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of thoroughly trained officials serving during good behavior we must have in any case: that is a plain business necessity. But the apprehension that such a body will be anything un-American clears away the moment it is asked. What is to constitute good behavior? For that question obviously carries its own answer on its face. Steady, hearty allegiance to the policy of the government they serve will constitute good behavior. That policy will have no taint of officialism about it. It will not be the creation of permanent officials, but of statesmen whose responsibility to public opinion will be direct and inevitable. Bureaucracy can exist only where the whole service of the state is removed from the common political life of the people, its chiefs as well as its rank and file. Its motives, its objects, its policy, its standards, must be bureaucratic. It would be difficult to point out any examples of impudent exclusiveness and arbitrariness on the part of officials doing service under a chief of department who really served the people, as all our chiefs of departments must be made to do. It would be easy, on the other hand, to adduce other instances like that of the influence of
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But to fear the creation of a domineering, illiberal officialism as a result of the studies I am here proposing is to miss altogether the principle upon which I wish most to insist. That principle is, that administration in the United States must be at all points sensitive to public opinion. A body
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Modern
Bureaucrat – Bureaucrats gained increasingly negative reputations throughout the second half of the 20th century. As populations grow it becomes harder for bureaucratic systems to work because it often involves a lot of paperwork, which increases processing times, which eventually will be
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Classical – someone who starts at a low level of public work and does not have to express opinions of their own in their professional capacities. They follow policy guidelines and gain increasing ranks within the system. Tax collectors, government accountants, police officers, fire fighters, and
186:
European – originally referred to as "Mandarins" stemming from the
Chinese word for government employee. Bureaucracy did not catch on in Europe very much due to the many different governments in the region, and constant change and advancement, and relative freedom of the upper class. With the
77:
Bureaucrats play various roles in modern society, by virtue of holding administrative, functional, and managerial positions in government. They carry out the day-to-day implementation of enacted policies for central government agencies, such as postal services, education and healthcare
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They must exercise their judgment and their skills, but their duty is to place these at the service of a higher authority. Ultimately they are responsible only for the impartial execution of assigned tasks and must sacrifice their personal judgment if it runs counter to their official
254:
nearly impossible to manage. The digital age and the
Internet have revolutionized Bureaucrats and the modern Bureaucrat has a different skill set than before. Also, the internet lowers the corruption levels of some Bureaucratic entities such as the Police Force due to social media and
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derives from "bureaucracy", which in turn derives from the French "bureaucratie" first known from the 18th century. Bureaucratic work had already been performed for many centuries. The term may also refer to managerial and directorial executives in the corporate sector.
238:, published in 1847, that "the long duration of the Chinese empire is solely and altogether owing to the good government which consists in the advancement of men of talent and merit only," and that the British must reform their civil service by making the institution
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wrote favourably of the idea, with
Voltaire claiming that the Chinese had "perfected moral science" and Quesnay advocating an economic and political system modeled after that of the Chinese. The implementation of
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Bureaucratic control is the use of rules, regulations, and formal authority to guide performance. It includes such things as budgets, statistical reports, and performance appraisals to regulate behavior and
242:. In 1958, though, after the formation of the European Union the job of the Bureaucrat became extremely important to help organize and govern such a large and diverse community. In 1961 the term
183:. After 1905, the Mandarins were replaced by modern civil servants. In 1949, the Communist Party took over China, and by their theory, all people were bureaucrats who worked for the government.
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in
Prussia, where the leadership of one statesman imbued with true public spirit transformed arrogant and perfunctory bureaux into public-spirited instruments of just government.
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They exercise the authority delegated to them in accordance with impersonal rules, and their loyalty is enlisted on behalf of the faithful execution of their official duties.
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is the earliest recording of
Chinese bureaucrats. There was a 9 rank system, each rank having more power than the lower rank. This type of bureaucrat went on until the
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They are personally free and appointed to their position on the basis of conduct.
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Al-Hegelan, Abdelrahman (1985). "Bureaucracy and
Development in Saudi Arabia".
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The
Bureaucratic Entrepreneur: How to Be Effective in Any Unruly Organization
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The expansion of
England: race, ethnicity and cultural history
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605:. Vol. 2, no. 2. pp. 197–222. Archived from
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The Case for Bureaucracy: a Public Administration Polemic
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military personnel are examples of classical bureaucrats.
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The Bureaucratic Experience: the Post-Modern Challenge
303:, later a US president, professed in his 1887 article
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Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China
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Their administrative work is a full-time occupation.
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of 1854 which was influenced by the ancient Chinese
377:"bureaucrat – definition of bureaucrat in English"
271:defined a bureaucratic official as the following:
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725:National Association of Professional Bureaucrats
489:. Independence Hall Association in Philadelphia
78:administration, and various regulatory bodies.
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434:"The North Korean bureaucracy is here to stay"
171:" – Mandarins were important from 605 to 1905
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1001:Civil service reform in developing countries
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120:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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660:(4th ed.). Washington, DC: CQ Press.
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565:. Columbia University.
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