364:"drinking the blood of the people." They claimed Armenia was in a "catastrophic situation" and that "corrupt officials" were not doing anything to provide the way out. Vazgen Sargsyan was the main target of the group and the other deaths were said to be unintended. According to reporters who witnessed the shooting, the men went up to Sargsyan and said, "Enough of drinking our blood," to which Sargsyan calmly responded, "Everything is being done for you and the future of your children." Sargsyan was hit several times. Hunanyan claimed that the eight deaths and dozens of injuries in the attack were all "innocent victims" except for the case of Sargsyan, who he said had "failed the nation". Anna Israelyan, a journalist who witnessed the incident, stated that "the first shots were fired directly at Vazgen Sargsyan at a distance of one to two meters" and, in her words, "it was impossible that he would have survived." Gagik Saratikyan, a cameraman, was the first person from outside to be allowed to go into the building while the men were in control of it. Saratikyan recorded the dead bodies of Sargsyan and Demirchyan. Sargsyan's body was taken out of the parliament building on the evening of 27 October.
271:
668:
439:
824:'s National Security Adviser and his close ally until 1993, without presenting any proof and having access to secret services, stated in October 2000 that Armenian officials were warned by a foreign country about the shootings. He also declared that "Western special services" were involved in the October 27 events. In Manucharyan's words, "the special services of the US and France are acting to destroy Armenia, and in this context, they are much likely to be involved in the realization of the terrorist acts in Armenia."
964:"Some relatives and friends of the assassinated officials, among them two of Armenia's most popular opposition leaders, suspect Kocharian of having a hand in the killings and have openly accused him of obstructing justice. Kocharian and his supporters have always dismissed the charges." "It thrust the Armenian government into serious turmoil, with government factions loyal to the slain officials suspecting Kocharian and then National Security Minister Serzh Sarkisian of eliminating increasingly powerful rivals."
563:
577:
497:
159:
31:
146:
133:
723:, an opposition alliance led by Ter-Petrosyan, released a statement on the 10th anniversary of the shooting blaming "Kocharyan and Serzh Sarkisyan for the killings, claiming that most Armenians consider them the masterminds of the crime." The statement continued, "October 27 was a violent seizure of power perpetrated by means of terrorism. Terrorism thus became the regime's main tool for clinging to power and reproducing itself."
541:
479:
519:
457:
683:
857:
had recently created in parliament an alliance for democratic reform, and they were only men who commanded the resources and popularity to challenge the president one day. Of course, there was no actual evidence that Robert
Kocharyan was complicit in this monstrous crime against the Armenian people, but it was clear that he emerged from the bloodbath with absolute power.
605:
the investigating team considered more than a dozen theories. By
January 2000, Jhangiryan's investigators considered the connection of Kocharyan and his circle to the parliament shooting. Several figures close to Kocharyan were arrested, including Aleksan Harutiunyan, the Deputy Presidential Adviser, and Harutiun Harutiunyan, the Deputy Director of the
2407:( on 11 May 2013) "Litvinenko had also blamed the Russian special services for shootings in the Armenian parliament in 1999, concluding that, as a result, "Russia's political leadership managed to prevent the signing of a peace agreement resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict". Again, he provided no evidence to back up his accusation."
389:
Kocharyan, the gunmen released the hostages and gave themselves up on the morning of 28 October after a standoff that lasted 17–18 hours. Kocharyan had guaranteed the personal security of the gunmen and the right to a free trial. In the meantime, the
Armenian armed forces blocked the roads leading to Yerevan for security reasons.
931:, stated that "It is impossible to get an entire revelation while the current authorities are in power. However, sooner or later the reality will be disclosed. This is a matter of our statehood's dignity. Only in case of having an entire revelation we will be able to overcome the negative consequences of the October 27 events."
789:, in which he claimed that the Russian secret services had been behind the shooting. On May 7, 2013, in an interview to the same agency, Artsruni Avetisysan claimed the shooting was perpetrated by Lieutenant General Vahan Shirkhanyan, the Deputy Minister of Defense from 1992 to 1999 and the National Security Minister
637:
leadership void in the political establishment. Conspiracy theories immediately flourished that the gunmen had been acting on orders to sabotage a
Karabakh peace deal, but a decade on, the available evidence still pointed to the leading gunman being a loner with a grudge against the Armenian political elite.
636:
It has never been fully explained what motivated the attack: the gunmen claimed to have been acting on their own initiative, and despite abundant conspiracy theories, no convincing evidence surfaced to suggest that any political leader or party was behind the attack. Nevertheless, the killings left a
604:
The five men were charged with terrorism aimed at undermining authority on 29 October. The investigation was led by Gagik
Jhangiryan, the Chief Military Prosecutor of Armenia, who claimed his team was looking for the masterminds of the shooting even after the trial had begun. According to Jhangiryan,
534:
expressed his "deep anger" and "sharp condemnation of the actions of the terrorists". He instructed the
Russian ambassador in Yerevan to convey his "deepest sympathies" and condolences to all those who had suffered "as a result of this barbarous act". President Yeltsin was also quoted as saying there
861:
From early June to late
October 1999, the political system in Armenia was based on the Demirchyan-Sargsyan tandem, which controlled the military, the legislative and the executive branches. Their assassination disrupted the political balance in the country and the political arena of Armenia was left
737:
stated in 2002 that "We have come to the conclusion that the crime was aimed at making Robert
Kocharian's power unlimited and uncontrolled. By physically eliminating Karen Demirchyan and Vazgen Sargsyan, its organizers wanted to create prerequisites for Kocharyan's victory in the future presidential
512:
of
Kazakhstan sent a telegram of condolences to President Kocharyan, saying it was a "barbaric" incident that had been received "with shock and indignation". Nazarbayev emphasized that this "monstrous crime once again demands that we join efforts to step up the uncompromising fight against terrorism
856:
For weeks the
Armenians mourned in silence, but from their grief a startling theory began to evolve. The assassinations had been pinned on the terrorist leader, an ex-journalist named Nairi Hunanyan, but the public was not satisfied. The fact was that Prime Minister Sargsyan and Speaker Demirchyan
706:
were behind the assassination of Vazgen Sargsyan and other leading politicians. In January 2000, investigators alleged that several members of President Robert Kocharian's inner circle had been behind the October 27 shooting, promoting some opposition figures to call for Kocharian's resignation.
730:
stated that he has many questions to both governments of Robert Kocharyan and Serzh Sargsyan. He claimed the judicial process of October 27 "deepened the public distrust in the authorities" as "many questions remain unanswered today" According to Aram Sargsyan, the disclosure of the shooting is
589:
condemned the shootings, calling it a "senseless act", and stated renewed US support for Armenia. He added, "At this time of tragedy we renew our support for the people of Armenia and their leaders as they continue to build on the principles today's victims have so courageously embodied." Vice
384:
were brought into Yerevan, positioned on Baghramyan Avenue surrounding the National Assembly building. Meanwhile, ambulances rushed to the site of the shooting. President Robert Kocharyan was directing the operation of the security forces around the parliament building. While holding around 50
388:
President Kocharyan gave a speech on television announcing that the situation was under control. His spokesman was quick to characterize the men as "individual terrorists" and assured that "it's only the parliament building and a very small group." After overnight negotiations with President
594:
stated: "I was deeply saddened by today's shocking and brutal attack on the Armenian Parliament. I condemn this assault on Armenian democracy and extend my deep condolences to the families of the victims." On November 17, 1999, the House of Representatives passed a resolution deploring the
392:
On 28 October 1999, President Kocharyan declared a three-day mourning period. The state funeral ceremony for the victims of the parliament shooting took place from 30 October to 31 October 1999. The bodies of the victims, including Sargsyan, were placed inside the
836:(Dashnaktsutyun). According to the ARF representatives, Hunanyan was expelled from the party in 1992 for misconduct and had not been in any association with the ARF since then. Some speculations have been made about the involvement of the ARF in the shootings.
884:
Kocharyan successfully prevented the Unity bloc-controlled parliament from impeaching him, and gradually consolidated power around himself. Kocharyan remained highly unpopular in Armenia, as a poll in August 2002 showed at least three other politicians
910:
wrote in 2000 that the "October 27 events adversely impacted the situation in the country in all aspects and spheres and its consequences will be felt for long, in economic, political and social expressions" and predicted a further decline in
426:
found that 56.9% of respondents said that the 27 October events were a crime against statehood and the country's authorities. 63.4% of those questioned believed that the terrorist group consisted of assassins–traitors and enemies.
718:
he explicitly stated that "If you vote for Serzh Sargsyan on February 19, you will vote for Nairi Hunanyan. He who elects Serzh Sarkisian would desecrate the holy graves of Karen Demirchian and Vazgen Sarkisian." In 2009 the
905:
and the widow of Yuri Bakhshyan, the assassinated Deputy National Assembly Speaker, stated that "Robert Kocharyan turned October 27, 1999, terrorism act to good use, making a shift towards more totalitarian regime."
640:
In an interview in April 2013, Rita Demirchyan, the widow of Karen Demirchyan, suggested that the shooting was commanded from outside of Armenia and that it was not an attempted coup, but rather an assassination.
731:"vital" for Armenia. Sargsyan at conclusion insisted that he "have never accused this or the former authorities in being responsible for October 27. I have accused them in not fully disclosing October 27."
1185:
778:
also denied the Russian involvement in the shootings. The NSS spokesman Artsvin Baghramyan stated "not a single fact or even a hint relating to Litvinenko's theory emerged during the trial." President
360:, describing their act as "patriotic" and "needed for the nation to regain its senses." They said they wanted to "punish the authorities for what they do to the nation" and described the government as
2087:
Disagreements over NK policy had played a large role in the resignation of Armenia's president in 1998 and in the 1999 assassinations of its prime minister, parliamentary speaker, and other officials.
2123:
Many Armenians believe the shootings were the result of a conspiracy, in which Kocharian was involved. They note that some of Kocharian's main political rivals at the time were among those killed.
2663:(17). Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zurich; Jefferson Institute, Washington D.C.; Heinrich Böll Foundation, Tbilisi; Research Centre for East European Studies, University of Bremen: 8
571:: The Foreign Office spokesman said: "This is clearly a terrible blow for Armenia after gaining independence in 1991 and after efforts to build up a democracy. We do not condone terrorism."
1784:
535:
was a need "to curb decisively all manifestations of terrorism, wherever they happened," stressing Russia's readiness for "close co-operation on this issue with all concerned parties."
877:
was appointed prime minister. However, Aram Sargsyan was dismissed by President Kocharyan in May 2000 due to an "inability to work" with Sargsyan's cabinet. Republican Party leader
785:
On October 27, 2012, the French-based Armenian political refugee and former Apostolic priest Artsruni Avetisysan (also known by his religious name Ter Girgor) gave an interview to
714:
has repeatedly "accused Kocharyan and Serzh Sargsyan and their 'criminal-oligarchic' system of being the real perpetrators of the parliament shooting." In the run up to the
840:
stated in 2000 that he is much worried about the circumstance that "a number of Dashnaktsutyun party leaders are acting in the interest of the American foreign policy."
759:
258:, mostly involving President Kocharyan, whose tenure thereafter was frequently criticized as authoritarian. Sargsyan and Demirchyan were posthumously honored with
1013:
2045:""Դա եղել է սպանություն, ոչ թե հեղաշրջում". Կ. Դեմիրճյանի այրին՝ հոկտեմբերի 27-մասին [Karen Demirchyan's widow: It was an assassination, not a coup]"
628:, his younger brother Karen Hunanyan, their uncle Vram Galstyan, Derenik Ejanyan and Eduard Grigoryan) were sentenced to life in prison on 2 December 2003.
2364:
2348:
338:
698:
Although the investigation did not find any considerable evidence linking Kocharyan to the Hunanyan group, many Armenian people believe that President
2278:
The Miasnutiun victory significantly limited President Robert Kocharian's powers, with Sarkisian increasingly emerging as Armenia's most powerful man.
2790:
1589:
1093:
2937:
2822:
1239:
1992:
Democracy on Rocky Ground: Armenia's Disputed 2008 Presidential Election, Post-election Violence, and the One-sided Pursuit of Accountability
1792:
237:
1557:
2932:
2902:
707:
However, Kocharyan gradually consolidated his power throughout the year to emerge as the most powerful figure in the country's leadership.
2832:
2499:"Before October 27, 1999 Armenian representatives were warned from the outside about a terrorist attack, declares the Armenian politician"
624:, the Prosecutor General, and his office, which finally closed the case for lack of evidence. The five main perpetrators of the shooting (
862:
in disarray for months. The assassination hit Armenia's international reputation, resulting in a decline in the foreign investment. The "
1320:
270:
2942:
1670:
609:
but, by the summer of that year, they were released. Eventually, Jhangiryan failed to find evidence linking Kocharyan to the shooting.
2882:
1674:
2927:
423:
2917:
2421:
755:
1473:
2892:
2847:
2693:
2602:
2573:
2385:
2377:
2155:
2116:
2027:
1999:
1892:
1505:
1434:
989:
295:
44:
994:
In fact it seemed hard to discern any clear political objective in the attack beyond the immediate wish to kill Sarkisian...
2912:
2417:
1608:
1535:
762:
of having organised the Armenian parliament shooting, ostensibly to derail the peace process which would have resolved the
612:
The investigation ended and the case was sent to court on 12 July 2000. The trial began on 15 February 2001, in Yerevan's
244:
1832:
385:
hostages inside the building, the men demanded a helicopter and airtime on national television for a political statement.
2887:
715:
1272:
2907:
2162:
He is rumored to have been behind the gunning down of several of his opponents on the floor of the parliament in 1999.
1145:
1115:
775:
354:
Hunanyan was accompanied by his brother Karen, uncle Vram, and two others. The group claimed they were carrying out a
2852:
2322:
1613:
1021:
833:
794:
2872:
2373:
1640:
422:
A poll carried out immediately after the shooting (on 30–31 October) by the Center for Sociological Studies of the
2867:
2857:
2713:
2619:
2077:
1970:
1097:
940:
650:
2391:
2290:
254:
The shooting led to significant changes in the country's political landscape. It remains a subject of numerous
767:
279:
298:
in Yerevan, while the government was holding a question-and-answer session. They fatally shot eight people:
2922:
2897:
2541:
He became the most powerful politician in the country long before he won the parliamentary elections in May
985:
912:
870:
771:
606:
550:
1214:
2877:
2623:
2620:"Armenia: Privatization and Foreign Direct Investment in a Climate of Political and Economic Instability"
923:
On 27 October 2009, a memorial was installed in the National Assembly park. During the opening ceremony,
402:
214:
2798:
1390:
491:
visited the Armenian embassy in Tehran, where he left a condolence note in the book on the sad occasion.
720:
381:
1449:
2862:
1806:
763:
230:
1705:
2768:
1243:
1210:
907:
259:
199:
2469:
2243:
1454:
506:
377:
361:
151:
2565:
2443:
2363:
Monaghan, Andrew; Plater Zyberk, Henry (2007). "Misunderstanding Russia: Alexander Litvinenko".
2135:
1678:
1430:
2640:
The assassinations directly impacted foreign investment, which dropped 92.2% from 1998 to 1999.
2147:
2761:
1066:
654:
that the disagreements over Nagorno-Karabakh policy had "played a large role in the shooting.
2108:
2101:
1339:
394:
2139:
2653:
2179:
1762:
751:
509:
1908:
1885:
Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 2000–2001
1498:
Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 2000–2001
8:
2193:
Many Armenians continue to believe that Kocharian was responsible for the assassinations.
894:
821:
770:
denied any such involvement, and described Litvinenko's accusation as an attempt to harm
711:
554:
528:
2827:
2558:
2342:
2211:
1966:
1590:"Sargsyan Demirchian Others Laid to Rest; President Calls Emergency Parliament Session"
902:
890:
878:
817:
667:
1411:
2689:
2627:
2598:
2569:
2553:
2381:
2234:"Բազմաթիվ հարցականները մնացին օդից կախված [Many questions remain unanswered]"
2151:
2140:
2112:
2072:
2023:
1995:
1888:
1501:
1219:
924:
886:
849:
837:
813:
645:
373:
332:
326:
255:
190:
138:
2709:
2265:
1934:
1858:
1116:"Armenian MPs commemorate victims of 1999 terror act committed at National Assembly"
866:
dual command" of Sargsyan and Demirchyan transferred to President Robert Kocharyan.
356:
171:
2444:"Ո՞վ պետք է սպանվեր Հոկտեմբերի 27-ին [Who was to be killed on October 27?]"
1666:
1394:
928:
898:
802:
779:
699:
673:
621:
613:
448:
344:
308:
248:
240:
1558:"Gunmen Free Hostages Surrender; Three Day Mourning Period Announced by President"
2739:
2502:
1301:
302:
275:
233:
81:
2142:
The post-Soviet wars: rebellion, ethnic conflict, and nationhood in the Caucasus
1618:
1543:
782:'s national security adviser, Garnik Isagulyan, called Litvinenko a "sick man."
2560:
Family of Shadows: A Century of Murder, Memory, and the Armenian American Dream
2524:
2418:"Russian embassy denies special services' part in Armenian parliament shooting"
2323:"Shooting of the Armenian Parliament was organized by Russian special services"
2015:
1736:
1575:
1521:
1364:
1119:
1049:
798:
790:
734:
703:
688:
625:
568:
466:
314:
287:
222:
117:
2233:
2841:
2735:
2082:
1469:
1268:
1181:
874:
727:
657:
582:
531:
488:
470:
320:
2498:
1297:
1149:
1123:
2736:"October 27 terrorism act – major blow on Armenia's international prestige"
1344:
586:
2044:
766:, but he offered no evidence to support the accusation. In May 2005, the
620:
District Court. The judicial case was transferred to the jurisdiction of
617:
286:
On 27 October 1999, at around 5:15 p.m., five men led by journalist
2688:(45th ed.). London: Taylor & Francis Group. 2004. p. 554.
1148:. The Office to the President of the Republic of Armenia. Archived from
2470:"Այդ մարդը Շիրխանյա՞նն էր [Was Vahan Shirkhanyan that person?]"
2174:
873:
was elected speaker of the parliament, while Vazgen Sargsyan's brother
832:
Nairi Hunanyan, the leader of the armed group, was an ex-member of the
502:
398:
1321:"Vazgen Sargsyan Karen Demirchian Killed in Gunmen Raid on Parliament"
1094:"Ten Years Later, Deadly Shooting In Armenian Parliament Still Echoes"
827:
30:
2762:"Human Rights and Human Development Action for Progress Armenia 2000"
1298:"Armenian commemorating victims of act of terrorism October 27, 1999"
513:
which threatens people's stability, creative work and peaceful life."
444:
210:
2300:
2528:
1740:
986:"Divining The True Motives Of The Calm Killers Of Vazgen Sarkisian"
465:: The Armenian embassy in Paris received telegrams from President
120:, Karen Hunanyan, Vram Galstyan, Derenik Ejanyan, Eduard Grigoryan
1967:"Armenian Officials Deny Russian Role In 1999 Parliament Carnage"
591:
247:
held in May of that year and had practically sidelined President
218:
49:
2710:"Armenia: Mystery Still Surrounds Armenian Parliament Slaughter"
2266:"Armenia: Parliament Massacre Still A Mystery Three Years Later"
2209:
1859:"Armenia: Investigators Continue Inquiry Into Parliament Attack"
1833:"Prosecutor Says Oct. 27 Terrorism Was Guided By Unknown Forces"
746:
In late April 2005, in an interview to an Azerbaijani newspaper
2473:
2447:
2238:
2049:
786:
524:
462:
406:
682:
35:
A 2000 postal card depicting the eight victims of the shooting
2680:
2678:
546:
291:
2362:
1700:
1698:
1696:
2823:
Thousands mourn victims of Armenian parliament shooting CNN
2791:"October 27: Memorial is installed, victims are remembered"
760:
General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
484:
409:, the Catholicos of the Holy See of Cilicia, gave prayers.
2675:
1528:
658:
Alleged involvement of Robert Kocharyan and Serzh Sargsyan
2366:
The UK & Russia — A Troubled Relationship Part I
1693:
1641:"Public Says Oct. 27 Events Is A Crime Against Statehood"
1415:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1017:
351:
The gunmen injured at least 30 people in the parliament.
91:
70:
2329:. 3 May 2005. Archived from the original on 6 April 2010
2205:
2203:
2201:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1412:"Armenia's prime minister killed in parliament shooting"
808:
774:
by people against the democratic reforms in Russia. The
691:, National Security Minister at the time of the shooting
243:. Their reform-minded coalition had won a majority in a
881:
came to replace him as prime minister on May 12, 2000.
797:
in order to bring the "Neo-Bolshevik criminal clan" of
221:
on 27 October 1999 by a group of five armed men led by
2589:
2587:
2585:
2210:
Martirosian, Anush; Meloyan, Ruben (28 October 2009).
1391:"Gunmen Take Over Armenian Parliament; Premier Killed"
1163:
229:
decision-makers in the country's political leadership—
204:
2198:
1724:
1092:
Coalson, Robert; Tamrazian, Harry (27 October 2009).
1429:
Aivakian, Gagik; Tatevosian, Ara (29 October 1999).
2828:
Interior Minister resigns after parliament shooting
2654:"The Political System of Armenia: Form and Content"
2582:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1186:"Prime Minister and Others Slain in Armenian Siege"
828:
Disclaimer of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation
2557:
2100:
1878:
1876:
1428:
1263:
1261:
852:described the aftermath of the attack as follows:
451:condemned the assassination of the high officials.
1994:. New York: Human Rights Watch. 2009. p. 8.
1061:
1059:
927:, the son of one of the two most senior victims,
726:In March 2013, Vazgen Sargsyan's younger brother
2839:
2347:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1785:"Statement of Vice President Al Gore on Armenia"
1606:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1308:
1091:
2833:Armenian Shootings May Provoke Political Crisis
2146:. New York: New York University Press. p.
1873:
1763:"U.S. appalled by Armenia parliament shootings"
1406:
1404:
1258:
793:. He insisted the shooting was assisted by the
294:rifles hidden under long coats, broke into the
2597:. Taylor & Francis. 2002. pp. 79–80.
2493:
2491:
1340:"Armenian prime minister killed in 'coup bid'"
1102:The brazen act of political terrorism ...
1056:
820:, the former Minister of Internal Affairs and
741:
2595:Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia: 2003
2212:"Armenia Marks Parliament Attack Anniversary"
1960:
1958:
1956:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1431:"Murder In The Parliament – The Consequences"
1352:
2517:
1607:Manoogian Simone, Louise (1 November 1999).
1401:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1043:
1041:
1039:
2702:
2552:
2488:
2299:(in Russian). 29 April 2005. Archived from
2258:
2071:
2042:
1953:
1882:
1807:"House Votes to Condemn Parliament Attack"
1671:"Assassination of Armenian Prime Minister"
1500:. Transaction Publishers. pp. 59–60.
1495:
1484:
1447:
1365:"Hostage stand-off in Armenian parliament"
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
750:, the former Russian secret service agent
599:
2651:
2617:
2297:Реальный Азербайджан (Realniy Azerbaijan)
1964:
1706:"International Figures Offer Condolences"
1388:
1371:
1273:"3 Charged in Armenia Parliament Seizure"
1227:
1113:
1036:
983:
897:) having more support than him. In 2009,
2022:. Oxford University Press. p. 128.
1215:"Gunmen Kill Premier in Armenian Attack"
269:
2618:Ugurlayan, Anahid M. (5 January 2001).
2134:
2014:
1737:"World leaders condemn Armenia killing"
1675:Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs
1582:
1337:
1196:
676:, President at the time of the shooting
424:National Academy of Sciences of Armenia
2840:
2422:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia
2098:
2092:
1887:. Transaction Publishers. p. 58.
1665:
1047:
631:
367:
282:, was the main target of the shooting.
2938:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1999
2380:(published 22 May 2007). p. 10.
2378:Defence Academy of the United Kingdom
1468:
1448:Magdashian, Petya (27 October 1999).
1435:Institute for War and Peace Reporting
1267:
1209:
1180:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
990:Institute for War and Peace Reporting
918:
809:Other foreign involvement allegations
128:After the occupation of the building:
2107:. New York: Facts On File. pp.
2043:Harutyunyan, Tatev (16 April 2013).
1114:Ovanisyan, Lilit (27 October 2011).
816:, one of the leading members of the
772:relations between Armenia and Russia
2933:Terrorist incidents in Asia in 1999
2903:20th-century mass murder in Armenia
2754:
1389:Demourian, Avet (27 October 1999).
1240:"Key Armenian leaders assassinated"
1067:"Parliament Gunmen Jailed for Life"
1048:Mulvey, Stephen (28 October 1999).
984:Grigorian, Mark (29 October 1999).
372:Soon after the attack, hundreds of
225:that, among others, killed the two
13:
1791:. October 27, 1999. Archived from
1338:Jeffery, Simon (27 October 1999).
999:
776:Armenian National Security Service
644:Former U.S. ambassador to Armenia
323:, Deputy National Assembly Speaker
317:, Deputy National Assembly Speaker
14:
2954:
2943:Attacks on legislatures in Europe
2816:
2797:. 27 October 2009. Archived from
1965:Stepanian, Ruzanna (4 May 2005).
1542:. 5 November 1999. Archived from
1020:. 27 October 1999. Archived from
834:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
183:1999 Armenian parliament shooting
2374:Conflict Studies Research Centre
681:
666:
575:
561:
539:
517:
495:
477:
455:
437:
430:
157:
144:
131:
29:
16:1999 terrorist attack in Armenia
2883:Attacks on legislatures in Asia
2783:
2728:
2714:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2645:
2611:
2546:
2462:
2436:
2410:
2356:
2315:
2295:[List of FSB killers].
2283:
2246:from the original on 2021-11-15
2226:
2167:
2128:
2078:Lessons From the Edge: A Memoir
2065:
2036:
2008:
1984:
1971:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1927:
1909:"October 27 Case Sent to Court"
1901:
1851:
1825:
1799:
1789:clintonwhitehouse6.archives.gov
1777:
1755:
1659:
1633:
1600:
1568:
1550:
1514:
1462:
1441:
1422:
1331:
1290:
1098:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1050:"Killers lacked coherent goals"
958:
941:List of attacks on legislatures
702:and National Security Minister
651:Lessons From the Edge: A Memoir
213: attack on the Armenian
185:, commonly known in Armenia as
2928:Terrorist incidents in Armenia
2686:The Europa World yearbook 2004
2525:"Analysts baffled by shooting"
1576:"In pictures: Armenia's grief"
1138:
1107:
1085:
977:
1:
2918:October 1999 events in Europe
2242:(in Armenian). 5 March 2013.
2183:. No. 396. December 2006
2020:The Caucasus: An Introduction
946:
848:Armenian-American journalist
756:Main Intelligence Directorate
305:, Prime Minister (the target)
2893:Deaths by firearm in Armenia
2848:Armenian parliament shooting
2564:. New York: Harper. p.
1578:. BBC News. 30 October 1999.
1524:. BBC News. 1 November 1999.
1367:. BBC News. 27 October 1999.
843:
607:Public Television of Armenia
329:, Minister of Urgent Affairs
24:Armenian parliament shooting
7:
2913:October 1999 events in Asia
2624:Loyola Marymount University
1883:Karatnycky, Adrian (2001).
1496:Karatnycky, Adrian (2001).
934:
742:Alleged Russian involvement
447:: Foreign Affairs Minister
412:
403:Catholicos of All Armenians
311:, National Assembly Speaker
205:
175:(according to perpetrators)
10:
2959:
2888:Attempted coups in Armenia
2661:Caucasus Analytical Digest
1474:"Assassination in Armenia"
1146:"National Hero of Armenia"
869:Aram Khachatryan from the
768:Russian embassy in Armenia
721:Armenian National Congress
716:2008 presidential election
710:Armenia's first president
382:armored personnel carriers
296:National Assembly Building
278:, formerly an influential
251:from the political scene.
60:October 27, 1999
45:National Assembly Building
2908:Mass shootings in Armenia
2652:Petrosyan, David (2010).
2268:. RFE/RL. 28 October 2002
2099:Kaeter, Margaret (2004).
1935:"October 27 Trial Begins"
1861:. RFE/RL. 9 December 1999
871:People's Party of Armenia
764:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
417:
265:
194:
166:
124:
113:
105:
97:
87:
77:
56:
40:
28:
23:
2853:1990s murders in Armenia
2769:Human Development Report
2291:
1522:"Armenia gunmen charged"
1244:The Jamestown Foundation
908:Human Development Report
260:National Hero of Armenia
2873:20th century in Yerevan
2103:The Caucasian republics
1455:San Francisco Chronicle
795:Russian secret services
600:Investigation and trial
2868:1999 murders in Europe
2858:1999 crimes in Armenia
1765:. CNN. 27 October 1999
1450:"Terror in parliament"
859:
347:, Member of Parliament
341:, Member of Parliament
335:, Member of Parliament
283:
245:parliamentary election
137:Minister of Interior (
101:8 (including Sargsyan)
2554:Hovannisian, Garin K.
854:
395:Yerevan Opera Theater
273:
2353:( at Freezepage.com)
2180:New Internationalist
1609:"Tragedy in Armenia"
752:Alexander Litvinenko
557:offered condolences.
510:Nursultan Nazarbayev
2923:Politics of Armenia
2898:Mass murder in 1999
2397:on 1 September 2008
2292:Список киллеров ФСБ
1795:on 5 December 2021.
1669:(28 October 1999).
1536:"Armenia in Crisis"
1472:(31 October 1999).
1271:(29 October 1999).
1213:(28 October 1999).
1184:(28 October 1999).
1014:"Attack in Armenia"
895:Levon Ter-Petrosyan
822:Levon Ter-Petrosyan
712:Levon Ter-Petrosyan
632:Conspiracy theories
555:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
368:Government response
280:Minister of Defense
256:conspiracy theories
206:Hoktemberi k'sanyot
2878:Attacks in Armenia
2801:on 26 October 2019
2303:on 4 November 2005
2175:"Robert Kocharian"
2136:Zürcher, Christoph
2073:Yovanovitch, Marie
1941:. 15 February 2001
1813:. 18 November 1999
1614:AGBU News Magazine
1596:. 1 November 1999.
1564:. 28 October 1999.
1418:. 27 October 1999.
1327:. 27 October 1999.
1304:. 27 October 2003.
919:Later developments
891:Artashes Geghamyan
879:Andranik Margaryan
818:Karabakh Committee
748:Realniy Azerbaijan
380:personnel and two
339:Armenak Armenakyan
284:
238:Parliament Speaker
217:in the capital of
150:Defense Ministry (
2742:. 27 October 2009
2716:. 27 October 2000
2695:978-1-85743-254-1
2628:Loyola Law School
2604:978-1-85743-137-7
2575:978-0-06-179208-3
2531:. 27 October 1999
2505:. 18 October 2000
2450:. 27 October 2012
2387:978-1-905962-15-0
2157:978-0-8147-9709-9
2118:978-0-8160-5268-4
2029:978-0-19-974620-0
2001:978-1-56432-444-3
1894:978-1-4128-5008-7
1839:. 30 October 2000
1743:. 27 October 1999
1712:. 2 November 1999
1667:Downer, Alexander
1647:. 3 November 1999
1621:on 2 October 2013
1507:978-1-4128-5008-7
1246:. 28 October 1999
1220:Los Angeles Times
1073:. 2 December 2003
1024:on 2 October 2013
925:Stepan Demirchyan
913:human development
887:Stepan Demirchyan
850:Garin Hovannisian
838:Ashot Manucharyan
814:Ashot Manucharyan
646:Marie Yovanovitch
487:: Vice President
469:, Prime Minister
333:Henrik Abrahamyan
327:Leonard Petrosyan
292:Kalashnikov AK-47
215:National Assembly
203:
179:
178:
2950:
2863:1999 in politics
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2658:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2591:
2580:
2579:
2563:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2396:
2390:. Archived from
2371:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2207:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2145:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2106:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1733:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1702:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1677:. Archived from
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1617:. Archived from
1604:
1598:
1597:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1493:
1482:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1395:Associated Press
1386:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1350:
1349:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1317:
1306:
1305:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1265:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1225:
1224:
1207:
1194:
1193:
1178:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1122:. Archived from
1111:
1105:
1104:
1089:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1010:
997:
996:
981:
965:
962:
929:Karen Demirchyan
899:Anahit Bakhshyan
803:Robert Kocharyan
780:Robert Kocharyan
700:Robert Kocharyan
685:
674:Robert Kocharyan
670:
622:Aghvan Hovsepyan
581:
579:
578:
567:
565:
564:
545:
543:
542:
523:
521:
520:
501:
499:
498:
483:
481:
480:
473:and many others.
461:
459:
458:
449:Alexander Downer
443:
441:
440:
345:Mikayel Kotanyan
309:Karen Demirchyan
249:Robert Kocharyan
241:Karen Demirchyan
208:
198:
196:
162:
161:
160:
149:
148:
147:
136:
135:
134:
67:
65:
33:
21:
20:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2838:
2837:
2819:
2814:
2804:
2802:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2740:PanARMENIAN.Net
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2633:
2631:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2583:
2576:
2551:
2547:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2503:PanARMENIAN.Net
2497:
2496:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2472:(in Armenian).
2468:
2467:
2463:
2453:
2451:
2446:(in Armenian).
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2388:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2208:
2199:
2186:
2184:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2097:
2093:
2085:. p. 197.
2070:
2066:
2056:
2054:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2016:de Waal, Thomas
2013:
2009:
2002:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1963:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1881:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1681:on 4 March 2016
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1605:
1601:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1494:
1485:
1467:
1463:
1446:
1442:
1427:
1423:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1387:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1336:
1332:
1319:
1318:
1309:
1302:PanARMENIAN.Net
1296:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1266:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1228:
1208:
1197:
1179:
1164:
1155:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1127:
1126:on 25 June 2015
1112:
1108:
1090:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1057:
1046:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1000:
982:
978:
969:
968:
963:
959:
949:
937:
921:
846:
830:
811:
744:
696:
695:
694:
693:
692:
686:
678:
677:
671:
660:
634:
602:
595:assassinations.
576:
574:
562:
560:
540:
538:
518:
516:
496:
494:
478:
476:
456:
454:
438:
436:
433:
420:
415:
370:
303:Vazgen Sargsyan
276:Vazgen Sargsyan
274:Prime Minister
268:
234:Vazgen Sargsyan
158:
156:
155:
145:
143:
142:
132:
130:
129:
82:Vazgen Sargsyan
68:
63:
61:
48:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2956:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2817:External links
2815:
2813:
2812:
2782:
2753:
2727:
2701:
2694:
2674:
2644:
2610:
2603:
2581:
2574:
2545:
2516:
2487:
2461:
2435:
2409:
2386:
2355:
2314:
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2197:
2166:
2156:
2127:
2117:
2091:
2064:
2035:
2028:
2007:
2000:
1983:
1952:
1926:
1915:. 12 July 2000
1900:
1893:
1872:
1850:
1824:
1798:
1776:
1754:
1723:
1692:
1658:
1632:
1599:
1581:
1567:
1549:
1546:on 2000-01-27.
1527:
1513:
1506:
1483:
1478:New York Times
1470:Wines, Michael
1461:
1440:
1421:
1400:
1370:
1351:
1330:
1307:
1289:
1277:New York Times
1269:Wines, Michael
1257:
1226:
1195:
1190:New York Times
1182:Wines, Michael
1162:
1137:
1120:Caucasian Knot
1106:
1084:
1055:
1035:
998:
975:
974:
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967:
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842:
829:
826:
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807:
799:Serzh Sargsyan
791:Serzh Sargsyan
743:
740:
735:Albert Bazeyan
704:Serzh Sargsyan
689:Serzh Sargsyan
687:
680:
679:
672:
665:
664:
663:
662:
661:
659:
656:
633:
630:
626:Nairi Hunanyan
601:
598:
597:
596:
572:
569:United Kingdom
558:
536:
514:
492:
474:
467:Jacques Chirac
452:
432:
429:
419:
416:
414:
411:
369:
366:
349:
348:
342:
336:
330:
324:
318:
315:Yuri Bakhshyan
312:
306:
288:Nairi Hunanyan
267:
264:
231:Prime Minister
223:Nairi Hunanyan
177:
176:
168:
164:
163:
126:
122:
121:
118:Nairi Hunanyan
115:
111:
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3:
2:
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2921:
2919:
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2911:
2909:
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2901:
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2800:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2770:
2763:
2757:
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2715:
2711:
2705:
2697:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2630:. p. 430
2629:
2625:
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2596:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2542:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2424:. 12 May 2005
2423:
2419:
2413:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2367:
2359:
2350:
2344:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2279:
2267:
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2245:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2170:
2163:
2159:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2095:
2088:
2084:
2083:Mariner Books
2080:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2053:(in Armenian)
2052:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1987:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1940:
1936:
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1914:
1910:
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