1543:. The granting of a 100-acre (40 ha) lease to Richard Armstrong in 1878 drew complaints, and a few short-term leases ("permissive occupancies") were granted. In 1913, with the appointment of a board of control, permissive occupancies were revoked and the board itself given permissive occupancy of the island. Then the Lord Howe Island Act 1953 made all land the property of the Crown. Direct descendants of islanders with permissive occupancies in 1913 were granted perpetual leases on blocks up to five acres (2.0 ha) for residential purposes. Short-term special leases were granted for larger areas used for agriculture, so in 1955, 55 perpetual leases and 43 special leases were granted. The 1981 amendment to the act extended political and land rights to all residents of 10 years or more. An active debate exists concerning the proportion of residents with tenure and the degree of influence on the board of resident islanders about long-term planning for visitors, and issues relating to the environment, amenities, and global heritage.
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1525:. In 1981, the Lord Howe Island Amendment Act gave islanders the administrative power of three members on a five-member board. The board also manages the Lord Howe Island kentia palm nursery, which together with tourism, provides the island's only source of external income. Under an amendment bill in 2004, the board now comprises seven members, four of whom are elected from the islander community, thus giving about 350 permanent residents a high level of autonomy. The remaining three members are appointed by the minister to represent the interests of business, tourism, and conservation. The full board meets on the island every three months, while the day-to-day affairs of the island are managed by the board's administration, with a permanent staff that had increased to 22 people by 1988.
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967:, in her return, landed at the island she in going out, and all were very agreeably surprised to find great numbers of a fine turtle on the beach and, on the land amongst the trees, great numbers of fowls very like a guinea hen, and another species of fowl not unlike the landrail in England, and all so perfectly tame that you could frequently take hold of them with your hands but could, at all times, knock down as many as you thought proper, with a short stick. Inside the reef also there were fish innumerable, which were so easily taken with a hook and line as to be able to catch a boat full in a short time. She brought thirteen large turtles to Port Jackson and many were distributed among the camp and fleet."
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1811:), which grows naturally in the lowlands, was found to be ideally suited to the fashionable conservatories of the well-to-do in Britain, Europe, and the United States. The assistance of mainland magistrate, Frank Farnell, was needed to put the business on a sound commercial footing when in 1906, he became company director of the Lord Howe Island Kentia Palm Nursery, whose shareholders included 21 islanders and a Sydney-based seed company. However, the formation of the Lord Howe Island Board of Control was needed in 1913 to resolve outstanding issues.
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1116:, a small cutter, became the first regular trading vessel. Between 1839 and 1859, five to 12 ships made landfall each year, occasionally closer to 20, with seven or eight at a time laying off the reef. In 1842 and 1844, the first children were born on the island. Then in 1847, Poole, Dawson, and Foulis, bitter at failing to obtain a land lease from the New South Wales government, abandoned the settlement although three of their employees remained. One family, the Andrews, after finding some
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Gulch, 20-minute return, 300 m (330 yd); Malabar Hill and Kims
Lookout, 3 or 5-hour return, 7 km (4.3 mi) and—in the south: Goat House Cave, 5-hour return, 6 km (3.7 mi); Mount Gower, 8-hour return, 14 km (8.7 mi); Rocky Run and Boat Harbour; Intermediate Hill, 45-minute return, 1 km (0.62 mi); and Little Island, 40-minute return, 3 km (1.9 mi). Recreational climbers must obtain permission from the Lord Howe Island Board.
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the
Government Printing Office took the earliest known photographs of the island and its residents. A full account of the island appeared in the report from this visit, which recommended that Armstrong be replaced. Meanwhile, the population had increased considerably and included 29 children; the report recommended that a schoolmaster be appointed. This study sealed a lasting relationship with three scientific organisations, the Australian Museum, Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens, and
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tolerate low light, a dry atmosphere, and lowish temperatures — ideal for indoor conditions, particularly in higher-end venues such as hotel lobbies, galleries and large foyers where their high price (thanks to their relative rarity) is no disincentive to their use. Up until the 1980s, the palms were only sold as seed but from then onwards only as high-quality seedlings. The nursery received certification in 1997 for its high-quality management complying with the requirements of
72:
4379:. This has been followed by weeding tours and the formation of the Friends of Lord Howe Island group in 2000. Programs have also been started to remove weeds from private properties and re-vegetate some formerly cultivated areas. An environmental unit was created by the board and it includes a flora management officer and a permanent weed officer. Weeds have been mapped and an eradication program is in place, supported by improved education and quarantine procedures.
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3688:, is the only surviving member of its genus; its ancestors could fly, but with no predators and plenty of food on the island, this ability was lost. This made it easy prey for islanders and feral animals, so by the 1970s, the population was less than 30 birds. From 1978 to 1984, feral animals were removed and birds were raised in captivity to be successfully reintroduced to the wild. The population is now relatively safe and stable.
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minimum temperatures around 13 °C (55 °F) and no frost. Average maximum temperatures range from 17–20 °C (63–68 °F) in the winter to 24–27 °C (75–81 °F) in the summer. The humidity averages in the 60–70% range year-round, becoming more noticeable on warmer summer days than in the cooler winter months.
3358:) has spectacular teepee-like prop roots and pineapple-like fruits that are orange-red when mature, the tough leaves being used for basketry. It occurs in damp areas such as creek beds, and fine specimens can be seen along the Boat Harbour track. Ten species of orchids are on the island, the most noticeable being the bush orchid (
1207:. When his first wife Botanga died, he then married Bogue. Thompson was the first resident to build a substantial house in the 1860s from mainland cedar washed up on the beach. Most of the residents with island ancestors have blood relations or are connected by marriage to Thompson and his second wife Bogue.
656:. On the return journey, Ball sent a party ashore on Lord Howe Island to claim it as a British possession. It subsequently became a provisioning port for the whaling industry, and was permanently settled in June 1834. When whaling declined, the 1880s saw the beginning of the worldwide export of the endemic
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return to the island at dusk each day. From the Little Island Track between March and
November, one of the world's rarest birds, the providence petrel, also performs courtship displays during winter breeding, and it is extremely tame. The island was its only breeding location for many years after the
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The palms are the signature plants of the island as the kentia and curly palms especially dominate the landscape in many places, the kentia being of special economic importance. All four species are endemic to the island, often occurring in dense, pure stands, the one that has proved such a worldwide
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Plant communities have been classified into nine categories: lowland subtropical rainforest, submontane rainforest, cloud-forest and scrub, lowland swamp forest, mangrove scrub and seagrass, coastal scrub and cliff vegetation, inland scrub and herbland, offshore island vegetation, shoreline and beach
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Tourist accommodation ranges from luxury lodges to apartments and villa units. The currency is the
Australian dollar, and there are two banks. No camping facilities are on the island and remote-area camping is not permitted. To protect the fragile environment of Ball's Pyramid (which carries the last
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With fewer than 800 people on the island at any time, facilities are limited; they include a bakery, butcher, general store, liquor store, restaurants, post office, museum, and information centre, a police officer, a ranger, and an ATM at the bowling club. Stores are shipped to the island fortnightly
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The island was due to be declared rodent-free in
October 2021, two years after the last live rat was found, but a living male and pregnant female were discovered in April 2021. The eradication, contrary to many community reservations, has seen birds, insects, and plants flourish at levels not seen in
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The Lord Howe Island Board instigated an extensive biological and environmental survey (published in 1974), which has guided the island conservation program. In 1981, the Lord Howe Island
Amendment Act proclaimed a "Permanent Park Preserve" over the north and south ends of the island. Administration
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About 10% of Lord Howe Island's forests have been cleared for agriculture, and another 20% has been disturbed, mostly by domestic cattle and feral sheep, goats, and pigs. As a result, 70% of the island remains relatively untouched, with a variety of plants and animals, many of which are endemic, and
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In general, the summers are warm and humid with erratic rainfall, but occasionally heavy, while in winter it is very mild with rainfall more or less uniform. There is a gradual transition from summer to winter conditions and vice versa. Winds are frequent and salt-laden, being moderate easterlies in
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The Lord Howe Island Group of islands comprises 28 islands, islets, and rocks. Apart from Lord Howe Island itself, the most notable of these is the pointed rocky islet Balls
Pyramid, a 551 m-high (1,808 ft) eroded volcano about 23 km (14 mi) to the southeast, which is uninhabited
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on mainland
Australia, where crews would abandon their ships, preferring to dig for gold than risk their lives at sea. As a consequence, many vessels avoided the mainland and Lord Howe Island experienced an increasing trade, which peaked between 1855 and 1857. In 1851, about 16 people were living on
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and commanded by
Captain John Blinkenthorpe, landed at what is now known as Blinky Beach. They left three men, George Ashdown, James Bishop, and Chapman, who was employed by a Sydney whaling firm to establish a supply station. The men were initially to provide meat by fishing and by raising pigs and
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The island was subsequently visited by many governments and whaling ships sailing between New South Wales and
Norfolk Island and across the Pacific, including many from the American whaling fleet, so its reputation as a provisioning port preceded settlement, with some ships leaving goats and pigs on
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The kentia palm (known locally as the thatch palm, as it was used to roof the houses of the early settlers) is popular worldwide as a decorative palm that grows well both outdoors (in sufficiently warm climates) and indoors; the mild climate of the island has led to the evolution of a palm that can
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was sent from the mainland in April 1882 to investigate the situation. With Wilson was a team of scientists who included H. Wilkinson from the Mines Department, W. Condor from the Survey Department, J. Duff from the Sydney Botanical Gardens, and A. Morton from the Australian Museum. J. Sharkey from
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their stores of water, wood, vegetables, meat, fish, and bird feathers for clothes, tea, sugar, tools, tobacco, and other commodities not available on the island, but it was the whalers' valuation that had to be accepted. These first settlers eventually left the island when they were bought out for
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announced that the Australian and New South Wales governments would each contribute 50% of the estimated A$ 9 million cost of implementing a rodent eradication plan for the island, using the aerial deployment of poison baits. The plan was put to a local vote and is considered controversial. Around
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to the island. With a diversity of conditions ranging from valleys to ridges, plains, and misty mountain tops, habitat is available for a wide range of plant communities, which have been comprehensively analysed and mapped. Many of the island's unique plants grow on or around the mountain summits,
2299:(rounded 'bombs'). Offshore on the Lord Howe Rise, water depths reach 2,000 m (6,600 ft) falling to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) to the west of the rise. From the dimensions of the rock on which the island stands, the island has been calculated to erode to 1/40th of its original size.
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Seed is gathered from both natural forests and plantations, most collectors being descendants of the original settlers. The seed is then germinated in soilless media and sealed from the atmosphere to prevent contamination. After testing, seedlings are picked, washed (bare-rooted), sanitized, and
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From 1860 to 1872, 43 ships had collected provisions, but from 1873 to 1887, fewer than a dozen had done so. This prompted some activity from the mainland. In 1876, a government report on the island was submitted by surveyor William Fitzgerald based on a visit in the same year. He suggested that
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overruled a recommendation from his department to install two wind turbines. The project, which would have substantially reduced the island's dependence on diesel-powered electricity generators, had been considered not to endanger the island's heritage status and was supported by the islanders.
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Pigs and goats were released on the island as potential food sources in the early 1800s; the goats destroyed shrubs and grasses used as nesting sites and the pigs ate eggs and chicks and disturbed the land by rooting for food. Several birds have become extinct on the island since the arrival of
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at Ned's Beach is very popular. Walking tracks cover the island with difficulty graded from 1–5, they include—in the north: Transit Hill 2-hour return, 2 km (1.2 mi); Clear Place, 1– to 2-hour return; Stevens Reserve; North Bay, 4-hour return, 4 km (2.5 mi); Mount Eliza; Old
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As at the 2016 census, the resident population was 382 people, and the number of tourists was not allowed to exceed 400. Early settlers were European and American whalers and many of their offspring have remained on the island for more than six generations. Residents now work in the kentia palm
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was already catching world attention. In 1878, the island was declared a forest reserve and Captain Richard Armstrong became the first resident government administrator. He encouraged schools, tree-planting, and the palm trade, dynamited the north passage to the lagoon, and built roads. He also
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Storms and occasional cyclones also affect the island. Rainfall records are maintained in the north, where rainfall is less than in the frequently cloud-shrouded mountains of the south. Wide variations in rainfall can occur from year to year. July and August are the coldest months with average
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until it passed to New South Wales in 1855, although, until at least 1876, the islanders lived in "a relatively harmonious and self-regulating community". In 1878, Richard Armstrong was appointed administrator when the NSW Parliament declared the island a forest reserve, but as a result of ill
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lagoon. Most of the population lives in the north, while the south is dominated by forested hills rising to the highest point on the island, Mount Gower (875 m, 2,871 ft). The Lord Howe Island Group comprises 28 islands, islets, and rocks. Apart from Lord Howe Island itself, the most
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from present-day Transit Hill). After his removal, the island was administered by four successive magistrates until 1913, when a Sydney-based board was formed; in 1948, a resident superintendent was appointed. In 1913, the three-man Lord Howe Island Board of Control was established, mostly to
2082:, and about 772 km (480 mi) from Norfolk Island to its northeast. The island is about 10 km (6.2 mi) long and between 0.3 and 2.0 km (0.19 and 1.24 mi) wide with an area of 14.55 km (5.62 sq mi). Along the west coast is a semienclosed, sheltered
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on the roof and sides with palm leaves. Around this time, a downturn of trade began with the demise of the whaling industry, and sometimes six to 12 months passed without a vessel calling. The older families lost interest in market gardening with the provisions rotting in the storehouses.
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The Lord Howe Islands Group was inscribed on the World Heritage List for its unique landforms and biota, its diverse and largely intact ecosystems, its natural beauty, and its habitats for threatened species. It also has significant cultural heritage associations in the history of NSW.
3430:), which occurs on slightly higher ground, has upwardly directed leaflets and solitary 'hands'. Natural hybrids between these species occur on the island and a mature specimen of one is growing in the island nursery. On the mountain sides higher than about 350 m, the big mountain palm (
5233:"Arthur Bowes-Smyth, illustrated journal, 1787–1789. Titled 'A Journal of a Voyage from Portsmouth to New South Wales and China in the Lady Penrhyn, Merchantman William Cropton Sever, Commander by Arthur Bowes-Smyth, Surgeon – 1787-1788-1789'; being a fair copy compiled ca 1790"
809:
Atholl Anderson concluded in 2003 that, "the case for no pre-European settlement on Lord Howe Island is now more compelling than before" and that "the absence of pre-European settlement on Lord Howe Island is not easily explained. At 16 km (6¼ sq. mi.) it is twice the size of
606:. It is about 10 km (6.2 mi) long and between 0.3 and 2.0 km (0.19 and 1.24 mi) wide with an area of 14.55 km (3,600 acres), though just 3.98 km (980 acres) of that comprise the low-lying developed part of the island. The island is named after
2167:, which is 3,000 km (1,900 mi) long and 300 km (190 mi) wide extending from New Zealand to the west of New Caledonia and consisting of continental rocks that separated from the Australian plate 60 to 80 million years ago to form a new crust in the deep
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Two periods of volcanic activity produced the major features of the island. The first about 6.9 million years (Mya) ago produced the northern and central hills, while the younger and highly eroded Mount Gower and Mount Lidgbird were produced about 6.3 Mya by successive
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the island. Vegetable crops now included potatoes, carrots, maize, pumpkin, taro, watermelon, and even grapes, passionfruit, and coffee. Between 1851 and 1853, several aborted proposals were made by the NSW government to establish a penal settlement on the island.
1230:, which was the first local vessel to trade with Sydney (mainly pigs and onions). It anchored in deep water at what is now Sylph's Hole off Old Settlement Beach but was eventually tragically lost at sea in 1873, which added to the woes of the island at that time.
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were most severely hunted among these, hence the area was called the Middle Ground by whalers. These two were likely once seasonal residents around the island, where right whales prefer sheltered, very shallow bays, while sperm whales mainly inhabit deep waters.
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4297:, which were eliminated by visitors and settlers during the 19th century, either from overhunting for food or protection of crops. Black rats were released from provisioning whaling ships in the 1840s and mice from Norfolk Island in 1860. In 1918, the
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Bushwalking, natural history tours, talks, and guided walks take place along the many tracks, the most challenging being the eight-hour guided hike to the top of Mount Gower. The island has 11 beaches, and hand-feeding the 1 m-long (3 ft)
2120:. In the north, where most of the population lives, high points are Malabar (209 m (686 ft)) and Mount Eliza (147 m (482 ft)). Between these two uplands is an area of cleared lowland with some farming, an airstrip, and housing.
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churches, the religious affiliations on the island being 30% Anglican, 22% no religion, 18% Catholic and 12% Seventh Day Adventist. The ratio of the sexes is roughly equal, with 47% of the population in the age group 25–54 and 92% holding
4325:, as well as the destruction of the native phasmid and the decimation of palm fruits. Bounties were offered for rats and pig tails and 'ratting' became a popular pursuit. Subsequent poisoning programs have kept populations low. The
1203:, captained by Ichabod Handy. George Campbell (who died in 1856) and Jack Brian (who left the island in 1854) arrived, and the third, Nathan Thompson, brought three women (called Botanga, Bogoroo, and a girl named Bogue) from the
2334:) which is not closely related to any living kind of turtle. The crescent of the island protects a coral reef and lagoon; the barrier reef, at 31°30'S, is the most southerly in the world. Beach sands, rather than consisting of
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certified, then packed and sealed into insulated containers for export. Nursery profits, in turn, are used in projects that enhance the island's ecosystems. The nursery plans to expand the business to include the curly palm (
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230 woodhens were captured before the rodent eradication commenced in early 2019. Following the successful eradication of the rodents, all woodhens and currawongs were released across the island in late 2019 and early 2020.
1804:
was Ned King, a mountain guide for the Fitzgerald surveys of 1869 and 1876, who sent seed to the Sydney Botanic Gardens. Overseas trade began in the 1880s, when one of the four palms endemic to the island, the kentia palm
3257:, of which 25 are endemic: they are most abundant in the moist environments of the southern island, especially the higher parts of Mount Gower, perhaps the most apparent being the four endemic tree ferns in the genus
5884:
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were very abundant in the island waters but were severely reduced in numbers to near-extinction by commercial and illegal hunts, including the mass illegal hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in the 1960s to 1970s.
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the island as food for future visitors. Between July and October 1791, the Third Fleet ships arrived at Sydney and within days, the deck work was being reconstructed for a future in the lucrative whaling industry.
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from Port Macquarie. The island has a small four-bed hospital and dispensary. A small botanic garden displays labelled local plants in its grounds. Most electricity is supplied by 1.3 MW solar power and 3.7 MWh
9235:
10229:
Anderson, Tara J.; Nichol, Scott L.; Syms, Craig; Przeslawski, Rachel; Harris, Peter T. (2010). "Deep-sea bio-physical variables as surrogates for biological assemblages, an example from the Lord Howe Rise".
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occur in inaccessible areas and probably cannot be eradicated, but others are currently being managed. In 1995, the first action was taken to control the spread of introduced plants on the island, chiefly
4264:. This consists of a state marine park managed by the Marine Parks Authority of New South Wales in the waters out to three nautical miles around the island and including Ball's Pyramid. It also includes a
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3109:. In geological terms at 7 million years old, Lord Howe Island is relatively young and was never part of any continent, its flora and fauna colonising the island from across the sea, carried by the wind,
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between 130,000 and 20,000 years ago and cemented into stratified layers by water percolation. In this rock are fossils of bird bones and eggs, land and marine snails, and the extinct giant horned turtle
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4269:
1430:, a public health order was issued on 22 March 2020 that declared Lord Howe Island a public risk area and directed restricted access. As of that date there were no known cases of COVID-19 on the Island.
3368:) on lowland trees and rocks, bearing cream flowers from August to September. Other prominent flowering plants in the summer include, on the mountain slopes, the whiskery red flowers of mountain rose (
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industry, tourism, retail, some fishing, and farming. In 1876 on Sundays, games and labour were suspended, but no religious services were held. Nowadays, the area known locally as Church Paddock has
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the summer and fresh to strong westerlies in the winter. July is the windiest month, and the winter months are subject to frequent gales and strong winds. The island has 67.8 clear days, annually.
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are the only large whales showing slow but steady recoveries as their numbers annually migrating past the island of Lord Howe are much smaller than those migrating along the Australian continent.
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Since the rodent eradication program, researchers have observed an increase in the amount of growth and seeds, especially of the "larger, fleshy, fruited plants", previously eaten by rats. As the
2222:. Because detailed compositional analysis elsewhere has suggested that as well as individual compositional maturation with time within an individual seamount chain, there may be underlying shared
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Rogers, Angus; Flanigan, Michaela; Nebel, Oliver; Nebel-Jacobsen, Yona; Wang, Xueying; Arculus, Richard J.; Miller, Laura; Smith, Ian; Mather, Ben R.; Kendrick, Mark; O'Neill, Hugh St.C. (2023).
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No snakes nor poisonous or venomous animals or plants occur, and no dangerous daytime sharks are found off the beaches, although tiger sharks have been reported on the cliff side of the island.
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inhabit or migrate through the waters in the vicinity, but very little about their biology in the area is known due to a lack of studies and sighting efforts caused by locational conditions.
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1321:) was first exported to Britain, Europe, and America, but the trade was only placed on a firm financial footing when the Lord Howe Island Kentia Palm Nursery was formed in 1906 (see below).
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can be seen on the main island at Ned's and Middle Beaches, North Bay, and Blinkey Beach; the most numerous of the island's breeding seabirds, their eggs were formerly harvested for food.
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sources in such parallel chains, this issue has been examined with samples from Lord Howe Island. These samples share certain compositional analysis similarities with the volcanics from
4013:, while game fish include marlin, tuna, and giant kingfish called "greenbacks". Over 80 species of corals occur in the reefs surrounding the islands. Australian underwater photographer
1403:, a reef at Lord Howe Island, and almost sank. In recent times, tourism has increased and the government of New South Wales has been increasingly involved with issues of conservation.
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1028:, then south into Australian and New Zealand waters. The American fleet numbered 675 ships and Lord Howe was located in a region known as the Middle Ground noted for sperm whales and
737:, and the rich historical and cultural heritage. The Lord Howe Island Act 1981 established a "Permanent Park Preserve" (covering about 70% of the island). The island was added to the
6540:
5945:
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is an NSW Statutory Authority established under the Lord Howe Island Act 1953, to administer the island as part of the state of New South Wales. It reports directly to the state's
3967:), has also been affected by the introduction of rats. Once common, the species is now endangered and a captive-breeding program is underway to save the snail from extinction. An
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Hill, E S (1870). "Lord Howe Island – Official visit by the Water Police Magistrate and the Director of the Botanic Gardens, Sydney; together with a description of the island".
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values; the control of development; the administration of Crown Land, including the island's protected area; provision of community services and infrastructure; and regulating
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some of which are rare or threatened. Two species of plants, nine terrestrial birds, one bat, and at least four invertebrates have become extinct since 1778. Endemism at the
1923:. No public transport or mobile phone coverage is available, but public telephones, fax facilities, and internet access are, as well as a local radio station and newsletter,
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4333:, which were introduced in the 1920s in a failed attempt to control the rat population. Stray dogs are also a threat, as they could harm the native woodhen and other birds.
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Marine environments are near-pristine with a mixture of temperate, subtropical, and tropical species derived from cool-temperate ocean currents in the winter and the warm
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1348:. It was damaged there in an overnight storm, but repaired with the assistance of islanders and then took off successfully nine weeks later for a flight to Sydney. After
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2132:, a cluster of seven small, uninhabited islands. Just off the east coast is 4.5 ha (11 acres) Mutton Bird Island, and in the lagoon is the 2.4 ha (5.9 acres)
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wives and two Māori boys. Huts were built in an area now known as Old Settlement, which had a supply of fresh water, and a garden was established west of Blinky Beach.
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Environmental survey of Lord Howe Island : a report to the Lord Howe Island Board / edited by Harry F. Recher and Stephen S. Clark Lord Howe Island Board (N.S.W.)
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3168:. Island plants are similar to those of Norfolk Island, the two islands sharing some endemic species, for example, the critically endangered species of creeping vine
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growing on the vertical walls. Other diving sites are found off Ball's Pyramid, 26 km (16 mi) away, where trenches, caves, and volcanic drop-offs occur.
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on the beach in 1848, cultivated them as the "Lord Howe red onion", which was popular in the Southern Hemisphere for about 30 years until the crop was attacked by
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and sent a party ashore on Lord Howe Island to claim it as a British possession. Numerous turtles and tame birds were captured and returned to Sydney. Ball named
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Lord Howe Island and adjacent islets, Admiralty Islands, Mutton Bird Islands, Ball's Pyramid, and associated coral reefs and marine environs were added to the
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Lea, 1929) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Lord Howe Island wood-feeding cockroach was thought extirpated from the island until a small population was found.
805:. No evidence to suggest prehistoric human activity has ever been found on Lord Howe Island, even after an extensive archaeological investigation in 1996. In
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3351:) is a remarkable tree with a buttressed trunk and pendulous aerial roots; it can be seen on the track to Clear Place and near Ned's Beach. Pandanus tree (
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350 in September 1841 by businessmen Owen Poole and Richard Dawson (later joined by John Foulis), whose employees and others then settled on the island.
721:, with many of the plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. Other natural attractions include the diversity of the landscapes, the variety of
2163:, the product of eruptions that lasted for about 500,000 years. It is one of a chain of islands that occur on the western rim of an undersea shelf, the
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in 1932, and she in turn by other vessels. The service continues into the present day with the fortnightly Island Trader service from Port Macquarie.
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1257:. Together, they surveyed the island with the findings published in 1870 when the population was listed as 35 people, their 13 houses built of split
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system, Lord Howe Island constitutes the entirety of the 'Lord Howe Island subtropical forests' ecoregion (WWF ID#AA0109). This ecoregion is in the
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1000:. As the latter two birds were soon hunted to extinction, these paintings are their only remaining pictorial record. Over the next three years, the
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Recher, H. F.; Clark, S. S. (1974b). "A biological survey of Lord Howe Island with recommendations for the conservation of the island's wildlife".
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The average temperature of the sea ranges from 20.0 °C (68.0 °F) in July, August, and September to 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) in March.
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was endemic to the island, but this is currently thought to have gone extinct before human occupation as a result of postglacial sea-level rise.
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The island continues to erode rapidly and is expected to be fully submerged within 200,000 years, taking an appearance akin to the Middleton and
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2211:, so the oldest guyots were the first formed and most northerly as the plate moved northward at a rate of 6 cm (2.4 in) per year (see
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about 23 km (14 mi; 12 nmi) to the southeast of Howe. To the north lies a cluster of seven small uninhabited islands called the
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can be seen in large numbers circling the Malabar cliffs, where they perform acrobatic courting rituals. Between August and May, thousands of
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administered by the Lord Howe Island Board, which reports to the New South Wales Minister for Environment and Heritage. The island's standard
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are the largest seabirds breeding on Lord Howe and can be seen nesting and gliding along the sea cliffs at Mutton Bird Point all year round.
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breed on the main island and surrounding islets, though only a small number of the latter species can be found on the main island. Breeding
1870:. To relieve pressure on the small island environment, only 400 tourists are permitted at any one time. The island is reached by plane from
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Introduced species that harmed Lord Howe's native flora and fauna, namely feral pigs, cats, and goats, were eradicated by the early 2000s.
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8992:
8464:"A total-evidence approach resolves phylogenetic placement of 'Cafius' gigas, a unique recently extinct rove beetle from Lord Howe Island"
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species occur on the island and its adjacent islets, many tame enough that humans can get quite close. The island has been identified by
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grows thicker, this in turn will provide habitat for small animals such as snails and insects, which in turn provide food for the birds.
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remnants of a volcanic eruption can be seen on the 15 ha (37-acre) Roach Island (where the oldest rocks occur) and Boat Harbour as
2279:(crater) and can now be seen as horizontal basalt strata on mountain cliffs (at Malabar and Mount Gower) occasionally interspersed with
10703:
10417:
9564:
Gavrilets, Sergei; Vose, Arron (2007). "Case studies and mathematical models of ecological speciation. 2. Palms on an oceanic island".
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shrub on the slopes of Ball's Pyramid, has been successfully bred in captivity, and is nearing re-introduction to the main island. The
1253:, who by 1875, had catalogued and published 195 species. Also on the ship was William Fitzgerald, a surveyor, and Mr. Masters from the
8702:
8092:
4079:
4009:, in summer. Of the 490 fish species recorded, 13 are endemic and 60% are tropical. The main angling fish are yellowtail kingfish and
1226:—with unfortunate consequences for the people of the island. To explore alternative means of income, Thompson, in 1867, purchased the
10440:
10259:
Brown, Dianne; Baker, Lynn (2009). "The Lord Howe Island Biodiversity Management Plan: An integrated approach to recovery planning".
9974:
The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay: With an Account of the Establishment of the Colonies of Port Jackson and Norfolk Island
7200:
4239:
1955:
9339:
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4109:
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Both the north and south sections of the island are the high ground of the relatively untouched forest, in the south comprising two
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industry, but also administering the affairs of the island from Sydney until the present Lord Howe Island Board was set up in 1954.
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was to become Australia's most profitable export until the 1830s, and the whaling industry shaped Lord Howe Island's early history.
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8753:
7691:
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4245:
9470:"Lord Howe Island its zoology, geology, and physical characters. No. 5. The physical and geological structure of Lord Howe Island"
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A total of 202 different birds have been recorded on the island. Eighteen species of land birds breed on the island and many more
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breeding colony on Norfolk Island was exterminated in the late 19th century, though a small population persists on the adjacent
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started a regular shipping service and the number of tourists gradually increased. By 1932, with the regular tourist run of SS
330:
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feeling, and an enquiry, he was eventually removed from office on 31 May 1882 (he returned later that year though to view the
10773:
10753:
10355:
10280:
Harris, Peter T. (2010). "Benthic environments of the Lord Howe Rise submarine plateau: Introduction to the special volume".
10204:
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9846:
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9808:
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9709:
9686:
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World heritage listing (Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities)
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Australian Journal of Chemistry Volume 65 Number 6 2012 'Artificial Photosynthesis: Energy, Nanochemistry, and Governance'
4621:
2014:
are also popular in the lagoon, as well as off Tenth of June Island, a small rocky outcrop in the Admiralty group where an
1697:
1571:
1427:
941:
243:
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BirdLife International. (2011). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lord Howe Island Permanent Park Preserve. Downloaded from
6134:
5550:
5075:
3571:, over 1% of the world population of another five seabird species, and the whole populations of three endemic subspecies.
1935:), recreational climbing there is prohibited. No pets are allowed without permission from the board. Islanders use tanked
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which, rising to 875 m (2,871 ft), is the highest point on the island. The two mountains are separated by the
1410:, carrying 20 tonnes of fuel, ran aground in the lagoon. The ship refloated at high tide with no loss of crew or cargo.
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are the most commonly observed and are the only species confirmed to be seasonal or yearly residents, while some other
10347:
Bioregionalisation of the waters around Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands using brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)
8386:. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities. 2011.
8027:
Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008).
5802:
5769:
3426:). This is a lowland palm with drooping leaflets and seed branches in 'hands' of three to five, while the curly palm (
3216:
and many different microhabitats, from sea level to the summits. With the increased humidity brought by the clouds on
915:
Many names on the island date from this time, and also from May of the same year, when four ships of the First Fleet,
10743:
10667:
9869:
McDougall, I; Embleton, B J; Stone, D B (1981). "Origin and evolution of Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific Ocean".
9618:
8962:
8617:
8379:
6599:
4446:
1594:
738:
434:
10311:"Habitat as a surrogate measure of reef fish diversity in the zoning of the Lord Howe Island Marine Park, Australia"
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of the preserve was outlined in a management plan for the sustainable development of the island prepared by the NSW
10708:
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8641:
3179:
1774:
1759:
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ran aground in 1918, and have wiped out several endemic bird species and were thought to have done the same to the
997:
940:, visited it. Much of the plant and animal life was first recorded in the journals and diaries of visitors such as
9862:'s Climate Change Impacts on Australia and the Benefits of Early Action to Reduce Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions"
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2386:
1448:. A plan in 2016 was made to drop 42 tonnes of rat bait across the island, but the community was heavily divided.
10783:
9283:
6001:
5194:
5109:
4643:
4257:, which has a ranger stationed on the island. The island was cited under the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1982.
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2250:
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Lord Howe Island is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the southwest Pacific Ocean. Lying in the
5205:
4684:
10562:
7674:
5232:
4927:
3456:
1493:
9541:
Gaffney, Eugene S. (1975). "A phylogeny and classification of the higher categories of turtles. (article 4)".
4683:. State of New South Wales, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water, February 2010. Archived from
1850:
Lord Howe Island is known for its geology, birds, plants, and marine life. Popular tourist activities include
7152:
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The flesh-footed shearwater, which breeds in large numbers on the main island in spring-autumn, once had its
2125:
1932:
1912:
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1445:
660:, which remains a key component of the island's economy. The other continuing industry, tourism, began after
637:
The first reported sighting by Europeans of Lord Howe Island took place on 17 February 1788, when Lieutenant
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in less than two hours. The Permanent Park Preserve declared in 1981 has similar management guidelines to a
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4721:
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returned to the island several times in search of turtles, and the island was also visited by ships of the
746:
6266:"IN THE MATTER OF THE PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORATES AND ELECTIONS ACT OF 1893, AND SECTIONS 13 AND 14 THEREOF"
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ships), which was on its way from Botany Bay with a cargo of nine male and six female convicts to found a
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1400:
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881:
877:
607:
8640:. New Zealand Journal of Zoology. Vol. 36: 447–459. 1175–8821 (Online); 0301-4223 (Print)/09/3604–0447.
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and is responsible for the island's care, control, and management. Its duties include the protection of
10718:
10713:
10383:
7366:
Van Der Linden, W. J. M. (1969). "Extinct mid-ocean ridges in the Tasman sea and the Western Pacific".
5157:
5001:
4478:
4425:, with the reefs at risk from rises in water temperature. The first international conference on global
4152:
3635:
3477:
1566:
1025:
10028:
Pickard, John (1984). "Exotic plants of Lord Howe Island: distribution in space and time, 1853–1981".
8160:
4724:. Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities.
1218:
From the early 1860s, whaling declined rapidly with the increasing use of petroleum, the onset of the
963:
returned from the first voyage to Norfolk Island. His journal entry for 19 March 1788 noted that "the
797:
Before European discovery and settlement, Lord Howe Island apparently was uninhabited, and unknown to
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10541:
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as a climate-change solution occurred at Lord Howe Island in 2011, the papers being published by the
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vegetation, and disturbed vegetation. Several plants are immediately evident to the visitor. Banyan (
2378:
1557:
1365:
1361:
1353:
1283:
1149:
In 1849, just 11 people were living on the island, but soon the island farms expanded. In the 1850s,
9913:
Lord Howe Island: 1788–1988. From Antipodean Isolation to World Heritage. A Bicentennial Publication
7829:
4591:
3949:
ran aground near Ned's Beach on 15 June 1918. In 2001, a tiny population was discovered in a single
1711:, a proposal was received to move Lord Howe Island back into the electorate of Sydney. However, the
1196:. Together, these men established much basic information on the island's geology, flora, and fauna.
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10662:
10630:
10578:
10454:
8630:
7781:
7439:"The isotopic origin of Lord Howe Island reveals secondary mantle plume twinning in the Tasman Sea"
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is known only from a skull and is now presumed extinct, possibly the result of the introduction of
3883:
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In 1855, the island was officially designated as part of New South Wales by the Constitution Act.
10640:
10388:
9628:
Harriott, V.J.; Harrison, P.L.; Banks, S.A. (1995). "The coral communities of Lord Howe Island".
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4002:
3611:
was only confirmed as a breeder in 1971; its numbers have increased following the elimination of
3587:
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3360:
1765:
1750:
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One of the most contentious issues amongst islanders in the 21st century is what to do about the
1341:
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935:
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7204:
10479:
9856:
Jones, R N (2004). "Managing Climate Change Risks". In Agrawala, S.; Corfee-Morlot, J. (eds.).
9185:
8999:
6563:"Electoral Districts Redistribution Panel determination of New South Wales electoral districts"
4305:, which ran aground at Ned's Beach. This triggered a second wave of extinctions, including the
3898:
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The flora of the island is relatively untouched, with a large number of rare plants, 44% being
1510:
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274:
232:
83:
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published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under
9898:
9701:
7009:"Solar and battery microgrid saves Lord Howe Island $ 1.5m in diesel fuel costs in two years"
6839:
4974:
4346:
4286:
3956:
3902:
3579:
3414:
3400:
3382:
3113:, or birds, possibly assisted at a geological time when other islands were exposed, enabling
3081:
1246:
923:
9858:
The Benefits of Climate Change Policies: Analytical and Framework Issues, OECD cited in the
7379:
7233:
5824:
5029:
Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under
3945:
disappeared from the main island soon after the accidental introduction of rats when the SS
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10459:
10322:
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2203:. This chain of nine volcanic peaks was probably produced by the northward movement of the
1393:
1219:
1193:
1029:
688:
320:
1302:, tourism became the second-largest source of external income after palm sales to Europe.
8:
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9335:
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species that is likely to have become extinct due to human-introduced rats was the large
3744:
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3714:
3681:
3677:
3608:
3560:
3196:
3130:
2031:
1916:
1816:
1522:
1415:
1192:(naturalist) who collected fish and plant specimens, and assistant surgeon and zoologist
1177:
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846:
818:, two other remote subtropical islands that were inhabited prehistorically, and it had a
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Sooty terns are the most abundant breeding seabirds and are common along the east coast.
2191:
stretching to the north of the island for 1,000 km (620 mi) and including the
2179:
nearly half the size of Australia that gradually submerged after breaking away from the
47:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
10536:
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7953:"Cloud forest thrives on World Heritage-listed Lord Howe Island after pest eradication"
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has been an issue since the first settlement, as island residents repeatedly requested
1337:
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7232:. LHI Tourist Agency Fact Sheets. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. Archived from
6880:
6836:"NY520 – Implementation of quality management in Lord Howe Island Kentia Palm Nursery"
5721:
3186:. The closest mainland affinities are with the vegetation of subtropical southeastern
845:
The first reported sighting of Lord Howe Island was on 17 February 1788 by Lieutenant
10351:
10272:
10171:
10166:
10141:
10119:
Veron, John E; Done, T J (1979). "Corals and coral communities of Lord Howe Island".
10102:
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9954:
9920:
9842:
9823:
9804:
9785:
9748:
9705:
9682:
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9492:
9435:"A survey of the distribution, seasonal activity and roost sites of New Zealand bats"
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8711:
8613:
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6537:"Lord Howe Island's proposed move to Sydney electorate resisted by Port Macquarie MP"
6143:
6042:
5877:"Rats reappear on Lord Howe Island for the first time since 2019 eradication program"
5293:
5283:
4858:
4402:
4398:
4326:
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4100:
4085:
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is a colourful endemic beetle seen during summers. Another endemic invertebrate, the
3951:
3901:. Both are rare on the main island, but more common on smaller islands offshore. The
3824:
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2003:
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171:
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10112:
History of the American Whaling Fishery from its Earliest Inception to the Year 1876
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1947:
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10003:
9930:
9886:
9743:
9637:
9581:
9552:
9488:
9484:
9416:
Lord Howe Island Marine Park: Sea Shore to Sea Floor: World Heritage Wildlife Guide
9378:
8475:
7458:
7383:
7036:
6356:"Parliamentary Electorates and Elections Act, 1912, and the Acts Amending the Same"
6153:
4526:
4498:
4310:
3879:
3844:
3794:
3754:
3510:
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2204:
2133:
1920:
1875:
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1084:
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811:
700:
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167:
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than to that of Australia. Also, a small but clear link exists with the plants of
3138:
The high degree of endemism is emphasised by the presence of five endemic genera:
1834:
2 million, constituting the only major industry on the island apart from tourism.
1324:
1076:
goats from feral stock. They landed with (or acquired from a visiting ship) their
769:) and is subregion PSI01 with an area of 1,909 ha (4,720 acres). In the WWF
10609:
10378:
9986:
Pickard, John (1983a). "Rare or threatened vascular plants of Lord Howe Island".
9978:
9392:
9214:
8637:
8569:
8480:
8463:
6036:
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5779:
5757:
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eventually decided to retain the island within the electorate of Port Macquarie.
1204:
980:
893:
668:
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591:
227:
163:
20:
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Arn Rytter Jensen; Josh Jenkins Shaw; Dagmara Żyła; Alexey Solodovnikov (2020).
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3990:
3658:
lay their single eggs precariously in a slight depression on a tree branch, and
3437:) occurs; it has large, golf ball-sized fruits, while the little mountain palm (
3403:
has large, aromatic, heart-shaped leaves. After heavy rain, the endemic glowing
2124:
by humans but bird-colonised. It contains the only known wild population of the
1077:
10301:
10251:
10212:
9968:
9088:"Endangered Lord Howe Island woodhens successfully released back into the wild"
5546:
5076:"Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA7) regions and codes"
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4272:. In total the Marine Park covers about 3,005 km (1,160 sq mi).
4183:
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873:
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815:
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9228:"Josh Frydenberg overruled department to block Lord Howe Island wind turbines"
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https://media.australian.museum/media/Uploads/Journals/17923/1348_complete.pdf
4459:
In September 2019 it was revealed that, in 2017, federal environment minister
2092:
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on 2 April 1999. The surrounding waters are a protected region designated the
10692:
10635:
9496:
9057:"Trouble in paradise: Lord Howe Island divided over plan to exterminate rats"
8631:
Past and present distributions of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis)
7472:
7017:$ 1.5 million in diesel fuel cost savings in its first two years of operation
6385:
5206:
http://australianarchaeology.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Anderson-2003.pdf
5080:
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population, and Communities
3699:
3691:
3627:
3106:
2811:
1883:
1368:, Sydney, and landing on the lagoon, the journey taking about 3½ hours. When
1199:
Around 1853, a further three settlers arrived on the American whaling barque
1121:
134:
121:
8612:
Daphne D.. 2006. Lord Howe Island Rising. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Tower Books.
8436:
7174:
7062:
6362:. No. 151. New South Wales, Australia. 18 November 1926. p. 4837.
4965:"Lord Howe Island Group, Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia (Place ID 105694)"
10175:
9593:
9519:
9179:
Towards Global Artificial Photosynthesis Conference, Lord Howe Island 2011
6482:. No. 164. New South Wales, Australia. 16 October 1987. p. 5897.
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have been accidentally introduced from the Australian mainland. During the
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2011:
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6272:. No. 586. New South Wales, Australia. 22 August 1893. p. 6565.
3194:
is indicated by the presence of endemic species such as the wedding lily (
3117:. Nevertheless, it has been sufficiently remote for long enough to evolve
717:
of global natural significance. Most of the island is virtually untouched
71:
9609:
Green, Peter S. (1994). "Lord Howe Island". In Orchard, Anthony E (ed.).
6987:"Lord Howe enjoys five days and nights with solar and Tesla battery only"
6302:. No. 227. New South Wales, Australia. 22 April 1904. p. 3227.
4363:
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have colonised Lord Howe Island from New Zealand. They have replaced the
3651:
3279:
3217:
2323:
2319:
2296:
2109:
2071:
2023:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1970:
is the main means of transport on the island. Tourist activities include
1959:
1855:
1830:
By the late 1980s, annual exports had begun to provide a revenue of over
1528:
1295:
1273:
1104:
The new business was advertised and ships trading between Sydney and the
1072:
1017:
908:
857:
587:
197:
10371:
9972:
7664:"The Lord Howe Island Marine Park (Commonwealth Waters) Management Plan"
6512:. No. 50. New South Wales, Australia. 22 March 1991. p. 2431.
6452:. No. 53. New South Wales, Australia. 28 March 1980. p. 1503.
6332:. No. 153. New South Wales, Australia. 27 June 1919. p. 3599.
4401:'s numbers from only 20 in 1970 to about 200 in 2000, which is close to
2230:
which would be consistent with a common or similar mantle plume source.
10057:
5049:
4386:
4329:
may have become extinct through predation by, or competition with, the
4234:
4044:
4018:
3994:
3669:
3659:
3655:
3643:
3497:
3187:
3102:
2227:
2083:
2063:
1975:
1536:
1438:
1389:
1373:
1345:
1307:
835:
730:
680:
649:
622:
579:
307:
107:
10335:
10310:
10132:
9641:
7337:
7335:
6422:. No. 89. New South Wales, Australia. 6 July 1973. p. 2950.
5105:
3860:
3710:
2159:
Lord Howe Island is the highly eroded remains of a 7-million-year-old
2144:
10645:
10526:
8582:
Berzin A.; Ivashchenko V.Y.; Clapham J.P.; Brownell L.R. Jr. (2008).
5854:
Trouble in Paradise: Lord Howe divided over plans to exterminate rats
4923:
4534:
4298:
4268:
extending from 3 to 12 nautical miles out and managed by the federal
4177:
4052:
4048:
3918:
3866:
3666:
3612:
3444:) has marble-sized fruits and is only found on the mountain summits.
3432:
3265:
3242:
3174:. The combined flora of these two islands is more closely related to
3164:
3090:
2980:
2329:
2272:
2172:
2150:
2067:
1801:
1540:
1503:
1470:
1250:
1245:, and his assistant William Carron, who forwarded plant specimens to
1041:
770:
676:
583:
412:
295:
211:
76:
Satellite image of the island; north is toward the upper right corner
10049:
9556:
9524:
The Weather Makers – The History and Future Impact of Climate Change
9145:
The Weather Makers – The History and Future Impact of Climate Change
8563:
Lord Howe Island Marine Park (Commonwealth Waters) – MANAGEMENT PLAN
2051:
830:
10614:
10389:
Lord Howe Island Act, 1953 (Australian Legal Information Institute)
10199:
10067:
Lord Howe Island: Its discovery and early associations 1788 to 1888
9719:
Hutton, Ian; Parkes, John P. & Sinclair, Anthony R. E. (2007),
8671:
8659:
7611:
7332:
4520:
4025:
3887:
3404:
3353:
3275:
are the other two palm genera that are also endemic to the island.
3058:
Source 2: Bureau of Meteorology, Lord Howe Island Aero (all years)
3053:
Source 1: Bureau of Meteorology, Lord Howe Island Aero (1991–2020)
2359:
2351:
2350:, together with basalt grains, and basaltic minerals such as black
2343:
2180:
2019:
1999:
1987:
1863:
1462:
1372:
was completed in 1974, the seaplanes were eventually replaced with
1264:
1233:
In 1869, the island was visited by magistrate P. Cloete aboard the
1172:
to the southwest Pacific (1852–1856), completed the island's first
88:
9182:"Artificial photosynthesis - News, conferences & events - ANU"
9118:"The 'incredible' comeback of native wildlife on Lord Howe Island"
7673:. Canberra: Environment Australia. 2001. p. 5. Archived from
7148:
5817:
4897:
3231:
One of the best-known plant genera endemic to Lord Howe Island is
1570:. Since 1894, Lord Howe Island has been included in the following
7436:
6476:"PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORATES AND ELECTIONS ACT, 1912.—PROCLAMATION"
6446:"PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORATES AND ELECTIONS ACT, 1912.—PROCLAMATION"
4506:
4375:
4033:
3968:
3575:
3539:
3259:
3220:
and the other mountain tops, the range of endemic plants include
3208:
3183:
3118:
2355:
2339:
2292:
2276:
2255:
2089:
with white sand, the most accessible of the island's 11 beaches.
1983:
1967:
1867:
1859:
1258:
1109:
1013:
802:
734:
684:
334:
10394:
3599:
was discovered breeding on Mount Gower in 1914 by ornithologist
1889:
1723:
Since 1901, Lord Howe Island has been included in the following
1315:
The palm trade began in the 1880s when the lowland kentia palm (
10308:
6000:
4642:
4224:
4195:
3914:
3875:
3388:
3140:
2335:
2264:
2086:
2079:
2039:
1979:
1560:, Lord Howe Island was not represented in parliament until the
1434:
1261:
1088:
1065:
718:
710:
599:
594:. It lies 600 km (320 nmi) directly east of mainland
9721:"Reassembling island ecosystems: the case of Lord Howe Island"
7394:
5616:
1939:, supplemented by bore water for showers and washing clothes.
41:
Parts of this article (those related to Australia) need to be
9909:
9859:
7543:
7531:
6818:
6816:
5908:"Endangered animals bounce back on rat-free Lord Howe Island"
5641:
Report on the present state and prospects of Lord Howe Island
5025:
4369:
4171:
4166:
4130:
3893:
Two terrestrial reptiles are native to the island group: the
3238:
3233:
3152:
2188:
1707:
As part of the redistribution of electoral districts for the
1127:
1117:
819:
781:
566:
10142:"New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent"
8771:
8411:"Six-Legged Giant Finds Secret Hideaway, Hides For 80 Years"
8065:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. 2007. Archived from
7917:
7310:"Six-Legged Giant Finds Secret Hideaway, Hides For 80 Years"
3422:
success as an indoor plant being the kentia or thatch palm (
1492:
Official control of Lord Howe Island lay initially with the
784:. The WWF ecoregion has an area of 14 km (5½ sq. mi.)
578:) is an irregularly crescent-shaped volcanic remnant in the
9651:
Votes & Proc. Legislative Assembly New South Wales 1870
8802:
8704:
Lord Howe Island Permanent Park Preserve Plan of Management
8314:
8093:"Ten ridiculously amazing things to do on Lord Howe Island"
7077:
6242:. New South Wales, Australia. 18 November 1893. p. 8.
4301:
was accidentally introduced with the shipwreck of the S.S.
3254:
3225:
3221:
2288:
2074:, the island is 600 km (370 mi) east of mainland
1971:
1936:
876:
and Ball's Pyramid after himself and the main island after
758:
303:
10282:
Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
10232:
Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography
8164:
8029:
Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms
8026:
6813:
6171:
6103:
6091:
4678:"Draft Report: Review of the Lord Howe Island Act of 1954"
4385:
In July 2012, the Australian federal Environment Minister
2201:
Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs Marine National Park Reserve
1437:
situation. Rodents have only been on the island since the
1336:
The first plane to appear on the island was in 1931, when
10015:
Pickard, John (1983b). "Vegetation of Lord Howe Island".
6838:. Nursery & Garden Industry Australia. Archived from
1831:
1016:
was born with British and American whaling ships chasing
8932:
8930:
8276:
7289:
6568:. New South Wales Electoral Commission. 20 August 2021.
6539:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ABC Coffs Coast.
6416:"PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORATES AND ELECTIONS ACT, 1912–1973"
6079:
5577:
5565:
5476:
5364:
5362:
5335:
5227:
5225:
4413:
According to an analysis by eminent Australian academic
868:. On the return journey of 13 March 1788, Ball observed
838:
of Lieutenant Henry Lidgbird Ball, the commander of HMS
621:
Along the west coast is a sandy semi-enclosed sheltered
445:
Lord Howe Island Group, Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia
9367:"Annotated checklist of the fishes of Lord Howe Island"
8893:"CAWS · The Council of Australasian Weed Societies Inc"
8814:
7736:
7406:
5606:
5604:
5512:
5488:
5398:
3212:
where the height has allowed the development of a true
1237:
investigating a possible murder. He was accompanied by
1056:
Lord Howe Island Maritime Museum and Information Centre
16:
Island in the Tasman Sea, in New South Wales, Australia
9868:
9613:. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
9418:. Rochedale: Neville Coleman's Underwater Geographic.
9397:
1001 Nudibranchs – Catalogue of Indo-Pacific Sea Slugs
9336:"Lord Howe Island, NSW | Official NSW Tourism Website"
8515:
8113:
8008:
7341:
7203:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. Archived from
7125:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. Archived from
7099:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. Archived from
7061:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. Archived from
7035:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. Archived from
6959:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. Archived from
6392:. New South Wales, Australia. 28 May 1935. p. 9.
6198:
6067:
5801:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. 2 April 2020.
5690:
2128:, formerly thought to be extinct. To the north is the
2096:
Mount Lidgbird and Mount Gower viewed from Mount Eliza
2058:, 23 km (14 mi) southeast of the main island
1962:
to Little Island (bottom right) – Mount Lidgbird track
10439:
9627:
9258:"Sports and Activities | Lord Howe Island, Australia"
8942:
8927:
8915:
8534:
8503:
8264:
8252:
8240:
8228:
8216:
8204:
8192:
8180:
7996:
7929:
7418:
7251:
7149:"LHI Tourist Agency Fact Sheets – general activities"
5702:
5410:
5359:
5347:
5323:
5222:
5052:. New South Wales Government Marine Parks Authority.
4942:
4417:, the ecosystem of Lord Howe Island is threatened by
1060:
Permanent settlement on Lord Howe was established in
10121:
Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
10078:. Australian Museum: Dept. of Environmental Studies.
9839:
A field guide to the marine life of Lord Howe Island
9718:
9662:. Australian Capital Territory: Conservation Press.
9026:"Bombs to fight the killer rats on Lord Howe Island"
8752:. New South Wales Government Marine Park Authority.
8677:
8665:
8304:
8302:
7347:
7175:"LHI Tourist Agency Fact Sheets – marine activities"
6929:
6927:
5787:
5601:
5524:
5434:
5386:
5374:
5311:
5210:
5176:
4488:
4281:
humans. The first round of extinctions included the
1277:
managed to upset the residents, and parliamentarian
1213:
602:, and about 900 km (490 nmi) southwest of
8161:"BirdLife | Partnership for nature and people"
7905:
6115:
5680:
5678:
5541:
5539:
4260:Offshore environmental assets are protected by the
3855:
970:Watercolour sketches of native birds including the
825:
667:The Lord Howe Island Group is part of the state of
563:
9871:Journal of the Geological Association of Australia
9698:The Australian Geographic Book of Lord Howe Island
9544:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
7658:
7656:
7654:
7652:
6510:Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales
6506:"PARLIAMENTARY ELECTORATES AND ELECTIONS ACT 1912"
6480:Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales
6450:Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales
6420:Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales
6360:Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales
6330:Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales
6300:Government Gazette Of The State Of New South Wales
4828:
4826:
4792:
4790:
4449:on 21 May 2007, based on the World Heritage List.
3101:and shares many biotic affinities with Australia,
2018:drops 36 m (118 ft) to reveal extensive
9208:http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/52/issue/5915.htm
9086:Siossian, Emma; Wyllie, Fiona (18 January 2020).
8299:
7593:"Bleaching leaves Lord Howe reef 'on knife edge'"
7027:
7025:
6924:
3380:), the massed, small, yellow flowers of corokia (
3320:
2318:Rocks and land at the foot of these mountains is
2218:The Lord Howe Seamount Chain is parallel to the
1567:Parliamentary Electorates and Elections Act, 1893
626:notable of these is the volcanic and uninhabited
10764:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
10690:
10309:Lindsay, MJ; Patterson, HM; Swearer, SE (2008).
10258:
9905:. Melbourne: Government Printer. pp. 76–79.
9611:Flora of Australia. Volume 49, Oceanic Islands 1
8333:
8331:
8329:
7895:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7887:
7885:
6948:
6946:
6944:
6942:
6663:. No. 72. 14 September 1922. p. 1355.
5675:
5665:
5663:
5536:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4760:
4758:
3791:(extinct, subspecies of extinct Tasman starling)
1099:
779:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
9820:A field guide to the plants of Lord Howe Island
9357:
8747:"Visitors guide – Lord Howe Island Marine Park"
8588:DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska – Lincoln
7946:
7944:
7758:. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology.
7720:. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology.
7649:
7633:. Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology.
7123:"LHI Tourist Agency Fact Sheets – SCUBA diving"
4823:
4787:
2342:, as on the mainland, are made of fragments of
1827:) and other native plants of special interest.
1546:
911:heading for China on its return trip to England
10203:This Knowledge article contains material from
9977:(3 ed.). London: John Stockdale. p.
9836:
9801:A field guide to the birds of Lord Howe Island
9782:A field guide to the ferns of Lord Howe Island
9432:
9085:
8777:
8497:
8320:
8054:
8052:
8050:
8048:
7957:ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)
7694:. Lord Howe Island Tours. 2011. Archived from
7549:
7365:
7273:. New South Wales Government Destination NSW.
7022:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4552:
3741:(least concern, subspecies of golden whistler)
10425:
10139:
9563:
9310:"Gosford-Lord Howe Island race record threat"
9284:"39th Gosford to Lord Howe Island Yacht Race"
8998:. Friends of Lord Howe Island. Archived from
8326:
7882:
7718:"Climate statistics for Australian locations"
7617:
7586:
7584:
7400:
7097:"LHI Tourist Agency Fact Sheets – activities"
6939:
6801:. No. 97. 25 November 1968. p. 6651
6749:. No. 42. 1 September 1955. p. 2819
6230:
6228:
6215:
6213:
5996:
5994:
5660:
5044:
5042:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4802:
4755:
4389:and the New South Wales Environment Minister
3563:because it supports the entire population of
2199:(160 km (99 mi) away) reefs of the
1966:As distances to sites of interest are short,
1896:on a fortnightly delivery from Port Macquarie
1481:
10080:
10073:
9679:Birds of Lord Howe Island – Past and Present
8690:
8493:
8491:
8437:"Lord Howe stag beetle (Lamprima insularis)"
8337:
8288:
7941:
7227:"Permanent Park Preserve and Walking Tracks"
6775:. No. 79. 12 October 1961. p. 3639
6693:. No. 48. 2 August 1934. p. 1195.
6603:. No. 51. 2 October 1903. p. 609.
5905:
5751:The Law Offices of Countryman & McDaniel
5547:"New South Wales Constitution Act 1855 (UK)"
3249:and are popular houseplants. Mosses include
1931:remaining wild population of the endangered
10372:Official site of the Lord Howe Island Board
10074:Recher, Harry F; Clark, Stephen S (1974a).
9048:
8045:
6633:. No. 20. 27 March 1913. p. 725.
5134:. Digital Observatory for Protected Areas.
4770:
4670:
4275:
3089:Lord Howe Island is a distinct terrestrial
1539:of cultivated land. Original settlers were
1176:. On board were three Scottish biologists,
269:Tourists are restricted to 400 at any time.
10432:
10418:
10343:
9773:A Guide to World Heritage Lord Howe Island
8584:"The Truth About Soviet Whaling: A Memoir"
7808:"Lord Howe Island Aero 1991–2020 averages"
7782:"Water Temperature – Lord Howe, Australia"
7581:
7201:"LHI Tourist Agency Fact Sheets – walking"
7033:"Lord Howe Island Accommodation Directory"
6809:– via National Library of Australia.
6783:– via National Library of Australia.
6757:– via National Library of Australia.
6731:– via National Library of Australia.
6705:– via National Library of Australia.
6675:– via National Library of Australia.
6645:– via National Library of Australia.
6615:– via National Library of Australia.
6524:– via National Library of Australia.
6494:– via National Library of Australia.
6464:– via National Library of Australia.
6434:– via National Library of Australia.
6404:– via National Library of Australia.
6374:– via National Library of Australia.
6344:– via National Library of Australia.
6314:– via National Library of Australia.
6284:– via National Library of Australia.
6254:– via National Library of Australia.
6225:
6210:
6188:
6186:
6021:
5991:
5938:"2016 Census QuickStats: Lord Howe Island"
5039:
4989:
4745:
4743:
4663:
4618:"Profile of the Electoral Division Sydney"
4270:Department of the Environment and Heritage
3731:(vulnerable, subspecies of pied currawong)
3684:. The iconic endemic rail, the flightless
3386:), orange, plump flowers of pumpkin tree (
2411:1991–2020 averages, 1988–present extremes
2233:
598:, 780 km (420 nmi) northeast of
70:
19:For the atoll in the Solomon Islands, see
10334:
10165:
10118:
9747:
9467:
9382:
8960:
8831:
8829:
8792:
8790:
8788:
8786:
8521:
8488:
8479:
8468:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
7537:
7462:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5874:
4636:
4620:. Australian Electoral Commission. 2011.
4565:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2004.
3447:
2306:Close-up of calcarenite by Andersons Road
2078:, 702 km (436 mi) northeast of
822:very similar to that of Norfolk Island."
10140:Wallis, G.P.; Trewick, Steve A. (2009).
10109:
10014:
9985:
9518:
9142:
9023:
8993:"Friends of Lord Howe Island Newsletter"
8654:
8606:
8408:
8384:in Species Profile and Threats Database"
8142:
8140:
7950:
7923:
7307:
7177:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association.
7151:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association.
7059:"Nature experiences on Lord Howe Island"
6723:. No. 44. 6 March 1941. p. 475
5975:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association.
5549:. Museum of Australian Democracy. 1855.
5507:
5466:
5464:
5012:Department of Planning & Environment
4900:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association.
4861:. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association.
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4594:. New South Wales Electoral Commission.
4145:
3989:
3930:
3859:
3709:
3705:
3617:
3559:, and the Permanent Park Preserve as an
3538:
3393:), and white spikes of Fitzgerald tree (
3324:
3123:
3074:
2309:
2301:
2249:
2237:
2143:
2091:
2050:
1954:
1946:
1888:
1841:
1406:On 17 October 2011, the supply ship M/V
1323:
1126:
1051:
1047:
886:
829:
713:records the Lord Howe Island Group as a
612:
10789:World Heritage Sites in New South Wales
10769:Unincorporated areas of New South Wales
10749:New South Wales State Heritage Register
10724:Important Bird Areas of New South Wales
10261:Ecological Management & Restoration
10209:New South Wales State Heritage Register
10027:
9967:
9948:
9897:
9817:
9798:
9779:
9540:
9413:
9391:
8948:
8936:
8820:
8808:
8796:
8546:
8308:
8146:
8119:
8020:
8014:
8002:
7595:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
7083:
6954:"Getting to Lord Howe Island factsheet"
6933:
6869:. National Library of Australia. 1989.
6822:
6219:
6204:
6192:
6183:
6177:
6142:. National Library of Australia. 1988.
6109:
6097:
6085:
6073:
5696:
5684:
5622:
5583:
5571:
5482:
5470:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5428:
5416:
5368:
5353:
5341:
5329:
5317:
5282:. National Library of Australia. 1988.
5267:
5182:
5007:New South Wales State Heritage Register
4959:
4957:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4832:
4796:
4764:
4740:
4716:
4714:
4560:"Regional Statistics – New South Wales"
4454:New South Wales State Heritage Register
4043:Historically, migratory whales such as
3654:build nests in trees and bushes, while
3630:by the islanders. The wedge-tailed and
3200:) whose only living relatives occur in
2283:(vertical lava intrusions). Geological
1795:
743:New South Wales State Heritage Register
695:. Commuter airlines provide flights to
10759:Tourist attractions in New South Wales
10691:
10279:
10064:
9910:National Library of Australia (1989).
9770:
9695:
9676:
9657:
9365:Allen, Gerald R.; et al. (1976).
9264:from the original on 12 September 2020
9238:from the original on 18 September 2019
9225:
9054:
9036:from the original on 26 September 2012
8921:
8826:
8783:
8509:
8294:
8282:
8270:
8258:
8246:
8234:
8222:
8210:
8198:
8186:
8131:
8125:
8091:Barton, Greg (October–November 2007).
8090:
7984:from the original on 27 September 2011
7935:
7877:
7788:from the original on 15 September 2017
7590:
7424:
7412:
7353:
7295:
7257:
7181:from the original on 17 September 2011
6534:
6296:"ELECTORATES REDISTRIBUTION ACT, 1904"
6121:
5960:
5760:. Cargolaw.com. Retrieved 16 July 2013
5708:
5634:
5610:
5530:
5518:
5494:
5440:
5404:
5392:
5380:
5262:
5216:
5158:"Lord Howe Island subtropical forests"
5132:"Lord Howe Island subtropical forests"
5098:
5000:
4948:
4926:. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2009.
4817:
4781:
4749:
4728:from the original on 22 September 2011
3801:(extinct, subspecies of Island thrush)
3263:that occur on the southern mountains.
3085:, SW Pacific washed up on Blinky Beach
2322:, coral sand, blown inland during the
2314:Stratified calcarenite at Lagoon Beach
2148:Skeleton of an extinct horned turtle (
1562:1894 New South Wales colonial election
10413:
9855:
9837:Hutton, Ian; Harrison, Peter (2004).
9759:from the original on 21 November 2011
9608:
9433:Daniel, M.J.; Williams, G.R. (1984).
9364:
9168:
8973:from the original on 27 December 2019
8903:from the original on 17 December 2019
8873:from the original on 27 December 2019
8409:Krulwich, Robert (29 February 2012).
8137:
7911:
7899:
7742:
7599:from the original on 13 November 2012
7308:Krulwich, Robert (29 February 2012).
6041:. The Federation Press. p. 305.
6034:
5732:from the original on 21 December 2011
5669:
5461:
5068:
4963:
4838:
4598:from the original on 28 February 2020
4572:from the original on 26 February 2009
3997:swimming in the waters of Ned's Beach
3751:(vulnerable, subspecies of silvereye)
3567:, most of the breeding population of
2195:(220 km (140 mi) away) and
2139:
1515:Minister for Environment and Heritage
1112:) would also be put into the island.
1012:. Between 1789 and 1791, the Pacific
9953:. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Tower Books.
9903:Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae 9
9648:
9342:from the original on 21 October 2020
9316:from the original on 16 October 2020
9290:from the original on 18 October 2020
9098:from the original on 18 January 2020
9067:from the original on 9 February 2016
8443:from the original on 17 January 2012
8350:"David Attenborough's rare sighting"
7342:McDougall, Embleton & Stone 1981
6997:from the original on 5 October 2021.
6985:Hill, Joshua S (20 September 2021).
6984:
6697:from the original on 7 November 2021
6667:from the original on 7 November 2021
6637:from the original on 7 November 2021
6607:from the original on 7 November 2021
6543:from the original on 29 October 2021
6535:Jambor, Claudia (26 November 2020).
6516:from the original on 7 November 2021
6486:from the original on 7 November 2021
6456:from the original on 7 November 2021
6426:from the original on 7 November 2021
6396:from the original on 7 November 2021
6366:from the original on 7 November 2021
6336:from the original on 7 November 2021
6306:from the original on 7 November 2021
6276:from the original on 7 November 2021
6246:from the original on 7 November 2021
5918:from the original on 30 January 2021
5596:
5446:
5422:
5239:. State Library of New South Wales.
5164:from the original on 7 November 2021
5124:
5086:from the original on 31 January 2013
5056:from the original on 26 January 2014
4954:
4930:from the original on 6 December 2019
4877:
4711:
4436:
4397:A recovery program has restored the
4118:with chick viewed off Malabar cliffs
3418:, can be found in the palm forests.
3286:Number of different vascular plants
1572:New South Wales Legislative Assembly
1428:COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales
244:electoral district of Port Macquarie
181:14.55 km (5.62 sq mi)
27:
9055:Slezak, Michael (8 February 2016).
8759:from the original on 22 August 2011
8535:Harriott, Harrison & Banks 1995
7858:from the original on 7 October 2006
7368:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
6575:from the original on 29 August 2021
5979:from the original on 7 January 2018
5973:"Accommodation on Lord Howe Island"
5948:from the original on 7 January 2018
5887:from the original on 3 October 2021
5825:"COVID-19 (Coronavirus) statistics"
5648:from the original on 14 August 2021
5553:from the original on 3 October 2011
5243:from the original on 6 January 2016
5150:
5082:. Commonwealth of Australia. 2012.
4865:from the original on 5 October 2013
4452:Lord Howe Island was listed on the
4255:National Parks and Wildlife Service
3781:(extinct, subspecies of NZ fantail)
3718:(Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus)
3638:was another discovery by Roy Bell.
1986:(including deep-sea game fishing),
1846:Shopping centre on Ned's Beach Road
1725:Australian House of Representatives
1131:"Expedition to the South Seas: HMS
729:, the world's southernmost barrier
617:Unofficial flag of Lord Howe Island
13:
10222:
9455:from the original on 13 April 2018
9226:Davies, Anne (18 September 2019).
8727:from the original on 31 March 2011
8678:Hutton, Parkes & Sinclair 2007
8666:Hutton, Parkes & Sinclair 2007
7951:Marshall, Cameron (7 March 2021).
7724:from the original on 19 April 2017
7569:from the original on 24 March 2012
7493:from the original on 24 March 2012
7320:from the original on 17 March 2018
6595:"COMMONWEALTH ELECTORAL DIVISIONS"
6270:New South Wales Government Gazette
5906:O'Malley, Nick (31 January 2021).
5875:Kurmelovs, Royce (19 April 2021).
5835:from the original on 22 March 2020
5199:
5138:from the original on 17 April 2021
5112:from the original on 12 April 2017
3065:
2275:that once filled a large volcanic
2155:) displayed in the Maritime Museum
1551:
1423:was largely filmed on the island.
590:, part of the Australian state of
14:
10810:
10704:Australian National Heritage List
10668:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
10441:World Heritage Sites in Australia
10365:
10114:. Waltham, Massachusetts: author.
9919:. National Library of Australia.
8594:from the original on 5 March 2016
7978:"Burke's Backyard – Kentia Palms"
7830:"Lord Howe Island Aero all years"
7155:from the original on 9 April 2011
6799:Commonwealth Of Australia Gazette
6773:Commonwealth Of Australia Gazette
6747:Commonwealth Of Australia Gazette
6721:Commonwealth Of Australia Gazette
6691:Commonwealth Of Australia Gazette
6661:Commonwealth Of Australia Gazette
6631:Commonwealth Of Australia Gazette
6600:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
6006:"Lord Howe Island (State Suburb)"
5722:"Battle to save stricken warship"
4904:from the original on 9 April 2011
4648:"Lord Howe Island (State Suburb)"
4624:from the original on 29 June 2011
4447:Australian National Heritage List
4408:
4150:Lord Howe white-throated pigeon (
4036:species have also been observed.
3978:(Lea, 1929) comb. nov. (formerly
3749:Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus
3739:Pachycephala pectoralis contempta
3662:lay their eggs in cliff hollows.
2108:(777 m (2,549 ft)) and
1214:1861–1890: Scientific expeditions
992:) were made by artists including
897:). A drawing made in May 1788 by
739:Australian National Heritage List
490:New South Wales Heritage Register
435:Australian National Heritage List
10273:10.1111/j.1442-8903.2009.00449.x
10198:
10167:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04294.x
9841:. Lord Howe Island: Ian Hutton.
9822:. Lord Howe Island: Ian Hutton.
9803:. Lord Howe Island: Ian Hutton.
9784:. Lord Howe Island: Ian Hutton.
9749:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00077.x
9586:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03304.x
9506:from the original on 20 May 2018
9371:Records of the Australian Museum
9328:
9302:
9276:
9250:
9219:
9200:
9173:
9161:
9136:
9110:
9079:
9024:Silmalis, Linda (15 July 2012).
9017:
8985:
8954:
8885:
8855:
8739:
8710:. Lord Howe Island Board. 2010.
8695:
8683:
8647:
8642:The Royal Society of New Zealand
8623:
8575:
8551:
8539:
8527:
8455:
8429:
8417:from the original on 12 May 2015
8402:
8390:from the original on 2 June 2011
8372:
8342:
8152:
8084:
7970:
7870:
7844:
7822:
7800:
7774:
7762:from the original on 5 June 2011
7748:
7710:
7684:
7671:Records of the Australian Museum
7637:from the original on 5 June 2011
7623:
7555:
7505:
7479:
7430:
7359:
7301:
7277:from the original on 15 May 2013
7263:
7219:
7193:
7167:
7141:
7115:
7089:
7051:
7001:
6978:
6912:from the original on 15 May 2013
6898:
6854:
6828:
6787:
6761:
6735:
6326:"ELECTORAL DISTRICTS COMMISSION"
6236:"The Lord Howe Island Franchise"
6055:from the original on 8 July 2019
5024:
4898:"LHI Tourist Agency Fact Sheets"
4519:
4505:
4491:
4123:
4108:
4093:
4078:
3926:
3856:Mammals, reptiles and amphibians
3799:Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
2006:tours of the lagoon). Swimming,
856:(the oldest and smallest of the
849:, commander of the Armed Tender
826:1788–1834: First European visits
757:Lord Howe Island is part of the
641:, commander of the Armed Tender
559:
87:
82:
32:
9971:(1790). Stockdale, John (ed.).
9384:10.3853/j.0067-1975.30.1976.287
8867:Crofton Weed biological control
7591:Clarke, Sarah (24 March 2010).
6709:
6679:
6649:
6619:
6587:
6555:
6528:
6498:
6468:
6438:
6408:
6378:
6348:
6318:
6288:
6258:
6127:
6028:
6002:Australian Bureau of Statistics
5930:
5899:
5868:
5847:
5805:from the original on 4 May 2020
5763:
5744:
5714:
5628:
5589:
5500:
5255:
5188:
4916:
4644:Australian Bureau of Statistics
4431:Australian Journal of Chemistry
4141:
4133:skeleton on Little Island Beach
3603:while collecting specimens for
1718:
1455:
1383:
1352:, in 1947, tourists arrived on
652:to found a penal settlement on
10779:Volcanoes of the Pacific Ocean
10558:Australian fossil mammal sites
10517:Australian fossil mammal sites
10501:Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park
10315:Marine Ecology Progress Series
10192:
9630:Marine and Freshwater Research
9489:10.3853/j.0067-1967.2.1889.483
9442:New Zealand Journal of Ecology
8843:. BirdLife International. 2011
8031:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
5770:Behind the scenes facts about
5644:. T. Richards, Govt. Printer.
5050:"Lord Howe Island Marine Park"
4702:
4610:
4584:
3985:
3336:) on the summit of Mount Gower
3321:Communities and special plants
3093:known as the Lord Howe Island
1332:in North Bay is a popular site
1026:Gilbert and Ellice archipelago
671:and is regarded legally as an
1:
8644:. Retrieved 18 December. 2014
8620:. Retrieved 18 December. 2014
8572:. Retrieved 18 December. 2014
8060:"Lord Howe Island Plant Life"
7756:"Climate of Lord Howe Island"
7631:"Climate of Lord Howe Island"
7464:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2023.121374
5831:. NSW Health. 21 March 2020.
5160:. The Encyclopedia of Earth.
4474:Lord Howe Island Bowling Club
4205:, three annelid worm genera (
3943:Lord Howe Island stick insect
3936:Lord Howe Island stick insect
3913:the giant terrestrial horned
3819:Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria
3779:Rhiphidura fuliginosa cervina
3245:) that are commonly known as
2387:Köppen climate classification
2126:Lord Howe Island stick insect
1942:
1933:Lord Howe Island stick insect
1900:
1564:following the passage of the
1446:Lord Howe Island stick insect
1100:1842–1860: Trading provisions
959:Smyth was in Sydney when the
891:The extinct white gallinule (
792:
691:applies. The currency is the
10774:Volcanoes of New South Wales
10754:Polygenetic shield volcanoes
10207:, entry number 00970 in the
10110:Starbuck, Alexander (1878).
10103:10.1016/0006-3207(74)90005-6
10008:10.1016/0006-3207(83)90084-8
9358:General and cited references
7388:10.1016/0012-821X(69)90120-4
7271:"Mt Gower, Lord Howe Island"
4970:Australian Heritage Database
4546:
4541:List of islands of Australia
4262:Lord Howe Island Marine Park
4088:on the summit of Mount Gower
3878:remains on the islands, the
3729:Strepera graculina crissalis
2046:
2002:, and boat trips (including
1547:Parliamentary representation
1340:alighted on the lagoon in a
1289:
752:
747:Lord Howe Island Marine Park
532:Other – Landscape – Cultural
93:Location of Lord Howe Island
7:
10615:Budj Bim Cultural Landscape
9899:Mueller, Ferdinand J.H. von
8439:. Lord Howe Island Museum.
7565:. Lord Howe Island Museum.
7515:. Blueswami. Archived from
7489:. Lord Howe Island Museum.
6863:Lord Howe Island: 1788–1988
6136:Lord Howe Island: 1788–1988
5276:Lord Howe Island: 1788–1988
5108:. Resolve, using WWF data.
4484:
3870:, once native to Lorde Howe
3700:introgressive hybridisation
3636:white-bellied storm petrels
2884:Average precipitation days
2670:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
2530:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
2295:(with angular blocks), and
2187:is defined by coral-capped
1362:Ansett Flying Boat Services
1142:The Illustrated London News
1064:, when the British whaling
1024:) along the equator to the
901:who was the surgeon aboard
882:First Lord of the Admiralty
878:Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe
763:Pacific Subtropical Islands
608:Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe
285:26.25/km (67.99/sq mi)
170:, Mutton Bird Islands, and
10:
10815:
10734:Islands of New South Wales
10302:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.044
10252:10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.053
10218:, accessed on 2 June 2018.
9864:. Paris. pp. 249–298.
9775:. Lord Howe Island Museum.
9468:Etheridge, Robert (1889).
8961:Anonymous (21 June 2015).
8778:Hutton & Harrison 2004
8498:Hutton & Harrison 2004
8481:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa020
8321:Daniel & Williams 1984
7550:Hutton & Harrison 2004
4479:Lord Howe Island Golf Club
4153:Columba vitiensis godmanae
3849:Columba vitiensis godmanae
3809:Cyanoramphus subflavescens
3622:Black noddy on North Beach
3526:
3504:Lord Howe bird's nest fern
3253:. There are 57 species of
3057:
3052:
2406:
2372:
2358:. The lowland consists of
1837:
1790:
1485:
1482:Governance and land tenure
1249:at the botanic gardens in
990:Columba vitiensis godmanae
787:
508:State heritage (landscape)
361:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
10739:Islands of the Tasman Sea
10676:
10654:
10623:
10605:Royal Exhibition Building
10597:
10571:
10550:
10542:Wet Tropics of Queensland
10509:
10488:
10447:
10065:Rabone, Harold R (1972).
9891:10.1080/00167618108729154
9414:Coleman, Neville (2002).
8559:Commonwealth of Australia
8354:The Sydney Morning Herald
7618:Gavrilets & Vose 2007
7401:Wallis & Trewick 2009
6390:The Sydney Morning Herald
5859:22 September 2016 at the
5778:27 September 2016 at the
4427:artificial photosynthesis
4169:level includes the palms
4017:has photographed various
3735:Lord Howe golden whistler
3674:Lord Howe golden whistler
3628:chicks harvested for food
3396:Dracophyllum fitzgeraldii
3070:
2978:
2930:
2883:
2809:
2739:
2669:
2599:
2529:
2459:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2379:humid subtropical climate
2134:Blackburn (Rabbit) Island
1558:Colony of New South Wales
1284:Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
1272:coffee be grown, but the
1243:Botanic Gardens in Sydney
548:
544:
536:
528:
520:
512:
504:
496:
487:
483:
475:
465:
457:
449:
441:
432:
428:
418:
408:
391:
383:
375:
367:
358:
354:
344:
317:
294:
289:
281:
259:
254:
238:
219:
208:
203:
193:
189:875 m (2871 ft)
185:
177:
158:
150:
113:
103:
98:
81:
69:
10744:Miocene shield volcanoes
10663:Australian Convict Sites
10631:Australian Convict Sites
10579:Australian Convict Sites
10455:Australian Convict Sites
10344:O'Hara, Timothy (2008).
9949:Nichols, Daphne (2006).
9477:Australian Museum Memoir
8691:Recher & Clark 1974a
8636:25 February 2021 at the
8568:18 December 2014 at the
8338:Recher & Clark 1974a
6038:Australian Offshore Laws
5756:5 September 2012 at the
5106:"Map of Ecoregions 2017"
5002:"Lord Howe Island Group"
4924:"Lord Howe Island Group"
4859:"Lord Howe Island Board"
4722:"Lord Howe Island Group"
4467:
4336:Invasive plants such as
4285:or white gallinule, the
4276:Feral animals and plants
4266:Commonwealth Marine Park
3884:Lord Howe long-eared bat
3698:through competition and
3588:wedge-tailed shearwaters
3534:
3377:Metrosideros sclerocarpa
2409:Lord Howe Island Airport
2220:Tasmantid Seamount Chain
2185:Lord Howe Seamount Chain
1880:Lord Howe Island Airport
1713:NSW Electoral Commission
1370:Lord Howe Island Airport
1186:Edinburgh Botanic Garden
10709:Ecoregions of Australia
10641:Purnululu National Park
10402:Encyclopædia Britannica
10377:25 October 2022 at the
10083:Biological Conservation
10030:Journal of Biogeography
9988:Biological Conservation
9951:Lord Howe Island Rising
7854:. World Wildlife Fund.
7832:. Bureau of Meteorology
7810:. Bureau of Meteorology
7380:1969E&PSL...6..483V
6035:White, Michael (2010).
5625:, pp. 76–77, 82–3.
4202:Quantenobdella howensis
4005:, which flows from the
4003:East Australian Current
2377:Lord Howe Island has a
2258:on Mount Lidgbird beach
2234:Basalts and calcarenite
2171:. The shelf is part of
1556:As a dependency of the
1376:twin-engined turboprop
1342:de Havilland Gipsy Moth
741:on 21 May 2007 and the
220:Administrative Division
10784:Volcanoes of Zealandia
10480:Willandra Lakes Region
10470:Lord Howe Island Group
10405:(11th ed.). 1911.
10205:Lord Howe Island Group
9143:Flannery, Tim (2006).
8839:Gallirallus sylvestris
7692:"Weather and Forecast"
6010:2011 Census QuickStats
4652:2016 Census QuickStats
4537:, former administrator
4161:
4070:Images of native fauna
3998:
3938:
3899:Lord Howe Island gecko
3895:Lord Howe Island skink
3871:
3829:Gallirallus sylvestris
3789:Aplonis fusca hulliana
3720:
3623:
3580:Red-tailed tropicbirds
3553:BirdLife International
3544:
3448:Images of native flora
3371:Metrosideros nervulosa
3337:
3329:Little mountain palm (
3228:and flowering plants.
3135:
3086:
2315:
2307:
2259:
2247:
2156:
2097:
2059:
1963:
1952:
1897:
1847:
1800:The first exporter of
1511:Lord Howe Island Board
1488:Lord Howe Island Board
1476:Australian citizenship
1356:and then four-engined
1333:
1146:
1057:
1022:Physeter macrocephalus
976:Gallirallus sylvestris
912:
842:
807:Australian Archaeology
618:
500:Lord Howe Island Group
371:Lord Howe Island Group
290:Additional information
233:Lord Howe Island Board
186:Highest elevation
135:31.55417°S 159.08500°E
9818:Hutton, Ian (2010c).
9799:Hutton, Ian (2010b).
9780:Hutton, Ian (2010a).
9702:Australian Geographic
9213:23 April 2016 at the
8963:"Pest Animal Control"
8522:Veron & Done 1979
8382:Dryococelus australis
7620:, pp. 2910–2921.
7563:"Sedimentary Geology"
5942:censusdata.abs.gov.au
5912:Sydney Morning Herald
5829:www.health.nsw.gov.au
4975:Australian Government
4708:Phillip 1790, p. 250.
4331:Tasmanian masked owls
4287:white-throated pigeon
4149:
4021:at Lord Howe Island.
3993:
3957:Lord Howe stag beetle
3934:
3863:
3713:
3706:List of endemic birds
3621:
3578:breed on the island.
3542:
3415:Omphalotus nidiformis
3383:Corokia carpodetoides
3328:
3127:
3082:Barringtonia asiatica
3078:
2313:
2305:
2253:
2246:on the eastern cliffs
2241:
2147:
2095:
2054:
1958:
1951:Lord Howe Golf Course
1950:
1892:
1845:
1727:electoral divisions:
1327:
1294:In 1883, the company
1247:Ferdinand von Mueller
1170:scientific expedition
1135:and steamship tender
1130:
1055:
1048:1834–1841: Settlement
1030:southern right whales
890:
833:
814:and half the size of
616:
319: • Summer (
231:Self-governed by the
10655:External territories
10589:Tasmanian Wilderness
10532:Gondwana Rainforests
10496:Kakadu National Park
10460:Gondwana Rainforests
10069:. Sydney: Australis.
9771:Hutton, Ian (2009).
9696:Hutton, Ian (1998).
9677:Hutton, Ian (1990).
9658:Hutton, Ian (1986).
8837:"Species factsheet:
8102:: 98. Archived from
8100:Australian Traveller
7065:on 17 September 2011
7015:. 6 September 2024.
4307:vinous-tinted thrush
4291:red-crowned parakeet
4160:, 1790 – now extinct
4011:New Zealand bluefish
3961:Lord Howe flax snail
3574:Fourteen species of
3518:Lagunaria patersonia
3361:Dendrobium macropus
3097:. It is part of the
3079:Box-shaped fruit of
2460:Record high °C (°F)
2338:grains derived from
2183:supercontinent. The
1796:Kentia palm industry
1220:California Gold Rush
978:), white gallinule (
689:daylight saving time
648:, was en route from
540:Landscape – Cultural
140:-31.55417; 159.08500
10327:2008MEPS..353..265L
10294:2011DSRII..58..883H
10244:2011DSRII..58..979A
10158:2009MolEc..18.3548W
10095:1974BCons...6..263R
10042:1984JBiog..11..181P
10000:1983BCons..27..125P
9936:on 20 December 2010
9883:1981AuJES..28..155M
9740:2007AnCon..10...22H
9728:Animal Conservation
9578:2007MolEc..16.2910G
9032:. News Queensland.
9005:on 21 November 2011
8811:, pp. 118–119.
8629:Richards R.. 2009.
7980:. CTC Productions.
7926:, pp. 133–236.
7680:on 9 November 2011.
7540:, pp. 112–113.
7455:2023ChGeo.622l1374R
7239:on 21 November 2011
7129:on 2 September 2011
7086:, pp. 166–171.
6966:on 2 September 2011
6240:The Daily Telegraph
6180:, pp. 110–115.
6159:on 20 December 2010
6112:, pp. 107–108.
6100:, pp. 87, 106.
6004:(31 October 2012).
5799:Lordhoweisland.info
5299:on 21 November 2011
4190:Lordhowea insularis
4030:Bottlenose dolphins
4024:Various species of
3867:Meiolania platyceps
3745:Lord Howe silvereye
3725:Lord Howe currawong
3715:Lord Howe silvereye
3682:Lord Howe currawong
3678:Lord Howe silvereye
3609:black-winged petrel
3561:important bird area
3409:Mycena chlorophanos
3287:
3197:Dietes robinsoniana
3176:that of New Zealand
3131:Dietes robinsoniana
3095:subtropical forests
2740:Record low °C (°F)
2600:Daily mean °C (°F)
1817:Australian Standard
1709:2023 state election
1523:sustainable tourism
1174:hydrographic survey
1157:From 1851 to 1854,
1151:gold was discovered
1034:Eubalaena australis
847:Henry Lidgbird Ball
715:World Heritage Site
673:unincorporated area
639:Henry Lidgbird Ball
224:Unincorporated area
131: /
66:
10799:Endemic Bird Areas
10729:Island restoration
10680:states/territories
10678:Shared with other
10537:Great Barrier Reef
10489:Northern Territory
10475:Sydney Opera House
9124:. 19 February 2023
8939:, pp. 122–123
8072:on 14 October 2013
7513:"Lord Howe Island"
7487:"Volcanic Geology"
6906:"Lord Howe Island"
6825:, pp. 98–105.
4323:Lord Howe gerygone
4315:Lord Howe starling
4283:Lord Howe swamphen
4162:
4103:by Neds Beach Road
4086:Providence petrels
4007:Great Barrier Reef
3999:
3939:
3907:bleating tree frog
3872:
3835:Lord Howe swamphen
3805:Lord Howe parakeet
3785:Lord Howe starling
3769:Gerygone insularis
3765:Lord Howe gerygone
3759:Zosterops strenuus
3721:
3696:Pacific Black Duck
3632:little shearwaters
3624:
3569:providence petrels
3565:Lord Howe woodhens
3545:
3338:
3285:
3251:Spiridens muelleri
3171:Calystegia affinis
3136:
3099:Australasian realm
3087:
2316:
2308:
2260:
2248:
2207:over a stationary
2157:
2140:Geological origins
2102:volcanic mountains
2098:
2060:
2016:underwater plateau
1964:
1953:
1919:, complemented by
1898:
1848:
1338:Francis Chichester
1334:
1328:The 1965 wreck of
1241:, director of the
1224:American Civil War
1147:
1058:
950:Arthur Bowes Smyth
913:
899:Arthur Bowes Smyth
843:
799:Polynesian peoples
775:Australasian realm
619:
576:Lord Howe's Island
521:Reference no.
466:Reference no.
409:Reference no.
249:Division of Sydney
239:Electoral District
194:Highest point
162:Lord Howe Island,
64:
10719:Hotspot volcanoes
10714:Extinct volcanoes
10686:
10685:
10661:(Norfolk Island)
10624:Western Australia
10396:"Lord Howe"
10357:978-0-642-55462-8
10336:10.3354/meps07155
10146:Molecular Ecology
10133:10.1071/mf9790203
9960:978-0-646-45419-1
9926:978-0-7316-3090-5
9848:978-0-9581286-3-6
9829:978-0-9581286-1-2
9810:978-0-9581286-2-9
9791:978-0-9581286-7-4
9711:978-1-876276-27-0
9688:978-0-646-02638-1
9669:978-0-908198-40-5
9642:10.1071/mf9950457
9572:(14): 2910–2921.
9566:Molecular Ecology
9533:978-0-7139-9921-1
9425:978-0-947325-27-5
9406:978-0-947325-25-1
9154:978-0-7139-9921-1
8717:978-1-74293-082-4
8360:on 12 August 2014
8285:, pp. 92–94.
8109:on 19 April 2013.
8038:978-1-84246-182-2
7745:, pp. 14–15.
7519:on 7 October 2011
7298:, pp. 81–84.
7039:on 31 August 2011
6876:978-0-7316-3090-5
6842:on 5 October 2011
6386:"KING ELECTORATE"
6149:978-0-7316-3090-5
6088:, pp. 82–83.
6048:978-1-86287-742-9
5795:"COVID19 Q and A"
5586:, pp. 76–79.
5574:, pp. 58–59.
5521:, pp. 2, 44.
5497:, pp. 30–31.
5485:, pp. 38–40.
5407:, pp. 26–30.
5344:, pp. 23–24.
5289:978-0-7316-3090-5
4456:on 2 April 1999.
4437:Heritage listings
4403:carrying capacity
4399:Lord Howe woodhen
4327:Lord Howe boobook
4319:Lord Howe fantail
3952:Melaleuca howeana
3825:Lord Howe woodhen
3815:Lord Howe boobook
3775:Lord Howe fantail
3692:Domestic Mallards
3686:Lord Howe woodhen
3615:from the island.
3557:endemic bird area
3524:
3523:
3424:Howea forsteriana
3344:Ficus macrophylla
3318:
3317:
3062:
3061:
2933:relative humidity
2407:Climate data for
1921:diesel generators
1819:AS/NZS ISO 9002.
1808:Howea forsteriana
1788:
1787:
1705:
1704:
1364:operating out of
1344:converted into a
1318:Howea forsteriana
1255:Australian Museum
1190:John MacGillivray
1182:gardener-botanist
1168:, which was on a
972:Lord Howe woodhen
952:, surgeon of the
693:Australian dollar
552:
551:
404:
62:
61:
10806:
10699:Lord Howe Island
10584:Macquarie Island
10559:
10518:
10434:
10427:
10420:
10411:
10410:
10406:
10398:
10361:
10340:
10338:
10305:
10288:(7–8): 883–888.
10276:
10255:
10202:
10187:
10169:
10136:
10115:
10106:
10079:
10070:
10061:
10024:
10011:
9982:
9964:
9945:
9943:
9941:
9935:
9929:. Archived from
9918:
9906:
9894:
9877:(1–2): 155–176.
9865:
9852:
9833:
9814:
9795:
9776:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9758:
9751:
9725:
9715:
9692:
9673:
9660:Lord Howe Island
9654:
9645:
9624:
9605:
9560:
9537:
9515:
9513:
9511:
9505:
9474:
9464:
9462:
9460:
9454:
9439:
9429:
9410:
9393:Coleman, Neville
9388:
9386:
9352:
9351:
9349:
9347:
9332:
9326:
9325:
9323:
9321:
9306:
9300:
9299:
9297:
9295:
9280:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9269:
9254:
9248:
9247:
9245:
9243:
9223:
9217:
9204:
9198:
9197:
9195:
9193:
9188:on 28 March 2016
9184:. Archived from
9177:
9171:
9165:
9159:
9158:
9140:
9134:
9133:
9131:
9129:
9114:
9108:
9107:
9105:
9103:
9083:
9077:
9076:
9074:
9072:
9052:
9046:
9045:
9043:
9041:
9030:The Courier-Mail
9021:
9015:
9014:
9012:
9010:
9004:
8997:
8989:
8983:
8982:
8980:
8978:
8958:
8952:
8946:
8940:
8934:
8925:
8919:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8889:
8883:
8882:
8880:
8878:
8859:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8848:
8833:
8824:
8818:
8812:
8806:
8800:
8794:
8781:
8775:
8769:
8768:
8766:
8764:
8758:
8751:
8743:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8726:
8709:
8699:
8693:
8687:
8681:
8675:
8669:
8663:
8657:
8651:
8645:
8627:
8621:
8610:
8604:
8603:
8601:
8599:
8579:
8573:
8555:
8549:
8543:
8537:
8531:
8525:
8519:
8513:
8507:
8501:
8500:, pp. 11–12
8495:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8474:(4): 1159–1174.
8459:
8453:
8452:
8450:
8448:
8433:
8427:
8426:
8424:
8422:
8406:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8395:
8376:
8370:
8369:
8367:
8365:
8356:. Archived from
8346:
8340:
8335:
8324:
8318:
8312:
8306:
8297:
8292:
8286:
8280:
8274:
8268:
8262:
8256:
8250:
8244:
8238:
8232:
8226:
8220:
8214:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8190:
8184:
8178:
8176:
8174:
8172:
8163:. Archived from
8156:
8150:
8144:
8135:
8129:
8123:
8117:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8097:
8088:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8071:
8064:
8056:
8043:
8042:
8024:
8018:
8012:
8006:
8000:
7994:
7993:
7991:
7989:
7974:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7963:
7948:
7939:
7933:
7927:
7921:
7915:
7909:
7903:
7897:
7880:
7874:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7863:
7848:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7837:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7804:
7798:
7797:
7795:
7793:
7778:
7772:
7771:
7769:
7767:
7752:
7746:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7729:
7714:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7703:
7698:on 31 March 2012
7688:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7668:
7660:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7642:
7627:
7621:
7615:
7609:
7608:
7606:
7604:
7588:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7559:
7553:
7547:
7541:
7535:
7529:
7528:
7526:
7524:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7483:
7477:
7476:
7466:
7443:Chemical Geology
7434:
7428:
7422:
7416:
7415:, pp. 7–14.
7410:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7391:
7363:
7357:
7351:
7345:
7339:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7325:
7305:
7299:
7293:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7282:
7267:
7261:
7255:
7249:
7248:
7246:
7244:
7238:
7231:
7223:
7217:
7216:
7214:
7212:
7207:on 4 August 2012
7197:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7186:
7171:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7145:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7134:
7119:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7108:
7093:
7087:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7072:
7070:
7055:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7029:
7020:
7019:
7005:
6999:
6998:
6982:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6971:
6965:
6958:
6950:
6937:
6931:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6902:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6885:
6879:. Archived from
6868:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6832:
6826:
6820:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6806:
6791:
6785:
6784:
6782:
6780:
6765:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6713:
6707:
6706:
6704:
6702:
6683:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6653:
6647:
6646:
6644:
6642:
6623:
6617:
6616:
6614:
6612:
6591:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6574:
6567:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6548:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6521:
6502:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6442:
6436:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6352:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6322:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6311:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6262:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6232:
6223:
6217:
6208:
6202:
6196:
6190:
6181:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6158:
6152:. Archived from
6141:
6131:
6125:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6095:
6089:
6083:
6077:
6071:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6032:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6018:
6016:
5998:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5969:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5953:
5934:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5903:
5897:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5872:
5866:
5851:
5845:
5844:
5842:
5840:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5791:
5785:
5767:
5761:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5673:
5667:
5658:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5636:Wilson, J. Bowie
5632:
5626:
5620:
5614:
5608:
5599:
5593:
5587:
5581:
5575:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5543:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5459:
5453:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5384:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5333:
5327:
5321:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5298:
5292:. Archived from
5281:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5229:
5220:
5214:
5208:
5203:
5197:
5192:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5091:
5072:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5046:
5037:
5028:
5023:
5021:
5019:
4998:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4961:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4920:
4914:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4894:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4855:
4836:
4830:
4821:
4815:
4800:
4794:
4785:
4779:
4768:
4762:
4753:
4747:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4718:
4709:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4690:on 21 March 2011
4689:
4682:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4646:(27 June 2017).
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4592:"Port Macquarie"
4588:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4564:
4556:
4529:
4527:Volcanoes portal
4524:
4523:
4515:
4510:
4509:
4501:
4499:Australia portal
4496:
4495:
4494:
4347:ground asparagus
4311:robust white-eye
4243:, and a cricket
4214:Pericryptodrilus
4187:, a woody daisy
4127:
4112:
4097:
4082:
3880:large forest bat
3874:Only one native
3845:Lord Howe pigeon
3795:Lord Howe thrush
3755:Robust white-eye
3511:Asplenium milnei
3487:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3451:
3391:rhabdothamnoides
3288:
3284:
3128:Wedding flower (
2887:
2404:
2403:
2205:Australian Plate
1876:Brisbane Airport
1854:, birdwatching,
1825:Howea belmoreana
1730:
1729:
1577:
1576:
1499:transit of Venus
1360:flying boats of
1306:was replaced by
1085:cashless society
986:Lord Howe pigeon
907:, a ship of the
862:penal settlement
573:
572:
569:
568:
565:
555:Lord Howe Island
398:
324:
168:Blackburn Island
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
91:
86:
74:
67:
65:Lord Howe Island
63:
57:
54:
48:
36:
35:
28:
10814:
10813:
10809:
10808:
10807:
10805:
10804:
10803:
10794:IBRA subregions
10689:
10688:
10687:
10682:
10672:
10650:
10619:
10610:Carlton Gardens
10593:
10567:
10557:
10551:South Australia
10546:
10516:
10505:
10484:
10448:New South Wales
10443:
10438:
10393:
10379:Wayback Machine
10368:
10358:
10225:
10223:Further reading
10195:
10190:
10152:(17): 3548–80.
10050:10.2307/2844639
9969:Phillip, Arthur
9961:
9939:
9937:
9933:
9927:
9916:
9849:
9830:
9811:
9792:
9762:
9760:
9756:
9723:
9712:
9689:
9670:
9621:
9534:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9472:
9458:
9456:
9452:
9437:
9426:
9407:
9377:(15): 365–454.
9360:
9355:
9345:
9343:
9334:
9333:
9329:
9319:
9317:
9308:
9307:
9303:
9293:
9291:
9282:
9281:
9277:
9267:
9265:
9256:
9255:
9251:
9241:
9239:
9224:
9220:
9215:Wayback Machine
9205:
9201:
9191:
9189:
9180:
9178:
9174:
9166:
9162:
9155:
9141:
9137:
9127:
9125:
9116:
9115:
9111:
9101:
9099:
9084:
9080:
9070:
9068:
9053:
9049:
9039:
9037:
9022:
9018:
9008:
9006:
9002:
8995:
8991:
8990:
8986:
8976:
8974:
8967:lhib.nsw.gov.au
8959:
8955:
8947:
8943:
8935:
8928:
8920:
8916:
8906:
8904:
8891:
8890:
8886:
8876:
8874:
8861:
8860:
8856:
8846:
8844:
8835:
8834:
8827:
8819:
8815:
8807:
8803:
8795:
8784:
8776:
8772:
8762:
8760:
8756:
8749:
8745:
8744:
8740:
8730:
8728:
8724:
8718:
8707:
8701:
8700:
8696:
8688:
8684:
8676:
8672:
8664:
8660:
8652:
8648:
8638:Wayback Machine
8628:
8624:
8611:
8607:
8597:
8595:
8580:
8576:
8570:Wayback Machine
8556:
8552:
8544:
8540:
8532:
8528:
8520:
8516:
8508:
8504:
8496:
8489:
8460:
8456:
8446:
8444:
8435:
8434:
8430:
8420:
8418:
8407:
8403:
8393:
8391:
8378:
8377:
8373:
8363:
8361:
8348:
8347:
8343:
8336:
8327:
8319:
8315:
8307:
8300:
8293:
8289:
8281:
8277:
8269:
8265:
8257:
8253:
8245:
8241:
8233:
8229:
8221:
8217:
8209:
8205:
8197:
8193:
8185:
8181:
8170:
8168:
8167:on 30 June 2007
8159:
8157:
8153:
8145:
8138:
8130:
8126:
8118:
8114:
8106:
8095:
8089:
8085:
8075:
8073:
8069:
8062:
8058:
8057:
8046:
8039:
8025:
8021:
8013:
8009:
8001:
7997:
7987:
7985:
7976:
7975:
7971:
7961:
7959:
7949:
7942:
7934:
7930:
7922:
7918:
7910:
7906:
7898:
7883:
7875:
7871:
7861:
7859:
7850:
7849:
7845:
7835:
7833:
7828:
7827:
7823:
7813:
7811:
7806:
7805:
7801:
7791:
7789:
7780:
7779:
7775:
7765:
7763:
7754:
7753:
7749:
7741:
7737:
7727:
7725:
7716:
7715:
7711:
7701:
7699:
7690:
7689:
7685:
7677:
7666:
7662:
7661:
7650:
7640:
7638:
7629:
7628:
7624:
7616:
7612:
7602:
7600:
7589:
7582:
7572:
7570:
7561:
7560:
7556:
7548:
7544:
7536:
7532:
7522:
7520:
7511:
7510:
7506:
7496:
7494:
7485:
7484:
7480:
7435:
7431:
7423:
7419:
7411:
7407:
7403:, p. 3548.
7399:
7395:
7364:
7360:
7352:
7348:
7340:
7333:
7323:
7321:
7306:
7302:
7294:
7290:
7280:
7278:
7269:
7268:
7264:
7256:
7252:
7242:
7240:
7236:
7229:
7225:
7224:
7220:
7210:
7208:
7199:
7198:
7194:
7184:
7182:
7173:
7172:
7168:
7158:
7156:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7132:
7130:
7121:
7120:
7116:
7106:
7104:
7095:
7094:
7090:
7082:
7078:
7068:
7066:
7057:
7056:
7052:
7042:
7040:
7031:
7030:
7023:
7007:
7006:
7002:
6983:
6979:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6956:
6952:
6951:
6940:
6932:
6925:
6915:
6913:
6904:
6903:
6899:
6889:
6887:
6886:on 29 July 2019
6883:
6877:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6855:
6845:
6843:
6834:
6833:
6829:
6821:
6814:
6804:
6802:
6793:
6792:
6788:
6778:
6776:
6767:
6766:
6762:
6752:
6750:
6741:
6740:
6736:
6726:
6724:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6700:
6698:
6685:
6684:
6680:
6670:
6668:
6655:
6654:
6650:
6640:
6638:
6625:
6624:
6620:
6610:
6608:
6593:
6592:
6588:
6578:
6576:
6572:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6556:
6546:
6544:
6533:
6529:
6519:
6517:
6504:
6503:
6499:
6489:
6487:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6459:
6457:
6444:
6443:
6439:
6429:
6427:
6414:
6413:
6409:
6399:
6397:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6369:
6367:
6354:
6353:
6349:
6339:
6337:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6309:
6307:
6294:
6293:
6289:
6279:
6277:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6249:
6247:
6234:
6233:
6226:
6218:
6211:
6203:
6199:
6191:
6184:
6176:
6172:
6162:
6160:
6156:
6150:
6139:
6133:
6132:
6128:
6120:
6116:
6108:
6104:
6096:
6092:
6084:
6080:
6072:
6068:
6058:
6056:
6049:
6033:
6029:
6014:
6012:
5999:
5992:
5982:
5980:
5971:
5970:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5921:
5919:
5904:
5900:
5890:
5888:
5873:
5869:
5861:Wayback Machine
5852:
5848:
5838:
5836:
5823:
5822:
5818:
5808:
5806:
5793:
5792:
5788:
5780:Wayback Machine
5768:
5764:
5758:Wayback Machine
5749:
5745:
5735:
5733:
5728:. 7 July 2002.
5720:
5719:
5715:
5711:, pp. 3–4.
5707:
5703:
5695:
5691:
5683:
5676:
5668:
5661:
5651:
5649:
5633:
5629:
5621:
5617:
5609:
5602:
5594:
5590:
5582:
5578:
5570:
5566:
5556:
5554:
5545:
5544:
5537:
5529:
5525:
5517:
5513:
5505:
5501:
5493:
5489:
5481:
5477:
5469:
5462:
5454:
5447:
5439:
5435:
5427:
5423:
5415:
5411:
5403:
5399:
5391:
5387:
5379:
5375:
5367:
5360:
5352:
5348:
5340:
5336:
5328:
5324:
5316:
5312:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5279:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5260:
5256:
5246:
5244:
5231:
5230:
5223:
5215:
5211:
5204:
5200:
5193:
5189:
5181:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5139:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5115:
5113:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5089:
5087:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5059:
5057:
5048:
5047:
5040:
5017:
5015:
4999:
4990:
4980:
4978:
4962:
4955:
4951:, pp. 5–6.
4947:
4943:
4933:
4931:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4907:
4905:
4896:
4895:
4878:
4868:
4866:
4857:
4856:
4839:
4831:
4824:
4816:
4803:
4795:
4788:
4780:
4771:
4763:
4756:
4748:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4720:
4719:
4712:
4707:
4703:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4656:
4654:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4616:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4599:
4590:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4573:
4569:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4470:
4461:Josh Frydenberg
4439:
4411:
4278:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4128:
4119:
4113:
4104:
4098:
4089:
4083:
4072:
4071:
4038:Humpback whales
4015:Neville Coleman
3988:
3929:
3858:
3839:Porphyrio albus
3708:
3605:Gregory Mathews
3597:Kermadec petrel
3537:
3529:
3450:
3323:
3073:
3068:
3066:Flora and fauna
3063:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2885:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2375:
2367:Elizabeth Reefs
2348:coralline algae
2236:
2213:plate tectonics
2142:
2130:Admiralty Group
2116:at the head of
2049:
2036:Seriola lalandi
1945:
1903:
1840:
1798:
1793:
1721:
1554:
1552:New South Wales
1549:
1490:
1484:
1458:
1386:
1378:Dash 8–200
1292:
1216:
1205:Gilbert Islands
1194:Denis Macdonald
1102:
1087:; the settlers
1071:, sailing from
1050:
981:Porphyrio albus
942:David Blackburn
894:Porphyrio albus
828:
812:Pitcairn Island
795:
790:
755:
727:oceanic basalts
669:New South Wales
664:ended in 1945.
632:Admiralty Group
592:New South Wales
562:
558:
492:
437:
363:
340:
318:
313:
272:
246:
230:
228:New South Wales
215:
164:Admiralty Group
139:
137:
133:
130:
125:
122:
120:
118:
117:
94:
77:
58:
52:
49:
46:
37:
33:
24:
21:Lord Howe Atoll
17:
12:
11:
5:
10812:
10802:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10684:
10683:
10677:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:
10665:
10658:
10656:
10652:
10651:
10649:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10636:Ningaloo Coast
10633:
10627:
10625:
10621:
10620:
10618:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10601:
10599:
10595:
10594:
10592:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10575:
10573:
10569:
10568:
10566:
10565:
10560:
10554:
10552:
10548:
10547:
10545:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10513:
10511:
10507:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10498:
10492:
10490:
10486:
10485:
10483:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10467:
10465:Blue Mountains
10462:
10457:
10451:
10449:
10445:
10444:
10437:
10436:
10429:
10422:
10414:
10408:
10407:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10367:
10366:External links
10364:
10363:
10362:
10356:
10341:
10306:
10277:
10256:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10219:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10188:
10137:
10127:(2): 203–236.
10116:
10107:
10071:
10062:
10036:(3): 181–208.
10025:
10012:
9994:(2): 125–139.
9983:
9965:
9959:
9946:
9925:
9907:
9895:
9866:
9853:
9847:
9834:
9828:
9815:
9809:
9796:
9790:
9777:
9768:
9716:
9710:
9693:
9687:
9681:. Ian Hutton.
9674:
9668:
9655:
9646:
9636:(2): 457–465.
9625:
9619:
9606:
9561:
9551:(5): 389–436.
9538:
9532:
9526:. Allen Lane.
9516:
9465:
9430:
9424:
9411:
9405:
9399:. Springwood.
9389:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9354:
9353:
9327:
9301:
9275:
9249:
9218:
9199:
9172:
9160:
9153:
9147:. Allen Lane.
9135:
9109:
9078:
9047:
9016:
8984:
8953:
8941:
8926:
8914:
8884:
8854:
8825:
8823:, p. 119.
8813:
8801:
8782:
8770:
8738:
8716:
8694:
8682:
8670:
8658:
8646:
8622:
8605:
8574:
8550:
8538:
8526:
8514:
8502:
8487:
8454:
8428:
8401:
8371:
8341:
8325:
8313:
8298:
8287:
8275:
8263:
8251:
8239:
8227:
8215:
8203:
8191:
8179:
8177:on 2011-12-24.
8151:
8136:
8124:
8112:
8083:
8044:
8037:
8019:
8007:
7995:
7969:
7940:
7928:
7916:
7904:
7881:
7869:
7843:
7821:
7799:
7773:
7747:
7735:
7709:
7683:
7648:
7622:
7610:
7580:
7554:
7542:
7538:Etheridge 1889
7530:
7504:
7478:
7429:
7417:
7405:
7393:
7374:(6): 483–490.
7358:
7346:
7331:
7300:
7288:
7262:
7250:
7218:
7192:
7166:
7140:
7114:
7088:
7076:
7050:
7021:
7000:
6977:
6938:
6923:
6897:
6875:
6853:
6827:
6812:
6795:"PROCLAMATION"
6786:
6769:"PROCLAMATION"
6760:
6743:"PROCLAMATION"
6734:
6717:"PROCLAMATION"
6708:
6687:"PROCLAMATION"
6678:
6657:"PROCLAMATION"
6648:
6627:"PROCLAMATION"
6618:
6586:
6554:
6527:
6497:
6467:
6437:
6407:
6377:
6347:
6317:
6287:
6257:
6224:
6209:
6207:, p. 111.
6197:
6182:
6170:
6148:
6126:
6114:
6102:
6090:
6078:
6076:, p. 106.
6066:
6047:
6027:
5990:
5959:
5929:
5898:
5867:
5846:
5816:
5786:
5762:
5743:
5713:
5701:
5699:, p. 132.
5689:
5674:
5659:
5627:
5615:
5600:
5588:
5576:
5564:
5535:
5523:
5511:
5499:
5487:
5475:
5460:
5445:
5433:
5421:
5409:
5397:
5385:
5373:
5358:
5346:
5334:
5322:
5310:
5288:
5266:
5254:
5221:
5209:
5198:
5187:
5175:
5149:
5123:
5097:
5067:
5038:
4988:
4953:
4941:
4915:
4876:
4837:
4822:
4801:
4786:
4769:
4754:
4739:
4710:
4701:
4669:
4635:
4609:
4583:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4531:
4530:
4516:
4513:Islands portal
4502:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4469:
4466:
4438:
4435:
4423:global warming
4419:climate change
4410:
4409:Climate change
4407:
4351:bridal creeper
4277:
4274:
4184:Lepidorrhachis
4143:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4122:
4120:
4114:
4107:
4105:
4099:
4092:
4090:
4084:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4058:Southern right
3987:
3984:
3976:Hesperus gigas
3963:(or Lord Howe
3928:
3925:
3882:. The endemic
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3842:
3832:
3822:
3812:
3802:
3792:
3782:
3772:
3762:
3752:
3742:
3732:
3707:
3704:
3665:Three endemic
3640:Masked boobies
3593:Phillip Island
3536:
3533:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3449:
3446:
3440:Lepidorrhachis
3332:Lepidorrhachis
3322:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3272:Lepidorrhachis
3190:. A link with
3159:Lepidorrhachis
3115:island hopping
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2374:
2371:
2267:(an extrusive
2235:
2232:
2177:microcontinent
2165:Lord Howe Rise
2161:shield volcano
2141:
2138:
2118:Erskine Valley
2106:Mount Lidgbird
2076:Port Macquarie
2056:Ball's Pyramid
2048:
2045:
1944:
1941:
1902:
1899:
1872:Sydney Airport
1839:
1836:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1720:
1717:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:Port Macquarie
1695:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1533:freehold title
1519:World Heritage
1483:
1480:
1467:Roman Catholic
1457:
1454:
1413:The 2016 film
1385:
1382:
1291:
1288:
1215:
1212:
1101:
1098:
1049:
1046:
1014:whale industry
874:Mount Lidgbird
870:Ball's Pyramid
866:Norfolk Island
827:
824:
816:Norfolk Island
794:
791:
789:
786:
754:
751:
705:Port Macquarie
654:Norfolk Island
628:Ball's Pyramid
604:Norfolk Island
596:Port Macquarie
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
538:
534:
533:
530:
526:
525:
522:
518:
517:
514:
510:
509:
506:
502:
501:
498:
494:
493:
488:
485:
484:
481:
480:
477:
473:
472:
467:
463:
462:
459:
455:
454:
451:
447:
446:
443:
439:
438:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
420:
416:
415:
410:
406:
405:
393:
389:
388:
385:
381:
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
365:
364:
359:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
342:
341:
339:
338:
327:
325:
315:
314:
312:
311:
300:
298:
292:
291:
287:
286:
283:
279:
278:
271:
270:
267:
263:
261:
257:
256:
252:
251:
240:
236:
235:
221:
217:
216:
209:
206:
205:
204:Administration
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
172:Ball's Pyramid
160:
156:
155:
152:
148:
147:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
96:
95:
92:
79:
78:
75:
60:
59:
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10811:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10700:
10697:
10696:
10694:
10681:
10675:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10660:
10659:
10657:
10653:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10628:
10626:
10622:
10616:
10613:
10611:
10608:
10606:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10596:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10576:
10574:
10570:
10564:
10561:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10549:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10515:
10514:
10512:
10508:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10493:
10491:
10487:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10456:
10453:
10452:
10450:
10446:
10442:
10435:
10430:
10428:
10423:
10421:
10416:
10415:
10412:
10404:
10403:
10397:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10376:
10373:
10370:
10369:
10359:
10353:
10349:
10348:
10342:
10337:
10332:
10328:
10324:
10320:
10316:
10312:
10307:
10303:
10299:
10295:
10291:
10287:
10283:
10278:
10274:
10270:
10266:
10262:
10257:
10253:
10249:
10245:
10241:
10237:
10233:
10227:
10226:
10217:
10214:
10210:
10206:
10201:
10197:
10196:
10185:
10181:
10177:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10159:
10155:
10151:
10147:
10143:
10138:
10134:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10117:
10113:
10108:
10104:
10100:
10096:
10092:
10088:
10084:
10077:
10072:
10068:
10063:
10059:
10055:
10051:
10047:
10043:
10039:
10035:
10031:
10026:
10022:
10018:
10013:
10009:
10005:
10001:
9997:
9993:
9989:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9975:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9956:
9952:
9947:
9932:
9928:
9922:
9915:
9914:
9908:
9904:
9900:
9896:
9892:
9888:
9884:
9880:
9876:
9872:
9867:
9863:
9861:
9854:
9850:
9844:
9840:
9835:
9831:
9825:
9821:
9816:
9812:
9806:
9802:
9797:
9793:
9787:
9783:
9778:
9774:
9769:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9734:(22): 22–29,
9733:
9729:
9722:
9717:
9713:
9707:
9703:
9699:
9694:
9690:
9684:
9680:
9675:
9671:
9665:
9661:
9656:
9652:
9647:
9643:
9639:
9635:
9631:
9626:
9622:
9620:0-644-29385-3
9616:
9612:
9607:
9603:
9599:
9595:
9591:
9587:
9583:
9579:
9575:
9571:
9567:
9562:
9558:
9554:
9550:
9546:
9545:
9539:
9535:
9529:
9525:
9521:
9520:Flannery, Tim
9517:
9502:
9498:
9494:
9490:
9486:
9483:(5): 99–126.
9482:
9478:
9471:
9466:
9451:
9447:
9443:
9436:
9431:
9427:
9421:
9417:
9412:
9408:
9402:
9398:
9394:
9390:
9385:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9368:
9363:
9362:
9341:
9337:
9331:
9315:
9311:
9305:
9289:
9285:
9279:
9263:
9259:
9253:
9237:
9233:
9229:
9222:
9216:
9212:
9209:
9203:
9187:
9183:
9176:
9170:
9164:
9156:
9150:
9146:
9139:
9123:
9119:
9113:
9097:
9093:
9089:
9082:
9066:
9062:
9058:
9051:
9035:
9031:
9027:
9020:
9001:
8994:
8988:
8972:
8968:
8964:
8957:
8950:
8945:
8938:
8933:
8931:
8924:, p. 40.
8923:
8918:
8902:
8898:
8894:
8888:
8872:
8868:
8864:
8858:
8842:
8840:
8832:
8830:
8822:
8817:
8810:
8805:
8799:, p. 118
8798:
8793:
8791:
8789:
8787:
8779:
8774:
8755:
8748:
8742:
8723:
8719:
8713:
8706:
8705:
8698:
8692:
8686:
8680:, p. 24.
8679:
8674:
8668:, p. 22.
8667:
8662:
8656:
8655:Pickard 1983a
8650:
8643:
8639:
8635:
8632:
8626:
8619:
8618:0-646-45419-6
8615:
8609:
8593:
8589:
8585:
8578:
8571:
8567:
8564:
8560:
8554:
8548:
8542:
8536:
8530:
8523:
8518:
8512:, p. 73.
8511:
8506:
8499:
8494:
8492:
8482:
8477:
8473:
8469:
8465:
8458:
8442:
8438:
8432:
8416:
8412:
8405:
8389:
8385:
8383:
8375:
8359:
8355:
8351:
8345:
8339:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8322:
8317:
8311:, p. 121
8310:
8305:
8303:
8296:
8291:
8284:
8279:
8273:, p. 92.
8272:
8267:
8261:, p. 82.
8260:
8255:
8249:, p. 80.
8248:
8243:
8237:, p. 74.
8236:
8231:
8225:, p. 72.
8224:
8219:
8213:, p. 70.
8212:
8207:
8201:, p. 68.
8200:
8195:
8189:, p. 84.
8188:
8183:
8166:
8162:
8155:
8148:
8143:
8141:
8133:
8128:
8122:, p. 98.
8121:
8116:
8105:
8101:
8094:
8087:
8068:
8061:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8049:
8040:
8034:
8030:
8023:
8017:, p. 37.
8016:
8011:
8004:
7999:
7983:
7979:
7973:
7958:
7954:
7947:
7945:
7938:, p. 35.
7937:
7932:
7925:
7924:Pickard 1983b
7920:
7913:
7908:
7901:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7879:
7873:
7857:
7853:
7847:
7831:
7825:
7809:
7803:
7787:
7783:
7777:
7761:
7757:
7751:
7744:
7739:
7723:
7719:
7713:
7697:
7693:
7687:
7676:
7672:
7665:
7659:
7657:
7655:
7653:
7636:
7632:
7626:
7619:
7614:
7598:
7594:
7587:
7585:
7568:
7564:
7558:
7552:, p. 11.
7551:
7546:
7539:
7534:
7518:
7514:
7508:
7492:
7488:
7482:
7474:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7433:
7427:, p. 30.
7426:
7421:
7414:
7409:
7402:
7397:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7362:
7355:
7350:
7343:
7338:
7336:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7292:
7276:
7272:
7266:
7260:, p. 18.
7259:
7254:
7235:
7228:
7222:
7206:
7202:
7196:
7180:
7176:
7170:
7154:
7150:
7144:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7103:on 3 May 2009
7102:
7098:
7092:
7085:
7080:
7064:
7060:
7054:
7038:
7034:
7028:
7026:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7004:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6981:
6962:
6955:
6949:
6947:
6945:
6943:
6936:, p. 117
6935:
6930:
6928:
6911:
6908:. Visit NSW.
6907:
6901:
6882:
6878:
6872:
6865:
6864:
6857:
6841:
6837:
6831:
6824:
6819:
6817:
6800:
6796:
6790:
6774:
6770:
6764:
6748:
6744:
6738:
6722:
6718:
6712:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6682:
6666:
6662:
6658:
6652:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6622:
6606:
6602:
6601:
6596:
6590:
6571:
6564:
6558:
6542:
6538:
6531:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6501:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6471:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6441:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6411:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6381:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6351:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6321:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6291:
6275:
6271:
6267:
6261:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6231:
6229:
6222:, p. 114
6221:
6216:
6214:
6206:
6201:
6195:, p. 110
6194:
6189:
6187:
6179:
6174:
6155:
6151:
6145:
6138:
6137:
6130:
6123:
6118:
6111:
6106:
6099:
6094:
6087:
6082:
6075:
6070:
6054:
6050:
6044:
6040:
6039:
6031:
6024:
6011:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5978:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5933:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5902:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5871:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5855:
5850:
5834:
5830:
5826:
5820:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5790:
5784:
5781:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5755:
5752:
5747:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5717:
5710:
5705:
5698:
5693:
5687:, p. 139
5686:
5681:
5679:
5671:
5666:
5664:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5624:
5619:
5613:, p. 40.
5612:
5607:
5605:
5598:
5592:
5585:
5580:
5573:
5568:
5552:
5548:
5542:
5540:
5533:, p. 33.
5532:
5527:
5520:
5515:
5509:
5508:Starbuck 1878
5503:
5496:
5491:
5484:
5479:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5457:
5452:
5450:
5443:, p. 30.
5442:
5437:
5430:
5425:
5419:, p. 34.
5418:
5413:
5406:
5401:
5395:, p. 23.
5394:
5389:
5383:, p. 38.
5382:
5377:
5371:, p. 32.
5370:
5365:
5363:
5356:, p. 17.
5355:
5350:
5343:
5338:
5332:, p. 21.
5331:
5326:
5319:
5314:
5295:
5291:
5285:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5264:
5258:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5226:
5219:, p. 10.
5218:
5213:
5207:
5202:
5196:
5191:
5184:
5179:
5163:
5159:
5153:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5111:
5107:
5101:
5085:
5081:
5077:
5071:
5055:
5051:
5045:
5043:
5035:
5032:
5027:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4977:. 21 May 2007
4976:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4958:
4950:
4945:
4929:
4925:
4919:
4903:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4864:
4860:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4819:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4798:
4793:
4791:
4783:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4766:
4761:
4759:
4751:
4746:
4744:
4727:
4723:
4717:
4715:
4705:
4686:
4679:
4673:
4666:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4597:
4593:
4587:
4568:
4561:
4555:
4551:
4542:
4539:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4517:
4514:
4508:
4503:
4500:
4489:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4455:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4434:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4343:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4208:Paraplutellus
4204:
4203:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4159:
4156:) painted by
4155:
4154:
4148:
4132:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3996:
3992:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3933:
3927:Invertebrates
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3862:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3661:
3660:grey ternlets
3657:
3653:
3652:black noddies
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3620:
3616:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3572:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3541:
3532:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3436:
3435:canterburyana
3434:
3429:
3428:H. belmoreana
3425:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3357:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3237:, an endemic
3236:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3180:New Caledonia
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3107:New Caledonia
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2882:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2812:precipitation
2808:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2528:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2346:, coral, and
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2331:
2325:
2321:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2252:
2245:
2240:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2152:
2146:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1915:at 240 volts
1914:
1909:
1908:Island Trader
1895:
1894:Island Trader
1891:
1887:
1885:
1884:national park
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1803:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1537:absolute gift
1534:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1502:regulate the
1500:
1495:
1494:British Crown
1489:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1436:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1411:
1409:
1408:Island Trader
1404:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1391:
1388:In 2002, the
1381:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1330:The Favourite
1326:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:Charles Moore
1236:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:William Milne
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1145:, 15 May 1852
1144:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:Rover's Bride
1111:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
982:
977:
973:
968:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
938:
933:
932:
927:
926:
921:
920:
910:
906:
905:
900:
896:
895:
889:
885:
884:at the time.
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:
848:
841:
837:
832:
823:
821:
817:
813:
808:
804:
803:South Pacific
800:
785:
783:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:
640:
635:
633:
629:
624:
615:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
571:
556:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
497:Official name
495:
491:
486:
482:
479:1/00/373/0001
478:
474:
471:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
442:Official name
440:
436:
431:
427:
424:
421:
417:
414:
411:
407:
402:
397:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
368:Official name
366:
362:
357:
353:
349:
347:
343:
336:
332:
329:
328:
326:
322:
316:
309:
305:
302:
301:
299:
297:
293:
288:
284:
280:
276:
268:
265:
264:
262:
258:
253:
250:
245:
241:
237:
234:
229:
225:
222:
218:
214:
213:
207:
202:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
159:Major islands
157:
153:
151:Total islands
149:
144:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
97:
90:
85:
80:
73:
68:
56:
53:December 2022
44:
39:
30:
29:
26:
22:
10469:
10400:
10346:
10318:
10314:
10285:
10281:
10264:
10260:
10238:(7–8): 979.
10235:
10231:
10149:
10145:
10124:
10120:
10111:
10086:
10082:
10075:
10066:
10033:
10029:
10020:
10017:Cunninghamia
10016:
9991:
9987:
9973:
9950:
9938:. Retrieved
9931:the original
9912:
9902:
9874:
9870:
9857:
9838:
9819:
9800:
9781:
9772:
9761:, retrieved
9731:
9727:
9697:
9678:
9659:
9650:
9633:
9629:
9610:
9569:
9565:
9548:
9542:
9523:
9508:. Retrieved
9480:
9476:
9457:. Retrieved
9445:
9441:
9415:
9396:
9374:
9370:
9344:. Retrieved
9330:
9318:. Retrieved
9304:
9292:. Retrieved
9278:
9266:. Retrieved
9252:
9242:18 September
9240:. Retrieved
9232:The Guardian
9231:
9221:
9202:
9190:. Retrieved
9186:the original
9175:
9163:
9144:
9138:
9126:. Retrieved
9121:
9112:
9100:. Retrieved
9091:
9081:
9069:. Retrieved
9061:The Guardian
9060:
9050:
9038:. Retrieved
9029:
9019:
9007:. Retrieved
9000:the original
8987:
8975:. Retrieved
8966:
8956:
8951:, p. 5.
8949:Hutton 2010c
8944:
8937:Nichols 2006
8917:
8905:. Retrieved
8896:
8887:
8875:. Retrieved
8866:
8863:"Background"
8857:
8845:. Retrieved
8838:
8821:Nichols 2006
8816:
8809:Nichols 2006
8804:
8797:Nichols 2006
8780:, p. 6.
8773:
8761:. Retrieved
8741:
8729:. Retrieved
8703:
8697:
8685:
8673:
8661:
8649:
8625:
8608:
8596:. Retrieved
8587:
8577:
8553:
8547:Coleman 2001
8541:
8529:
8517:
8505:
8471:
8467:
8457:
8445:. Retrieved
8431:
8419:. Retrieved
8404:
8392:. Retrieved
8381:
8374:
8362:. Retrieved
8358:the original
8353:
8344:
8316:
8309:Nichols 2006
8290:
8278:
8266:
8254:
8242:
8230:
8218:
8206:
8194:
8182:
8169:. Retrieved
8165:the original
8154:
8147:Hutton 2010b
8134:, p. 15
8127:
8120:Nichols 2006
8115:
8104:the original
8099:
8086:
8074:. Retrieved
8067:the original
8028:
8022:
8015:Hutton 2010a
8010:
8005:, p. 4.
8003:Hutton 2010a
7998:
7986:. Retrieved
7972:
7960:. Retrieved
7956:
7931:
7919:
7914:, p. 1.
7907:
7872:
7860:. Retrieved
7852:"Ecoregions"
7846:
7836:20 September
7834:. Retrieved
7824:
7814:20 September
7812:. Retrieved
7802:
7792:15 September
7790:. Retrieved
7776:
7764:. Retrieved
7750:
7738:
7726:. Retrieved
7712:
7700:. Retrieved
7696:the original
7686:
7675:the original
7670:
7639:. Retrieved
7625:
7613:
7601:. Retrieved
7571:. Retrieved
7557:
7545:
7533:
7521:. Retrieved
7517:the original
7507:
7495:. Retrieved
7481:
7446:
7442:
7432:
7420:
7408:
7396:
7371:
7367:
7361:
7356:, p. 7.
7349:
7322:. Retrieved
7313:
7303:
7291:
7279:. Retrieved
7265:
7253:
7241:. Retrieved
7234:the original
7221:
7209:. Retrieved
7205:the original
7195:
7183:. Retrieved
7169:
7157:. Retrieved
7143:
7131:. Retrieved
7127:the original
7117:
7105:. Retrieved
7101:the original
7091:
7084:Nichols 2006
7079:
7067:. Retrieved
7063:the original
7053:
7041:. Retrieved
7037:the original
7016:
7013:RenewEconomy
7012:
7003:
6991:RenewEconomy
6990:
6980:
6968:. Retrieved
6961:the original
6934:Nichols 2006
6914:. Retrieved
6900:
6888:. Retrieved
6881:the original
6862:
6856:
6844:. Retrieved
6840:the original
6830:
6823:Nichols 2006
6803:. Retrieved
6798:
6789:
6777:. Retrieved
6772:
6763:
6751:. Retrieved
6746:
6737:
6725:. Retrieved
6720:
6711:
6699:. Retrieved
6690:
6681:
6669:. Retrieved
6660:
6651:
6639:. Retrieved
6630:
6621:
6609:. Retrieved
6598:
6589:
6577:. Retrieved
6557:
6545:. Retrieved
6530:
6518:. Retrieved
6509:
6500:
6488:. Retrieved
6479:
6470:
6458:. Retrieved
6449:
6440:
6428:. Retrieved
6419:
6410:
6398:. Retrieved
6389:
6380:
6368:. Retrieved
6359:
6350:
6338:. Retrieved
6329:
6320:
6308:. Retrieved
6299:
6290:
6278:. Retrieved
6269:
6260:
6248:. Retrieved
6239:
6220:Nichols 2006
6205:Nichols 2006
6200:
6193:Nichols 2006
6178:Nichols 2006
6173:
6161:. Retrieved
6154:the original
6135:
6129:
6124:, p. 3.
6117:
6110:Nichols 2006
6105:
6098:Nichols 2006
6093:
6086:Nichols 2006
6081:
6074:Nichols 2006
6069:
6057:. Retrieved
6037:
6030:
6013:. Retrieved
6009:
5981:. Retrieved
5950:. Retrieved
5941:
5932:
5920:. Retrieved
5911:
5901:
5889:. Retrieved
5881:The Guardian
5880:
5870:
5864:The Guardian
5863:
5849:
5837:. Retrieved
5828:
5819:
5807:. Retrieved
5798:
5789:
5783:Cosmopolitan
5782:
5772:The Shallows
5771:
5765:
5746:
5734:. Retrieved
5725:
5716:
5704:
5697:Nichols 2006
5692:
5685:Nichols 2006
5672:, p. 15
5650:. Retrieved
5640:
5630:
5623:Nichols 2006
5618:
5591:
5584:Mueller 1875
5579:
5572:Nichols 2006
5567:
5555:. Retrieved
5526:
5514:
5502:
5490:
5483:Nichols 2006
5478:
5473:, p. 30
5471:Nichols 2006
5458:, p. 36
5456:Nichols 2006
5436:
5431:, p. 24
5429:Nichols 2006
5424:
5417:Nichols 2006
5412:
5400:
5388:
5376:
5369:Nichols 2006
5354:Nichols 2006
5349:
5342:Nichols 2006
5337:
5330:Nichols 2006
5325:
5320:, p. 8.
5318:Nichols 2006
5313:
5301:. Retrieved
5294:the original
5275:
5269:
5257:
5245:. Retrieved
5236:
5212:
5201:
5190:
5185:, p. 5.
5183:Nichols 2006
5178:
5166:. Retrieved
5152:
5140:. Retrieved
5126:
5114:. Retrieved
5100:
5088:. Retrieved
5079:
5070:
5058:. Retrieved
5016:. Retrieved
5005:
4979:. Retrieved
4968:
4944:
4932:. Retrieved
4918:
4906:. Retrieved
4867:. Retrieved
4835:, p. 74
4833:Nichols 2006
4799:, p. 28
4797:Nichols 2006
4765:Nichols 2006
4752:, p. 81
4730:. Retrieved
4704:
4692:. Retrieved
4685:the original
4672:
4655:. Retrieved
4651:
4638:
4626:. Retrieved
4612:
4600:. Retrieved
4586:
4574:. Retrieved
4554:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4440:
4430:
4415:Tim Flannery
4412:
4396:
4391:Robyn Parker
4384:
4381:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4359:Madeira vine
4355:cherry guava
4342:Formosa lily
4338:Crofton weed
4335:
4302:
4295:Tasman booby
4279:
4259:
4251:
4244:
4238:
4228:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4199:, the leech
4194:
4188:
4182:
4176:
4170:
4163:
4158:George Raper
4151:
4142:Conservation
4116:Masked booby
4062:sperm whales
4042:
4023:
4000:
3980:Cafius gigas
3979:
3975:
3964:
3950:
3946:
3940:
3917:
3903:garden skink
3892:
3873:
3865:
3864:Skeleton of
3848:
3838:
3831:(endangered)
3828:
3818:
3808:
3798:
3788:
3778:
3768:
3758:
3748:
3738:
3728:
3717:
3690:
3664:
3625:
3584:flesh-footed
3573:
3546:
3530:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3493:Kentia palms
3438:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3413:
3407:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3330:
3314:218 (47.5%)
3300:Naturalised
3277:
3270:
3264:
3258:
3247:kentia palms
3232:
3230:
3214:cloud forest
3206:
3202:South Africa
3195:
3192:Gondwanaland
3169:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3129:
3088:
3080:
2814:mm (inches)
2399:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2376:
2364:
2328:
2317:
2269:igneous rock
2261:
2224:mantle plume
2217:
2169:Tasman Basin
2158:
2149:
2122:
2099:
2061:
2038:) and large
2035:
2028:
2024:black corals
2012:scuba diving
2004:glass-bottom
1965:
1929:
1924:
1907:
1904:
1893:
1852:scuba diving
1849:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1722:
1719:Commonwealth
1706:
1565:
1555:
1527:
1508:
1491:
1459:
1456:Demographics
1450:
1440:
1432:
1425:
1421:Blake Lively
1416:The Shallows
1414:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1395:
1387:
1384:21st century
1350:World War II
1335:
1329:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1279:Bowie Wilson
1270:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1217:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1164:
1159:Henry Denham
1156:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1122:smut disease
1113:
1106:New Hebrides
1103:
1082:
1068:
1059:
1038:
1033:
1021:
1018:sperm whales
1010:Third Fleets
1001:
994:George Raper
989:
979:
975:
969:
964:
960:
958:
954:Lady Penrhyn
953:
945:
944:, Master of
936:
931:Lady Penrhyn
929:
924:
918:
914:
904:Lady Penrhyn
903:
892:
852:
844:
839:
806:
796:
766:
762:
756:
723:upper mantle
709:
666:
662:World War II
658:kentia palms
644:
636:
620:
575:
554:
553:
516:2 April 1999
423:Asia-Pacific
282:Pop. density
255:Demographics
247:Part of the
242:Part of the
210:
50:
42:
25:
10522:Riversleigh
10321:: 265–273.
10267:: S70–S78.
10193:Attribution
8977:27 December
8922:Hutton 1986
8907:27 December
8897:caws.org.nz
8877:27 December
8598:20 November
8510:Hutton 1986
8295:Hutton 1990
8283:Hutton 1990
8271:Hutton 1990
8259:Hutton 1990
8247:Hutton 1990
8235:Hutton 1990
8223:Hutton 1990
8211:Hutton 1990
8199:Hutton 1990
8187:Hutton 1990
8171:10 December
8149:, p. 2
8132:Hutton 1986
7936:Hutton 1986
7902:, p. 2
7878:Hutton 1986
7425:Hutton 2009
7413:Hutton 1986
7354:Hutton 1986
7296:Hutton 1986
7258:Rabone 1972
6122:Hutton 1986
6015:1 September
5709:Hutton 1986
5611:Rabone 1972
5531:Rabone 1972
5519:Hutton 1986
5495:Rabone 1972
5441:Rabone 1972
5405:Rabone 1972
5393:Rabone 1972
5381:Rabone 1972
5263:Hutton 1986
5217:Rabone 1972
4949:Hutton 1986
4820:, p. 2
4818:Hutton 1986
4784:, p. 1
4782:Hutton 1986
4767:, p. 4
4750:Hutton 1986
4694:22 December
4602:23 November
4364:Cotoneaster
4353:, but also
4220:Eastoniella
4193:, the tree
4019:nudibranchs
3995:Parrot fish
3986:Marine life
3973:rove beetle
3965:Placostylus
3911:Pleistocene
3656:white terns
3644:Sooty terns
3311:105 (43.6%)
3280:understorey
3218:Mount Gower
2324:Pleistocene
2320:calcarenite
2297:agglomerate
2285:pyroclastic
2110:Mount Gower
2072:New Zealand
2008:snorkelling
1996:kitesurfing
1992:windsurfing
1960:Bushwalking
1856:snorkelling
1766:West Sydney
1751:East Sydney
1595:Sydney-King
1574:districts:
1529:Land tenure
1426:During the
1358:Sandringham
1296:Burns Philp
1274:kentia palm
1161:captain of
1083:This was a
1073:New Zealand
998:John Hunter
937:Scarborough
909:First Fleet
858:First Fleet
588:New Zealand
574:; formerly
476:File number
461:21 May 2007
275:2016 census
198:Mount Gower
138: /
126:159°05′06″E
114:Coordinates
10693:Categories
10563:Naracoorte
10510:Queensland
10089:(4): 263.
10023:: 133–266.
9940:24 January
9653:: 635–654.
9459:22 January
9346:12 October
9320:12 October
9294:12 October
9268:12 October
9169:Jones 2004
9102:18 January
9071:8 February
8076:24 January
7912:Green 1994
7900:Green 1994
7743:Green 1994
7449:(121374).
6805:29 October
6779:29 October
6753:29 October
6727:29 October
6701:29 October
6671:29 October
6641:29 October
6611:29 October
6579:29 October
6547:29 October
6520:29 October
6490:29 October
6460:29 October
6430:29 October
6400:29 October
6370:29 October
6340:29 October
6310:29 October
6280:29 October
6250:29 October
6163:24 January
6059:7 November
5922:31 January
5670:Green 1994
5652:16 January
5168:17 January
5142:17 January
5116:17 January
4387:Tony Burke
4293:, and the
4235:hemipteran
4053:sei whales
3670:subspecies
3613:feral cats
3498:Curly palm
3349:columnaris
3294:Indigenous
3241:of palms (
3188:Queensland
3103:New Guinea
2886:(≥ 0.2 mm)
2385:under the
2354:and green
2273:lava flows
2228:Taupo Bank
2084:coral reef
2064:Tasman Sea
1976:lawn bowls
1974:(9-hole),
1943:Activities
1925:The Signal
1901:Facilities
1802:palm seeds
1591:1894–1904
1486:See also:
1396:Nottingham
1392:destroyer
1390:Royal Navy
1380:aircraft.
1374:QantasLink
1346:floatplane
1222:, and the
880:, who was
836:silhouette
793:Prehistory
777:, and the
733:, nesting
731:coral reef
650:Botany Bay
623:coral reef
580:Tasman Sea
513:Designated
458:Designated
392:Designated
260:Population
123:31°33′15″S
108:Tasman Sea
10646:Shark Bay
10213:CC-BY 4.0
9510:29 August
9497:0067-1967
9009:31 August
8763:20 August
8447:19 August
8364:18 August
7988:27 August
7862:23 August
7728:29 August
7702:29 August
7641:29 August
7603:27 August
7573:27 August
7523:27 August
7497:27 August
7473:0009-2541
7243:28 August
7211:28 August
7185:28 August
7159:28 August
7133:28 August
7107:28 August
7043:20 August
6970:20 August
6890:27 August
5983:20 August
5952:7 January
5891:2 October
5597:Hill 1870
5557:31 August
5237:catalogue
5090:11 August
5060:20 August
5031:CC-BY 4.0
4732:27 August
4628:19 August
4547:Citations
4535:Jim Lacey
4299:black rat
4178:Hedyscepe
4026:cetaceans
3921:platyceps
3919:Meiolania
3888:ship rats
3851:(extinct)
3841:(extinct)
3821:(extinct)
3811:(extinct)
3771:(extinct)
3761:(extinct)
3667:passerine
3549:migratory
3433:Hedyscepe
3401:kava bush
3266:Hedyscepe
3243:Arecaceae
3165:Hedyscepe
3147:Lordhowea
3121:species.
3091:ecoregion
2981:dew point
2332:platyceps
2330:Meiolania
2254:Volcanic
2197:Elizabeth
2193:Middleton
2181:Gondwanan
2173:Zealandia
2153:platyceps
2151:Meiolania
2068:Australia
2047:Geography
1937:rainwater
1736:District
1668:Elizabeth
1583:District
1541:squatters
1504:palm seed
1471:Adventist
1452:decades.
1419:starring
1401:Wolf Rock
1394:HMS
1290:1890–1999
1251:Melbourne
1184:from the
1062:June 1834
1042:Whale oil
925:Charlotte
917:HMS
851:HMS
771:ecoregion
753:Bioregion
681:UTC+10:30
677:time zone
584:Australia
308:UTC+10:30
296:Time zone
212:Australia
99:Geography
10598:Victoria
10572:Tasmania
10375:Archived
10184:22049973
10176:19674312
9901:(1875).
9754:archived
9594:17614906
9557:2246/614
9522:(2006).
9501:Archived
9450:Archived
9448:: 9–25.
9395:(2001).
9340:Archived
9314:Archived
9288:Archived
9262:Archived
9236:Archived
9211:Archived
9122:ABC News
9096:Archived
9092:ABC News
9065:Archived
9040:7 August
9034:Archived
8971:Archived
8901:Archived
8871:Archived
8754:Archived
8722:Archived
8634:Archived
8592:Archived
8566:Archived
8561:. 2002.
8441:Archived
8415:Archived
8388:Archived
7982:Archived
7962:20 April
7856:Archived
7786:Archived
7760:Archived
7722:Archived
7635:Archived
7597:Archived
7567:Archived
7491:Archived
7318:Archived
7281:30 April
7275:Archived
7179:Archived
7153:Archived
6995:Archived
6910:Archived
6695:Archived
6665:Archived
6635:Archived
6605:Archived
6570:Archived
6541:Archived
6514:Archived
6484:Archived
6454:Archived
6424:Archived
6394:Archived
6364:Archived
6334:Archived
6304:Archived
6274:Archived
6244:Archived
6053:Archived
5977:Archived
5946:Archived
5916:Archived
5885:Archived
5857:Archived
5833:Archived
5809:19 April
5803:Archived
5776:Archived
5754:Archived
5730:Archived
5726:BBC News
5646:Archived
5638:(1882).
5551:Archived
5241:Archived
5162:Archived
5136:Archived
5110:Archived
5084:Archived
5054:Archived
5014:. H00970
4934:20 April
4928:Archived
4902:Archived
4863:Archived
4726:Archived
4622:Archived
4596:Archived
4576:19 April
4567:Archived
4485:See also
4321:and the
4230:Stigmops
3905:and the
3897:and the
3672:are the
3607:and the
3601:Roy Bell
3576:seabirds
3442:mooreana
3405:mushroom
3365:howeanum
3356:forsteri
3354:Pandanus
3334:mooreana
2983:°C (°F)
2979:Average
2931:Average
2879:(57.52)
2810:Average
2360:alluvial
2352:diopside
2066:between
2032:kingfish
2020:gorgonia
2000:kayaking
1988:yachting
1864:kayaking
1463:Anglican
1439:SS
1366:Rose Bay
1354:Catalina
1265:thatched
1089:bartered
1069:Caroline
735:seabirds
701:Brisbane
582:between
537:Category
384:Criteria
346:Postcode
104:Location
10323:Bibcode
10290:Bibcode
10240:Bibcode
10216:licence
10154:Bibcode
10091:Bibcode
10058:2844639
10038:Bibcode
9996:Bibcode
9879:Bibcode
9763:25 June
9736:Bibcode
9574:Bibcode
9192:7 April
9128:9 March
8847:19 June
8731:25 June
8421:3 April
8413:. NPR.
8394:21 June
7766:20 June
7451:Bibcode
7376:Bibcode
7324:3 April
7069:21 June
6846:23 June
5736:15 June
5303:20 June
5247:1 April
5034:licence
4981:18 July
4908:15 June
4869:15 June
4376:Cestrum
4303:Makambo
4240:Howeria
4227:shrimp
4167:generic
4101:Woodhen
4034:dolphin
3969:endemic
3947:Makambo
3527:Animals
3399:). The
3347:subsp.
3297:Endemic
3260:Cyathea
3209:endemic
3184:Vanuatu
3119:endemic
3048:(57.5)
3043:(61.3)
3038:(58.6)
3033:(55.4)
3028:(54.1)
3023:(50.9)
3018:(51.4)
3013:(53.1)
3008:(55.8)
3003:(58.6)
2998:(61.9)
2993:(64.0)
2988:(64.4)
2877:1,460.9
2874:(3.98)
2869:(4.37)
2864:(3.90)
2859:(4.31)
2854:(4.12)
2849:(5.43)
2844:(6.67)
2839:(6.03)
2834:(5.46)
2829:(4.99)
2824:(4.21)
2819:(4.04)
2805:(42.6)
2800:(52.5)
2795:(48.6)
2790:(46.0)
2785:(42.6)
2780:(43.5)
2775:(43.0)
2770:(45.5)
2765:(47.7)
2760:(52.2)
2755:(55.9)
2750:(56.7)
2745:(55.6)
2735:(62.9)
2730:(66.6)
2725:(63.3)
2720:(60.3)
2715:(58.5)
2710:(56.5)
2705:(57.0)
2700:(58.6)
2695:(61.3)
2690:(64.6)
2685:(68.2)
2680:(70.0)
2675:(69.4)
2665:(67.5)
2660:(71.1)
2655:(67.5)
2650:(65.1)
2645:(63.3)
2640:(61.5)
2635:(61.7)
2630:(63.3)
2625:(66.2)
2620:(69.4)
2615:(72.7)
2610:(74.3)
2605:(73.8)
2595:(72.0)
2590:(75.4)
2585:(72.3)
2580:(69.8)
2575:(68.2)
2570:(66.4)
2565:(66.4)
2560:(67.8)
2555:(70.9)
2550:(74.1)
2545:(77.0)
2540:(78.4)
2535:(77.9)
2525:(88.3)
2520:(83.1)
2515:(82.4)
2510:(77.7)
2505:(74.5)
2500:(74.1)
2495:(73.8)
2490:(75.0)
2485:(78.4)
2480:(81.3)
2475:(82.8)
2470:(88.3)
2465:(86.0)
2373:Climate
2362:soils.
2356:olivine
2340:granite
2293:breccia
2291:(ash),
2277:caldera
2256:breccia
2242:Basalt
2209:hotspot
1984:fishing
1968:cycling
1913:battery
1906:by the
1868:fishing
1860:surfing
1838:Tourism
1791:Economy
1733:Period
1653:Phillip
1580:Period
1441:Makambo
1399:struck
1309:Makambo
1304:Morinda
1300:Morinda
1262:battens
1110:Vanuatu
984:), and
801:of the
788:History
761:region
453:Natural
401:session
379:Natural
43:updated
10527:K'gari
10354:
10182:
10174:
10056:
9957:
9923:
9845:
9826:
9807:
9788:
9708:
9685:
9666:
9617:
9602:175637
9600:
9592:
9530:
9495:
9422:
9403:
9151:
8714:
8616:
8035:
7471:
6916:25 May
6873:
6146:
6045:
5839:3 July
5286:
5018:2 June
4657:7 July
4373:, and
4317:, the
4313:, the
4309:, the
4289:, the
4246:Howeta
4225:isopod
4223:), an
4196:Negria
4051:, and
3915:turtle
3876:mammal
3680:, and
3648:Common
3595:. The
3555:as an
3412:, and
3389:Negria
3363:subsp.
3222:mosses
3162:, and
3141:Negria
3105:, and
3071:Plants
2926:200.4
2416:Month
2336:quartz
2265:basalt
2189:guyots
2114:saddle
2087:lagoon
2080:Sydney
2040:wrasse
2010:, and
1980:tennis
1866:, and
1781:Sydney
1777:–date
1762:–1969
1747:–1955
1739:Notes
1694:–date
1683:McKell
1679:–1991
1664:–1988
1649:–1981
1636:–1973
1625:Sydney
1621:–1927
1606:–1920
1586:Notes
1535:or an
1469:, and
1435:rodent
1235:Thetis
1165:Herald
1133:Herald
1118:onions
1066:barque
1006:Second
1002:Supply
965:Supply
961:Supply
948:, and
946:Supply
919:Supply
853:Supply
840:Supply
765:(code
719:forest
711:UNESCO
703:, and
697:Sydney
685:UTC+11
645:Supply
600:Sydney
470:105694
419:Region
387:vii, x
335:UTC+11
10180:S2CID
10054:JSTOR
9934:(PDF)
9917:(PDF)
9860:CSIRO
9757:(PDF)
9724:(PDF)
9598:S2CID
9504:(PDF)
9473:(PDF)
9453:(PDF)
9438:(PDF)
9003:(PDF)
8996:(PDF)
8757:(PDF)
8750:(PDF)
8725:(PDF)
8708:(PDF)
8107:(PDF)
8096:(PDF)
8070:(PDF)
8063:(PDF)
7678:(PDF)
7667:(PDF)
7237:(PDF)
7230:(PDF)
6964:(PDF)
6957:(PDF)
6884:(PDF)
6867:(PDF)
6573:(PDF)
6566:(PDF)
6157:(PDF)
6140:(PDF)
5297:(PDF)
5280:(PDF)
4688:(PDF)
4681:(PDF)
4570:(PDF)
4563:(PDF)
4468:Sport
4370:Ochna
4172:Howea
4131:Coral
3535:Birds
3291:Total
3255:ferns
3239:genus
3234:Howea
3226:ferns
3153:Howea
3111:water
2923:12.7
2920:13.5
2917:13.7
2914:16.5
2911:19.8
2908:22.7
2905:21.5
2902:20.7
2899:18.3
2896:15.3
2893:13.1
2890:12.6
2872:101.1
2867:110.9
2857:109.5
2852:104.7
2847:138.0
2842:169.4
2837:153.2
2832:138.7
2827:126.8
2822:107.0
2817:102.5
2455:Year
2344:shell
2281:dikes
2244:dikes
1639:King
1228:Sylph
1201:Belle
1137:Torch
1078:Māori
820:biota
782:biome
687:when
683:, or
399:(6th
10352:ISBN
10172:PMID
9955:ISBN
9942:2014
9921:ISBN
9843:ISBN
9824:ISBN
9805:ISBN
9786:ISBN
9765:2011
9706:ISBN
9683:ISBN
9664:ISBN
9615:ISBN
9590:PMID
9528:ISBN
9512:2011
9493:ISSN
9461:2019
9420:ISBN
9401:ISBN
9348:2020
9322:2020
9296:2020
9270:2020
9244:2019
9194:2016
9167:See
9149:ISBN
9130:2023
9104:2020
9073:2016
9042:2012
9011:2011
8979:2019
8909:2019
8879:2019
8849:2011
8765:2011
8733:2011
8712:ISBN
8689:See
8653:See
8614:ISBN
8600:2015
8557:The
8545:See
8533:See
8449:2011
8423:2018
8396:2011
8366:2012
8173:2012
8078:2014
8033:ISBN
7990:2011
7964:2021
7864:2011
7838:2023
7816:2023
7794:2017
7768:2011
7730:2011
7704:2011
7643:2011
7605:2011
7575:2011
7525:2011
7499:2011
7469:ISSN
7326:2018
7283:2014
7245:2011
7213:2011
7187:2011
7161:2011
7135:2011
7109:2011
7071:2011
7045:2011
6972:2011
6918:2013
6892:2011
6871:ISBN
6848:2011
6807:2021
6781:2021
6755:2021
6729:2021
6703:2021
6673:2021
6643:2021
6613:2021
6581:2021
6549:2021
6522:2021
6492:2021
6462:2021
6432:2021
6402:2021
6372:2021
6342:2021
6312:2021
6282:2021
6252:2021
6165:2014
6144:ISBN
6061:2015
6043:ISBN
6017:2014
5985:2011
5954:2018
5924:2021
5893:2021
5841:2021
5811:2020
5738:2011
5654:2021
5595:See
5559:2011
5506:See
5305:2011
5284:ISBN
5261:See
5249:2014
5170:2021
5144:2021
5118:2021
5092:2018
5062:2011
5020:2018
4983:2017
4936:2009
4910:2011
4871:2011
4734:2011
4696:2011
4659:2017
4630:2011
4604:2019
4578:2009
4421:and
4349:and
4340:and
4237:bug
4233:, a
4217:and
4181:and
4060:and
4045:blue
3941:The
3650:and
3586:and
3374:and
3269:and
3178:and
3046:14.2
3041:16.3
3036:14.8
3031:13.0
3026:12.3
3021:10.5
3016:10.8
3011:11.7
3006:13.2
3001:14.8
2996:16.6
2991:17.8
2986:18.0
2935:(%)
2862:99.0
2798:11.4
2758:11.2
2753:13.3
2748:13.7
2743:13.1
2733:17.1
2728:19.2
2723:17.4
2718:15.7
2713:14.7
2708:13.6
2703:13.9
2698:14.8
2693:16.3
2688:18.1
2683:20.1
2678:21.1
2673:20.8
2663:19.7
2658:21.7
2653:19.7
2648:18.4
2643:17.4
2638:16.4
2633:16.5
2628:17.4
2623:19.0
2618:20.8
2613:22.6
2608:23.5
2603:23.2
2593:22.2
2588:24.1
2583:22.4
2578:21.0
2573:20.1
2568:19.1
2563:19.1
2558:19.9
2553:21.6
2548:23.4
2543:25.0
2538:25.8
2533:25.5
2523:31.3
2518:28.4
2513:28.0
2508:25.4
2503:23.6
2498:23.4
2493:23.2
2488:23.9
2483:25.8
2478:27.4
2473:28.2
2468:31.3
2463:30.0
2452:Dec
2449:Nov
2446:Oct
2443:Sep
2440:Aug
2437:Jul
2434:Jun
2431:May
2428:Apr
2425:Mar
2422:Feb
2419:Jan
2289:tuff
2175:, a
2070:and
2022:and
1972:golf
1775:1969
1760:1955
1745:1901
1692:1991
1677:1988
1662:1981
1647:1973
1634:1927
1619:1920
1610:King
1604:1904
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