468:
33:
541:
may persist for two to 15 years, and germination rates from such tubers may be as high as 70%. Attempting to dig up the subterranean tubers, which for a mature plant can be extensive, is similarly fraught. The subterranean tubers fragment readily when disturbed, and any remaining tuber material can give rise to a new plant. The subterranean tubers can survive for between five and ten years. It can spread at ground level, as a rhizome, and vine stems can form roots at any leaf node in contact with soil, which in turn can produce new subterranean tubers. Stem cuttings and detached succulent leaves, even if just lying atop soil or moist leaf litter, can result in new plants.
545:
380:
529:
249:
241:
560:; otherwise, the compost produced can be a source of new infestations. Disposal of plant material, in a manner that does not risk new infestations, can be by burning it, or by completely rotting the plant material, over an extended period, in closed lightproof bins with the plant material totally submerged in water, or by storing it in black-coloured weed bags in a sunny place, for at least 12 months until completely rotted. Even after such disposal treatment, prudently, any residue should go to
46:
370:
Despite its potential to be an invasive species in warmer areas of the mainland United States, it was still being sold there as a garden plant, in 2023. It is also sold as a garden plant in the United
Kingdom, although due to the climate it is possibly less likely to become an invasive species there.
567:
Control activities may initially make the infestation worse, and control ultimately depends on the control measures being followed up regularly over a period of time. "Scrape and paint" control can be used effectively, at any time of year, but foliar spraying is best done during the period of active
540:
Pulling down mature vines from trees is generally counter-productive, because the aerial tubers are readily detached and fall to the ground. If it is necessary to do this for any reason, a tarpaulin or similar sheeting should be laid on the ground to capture falling aerial tubers. The aerial tubers
475:
Madeira vine can climb 40 m into the tree canopy, smothering and collapsing mature trees. The vine grows prolifically; in plentiful sunlight, it can grow up to one metre in a week. It is also capable of surviving in low light conditions, including under an intact canopy, as a small plant, awaiting
524:
Cutting off vine stems near the ground is generally ineffective as a control measure; the severed upper portion can remain alive in a tree canopy, for up to two years—during which time it will continue to drop aerial tubers—and the plant readily re-establishes new vine stems from its subterranean
476:
its opportunity to grow long stems once better conditions arise. Outside its original range, it can survive conditions such as drought and frost, even snow, and can re-establish itself using the energy stored as carbohydrates in aerial tubers and subterranean tubers.
316:
It is native to
Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina in South America. It has been introduced to Africa, the Australasia–Pacific region, southern Europe, and North America; it is considered an invasive species in many tropical and sub-tropical localities.
525:
tubers. Success has been achieved in killing the severed upper portion, including the aerial tubers, using a "cut and feed" approach that involves placing the upper cut end into a cup containing 5% glyphosate solution for a period of up to two months.
224:. The combination of fleshy leaves and thick aerial tubers makes this a very heavy vine. It smothers trees and other vegetation it grows on and can easily break branches and bring down entire trees on its own. Other names include
293:
can reproduce through the proliferation of tubers and also from rhizome fragments that may be broken off. Although this species has both male and female flowers they rarely reproduce sexually and produce
632:
Bailey, L. H., Bailey, E. Z., and the staff of the
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. Macmillan, New York.
1003:
267:. It has bright green, heart-shaped, fleshy shiny leaves 4–13 centimetres (1.6–5.1 in) long. Wart-like tubers are produced on aerial stems and are a key to identifying the plant.
320:
In East Africa, the plant is present as an invasive species, in parts of Kenya and Uganda, and it is known to be present in
Tanzania. It is also an invasive species in South Africa.
1035:
487:', by growing into and over trees, and be accompanied by an under-storey of younger vines and numerous seeding-like plants growing from tubers that have dropped from the main vine.
1234:
323:
As an invasive species in
Australia, it presents a significant problem in tropical and subtropical regions of Queensland and New South Wales, including Sydney and south to the
788:
331:, in both states. It has also become naturalised, as small but expanding infestations, in Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia. It is also present on
308:
Seedlings were found well away from habitation, roads and streams in
Australia from 1988 onward, leading to the conclusion that the species produces seeds there.
552:
As it can survive for lengthy periods in a state of dormancy and propagate in multiple ways, it is vital that no part of this invasive plant be included in '
498:
published a Draft
Madeira Vine Strategy in August 2012, which is aimed at preventing the spread and reducing the impacts of this vine throughout Australia.
729:
1536:
1010:
467:
32:
2015:
1738:
1614:
1385:
1202:
2010:
1039:
1632:
517:. Follow-up three times a year or more is required. Controlling Madeira vine requires exhaustion of the tuber bank. Foliar spraying of
1712:
395:
and garlic, and can be used in soups. The leaves and the stems can be eaten raw as well as boiled. Its rhizomes are also edible. The
1867:
1471:
605:
170:
795:
1985:
1880:
1562:
1497:
1650:
1580:
1344:
1567:
1691:
305:
by human activities. If fragments end up in waterways, they may be readily transported to new locations in this manner.
1854:
1380:
1089:
658:
596:
282:, which may be up to 30 cm (12 in) in length. The plant spreads via the tubers, which detach very easily.
1769:
1484:
1619:
1061:
1893:
1523:
1349:
673:
1764:
1655:
1196:
1921:
2000:
1730:
1601:
1302:
1463:
1437:
1131:
1106:
575:, native to South America, which feeds on the leaves of the vine, was introduced in 2011, as an attempted
1828:
1549:
1359:
1331:
1157:"The release of Plectonycha correntina, a leaf feeding beetle for the biological control of Madeira vine"
871:. United States Geological Survey--Biological Resources Division, Haleakala Field Station, Maui, Hawai'i.
509:
Mature vines are controlled using the "scrape and paint" method, where the bark is scraped to expose the
244:
Vine trailing on fence with its tail-like flowers, which give rise to its alternative name, 'lamb's tail'
1885:
1916:
1725:
953:
495:
491:
1502:
687:
501:
In its native range, the foliage is consumed by beetles, which are not present in its invasive range.
1908:
1642:
1575:
1450:
882:
45:
1228:
2005:
1995:
1980:
1593:
1206:
865:
1717:
1458:
576:
1541:
1432:
1264:
822:
149:
1681:
344:
1970:
1393:
1237:
Medicinal Plant Images
Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University)
651:
Winning the war of Weeds: The
Essential Gardener's Guide to Weed Identification and Control
8:
1156:
930:
1424:
1313:
906:
840:
544:
1942:
1777:
1704:
1445:
178:
40:
965:
1841:
1743:
1676:
1367:
1188:
654:
1947:
1782:
1372:
484:
352:
336:
217:
1846:
1489:
379:
1975:
1833:
1820:
1809:
1663:
1336:
1323:
985:
83:
1606:
548:
Photograph showing subterranean tuber and young plant growing from it (on left).
528:
521:
360g/L at 1% concentration can manage prostrate growth and newly emerged vines.
301:
This species often spreads through its own vegetative growth, but can easily be
248:
1990:
1699:
399:
are inedible but have been used medicinally to reduce inflammation, ameliorate
340:
332:
166:
106:
70:
1252:
1246:
1009:. Commonwealth of Australia and the Australian Weeds Committee. Archived from
753:
339:. In New Zealand, it occurs on the North Island, from North Auckland south to
1964:
1859:
1287:
432:
412:
275:
1554:
1166:. Biosecurity Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry.
674:
Madeira vine, lamb’s tail, potato vine
Anredera cordifolia, Fam. Basellaceae
240:
459:
in pigs and sheep. Its effects on other livestock are not well researched.
328:
1934:
1756:
1668:
1588:
1510:
1296:
1182:
1155:
Snow, Elizabeth L.; Palmer, William A.; Senaratne, K.A.D. Wilmot (2012).
841:"RNZIH - Horticulture Pages - Weeds - Anredera cordifolia - Madeira vine"
553:
302:
221:
116:
1872:
1476:
1004:"Consultation draft – National Madeira Vine Strategic Plan August 2012"
518:
428:
424:
392:
348:
1205:. Brisbane Rainforest Action & Information Network. Archived from
1515:
1419:
1406:
1247:
How to remove a mature Madiera Vine infestation (Anredera cordifolia)
514:
416:
388:
324:
260:
1258:
1929:
1803:
1751:
1627:
1281:
561:
480:
456:
444:
271:
270:
From late summer to autumn, it produces masses of small, fragrant (
126:
96:
1898:
1411:
609:
1528:
557:
510:
440:
420:
279:
264:
213:
1398:
396:
359:
568:
growth. This period will depend on the climate of the region.
483:. A mature vine can produce its own dense, shade-producing '
400:
371:
Singapore also seems to treat the species as a garden plant.
252:
In a woodland, showing the characteristic heart-shaped leaves
57:
676:
CENTRAL QLD COAST LANDCARE NETWORK. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
436:
295:
864:
Starr, Forest; Starr, Kim; Loope, Lloyd (January 2003).
1253:
Invasive Species 101 Madeira Vine (Anredera cordifolia)
1164:
Proceedings of Eighteenth Australasian Weeds Conference
755:
Invasive Species 101 Madeira Vine Anredera cordifolia
1154:
387:The leaves of the Madeira vine can be cooked as a
1107:"Madeira vine – nasty nodules and vicious vines!"
990:NSW Weedwise - NSW Department of Primary Industry
866:"Anredera cordifolia, Madeira vine, Bassellaceae"
1962:
1036:"Weed Identification – Australia – Madeira Vine"
730:"Factsheet - Anredera cordifolia (Madeira Vine)"
863:
883:"Boussingaultia [Anredera] cordifolia"
653:. Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press. p. 53.
1189:Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
494:, which limits its cultivation and sale. The
358:It has naturalised on most of the islands of
1090:"Hunter Region Priority Weed - Madiera vine"
1249:- video from Pittwater Ecowarriors (Sydney)
1195:Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).
954:Madeira Vine, Lamb's Tail, Mignonette Vine
31:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
685:
644:
642:
640:
638:
423:, in addition to having small amounts of
362:, where it is classed as a noxious weed.
1180:
606:Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
543:
527:
466:
378:
247:
239:
794:. Australian Government. Archived from
479:Partly salt-tolerant, it can grow over
1963:
768:
688:"Seedling production by Madeira vine (
635:
455:Eating the leaves can cause temporary
2016:Invasive plant species in New Zealand
1263:
1262:
1084:
1082:
980:
978:
789:"Weed Management Guide: Madeira Vine"
648:
589:
564:, not into green waste or into soil.
1909:de2ad856-797b-4388-922c-73a289586c87
1770:87fd7364-4d39-446c-a2e3-529c0cbeff83
1643:b63a8fbf-7765-4bf3-a1d6-45dad289b7ab
1062:"Small beetle could be big solution"
986:"Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia)"
817:
815:
724:
722:
720:
595:
2011:Invasive plant species in Australia
571:In Australia, a species of beetle,
13:
1235:Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis
1174:
1079:
975:
14:
2027:
1222:
1038:. Weeds Australia. Archived from
812:
717:
383:Leaves collected for culinary use
1922:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:164574-1
490:It is listed on the New Zealand
44:
1731:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:14549-2
1148:
1124:
1099:
1054:
1028:
996:
959:
947:
923:
899:
875:
857:
833:
462:
365:
285:
263:climber that grows from fleshy
1986:Garden plants of South America
931:"NParks | Anredera cordifolia"
746:
679:
667:
626:
536:Some are sprouting new plants.
351:near Christchurch, and in the
235:
1:
582:
220:succulent vine of the family
1231:Plants For A Future database
406:
391:by frying with olive oil or
7:
187:Boussingaultia basselloides
10:
2032:
699:Plant Protection Quarterly
579:. The effect was limited.
504:
496:Australian Weeds Committee
492:National Pest Plant Accord
450:
443:. The leaves also contain
1795:Boussingaultia cordifolia
1793:
1271:
1255:- video from South Africa
1184:Gardening for the Million
827:Helensburgh Lancare Group
686:Swarbrick, J. T. (1999).
347:, on the South Island in
327:. It has been declared a
191:Boussingaultia cordifolia
184:
177:
155:
148:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1132:"Weed Information Sheet"
311:
204:, commonly known as the
887:www.glasshouseworks.com
649:Wolff, Mark A. (1999).
513:layer and painted with
411:The leaves are rich in
374:
1203:"Weeds – Madeira Vine"
972:World Vegetable Center
573:Plectonycha correntina
549:
537:
472:
403:and assist the liver.
384:
253:
245:
212:, is a South American
907:"Anredera cordifolia"
734:keys.lucidcentral.org
547:
531:
470:
382:
278:flowers on dependent
251:
243:
2001:Perennial vegetables
534:Anredera cordifolia.
1633:Anredera~cordifolia
1451:Anredera cordifolia
1386:Anredera_cordifolia
1350:Anredera_cordifolia
1303:Anredera cordifolia
1273:Anredera cordifolia
1229:Anredera cordifolia
1197:Anredera cordifolia
1111:Pest Free Kaipatiki
968:Anredera cordifolia
690:Anredera cordifolia
291:Anredera cordifolia
257:Anredera cordifolia
201:Anredera cordifolia
159:Anredera cordifolia
25:Anredera cordifolia
1042:on 19 January 2013
577:biological control
550:
538:
473:
385:
254:
246:
141:A. cordifolia
1958:
1957:
1677:Open Tree of Life
1265:Taxon identifiers
1209:on 23 August 2006
1181:Pink, A. (2004).
1095:. NSW Government.
956:Green Deane, LLC.
935:www.nparks.gov.sg
556:' collections or
532:Aerial tubers of
471:Infesting a swamp
197:
196:
2023:
1951:
1950:
1938:
1937:
1925:
1924:
1912:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1889:
1888:
1876:
1875:
1863:
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1850:
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1837:
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1786:
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1760:
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1747:
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1734:
1733:
1721:
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1708:
1707:
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1684:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1623:
1622:
1610:
1609:
1607:NHMSYS0000455948
1597:
1596:
1584:
1583:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1545:
1544:
1532:
1531:
1519:
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1506:
1505:
1493:
1492:
1480:
1479:
1467:
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1454:
1453:
1441:
1440:
1428:
1427:
1415:
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1402:
1401:
1389:
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1375:
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1340:
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1327:
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1128:
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1103:
1097:
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993:
982:
973:
963:
957:
951:
945:
944:
942:
941:
927:
921:
920:
918:
917:
911:shrublands.co.uk
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
879:
873:
872:
870:
861:
855:
854:
852:
851:
845:www.rnzih.org.nz
837:
831:
830:
819:
810:
809:
807:
806:
800:
793:
785:
766:
765:
764:
763:
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744:
743:
741:
740:
726:
715:
714:
712:
710:
696:
683:
677:
671:
665:
664:
646:
633:
630:
624:
623:
621:
620:
614:
608:. Archived from
603:
593:
353:Kermadec Islands
337:Lord Howe Island
325:Illawarra region
161:
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2020:
2006:Root vegetables
1996:Leaf vegetables
1981:Flora of Brazil
1961:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1892:
1884:
1879:
1871:
1866:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1832:
1827:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1664:Observation.org
1662:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1618:
1613:
1605:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1553:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1527:
1522:
1514:
1509:
1501:
1496:
1488:
1483:
1475:
1470:
1462:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1423:
1418:
1410:
1405:
1397:
1392:
1384:
1379:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1348:
1343:
1335:
1330:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1267:
1241:
1238:
1225:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1177:
1175:Further reading
1172:
1171:
1159:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1006:
1002:
1001:
997:
984:
983:
976:
964:
960:
952:
948:
939:
937:
929:
928:
924:
915:
913:
905:
904:
900:
891:
889:
881:
880:
876:
868:
862:
858:
849:
847:
839:
838:
834:
821:
820:
813:
804:
802:
798:
791:
787:
786:
769:
761:
759:
758:, 16 March 2020
752:
751:
747:
738:
736:
728:
727:
718:
708:
706:
694:
684:
680:
672:
668:
661:
647:
636:
631:
627:
618:
616:
612:
601:
594:
590:
585:
562:landfill burial
507:
465:
453:
409:
377:
368:
314:
288:
238:
210:mignonette vine
189:
173:
163:
157:
144:
43:
17:
16:Species of vine
12:
11:
5:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:wfo-0000826036
1939:
1926:
1913:
1903:
1890:
1877:
1864:
1851:
1838:
1825:
1815:
1799:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1783:wfo-0000822997
1774:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1686:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1637:
1624:
1611:
1598:
1585:
1572:
1559:
1546:
1533:
1520:
1507:
1494:
1481:
1468:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1354:
1341:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1293:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1257:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1232:
1224:
1223:External links
1221:
1220:
1219:
1199:
1193:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1147:
1123:
1098:
1078:
1053:
1027:
1016:on 17 May 2014
995:
974:
966:Madeira vine (
958:
946:
922:
898:
874:
856:
832:
823:"Madiera Vine"
811:
767:
745:
716:
678:
666:
659:
634:
625:
598:BSBI List 2007
587:
586:
584:
581:
506:
503:
464:
461:
452:
449:
408:
405:
376:
373:
367:
364:
333:Norfolk Island
313:
310:
287:
284:
276:cream-coloured
237:
234:
195:
194:
182:
181:
175:
174:
164:
153:
152:
146:
145:
138:
136:
132:
131:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
107:Caryophyllales
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1091:
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846:
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836:
828:
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801:on 2016-03-26
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682:
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660:0-86417-993-6
656:
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645:
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629:
615:on 2015-06-26
611:
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469:
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458:
448:
446:
442:
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433:ascorbic acid
430:
426:
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418:
414:
413:beta-carotene
404:
402:
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150:Binomial name
147:
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71:Tracheophytes
69:
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52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1794:
1272:
1242:(in English)
1239:(in Chinese)
1211:. Retrieved
1207:the original
1183:
1163:
1150:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1113:. 2022-02-17
1110:
1101:
1070:. Retrieved
1068:. 2011-11-21
1065:
1056:
1044:. Retrieved
1040:the original
1030:
1018:. Retrieved
1011:the original
998:
989:
967:
961:
949:
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934:
925:
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901:
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886:
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859:
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803:. Retrieved
796:the original
760:, retrieved
754:
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707:. Retrieved
702:
698:
689:
681:
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650:
628:
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610:the original
597:
591:
572:
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523:
508:
500:
489:
478:
474:
463:Invasiveness
454:
410:
386:
369:
366:Garden plant
357:
329:noxious weed
322:
319:
315:
307:
300:
290:
289:
286:Reproduction
269:
256:
255:
229:
225:
209:
206:Madeira vine
205:
200:
199:
198:
190:
186:
185:
158:
156:
140:
139:
127:
90:
77:
64:
24:
18:
1971:Basellaceae
1589:NatureServe
1511:iNaturalist
1297:Wikispecies
1213:19 November
1136:Weedbusters
1066:Farm Online
1046:29 November
1020:19 November
554:green waste
303:transported
236:Description
230:potato vine
226:lamb's tail
222:Basellaceae
117:Basellaceae
84:Angiosperms
1965:Categories
1705:kew-360634
1700:Plant List
1357:Calflora:
1141:2023-06-16
1117:2023-06-16
1072:2023-05-26
940:2023-06-16
916:2023-05-22
892:2023-05-22
850:2023-05-21
805:2015-01-27
762:2023-05-22
739:2023-05-21
705:(1): 38–39
619:2014-10-17
583:References
519:glyphosate
429:folic acid
425:riboflavin
393:sesame oil
349:Port Hills
341:Hawkes Bay
218:ornamental
1810:Q38527219
1464:242303491
1438:242303491
1420:FloraBase
558:composted
515:herbicide
481:mangroves
417:vitamin E
407:Nutrients
389:vegetable
261:evergreen
135:Species:
54:Kingdom:
1930:Tropicos
1899:164574-1
1804:Wikidata
1765:VicFlora
1752:Tropicos
1628:NSWFlora
1594:2.139034
1542:10196223
1381:eFloraSA
1282:Wikidata
709:10 March
457:diarrhea
445:mucilage
345:Manawatu
343:and the
274:-like),
272:cardamom
265:rhizomes
179:Synonyms
128:Anredera
113:Family:
97:Eudicots
1935:3200044
1873:4160774
1757:3200042
1576:MoBotPF
1529:14549-2
1477:3083508
1288:Q848254
511:cambium
505:Control
451:Hazards
441:protein
421:calcium
397:bulbils
280:racemes
214:species
171:Steenis
123:Genus:
103:Order:
58:Plantae
1976:Tubers
1906:NZOR:
1886:410599
1860:161664
1818:APDB:
1713:PLANTS
1682:358752
1669:114511
1640:NZOR:
1581:277730
1568:181920
1555:112290
1399:597125
1321:APDB:
1311:AoFP:
657:
485:canopy
401:ulcers
360:Hawaii
259:is an
1991:Vines
1855:EUNIS
1834:63367
1821:23822
1744:787-2
1739:SANBI
1718:ANCO6
1689:PFI:
1651:NZPCN
1620:46150
1537:IRMNG
1516:75457
1446:FoAO2
1425:17455
1412:BOGCO
1373:679VM
1337:94061
1324:23817
1160:(PDF)
1093:(PDF)
1014:(PDF)
1007:(PDF)
869:(PDF)
799:(PDF)
792:(PDF)
695:(PDF)
613:(xls)
602:(xls)
312:Range
91:Clade
78:Clade
65:Clade
1917:POWO
1894:IPNI
1881:GRIN
1868:GBIF
1847:MRGL
1829:APNI
1726:POWO
1656:2538
1615:NCBI
1563:ITIS
1524:IPNI
1503:3522
1498:GRIN
1485:GISD
1472:GBIF
1407:EPPO
1345:ATRF
1332:APNI
1314:1800
1215:2012
1048:2012
1022:2012
711:2022
655:ISBN
439:and
437:iron
419:and
375:Uses
335:and
296:seed
228:and
167:Ten.
1943:WFO
1842:CoL
1778:WFO
1692:588
1602:NBN
1550:ISC
1490:776
1459:FoC
1433:FNA
1394:EoL
1368:CoL
1360:374
216:of
208:or
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