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American whaling crews in order to escape Cape Verde, a land plagued with poor natural resources and an often abusive
Portuguese colonial government. By the mid-1800s New Bedford had transformed into an economic maritime center, where Cape Verdeans were not only about to excel in the whaling industry but in other maritime industries (such as fishing) as well. New Bedford Whaling Museum explains, “As the 20th century went on and the ties between the islands and the port strengthened, entrepreneurs like Roy Teixeira, Henrique Mendes, Louis Lopes, Frank Lopes and Antonio Cardoza purchased, managed and owned packet ships like the Coriolanus, the Savoia, and the Arcturus... Importantly, not only did Cape Verdeans settle in New Bedford, but between 1860 and 1965 41% of the packets trading between New England and the Islands were owned by Cape Verdeans.”
571:
in separate communities from Afro
Americans. However, during the civil rights struggles of the 60s, the Cape Verdeans saw similarities between their own struggle and that of African Americans and emerged a sense of solidarity with them. While some islands have a heavy European-descended population, most Cape Verdeans have African ancestry mixed with European and Moorish Jews. Because later people from all over the world settled in Cape Verde, not only Europeans, the population is one of the most unusual ethnic melting pots in the world. Due to this uniqueness, most Cape Verdeans choose to cite "Cape Verdean" as their race, which not only reflects a strong sense of patriotism, but a sense of community that is only found among Cape Verdeans regardless of skin tone.
382:
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preserving history, not practicing doctrine. Accordingly, one of the major goals of the movement is preservation of Jewish cemeteries in Cape Verde. A manifestation of this interest is the annual Cape
Verdean - Jewish Passover Seder held in Roxbury, Massachusetts since 2005 The Seder brings together Cape Verdean and Jewish Americans in a celebration of both cultures. The traditional Seder is adapted with a bilingual Haggadah that includes Criolu prayers and elements of Cape Verdean history, such as the addition of Amilcar's Cup.
254:
Americans from visiting the islands for fear of being denied reentry to the United States. The two communities thus were relatively isolated from each other for approximately 40 years. With doors to
America closed, Cape Verdeans began to immigrate in larger numbers to Europe, South America, and West Africa along routes charted by commercial shipping and the Portuguese colonial empire. During the same period some Cape Verdean Americans migrated from the long-established East Coast communities to the steel towns of
590:
relationships to develop without traditional suppression. As a result, when it comes to hair textures, skin and eye colores there are a wide variety ranging from blue and blond eyes on the islands of Fogo and Brava, to crisp and darker shades on the island of
Santiago. Yet it is not uncommon for nuclear families to have a variety of tones and textures for members. The uniqueness of Cape Verdeans is reflected in the Massachusetts census permitting a "Cape-Verdean" check-box for ethnic identification.
304:
273:, the U.S. government relaxed its regulations, and a new wave of Cape Verdean immigration began. The new arrivals in Boston, Brockton, Taunton and Onset, Massachusetts; Pawtucket, Rhode Island; Waterbury, Connecticut; Brooklyn, and Yonkers, New York; and other communities on the East Coast met a Cape Verdean-American ethnic group whose members looked like them, but differed culturally. Separated for so long, the groups knew little of each other's recent history or treasured memories.
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establish their own masses in Criolu at many
Massachusetts Catholic Churches. One such church is the St. Patrick's Church of Roxbury which has held a mass in Criolu for years. However, many Cape Verdean Catholics encountered racial prejudice amongst Portuguese parishioners and looked for religious alternatives. In New Bedford, the Cape Verdean community established the Our Lady of Assumption, the first Cape Verdean American church, in 1905 in response to such prejudice.
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abandoned the old sailing ships, the Cape
Verdeans bought the decrepit vessels out of their earnings as seamen and kept patching them up with loving care. Eventually, they came to own almost all that remained of the New Bedford fleet, either by purchase or by default. In some cases, they received the ships as outright gifts and "sailed them all over the earth with their own crews and made a modest profit by whaling in the old and tried manner."
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came to Cape Verde in 1842, the elites began publishing written work in CVC for the first time. Additionally, the
Seminary of São Nicolau was created in 1866, which allowed for the elite mixed race and the black elite to have access to education and begin a scholarly debate about CVC. These developments, along with other improvements in technology, allowed the study of CVC to flourish in Cape Verde.
646:, which celebrates Cape Verde's unique heritage, consequently referring to the language not in terms of its African or Portuguese heritage, but rather as its own unique hybrid of the two that has its own history and cultural significance. Proponents of this school of thought argue that the processes of miscegenation and creolization were positive, rather than negative as the
281:(PAIGC). This newfound independence allowed a new path that would be essential to the migration of Cape Verdean American as Cape Verde was one of few African countries allowing overflight of European and U.S. air travel. This was accompanied by two further actions of independence that aided Cape Verdean migration: broken political unity between
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Furthermore, in spite of colonial ties to
Catholicism and the Portuguese, many Cape Verdeans turned towards Protestantism in response to discrimination and a lack of support from the Archdiocese. In response to racism from the Portuguese community in Providence, the Cape Verdean community founded the
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when they came to
America. Cape Verdeans retained a unique culture apart from African Americans. This was especially true for those who settled outside the Cape Verde environments concentrated in New England, and settled in the Midwest. The Cape Verdeans maintained their own ethnic identity and lived
211:
valued Cape Verdeans as crew, because they “worked hard to save what they could while on board vessel they could be hired for much less money than American seamen. Furthermore, they made a disciplined crew.” The Cape Verdeans were universally regarded as "hardworking, honest seamen." When all others
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While Christianity is the dominant ideology of Cape Verdeans in Cape Verde and the diaspora, there has been an interest in the Jewish ancestry of Cape Verdeans amongst Cape Verdean Americans. The Cape Verdean Jewish Heritage movement is mainly led by the diaspora and its interest is predominantly in
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between Portuguese colonizers and the members of African colonies throughout their empire (with the government often rewarding soldiers and officials with monetary or land benefits if they married indigenous people). Also, the prime location and solidarity found in the island allowed for interracial
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Due to a history of Portuguese colonization, the vast majority of Cape Verdeans and Cape Verdean Americans are Roman Catholic. Early Cape Verdean migrants to the United States originally joined Portuguese parishes that had sprung up throughout Southeastern Massachusetts. Cape Verdeans also began to
276:
Full independence was achieved by Cape Verde on July 5, 1975 after a long struggle for complete rights and unrestricted control from the struggle of the country's colonial past. Though growing nationalism, prior efforts for independence slowly gained momentum and territory led by the efforts of the
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Cape Verdean migration to the United States in the 19th century and early 20th century was composed of the islands' poorer classes. In 1922, the U.S. government restricted the immigration of peoples of color, greatly reducing Cape Verdean immigration. The new regulations also prevented Cape Verdean
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Formal CVC language research in both Cape Verde and America has been ongoing since the late 1800s. The elite class of the island was mostly responsible for recording the earlier studies of the language in an attempt to make CVC more acceptable as an artistic language. When the first printing press
239:
One of the major forces that brought Cape Verdeans to the Americas was the whaling industry. American whalers from New Bedford first began travelling to the islands in the 1790s, and further developed their trade as time progressed into the 19th century. During this time, many Cape Verdeans joined
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also started his first church among a Cape Verdean community in Wareham, Massachusetts in response to rejection by Portuguese Catholics. In addition to Daddy Grace, who later founded a national religious movement, the United House of Prayer for All People, around his cult of personality, the Cape
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is a mixture of Portuguese and the native African tongues spoken by slaves. In some Islands (mainly Fogo and Brava) there is a lot English vocabulary adopted. Although much of the vocabulary stems from Portuguese, many of these words were no longer used in twentieth-century Portugal. The African
236:. The latter are the oldest and largest Cape Verdean communities in the United States. These communities and new Cape Verdean communities are marked by close kinship ties and interdependence among families, a traditional Cape Verdean practice that has been passed down through the generations.
1758:
Williams, Dwayne E. "Rethinking the African Diaspora: A Comparative Look at Race and Identity in a Transatlantic Community, 1878 - 1921." Ed. Jacqueline McLeod. Crossing Boundaries: Comparative History of Black People in Diaspora. Ed. Darlene Clark Hind. N.p.: Indiana UP, 2000. N. pag.
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leading to a wave of mass emigration. Once on whaling ships and in America, Cape Verdean men were able to send home money and news of other family and friends already in “the land of opportunity.” They also sent bidons (gasoline barrels) full of food, clothes, and other items from
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on the Internet. Sónia Melo discusses how Cape Verdean websites have become important for linking diaspora communities with each other, for maintaining ties with Cape Verde, and for the local politics of emigrant communities in their countries of residence.
712:. These quick tempo, percussion filled styles are high energy songs that are typically accompanied by hip-moving dance. These styles were banned previously due to overly sexual allegations but are now re-emerging in the past decade.
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675:. Today, a greater proportion of newly arrived Cape Verdean immigrants to the United States identify as Protestant due to an increased presence of evangelical missionaries in Cape Verde following its independence.
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Cape Verdean music has evolved to be composed of diverse styles and genres that reflect its mixture of racial identities, such as: African, Portuguese, Caribbean and Brazilian influences. Older styles include
1777:
Halter, Marilyn. "Cape Verdeans in the U.S." Transnational Archipelago: Perspectives on Cape Verdean Migration and Diaspora. By Luís Batalha and Jørgen Carling. Amsterdam: Amsterdam UP, 2008. N. pag. Print.
1204:
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Sigler, Danielle Brune. "Daddy Grace: An Immigrant's Story." Immigrant Faiths: Transforming Religious Life in America. By Karen Isaksen Leonard. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira, 2005. N. pag. Print.
700:. These styles, though distinct, carry a commonality of somber, slow, and soulful tone that often reflects themes of love, longing, and nostalgia. Re-emerging forms of Caper Verdean Music are
1137:"PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea, 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates"
1914:
Tchuba, the American Committee for Cape Verde, 1978. "Cape Verdeans in America: Our Story." Schooner Ernestina, Official Vessel of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved May 5, 2005
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1368:"The Story Must Be Told : A Story of Cape Verdeans : A story about the forgotten cranberry bog workers, the Cape Verdean men and women who helped to build the cranberry industry"
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are styles of Cape Verdean music that are now being explored. These fusions with contemporary styles of music are often reflective in lyrics with ongoing themes of Cape Verdean life.
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Shelmer Street Church in 1905. Cape Verdeans in New Bedford at the turn of the 20th century were rejected by Portuguese parishioners at St. John's and turned towards Nazarene sects.
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Additionally, some Cape Verdeans have a lighter skin color than Africans from the continent. This partially comes from the fact that in the beginning, Portuguese encouraged
278:
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613:, influenced Kriolu chiefly. Since the Republic of Cape Verde became independent of Portugal in 1975, Kriolu has become the dominant language among the islanders.
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1579:"População cabo-verdiana: "57% dos genes são de origem africana e 43 %, de origem europeia" - Primeiro diário caboverdiano em linha - A SEMANA"
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1990:
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642:, which regards creole languages as a socially inferior dialect or degenerate language. Another school of thought however is referred to as
1933:
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For well over a century, the U.S. has hosted the largest proportion of the worldwide Cape Verdean diaspora residing in any one nation.
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2018:
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153:. In 2010, the American Community Survey stated that there were 95,003 Americans living in the US with Cape Verdean ancestors.
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1958:
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1983:
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194:
190:
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Several African ethnic groups are dispersed throughout different areas of Africa, regardless of countries or regions.
2423:
1948:
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district offer Cape Verdean Creole (CVC) as a language class. Currently 2.3% of the population of Boston speaks CVC.
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One important consequence of the technological development in recent decades has been the emergence of Cape Verdean
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National Park Service. "African American Sailors in the Union Navy from Cape Verde." Retrieved December 4, 2005.
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Immigrants in American History [4 volumes]: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration [4 volumes]
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1928:
1797:"Two communities, Cape Verdean and Jewish, unite to celebrate a shared heritage - The Boston Globe"
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Results https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=cape%20verdean%20&g=0100000US%241600000- Results
460:
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2013:
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1181:"Afropop Worldwide | Diaspora Encounters: Kriolu in New England, The Cape Verdean-American Story"
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Verdean Protestant community has produced another religious leader of national acclaim, Reverend
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In general, there are two different schools of thought on CVC research. One school of thought is
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Some Kind of Funny Porto Rican. Dir. Claire Andrade-Watkins. SPIA Media Productions, 2006. Web.
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http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/93703/Cape-Verde/281270/Struggle-for-independence
1223:"Whaling Museum exhibit celebrating Cape Verdeans, Portuguese to stop at Attleboro Library"
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There are an estimated 265,000 Cape Verdean immigrants and their descendants living in the
530:
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381:
224:
216:
162:
138:
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Generally, Cape Verdean Americans speak English, Portuguese, and Kriolu (or Crioulo). The
8:
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1342:"Cape Verdean Maritime Exhibit - New Bedford Whaling Museum New Bedford Whaling Museum"
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SPIA Media Productions, Inc. "Cape Verde History and Culture." Retrieved May 5, 2005
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220:
186:
166:
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2369:
2258:
2253:
2173:
996:
986:
578:
373:
368:
93:
1441:| TOTAL POPULATION] 2015-2020 American Community Survey Selected Population Tables
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https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=cape%20verdean%20&g=0100000US%241600000
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4075:
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3769:
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3705:
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3519:
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3421:
3404:
3385:
3341:
3251:
3241:
3214:
3199:
3155:
2724:
1953:
1399:
1374:
1001:
895:
825:
765:
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708:
610:
605:
1893:, Hip Deep edition. Marlon Bishop's interview with scholar Marilyn Halter. 2009.
1737:
Between Race and Ethnicity: Cape Verdean American Immigrants Between 1860 - 1965
1111:"B04006 - PEOPLE REPORTING ANCESTRY- American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
624:, in 1996, to teach the Cape Verdean language. In addition, many schools in the
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672:
638:
567:
122:
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4192:
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4165:
4155:
4150:
4070:
4043:
4033:
4028:
4023:
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1938:
1887:"Diaspora Encounters: Kriolu in New England, the Cape Verdean-American Story"
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Werlin, Louise. "Jews in Cape Verde." UMASS Dartmouth, n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2015.
1532:"Cape Verdean Ancestry Search - Cape Verdean Genealogy by City - ePodunk.com"
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immigration to the United States began in the early 19th century. The first
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4013:
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Sounding Creole: The Politics of Cape Verdean Language, Music, and Diaspora
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Sounding Creole: The Politics of Cape Verdean Language, Music, and Diaspora
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Sounding Creole: The Politics of Cape Verdean Language, Music, and Diaspora
1651:
Sounding Creole: The Politics of Cape Verdean Language, Music, and Diaspora
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1045:
991:
855:
815:
790:
555:
321:
316:
297:
The states with the largest population of Cape Verdeans (as of 2020) were:
259:
57:
161:
Prior to independence in 1975, Cape Verdean immigrants were registered as
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4269:
4249:
4135:
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3913:
1900:
edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2014), pp. 407–418.
1051:
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966:
926:
916:
905:
770:
667:
334:
329:
61:
1968:
1929:
FORCV.com: Cape Verdean Immigrant community News and information webpage
1393:"Cranberry Harvest Trail Guide Information - Southeastern Massachusetts"
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1021:
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347:
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263:
77:
65:
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4685:
4662:
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4115:
4065:
3983:
971:
961:
910:
696:
244:
199:
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1943:
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Batalha, Luís and Jørgen Carling ed. 2008. Transnational Archipelago
702:
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412:
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1559:. Posted by Jane E. Spear. Retrieved September 5, 2012, to 2:08pm.
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Race and ethnicity in the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
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Cape Verde. (2013). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from
720:
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The largest communities of Cape Verdeans (as of 2010) were:
4652:
4003:
279:
African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde
255:
289:
which brought economic struggles that incited emigration.
250:
for the cranberry industry in Southeastern Massachusetts.
1862:
1842:
1205:"Cape Verdean Characters in White-Authored US Literature"
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are the fastest-growing new immigrant communities in the
247:
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Births of U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity
1167:"Cape Verdean Americans - Document - Gale Power Search"
1033:
149:
are an ethnic group of Americans whose ancestors were
2496:
1508:"In a World on the Move, a Tiny Land Strains to Cope"
185:, which would often pick up crewmen off the coast of
1954:
Portuguese Family Histories - Cabo Verde/Cape Verde
1336:
1334:
1550:
616:The Cape Verdean Creole Institute was founded in
4742:
1331:
509:Cape Verdean immigration continues to this day.
1450:
2482:
2127:
1984:
1413:
1411:
1221:CORRESPONDENT, JOHN LARRABEE (10 July 2014).
1220:
1896:Spear, Jane E. "Cape Verdean Americans." in
1417:Halter, Marilyn. “Cape Verdeans in the U.S.”
550:. Cape Verdean Americans reside mostly in
4756:History of immigration to the United States
1898:Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America,
1604:Barkan, Elliott Robert (January 17, 2013).
1308:
1306:
4766:Cape Verdean diaspora in the United States
4751:West African diaspora in the United States
2489:
2475:
2134:
2120:
1991:
1977:
1710:"The Church and the People of Cape Verde*"
1630:
1408:
16:Americans of Cape Verdean birth or descent
1998:
225:drought, starvation, and economic decline
223:in 1869, the Cape Verde Islands suffered
2143:African immigration to the United States
1949:Cape Verde and Cape Verdeans in the U.S.
1303:
4761:American people of Cape Verdean descent
4686:People of the United States / Americans
2935:Southeast Africans in the United States
2893:African immigrants to the United States
1959:Cape Verde Embassy in the United States
1638:. The Mayor’s Office of New Bostonians.
1505:
1404:Cape Cod Cranberry Growers' Association
1273:
271:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
189:. The presence of Cape Verdeans in the
4743:
2962:Southern Africans in the United States
2804:Afro-Caribbean / West Indian Americans
1734:
1693:
1678:
1663:
1648:
1603:
1274:Almeida, Raymond Anthony, ed. (1978).
544:, according to a June 2007 article in
2898:Central Africans in the United States
2470:
2115:
1972:
1380:University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
832:of African American or Latino descent
2869:Trinidadian and Tobagonian Americans
1557:Everyculture: Cape Verdean American
1034:Numbers and percentages of residents
156:
48:Regions with significant populations
3938:White Hispanic and Latino Americans
3161:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
3094:North Africans in the United States
2881:Black Hispanic and Latino Americans
1934:The Cape Verdean-American Home Page
1633:"New Bostonians Demographic Report"
1283:Cape Verdeans in America: Our Story
1265:
1129:
181:immigrants came aboard New England
13:
2989:West Africans in the United States
2864:Stateside Virgin Islands Americans
1879:
1091:Cape Verde–United States relations
886:Charles Manuel "Sweet Daddy" Grace
14:
4787:
4533:Americans of Euro Oceanic origin
3867:Nordic and Scandinavian Americans
2498:Demographics of the United States
1944:History of the Schooner Ernestina
1907:
1885:Bishop, Marlon; Halter, Marilyn,
1081:Cape Verdeans in the packet trade
733:
243:Many Cape Verdeans worked in the
193:inspired the fictional character
4711:Race and ethnicity in the census
2799:African diaspora in the Americas
1314:"Cape Verde History and Culture"
419:
406:
393:
380:
367:
354:
341:
328:
315:
302:
197:in Herman Melville's 1851 novel
2809:Antiguan and Barbudan Americans
1855:
1835:
1814:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1762:
1752:
1743:
1728:
1702:
1687:
1672:
1657:
1642:
1624:
1597:
1571:
1562:
1524:
1499:
1444:
1432:
1420:
1386:
1360:
1028:
830:Lieutenant Governor of New York
561:
2854:Kittian and Nevisian Americans
2829:Dominican Americans (Dominica)
1259:
1214:
1197:
1173:
1159:
1103:
1007:José António Tavares dos Anjos
1:
4776:Cape Verdean American history
4390:Hispanic and Latino Americans
1610:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
1506:DeParle, Jason (2007-06-24).
1096:
479:East Providence, Rhode Island
285:in 1980, and the election of
4460:Indigenous Mexican Americans
1366:Semedo, Querino Kenneth J.,
650:school of thought suggests.
593:
287:António Mascarenhas Monteiro
7:
4701:Maps of American ancestries
4497:French Polynesian Americans
2834:Dutch West Indian Americans
1694:Martin, Carla (2012). "2".
1679:Martin, Carla (2012). "2".
1664:Martin, Carla (2012). "2".
1649:Martin, Carla (2012). "2".
1141:United States Census Bureau
1115:United States Census Bureau
1064:
653:
566:The Cape Verdeans suffered
491:Central Falls, Rhode Island
10:
4794:
4482:Pacific Islander Americans
1268:American Whalers in Africa
597:
523:New Bedford, Massachusetts
449:New Bedford, Massachusetts
230:New Bedford, Massachusetts
4681:
4673:Punjabi Mexican Americans
4623:
4552:
4472:
3946:
3797:Liechtensteiner Americans
3604:
3148:
2786:
2775:
2643:
2513:
2504:
2457:
2407:
2320:
2287:
2234:
2201:
2192:
2149:
2078:
2037:
2006:
1620:– via Google Books.
511:Dorchester, Massachusetts
497:Barnstable, Massachusetts
473:Fall River, Massachusetts
137:
132:
121:
116:
92:
87:
52:
47:
34:
29:
25:Americanos cabo-verdianos
4696:Native American ancestry
3471:Hungarian Slovak Gypsies
3327:Indo-Caribbean Americans
3049:Sierra Leonean Americans
2999:Bissau-Guinean Americans
2945:South Sudanese Americans
1735:Halter, Marilyn (1993).
1631:Rixely Jimenez, Carmen.
1398:August 28, 2011, at the
682:
461:Providence, Rhode Island
292:
234:Providence, Rhode Island
4658:Louisiana Creole people
3807:Luxembourgish Americans
2977:South African Americans
2913:Equatoguinean Americans
527:Pawtucket, Rhode Island
515:Brockton, Massachusetts
485:Randolph, Massachusetts
455:Pawtucket, Rhode Island
437:Brockton, Massachusetts
106:Indo-European languages
23:Cape Verdean Americans
4445:Puerto Rican Americans
3004:Cape Verdean Americans
2859:Saint Lucian Americans
2635:Ethnocultural politics
2603:Racial achievement gap
2533:Educational attainment
1266:Haywood, Carl Norman.
1086:Whaling in New England
519:Taunton, Massachusetts
503:Cranston, Rhode Island
467:Taunton, Massachusetts
147:Cape Verdean Americans
4771:Cape Verdean diaspora
4542:New Zealand Americans
4507:Micronesian Americans
4502:Marshallese Americans
4403:Costa Rican Americans
3862:Sammarinese Americans
3832:Montenegrin Americans
3562:Azerbaijani Americans
3525:Palestinian Americans
3447:Singaporean Americans
3295:Bangladeshi Americans
2903:Cameroonian Americans
2625:Unemployment by state
2409:African ethnic groups
2096:São Tomé and Príncipe
2000:Cape Verdean diaspora
1964:Cape Verdean Veterans
1863:"U.S. Census website"
1843:"U.S. Census website"
1822:"Music and Festivals"
1451:U.S. Census Bureau.
1071:List of Cape Verdeans
922:Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes
913:(daughter of Benzino)
443:Boston, Massachusetts
171:Portuguese Cape Verde
163:Portuguese immigrants
133:Related ethnic groups
110:Niger-Congo languages
4615:Venezuelan Americans
4605:Surinamese Americans
4595:Paraguayan Americans
4585:Ecuadorian Americans
4537:Australian Americans
4428:Salvadoran Americans
4423:Panamanian Americans
4418:Nicaraguan Americans
4408:Guatemalan Americans
3847:Portuguese Americans
3812:Macedonian Americans
3802:Lithuanian Americans
3639:Belarusian Americans
3457:Vietnamese Americans
3427:Indonesian Americans
3381:Sri Lankan Americans
3247:Fuzhounese Americans
3044:Senegalese Americans
2982:Zimbabwean Americans
2874:Vincentian Americans
2412:in the United States
1939:Cape Verdean Culture
1383:, November 25, 1999.
1270:. Boston University.
1076:Famine in Cape Verde
952:Alexis Nikole Nelson
626:Boston Public School
531:Onset, Massachusetts
269:In 1966, due to the
217:abolition of slavery
139:Portuguese Americans
4610:Uruguayan Americans
4580:Colombian Americans
4570:Brazilian Americans
4560:Argentine Americans
4440:Dominican Americans
4334:Alaskan Athabaskans
3933:Non-Hispanic whites
3926:Ukrainian Americans
3904:Slovenian Americans
3882:Norwegian Americans
3877:Icelandic Americans
3765:Hungarian Americans
3711:Dagestani Americans
3686:Bulgarian Americans
3505:Jordanian Americans
3442:Malaysian Americans
3412:Cambodian Americans
3364:Pakistani Americans
3354:Maldivian Americans
3307:Bhutanese Americans
3283:Mongolian Americans
3237:Taiwanese Americans
3232:Hong Kong Americans
3080:Ethiopian Americans
2950:Tanzanian Americans
2908:Congolese Americans
2839:Grenadian Americans
2824:Bermudian Americans
2819:Barbadian Americans
2553:Housing segregation
2507:Demographic history
1348:on 3 September 2015
1147:on 12 February 2020
828:(born 1977), first
600:Cape Verdean Creole
191:New England whaling
102:Cape Verdean Creole
43:33,119 (2007–2011)
26:
4600:Peruvian Americans
4590:Guyanese Americans
4565:Bolivian Americans
4487:Chamorro Americans
4413:Honduran Americans
4398:Belizean Americans
4383:Canadian Americans
3852:Romanian Americans
3822:Moldovan Americans
3750:Galician Americans
3728:Estonian Americans
3696:Croatian Americans
3674:Scottish Americans
3629:Austrian Americans
3624:Asturian Americans
3619:Albanian Americans
3567:Georgian Americans
3557:Assyrian Americans
3552:Armenian Americans
3515:Lebanese Americans
3490:Bahraini Americans
3417:Filipino Americans
3359:Nepalese Americans
3322:Gujarati Americans
3271:Ryukyuan Americans
3266:Japanese Americans
3138:Sudanese Americans
3131:Tunisian Americans
3116:Algerian Americans
3099:Egyptian Americans
3075:Eritrean Americans
3054:Togolese Americans
3039:Nigerian Americans
3029:Liberian Americans
3014:Ghanaian Americans
2994:Beninese Americans
2972:Malawian Americans
2918:Gabonese Americans
2849:Jamaican Americans
2814:Bahamian Americans
2720:Moorish Scientists
2620:Standard of living
2194:Sub-Saharan Africa
1538:on 1 February 2015
1512:The New York Times
1373:2011-11-20 at the
1251:has generic name (
901:George N. Leighton
846:Dylan A. Fernandes
547:The New York Times
22:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4691:American ancestry
4575:Chilean Americans
4517:Palauan Americans
4450:Mexican Americans
3909:Spanish Americans
3894:Serbian Americans
3887:Swedish Americans
3857:Russian Americans
3837:Occitan Americans
3827:Monacan Americans
3817:Maltese Americans
3792:Latvian Americans
3787:Kosovan Americans
3775:Italian Americans
3733:Finnish Americans
3701:Cypriot Americans
3691:Catalan Americans
3664:English Americans
3659:Cornish Americans
3654:British Americans
3649:Bosnian Americans
3644:Belgian Americans
3594:Turkish Americans
3589:Kurdish Americans
3582:Israeli Americans
3572:Iranian Americans
3510:Kuwaiti Americans
3495:Emirati Americans
3437:Laotian Americans
3432:Iu Mien Americans
3400:Burmese Americans
3369:Punjabi Americans
3332:Punjabi Americans
3317:Bengali Americans
3300:Bengali Americans
3259:Tibetan Americans
3227:Chinese Americans
3205:Turkmen Americans
3178:Pashtun Americans
3126:Moroccan American
3024:Ivorian Americans
3019:Guinean Americans
3009:Gambian Americans
2967:Angolan Americans
2955:Ugandan Americans
2844:Haitian Americans
2794:African Americans
2593:Racial inequality
2563:Income inequality
2528:Gender inequality
2464:
2463:
2403:
2402:
2109:
2108:
1891:Afropop Worldwide
1487:Missing or empty
1227:The Sun Chronicle
1185:Afropop Worldwide
947:Dana Mohler-Faria
851:Wuilito Fernandes
741:Demetrius Andrade
221:Portuguese Empire
167:overseas province
157:Immigration waves
144:
143:
4783:
4527:Tongan Americans
4522:Samoan Americans
4512:Native Hawaiians
4492:Fijian Americans
4394:Central America
3954:Native Americans
3899:Slovak Americans
3872:Danish Americans
3842:Polish Americans
3755:German Americans
3738:French Americans
3716:Lezgin Americans
3634:Basque Americans
3577:Jewish Americans
3545:Yemeni Americans
3540:Syrian Americans
3530:Qatari Americans
3466:Romani Americans
3374:Sindhi Americans
3347:Telugu Americans
3337:Sindhi Americans
3312:Indian Americans
3278:Korean Americans
3210:Uyghur Americans
3195:Kyrgyz Americans
3190:Kazakh Americans
3185:Baloch Americans
3173:Afghan Americans
3121:Libyan Americans
3111:Berber Americans
3104:Coptic Americans
3085:Somali Americans
3061:Yoruba Americans
3034:Malian Americans
2940:Kenyan Americans
2784:
2783:
2777:By continent and
2548:Household income
2491:
2484:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2199:
2198:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2113:
2112:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1712:. Archived from
1706:
1700:
1699:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1581:. Archived from
1575:
1569:
1566:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1534:. Archived from
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1406:
1390:
1384:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1344:. Archived from
1338:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1316:. Archived from
1310:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1291:
1285:. Archived from
1280:
1271:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1143:. Archived from
1133:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1107:
997:Tavares Brothers
987:Charles D. Smith
841:Paulo Dos Santos
609:tongues, mostly
579:transnationalism
424:
423:
411:
410:
398:
397:
385:
384:
372:
371:
359:
358:
346:
345:
333:
332:
320:
319:
307:
306:
207:captains in the
30:Total population
27:
21:
4793:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4730:
4677:
4619:
4548:
4468:
4435:Cuban Americans
4076:Mission Indians
3942:
3921:Swiss Americans
3770:Irish Americans
3760:Greek Americans
3723:Dutch Americans
3706:Czech Americans
3679:Welsh Americans
3614:White Americans
3600:
3535:Saudi Americans
3520:Omani Americans
3500:Iraqi Americans
3422:Hmong Americans
3405:Karen Americans
3386:Tamil Americans
3342:Tamil Americans
3252:Hoklo Americans
3242:Hakka Americans
3215:Uzbek Americans
3200:Tajik Americans
3156:Asian Americans
3144:
3071:Horn of Africa
2779:ethnic ancestry
2778:
2771:
2737:Native American
2725:Nation of Islam
2715:Five Percenters
2639:
2608:Racial wage gap
2598:Race and health
2583:Personal income
2515:
2509:
2500:
2495:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2411:
2399:
2316:
2289:Southern Africa
2283:
2230:
2188:
2145:
2140:
2110:
2105:
2074:
2033:
2002:
1997:
1910:
1882:
1880:Further reading
1877:
1876:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1801:BostonGlobe.com
1795:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1692:
1688:
1677:
1673:
1662:
1658:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1504:
1500:
1488:
1486:
1476:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1400:Wayback Machine
1391:
1387:
1375:Wayback Machine
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1321:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1278:
1264:
1260:
1248:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1120:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1067:
1048:- 17,685 (1.5%)
1042:- 52,753 (0.7%)
1036:
1031:
1026:
1002:Chelsea Tavares
896:Marques Houtman
826:Antonio Delgado
766:Cynthia Barboza
761:Anthony Barboza
736:
685:
656:
606:Creole language
602:
596:
564:
418:
405:
392:
379:
366:
353:
340:
327:
314:
301:
295:
219:throughout the
159:
39:
24:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4791:
4790:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4531:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4478:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4467:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4386:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4329:Alaska Natives
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4307:Tohono Oʼodham
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3950:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3669:Manx Americans
3666:
3661:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3485:Arab Americans
3476:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3454:
3452:Thai Americans
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3395:Southeast Asia
3392:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2932:
2930:Igbo Americans
2927:
2925:Fula Americans
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2790:
2788:
2781:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Scientologists
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2730:Value Creators
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2578:Middle classes
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2543:Home-ownership
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2424:Bantu in Maine
2421:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2390:Sierra Leonean
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2335:Bissau-Guinean
2332:
2326:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2264:South Sudanese
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2203:Central Africa
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2124:
2116:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1909:
1908:External links
1906:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1854:
1834:
1813:
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1751:
1742:
1739:. p. 148.
1727:
1701:
1686:
1671:
1656:
1641:
1623:
1616:
1596:
1570:
1561:
1549:
1523:
1498:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1385:
1359:
1330:
1302:
1258:
1213:
1196:
1172:
1158:
1128:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:- 3,554 (0.1%)
1055:
1054:- 4,270 (0.1%)
1049:
1043:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
942:Aeriél Miranda
939:
937:Masspike Miles
934:
932:Donaldo Macedo
929:
924:
919:
914:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
876:Paul Gonsalves
873:
868:
866:Peter J. Gomes
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
836:Vinny deMacedo
833:
823:
818:
813:
808:
806:Jasiel Correia
803:
801:Stephen Cooper
798:
796:Peter Cipriano
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
756:Shauna Barbosa
753:
748:
743:
737:
735:
734:Notable people
732:
684:
681:
673:Peter J. Gomes
655:
652:
648:Exceptionalism
639:Exceptionalism
595:
592:
568:discrimination
563:
560:
507:
506:
500:
494:
488:
482:
476:
470:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
430:
429:
416:
403:
390:
377:
364:
351:
338:
325:
312:
294:
291:
215:Following the
158:
155:
142:
141:
135:
134:
130:
129:
123:Roman Catholic
119:
118:
114:
113:
90:
89:
85:
84:
50:
49:
45:
44:
38:101,013 (2019)
32:
31:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4789:
4788:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:South America
4551:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:North America
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:Black Indians
2884:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Non-religious
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2307:South African
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:Equatoguinean
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2091:Guinea-Bissau
2089:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
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51:
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37:
33:
28:
3168:Central Asia
3003:
2767:Zoroastrians
2615:Social class
2340:Cape Verdean
2339:
2151:North Africa
2028:
1897:
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1046:Rhode Island
1029:State totals
992:David Soares
856:Wayne Fontes
816:John DeBrito
791:Blu Cantrell
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322:Rhode Island
296:
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260:Pennsylvania
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209:packet trade
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179:Cape Verdean
175:Cape Verdean
160:
151:Cape Verdean
146:
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58:Rhode Island
40:
36:by ancestry:
35:
19:Ethnic group
4706:2010 census
4625:Multiethnic
3914:Californios
3780:before 1880
2683:Protestants
2645:By religion
2558:Immigration
2514:By economic
2375:Mauritanian
2322:West Africa
2236:East Africa
2211:Cameroonian
2060:Netherlands
1249:|last=
1121:6 September
1052:Connecticut
1017:Jeff Xavier
1012:Elle Varner
967:Glenn Pires
927:Maria Lopes
917:Davey Lopes
906:Dave Leitao
771:Dana Barros
668:Daddy Grace
666:The mythic
644:Crioulidade
335:Connecticut
104:(creole of
62:Connecticut
4745:Categories
4633:Afro-Asian
4255:Potawatomi
4086:Chemehuevi
3290:South Asia
2752:Rastafaris
2710:Ahmadiyyas
2663:Christians
2538:Emigration
2516:and social
2385:Senegalese
2312:Zimbabwean
2055:Luxembourg
1868:2011-01-27
1848:2012-12-02
1517:2007-07-02
1477:|url=
1324:2005-05-05
1296:2006-06-06
1232:2021-10-25
1190:2021-10-25
1097:References
1022:Arif Zahir
977:Amber Rose
871:Ryan Gomes
811:Mike Costa
786:Gary Brito
598:See also:
426:New Jersey
348:California
264:California
187:Cape Verde
127:Protestant
98:Portuguese
78:New Jersey
66:California
4663:Melungeon
4638:Amerasian
4364:Tsimshian
4171:Chochenyo
4116:Kitanemuk
4066:Menominee
4049:Tuscarora
3984:Chickasaw
3969:Blackfeet
3480:West Asia
3222:East Asia
2742:Neopagans
2668:Catholics
2658:Buddhists
2523:Affluence
2274:Tanzanian
2249:Ethiopian
2216:Congolese
2014:Argentina
1827:13 August
1806:13 August
1720:13 August
1589:13 August
1542:13 August
1458:13 August
1352:13 August
1276:"Whaling"
972:Kali Reis
962:Paul Pena
911:Coi Leray
697:coladeira
594:Languages
262:; and to
245:cranberry
200:Moby-Dick
165:from the
88:Languages
41:by birth:
4643:Blaxican
4455:Chicanos
4349:Gwich'in
4297:Shoshone
4287:Seminole
4215:Muscogee
4188:Tataviam
4151:Suisunes
4101:Diegueño
4081:Cahuilla
4039:Onondaga
4019:Iroquois
3999:Comanche
3994:Colville
3979:Cheyenne
3974:Cherokee
2568:Language
2395:Togolese
2380:Nigerian
2365:Liberian
2350:Ghanaian
2330:Beninese
2302:Malawian
2269:Sudanese
2244:Eritrean
2226:Gabonese
2184:Tunisian
2179:Moroccan
2169:Egyptian
2164:Canarian
2159:Algerian
2065:Portugal
2007:Americas
1468:cite web
1396:Archived
1371:Archived
1241:cite web
1065:See also
654:Religion
445:- 13,605
439:- 19,225
413:Virginia
400:Maryland
374:New York
324:- 18,118
311:- 70,040
117:Religion
82:Virginia
74:Maryland
4668:Mulatto
4474:Oceania
4369:Tlingit
4359:Iñupiat
4344:Alutiiq
4292:Shawnee
4277:Quechan
4161:Awaswas
4146:Serrano
4141:Salinan
4121:Luiseño
4111:Juaneño
4106:Esselen
4091:Chumash
3989:Choctaw
3959:Abenaki
2705:Muslims
2678:Mormons
2673:Coptics
2653:Baha'is
2588:Poverty
2360:Ivorian
2355:Guinean
2345:Gambian
2297:Angolan
2279:Ugandan
2101:Senegal
1479:value (
1058:Florida
957:Pebbles
781:Benzino
715:Hip hop
709:batuque
637:Creole
499:- 1,012
493:- 1,061
487:- 1,111
481:- 1,717
475:- 2,222
469:- 2,391
463:- 2,957
457:- 8,092
451:- 9,613
415:- 1,028
402:- 1,260
389:- 1,337
387:Georgia
376:- 1,413
363:- 2,545
361:Florida
350:- 2,948
337:- 3,714
94:English
70:Florida
4726:Racism
4648:Cajuns
4317:Yakama
4282:Salish
4260:Pueblo
4245:Pawnee
4240:Paiute
4225:Ojibwe
4220:Navajo
4208:Yokuts
4203:Wintun
4193:Tongva
4181:Tamyen
4176:Karkin
4166:Chalon
4156:Ohlone
4131:Patwin
4096:Cupeño
4071:Mohave
4061:Lenape
4044:Seneca
4034:Oneida
4029:Mohawk
4024:Cayuga
3964:Apache
3743:Cajuns
3606:Europe
2787:Africa
2690:Hindus
2630:Wealth
2449:Yoruba
2434:Coptic
2429:Berber
2370:Malian
2259:Somali
2254:Kenyan
2174:Libyan
2086:Angola
2079:Africa
2045:France
2038:Europe
2019:Brazil
1902:online
1759:Print.
1614:
1475:Check
1117:. 2019
721:Reggae
703:funaná
618:Boston
529:; and
232:; and
205:Yankee
195:Daggoo
4374:Yupik
4354:Haida
4339:Aleut
4322:Yaqui
4302:Sioux
4235:Odawa
4230:Osage
4198:Wappo
4126:Miwok
4056:Kiowa
4014:Houma
2762:Sikhs
2695:Jains
2070:Spain
2050:Italy
1636:(PDF)
1290:(PDF)
1279:(PDF)
1208:(PDF)
1151:9 May
691:morna
683:Music
611:Mande
505:- 924
428:- 609
293:Areas
4653:Hapa
4270:Zuni
4250:Pima
4136:Pomo
4009:Crow
4004:Cree
3149:Asia
2700:Jews
2573:LGBT
2444:Igbo
2439:Fula
2419:Arab
2024:Cuba
1829:2015
1808:2015
1722:2015
1612:ISBN
1591:2015
1544:2015
1493:help
1481:help
1460:2015
1354:2015
1253:help
1153:2016
1123:2021
727:Zouk
724:and
706:and
694:and
554:and
258:and
256:Ohio
248:bogs
125:and
108:and
4312:Ute
4265:Zia
169:of
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