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872:, a college of Durham University established in 1888, is named after him and is located only a short walk from the coffin of the saint at Durham Cathedral. The Society celebrates St Cuthbert's Day on or around each 20 March with a feast. "Cuth's Day", the annual college day, is celebrated in the Easter term with music, entertainment, festivities and drinking. Cuddy's Corse is a
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638:, and it serves as a good example of how St Cuthbert was regarded as a protector of his people. A modern interpretation of the Banner, designed by Northumbria University academic Fiona Raeside-Elliott and embroidered by local textile artist Ruth O'Leary, is now on display at the saint's shrine in Durham Cathedral.
379:, and later found out that Aidan had died that night. Edwin Burton finds it a suggestion of lowly parentage that as a boy he used to tend sheep on the hills near that monastery. He appears to have undergone military service, but at some point he joined the very new monastery at Melrose, under the prior
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and others, remains at the cathedral and is an important rare survival of
Northumbrian carving on wood. When the coffin was last inspected on 17 May 1827, a 'Saxon' square cross of gold, embellished with garnets, in the characteristic splayed shape, used later as the heraldic emblem of St Cuthbert in
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in 1170." In 698, Cuthbert was reburied at
Lindisfarne in the decorated oak coffin now usually meant by St Cuthbert's coffin, though he was to have many more coffins. In 995, the "community of Cuthbert" founded and settled at Durham, guided by what they thought was the will of the saint, as the wagon
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cloth of the saint and raise it on a spear point near the battlefield as a banner. Doing this, the Prior and his monks found themselves protected "by the mediation of holy St
Cuthbert and the presence of the said holy Relic". Whether the story of the vision is true or not, the banner of St Cuthbert
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in 664. The earliest biographies concentrate on the many miracles that accompanied even his early life, but he was evidently indefatigable as a travelling priest spreading the
Christian message to remote villages, and also well able to impress royalty and nobility. Unlike Wilfrid, his style of life
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until 995, when another Danish invasion led to its removal to Ripon. Then the saint intimated, as it was believed, that he wished to remain in Durham. A new stone church—the so-called "White Church"—was built, the predecessor of the present grand
Cathedral. In 999, his relics were enshrined in the
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During the medieval period, Cuthbert became important in defining the identity of the people living in
Northumbria north of Tees. Symeon noted that it was the 'people of St Cuthbert', that is, 'the whole people between the river Tees and the river Tweed', who waged an unsuccessful campaign against
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to
Christianity in 627, which was slowly followed by that of the rest of his people. The politics of the kingdom were violent, and there were later episodes of pagan rule, while spreading understanding of Christianity through the kingdom was a task that lasted throughout Cuthbert's lifetime. Edwin
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Cuthbert's shrine was destroyed in the
Dissolution of the Monasteries, but, unusually, his relics survived and are still interred at the site, although they were also disinterred in the 19th century, when his wooden coffin and various relics were removed. St Cuthbert's coffin (actually one of a
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and six bishops, on 26 March 685. But after
Christmas 686, he returned to his cell on Inner Farne Island, where he died on 20 March 687, after a painful illness. He was buried at Lindisfarne the same day, and after long journeys escaping the Danes his remains chose, as was thought, to settle at
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was given the monastery instead. About 662 he was made prior at
Melrose, and around 665 went as prior to Lindisfarne. In 684 he was made bishop of Lindisfarne, but by late 686 he resigned and returned to his hermitage as he felt he was about to die. He was probably in his early 50s.
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was complemented by his charm and generosity to the poor, and his reputation for gifts of healing and insight led many people to consult him, gaining him the name of "Wonder Worker of Britain". He continued his missionary work, travelling the breadth of the country from
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records that he was fostered as a child near Melrose. Fostering is possibly a sign of noble birth, as are references to his riding a horse when young. One night while still a boy, employed as a shepherd, he had a vision of the soul of Aidan being carried to heaven by
502:, where he gave himself up to a life of great austerity. At first he received visitors, but later he confined himself to his cell and opened his window only to give his blessing. He could not refuse an interview with the holy abbess and royal virgin
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include reference to their patron saint (always ending with the invocation "St Cuthbert, pray for us"). The school badge features a bishop's crook in reference to St Cuthbert's time as a bishop, as well as ducks, reflecting his love of the animals.
858:('A silver Cross of St Cuthbert on a blue shield, with a red lion walking and looking towards you on the silver top third portion of the shield.') The cross of St Cuthbert also features on the badges of the two Anglican secondary schools in
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is known as the cuddy duck. While on the Farne Islands, Cuthbert instituted special laws to protect the ducks and other seabirds nesting on the islands. They still breed in their thousands off the present day Northumberland coast.
850:('A red Cross of St Cuthbert on a silver shield, with three silver fighting lions around a gold chevron on a blue square in the top left-hand corner'). The Cross also features in the arms of many of its constituent colleges. The
645:, and was also adopted by the Normans when they took over England. Cuthbert's shrine at Durham Cathedral was a major pilgrimage site throughout the Middle Ages, until stripped by Henry VIII's commissioners in the
957:) opened its first shop in Edinburgh in 1859, and expanded to become one of the largest co-ops in Scotland. Its dairy used horse-drawn delivery floats until 1985, and between 1944 and 1959 employed as a milkman
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near his remains. The 8th-century historian Bede wrote both a verse and a prose life of St. Cuthbert around 720. He has been described as "perhaps the most popular saint in Britain prior to the death of
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in Scotland since 2016 likewise features the Cross of St Cuthbert, whose name is the origin of the county's name. The Cross of St Cuthbert features as the principal charge on the coat of arms of the
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697:, to the point where he became the most popular saint of Northern England and Southern Scotland. Numerous miracles were attributed to his intercession and to intercessory prayer near his remains.
350:, an intransigent and quarrelsome supporter of Roman ways, was to be a major feature of Cuthbert's lifetime. Cuthbert himself, though educated in the Celtic tradition, followed his mentor
947:. Founded in 1968 as Bishop Henshaw School it was renamed to its current name in the late 1980s. The school's badge includes the St Cuthbert Cross and the motto "In Christ We Serve".
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or guest master under Eata. When Wilfrid was made abbot of the monastery, Eata and Cuthbert returned to Melrose. Illness struck the monastery in 664 and while Cuthbert recovered, the
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died and Cuthbert was made prior in his place. He spent much time among the people, ministering to their spiritual needs, carrying out missionary journeys, and preaching.
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In Cuthbert's time the Kingdom of Northumbria included, in modern terms, northern England and southern Scotland on an intermittent and fluid basis as far north as the
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625:, which roughly translates as "people of the saint", and Cuthbert gained a reputation as fiercely protective of his domain. For example, there is a story that at the
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holds St Cuthbert as its patron saint, with the consecration of bishops in the diocese always taking place on 20 March, Cuthbert's feast day in the Catholic Church.
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columnals extracted from limestone quarried on Lindisfarne, or found washed up along the foreshore, which were threaded into necklaces or rosaries, became known as
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new church on 4 September, which is kept as the feast of his translation at Durham Cathedral and as an optional memorial in the Catholic Church in England. In 1069
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854:, formerly King's College in the University of Durham, also features St Cuthbert's Cross on its arms, granted in 1937. The Newcastle University arms are blazoned
288:, the founder of Lindisfarne, died, but he seems to have experienced some period of military service beforehand. He was made guest-master at the new monastery at
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Cuthbert retired in 676, moved by the desire for a more contemplative life. With his abbot's leave, he moved to a spot which Archbishop Eyre identifies with
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of England himself, and the saint became a powerful symbol of the autonomy the region enjoyed. The inhabitants of the Palatinate became known as the
901:; St Cuthbert's Day on 21 March is a day of school celebration. The school's houses are named after important locations in the life of the saint:
689:'s life of the saint, when Cuthbert's sarcophagus was opened eleven years after his death, his body was found to have been perfectly preserved or
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433:, Cuthbert seems to have accepted the Roman customs, and his old abbot Eata called on him to introduce them at Lindisfarne as prior there. His
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to found the monastery at Lindisfarne where Cuthbert was to spend much of his life. This was around 635, about the time Cuthbert was born.
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Additional MS 89000, formerly known as the Stonyhurst Gospel), was found. This is the oldest Western book to have retained its original
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At least Bede records no reluctance, though Farmer and others suspect he may be being less than frank in this, as a partisan of Jarrow.
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Saint Cuthbert: With an Account of the State in which His Remains Were Found Upon the Opening of his tomb in Durham in the year 1827
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Location of St Cuthbert's tomb and reburial in Durham Cathedral; behind is a damaged statue of St Cuthbert, holding the head of the
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534:), but was reluctant to leave his retirement and take up his charge; it was only after a visit from a large group, including King
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284:, a daughter-house of Lindisfarne, today in Scotland. He decided to become a monk after seeing a vision on the night in 651 that
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carrying his coffin back to Chester-le-Street after a temporary flight from a Danish invasion became stuck hard on the road.
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took the monastery of Lindisfarne and the monks fled, carrying St Cuthbert's body with them around various places including
366:. Cuthbert may have been from the neighbourhood of Dunbar at the mouth of the Firth of Forth in modern-day Scotland, though
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1815:"St Cuthbert's Way | Long Distance Walk from Melrose in the Borders Scotland to Holy Island in Northumberland England"
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of St John, recovered from his coffin; the original tooled red goatskin binding is the earliest surviving Western binding.
233:, today in northern England and southern Scotland. Both during his life and after his death, he became a popular medieval
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are named after him, as is the parish church. It is a rural area, with one larger village and numerous smaller hamlets.
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387:(according to Irish genealogies), which may explain his later proposal that Aldfrith should be crowned as monarch.
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Argent, a Cross of St Cuthbert Gules, on a canton Azure, a chevron Or, between three lions rampant of the first
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in 1018. By the later 11th century the Bishops of Durham had established a semi-autonomous region known as the
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Thacker, Alan (2013). "Cuthbert, St". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.).
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383:. Upon Boisil's death in 661, Cuthbert succeeded him as prior. Cuthbert was possibly a second cousin of King
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The tension between the Roman and Celtic Christianity, often exacerbated by Cuthbert's near-contemporary
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was austere, and when he could, he lived the life of a hermit, though still receiving many visitors.
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part of the new Northumbrian kingdom, which was finally united in 634 around the time of his birth.
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in 1346, the Prior of the Abbey at Durham received a vision of Cuthbert, ordering him to take the
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and Durham Cathedral; it marks the journey between two of the last resting places of the coffin.
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Cuthbert's cult also appealed to the converted Danes, who now made up much of the population of
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Bishop holding a second crowned head in his hands; sometimes accompanied by seabirds and animals
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Azure, a Cross of St Cuthbert Argent, and on a chief of the last a lion passant guardant Gules.
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2338:. Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England. Vol. 34. Cambridge: University Press.
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1881:. Durham: Printed for the Dean and Chapter of Durham Cathedral at the University Press.
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Cronyn and Horie, 5–7, are the easiest guide to this very complicated history, or see
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of the recently completed Cathedral. When the casket was opened, a small book of the
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1254:"A Help to English History: Containing a Succession of All the Kings of England..."
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1712:, British Library Medieval and Earlier Manuscripts Blog, accessed 17 April 2012
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805:(r. 927–939) on a pilgrimage while Cuthbert's shrine was at Chester-le-Street.
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Papers and Addresses: Theological, Philosophical, Biographical, Archaeological
708:. After seven years' wandering it found a resting place at the still existing
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The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints: In Two Volumes
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Another Roman Catholic secondary school to bear the name of St Cuthbert is
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739:, a modern sculpture showing the travels of the Lindisfarne community, by
693:. This apparent miracle led to the steady growth of Cuthbert's posthumous
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in accepting the Roman forms, apparently without difficulty, after the
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attempted to transport Cuthbert's body to Lindisfarne to escape from
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2357:. In Boardman, Steve; Davies, John Reuben; Williamson, Eila (eds.).
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201:– 20 March 687) was a saint of the early Northumbrian church in the
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1181:'s chapter on the coffin. Bede, chapter 42 is the primary source.
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Many churches are named after Cuthbert. An Orthodox Community in
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The County Palatine of Durham: A Study in Constitutional History
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Cuthbert's fame for piety, diligence, and obedience grew. When
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1891:"The Life and Miracles of St. Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindesfarne"
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The Lindisfarne Gospels: Society, Spirituality and the Scribe
1126:. He is called "Cuthbert of Lindisfarne" by Michael Walsh in
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was regularly carried in battle against the Scots until the
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The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints
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2332:"Cuthbert: from Northumbrian Saint to Saint of All England"
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Aelfric and the Cult of Saints in Late Anglo-Saxon England
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the arms of Durham and Newcastle universities, was found.
322:, in the mid-630s, some ten years after the conversion of
2361:. Studies in Celtic History. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
2355:"Cuthbert the cross-border saint in the twelfth century"
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Rollason, David; Dobson, R. B. "Cuthbert (c.635–687)".
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The relics of Saint Cuthbert: studies by various authors
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The legacy of St Cuthbert is fictionalised in the novel
886:, founded as St Cuthbert's in 1895, was the last of the
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were attributed to his intercession and to intercessory
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The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
2088:. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. Archived from
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1645:"Service schedule 23 August 20221 to 5 September 2021"
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to carry out pastoral work and founding an oratory at
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Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England
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entry is simply "Cuthbert", as is the entry for the
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as abbess of Whitby in 680. The meeting was held on
2075:"Aldfrith of Northumbria and the Irish genealogies"
1601:
1564:
1528:
1442:
314:Cuthbert was born (perhaps into a noble family) in
2135:St. Cuthbert: His Life and Cult in Medieval Durham
1797:"BBC – Radio 4 – The Living World: The Eider Duck"
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979:, England, has taken St Cuthbert as their patron.
613:, between the Tyne and Tees. Within this area the
530:at a synod at Twyford (believed to be present-day
486:near Lindisfarne, but which Raine thinks was near
26:"St Cuthbert" redirects here. For other uses, see
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1965:. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1727:
751:In 1104 Cuthbert's tomb was opened again and his
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2408:The Ecclesiastical History of the English People
809:series of several coffins), as reconstructed by
318:, then in Northumbria, and now in East Lothian,
1625:
1585:The Bishopric of Durham in the Late Middle Ages
801:, which had been deposited in his tomb by King
16:7th-century Anglo-Saxon bishop, monk, and saint
2260:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
2221:. London: John Bower Nichols and Son. p.
1124:Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England
970:Roman Catholic Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle
834:since 2013 features the Cross of St Cuthbert,
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2478:
399:12th century wall-painting of St Cuthbert in
253:of Northumbria. His feast days are 20 March (
2170:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
2068:. Dublin: Catholic Truth Society of Ireland.
1287:Archdiocese of Thyateira & Great Britain
838:in the county colours of blue and gold. The
1874:
1858:"Liturgical Calendar | September 2023"
1407:
1371:
1359:
1335:
1311:
1174:
1095:by Benjamin Myers, Bloomsbury Circus, 2023.
1001:In Cumbria, the civil parish and hamlet of
3297:
3283:
2627:
2613:
2485:
2471:
2163:
1679:. The Catholic Church in England and Wales
1489:
1487:
1200:
1034:. or alternatively 4 September and in the
559:is among the objects later recovered from
51:
2233:A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West
2112:. University of Leicester. Archived from
2110:"Anglo-Saxon England and the Wider World"
1710:"St Cuthbert Gospel Saved for the Nation"
1011:is a long-distance walking route, one of
791:and decoration in extremely rare Anglian
522:Election as Bishop, Lindisfarne and death
309:
292:, soon after 655, but had to return with
108:, Kingdom of Northumbria (now in England)
2393:A Brief Life and History of St. Cuthbert
2352:
2026:
1911:"Who Was Saint Cuthbert of Lindisfarne?"
1791:
1789:
1697:
921:(red), York (orange) and Durham (pink).
821:
787:with a "Nature Goddess" pattern, with a
731:
672:
656:
570:
494:. Shortly afterwards, Cuthbert moved to
465:
394:
3030:rulers of the County Palatine of Durham
2954:rulers of the County Palatine of Durham
2329:
2250:
2190:
2167:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2120:
2072:
1721:
1607:
1484:
1460:
1271:. CUP Archive – via Google Books.
1227:
1115:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
743:. Shown here in the Millennium Square,
681:(whose head was reburied with Cuthbert)
563:, which is also an important artefact.
4676:
2308:
2131:
2048:
2001:
1980:
1969:
1954:
1908:
1619:
1570:
1546:
1436:
1419:
1383:
1347:
1323:
1251:
1215:
3278:
2634:
2608:
2492:
2466:
2229:
2211:
2152:
2107:
2059:
1924:
1786:
1733:
1558:
1534:
1448:
1395:
1239:
162:; 4 September (Catholic Ordinariates)
2414:. Penguin Classics. pp. 256–65.
2402:
2388:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
893:St Cuthbert is also the namesake of
60:, from a 12th-century manuscript of
58:Cuthbert discovers a piece of timber
2034:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1885:
1631:
1466:
1256:E. Basset – via Google Books.
951:St. Cuthbert's Co-operative Society
13:
2359:'Saints' Cults in the Celtic World
2284:An Anonymous Monk of Lindisfarne;
2276:
1750:stcuthbertsorthodoxcommunity.co.uk
1650:. Durham Cathedral. Archived from
1583:Christian Drummond, Liddy (2008).
1266:
1073:(St Cuthbert's College, Ushaw) in
14:
4765:
4754:History of Catholicism in England
2377:
2121:Lapsley, Gaillard Thomas (1900).
2012:: University Press. p. 108.
1959:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
852:University of Newcastle upon Tyne
669:'s Life of Cuthbert, 12th century
583:After Cuthbert's death, numerous
478:'s Life of Cuthbert, 12th century
4661:
4649:
4637:
4625:
4006:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham
1948:
1875:Battiscombe, C. F., ed. (1956).
1776:"Eiderdown: Famous Eider Colony"
1494:Melrose Abbey, Medieval Abbey at
617:had almost as much power as the
461:
331:, a Roman who had come with the
4549:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum
2798:High Medieval Bishops of Durham
2334:. In Gretsch, Mechthild (ed.).
2138:. University of Toronto Press.
2005:The Oxford Dictionary of Saints
1934:. University of Toronto Press.
1850:
1825:
1807:
1768:
1739:
1703:
1677:"National Calendar for England"
1669:
1637:
1576:
1508:
1167:
1158:
184:Diocese of Hexham and Newcastle
4001:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham
2294:. Cambridge University Press.
2257:Anglo-Saxon Art: A New History
2127:. Longmans, Green and Company.
2062:"Was St Cuthbert an Irishman?"
2049:Fowler, Joseph Thomas (1903).
1955:Burton, Edwin Hubert (1908). "
1587:. Boydell Press. p. 187.
1275:
1260:
1252:Heylyn, G. (26 October 1670).
1245:
1145:
1106:
647:Dissolution of the Monasteries
339:also invited Irish monks from
276:Cuthbert grew up in or around
249:. Cuthbert is regarded as the
1:
4749:English Roman Catholic saints
3306:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England
1867:
1085:
927:, a Roman Catholic school in
526:In 684, Cuthbert was elected
414:, founded a new monastery at
335:from Rome, but his successor
195:
81:
4699:7th-century Christian saints
3724:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet
2742:Bishops of Chester-le-Street
2288:; Colgrave, Bertram (1940).
2184:UK public library membership
1474:"St Cuthbert of Lindisfarne"
1188:
1056:Historia de Sancto Cuthberto
941:St Cuthbert's RC High School
866:and Sunderland High School.
846:, granted in 1843, blazoned
817:
28:St Cuthbert (disambiguation)
7:
4694:7th-century English bishops
4181:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth
3689:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe)
2507:united Northumbrian diocese
2330:Gretsch, Mechthild (2006).
2309:Farmer, David Hugh (1998).
2002:Farmer, David Hugh (2011).
1981:Farmer, David Hugh (1995).
1120:Oxford Dictionary of Saints
1041:
1038:in England on 4 September.
158:20 March, Catholic Church,
10:
4770:
4292:Florentius of Peterborough
4111:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth
2230:Walsh, Michael J. (2007).
1128:A New Dictionary of Saints
1066:Bellingham, Northumberland
840:flag of Kirkcudbrightshire
490:, at a place now known as
25:
18:
4714:History of Northumberland
4582:
4449:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury
4371:
4345:
4264:
4231:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth
3988:
3840:Cyneswith of Peterborough
3757:
3681:
3640:
3585:
3554:
3426:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers
3421:Æthelberht of East Anglia
3413:
3312:
3171:
3026:
2950:
2837:County Palatine of Durham
2831:
2797:
2741:
2642:
2500:
2451:
2442:
2434:
2427:
2406:(2008). "iv.27 – iv.32".
2291:Two Lives of St. Cuthbert
2197:. John Wiley & Sons.
1987:. Gracewing. p. 58.
925:St Cuthbert's High School
652:
627:Battle of Neville's Cross
566:
390:
324:King Edwin of Northumbria
176:
166:
152:
136:
112:
99:
77:
72:
50:
37:
21:Cuthbert (disambiguation)
4534:Frithestan of Winchester
4519:Earmund of Stoke Fleming
4086:Billfrith of Lindisfarne
4041:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne
3950:Regenhere of Northampton
3511:Sigeberht of East Anglia
3466:Cuthbald of Peterborough
2420:St. Cuthbert Hagiography
2353:Crumplin, Sally (2009).
2218:The Gentleman's Magazine
2132:Marner, Dominic (2000).
1422:, pp. 52–53, 57–60.
1386:, pp. 53–54, 60–66.
1267:Searle, William George.
1099:
909:(green), Iona (purple),
182:Kingdom of Northumbria,
4605:Urith of Chittlehampton
4559:Margaret of Dunfermline
4454:Beornstan of Winchester
4439:Benignus of Glastonbury
4429:Æthelwold of Winchester
4419:Æthelnoth of Canterbury
4277:Firmin of North Crawley
4272:Augustine of Canterbury
4161:Eardwulf of Northumbria
4141:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne
4131:Eadberht of Lindisfarne
4116:Ceolwulf of Northumbria
4026:Æthelgyth of Coldingham
3865:Eadweard of Maugersbury
3719:Deusdedit of Canterbury
3714:Berhtwald of Canterbury
2073:Ireland, C. A. (1991).
1151:Cuthbert came from the
1080:Legend about his burial
1013:Scotland's Great Trails
993:In Northumberland, the
575:The front cover of the
498:island, two miles from
385:Aldfrith of Northumbria
370:("Butler's Lives"), by
304:
263:Eastern Orthodox Church
245:centred on his tomb at
192:Cuthbert of Lindisfarne
127:Eastern Orthodox Church
4709:Bishops of Lindisfarne
4595:Juthwara of Sherbourne
4564:Swithhun of Winchester
4504:Eadweard the Confessor
4414:Æthelgar of Canterbury
4394:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
4337:Theodore of Canterbury
4322:Mellitus of Canterbury
4317:Laurence of Canterbury
4302:Honorius of Canterbury
4146:Eadwine of Northumbria
4136:Eadfrith of Leominster
4016:Ælfwald of Northumbria
3900:Frithuwold of Chertsey
3835:Cynehelm of Winchcombe
3830:Cyneburh of Gloucester
3805:Beorhthelm of Stafford
3780:Æthelmod of Leominster
3744:Nothhelm of Canterbury
3729:Eanswith of Folkestone
3668:Indract of Glastonbury
3491:Hiurmine of Blythburgh
3471:Eadmund of East Anglia
3390:Patrick of Glastonbury
3189:Henry Montagu Villiers
3109:Episcopacy abolished (
3044:Christopher Bainbridge
2872:William of St. Barbara
2643:Bishops of Lindisfarne
1970:Butler, Alban (1833).
876:walking route between
827:
748:
682:
670:
580:
479:
418:, Cuthbert became its
403:
310:Origins and background
231:Kingdom of Northumbria
217:, associated with the
4569:Wulfsige of Sherborne
4494:Eadgyth of Polesworth
4484:Eadburh of Winchester
4479:Dunstan of Canterbury
4424:Æthelwine of Athelney
4404:Ælfheah of Winchester
4399:Ælfheah of Canterbury
4363:Lewina of Bishopstone
4353:Cuthflæd of Lyminster
4297:Hadrian of Canterbury
4282:Birinus of Dorchester
4221:Oswine of Northumbria
4216:Oswald of Northumbria
4061:Balthere of Tyningham
4046:Alchhild of Middleham
4021:Æthelburh of Hackness
3955:Rumbold of Buckingham
3895:Frithuswith of Oxford
3870:Ealdgyth of Stortford
3855:Eadburh of Southwell
3775:Æthelberht of Bedford
3770:Ælfthryth of Crowland
3709:Albinus of Canterbury
3673:Maildub of Malmesbury
3617:Grimbald of St Bertin
3345:Congar of Congresbury
3335:Branwalator of Milton
2951:Late Medieval Bishops
2937:Robert of Holy Island
2832:High Medieval Bishops
2445:Bishop of Lindisfarne
2176:10.1093/ref:odnb/6976
2153:Raine, James (1828).
1962:Catholic Encyclopedia
1837:The Church of England
1515:St Cuthbert's Website
1201:Rollason & Dobson
1122:and the entry in the
1049:Vita Sancti Cuthberti
1036:Roman Catholic Church
895:St Cuthbert's College
870:St Cuthbert's Society
832:flag of County Durham
825:
769:Saint Cuthbert Gospel
735:
727:Harrying of the North
676:
660:
574:
540:Bishop of Lindisfarne
469:
398:
327:had been baptised by
4574:Wulfthryth of Wilton
4544:Humbert of Stokenham
4474:Cwenburh of Wimborne
4459:Beornwald of Bampton
4434:Aldhelm of Sherborne
4358:Cuthmann of Steyning
4312:Justus of Canterbury
4126:Dryhthelm of Melrose
4081:Bercthun of Beverley
3890:Frithuric of Breedon
3875:Earconwald of London
3860:Eadgyth of Aylesbury
3790:Æthelwynn of Sodbury
3734:Eormengyth of Thanet
3648:Aidan of Lindisfarne
3567:Hildelith of Barking
3562:Æthelburh of Barking
3486:Herefrith of Thorney
3441:Æthelwine of Lindsey
3375:Melorius of Amesbury
3204:Brooke Foss Westcott
3199:J. B. Lightfoot
3027:Early modern Bishops
2852:William de St-Calais
2315:. Penguin Classics.
2236:. Liturgical Press.
2108:Jones, G.R. (n.d.).
2060:Healy, John (1909).
1984:Benedict's Disciples
1499:20 July 2006 at the
1177:, pp. 2–22 and
988:St. Cuthbert's beads
864:Dame Allan's Schools
844:University of Durham
783:of 909–916, made of
755:translated to a new
725:at the start of the
710:St Cuthbert's church
611:Palatinate of Durham
561:St Cuthbert's coffin
508:Oswiu of Northumbria
484:St Cuthbert's Island
452:St Cuthbert's Church
420:praepositus hospitum
273:, Catholic Church).
19:For other uses, see
4729:Northumbrian saints
4539:Hædde of Winchester
4509:Eadweard the Martyr
4469:Cuthburh of Wimborn
4409:Æthelflæd of Romsey
4332:Peter of Canterbury
4211:Osthryth of Bardney
4101:Ceadda of Lichfield
3980:Wulfhild of Barking
3965:Werburgh of Chester
3940:Oswald of Worcester
3930:Milred of Worcester
3915:Mildburh of Wenlock
3905:Hæmma of Leominster
3850:Eadburh of Pershore
3845:Eadburh of Bicester
3632:Wulfram of Grantham
3622:Monegunda of Watton
3531:Walstan of Bawburgh
3521:Torthred of Thorney
3481:Guthlac of Crowland
3431:Æthelflæd of Ramsey
3370:Judoc of Winchester
3360:Elfin of Warrington
3330:Brannoc of Braunton
3172:Late modern Bishops
3163:William Van Mildert
2116:on 13 January 2007.
1657:on 4 September 2021
1410:, pp. 115–141.
1374:, pp. 122–129.
1362:, pp. 115–116.
1338:, pp. 125–141.
1314:, pp. 120–125.
1293:on 17 December 2019
1242:, pp. 136–137.
961:, who later played
929:Newcastle upon Tyne
548:Archbishop Theodore
269:) and 4 September (
66:Life of St Cuthbert
4734:People from Dunbar
4724:Colombanian saints
4600:Rumbold of Mechlin
4464:Centwine of Wessex
4444:Beocca of Chertsey
4246:Wilfrith of Hexham
4241:Wihtberht of Ripon
4151:Ealdberht of Ripon
4121:Cuthbert of Durham
4051:Alchmund of Hexham
4036:Æthelwold of Farne
4031:Æthelsige of Ripon
3945:Osburh of Coventry
3925:Mildrith of Thanet
3885:Freomund of Mercia
3825:Cyneburh of Castor
3810:Coenwulf of Mercia
3785:Æthelred of Mercia
3749:Sigeburh of Thanet
3739:Mildrith of Thanet
3699:Æthelburh of Kent
3694:Æthelberht of Kent
3641:Irish and Scottish
3597:Balthild of Romsey
3516:Tancred of Thorney
3456:Botwulf of Thorney
3446:Athwulf of Thorney
3436:Æthelthryth of Ely
3405:Sativola of Exeter
3395:Rumon of Tavistock
3380:Nectan of Hartland
3355:Decuman of Watchet
2917:Thomas de Melsonby
2399:Historical Society
2055:. Surtees Society.
1926:Brown, Michelle P.
1895:Fordham University
1756:on 26 October 2022
1519:Church of Scotland
1480:on 23 August 2006.
1062:St Cuthbert's Well
899:Epsom, New Zealand
828:
749:
683:
671:
581:
577:St Cuthbert Gospel
557:St Cuthbert Gospel
506:, the daughter of
492:St Cuthbert's Cave
480:
474:on Coquet Island,
404:
131:Church of Scotland
4704:Bishops of Hexham
4613:
4612:
4590:Arilda of Oldbury
4554:Mærwynn of Romsey
4499:Eadgyth of Wilton
4489:Eadgar of England
4389:Ælfgifu of Exeter
4384:Ælfgar of Selwood
4236:Tatberht of Ripon
4171:Ecgberht of Ripon
4106:Cedd of Lichfield
4011:Ælfflæd of Whitby
3975:Wigstan of Repton
3935:Oda of Canterbury
3820:Credan of Evesham
3800:Beonna of Breedon
3653:Boisil of Melrose
3627:Odwulf of Evesham
3476:Eadnoth of Ramsey
3461:Cissa of Crowland
3350:Dachuna of Bodmin
3325:Barloc of Norbury
3272:
3271:
3254:N. T. Wright
3059:Cuthbert Tunstall
2968:Lewis de Beaumont
2927:Walter of Kirkham
2636:Bishops of Durham
2602:
2601:
2494:Bishops of Hexham
2461:
2460:
2452:Succeeded by
2412:Leo Sherley-Price
2395:by John Butcher,
2345:978-1-139-44865-9
2322:978-0-140-44727-9
2301:978-0-521-31385-8
2267:978-0-8014-7766-9
2243:978-0-8146-3186-7
2204:978-1-118-31610-8
2182:(Subscription or
2145:978-0-8020-3518-9
2019:978-0-19-959660-7
1941:978-0-8020-8597-9
1819:St Cuthbert's Way
1504:Melrose, Scotland
1398:, pp. 64–66.
1024:Church of England
1009:St Cuthbert's Way
1003:Holme St Cuthbert
878:Chester-Le-Street
826:Cross of Cuthbert
714:Chester-le-Street
665:of Cuthbert from
607:Liberty of Durham
601:the Scots at the
518:, further south.
472:Ælfflæd of Whitby
333:Gregorian mission
282:Old Melrose Abbey
259:Church of England
189:
188:
113:Venerated in
95:(now in Scotland)
4761:
4719:Incorrupt saints
4666:
4665:
4664:
4654:
4653:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4621:
4524:Edor of Chertsey
4514:Eadwold of Cerne
4379:Æbbe of Abingdon
4327:Paulinus of York
4307:James the Deacon
4256:Wilgils of Ripon
4226:Sicgred of Ripon
4201:John of Beverley
4096:Botwine of Ripon
4071:Bega of Copeland
4056:Alkmund of Derby
3880:Egwin of Evesham
3815:Cotta of Breedon
3765:Ælfnoth of Stowe
3704:Æthelred of Kent
3663:Ultan the Scribe
3612:Helier of Jersey
3546:Wulfric of Holme
3451:Blida of Martham
3385:Neot of Cornwall
3340:Credan of Bodmin
3320:Aldate of Oxford
3299:
3292:
3285:
3276:
3275:
3249:Michael Turnbull
3158:Shute Barrington
3094:George Montaigne
3064:James Pilkington
3039:William Senhouse
3031:
2955:
2932:Robert Stitchill
2922:Nicholas Farnham
2882:Philip of Poitou
2839:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2606:
2605:
2537:John of Beverley
2487:
2480:
2473:
2464:
2463:
2435:Preceded by
2429:Christian titles
2425:
2424:
2415:
2410:. Translated by
2372:
2349:
2326:
2305:
2271:
2247:
2226:
2208:
2187:
2179:
2160:
2149:
2128:
2117:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2095:on 24 April 2009
2094:
2079:
2069:
2056:
2045:
2023:
2008:(5th ed.).
1998:
1977:
1966:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1882:
1862:
1861:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1752:. Archived from
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1521:, Lothian Road,
1512:
1506:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1476:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1408:Battiscombe 1956
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1372:Battiscombe 1956
1369:
1363:
1360:Battiscombe 1956
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1336:Battiscombe 1956
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1312:Battiscombe 1956
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1289:. Archived from
1279:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1213:
1204:
1198:
1182:
1175:Battiscombe 1956
1171:
1165:
1162:
1156:
1149:
1143:
1110:
719:Bishop Æthelwine
615:Bishop of Durham
603:Battle of Carham
528:Bishop of Hexham
510:, who succeeded
401:Durham Cathedral
329:Paulinus of York
296:to Melrose when
267:Episcopal Church
247:Durham Cathedral
239:Northern England
203:Celtic tradition
200:
197:
160:Episcopal Church
146:Durham Cathedral
142:
86:
83:
55:
35:
34:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4758:
4744:Anglican saints
4739:Miracle workers
4674:
4673:
4672:
4662:
4660:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4616:
4614:
4609:
4578:
4367:
4341:
4260:
4206:Osana of Howden
4186:Hilda of Whitby
4076:Benedict Biscop
3984:
3960:Tibba of Ryhall
3753:
3677:
3636:
3607:Felix of Dommoc
3589:
3587:
3581:
3577:Sæbbi of London
3550:
3541:Wihtburh of Ely
3526:Tova of Thorney
3506:Seaxburh of Ely
3501:Pega of Peakirk
3496:Huna of Thorney
3409:
3313:British / Welsh
3308:
3303:
3273:
3268:
3229:Maurice Harland
3184:Charles Longley
3167:
3133:Edward Chandler
3032:
3029:
3028:
3022:
2978:Thomas Hatfield
2973:Richard de Bury
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2312:The Age of Bede
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2277:Further reading
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2252:Webster, Leslie
2244:
2213:Urban, Sylvanus
2205:
2181:
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2052:Rites of Durham
2042:
2028:Fletcher, R. A.
2020:
1995:
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1909:Belvue (2020).
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888:Woodard Schools
884:Worksop College
820:
811:Ernst Kitzinger
798:opus anglicanum
773:British Library
655:
643:Kingdom of York
569:
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470:Cuthbert meets
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431:Synod of Whitby
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3194:Charles Baring
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3153:Thomas Thurlow
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3128:William Talbot
3125:
3123:Nathaniel Crew
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3079:Tobias Matthew
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3074:Matthew Hutton
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3049:Thomas Ruthall
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3008:William Dudley
3005:
3003:Lawrence Booth
3000:
2998:Robert Neville
2995:
2993:Thomas Langley
2990:
2988:Walter Skirlaw
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2835:rulers of the
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2591:See united to
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2438:Eata of Hexham
2436:
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2390:
2379:
2378:External links
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1849:
1833:"The Calendar"
1824:
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1785:
1767:
1738:
1726:
1724:, p. 172.
1714:
1702:
1700:, p. 180.
1690:
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1622:, p. 107.
1612:
1600:
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1218:, p. 108.
1205:
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1130:. His name in
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933:school prayers
890:to be opened.
836:counterchanged
819:
816:
785:Byzantine silk
765:Gospel of John
741:Fenwick Lawson
679:king St Oswald
663:incorrupt body
654:
651:
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565:
523:
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448:Dull, Scotland
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364:Firth of Forth
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294:Eata of Hexham
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3590:and Old Saxon
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3179:Edward Maltby
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3138:Joseph Butler
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3084:William James
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3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Thomas Wolsey
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:John Sherwood
3011:
3009:
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2989:
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2913:
2912:Richard Poore
2910:
2908:
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2903:
2902:Richard Marsh
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2887:Richard Poore
2885:
2883:
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2878:
2875:
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2870:
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2867:William Cumin
2865:
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2503:
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2159:. G. Andrews.
2158:
2157:
2151:
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2136:
2130:
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2037:
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2029:
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2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2000:
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1994:0-85244-274-2
1990:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1968:
1964:
1963:
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1943:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1912:
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1896:
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1780:eiderdown.org
1777:
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1755:
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1723:
1718:
1711:
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1699:
1698:Fletcher 2003
1694:
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1621:
1616:
1609:
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1594:9781843833772
1590:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1537:, p. ii.
1536:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1463:, p. 64.
1462:
1457:
1451:, p. 78.
1450:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1350:, p. 60.
1349:
1344:
1337:
1332:
1326:, p. 57.
1325:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1270:
1269:"onomasticon"
1263:
1255:
1248:
1241:
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1224:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1193:
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1141:
1138:and in Latin
1137:
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1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1109:
1105:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1075:County Durham
1072:
1071:Ushaw College
1069:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1050:
1046:
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1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
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1014:
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937:
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926:
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916:
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891:
889:
885:
881:
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875:
871:
867:
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861:
860:Tyne and Wear
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
824:
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812:
806:
804:
800:
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720:
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711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
688:
685:According to
680:
675:
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664:
659:
650:
648:
644:
639:
637:
632:
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624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
598:
595:
594:Thomas Becket
590:
586:
578:
573:
564:
562:
558:
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541:
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529:
519:
517:
516:Coquet Island
513:
509:
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497:
493:
489:
485:
477:
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468:
462:Hermit's life
459:
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193:
185:
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107:
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98:
94:
90:
80:
76:
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
49:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
4656:Christianity
4120:
4091:Bosa of York
3989:Northumbrian
3414:East Anglian
3259:Justin Welby
3239:John Habgood
3148:John Egerton
3111:Commonwealth
3108:
3018:Richard Foxe
2983:John Fordham
2907:William Scot
2892:John de Gray
2682:
2669:
2590:
2555:Frithubeorht
2504:
2443:
2407:
2358:
2335:
2311:
2290:
2256:
2232:
2217:
2193:
2165:
2155:
2134:
2123:
2114:the original
2097:. Retrieved
2090:the original
2085:
2081:
2065:
2051:
2031:
2004:
1983:
1972:
1960:
1957:St. Cuthbert
1930:
1914:. Retrieved
1898:. Retrieved
1877:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1779:
1770:
1758:. Retrieved
1754:the original
1749:
1747:"Loading..."
1741:
1729:
1722:Webster 2012
1717:
1705:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1652:the original
1639:
1627:
1615:
1608:Lapsley 1900
1603:
1584:
1578:
1573:, p. 9.
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1510:
1478:the original
1468:
1461:Ireland 1991
1456:
1444:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1319:
1307:
1295:. Retrieved
1291:the original
1286:
1277:
1262:
1247:
1235:
1228:Thacker 2013
1223:
1196:
1169:
1160:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1092:
1054:
1047:
1018:Cuthbert is
1017:
1007:
1000:
992:
981:
977:Chesterfield
974:
967:
959:Sean Connery
949:
938:
923:
892:
882:
868:
855:
847:
829:
807:
796:
750:
736:
723:King William
699:
684:
640:
622:
609:, later the
599:
582:
525:
481:
428:
419:
405:
372:Alban Butler
367:
361:
345:
313:
275:
251:patron saint
191:
190:
103:20 March 687
65:
57:
32:
4346:South Saxon
4251:Wilfrith II
3264:Paul Butler
3099:John Howson
2593:Lindisfarne
1683:4 September
1661:4 September
1620:Fowler 1903
1571:Marner 2000
1547:Butler 1833
1437:Burton 1908
1420:Farmer 1995
1384:Farmer 1995
1348:Farmer 1995
1324:Farmer 1995
1216:Farmer 2011
1132:Old English
982:Fossilised
915:Lindisfarne
777:bookbinding
759:behind the
737:The Journey
700:In 875 the
636:Reformation
623:haliwerfolc
496:Inner Farne
227:Lindisfarne
219:monasteries
205:. He was a
122:Anglicanism
106:Inner Farne
93:Northumbria
4689:687 deaths
4684:634 births
4678:Categories
4372:West Saxon
3555:East Saxon
3234:Ian Ramsey
3118:John Cosin
2942:Antony Bek
2670:United to
2571:Æthelberht
2384:Cuthbert 1
2186:required.)
1868:References
1760:26 October
1559:Urban 1852
1535:Raine 1828
1449:Healy 1909
1396:Brown 2003
1283:"Cuthbert"
1240:Walsh 2007
1140:Cuthbertus
1086:In fiction
1020:remembered
995:eider duck
963:James Bond
905:(yellow),
793:embroidery
435:asceticism
429:After the
410:, king of
278:Lauderdale
199: 634
168:Attributes
85: 634
4644:Biography
4529:Evorhilda
3586:Frisian,
2823:Æthelwine
2718:Heathwred
2698:Æthelwold
2566:Tilbeorht
1801:bbc.co.uk
1734:Jones n.d
1523:Edinburgh
1297:1 October
1189:Citations
1136:Cūþbeorht
917:(white),
874:waymarked
862:, namely
818:Namesakes
803:Æthelstan
781:vestments
691:incorrupt
456:Edinburgh
408:Alchfrith
241:, with a
178:Patronage
148:, England
3920:Mildgyth
3588:Frankish
3536:Wendreda
2818:Æthelric
2754:Cutheard
2703:Cynewulf
2693:Eadfrith
2688:Eadberht
2683:Cuthbert
2586:Tidfrith
2581:Eanbehrt
2576:Heardred
2561:Eahlmund
2525:Cuthbert
2519:Trumbert
2455:Eadberht
2449:685–687
2254:(2012).
2215:(1852).
2030:(2003).
1976:. Coyne.
1928:(2003).
1900:20 March
1842:27 March
1632:Bede 721
1497:Archived
1153:Bernicia
1042:See also
1032:20 March
945:Rochdale
913:(blue),
903:Dunblane
631:corporal
585:miracles
536:Ecgfrith
532:Alnmouth
512:St Hilda
500:Bamburgh
444:Galloway
320:Scotland
45:Cuthbert
4668:England
4618:Portals
4156:Eanmund
3970:Wærstan
3910:Merefin
3758:Mercian
3682:Kentish
2847:Walcher
2784:Ælfsige
2779:Ealdred
2774:Sexhelm
2749:Eardulf
2733:Eardulf
2728:Eanbert
2708:Higbald
2543:Wilfrid
2397:Melrose
2082:Celtica
1889:(721).
1525:church.
1026:with a
1022:in the
984:crinoid
955:Scotmid
919:Melrose
706:Melrose
504:Elfleda
488:Holburn
440:Berwick
348:Wilfrid
298:Wilfrid
280:, near
229:in the
223:Melrose
4632:Saints
4287:Blaise
4191:Hyglac
3572:Osgyth
2897:Morgan
2813:Eadred
2808:Edmund
2804:Aldhun
2789:Aldhun
2769:Uhtred
2764:Wigred
2759:Tilred
2723:Ecgred
2713:Egbert
2660:Colmán
2365:
2342:
2319:
2298:
2264:
2240:
2201:
2180:
2142:
2099:5 June
2038:
2016:
2010:Oxford
1991:
1953:
1938:
1916:14 May
1591:
757:shrine
753:relics
745:Durham
695:cultus
653:Relics
589:prayer
567:Legacy
553:Durham
391:Career
381:Boisil
377:angels
337:Oswald
316:Dunbar
215:hermit
211:bishop
140:shrine
138:Major
89:Dunbar
73:Bishop
4265:Roman
2655:Finan
2650:Aidan
2093:(PDF)
2078:(PDF)
1655:(PDF)
1648:(PDF)
1100:Notes
1093:Cuddy
953:(now
911:Kelso
907:Elgin
789:stole
771:(now
761:altar
702:Danes
424:prior
416:Ripon
412:Deira
290:Ripon
286:Aidan
235:saint
154:Feast
40:Saint
4176:Eoda
2678:Eata
2672:York
2665:Tuda
2549:Acca
2531:Eata
2514:Eata
2404:Bede
2363:ISBN
2340:ISBN
2317:ISBN
2296:ISBN
2286:Bede
2262:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2199:ISBN
2140:ISBN
2101:2010
2036:ISBN
2014:ISBN
1989:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1918:2020
1902:2019
1887:Bede
1844:2021
1762:2022
1685:2021
1663:2021
1589:ISBN
1299:2018
1134:was
1112:The
968:The
830:The
687:Bede
667:Bede
661:The
619:king
544:York
476:Bede
352:Eata
341:Iona
305:Life
243:cult
225:and
213:and
207:monk
100:Died
78:Born
62:Bede
2559:St
2553:St
2547:St
2541:St
2535:St
2529:St
2523:St
2512:St
2386:at
2223:504
2172:doi
1064:in
1030:on
943:in
897:in
795:or
712:in
546:by
454:in
442:to
237:of
221:of
64:'s
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2080:.
2064:.
1893:.
1835:.
1817:.
1799:.
1788:^
1778:.
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1427:^
1285:.
1208:^
1015:.
990:.
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649:.
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2246:.
2225:.
2207:.
2178:.
2174::
2148:.
2103:.
2044:.
2022:.
1997:.
1944:.
1920:.
1904:.
1860:.
1846:.
1821:.
1803:.
1782:.
1764:.
1736:.
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1610:.
1597:.
1439:.
1301:.
1230:.
1203:.
1142:.
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194:(
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119:;
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23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.