254:
established by consent in the commonwealth. People are free from the dominion of any will or legal restraint apart from that enacted by their own constituted lawmaking power according to the trust put in it. Thus, freedom is not as Sir Robert Filmer defines it: 'A liberty for everyone to do what he likes, to live as he pleases, and not to be tied by any laws.' Freedom is constrained by laws in both the state of nature and political society. Freedom of nature is to be under no other restraint but the law of nature. Freedom of people under government is to be under no restraint apart from standing rules to live by that are common to everyone in the society and made by the lawmaking power established in it. Persons have a right or liberty to (1) follow their own will in all things that the law has not prohibited and (2) not be subject to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, and arbitrary wills of others.
876:". But they point out that there is considerable discussion about how to achieve those goals. Every discussion of freedom depends on three key components: who is free, what they are free to do, and what forces restrict their freedom. John Gray argues that the core belief of liberalism is toleration. Liberals allow others freedom to do what they want, in exchange for having the same freedom in return. This idea of freedom is personal rather than political. William Safire points out that liberalism is attacked by both the Right and the Left: by the Right for defending such practices as abortion, homosexuality, and atheism, and by the Left for defending free enterprise and the rights of the individual over the collective.
594:
821:
918:(NAP). The Non-Aggression Principle asserts that aggression against an individual or an individual's property is always an immoral violation of one's life, liberty, and property rights. Utilizing deceit instead of consent to achieve ends is also a violation of the Non-Aggression principle. Therefore, under the framework of the Non-Aggression principle, rape, murder, deception, involuntary taxation, government regulation, and other behaviors that initiate aggression against otherwise peaceful individuals are considered violations of this principle. This principle is most commonly adhered to by
431:
337:"This, then, is one note of liberty which all democrats affirm to be the principle of their state. Another is that a man should live as he likes. This, they say, is the privilege of a freeman, since, on the other hand, not to live as a man likes is the mark of a slave. This is the second characteristic of democracy, whence has arisen the claim of men to be ruled by none, if possible, or, if this is impossible, to rule and be ruled in turns; and so it contributes to the freedom based upon equality."
318:
2281:
5741:
89:
731:
4134:
32:
198:
4122:
548:
754:". This declaration of liberty was troubled for 90 years by the continued institutionalization of legalized Black slavery, as slave owners argued that their liberty was paramount since it involved property, their slaves, and that Blacks had no rights that any White man was obliged to recognize. The Supreme Court, in the 1857
2379:'s concept of alienated labor, socialists understand freedom to be the ability for an individual to engage in creative work in the absence of alienation, where "alienated labor" refers to work people are forced to perform and un-alienated work refers to individuals pursuing their own creative interests.
779:
I am grateful that I have rights in the proverbial public square â but, as a practical matter, my most cherished rights are those that I possess in my bedroom and hospital room and death chamber. Most people are far more concerned that they can control their own bodies than they are about petitioning
2397:
characterized by superabundance and free access. Such a social arrangement would eliminate the need for alienated labor and enable individuals to pursue their own creative interests, leaving them to develop and maximize their full potentialities. This goes alongside Marx's emphasis on the ability of
328:
The modern day concept of political liberty has its origins in the Greek concepts of freedom and slavery. To be free, to the Greeks, was not to have a master, to be independent from a master (to live as one likes). That was the original Greek concept of freedom. It is closely linked with the concept
3840:
Socialists consider the pleasures of creation equal, if not superior, to those of acquisition and consumption, hence the importance of work in socialist society. Whereas the capitalist/Calvinist work ethic applauds the moral virtue of hard work, idealistic socialists emphasize the joy. This vision
3811:
Genuine freedom as Marx described it, would become possible only when life activity was no longer constrained by the requirements of production or by the limitations of material scarcity...Thus, in the socialist view, freedom is not an abstract ideal but a concrete situation that ensues only when
528:
sought to define the "...nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual," and as such, he describes an inherent and continuous antagonism between liberty and authority and thus, the prevailing question becomes "how to make the fitting adjustment
134:
Sometimes liberty is differentiated from freedom by using the word "freedom" primarily, if not exclusively, to mean the ability to do as one wills and what one has the power to do; and using the word "liberty" to mean the absence of arbitrary restraints, taking into account the rights of all
253:
In the state of nature, liberty consists of being free from any superior power on Earth. People are not under the will or lawmaking authority of others but have only the law of nature for their rule. In political society, liberty consists of being under no other lawmaking power except that
2371:
to pursue their creative interests unhindered by coercive social relationships, specifically those they are forced to engage in as a requisite for survival under a given social system. Freedom thus requires both the material economic conditions that make freedom possible alongside social
3898:
Marx believed the reduction of necessary labor time to be, evaluatively speaking, an absolute necessity. He claims that real wealth is the developed productive force of all individuals. It is no longer the labor time but the disposable time that is the measure of
3869:
Affluence and increased provision of free goods would reduce alienation in the work process and, in combination with (1), the alienation of man's 'species-life'. Greater leisure would create opportunities for creative and artistic activity outside of
2398:
socialism and communism progressively reducing the average length of the workday to expand the "realm of freedom", or discretionary free time, for each person. Marx's notion of communist society and human freedom is thus radically individualistic.
403:
also appears to have been condemned by Ashoka. Slavery also appears to have been non-existent in the Maurya Empire. However, according to
Hermann Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, "Ashoka's orders seem to have been resisted right from the beginning."
2461:
Two
Treatises of Government: In the Former, the False Principles, and Foundation of Sir Robert Filmer, and His Followers, Are Detected and Overthrown. the Latter Is an Essay Concerning the True Original, Extent, and End of Civil
114:
is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views. The concept of liberty can vary depending on perspective and context. In the
910:
hold liberty as their primary political value. Their approach to implementing liberty involves opposing any governmental coercion, aside from that which is necessary to prevent individuals from coercing each other.
215:
a polity in which there is the same law for all, a polity administered with regard to equal rights and equal freedom of speech, and the idea of a kingly government which respects most of all the freedom of the
2436:
sense, liberty consists of "the fullest development of all the faculties and powers of every human being, by education, by scientific training, and by material prosperity." Such a conception of liberty is
3244:(2012), pp. 485â486, Amendment XIV "Citizenship Rights not to be abridged.", Amendment XV "Race no bar to voting rights.", Amendment XIX, "Giving nationwide suffrage to women.". World Almanac Books,
143:
without depriving anyone else of their freedom. Liberty can be taken away as a form of punishment. In many countries, people can be deprived of their liberty if they are convicted of criminal acts.
697:, argued for toleration and individuality. "If any opinion is compelled to silence, that opinion may, for aught we can certainly know, be true. To deny this is to assume our own infallibility."
2680:
600:(originally known as the Charter of Liberties) of 1215, written in iron gall ink on parchment in medieval Latin, using standard abbreviations of the period. This document is held at the
3841:
of 'creative man', Homo Faber, has consequences for their view of freedom...Socialist freedom is the freedom to unfold and develop one's potential, especially through unalienated work.
3432:
775:
argued that liberties relating to personal relationships, such as marriage, have a unique primacy of place in the hierarchy of freedoms. Jacob M. Appel has summarized this principle:
765:
By the later half of the 20th century, liberty was expanded further to prohibit government interference with personal choices. In the 1965 United States
Supreme Court decision
3065:
2634:
5534:
249:(1632â1704) rejected that definition of liberty. While not specifically mentioning Hobbes, he attacks Sir Robert Filmer who had the same definition. According to Locke:
3718:
2330:, one's liberty should not be viewed as the absence of interference in one's actions, but as non-domination. According to this view, which originates in the Roman
3282:
3996:
705:
642:
3911:
3663:
341:
This applied only to free men. In Athens, for instance, women could not vote or hold office and were legally and socially dependent on a male relative.
7670:
7623:
3354:
3188:
2309:
5777:
3596:
3458:
3428:
721:, identified "negative liberty" as an obstacle, as distinct from "positive liberty" which promotes self-mastery and the concepts of freedom.
5510:
3219:
499:. The conception of law as a relationship between individuals, rather than families, came to the fore, and with it the increasing focus on
2367:
Socialists view freedom as a concrete situation as opposed to a purely abstract ideal. Freedom is a state of being where individuals have
410:
also embraced certain limited forms of liberty, even under the rule of the Roman
Emperors. However, these liberties were accorded only to
364:
was abolished (550 BC). All the palaces of the kings of Persia were built by paid workers in an era when slaves typically did such work.
180:
135:
involved. In this sense, the exercise of liberty is subject to capability and limited by the rights of others. Thus liberty entails the
6567:
6208:
4484:
3812:
certain conditions of interaction between man and nature (material conditions), and man and other men (social relations) are fulfilled.
3483:
3119:
2342:
who asserted that you must be a member of a free self-governing civil association, a republic, if you are to enjoy individual liberty.
751:
231:
a free man is he that in those things which by his strength and wit he is able to do is not hindered to do what he hath the will to do.
8117:
8017:
2711:
743:
298:, while the former refers to the liberty that comes from self-mastery, the freedom from inner compulsions such as weakness and fear.
7689:
What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights
6752:
3069:
2908:
7922:
7360:
6662:
5542:
1866:
116:
7723:
7663:
6781:
4474:
2560:
1010:
800:
sees "big government" as an enemy of freedom. Other major participants in the modern
American libertarian movement include the
495:
his power, rather than the king's power giving force to law. This conception of law would find its culmination in the ideas of
185:
6769:
4489:
4075:
4054:
4032:
3891:
3862:
3833:
3768:
3748:
3575:
3533:
3386:
3336:
3312:
3249:
2918:
2811:
2723:
2690:
2628:
2017:
1957:
701:
3637:
2375:
The socialist conception of freedom is closely related to the socialist view of creativity and individuality. Influenced by
7891:
2090:
2740:
2007:
762:, the US Constitution was amended to extend rights to persons of color, and in 1920 voting rights were extended to women.
267:, was the first to recognize the difference between liberty as the freedom to act and liberty as the absence of coercion.
8050:
8002:
7773:
7470:
7380:
5558:
4458:
4065:
3714:
3693:
2302:
2160:
1786:
1477:
919:
793:
7495:
2338:, a free man, means not being subject to another's arbitrary will, that is to say, dominated by another. They also cite
5770:
3950:
2874:
2177:
1987:
1447:
3007:
for slaves, who perform the duties of slaves; but the
Indians have no slaves at all, much less is any Indian a slave."
2502:
278:
formally framed the differences between two perspectives as the distinction between two opposite concepts of liberty:
7656:
4658:
4166:
3554:
3513:
3029:
2970:
2946:
2769:
2267:
1732:
1517:
801:
442:
caricatured French "liberty" as the opportunity to starve and
British "slavery" as bloated complaints about taxation.
75:
57:
7440:
5890:
4570:
2135:
1806:
2047:
6396:
6247:
4091:
3274:
3044:
414:. Many of the liberties enjoyed under Roman law endured through the Middle Ages, but were enjoyed solely by the
100:
3988:
3115:
849:, wrote "The French had shewn themselves the ablest architects of ruin that had hitherto existed in the world."
8055:
7952:
7708:
7597:
7450:
6336:
5526:
3741:
Republicanism: A Shared
European Heritage, Volume I: Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe
2295:
1141:
841:
their own monarchy, with the cry of "Liberté, égalité, fraternité". The bloodbath that followed, known as the
42:
3918:
2062:
399:, which emphasize the importance of tolerance in public policy by the government. The slaughter or capture of
123:
means creating a balanced society where individuals have the freedom to act without unnecessary interference (
7637:
7510:
6732:
5763:
5343:
4760:
1432:
4138:
3570:, "Liberalism takes criticism from both the right and the left,...", p. 388, Oxford University Press, 2008,
2042:
820:
7992:
7535:
7530:
7224:
6262:
5895:
5590:
5550:
5463:
3346:
2591:
2445:
sense, liberty is "the revolt of the individual against all divine, collective, and individual authority."
2432:, liberty did not mean an abstract ideal but a concrete reality based on the equal liberty of others. In a
2257:
2220:
2140:
2100:
2002:
1997:
652:
was enacted, becoming the cornerstone of liberty in first
England, then Great Britain, and later the world.
163:
3182:
593:
8102:
8092:
8087:
7818:
7728:
7550:
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5222:
4338:
3761:
Republicanism: A Shared
European Heritage, Volume II: The Values of Republicanism in Early Modern Europe
3659:
2938:
2781:
2459:
1992:
872:, liberalism is "the belief that it is the aim of politics to preserve individual rights and to maximize
784:
In modern America, various competing ideologies have divergent views about how best to promote liberty.
2685:. Leiden Indo-European etymological dictionary series. Vol. 7. Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 338.
7695:
6215:
5875:
5518:
3974:
3406:
2935:
Human Rights in the World: An Introduction to the Study of the International Protection of Human Rights
2095:
1796:
1467:
829:
638:. The act, a forerunner to trial by jury, started the abolition of trial by combat and trial by ordeal.
6532:
8040:
7982:
6579:
6522:
6107:
5709:
4479:
4199:
2566:
2105:
2072:
1972:
1967:
1637:
1254:
104:
3608:
libertarianism, political philosophy that takes individual liberty to be the primary political value
2823:
Metaphilosoph: Motives for Philosophizing Debunking and Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations.
2662:
700:
1948 â British representatives attempted to but were prevented from adding a legal framework to the
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7997:
7962:
7907:
7793:
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5725:
5212:
4869:
4625:
4363:
4126:
4110:
3588:
2737:"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity â France in the United States / Embassy of France in Washington, DC"
2130:
2125:
2120:
2022:
1597:
1000:
915:
747:
20:
1377:
418:, rarely by the common man. The idea of inalienable and universal liberties had to wait until the
7703:
7400:
7320:
6737:
6326:
6237:
3454:
2999:, that all Indians are free, and no Indian at all is a slave. In this the Indians agree with the
2571:
2498:
2350:
2349:
resulted in the creation of the liberal concept of freedom as non-interference in Thomas Hobbes'
2155:
2145:
2110:
1826:
1472:
1063:
975:
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713:
678:
384:
271:
237:
53:
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2847:
Mogens Herman Hansen, 2010, Democratic Freedom and the Concept of Freedom in Plato and Aristotle
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153:
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2412:
While many anarchists see freedom slightly differently, all oppose authority, including the
845:, soured many people on the idea of liberty. Edmund Burke, considered one of the fathers of
207:
Philosophers from the earliest times have considered the question of liberty. Roman Emperor
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1876:
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1161:
1068:
1035:
624:
481:
419:
330:
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2612:
616:
assented to the London Charter of Liberties which guaranteed the "Saxon" liberties of the
430:
8:
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1947:
1836:
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1131:
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1116:
1005:
670:
635:
631:
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357:
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1982:
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1407:
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897:
805:
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627:
is passed which sets out certain liberties of nobles, church officials and individuals.
7024:
286:. The latter designates a negative condition in which an individual is protected from
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2012:
1952:
1932:
1816:
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1497:
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788:
in the original sense of the word see equality as a necessary component of freedom.
656:
411:
345:
307:
96:
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922:. A common elevator pitch for this principle is, "Good ideas don't require force."
525:
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396:
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128:
124:
7164:
3142:
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France supported the Americans in their revolt against English rule and, in 1789,
179:("people"). The word "liberty" is commonly used in slogans or quotes, such as in "
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1977:
1962:
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1482:
1442:
1417:
1397:
1344:
1329:
1181:
1176:
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842:
809:
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601:
569:
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400:
208:
120:
49:
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1209:
688:
judgement found that slavery was unsupported by common law in England and Wales.
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Summary of Give Us Liberty: A Tea Party Manifesto â Dick Armey and Matt Kibbe
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7912:
7803:
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7648:
7520:
7204:
7194:
7184:
7049:
7044:
6984:
6959:
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6672:
6552:
6286:
6222:
6092:
6082:
6077:
5996:
5986:
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5820:
5679:
5622:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5418:
5388:
5122:
4995:
4929:
4924:
4859:
4715:
4700:
4318:
4042:
4020:
3689:
2581:
2549:
2345:
The predominance of this view of liberty among parliamentarians during the
1722:
1702:
1687:
1647:
1632:
1592:
1527:
1512:
1402:
1304:
970:
907:
846:
735:
674:
573:
353:
7783:
7219:
7214:
7149:
7144:
6994:
6866:
6821:
6811:
6604:
6599:
6537:
6474:
6257:
6232:
6157:
6117:
6087:
6062:
6042:
6021:
6001:
5981:
5971:
5940:
5805:
5378:
5182:
4959:
4620:
3506:
Edmund Burke: Reflections on the Revolution in France: a Critical Edition
2958:
2421:
2339:
2200:
1737:
1677:
1627:
1572:
1367:
1299:
1025:
1020:
649:
597:
496:
473:
197:
140:
2280:
673:
granted "freedom of speech in Parliament", and reinforced many existing
7788:
7602:
7410:
7310:
7159:
7079:
6851:
6742:
6584:
6527:
6504:
6469:
6418:
6408:
6376:
6321:
6147:
6127:
6052:
6016:
5920:
5905:
5830:
5755:
5438:
5408:
5403:
5383:
5333:
5244:
5102:
5045:
5005:
5000:
4770:
4693:
2488:
2455:
2417:
2240:
2230:
1692:
1657:
1582:
1567:
1502:
1427:
1372:
1274:
1219:
1098:
1083:
889:
863:
785:
755:
693:
520:
455:
380:
263:
246:
3793:
The Foundations of Modern Political Thought: Volume 1, The Renaissance
2441:, because it can only be realized in society," not in isolation. In a
88:
7768:
7300:
7239:
6796:
6439:
6366:
6351:
6272:
6192:
6187:
6112:
6067:
6047:
6026:
6011:
5991:
5976:
5840:
5800:
5654:
5566:
5298:
5278:
5177:
5087:
5060:
5040:
4985:
4854:
4663:
4494:
4236:
3429:"Is the Free State Project a Better Idea than the Libertarian Party?"
3041:
2534:
2438:
2413:
2407:
2376:
2362:
1712:
1392:
1088:
980:
730:
562:
407:
322:
295:
291:
3171:(3rd ed.). London: Longman, Green, Longman Roberts & Green.
2866:
60:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
8030:
7868:
7575:
7154:
6891:
6484:
6449:
6423:
6403:
6356:
6167:
6122:
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5910:
5900:
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5835:
5684:
5649:
5283:
5268:
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5055:
4990:
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4204:
2519:
1557:
1314:
1078:
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708:
came into force, giving a legal status to most of the Declaration.)
558:
459:
415:
349:
127:) and access to opportunities and resources to pursue their goals (
645:
which contains authoritative definitions of freedom and servitude.
7833:
7763:
7748:
7612:
7525:
6413:
6381:
6371:
6142:
6102:
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5825:
5308:
5197:
5162:
5117:
5107:
5020:
5010:
4133:
3084:
2388:
2322:
According to republican theorists of freedom, like the historian
604:
and is identified as "British Library Cotton MS Augustus II.106".
492:
375:, citizens of all religions and ethnic groups had some rights to
361:
287:
3945:. Gaus, Gerald F., D'Agostino, Fred. New York: Routledge. 2013.
914:
Libertarianism is guided by the principle commonly known as the
491:
governed both heavenly and human affairs, and that law gave the
468:), was among the first to provide a political classification of
6361:
6162:
5950:
5925:
5915:
5885:
5870:
5293:
5234:
5167:
5092:
4969:
4579:
4221:
4121:
2982:
2682:
Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other italic languages
1234:
796:
disagree, and see economic and individual freedom as best. The
512:
504:
469:
451:
691:
1859 â an essay by the philosopher John Stuart Mill, entitled
6391:
5880:
5815:
5273:
5263:
3187:(Final authorized text ed.). The British Library. 1952.
3004:
2611:
Stevenson, Angus; Lindberg, Christine A., eds. (2010-01-01).
484:
6386:
5810:
5535:
An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation
5313:
5229:
5075:
5070:
5030:
3402:
136:
4144:
3943:
The Routledge companion to social and political philosophy
2393:
For Karl Marx, meaningful freedom is only attainable in a
5955:
5850:
5239:
4548:
3147:(2nd ed.). London: John W.Parker & Son. p.
2804:
Freedom: Keys to Freedom from Twenty-one National Leaders
830:
Liberty Leading the People (La Liberté guidant le peuple)
508:
488:
173:
166:
103:, was donated to the US by France in 1886 as an artistic
2806:
Main Street Publications, Memphis, Tennessee, pp. 3â38,
3634:"For Libertarians, There Is Only One Fundamental Right"
2497:
1914:
3904:
2933:
Arthur Henry Robertson, John Graham Merrills (1996).
2372:
relationships and institutions conducive to freedom.
659:
which set out specific liberties of English citizens.
529:
between individual independence and social control".
792:
stress freedom from business monopoly as essential.
758:
decision, upheld this principle. In 1866, after the
706:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
643:
Tractatus de legibus et consuetudinibus regni Anglie
3368:
3096:
2859:
Farewell to Freedom: A Western Genealogy of Liberty
8041:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation
4063:
3370:
3240:The Constitution of the United States of America,
3090:
666:which outlawed unlawful or arbitrary imprisonment.
156:
3781:Republicanism: a theory of freedom and government
2836:The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery: AâK
2795:Westbrooks, Logan Hart (2008) "Personal Freedom"
2610:
2448:
8079:
2483:
2469:
348:enjoyed some degree of freedom. Citizens of all
532:
3324:
3307:, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press, 2009,
2913:(2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 129.
7664:
5771:
4564:
4540:
4160:
4041:
3855:Karl Marx's Economics: Critical Assessments I
3619:David Kelley, "Life, liberty, and property."
2303:
7678:
6277:
5511:Fifteen Sermons Preached at the Rolls Chapel
3759:Quentil Skinner, contributor and co-editor,
3739:Quentin Skinner, contributor and co-editor,
3686:"The Non-Aggression Axiom of Libertarianism"
537:
356:were given the same rights and had the same
7709:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention
6213:
181:Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness
147:
16:Creation and experience of societal freedom
7671:
7657:
5778:
5764:
4571:
4557:
4485:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
4167:
4153:
4064:Danziger, Danny; Gillingham, John (2004).
3886:. Princeton University Press. p. 73.
3264:. 381 U.S. 479 (1965) Decided June 7, 1965
3018:Hermann Kulke, Dietmar Rothermund (2004).
2856:
2454:
2310:
2296:
752:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
2712:United States Declaration of Independence
744:United States Declaration of Independence
677:in England. The Scots law equivalent the
662:1679 â the English Parliament passed the
655:1628 â the English Parliament passed the
450:theory, most influentially formulated by
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
5785:
3809:. Pearson Education India. p. 255.
3804:
2906:
2760:Marcus Aurelius, "Meditations", Book I,
819:
729:
612:1066 â as a condition of his coronation
592:
429:
360:, women had the same rights as men, and
316:
196:
87:
7923:Right to an adequate standard of living
7361:Reflections on the Revolution in France
5543:Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals
3823:
3218:. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
2762:Wordsworth Classics of World Literature
1867:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
990:
738:is a popular icon of liberty in the US.
634:transformed English law by passing the
146:Liberty originates from the Latin word
117:Constitutional law of the United States
8080:
7724:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
3881:
3222:from the original on 14 September 2006
3209:
3191:from the original on 10 September 2015
3122:from the original on 22 September 2021
472:, in particular through the notion of
7652:
5759:
4552:
4539:
4490:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4148:
4019:
3884:Marxism, Morality, and Social Justice
3526:Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics
3486:from the original on 20 November 2014
3344:
3305:Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics
3184:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3102:
3068:. Liberty. 2010-07-20. Archived from
3034:
2018:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1958:Spanish American wars of independence
925:
870:Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics
702:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
515:, would be as universal as possible.
3852:
3743:, Cambridge University Press, 2002,
3666:from the original on 23 January 2017
3164:
3140:
2675:
2621:10.1093/acref/9780195392883.001.0001
541:
503:as a fundamental reality, given by "
462:(though first suggested by Plato in
25:
7471:The End of History and the Last Man
7381:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
5559:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
3715:"""Good ideas don't require force""
3347:"What the Tea Partiers Really Want"
3345:Haidt, Jonathan (16 October 2010).
3303:Iain McLean and Alistair McMillan,
3242:The World Almanac and book of facts
2784:: A Translation into Modern English
1787:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
131:), all within a fair legal system.
13:
4025:Magna Carta: Manuscripts and Myths
3763:Cambridge University Press, 2002,
3660:""The Morality of Libertarianism""
704:. (It was not until 1976 that the
425:
14:
8129:
7844:Right to refuse medical treatment
4085:
4047:Magna Carta: Law, Liberty, Legacy
4045:; Harrison, Julian, eds. (2015).
3807:Political Theory: An Introduction
3721:from the original on 8 March 2022
3640:from the original on 8 March 2022
3528:, Oxford University Press, 2009,
3455:"The Free State Project Grows Up"
3357:from the original on 3 April 2015
3285:from the original on 25 July 2009
2802:Owens, William (compiler) (2008)
2507:. London: Smith, Elder, & Co.
879:
8118:Concepts in political philosophy
7441:The Open Society and Its Enemies
5740:
5739:
4132:
4120:
3435:from the original on May 5, 2022
3409:from the original on May 8, 2018
3353:. Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
2613:"New Oxford American Dictionary"
2493:. London: John W Parker and Son.
2279:
1807:Discourses Concerning Government
725:
546:
30:
6248:Family as a model for the state
4049:. London: The British Library.
4027:. London: The British Library.
4013:
3999:from the original on 2019-10-16
3989:"Works of Mikhail Bakunin 1871"
3981:
3935:
3875:
3857:. Routledge. pp. 248â249.
3846:
3817:
3798:
3786:
3773:
3753:
3733:
3707:
3696:from the original on 2016-01-22
3678:
3652:
3626:
3613:
3599:from the original on 2015-05-04
3581:
3560:
3539:
3519:
3498:
3472:
3461:from the original on 2022-05-16
3447:
3421:
3395:
3318:
3297:
3267:
3255:
3234:
3203:
3175:
3158:
3134:
3108:
3058:
3012:
2976:
2952:
2927:
2900:
2891:
2850:
2841:
2825:Kelly Dean Jolley. pp. 262â270
2743:from the original on 2016-03-05
2637:from the original on 2020-03-12
2073:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
436:French Liberty. British Slavery
387:. The need for tolerance on an
8056:Sexual and reproductive health
7953:Right to a healthy environment
7598:Separation of church and state
7496:Collectivism and individualism
7451:The Origins of Totalitarianism
5527:The Theory of Moral Sentiments
4897:Value monism â Value pluralism
4475:Liberty, equality, brotherhood
3853:Wood, John Cunningham (1996).
3373:The Tea Party: A Brief History
3091:Danziger & Gillingham 2004
3003:. Yet the Lacedaemonians have
2828:
2816:
2789:
2774:
2754:
2729:
2705:
2669:
2604:
2449:Historical writings on liberty
2008:1935 Greek coup d'Ă©tat attempt
1988:German Revolution of 1918â1919
561:format but may read better as
93:Liberty Enlightening the World
1:
7973:Right to public participation
7638:Category:Political philosophy
7511:Critique of political economy
4067:1215: The Year of Magna Carta
3568:Safire's Political Dictionary
3508:, 2001, Stanford. pp. 66â67,
3480:"What is the Mises Institute"
3403:"About the Libertarian Party"
3214:Positive and Negative Liberty
3066:"The History of Human Rights"
2963:Human Rights and Asian Values
2857:Baldissone, Riccardo (2018).
2598:
2504:Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
2479:. Paris: Guillaumin & Co.
857:
852:
192:
7993:Right to science and culture
7536:Institutional discrimination
7531:History of political thought
6263:Negative and positive rights
5591:On the Genealogy of Morality
5551:Critique of Practical Reason
4111:Resources in other libraries
3621:Social Philosophy and Policy
3369:Ronald P. Formisano (2012).
3210:Carter, Ian (5 March 2012).
2995:"This also is remarkable in
2834:Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007)
2592:Rule according to higher law
2561:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
2465:. London: Awnsham Churchill.
2401:
2356:
2258:Republic without republicans
2003:11 September 1922 Revolution
1998:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
533:Origins of political freedom
186:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
7:
7819:Right to keep and bear arms
7729:Freedom from discrimination
7546:Justification for the state
7331:Two Treatises of Government
4339:Freedom from discrimination
4174:
3828:. Wiley. pp. 107â109.
3331:. Primento. pp. 9â10.
2939:Manchester University Press
2782:Two Treatises on Government
2512:
1993:Turkish War of Independence
1915:
641:1187-1189 â publication of
301:
56:the claims made and adding
10:
8134:
6216:Bellum omnium contra omnes
5519:A Treatise of Human Nature
4578:
4200:Personification of Liberty
3882:Peffer, Rodney G. (2014).
3165:Mill, John Stuart (1864).
3141:Mill, John Stuart (1859).
2405:
2386:
2382:
2360:
2048:1970 Cambodian coup d'Ă©tat
1797:The Commonwealth of Oceana
883:
861:
391:basis can be found in the
312:
305:
105:personification of liberty
101:Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi
18:
8016:
7983:Right to rest and leisure
7889:
7694:
7687:
7633:
7483:
7252:
6900:
6633:
6513:
6432:
6344:
6335:
6201:
6035:
5964:
5793:
5735:
5642:
5487:
5253:
4978:
4907:
4769:
4644:
4586:
4546:
4541:Links to related articles
4480:All men are created equal
4467:
4291:
4245:
4182:
4106:Resources in your library
3824:Goodwin, Barbara (2007).
3805:Bhargava, Rajeev (2008).
3042:"Chapter I: Introductory"
3040:Mill, J. S. (1869),
2567:Liberty (personification)
2221:The Emperor's New Clothes
1973:5 October 1910 revolution
1968:French Revolution of 1848
991:Liberty as non-domination
815:
538:England and Great Britain
139:use of freedom under the
7998:Right to social security
7963:Right to Internet access
7908:Equal pay for equal work
7794:Presumption of innocence
7421:The Revolt of the Masses
4870:Universal prescriptivism
2063:1987 Fijian coups d'Ă©tat
2023:1952 Egyptian revolution
1001:Political representation
916:Non-Aggression Principle
21:Liberty (disambiguation)
7874:right to be a candidate
7704:Equality before the law
7401:The Communist Manifesto
6327:Tyranny of the majority
6238:Consent of the governed
4659:Artificial intelligence
3912:"Karl Marx on Equality"
3623:(1984) 1#2 pp. 108â118.
3593:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
3549:, The New Press, 1990,
3547:Two Faces of Liberalism
3325:Capitol Reader (2013).
3262:Griswold v. Connecticut
2897:Aristotle, Politics 6.2
2572:List of freedom indices
2499:James Fitzjames Stephen
2043:1969 Libyan coup d'Ă©tat
1827:Discourse on Inequality
976:Consent of the governed
904:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
768:Griswold v. Connecticut
714:Two Concepts of Liberty
570:converting this section
344:The populations of the
272:Two Concepts of Liberty
175:
168:
158:
7734:Freedom of information
7719:Freedom of association
6278:
6228:Clash of civilizations
6214:
4137:Quotations related to
3973:: CS1 maint: others (
3275:"A Culture of Liberty"
3153:editions:HMraC_Owoi8C.
3009:
2910:Ancient Greek Religion
2907:Mikalson, Jon (2009).
2657:Cite journal requires
834:
782:
742:According to the 1776
739:
605:
480:. The thinkers of the
443:
325:
256:
244:
218:
204:
148:
108:
8046:Intersex human rights
7854:Right of self-defense
7809:Right to a fair trial
6243:Divine right of kings
5583:The Methods of Ethics
4821:Divine command theory
4816:Ideal observer theory
4070:. Hodder Paperbacks.
3826:Using Political Ideas
3377:. JHU Press. p.
2993:
2426:Russian revolutionary
2211:Criticism of monarchy
2033:North Yemen civil war
1847:The Federalist Papers
1142:Federal parliamentary
823:
777:
733:
614:William the Conqueror
596:
433:
320:
270:In his 1958 lecture "
251:
229:
213:
200:
91:
7933:Right to development
7814:Right to family life
7764:Freedom from torture
7749:Freedom from slavery
7391:Democracy in America
6770:political philosophy
6753:political philosophy
6568:political philosophy
6397:political philosophy
6307:Separation of powers
6268:Night-watchman state
6253:Monopoly on violence
5787:Political philosophy
5700:Political philosophy
4525:Right-libertarianism
4505:Civil libertarianism
4459:Water and sanitation
4195:Moral responsibility
4129:at Wikimedia Commons
3795:, By Quentin Skinner
3024:. Routledge. p. 66.
2196:Classical radicalism
1938:Republic of Florence
1877:Democracy in America
1036:Separation of powers
1011:Public participation
746:, all people have a
625:Charter of Liberties
420:Age of Enlightenment
261:, in his 1859 work,
211:(121â180 AD) wrote:
19:For other uses, see
7744:Freedom of religion
7739:Freedom of movement
7714:Freedom of assembly
7696:Civil and political
7581:Right-wing politics
7461:A Theory of Justice
7431:The Road to Serfdom
7351:The Social Contract
6058:Christian democracy
5670:Evolutionary ethics
5631:Reasons and Persons
5607:A Theory of Justice
4761:Uncertain sentience
4515:Left-libertarianism
4510:Drug liberalization
3351:Wall Street Journal
3279:The Huffington Post
3118:. British Library.
2540:Gratis versus Libre
2326:or the philosopher
2286:Politics portal
2091:Antigua and Barbuda
2038:Zanzibar Revolution
1948:American Revolution
1837:The Social Contract
1006:Popular sovereignty
636:Assize of Clarendon
632:Henry II of England
358:freedom of religion
331:as Aristotle put it
164:Proto-Indo-European
8103:Political concepts
8093:Libertarian theory
8088:Concepts in ethics
8061:Right to sexuality
7938:Right to education
7864:Security of person
7759:Freedom of thought
7593:Political violence
7588:Political theology
7571:Left-wing politics
7566:Political spectrum
5665:Ethics in religion
5660:Descriptive ethics
5495:Nicomachean Ethics
3662:. 1 October 2015.
3047:2020-08-03 at the
3021:A history of India
2786:, ISR, 2009, p. 76
2555:Intentional living
2252:Primus inter pares
2068:Nepalese Civil War
2058:Iranian Revolution
2028:14 July Revolution
1983:Russian Revolution
1978:Chinese Revolution
1928:Republic of Venice
1777:Discourses on Livy
926:Republican liberty
898:Anarcho-capitalism
835:
806:Free State Project
798:Tea Party movement
773:William O. Douglas
760:American Civil War
740:
686:Somerset v Stewart
606:
572:, if appropriate.
501:individual liberty
444:
326:
241:, Part 2, Ch. XXI.
205:
109:
41:possibly contains
8075:
8074:
8069:
8068:
7968:Right to property
7928:Right to clothing
7913:Fair remuneration
7881:Right to homeland
7829:Right to petition
7754:Freedom of speech
7646:
7645:
7556:Philosophy of law
7501:Conflict theories
7341:The Spirit of Law
7248:
7247:
6297:Original position
5753:
5752:
5720:Social philosophy
5705:Population ethics
5695:Philosophy of law
5675:History of ethics
5158:Political freedom
4835:Euthyphro dilemma
4626:Suffering-focused
4533:
4532:
4190:Cognitive liberty
4125:Media related to
4092:Library resources
4077:978-0-340-82475-7
4056:978-0-7123-5764-7
4034:978-0-7123-5833-0
3893:978-0-691-60888-4
3864:978-0-415-08714-8
3835:978-0-470-02552-9
3769:978-0-521-67234-4
3749:978-0-521-67235-1
3636:. 29 March 2015.
3576:978-0-19-534334-2
3534:978-0-19-920516-5
3431:. July 30, 2021.
3388:978-1-4214-0596-4
3338:978-2-511-00084-7
3313:978-0-19-920516-5
3250:978-1-60057-147-3
2920:978-1-4051-8177-8
2812:978-0-9801152-0-8
2724:978-1-60057-201-2
2716:The World Almanac
2692:978-90-04-16797-1
2630:978-0-19-539288-3
2577:Political freedom
2530:Cognitive liberty
2416:of the state, of
2395:communist society
2347:English Civil War
2320:
2319:
2263:Republican empire
2236:List of republics
2085:National variants
2013:Spanish Civil War
1953:French Revolution
1933:Republic of Genoa
1817:The Spirit of Law
1750:Theoretical works
1094:Neo-republicanism
902:According to the
874:freedom of choice
868:According to the
802:Libertarian Party
664:Habeas Corpus Act
657:Petition of Right
591:
590:
511:," which, in the
308:Political freedom
97:Statue of Liberty
86:
85:
78:
43:original research
8125:
7958:Right to housing
7892:Economic, social
7839:Right to protest
7834:Right to privacy
7673:
7666:
7659:
7650:
7649:
7561:Political ethics
7551:Machiavellianism
7491:Authoritarianism
7476:
7466:
7456:
7446:
7436:
7426:
7416:
7406:
7396:
7386:
7376:
7366:
7356:
7346:
7336:
7326:
7316:
7306:
7296:
7286:
7276:
7266:
6342:
6341:
6283:
6219:
6209:Balance of power
6183:Social democracy
6178:Social Darwinism
6153:Multiculturalism
6098:Environmentalism
6073:Communitarianism
5780:
5773:
5766:
5757:
5756:
5743:
5742:
5690:Moral psychology
5635:
5627:
5619:
5615:Practical Ethics
5611:
5603:
5599:Principia Ethica
5595:
5587:
5579:
5571:
5563:
5555:
5547:
5539:
5531:
5523:
5515:
5507:
5503:Ethics (Spinoza)
5499:
5138:Moral imperative
4596:Consequentialism
4573:
4566:
4559:
4550:
4549:
4537:
4536:
4217:Positive liberty
4212:Negative liberty
4169:
4162:
4155:
4146:
4145:
4136:
4124:
4081:
4060:
4038:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4004:
3993:www.marxists.org
3985:
3979:
3978:
3972:
3964:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3923:
3917:. Archived from
3916:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3777:
3771:
3757:
3751:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3630:
3624:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3589:"Libertarianism"
3585:
3579:
3566:William Safire,
3564:
3558:
3543:
3537:
3523:
3517:
3502:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3482:. 18 June 2014.
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3376:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3342:
3322:
3316:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3281:. 21 July 2009.
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3116:"Bill of Rights"
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3062:
3056:
3038:
3032:
3016:
3010:
2980:
2974:
2956:
2950:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2839:
2838:; Vol. II, LâZ,
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2793:
2787:
2778:
2772:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2733:
2727:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2677:Vaan, Michiel de
2673:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2655:
2653:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2608:
2508:
2494:
2485:John Stuart Mill
2480:
2471:Frédéric Bastiat
2466:
2439:eminently social
2312:
2305:
2298:
2284:
2283:
2268:Republican Party
2246:Peasant republic
2206:Communitarianism
1923:Classical Athens
1918:
1892:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1772:
1762:
996:Mixed government
930:
929:
825:EugĂšne Delacroix
586:
583:
577:
568:You can help by
550:
549:
542:
526:John Stuart Mill
401:prisoners of war
397:Ashoka the Great
284:negative liberty
280:positive liberty
259:John Stuart Mill
242:
202:John Stuart Mill
178:
171:
161:
151:
129:positive liberty
125:negative liberty
81:
74:
70:
67:
61:
58:inline citations
34:
33:
26:
8133:
8132:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8108:Social concepts
8098:Liberty symbols
8078:
8077:
8076:
8071:
8070:
8065:
8036:Family planning
8021:
8012:
7988:Right of return
7948:Right to health
7896:
7893:
7885:
7849:Right to resist
7799:Right of asylum
7690:
7683:
7677:
7647:
7642:
7629:
7618:Totalitarianism
7479:
7474:
7464:
7454:
7444:
7434:
7424:
7414:
7404:
7394:
7384:
7374:
7364:
7354:
7344:
7334:
7324:
7314:
7304:
7294:
7291:Treatise on Law
7284:
7274:
7264:
7244:
6902:
6896:
6635:
6629:
6515:
6509:
6428:
6331:
6317:State of nature
6312:Social contract
6292:Ordered liberty
6280:Noblesse oblige
6197:
6031:
5960:
5789:
5784:
5754:
5749:
5731:
5638:
5633:
5625:
5617:
5609:
5601:
5593:
5585:
5577:
5569:
5561:
5553:
5545:
5537:
5529:
5521:
5513:
5505:
5497:
5483:
5256:
5249:
5173:Self-discipline
5133:Moral hierarchy
5081:Problem of evil
5026:Double standard
5016:Culture of life
4974:
4903:
4850:Non-cognitivism
4765:
4640:
4582:
4577:
4542:
4534:
4529:
4463:
4449:To be forgotten
4364:Internet access
4287:
4241:
4178:
4173:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4088:
4078:
4057:
4035:
4016:
4011:
4002:
4000:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3966:
3965:
3953:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3894:
3880:
3876:
3865:
3851:
3847:
3836:
3822:
3818:
3803:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3779:Philip Pettit,
3778:
3774:
3758:
3754:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3717:. 4 July 2021.
3713:
3712:
3708:
3699:
3697:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3669:
3667:
3658:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3641:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3618:
3614:
3602:
3600:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3565:
3561:
3544:
3540:
3524:
3520:
3504:Clark, J.C.D.,
3503:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3464:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3389:
3367:
3360:
3358:
3343:
3339:
3323:
3319:
3302:
3298:
3288:
3286:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3239:
3235:
3225:
3223:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3163:
3159:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3049:Wayback Machine
3039:
3035:
3017:
3013:
2992:
2981:
2977:
2957:
2953:
2932:
2928:
2921:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2877:
2867:10.16997/book15
2855:
2851:
2846:
2842:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2794:
2790:
2779:
2775:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2710:
2706:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2674:
2670:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2631:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2587:Refusal of work
2525:Civil liberties
2515:
2451:
2430:Mikhail Bakunin
2410:
2404:
2391:
2385:
2365:
2359:
2324:Quentin Skinner
2316:
2278:
2273:
2272:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2086:
2078:
2077:
1963:Trienio Liberal
1904:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1870:
1860:
1850:
1840:
1830:
1820:
1810:
1800:
1790:
1780:
1770:
1760:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1478:Flynn (Stephen)
1363:
1355:
1354:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1046:Social equality
1041:Social contract
1031:Self-governance
986:Democratization
961:Anti-corruption
956:Anti-monarchism
951:
935:Politics series
928:
900:
894:Austrian School
884:Main articles:
882:
866:
860:
855:
843:reign of terror
818:
810:Mises Institute
728:
681:is also passed.
602:British Library
587:
581:
578:
567:
551:
547:
540:
535:
448:social contract
428:
426:Social contract
315:
310:
304:
243:
235:
209:Marcus Aurelius
195:
121:Ordered liberty
99:), by sculptor
82:
71:
65:
62:
47:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8131:
8121:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8073:
8072:
8067:
8066:
8064:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8027:
8025:
8014:
8013:
8011:
8010:
8005:
8003:Right to water
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7978:Right of reply
7975:
7970:
7965:
7960:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7903:Digital rights
7899:
7897:
7890:
7887:
7886:
7884:
7883:
7878:
7877:
7876:
7866:
7861:
7859:Right to truth
7856:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7706:
7700:
7698:
7692:
7691:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7676:
7675:
7668:
7661:
7653:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7640:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7608:Social justice
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7584:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7563:
7558:
7553:
7548:
7543:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7516:Egalitarianism
7513:
7508:
7506:Contractualism
7503:
7498:
7493:
7487:
7485:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7467:
7457:
7447:
7437:
7427:
7417:
7407:
7397:
7387:
7377:
7367:
7357:
7347:
7337:
7327:
7317:
7307:
7297:
7287:
7277:
7267:
7256:
7254:
7250:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6773:
6772:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6639:
6637:
6631:
6630:
6628:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6571:
6570:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6354:
6348:
6346:
6339:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6302:Overton window
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6133:Libertarianism
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5790:
5783:
5782:
5775:
5768:
5760:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5722:
5717:
5715:Secular ethics
5712:
5710:Rehabilitation
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5628:
5620:
5612:
5604:
5596:
5588:
5580:
5575:Utilitarianism
5572:
5564:
5556:
5548:
5540:
5532:
5524:
5516:
5508:
5500:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4935:Existentialist
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4830:Constructivism
4827:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4804:Non-naturalism
4801:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
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4631:Utilitarianism
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4520:Libertarianism
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4232:Social liberty
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4227:Self-ownership
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4086:External links
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679:Claim of Right
671:Bill of Rights
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8008:Right to work
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6634:18th and 19th
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6490:Nizam al-Mulk
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6194:
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6179:
6176:
6174:
6173:Republicanism
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5909:
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5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5252:
5246:
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5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5224:
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5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5206:
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5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
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5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5128:Moral courage
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5066:Good and evil
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5051:Family values
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
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4981:
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4918:
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4910:
4906:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:Quasi-realism
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4851:
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4841:
4838:
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4800:
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4792:
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4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4768:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
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4747:
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4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4689:Environmental
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4611:Particularism
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4574:
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4545:
4538:
4526:
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4513:
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4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
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4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:Morphological
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4278:Morphological
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4165:
4163:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4140:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4079:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4043:Breay, Claire
4040:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4021:Breay, Claire
4018:
4017:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3976:
3970:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3944:
3938:
3924:on 2015-11-09
3920:
3913:
3907:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3885:
3878:
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3860:
3856:
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3766:
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3750:
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3742:
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3720:
3716:
3710:
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3691:
3687:
3681:
3665:
3661:
3655:
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3635:
3629:
3622:
3616:
3609:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3584:
3577:
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3569:
3563:
3556:
3555:1-56584-589-7
3552:
3548:
3542:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3514:0-8047-3923-4
3511:
3507:
3501:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3460:
3457:. June 2013.
3456:
3450:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3374:
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3340:
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3330:
3329:
3321:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3206:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3145:
3137:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3105:, p. 48.
3104:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3072:on 2015-03-24
3071:
3067:
3061:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3030:0-415-32920-5
3027:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2971:0-87641-151-0
2968:
2964:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2947:0-7190-4923-7
2944:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2922:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2903:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2844:
2837:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2792:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2770:1-85326-486-5
2767:
2763:
2757:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2694:
2688:
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2678:
2672:
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2575:
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2565:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2553:
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2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
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2518:
2517:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
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2486:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2380:
2378:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:Philip Pettit
2325:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2179:
2178:United States
2176:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Metapolitefsi
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1889:
1888:
1887:On Revolution
1884:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1858:
1857:Rights of Man
1854:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1768:
1767:De re publica
1764:
1759:
1758:
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1753:
1747:
1746:
1739:
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1729:
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1684:
1681:
1679:
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1659:
1656:
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1621:
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1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Jones (Lynne)
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
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1544:
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1471:
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1451:
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1439:
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1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
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1419:
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1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:Adams (Gerry)
1366:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:Revolutionary
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Parliamentary
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
966:Civil society
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
947:
946:
943:
942:Republicanism
940:
939:
936:
932:
931:
923:
921:
917:
912:
909:
905:
899:
895:
891:
887:
877:
875:
871:
865:
850:
848:
844:
840:
832:
831:
826:
822:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
781:
776:
774:
770:
769:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:natural right
745:
737:
732:
726:United States
720:
719:Isaiah Berlin
716:
715:
710:
707:
703:
699:
696:
695:
690:
687:
683:
680:
676:
672:
668:
665:
661:
658:
654:
651:
647:
644:
640:
637:
633:
629:
626:
622:
619:
615:
611:
610:
609:
603:
599:
595:
585:
576:is available.
575:
571:
565:
564:
560:
555:This section
553:
544:
543:
530:
527:
523:
522:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
482:Enlightenment
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:
461:
457:
453:
449:
441:
440:James Gillray
437:
432:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:ancient India
370:
369:Maurya Empire
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:ethnic groups
351:
347:
342:
336:
335:
334:
332:
324:
319:
309:
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
276:Isaiah Berlin
273:
268:
266:
265:
260:
255:
250:
248:
240:
239:
232:
228:
227:(1588â1679):
226:
225:Thomas Hobbes
223:
222:compatibilist
220:According to
217:
212:
210:
203:
199:
190:
188:
187:
182:
177:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
144:
142:
138:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
113:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
28:
27:
22:
8023:reproductive
7918:Labor rights
7894:and cultural
7804:Right to die
7778:
7681:human rights
7679:Substantive
7622:
7521:Elite theory
7469:
7459:
7449:
7439:
7429:
7419:
7409:
7399:
7389:
7379:
7369:
7359:
7349:
7339:
7329:
7319:
7309:
7299:
7289:
7279:
7269:
7259:
6558:Guicciardini
6514:Early modern
6337:Philosophers
6287:Open society
6223:Body politic
6093:Distributism
6083:Conservatism
6078:Confucianism
5997:Gerontocracy
5987:Dictatorship
5941:Sovereigntyâ
5931:Ruling class
5860:
5821:Emancipation
5806:Citizenshipâ
5724:
5680:Human rights
5623:After Virtue
5349:Schopenhauer
5123:Moral agency
5112:
4996:Common sense
4892:Universalism
4860:Expressivism
4840:Intuitionism
4811:Subjectivism
4756:Terraforming
4731:Professional
4424:Self-defense
4268:Intellectual
4175:
4141:at Wikiquote
4096:
4066:
4046:
4024:
4014:Bibliography
4001:. Retrieved
3992:
3983:
3942:
3937:
3926:. Retrieved
3919:the original
3906:
3897:
3883:
3877:
3868:
3854:
3848:
3839:
3825:
3819:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3760:
3755:
3740:
3735:
3723:. Retrieved
3709:
3698:. Retrieved
3690:Lew Rockwell
3680:
3668:. Retrieved
3654:
3642:. Retrieved
3628:
3620:
3615:
3607:
3601:. Retrieved
3592:
3583:
3567:
3562:
3546:
3541:
3525:
3521:
3505:
3500:
3488:. Retrieved
3474:
3463:. Retrieved
3449:
3437:. Retrieved
3423:
3411:. Retrieved
3397:
3372:
3359:. Retrieved
3350:
3327:
3320:
3304:
3299:
3287:. Retrieved
3278:
3269:
3261:
3257:
3241:
3236:
3224:. Retrieved
3213:
3205:
3193:. Retrieved
3183:
3177:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3143:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3110:
3098:
3086:
3074:. Retrieved
3070:the original
3060:
3052:
3036:
3019:
3014:
2994:
2986:
2978:
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2830:
2822:
2818:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2780:
2776:
2761:
2756:
2745:. Retrieved
2731:
2715:
2707:
2696:. Retrieved
2681:
2671:
2650:cite journal
2639:. Retrieved
2606:
2582:Real freedom
2559:
2550:Independence
2503:
2489:
2475:
2460:
2411:
2392:
2374:
2366:
2344:
2335:
2321:
2250:
1885:
1875:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1835:
1825:
1815:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1568:Jones (Elin)
1473:Flynn (Paul)
1433:Clarke (Tom)
1428:Clark (Katy)
1373:Adams (John)
1194:Philosophers
971:Civic virtue
933:Part of the
920:libertarians
913:
908:libertarians
903:
901:
869:
867:
847:conservatism
836:
828:
794:Libertarians
790:Progressives
783:
778:
766:
764:
741:
736:Liberty Bell
712:
692:
675:civil rights
607:
582:October 2022
579:
574:Editing help
556:
519:
517:
509:Nature's God
465:The Republic
463:
445:
435:
406:
366:
343:
340:
327:
294:exercise of
269:
262:
257:
252:
245:
236:
230:
219:
214:
206:
184:
154:Proto-Italic
145:
133:
111:
110:
92:
72:
66:October 2022
63:
40:
8051:LGBT rights
7784:Nationality
7774:LGBT rights
7395:(1835â1840)
7275:(c. 350 BC)
7265:(c. 375 BC)
6882:Tocqueville
6847:Saint-Simon
6812:Montesquieu
6663:Bolingbroke
6595:Machiavelli
6475:Ibn Khaldun
6440:Alpharabius
6433:Middle Ages
6258:Natural law
6233:Common good
6158:Nationalism
6118:Imperialism
6088:Corporatism
6063:Colonialism
6043:Agrarianism
6022:Technocracy
6002:Meritocracy
5982:Bureaucracy
5972:Aristocracy
5498:(c. 322 BC)
5364:Kierkegaard
5183:Stewardship
4960:Rousseauian
4877:Rationalism
4789:Cognitivism
4736:Programming
4711:Meat eating
4684:Engineering
4369:Information
4334:Family life
4304:Association
3545:John Gray,
2959:Amartya Sen
2422:nationalism
2340:Machiavelli
2201:Common good
2141:New Zealand
2136:Netherlands
1881:(1835â1840)
1851:(1787â1788)
1761:(c. 375 BC)
1683:Robespierre
1458:Etherington
1393:Benn (Tony)
1362:Politicians
1340:Tocqueville
1300:Montesquieu
1280:Machiavelli
1026:Rule of law
1021:Res publica
684:1772 â the
669:1689 â the
650:Magna Carta
623:1100 â the
598:Magna Carta
513:ideal state
497:Montesquieu
474:sovereignty
389:egalitarian
169:hâlĂ©wdÊ°eros
141:rule of law
137:responsible
8082:Categories
7789:Personhood
7603:Separatism
7411:On Liberty
7311:The Prince
7040:Huntington
6543:Campanella
6470:al-Ghazali
6419:Thucydides
6377:Lactantius
6322:Statolatry
6148:Monarchism
6128:Liberalism
6053:Capitalism
6036:Ideologies
6017:Plutocracy
5965:Government
5921:Revolution
5906:Propaganda
5856:Legitimacy
5831:Government
5394:Bonhoeffer
5103:Immorality
5046:Eudaimonia
5006:Conscience
5001:Compassion
4887:Skepticism
4882:Relativism
4799:Naturalism
4779:Absolutism
4751:Technology
4601:Deontology
4329:Fair trial
4003:2019-10-16
3928:2022-11-18
3700:2016-03-22
3603:2014-05-20
3465:2022-05-16
3168:On Liberty
3144:On Liberty
3103:Breay 2010
3053:On Liberty
2747:2018-07-29
2698:2024-08-30
2641:2023-06-02
2599:References
2490:On Liberty
2462:Government
2456:John Locke
2428:anarchist
2424:. For the
2418:capitalism
2336:liber homo
2334:, to be a
2241:Monarchism
2231:Liberalism
2226:Jacobinism
1916:Gaáčasaáč
gha
1771:(54â51 BC)
1255:Harrington
1132:Democratic
1122:Capitalist
1117:Autonomous
1099:Venizelism
1084:Khomeinism
890:Minarchism
864:Liberalism
858:Liberalism
853:Ideologies
808:, and the
771:, Justice
756:Dred Scott
694:On Liberty
608:Timeline:
521:On Liberty
456:John Locke
264:On Liberty
247:John Locke
193:Philosophy
50:improve it
8113:Free will
7769:Legal aid
7321:Leviathan
7301:Monarchia
7295:(c. 1274)
7130:Oakeshott
7075:Mansfield
7070:Luxemburg
7055:Kropotkin
6950:Bernstein
6903:centuries
6817:Nietzsche
6760:Jefferson
6688:Condorcet
6636:centuries
6615:Pufendorf
6480:Marsilius
6367:Confucius
6352:Aristotle
6345:Antiquity
6273:Noble lie
6193:Third Way
6188:Socialism
6113:Feudalism
6068:Communism
6048:Anarchism
6027:Theocracy
6012:Oligarchy
5992:Democracy
5977:Autocracy
5891:Pluralism
5876:Obedience
5841:Hierarchy
5801:Authority
5655:Casuistry
5567:Either/Or
5474:Korsgaard
5469:Azurmendi
5434:MacIntyre
5374:Nietzsche
5304:Augustine
5299:Confucius
5279:Aristotle
5255:Ethicists
5213:Intrinsic
5178:Suffering
5088:Happiness
5061:Free will
5041:Etiquette
4986:Authority
4930:Epicurean
4925:Confucian
4920:Christian
4855:Emotivism
4679:Discourse
4616:Pragmatic
4588:Normative
4495:Anarchism
4429:Sexuality
4324:Education
4283:Political
4237:Free will
3969:cite book
3961:707965867
3226:16 August
3195:16 August
3076:17 August
2885:158916040
2535:Free will
2420:, and of
2414:authority
2408:Anarchism
2402:Anarchism
2377:Karl Marx
2363:Socialism
2357:Socialism
2351:Leviathan
2096:Australia
1728:Venizelos
1718:Spadolini
1708:Slaughter
1653:McDonnell
1618:Mackenzie
1563:Jefferson
1518:Griffiths
1498:de Gaulle
1493:Garibaldi
1453:Drakeford
1345:Warburton
1265:Jefferson
1260:Honderich
1240:Condorcet
1127:Christian
1089:Nasserism
1064:Classical
981:Democracy
839:overthrew
780:Congress.
408:Roman law
381:tolerance
350:religions
323:Aristotle
296:authority
292:arbitrary
238:Leviathan
216:governed.
54:verifying
8031:Abortion
7869:Suffrage
7576:Centrism
7271:Politics
7261:Republic
7230:Voegelin
7210:Spengler
7195:Shariati
7170:Rothbard
7125:Nussbaum
7025:Habermas
7000:Fukuyama
6990:Foucault
6915:Ambedkar
6892:Voltaire
6862:de Staël
6837:Rousseau
6718:Franklin
6693:Constant
6653:Beccaria
6485:Muhammad
6465:Gelasius
6450:Averroes
6424:Xenophon
6404:Polybius
6357:Chanakya
6202:Concepts
6168:Populism
6138:Localism
6123:Islamism
6108:Feminism
6007:Monarchy
5911:Property
5901:Progress
5866:Monopoly
5836:Hegemony
5745:Category
5685:Ideology
5650:Axiology
5479:Nussbaum
5429:Frankena
5424:Anscombe
5414:Williams
5369:Sidgwick
5289:Valluvar
5284:Diogenes
5269:Socrates
5193:Theodicy
5188:Sympathy
5153:Pacifism
5143:Morality
5056:Fidelity
5036:Equality
4991:Autonomy
4979:Concepts
4940:Feminist
4915:Buddhist
4845:Nihilism
4784:Axiology
4741:Research
4674:Computer
4669:Business
4500:Autonomy
4468:See also
4409:Religion
4399:Property
4384:Movement
4299:Assembly
4292:By right
4273:Internet
4263:Economic
4253:Academic
4205:Libertas
4183:Concepts
4023:(2010).
3997:Archived
3719:Archived
3694:Archived
3664:Archived
3638:Archived
3597:Archived
3484:Archived
3459:Archived
3433:Archived
3407:Archived
3361:17 March
3355:Archived
3283:Archived
3220:Archived
3189:Archived
3120:Archived
3045:Archived
2961:(1997).
2741:Archived
2718:, 2016,
2679:(2008).
2635:Archived
2520:Autonomy
2513:See also
2501:(1874).
2487:(1859).
2473:(1850).
2458:(1689).
2443:negative
2434:positive
2166:Scotland
2106:Barbados
1757:Republic
1673:Prescott
1643:Naysmith
1633:McKechin
1593:La Malfa
1588:Khomeini
1548:Iorwerth
1513:Griffith
1488:Gambetta
1483:Galloway
1468:Ferguson
1448:Davidson
1443:Cromwell
1438:Connolly
1418:Campbell
1335:Sunstein
1320:Rousseau
1315:Polybius
1250:Franklin
1230:Chappell
1225:Cattaneo
1162:People's
1147:Imperial
1079:Kemalism
1016:Republic
950:Concepts
786:Liberals
485:reasoned
460:Rousseau
438:(1792),
416:nobility
385:equality
321:Bust of
302:Politics
290:and the
234:â
176:hâlewdÊ°-
159:louĂ°eros
7779:Liberty
7613:Statism
7526:Elitism
7484:Related
7285:(51 BC)
7215:Strauss
7190:Scruton
7185:Schmitt
7175:Russell
7095:Michels
7090:Maurras
7085:Marcuse
7045:Kautsky
7015:Gramsci
7010:Gentile
6980:Dworkin
6970:Du Bois
6965:Dmowski
6960:Chomsky
6955:Burnham
6940:Benoist
6910:Agamben
6877:Thoreau
6867:Stirner
6857:Spencer
6802:Mazzini
6792:Maistre
6787:Madison
6782:Le Play
6713:Fourier
6678:Carlyle
6658:Bentham
6648:Bastiat
6643:Bakunin
6620:Spinoza
6610:MĂŒntzer
6580:Leibniz
6553:Grotius
6533:Bossuet
6500:Plethon
6445:Aquinas
6414:Sun Tzu
6382:Mencius
6372:Han Fei
6143:Marxism
6103:Fascism
5936:Society
5861:Liberty
5846:Justice
5826:Freedom
5643:Related
5389:Tillich
5354:Bentham
5329:Spinoza
5324:Aquinas
5309:Mencius
5223:Western
5198:Torture
5163:Precept
5118:Loyalty
5113:Liberty
5108:Justice
5021:Dignity
5011:Consent
4955:Kantian
4945:Islamic
4908:Schools
4794:Realism
4726:Nursing
4721:Medical
4706:Machine
4646:Applied
4444:Thought
4434:Silence
4404:Protest
4394:Privacy
4359:Housing
4246:By type
4176:Liberty
4139:Liberty
4127:Liberty
4097:Liberty
3899:wealth.
3725:4 March
3670:4 March
3644:4 March
3490:May 16,
3439:May 16,
3413:May 16,
3289:22 July
3126:23 June
2476:The Law
2389:Marxism
2383:Marxism
2131:Morocco
2121:Jamaica
2116:Ireland
2101:Bahamas
1903:History
1723:Taverne
1698:Skinner
1678:Ritchie
1623:Madison
1603:Lincoln
1553:Jackson
1543:Huppert
1538:Hopkins
1463:Fabiani
1423:Chapman
1408:BolĂvar
1398:Bennett
1388:Bartley
1378:AtatĂŒrk
1290:Mazzini
1285:Madison
1215:Bentham
1205:Baggini
1172:Secular
1152:Islamic
1137:Federal
1074:Federal
1058:Schools
711:1958 â
648:1215 â
630:1166 â
476:and of
377:freedom
367:In the
362:slavery
313:History
288:tyranny
183:" and "
172:, from
162:, from
152:, from
112:Liberty
48:Please
8018:Sexual
7475:(1992)
7465:(1971)
7455:(1951)
7445:(1945)
7435:(1944)
7425:(1929)
7415:(1859)
7405:(1848)
7385:(1820)
7375:(1791)
7365:(1790)
7355:(1762)
7345:(1748)
7335:(1689)
7325:(1651)
7315:(1532)
7305:(1313)
7235:Walzer
7225:Taylor
7180:Sartre
7145:Popper
7140:Pareto
7135:Ortega
7120:Nozick
7110:Mouffe
7060:Laclau
7020:Guénon
7005:Gandhi
6945:Berlin
6935:Bauman
6930:Badiou
6920:Arendt
6887:Tucker
6777:Le Bon
6738:Herder
6728:Haller
6723:Godwin
6708:Fichte
6703:Engels
6698:Cortés
6668:Bonald
6625:SuĂĄrez
6600:Milton
6590:Luther
6563:Hobbes
6548:Filmer
6538:Calvin
6523:Boétie
6516:period
6495:Ockham
6362:Cicero
6163:Nazism
5951:Utopia
5926:Rights
5916:Regime
5886:People
5871:Nation
5634:(1984)
5626:(1981)
5618:(1979)
5610:(1971)
5602:(1903)
5594:(1887)
5586:(1874)
5578:(1861)
5570:(1843)
5562:(1820)
5554:(1788)
5546:(1785)
5538:(1780)
5530:(1759)
5522:(1740)
5514:(1726)
5506:(1677)
5464:Taylor
5449:Parfit
5444:Singer
5419:Mackie
5294:Cicero
5235:Virtue
5168:Rights
5093:Honour
4950:Jewish
4746:Sexual
4654:Animal
4636:Virtue
4580:Ethics
4439:Speech
4419:Resist
4414:Repair
4354:Health
4314:Choice
4309:Asylum
4222:Rights
4094:about
4074:
4053:
4031:
3959:
3949:
3890:
3861:
3832:
3783:, 1997
3767:
3747:
3574:
3553:
3532:
3512:
3385:
3335:
3311:
3248:
3028:
3005:Helots
2988:Indica
2983:Arrian
2969:
2945:
2917:
2883:
2873:
2810:
2797:p. 134
2768:
2722:
2689:
2627:
2369:agency
2332:Digest
2156:Sweden
2146:Norway
2111:Canada
1891:(1963)
1871:(1794)
1861:(1791)
1841:(1762)
1831:(1755)
1821:(1748)
1811:(1698)
1801:(1656)
1791:(1649)
1781:(1531)
1733:Wilson
1703:Slater
1693:Skates
1648:Mannin
1638:Mullin
1613:Mackay
1578:JuĂĄrez
1533:HĂ©bert
1528:Hatton
1523:Harvie
1413:Burgon
1330:Sidney
1325:Sandel
1310:Pettit
1235:Cicero
1200:Arendt
1182:Soviet
1177:Sister
1069:Modern
896:, and
833:(1830)
816:France
804:, the
557:is in
505:Nature
470:rights
452:Hobbes
393:Edicts
383:, and
7624:Index
7253:Works
7240:Weber
7205:Spann
7200:Sorel
7165:Röpke
7160:Rawls
7115:Negri
7105:Mosca
7100:Mises
7065:Lenin
7035:Hoppe
7030:Hayek
6995:Fromm
6985:Evola
6975:Dugin
6872:Taine
6852:Smith
6832:Renan
6827:Paine
6748:Iqbal
6733:Hegel
6683:Comte
6673:Burke
6585:Locke
6575:James
6528:Bodin
6460:Dante
6455:Bruni
6409:Shang
6392:Plato
5946:State
5896:Power
5881:Peace
5816:Elite
5794:Terms
5726:Index
5488:Works
5459:Adams
5454:Nagel
5409:Dewey
5404:Rawls
5384:Barth
5379:Moore
5344:Hegel
5319:Xunzi
5274:Plato
5264:Laozi
5245:Wrong
5218:Japan
5208:Value
5203:Trust
5098:Ideal
4965:Stoic
4716:Media
4701:Legal
4454:Truth
4389:Press
4319:Death
4258:Civil
3922:(PDF)
3915:(PDF)
3870:work.
2997:India
2881:S2CID
2171:Wales
2151:Spain
2126:Japan
1713:Smith
1688:Sayed
1668:Pound
1663:Nehru
1658:Nandy
1628:Magid
1608:Lucas
1598:Lewis
1508:Grévy
1503:Greer
1403:Black
1383:Azaña
1305:Paine
1275:Locke
1245:Crick
1220:Bodin
1210:Bello
1111:Types
717:, by
563:prose
487:that
174:*
167:*
157:*
149:liber
7155:Rand
7150:Qutb
7050:Kirk
6925:Aron
6842:Sade
6822:Owen
6807:Mill
6797:Marx
6765:Kant
6743:Hume
6605:More
6505:Wang
6387:Mozi
5811:Duty
5439:Hare
5399:Foot
5359:Mill
5339:Kant
5334:Hume
5314:Mozi
5230:Vice
5148:Norm
5076:Evil
5071:Good
5031:Duty
4771:Meta
4694:Land
4621:Role
4606:Care
4374:Life
4344:Food
4072:ISBN
4051:ISBN
4029:ISBN
3975:link
3957:OCLC
3947:ISBN
3888:ISBN
3859:ISBN
3830:ISBN
3765:ISBN
3745:ISBN
3727:2022
3672:2022
3646:2022
3572:ISBN
3551:ISBN
3530:ISBN
3510:ISBN
3492:2022
3441:2022
3415:2022
3383:ISBN
3363:2015
3333:ISBN
3309:ISBN
3291:2009
3246:ISBN
3228:2015
3197:2015
3128:2015
3078:2015
3026:ISBN
2967:ISBN
2943:ISBN
2915:ISBN
2871:ISBN
2808:ISBN
2766:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2687:ISBN
2663:help
2625:ISBN
1738:Wood
1583:Kane
1295:Mill
1270:Kant
750:to "
734:The
559:list
507:and
493:king
458:and
446:The
352:and
282:and
8020:and
7220:Sun
7080:Mao
5956:War
5851:Law
5240:Vow
4970:Tao
4664:Bio
4349:Gun
2863:doi
2617:doi
1558:Jay
518:In
489:law
434:In
395:of
371:of
274:",
189:".
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3606:.
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