:Post-War conflicts
5981:Russian Revolution
5963:Invasion of Darfur
5928:Kelantan rebellion
5916:Kurdish rebellions
5892:Mexican Revolution
5725:October Revolution
5690:Kerensky offensive
5665:Capture of Baghdad
5642:Monastir offensive
5627:Brusilov offensive
5465:Battle of Kolubara
5304:Russo-Japanese War
4656:Herweg, Holger H.
4594:Craig, Gordon A. "
4569:Aksakal, Mustafa.
4294:The New York Times
4261:"Erster Weltkrieg"
4059:Nation and History
3862:. 19/20: 151–162.
3628:İttıfâq Devletleri
3425:1,494,200 (11.82%)
3392:2,037,000 (13.65%)
3339:
3099:
3097:
3054:Poster for a 1916
2885:, to reduce their
2837:
2725:
2627:Ahl Haydara Mansur
2597:Irish Citizen Army
2572:Irish Nationalists
2538:King Constantine's
2490:
2417:
2255:Kingdom of Finland
2175:Pavlo Skoropadskyi
2075:of late 1917, the
1977:
1913:
1872:
1501:
1491:War justifications
1433:Yavuz Sultan Selim
1430:from Germany, the
1417:War justifications
1414:
1403:Yavuz Sultan Selim
1395:
1357:Kingdom of Hungary
1341:Kingdom of Bohemia
1302:War justifications
1299:
1283:
1119:German East Africa
1115:at the war's end.
986:
961:
943:
931:
921:War justifications
773:
765:
624:
613:The caption reads:
7290:
7289:
6999:Southern Rhodesia
6994:South West Africa
6909:
6908:
6892:
6891:
6876:The Golden Virgin
6870:Mutilated victory
6851:
6850:
6831:Treaty of Trianon
6826:Treaty of Neuilly
6733:Damascus Protocol
6606:
6605:
6566:Armenian genocide
6523:Allied blockades
6495:Belgian refugees
6278:
6277:
6188:Strategic bombing
6164:
6163:
6149:Franco-Syrian War
6123:Greco-Turkish War
6111:Anglo-Turkish War
6094:Polish–Soviet War
6028:German Revolution
6004:Russian Civil War
5987:Finnish Civil War
5813:Battle of Megiddo
5788:Battle of Goychay
5735:Battle of Cambrai
5695:Battle of Mărăști
5610:Battle of Jutland
5590:Erzurum offensive
5445:Siege of Przemyśl
5425:Siege of Tsingtao
5410:Battle of Galicia
5340:Second Balkan War
5328:Italo-Turkish War
5285:Pre-War conflicts
5271:
5270:
5161:Portuguese Empire
5077:
5076:
5039:German New Guinea
5021:Asian and Pacific
4747:Wawro, Geoffrey.
4701:(1923) pp 68–128.
4545:978-0-8153-0399-2
4506:978-0-313-38385-4
4297:. 21 March 1915.
4233:Dilebo, Getahun.
4039:Europe: A history
4007:978-0-295-96413-3
3963:Hall, Richard C.
3714:
3698:Központi hatalmak
3686:
3651:
3625:
3609:Központi hatalmak
3532:
3531:
3351:Killed in action
3337:
3336:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
2833:
2832:
2765:29 September 1918
2574:who launched the
2530:Kingdom of Greece
2524:Kingdom of Greece
2488:from 1914 to 1918
2348:Mountain Republic
2251:Finnish Civil War
2235:Russian Civil War
2123:Kingdom of Poland
2092:Northern Caucasus
1953:Italians in Libya
1951:and attacked the
1939:, which had been
1864:
1863:
1856:
1838:
1757:
1756:
1556:Declared against
1229:German New Guinea
1218:Siege of Tsingtao
1177:Maritz Rebellion.
1161:South West Africa
1103:Berlin Conference
1099:Otto von Bismarck
958:Battle of Jutland
864:
863:
778:Principal Nations
760:Neutral countries
574:
573:
570:
569:
564:
563:
459:Military alliance
426:Northern Caucasus
266:Kingdom of Poland
7380:
6936:
6929:
6922:
6913:
6912:
6836:Treaty of Sèvres
6728:Treaty of London
6619:
6618:
6397:Northeast France
6328:
6327:
6300:Parliamentarians
6233:
6232:
6195:Chemical weapons
6173:
6172:
5934:Senussi campaign
5904:Muscat rebellion
5898:Maritz rebellion
5866:
5808:Vardar offensive
5637:Battle of Romani
5605:Battle of Asiago
5595:Battle of Verdun
5559:Kosovo offensive
5334:First Balkan War
5282:
5281:
5181:Russian Republic
5090:
5089:
4884:
4883:
4826:Economic history
4793:
4786:
4779:
4770:
4769:
4761:Zametica, John.
4550:
4549:
4529:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4353:Quaderer, Rupert
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4320:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4257:Quaderer, Rupert
4253:
4244:
4243:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4204:
4195:
4194:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4119:
4116:
4110:
4107:
4101:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4031:
4025:
4018:
4012:
4011:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3971:. Archived from
3960:
3954:
3951:
3945:
3942:
3933:
3930:
3919:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3896:
3895:
3851:
3845:
3838:
3832:
3829:
3823:
3820:
3814:
3811:
3802:
3799:
3786:
3783:
3770:
3769:
3759:
3753:
3746:
3729:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3691:
3681:
3679:
3678:دورتلى اِتَّفَاق
3663:
3657:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3636:
3630:
3620:
3618:
3594:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3458:771,884 (10.84%)
3449:
3447:
3446:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3342:
3338:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3205:
3204:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3102:
3098:
3067:
3051:
3039:
3027:
2985:
2984:
2962:
2961:
2939:
2938:
2916:
2915:
2868:
2867:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2828:11 November 1918
2819:
2818:
2808:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2607:Irish Volunteers
2421:Ethiopian Empire
2237:in the Baltics.
2181:was overthrown.
2045:Ethiopian Empire
1961:Senussi Campaign
1891:"refounded" the
1889:Maritz Rebellion
1859:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1803:"Central Powers"
1796:
1772:
1764:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1547:
1546:
1529:Vardar Macedonia
1355:) comprised the
1202:British Togoland
1041:Treaty of London
867:Major Combatants
860:14 October 1915
854:
852:
851:
842:
839:29 October 1914
837:
828:
826:
825:
810:
808:
807:
792:
791:
775:
774:
759:
753:
747:
741:
733:
708:in the east and
593:Kaiser and King
555:
554:
541:
540:
527:
526:
520:
519:
507:
506:
446:
440:
438:
437:
430:
424:
423:
422:
415:
409:
408:
407:
400:
397:
393:
391:
390:
382:
379:
375:
373:
372:
364:
358:
357:
356:
349:
343:
342:
341:
334:
331:
327:
325:
324:
316:
310:
309:
301:
295:
293:
292:
285:
279:
278:
277:
270:
264:
263:
262:
255:
252:
248:
246:
245:
234:
233:
222:
221:
205:
201:Dervish Movement
199:
198:
197:
190:
184:
182:
181:
174:
168:
167:
166:
156:
155:
154:
147:
144:
140:
138:
137:
128:Co-belligerents:
121:
118:
114:
112:
111:
103:
99:
97:
96:
88:
84:
82:
81:
73:
69:
67:
66:
51:
32:
31:
7388:
7387:
7383:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7377:
7293:
7292:
7291:
7286:
7265:
7122:Austria-Hungary
7105:
7034:
7003:
6947:
6940:
6910:
6905:
6888:
6847:
6779:
6772:
6743:Treaty of Darin
6711:
6673:
6629:Austria-Hungary
6615:
6602:
6583:Rape of Belgium
6510:
6482:
6430:
6424:Western Armenia
6419:Eastern Galicia
6352:
6326:
6290:
6289:Civilian impact
6288:
6274:
6231:
6160:
5992:
5922:Ovambo Uprising
5874:
5860:
5749:
5651:
5578:
5496:Battle of Łomża
5479:
5475:Christmas truce
5450:Race to the Sea
5383:
5345:
5267:
5238:Austria-Hungary
5214:
5149:Empire of Japan
5086:
5084:
5073:
5057:U-boat campaign
5043:
5015:
4977:
4929:
4875:
4856:Popular culture
4802:
4797:
4726:Strachan, Hew.
4697:Pribram, A. F.
4683:Wayback Machine
4645:Wayback Machine
4612:Fay, Sidney B.
4559:
4557:Further reading
4554:
4553:
4546:
4530:
4526:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4489:
4485:
4454:
4450:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4368:
4366:
4350:
4346:
4336:
4334:
4321:
4317:
4307:
4305:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4272:
4270:
4254:
4247:
4231:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4163:
4159:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4122:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4077:
4032:
4028:
4019:
4015:
4008:
3992:
3988:
3978:
3976:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3936:
3931:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3908:
3899:
3868:10.2307/1512817
3852:
3848:
3839:
3835:
3830:
3826:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3805:
3800:
3789:
3784:
3773:
3760:
3756:
3747:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3674:Ottoman Turkish
3664:
3660:
3613:Ottoman Turkish
3595:
3591:
3586:
3537:
3477:
3475:
3444:
3442:
3418:Austria-Hungary
3411:
3409:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3256:
3254:
3228:
3226:
3207:Austria-Hungary
3199:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3071:
3068:
3059:
3052:
3043:
3040:
3031:
3028:
2992:
2979:
2956:
2933:
2910:
2862:
2813:
2807:4 November 1918
2802:Austria-Hungary
2792:
2786:30 October 1918
2771:
2750:
2672:Habsburg Empire
2636:
2631:
2585:Józef Piłsudski
2568:
2562:
2546:
2526:
2511:
2494:Austria-Hungary
2475:
2469:
2461:Tafari Makonnen
2414:Abdullahi Sadiq
2399:
2390:
2375:
2362:
2350:
2330:
2315:
2310:
2294:
2282:Treaty of Batum
2267:
2243:
2215:
2203:
2187:
2168:Ukrainian State
2164:
2152:
2140:
2127:Austria-Hungary
2119:
2114:
2108:
2069:
2033:
2009:
1969:
1937:Ottoman control
1905:
1877:
1860:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1797:
1795:
1785:
1773:
1762:
1760:Co-belligerents
1747:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1702:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1633:
1619:
1617:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1604:United Kingdom
1598:
1596:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1545:
1493:
1488:
1474:
1468:
1419:
1383:
1375:Main articles:
1373:
1333:
1304:
1275:
1261:
1259:Austria-Hungary
1253:Main articles:
1251:
1249:Austria-Hungary
1226:
1210:
1198:French Togoland
1137:, and parts of
1095:
1083:Alsace-Lorraine
1075:
1070:
1064:
1025:Schlieffen Plan
923:
918:
888:
876:Main articles:
874:
869:
849:
847:
840:
838:
835:
823:
821:
805:
803:
786:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
731:
686:
666:Triple Alliance
644:Austria-Hungary
632:Central Empires
622:
552:
538:
524:
494:
481:
450:
449:
444:
435:
433:
428:
420:
418:
413:
405:
403:
398:
388:
386:
380:
370:
368:
362:
354:
352:
347:
339:
337:
332:
322:
320:
314:
304:
299:
297:Ukrainian State
290:
288:
283:
275:
273:
268:
260:
258:
253:
243:
241:
228:
216:
208:
203:
195:
193:
188:
179:
177:
172:
164:
162:
152:
150:
145:
135:
133:
132:
124:
119:
109:
107:
94:
92:
86:Austria-Hungary
79:
77:
64:
62:
54:
37:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7386:
7376:
7375:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7303:Central Powers
7288:
7287:
7285:
7284:
7279:
7273:
7271:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7252:United Kingdom
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7202:Ottoman Empire
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7113:
7111:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7081:Ottoman Empire
7078:
7073:
7068:
7063:
7058:
7053:
7048:
7042:
7040:
7036:
7035:
7033:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7011:
7009:
7005:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6948:
6939:
6938:
6931:
6924:
6916:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6867:
6859:
6857:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6808:
6803:
6802:
6801:
6796:
6788:
6782:
6780:
6778:Peace treaties
6777:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6712:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6699:
6694:
6689:
6683:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6671:
6666:
6664:United Kingdom
6661:
6656:
6654:Ottoman Empire
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6616:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6558:
6556:Sack of Dinant
6553:
6548:
6543:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6535:
6534:
6520:
6518:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6506:
6504:United Kingdom
6501:
6492:
6490:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6464:
6458:POW locations
6456:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6440:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6413:
6408:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6381:
6380:
6379:
6374:
6366:
6360:
6358:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6334:
6332:
6325:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6317:
6309:
6304:
6303:
6302:
6293:
6291:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6276:
6275:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6258:United Kingdom
6255:
6253:Ottoman Empire
6250:
6245:
6239:
6237:
6230:
6229:
6227:Trench warfare
6224:
6223:
6222:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6191:
6190:
6179:
6177:
6170:
6166:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6158:
6152:
6146:
6140:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6114:
6103:
6097:
6091:
6085:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6055:
6049:
6043:
6037:
6031:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5984:
5978:
5972:
5966:
5960:
5954:
5948:
5943:
5940:Volta-Bani War
5937:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5867:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5778:Zeebrugge Raid
5775:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5661:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5569:Battle of Loos
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5460:Black Sea raid
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5362:Historiography
5353:
5351:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5337:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5316:Bosnian Crisis
5313:
5310:Tangier Crisis
5307:
5301:
5295:
5288:
5286:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5243:Ottoman Empire
5240:
5235:
5230:
5224:
5222:
5220:Central Powers
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5203:British Empire
5198:United Kingdom
5195:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5176:Russian Empire
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5129:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5094:Entente Powers
5087:
5082:
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5064:
5062:North Atlantic
5053:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4973:Central Arabia
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4935:Middle Eastern
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4910:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4892:
4890:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4836:Historiography
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4796:
4795:
4788:
4781:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4724:
4709:
4704:Rich, Norman.
4702:
4695:
4685:
4668:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4630:
4621:
4610:
4603:
4592:
4585:
4574:
4567:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4524:
4512:
4505:
4483:
4464:(1): 479–501.
4448:
4409:
4376:
4344:
4315:
4280:
4245:
4225:
4196:
4177:(6): 147–148.
4157:
4132:
4120:
4111:
4102:
4093:
4084:
4075:
4026:
4013:
4006:
3986:
3955:
3946:
3934:
3920:
3911:
3897:
3846:
3833:
3824:
3815:
3803:
3787:
3771:
3765:Out of my life
3754:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3721:
3717:Četvoren sūjuz
3689:Dörtlü İttıfâq
3658:
3654:Centralni sili
3643:Централни сили
3588:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3491:75,844 (6.32%)
3489:
3486:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3451:Ottoman Empire
3439:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3373:
3372:
3369:of total force
3365:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:Ottoman Empire
3223:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3127:
3126:
3123:GDP per capita
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3088:
3085:
3080:Main article:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3062:
3060:
3056:charity bazaar
3053:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3005:
2996:
2989:Ottoman Empire
2986:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2781:Ottoman Empire
2778:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2644:Allied advance
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:Polish Legions
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2589:Polish legions
2561:
2558:
2545:
2542:
2525:
2522:
2510:
2507:
2468:
2465:
2430:Horn of Africa
2398:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2374:
2371:
2361:
2358:
2349:
2346:
2329:
2326:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2293:
2290:
2266:
2263:
2242:
2239:
2214:
2211:
2202:
2199:
2186:
2183:
2163:
2160:
2151:
2148:
2139:
2136:
2118:
2115:
2107:
2104:
2100:Battle of Baku
2068:
2065:
2061:Ottoman Empire
2049:Italian Empire
2041:British Empire
2032:
2029:
2008:
2005:
1975:Flag of Darfur
1968:
1965:
1931:) and clan in
1904:
1901:
1876:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1776:
1774:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1711:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1679:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1615:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1578:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1492:
1489:
1470:Main article:
1467:
1464:
1450:) launching a
1418:
1415:
1377:Ottoman Empire
1372:
1371:Ottoman Empire
1369:
1353:Transleithania
1332:
1329:
1303:
1300:
1250:
1247:
1225:
1222:
1209:
1206:
1184:, now part of
1094:
1091:
1074:
1071:
1066:Main article:
1063:
1060:
1058:in July 1917.
922:
919:
873:
870:
868:
865:
862:
861:
858:
844:
843:
834:2 August 1914
832:
830:Ottoman Empire
818:
817:
816:1 August 1914
814:
800:
799:
796:
783:
782:
779:
771:Europe in 1914
762:
761:
755:
749:
748:Central Powers
743:
737:
729:
723:
714:United Kingdom
706:Russian Empire
698:Ottoman Empire
685:
682:
678:Triple Entente
648:Ottoman Empire
628:Central Powers
621:
620:
617:
614:
611:
605:
598:
591:
584:
580:
572:
571:
568:
567:
565:
562:
561:
556:
548:
547:
542:
534:
533:
528:
516:
515:
513:
503:
502:
499:
498:
495:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
465:Historical era
462:
461:
456:
452:
451:
448:
447:
431:
416:
401:
383:
365:
350:
335:
317:
302:
286:
271:
256:
238:
226:
214:
212:Client States:
207:
206:
191:
175:
160:
148:
130:
123:
122:
104:
101:Ottoman Empire
89:
74:
55:
52:
44:
43:
39:
38:
36:Central Powers
35:
23:alliance, see
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7385:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7274:
7272:
7268:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7182:Liechtenstein
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7108:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7072:
7069:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7059:
7057:
7054:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7044:
7043:
7041:
7037:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7025:United States
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7006:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6950:
6945:
6937:
6932:
6930:
6925:
6923:
6918:
6917:
6914:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6895:
6885:
6884:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6865:
6861:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6844:
6841:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6775:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6714:
6708:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6670:
6669:United States
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6635:
6632:
6630:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6620:
6617:
6614:
6609:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6540:
6537:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6355:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6329:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6301:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6294:
6292:
6286:
6281:
6271:
6270:United States
6268:
6264:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6234:
6228:
6225:
6221:
6220:Convoy system
6218:
6217:
6216:
6215:Naval warfare
6213:
6211:
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6185:
6184:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6156:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6144:
6141:
6138:
6135:
6130:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6065:
6062:
6059:
6056:
6053:
6050:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5988:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5975:Kaocen revolt
5973:
5970:
5969:Easter Rising
5967:
5964:
5961:
5958:
5955:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5917:
5914:
5911:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5877:
5871:
5868:
5864:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5581:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5534:Great Retreat
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5405:Battle of Cer
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5341:
5338:
5335:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5323:
5322:Agadir Crisis
5320:
5317:
5314:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5274:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5210:United States
5208:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5127:French Empire
5125:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5080:
5070:
5069:Mediterranean
5067:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5049:Naval warfare
5046:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4925:Italian Front
4923:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4913:Eastern Front
4911:
4909:
4908:Western Front
4906:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Puppet states
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4771:
4764:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4750:
4746:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4623:Gooch, G. P.
4622:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4565:
4562:Akin, Yigit.
4561:
4560:
4547:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4528:
4521:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4325:"Neutralität"
4319:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4268:
4267:
4262:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4229:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4144:
4136:
4127:
4125:
4115:
4106:
4097:
4088:
4079:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4023:
4017:
4009:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3990:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3950:
3941:
3939:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3915:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3844:, pp 111-126.
3843:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3810:
3808:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3766:
3758:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3725:
3718:
3712:
3706:Четворен съюз
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3655:
3649:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3623:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3440:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3374:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3320:
3317:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3284:
3280:
3264:
3252:
3236:
3224:
3208:
3203:
3197:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3143:
3140:
3128:
3122:
3120:($ billion)
3117:
3115:(million km)
3112:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3083:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Saint-Germain
2923:
2921:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2860:
2853:
2852:
2841:
2835:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2576:Easter Rising
2573:
2567:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2506:
2504:
2499:
2498:customs union
2495:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2467:Liechtenstein
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2442:Leo Frobenius
2439:
2435:
2432:. Its ruler,
2431:
2427:
2422:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:Yemen Vilayet
2370:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2338:Musavat Party
2335:
2332:In 1918, the
2325:
2323:
2319:
2318:Jabal Shammar
2313:Jabal Shammar
2305:
2303:
2302:Pyotr Krasnov
2299:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:Army of Islam
2093:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:Client states
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:German Empire
2054:
2053:French Empire
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:Dervish State
2031:Dervish State
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:British Ally.
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1917:Senussi Order
1909:
1903:Senussi Order
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1868:
1858:
1855:
1847:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1808:
1805: –
1804:
1800:
1799:Find sources:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1777:This section
1775:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1744:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1712:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1680:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1643:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1497:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1163:, modern-day
1162:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:Belgian Congo
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:United States
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1037:Great Britain
1034:
1030:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1002:
999:
995:
991:
984:
980:
976:
975:
970:
965:
959:
955:
954:
947:
940:
935:
927:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
887:
886:German Empire
883:
879:
872:German Empire
859:
857:
846:
845:
833:
831:
820:
819:
815:
813:
812:German Empire
802:
801:
798:28 July 1914
797:
795:
790:
785:
784:
780:
777:
776:
769:
756:
750:
744:
738:
736:
735:Allied Powers
730:
728:
725:
724:
721:
717:
716:in the west.
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:German Empire
684:Member states
681:
679:
675:
674:Allied Powers
671:
667:
663:
658:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
640:German Empire
637:
633:
629:
618:
615:
612:
610:
606:
603:
599:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:
581:
578:
566:
560:
557:
550:
549:
546:
543:
536:
535:
532:
529:
522:
521:
518:
517:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
487:
483:
477:
473:
470:
467:
463:
460:
457:
453:
443:
432:
427:
417:
412:
402:
396:
384:
378:
366:
361:
351:
346:
336:
330:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
287:
282:
272:
267:
257:
251:
239:
237:
236:Yemen Vilayet
232:
227:
225:
220:
215:
213:
210:
209:
202:
192:
187:
176:
171:
161:
159:
158:Jabal Shammar
149:
143:
131:
129:
126:
125:
117:
105:
102:
90:
87:
75:
72:
71:German Empire
60:
59:
58:
50:
45:
40:
33:
30:
26:
22:
6989:South Africa
6881:
6874:
6862:
6469: /
6401:
6236:Conscription
6200:Cryptography
6137:Iraqi Revolt
5564:Siege of Kut
5507:
5219:
5085:participants
5034:German Samoa
4968:South Arabia
4762:
4755:
4748:
4741:
4737:(1996) 816pp
4734:
4727:
4721:online vol 2
4717:online vol 1
4712:
4705:
4698:
4688:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4633:
4624:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4588:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4534:
4527:
4515:
4492:
4486:
4461:
4451:
4426:
4422:
4412:
4400:. Retrieved
4388:
4379:
4367:. Retrieved
4360:
4347:
4337:28 September
4335:. Retrieved
4328:
4318:
4306:. Retrieved
4292:
4283:
4273:28 September
4271:. Retrieved
4264:
4240:
4235:
4228:
4216:. Retrieved
4211:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4142:
4135:
4114:
4105:
4096:
4087:
4078:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4035:puppet state
4029:
4021:
4016:
3996:
3989:
3979:22 September
3977:. Retrieved
3973:the original
3968:
3958:
3949:
3914:
3859:
3849:
3841:
3836:
3827:
3818:
3764:
3757:
3744:
3724:
3661:
3617:اتفاق دولتري
3601:Mittelmächte
3592:
3508:
3301:
3282:
3180:
2637:
2569:
2547:
2527:
2512:
2491:
2457:
2450:
2418:
2391:
2376:
2363:
2351:
2331:
2316:
2298:Don Republic
2295:
2268:
2244:
2219:Baltic State
2216:
2213:Baltic State
2204:
2188:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2120:
2085:
2070:
2034:
2010:
1979:In 1915 the
1978:
1914:
1878:
1850:
1844:January 2022
1841:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1798:
1786:Please help
1781:verification
1778:
1515:. It signed
1502:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1420:
1402:
1337:Cisleithania
1334:
1325:
1321:
1305:
1235:German Samoa
1233:
1227:
1211:
1180:
1169:South Africa
1159:
1117:
1107:
1096:
1076:
1045:
1021:
1018:
987:
972:
952:
781:Entered WWI
726:
687:
659:
655:
631:
627:
625:
595:Franz Joseph
510:
442:Don Republic
254:(until 1915)
211:
146:(until 1915)
127:
56:
29:
21:World War II
7282:New Zealand
7242:Switzerland
7192:Netherlands
6964:East Africa
6944:World War I
6942:History of
6499:Netherlands
6476:Switzerland
6357:Occupations
6348:Spanish flu
6125:(1919–1922)
6119:(1918–1921)
6113:(1918–1923)
6102:(1919–1921)
6096:(1919–1921)
6090:(1919–1920)
6066:(1918–1920)
6060:(1918–1920)
6054:(1918–1920)
6036:(1918–1920)
6018:(1918–1920)
6012:(1917–1921)
6006:(1917–1921)
5953:(1916-1918)
5951:Arab Revolt
5942:(1915–1917)
5936:(1915–1917)
5924:(1914-1917)
5918:(1914–1917)
5912:(1914–1921)
5906:(1913–1920)
5894:(1910–1920)
5888:(1900–1920)
5861: [
5379:July Crisis
5300:(1880–1914)
4963:Mesopotamia
4841:Home fronts
4800:World War I
4402:11 February
4365:(in German)
4333:(in German)
4269:(in German)
3568:Axis powers
3546:Color books
3364:casualties
3110:(millions)
2684:New Zealand
2438:Arab Revolt
2408:, ruler of
2247:Grand Duchy
1699:1 September
1553:Declared by
1533:Balkan Wars
1448:SMS Breslau
1351:. Hungary (
1087:revanchists
969:Fokker Dr.I
636:World War I
590:of Germany;
511:Preceded by
469:World War I
445:(from 1918)
429:(from 1918)
414:(from 1918)
399:(from 1918)
381:(from 1918)
363:(from 1918)
348:(from 1918)
333:(from 1918)
315:(from 1918)
300:(from 1918)
284:(from 1918)
269:(from 1916)
204:(from 1915)
189:(from 1915)
173:(from 1915)
120:(from 1915)
25:Axis powers
7297:Categories
7187:Luxembourg
6716:Agreements
6516:War crimes
6392:Luxembourg
6285:Casualties
5156:Montenegro
4991:South West
4871:Technology
4861:Propaganda
4851:Opposition
4218:22 October
3736:References
3525:18,812,290
3519:10,803,533
3513:25,257,321
3389:13,250,000
3371:mobilized
3359:in action
3348:Mobilized
3108:Population
3087:Statistics
2899:submarines
2877:Versailles
2846:Treaty of
2688:Australian
2564:See also:
2514:Upper Asir
2509:Upper Asir
2342:Bolsheviks
2328:Azerbaijan
2322:Arab state
2088:Azerbaijan
2051:, and the
1929:Sufi order
1814:newspapers
1657:19 October
1630:16 October
1614:Montenegro
1593:15 October
1566:14 October
1476:See also:
1452:naval raid
1446:(formerly
1440:) and the
1438:SMS Goeben
1436:(formerly
1391:Suez Canal
1347:, and the
1323:conflict.
1316:South Slav
1291:Mount Zion
1263:See also:
1155:Tanganyika
1139:Mozambique
1001:Wilhelm II
890:See also:
841:(publicly)
836:(secretly)
588:Wilhelm II
329:Azerbaijan
7277:Australia
7086:Palestine
7056:Hong Kong
7030:Venezuela
6613:Diplomacy
6320:Olympians
6243:Australia
6210:Logistics
6143:Vlora War
6072:(1918–19)
6048:(1918–19)
6042:(1918–19)
6030:(1918–19)
5977:(1916–17)
5959:(1916–17)
5910:Zaian War
5900:(1914–15)
5620:first day
5508:Lusitania
5336:(1912–13)
5330:(1911–12)
5318:(1908–09)
5312:(1905–06)
5294:(1870–71)
5083:Principal
4943:Gallipoli
4846:Memorials
4831:Geography
4821:Aftermath
4634:Historian
4478:1584-8051
4443:1937-5239
4369:3 October
4308:6 October
4303:0362-4331
4191:0361-2759
4022:Historian
3892:193058659
3876:0077-8958
3711:romanized
3702:Bulgarian
3694:Hungarian
3683:romanized
3648:romanized
3639:Bulgarian
3622:romanized
3605:Hungarian
3584:Footnotes
3522:3,629,829
3516:4,378,928
3488:1,200,000
3467:1,785,000
3455:3,056,000
3434:7,314,200
3431:2,200,000
3428:3,620,000
3422:7,800,000
3401:9,456,943
3398:1,152,800
3395:6,267,143
3144:Mainland
2903:air force
2901:, and an
2883:Rhineland
2728:armistice
2656:Palestine
2654:gains in
2648:Macedonia
2640:armistice
2532:was in a
2434:Lij Iyasu
2406:Lij Iyasu
2138:Lithuania
2021:Zaian War
1947:declared
1753:Bulgaria
1689:Bulgaria
1652:Bulgaria
1625:Bulgaria
1424:Bosphorus
1331:Territory
1295:Jerusalem
1241:. It was
1073:In Europe
951:SMS
492:Dissolved
42:1914–1918
7212:Portugal
7132:Bulgaria
7046:Caucasus
7008:Americas
6974:Ethiopia
6901:Category
6488:Refugees
6454:Italians
6443:Germans
6403:Ober Ost
6183:Aviation
5277:Timeline
5248:Bulgaria
5029:Tsingtao
5006:Togoland
4953:Caucasus
4888:European
4880:Theatres
4693:in JSTOR
4679:Archived
4641:Archived
4620:, passim
4212:BBC News
3748:e.g. in
3670:Vierbund
3535:See also
3484:Bulgaria
3354:Wounded
3345:Country
3315:1,096.5
3263:Bulgaria
3162:Colonies
3105:Country
3003:Lausanne
2943:Bulgaria
2849:Results
2843:Country
2760:Bulgaria
2734:Country
2692:Canadian
2674:and the
2410:Ethiopia
2397:Ethiopia
2112:Ober Ost
2090:and the
2059:and the
1721:Romania
1710:Bulgaria
1577:Bulgaria
1466:Bulgaria
1411:Mehmed V
1407:Istanbul
1359:and the
1243:occupied
1190:campaign
1182:Togoland
1127:Zanzibar
1125:(except
1123:Tanzania
1109:Cameroon
953:Seydlitz
712:and the
692:and the
668:before,
652:Bulgaria
602:Mehmed V
224:Ober Ost
19:For the
7270:Oceania
7260:Ireland
7247:Ukraine
7217:Romania
7172:Ireland
7167:Hungary
7157:Germany
7147:Estonia
7142:Denmark
7137:Croatia
7127:Belgium
7117:Albania
7096:Vietnam
6984:Morocco
6979:Liberia
6639:Germany
6539:Germany
6467:Germany
6387:Belgium
6372:Albania
6331:Disease
6311:Sports
6263:Ireland
6176:Warfare
6169:Aspects
5357:Origins
5350:Prelude
5253:Senussi
5233:Germany
5228:Leaders
5166:Romania
5107:Belgium
5102:Leaders
5001:Kamerun
4983:African
4918:Romania
4896:Balkans
4811:Outline
4730:(2003).
4674:(1963)
4667:(1982).
4660:(2009).
4580:(1927)
4573:(2010).
3884:1512817
3713::
3685::
3650::
3624::
3500:255,263
3494:153,390
3464:250,000
3461:763,163
3385:Germany
3357:Missing
3265:(1915)
3237:(1914)
3209:(1914)
3141:(1914)
3139:Germany
3076:Leaders
2971:Trianon
2966:Hungary
2948:Neuilly
2920:Austria
2872:Germany
2823:Germany
2716:Belgium
2700:British
2696:Belgian
2668:Hungary
2664:Austria
2550:Romania
2544:Romania
2426:Liberia
2320:was an
2278:Borjomi
2265:Georgia
2241:Finland
2162:Ukraine
2150:Belarus
2098:in the
2025:Morocco
2019:in the
1989:Senussi
1959:in the
1828:scholar
1588:Serbia
1513:Romania
1443:Midilli
1393:in 1914
1224:Pacific
1175:in the
1165:Namibia
1135:Burundi
1029:Belgium
967:German
941:in 1915
600:Sultan
586:Kaiser
490:•
377:Belarus
312:Georgia
281:Finland
170:Senussi
7237:Sweden
7227:Serbia
7222:Russia
7207:Poland
7197:Norway
7162:Greece
7152:France
7110:Europe
7020:Canada
7015:Brazil
6959:Angola
6952:Africa
6659:Russia
6634:France
6462:Canada
6377:Serbia
6248:Canada
6205:Horses
6157:(1921)
6151:(1920)
6145:(1920)
6139:(1920)
6131:(1920)
6084:(1919)
6078:(1919)
6024:(1918)
5989:(1918)
5983:(1917)
5971:(1916)
5965:(1916)
5930:(1915)
5342:(1913)
5324:(1911)
5306:(1905)
5263:Darfur
5188:Serbia
5171:Russia
5134:Greece
5122:France
5112:Brazil
4958:Persia
4901:Serbia
4758:(1991)
4751:(2014)
4744:(2014)
4676:online
4638:online
4618:online
4591:(2013)
4582:online
4566:(2018)
4542:
4503:
4476:
4441:
4301:
4189:
4004:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3666:German
3597:German
3497:27,029
3481:
3448:
3415:
3382:
3331:622.8
3325:259.0
3309:793.3
3303:Allies
3296:2,459
3293:383.9
3287:156.1
3277:1,527
3260:
3249:1,100
3232:
3221:1,980
3218:100.5
3194:3,227
3191:250.7
3156:3,648
3153:244.3
3136:
2999:Sèvres
2994:Turkey
2712:France
2704:French
2580:Dublin
2185:Crimea
2172:Hetman
2132:Russia
2117:Poland
2073:attack
2017:France
1995:was a
1925:tariqa
1921:Muslim
1919:was a
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1751:
1742:Greece
1740:
1731:2 July
1719:
1708:
1687:
1678:Russia
1676:
1668:Italy
1666:
1650:
1641:France
1639:
1623:
1612:
1602:
1586:
1575:
1521:German
1509:Greece
1505:defeat
1484:, and
1460:Russia
1343:, the
1312:Serbia
1271:, and
1194:Allies
1131:Rwanda
1093:Africa
1056:Greece
1014:France
1010:Russia
998:Kaiser
994:Serbia
979:Erchin
977:26 at
939:Warsaw
914:, and
884:, and
853:
827:
809:
758:
752:
746:
740:
732:
710:France
696:. The
650:, and
646:, the
455:Status
439:
411:Crimea
392:
374:
326:
294:
247:
183:
139:
113:
98:
83:
68:
7256:Wales
7232:Spain
7177:Italy
7101:Yemen
7076:Japan
7061:India
7051:China
6969:Egypt
6856:Other
6649:Japan
6644:Italy
6471:camps
6315:Rugby
5865:]
5144:Japan
5139:Italy
5117:China
5011:North
3888:S2CID
3880:JSTOR
3509:Total
3362:Total
3328:22.6
3312:67.5
3283:Total
3246:25.3
3240:23.0
3212:50.6
3185:77.7
3181:Total
3166:10.7
3147:67.0
3125:($ )
2895:Tanks
2857:Name
2854:Flag
2745:Name
2742:Flag
2737:Date
2660:Syria
2622:BMORK
2373:Yemen
2366:Qatar
2360:Qatar
1985:Sudan
1949:jihad
1933:Libya
1835:JSTOR
1821:books
1726:1917
1694:1916
1561:1915
1456:Odesa
1363:. In
1186:Ghana
1048:Italy
1033:Paris
974:Jasta
670:Italy
607:Tsar
250:Qatar
7091:Siam
7071:Iraq
7066:Iran
7039:Asia
6436:POWs
5755:1918
5657:1917
5583:1916
5484:1915
5388:1914
5193:Siam
4996:East
4540:ISBN
4501:ISBN
4474:ISSN
4439:ISSN
4404:2024
4371:2023
4339:2023
4310:2023
4299:ISSN
4275:2023
4220:2018
4187:ISSN
4057:and
4002:ISBN
3981:2017
3872:ISSN
3528:75%
3503:21%
3470:60%
3437:94%
3404:71%
3290:6.0
3274:7.4
3271:0.1
3268:4.8
3243:1.8
3215:0.6
3188:3.5
3175:601
3172:6.4
3169:3.0
3150:0.5
3113:Land
2891:navy
2887:army
2714:and
2706:and
2666:and
2658:and
2652:Arab
2552:was
2528:The
2518:Asir
2419:The
2352:The
2296:The
2269:The
2257:. A
2217:The
2205:The
2189:The
2166:The
2154:The
2142:The
2121:The
2035:The
2011:The
1999:The
1955:and
1915:The
1885:Boer
1807:news
1550:Date
1523:and
1511:and
1379:and
1257:and
1212:The
1208:Asia
1200:and
626:The
497:1918
484:1914
4598:".
4466:doi
4431:doi
4393:doi
4179:doi
4148:doi
3864:doi
3118:GDP
2646:in
2578:in
2458:Ras
2292:Don
1790:by
1293:in
1129:),
981:in
7299::
7258:,
5863:It
4719:;
4499:.
4497:49
4472:.
4460:.
4437:.
4427:82
4425:.
4421:.
4391:.
4387:.
4359:.
4327:.
4291:.
4263:.
4248:^
4210:.
4199:^
4185:.
4173:.
4169:.
4123:^
3967:.
3937:^
3923:^
3900:^
3886:.
3878:.
3870:.
3858:.
3806:^
3790:^
3774:^
3708:,
3704::
3700:,
3696::
3692:,
3680:,
3676::
3672:,
3668::
3645:,
3641::
3637:;
3631:,
3619:,
3615::
3611:;
3607::
3603:;
3599::
2897:,
2708:US
2702:,
2698:,
2694:,
2690:,
2686:,
2662:.
2484:,
2384:.
2288:.
2102:.
2083:.
2047:,
2043:,
1963:.
1480:,
1267:,
1220:.
1204:.
1157:.
1149:,
1133:,
996:,
910:,
906:,
902:,
898:,
894:,
880:,
680:.
642:,
7262:)
7254:(
6935:e
6928:t
6921:v
6287:/
4792:e
4785:t
4778:v
4584:.
4548:.
4509:.
4480:.
4468::
4445:.
4433::
4406:.
4395::
4373:.
4341:.
4312:.
4277:.
4222:.
4193:.
4181::
4175:2
4154:.
4150::
4069:(
4061:(
4049:(
4041:(
4010:.
3983:.
3894:.
3866::
3001:/
2991:/
1927:(
1857:)
1851:(
1846:)
1842:(
1832:·
1825:·
1818:·
1811:·
1784:.
27:.
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