Avro Shackleton - Knowledge

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proved to be fairly maintenance-intensive. The prototype MR 3 was lost due to poor stalling characteristics; this was rectified prior to production, although a satisfactory stall-warning device was not installed until 1969. The Shackleton is often incorrectly assigned the unfortunate distinction of holding the record for the highest number of aircrew killed in one type in peacetime in the RAF. The true figures suggest rather differently in that some of its contemporaries fared far worse, such as the Gloster Meteor with over 430 fatal losses of aircrew against the Shackleton's 156. Several programs to support and extend the fatigue life limits of the Shackleton's airframe were required; the fatigue life problems ultimately necessitated the rapid introduction of a whole new maritime patrol aircraft in the form of the

902:, acquiring components for the Shackleton fleet became increasingly difficult and thus the aircraft's serviceability suffered. The fleet had been modified to Phase III standards prior to the implementation of the arms embargo, albeit without the auxiliary Viper engine. Two of the aircraft were re-sparred, 1716 J in the United Kingdom and 1717 O in South Africa by the SAAF, but the lack of engine spares and tyres, together with airframe fatigue, took a gradual toll. By November 1984, the fatigue lives of all but the two re-sparred aircraft had expired and the fleet was retired into storage. Although the joke has been applied to several aircraft, the Shackleton was often described as "a hundred thousand rivets flying in close formation." 388: 876: 1054: 564: 509: 429: 656: 1132: 1114: 1035:

tactical team positions. To make room for some of the internal rearrangement the dorsal turret was not fitted. The first MR.3 flew on 2 September 1955; the aircraft had problems with stalling characteristics and crashed on 7 December 1956. The variant entered service with 220 Squadron at RAF St Eval in August 1957. The RAF ordered 52 aircraft but later following the 1956 Defence Review it was reduced to 33 aircraft. An additional aircraft was also built to replace the aircraft lost during stalling trials. An additional eight aircraft were exported to

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from the Tudor outer wings; at one stage during development, the tailplane had closely resembled the Lincoln's, but was enlarged and changed soon after. An entirely new fuselage was adopted, being wider and deeper to provide a large space in which to accommodate the crew, their equipment, and a large bomb bay. Later variants of the Shackleton were substantially redesigned, adopting a new nosewheel undercarriage, redesigned wings and centre-section, and a larger fuel capacity for more range.

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17 June 1952. After trials were successful, it was decided to complete the last ten aircraft being built under the Mk 1 contract to MR 2 standard and further orders were placed for new aircraft. In order to keep pace with changing submarine threats, the Mk 2 force was progressively upgraded, with Phase I, II and III modifications introducing improved radar, weapons and other systems, as well as structural work to increase fatigue life. Production of the MR 2 ended in May 1954.

1881: 1869: 1857: 1593: 1027: 603: 340: 379:. These did not feature on production aircraft due to judgments of ineffectiveness or performance difficulties incurred. However, the performance of the prototype had been such that, in addition to the go-ahead for the MR1's production, a specification for improved variant was issued in December 1949, before the first production Shackleton had even flown. By 1951, the MR1 had become officially considered as an interim type due to several shortcomings. 1483: 583:, which led to reduced fuel consumption in the denser air at low altitudes; the Shackleton would often loiter for several hours at roughly 500 ft (150 m) or lower when searching for submarines. Lower-revving Griffons, compared to Merlins, reduced engine stress which improved their reliability. Using conventional propellers would have needed an increase in propeller diameter to absorb the engine's power and 759: 849: 544:. A special camera bay housed several reconnaissance cameras capable of medium altitude and nighttime vertical photography, and low-altitude oblique photography. The crew would also perform visual searches using various lookout positions that were provided for this purpose. Weapons carried included up to nine bombs, three homing 1034:

Shackleton MR.Mk.3 Maritime reconnaissance, anti-shipping aircraft. The tailwheel configuration was replaced by a tricycle undercarriage, addition of a nose entrance hatch, wingtip tanks to increase fuel capacity. To increase crew comfort the inside was sound proofed, better crew seats and rearranged

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The Mark 2 had a longer nose and the radome was moved to the ventral position. Lookout position in tail. Dorsal turret and two more 20 mm cannons in nose. Twin retractable tailwheels. One aircraft, WB833, originally ordered as an MR.1 was built as an MR.2 prototype and first flew on 17 June 1952. The

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to carry out various support missions, including convoy escorting, supply dropping, photo reconnaissance, communication relaying, and ground-attack missions; the Shackleton was also employed in several short-term bombing operations. Other roles included weather reconnaissance and transport duties, in

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British colony, in order to gain access to oil wells in the interior parts of Oman. The RAF made 1,635 raids, dropping 1,094 tons and firing 900 rockets at the interior of Oman between July and December 1958 targeting insurgents, mountain top villages, water channels and crops in a war that remained

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Numerous problems were encountered during the Shackleton's operational service. In practice, the diesel fume detection system was prone to false alarms and thus received little operational use. The engines, hydraulics, and elements of the avionics were known for their unreliability, and the aircraft

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VW 126 was tested at Boscombe Down in August 1951, particular attention being paid to changes made to improve its ground handling, such as the addition of toebrakes and a lockable rudder system. One production Mk 1 aircraft was modified on the line at Woodford with the Mk 2 changes and first flew on

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turbojet engines at the rear of the outboard engine nacelles to be used for assisted takeoff. The wing main spars had to be strengthened due to the additional engines. A new navigation system was also fitted and there were some modification to the internal arrangement, including a shorter crew rest

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in the hands of Avro's Chief Test Pilot J.H. "Jimmy" Orrell. The GR.1 was later redesignated "Maritime Reconnaissance Mark I" (MR 1). The prototype differed from subsequent production Shackletons in a number of areas; it featured a number of turrets and was equipped for air-to-air refuelling using

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The Shackleton was a purpose-built aircraft for the maritime patrol role; however, the legacy of Avro's preceding aircraft is present in many aspects of the overall design. The centre section of the Shackleton's wing originates from the Lincoln, while the outer wing and undercarriage were sourced

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was needed on takeoff with a 5-minute limit. The Griffons had to be run at high power for very long periods after a heavyweight take-off so the Vipers were later cleared to run for four hours continuously so lower Griffon power settings could be used which reduced the risk of failures. The extra

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During the 1960s, the typical Shackleton crew comprised two pilots, two navigators, a flight engineer, an air electronics officer, and four air electronics operators. During this period, equipment upgrades had become routine in order to keep pace with ever more capable submarines; problems with

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bomber. Crucially, the new aircraft was to be capable of a 3,000-nautical-mile (3,500 mi; 5,600 km) range while carrying up to 6,000 pounds (2,700 kg) of weapons and equipment. In addition to featuring a large amount of electronic equipment, the Type 696 had a much-improved crew

887:, deliberately sinking the stricken oil tanker with depth charges in order to prevent an ecological disaster. The only operational loss incurred was 1718 K, which crashed into the Wemmershoek mountains at night time on 8 August 1963 with the loss of all thirteen crew. 484:, was a projected variant intended to meet a Canadian requirement for a long-range patrol aircraft. The MR 4 would have been practically a new aircraft, sharing only the nose, cockpit, and outer wings with earlier variants; it would have also been powered by the 473:

strain took a toll on the airframe, and flight life of the RAF MR 3s was so reduced that they were outlived by the MR 2s. Due to the arms embargo against South Africa, the SAAF's MR 3s never received these upgrades but were maintained independently by the SAAF.

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position aft of the bomb bay, the radome was retractable and could be fully extended only with the bomb bay doors open. It had improved allround radar coverage and minimised the risk of bird strikes. Both the nose and tail section were lengthened, the

579:. This engine's distinctive noise often caused crew members to develop high-tone deafness. The Griffon was needed because the Shackleton was heavier and had more drag than the Lincoln. The Griffon provided equivalent power to the Merlin but at lower 499:

In 1967, ten MR 2s were modified as training aircraft to replace the T 4 in-service with the Maritime Operational Training Unit; known as T 2s, the crew rest areas were replaced by additional radar equipment and the original radar fittings removed.

755:, began to enter RAF service, which was to spell the end for the Shackleton in most roles. While radically differing in external appearance, the Shackleton and the initial version of the Nimrod shared many sensor systems and onboard equipment. 316:'s submarine force, a new aerial platform to perform the anti-submarine mission was required. Work had begun on the requirement for a new maritime patrol aircraft in 1944, at which point there had been an emphasis for long-range platforms for 1082:

engines. Two Nomads were installed in the outer nacelles of a Shackleton prototype to create the only Avro 717 example, but the program was cancelled before the aircraft could be flown. The Avro 719 would have replaced all four Griffons with

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dorsal turret was initially retained, but was later removed from all aircraft after delivery. The prototype, VW 126, was modified as an aerodynamic prototype at the end of 1950 and first flew with the MR 2 modification on 19 July 1951.

2223:, Chief Designer at Avro, who had initially worked alongside, and later became a close friend, of Ernest Shackleton. The name was also in line with an Air Ministry policy of naming new general reconnaissance aircraft after explorers. 981:

last ten MR.1s on the production line were completed as MR.2s and orders for 80 new-build aircraft were placed; the last 21 were completed as MR.3s and the total number of MR.2s built was 69. The first aircraft entered service with

868:. The type typically patrolled the sea lanes around the Cape of Good Hope, often monitoring Soviet vessels traversing between the Indian and Atlantic oceans. The Shackleton was briefly used in low-level overland patrols along the 224:

also elected to procure the Shackleton to equip the SAAF. In South African service, the type was operated in the maritime patrol capacity between 1957 and 1984. During March 1971, a number of SAAF Shackletons were used during the

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for preservation on July 13 1994. The airframe sustained moderate damage during the accident but remained intact, and has remained in place at the crash site to the present day. All 19 of the aircraft's crew survived the

864:. Two more followed on 13 October 1957 and the remainder arrived in February 1958. Delivered to the same basic standard as the RAF's MR 3s, they were assigned single letter codes between "J" and "Q" and operated by 738:

missions, at all times one crew being kept on standby somewhere across the UK for this role. The Shackleton had also replaced the Avro Lincoln in the colonial policing mission, aircraft often being stationed in the

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virtually eliminated the need for submarines to surface while on patrol. Aircraft that had once been highly effective submarine-killers had very quickly become incapable in the face of these advances. In addition,

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The first production model for the RAF with dorsal turret with two 20 mm cannon, 29-built. First production aircraft flew on 28 March 1950 and the variant entered service with 120 Squadron at RAF Kinloss in March

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Ten MR 2 Phase 3 aircraft were modified in 1967 as T.2s at Langar to replace the T.4s with the Maritime Operational Training Units as radar trainers, with master and slave radar positions for training installed.

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was the primary detection tool; it could detect a destroyer at a range of 40 nautical miles (46 mi; 74 km), a surfaced submarine at 20 nautical miles (23 mi; 37 km), and a submarine's

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Maritime reconnaissance was a large element of the Shackleton's service. This mission was often performed to identify and monitor naval and merchant shipping and to demonstrate sovereignty. During the

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sought a large and capable platform to perform the maritime patrol role. After evaluating four RAF MR 2s in 1953, an order was placed for eight Shackletons as a replacement for the SAAF's aging

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was introduced, the fuselage was increased in all main dimensions and had new wings with better ailerons and tip tanks. The weapons capability was also upgraded to include homing torpedoes and

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environment over other aircraft types to allow them to be more effective during the lengthy mission times anticipated. During development the Type 696 was provisionally referred to as the

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operations; however, with the early end of the war in the Pacific, the requirement was refined considerably. In late 1945, the Air Staff had expressed interest in a conversion of the

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Often, the Shackleton would be called in to perform search and rescue operations in the treacherous waters around the Cape. In March 1971, Shackletons successfully intervened in the

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had undergone rapid conversion – designated as Maritime Reconnaissance Mk 3 (MR3) – as a stopgap measure for maritime search and rescue and general reconnaissance duties; however,

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In 1971 twelve MR.2s were converted at Woodford and Bitteswell as Airborne Early Warning aircraft, the first AEW.2 flew on 30 September 1971 and the type entered service with

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and sleeping space were included. Due to these upgrades, the takeoff weight of the RAF's MR 3s had risen by over 30,000 lb (13,600 kg) (Ph. III) and assistance from

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Avro Shackleton Mk 3 at Ysterplaat AFB in South Africa, serial 1722, a.k.a. Pelican 22. Taken 27 May 2017 at engine run-up. No longer flying but considered mostly airworthy.

636:, on account of the engine noise from the four Rolls-Royce Griffon engines. The first operational deployment of the Shackleton occurred in 1955 as a troop-transport for 220:(SAR) platform and for performing several other secondary roles such as mail delivery and as a crude troop-transport aircraft. In addition to its service with the RAF, 216:

It entered operational service with the RAF in April 1951. The Shackleton was used primarily in the ASW and MPA roles, but it was also frequently deployed as an aerial

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Navigation trainer conversion from MR 1As between 1956 and 1961, removal of mid-upper turret, addition of radar and radio positions for trainees, 17 conversions.

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The intention to retire the Shackleton was thwarted by the need to provide AEW coverage in the North Sea and northern Atlantic following the withdrawal of the

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airframe fatigue were identified, leading to several programmes being carried out to strengthen the aircraft and thus extend its viable service life. In 1966,

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had been made apparent, with over a hundred vessels being sunk in South African waters by enemy vessels between 1942 and 1945. In the postwar situation, the

201:(ASW) mission along with a much-improved crew environment to accommodate the long mission times involved in patrol work. Being known for a short time as the 3678: 3771: 532:

at 8 nautical miles (9.2 mi; 15 km), although rough seas considerably reduced the radar's effectiveness. Other equipment included droppable

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The Shackleton MR.Mk.2 Phase 2 was as per Mk.3 Phase 2. The MR.Mk.2 Phase 3 was as per Mk.3 Phase 3, except that the Viper engines were not fitted.

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maritime patrol aircraft. Modifications were required to fulfill South African conditions and requirements, such as the ability to operate over the

806:, suffered considerable development difficulties which culminated in the Nimrod AEW 3 being cancelled in favour of an off-the-shelf purchase of the 6063: 2195: 1057:

MR.3 XF708 left wing showing outer engine nacelle (left) with propellers at front and Viper turbojet exhaust at rear. Compare with inner nacelle.

247:. During its later life, a small number of the RAF's existing Shackletons received extensive modifications in order to adapt them to perform the 6416: 1435:

Maritime Operational Training Unit, RAF – Redesignated from 236 OCU in 1956 with 15 MR.1As, the MR.1As were slowly replaced by T.4s, moved to

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was an improved version of the Shackleton, featuring numerous refinements that had been proposed for the MR1. The radar was upgraded to

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on the same day from the Majunga Detachment Support Unit with the MR2C, detachments to Majunga, Tengah and Masirah, disbanded in 1972.

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from 1957 to 1984. Airworthy but has been grounded for safety and preservation reasons as well as for a lack of qualified crew.

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Variant powered by four Griffon 57A V12 piston engines, in service from April 1951, 47-built and all surviving MR.1s converted.

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Meteor Eject!: Recollections of a Pioneer RAF Jet Pilot of the 1950s and 60s: Amazon.co.uk: Carter, Nick: 9781873203651: Books

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were introduced to the Shackleton's arsenal with the aim of countering the Soviets' development of deep-diving submarines.

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Various armaments and equipment were carried by the Shackleton in order to perform its missions. In ASW operations, the

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The Shackleton was developed during the late 1940s as part of Britain's military response to the rapid expansion of the

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as general reconnaissance and air/sea rescue aircraft; they formalised their requirements for such an aircraft under

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the latter role each Shackleton could carry freight panniers in the bomb bay or up to 16 fully equipped soldiers.

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with the MR2, also operated the MR1A (1958–60), and the MR2C (1959–71), disbanded in April 1971 and reformed at

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at the Avro Heritage Museum in Woodford. (Following the closure of the MOSI Air & Space Hall in Manchester)

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SAAF 1722 commonly known as 'Pelican 22' was the last airworthy Shackleton MR.3. The aircraft is owned by the

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compound engine. The Shackleton IV was cancelled in 1955 and the Canadian requirement subsequently met by the

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in 1952, also operated the MR2 (1953–54), also operated the MR2 in 1958 as they were renumbered 210 Squadron.

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Orthographic projection of the Avro Shackleton MR Mk 1A, with profile views of all the other major variants

1512: 1178: 251:(AEW) role. The type continued to be used in this support capacity until 1991, when it was replaced by the 875: 351:

airliner were also reused in the design; Lincoln and Tudor had been derivatives of the successful wartime

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positioning; the contra-rotating propellers gave greater blade area within the same propeller diameter.

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10,000 lb (4,536 kg) of bombs, torpedoes, mines, or conventional or nuclear depth charges, such as the

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The Phase 1 update introduced changes mainly to the internal equipment. The Phase 2 update introduced

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and the potential requirement to guard the North Atlantic from an anticipated rapid expansion of the

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was redesigned, the undercarriage was strengthened and twin-retractable tailwheels were fitted. The

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in 1958 with the MR1A and MR3, converted to the MR2 in 1962 and back to the MR3 in 1966, moved to

587:, this not being possible due to space limitations imposed by the undercarriage length and engine 3647:, Windsor, Berkshire, UK:. Profile Publications Ltd., 1972. (Republished in compilation edition: 3245:

Avro(Hawker Siddeley) Shackleton Mks 1 to 4, Peter J. Howard, Profile Publications Limited, p.196

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in 1956, operated the MR2 (1957) and the MR3 (1957–58), renumbered 201 Squadron in October 1958.

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8 Sqn RAF flew the Shackleton AEW 2 from 1973 to 1991. This example was pictured on 26 June 1982

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passenger aircraft, and was furnished with extensive electronics suites in order to perform the

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initially led the effort to build an aircraft to this requirement, designated as the Avro

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Growling over the oceans : the Avro Shackleton, the men and the missions 1951-1991

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The aircraft were later modified, in parallel with phased modifications to the Mk.3:

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Nose section: owned by Norman Thelwell and on loan to the Shackleton Aviation Group.

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aircraft used in the AEW role in the 1970s. As an interim replacement, the existing

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AEW aircraft. These were the last examples of the type remaining in active service.

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The Merlin engines were replaced with the larger, more powerful and slower-revving

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had diminished to only a third of its size immediately after the Second World War.

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border, but these duties ended following concerns of the disturbance of wildlife.

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During the Second World War, the importance of securing the sea routes around the

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Three prototype Type 696s were ordered in May 1947 to meet specification R 5/46:

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During the 1970s, the Shackleton was replaced in the maritime patrol role by the

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RAF Shackleton performing a mail drop in July 1970 for Royal Navy ships on the "

620: 6375: 6095: 6075: 6011: 5725: 5478: 4882: 4787: 4393: 4348: 4313: 3879: 3605:"Shackleton: The New Avro General Reconnaissance Aircraft for Coastal Command". 2902: 2131: 2089: 1836: 1652: 1565: 1457: 1450: 1446: 1419: 1405: 1397: 1337: 1295: 1281: 1253: 1211: 1169: 1047: 895: 708: 692: 352: 298: 241: 175: 3399: 1884: 1872: 1860: 1242:

in 1958, converted to the MR3 in 1965–66, converted to the Nimrod MR1 in 1971.

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at Fuselage section: Fenland and West Norfolk Aviation Museum, Wisbech Cambs.

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receptacle could be accommodated, but was not fitted on production aircraft.

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The Type 696 was a significant development upon the Lincoln. Elements of the

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MR.Mk.5 was a suggested designation for a Nomad-powered variant of the Mk.2.

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As per Mk.3 Phase 1. Also received the sonics plotting table from the Mk.3

818: 185:, in particular its submarine force. Produced as the primary type equipping 6359: 6186: 6142: 6100: 5864: 5730: 5715: 5639: 5619: 5609: 5599: 5589: 5559: 5544: 5082: 5057: 4997: 4977: 4772: 4767: 4712: 4642: 4607: 4597: 4418: 4293: 4273: 4268: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4153: 4138: 3799: 3303:. Aviation Classics. Lincolnshire, UK: Aviation Classics. pp. 126–128. 2711: 2220: 2136: 1945: 1825: 1580: 1554: 1137: 1107: 1098: 1079: 1036: 842: 723: 637: 549: 485: 329: 321: 234: 221: 168: 139: 2992:"Avro Shackleton MR.Mk1, MR.Mk.1A and T.Mk.4 in Royal Air Force Service". 1061:

The third of three MR 3 modification phases including the addition of two

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was another redesign in response to crew feedback and observations. A new

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Joint Anti-submarine School – Operated the MR.2 between 1954 and 1957 at

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RAF Shackleton of 224 Squadron flying in formation during the 1954–1959

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V-12 liquid-cooled piston engines, 1,960 hp (1,460 kW) each

1777: 1408:, operated the MR2 from 1953 to 1954, renumbered 203 Squadron in 1958. 1266:– 1958–70, re-numbered from 220 Squadron in 1958 operating the MR3 at 6137: 5955: 5950: 5940: 5935: 5925: 5659: 4967: 4632: 4567: 4398: 4158: 4128: 4088: 4063: 1118: 899: 861: 798: 775: 691:

in the 1960s, Shackletons monitored the seas for vessels involved in

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SAAF 1717 on display at the Stanger Transport Museum, KwaZulu Natal.

1256:

in 1952, converted to the MR2 in 1953 and the MR3 in 1958, moved to

5986: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5900: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5828: 5813: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5750: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5549: 5539: 5534: 5529: 5514: 5498: 5493: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5382: 5282: 5172: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5097: 5047: 4962: 4872: 4867: 4807: 4802: 4747: 4697: 4692: 4582: 4577: 4522: 4487: 4443: 4373: 4318: 4303: 4218: 4208: 4148: 4143: 4123: 4118: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4083: 4078: 4068: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3987: 3982: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3935: 3920: 3915: 3731: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 1841: 1576: 1285: 1221: 1207: 778:

radar was installed in modified Shackleton MR 2s, redesignated the

727: 712: 533: 469: 317: 309: 3809: 3645:

Aircraft Profile 243: Avro (Hawker Siddeley) Shackleton Mks 1 to 4

1396:– 1952–1958, formed with the MR1 from elements of 120 Squadron at 1248:– 1951–71, converted to the MR1 from the Lancaster GR3 in 1951 at 276:, in which Britain sought to protect its shipping from the German 3410: 2453:

The Shackleton, Chris Ashworth, Aston Publications Limited 1990,

1937: 1656: 1482: 1322:

with the MR1A, also operated the MR2 from 1953 to 1954, moved to

891: 588: 545: 412: 3819: 2399: 1414:– 1952–58, formed with the MR1 from elements of 224 Squadron at 1378:– 1954–59, formed with the MR2 from elements of 206 Squadron at 879:

Commemorating crew of Shakleton MR.3 1718 (1963 in South Africa)

360:

before the officially allocated name 'Shackleton' was selected.

1970:

4,258 imp gal (5,114 US gal; 19,360 L)

856:

On 18 August 1957, the first two Shackletons were delivered to

758: 696: 641: 584: 408: 370:, was made on 9 March 1949 from the manufacturer's airfield at 277: 171: 1575:

SAAF 1723 at Vic's Viking Garage, next to the Golden Highway,

1432:, redesignated the Maritime Operational Training Unit in 1956. 848: 671:

in Oman to expand the territory of the Sultanate, which was a

2186:

List of accidents and incidents involving the Avro Shackleton

912:

List of accidents and incidents involving the Avro Shackleton

845:, the resulting aircraft was designated the Shackleton MR 3. 667:

In 1957, British RAF Shackletons participated heavily during

3359: 2219:

The name of the aircraft came about due to the influence of

1553:

SAAF 1721 on display at the South African Air Force Museum,

810:, which allowed the last Shackletons to be retired in 1991. 297:

had been returned following the end of hostilities. Several

174:, which itself had been a development of the famous wartime 6072: 3850: 2762:

Oman's Insurgencies: The Sultanate's Struggle for Supremacy

1550:

SAAF 1720 on display at the Ysterplaat AFB, near Cape Town.

1308:– 1958–71, converted to the MR1 from the Sunderland GR5 at 744: 164: 69: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 1238:

with the MR1A (1952–54) and the MR2 (from 1953), moved to

1220:– 1953–67, converted to the MR2 from the Lancaster GR3 at 1206:– 1953–67, converted to the MR2 from the Lancaster GR3 at 782:, as an interim measure from 1972. These were operated by 3256:"The Shackleton Association - Surviving Avro Shackletons" 1336:– 1958–71, re-numbered from 269 Squadron with the MR2 at 1018:

on 1 January 1972. The AEW.2 was retired on 1 July 1991.

933:

The first prototype which initially flew on 9 March 1949.

1368:– 1951–66, converted to the MR1 from the Halifax GR6 at 751:

In 1969, a jet-powered replacement patrol aircraft, the

628:

On 30 March 1951, the first Shackleton was delivered to

363:

The first test flight of the prototype Shackleton GR.1,

3738:

Tyack, Bill "Maritime Patrol in the Piston Engine Era"

3591:

British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935–1950

3273: 1511:

stands abandoned at the western end of runway 11/29 at

1039:. The aircraft underwent several phased modifications. 599:, which began being introduced to RAF service in 1969. 233:, intentionally sinking the stricken oil tanker using 3758:

File # 023. London: Bright Star Publishing Ltd, 1997.

1680:

at South Wales Aviation Museum, St. Athan, Glamorgan.

1439:

in 1965, the last T.4 was replaced by a T.2 in 1968.

1358:

in 1951, also operated the MR2 (1953–54), moved to

3096: 3070:"Avro Shackleton MR.3 in Royal Air Force Service". 3022:"Avro Shackleton MR.2 in Royal Air Force Service". 2690:"A Close Relationship: Britain and Oman Since 1750" 2143:

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

1312:, converted to the MR2C in 1962, disbanded in 1971. 1066:area to give more room for the tactical positions. 1050:'spark plug' and an improved High Frequency radio. 6071: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 1709:at Long Marston Airfield, Warwickshire (derelict). 1568:. It was one of eight Shackletons operated by the 1372:, converted to the MR2 in 1953, disbanded in 1966. 205:, it was decided that the Type 696 would be named 2752: 2687: 921: 6388: 2932: 2930: 280:threat. The development of increasingly capable 2874: 2196:List of aircraft of the South African Air Force 1702:, England. Engines can be run on this airframe. 1428:– 1951–56, received the first MR.1s in 1951 at 3699:, first edition 1988, Airlife Publishing, UK, 3617:. Shepperton, Middlesex, UK: Ian Allan, 1973. 2903:"Shackletons in the SAAF – Birth of a Legend." 1340:, disbanded in 1970, reformed the next day at 734:The Shackleton would often be used to perform 6057: 3835: 3314:"SAAF Museum Shackleton 1721 shining bright." 2958:21 February 2010. Retrieved: 16 January 2012. 2927: 2918: 2548: 2546: 2011:1,950 nmi (2,240 mi, 3,610 km) 1736:('Pelican 16'), crashed in the Sahara in 1994 1330:in 1965, converted to the Nimrod MR1 in 1970. 1260:in 1959, converted to the Nimrod MR1 in 1970. 237:to prevent further ecological contamination. 3169: 3167: 3165: 2672: 2285: 2283: 2252: 2250: 2248: 1280:- 1958–71, re-numbered from 240 Squadron at 790:. All 12 AEW aircraft were given names from 3576:Avro's Maritime Heavyweight: The Shackleton 2504: 1326:in 1958 and converted to the MR3, moved to 1021: 975: 949: 16:British long-range maritime patrol aircraft 6064: 6050: 3842: 3828: 3740:Royal Air Force Historical Society Journal 3632:. Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press, 2004. 3517: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 2946:"The Avro Shackelton and The SAAF Museum." 2847: 2829: 2658:. London: Souvenir Press. pp. 16–17. 2638: 2635:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 73, 77–78, 87–88. 2564: 2543: 2536: 2534: 2486: 2420: 2381: 2351: 2342: 1885:Shackleton displaying at RAF Cosford, 1991 1404:in 1952 for a few months before moving to 905: 813: 699:, and Shackletons operating from bases in 3529: 3162: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2707:"Britain's secret wars | Ian Cobain" 2280: 2262: 2245: 2005:260 kn (300 mph, 480 km/h) 1488:Science and Industry Museum in Manchester 1288:in 1969, converted to Nimrod MR1 in 1971. 1274:in 1965, converted to Nimrod MR1 in 1970. 1192:– Formed in 1972 to operate the AEW.2 at 802:TV series. The intended replacement, the 209:in service, after the polar explorer Sir 6402:Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers 6270:1953 Mediterranean Sea mid-air collision 3769: 3630:Avro: The History of an Aircraft Company 3298: 3108: 2865: 2838: 2758: 2597: 2588: 2555: 2522: 2429: 2390: 2333: 2236: 1861:1990s documentary on the Avro Shackleton 1835: 1829:Head on view. Note the two nose-mounted 1824: 1728: 1591: 1481: 1470: 1112: 1097: 1052: 1025: 874: 847: 817: 757: 717: 654: 619: 601: 562: 507: 427: 411:relocated from the aircraft's nose to a 386: 338: 3547:"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage" 3482: 3454: 3360:"Howzit FREE Classifieds, South Africa" 2961: 2811: 2612: 2531: 2513: 2495: 2471:"Shackletons in the SAAF – Retirement." 2292: 2191:List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force 2095:Submarine detection equipment (various) 1426:No. 236 Operational Conversion Unit RAF 1078:Project for a re-engined MR.Mk.1 using 695:. Similar operations were conducted in 6389: 3734:, UK: Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund. 3082: 3034: 3004: 2970: 2826:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 70–72, 74–77. 2688:Dr Francis Owtram (11 December 2014). 1637:Fuselage: Cornwall Aero Park, Helston. 1614:. Engines can be run on this airframe. 610: 542:Autolycus diesel fume detection system 382: 6417:1940s British anti-submarine aircraft 6045: 3823: 3725: 3538: 3102: 2701: 2699: 2029:61 lb/sq ft (300 kg/m) 1780:, where it crashed while en route to 1486:A Shackleton AEW.2 on display at the 512:Front of a Shackleton AEW2. Note the 3578:, Aston Publications Limited 1990, 3544: 3424:"Exploring Royal Air Force History." 2681: 2653: 1933:1,421 sq ft (132.0 m) 1873:Engine run of a preserved Shackleton 1522:'Dodo' Ex Crew Trainer. Paphos dump. 1443:Air-Sea Warfare Development Unit RAF 1069: 6285:1956 Scottish Airlines air disaster 3815:Shackletons: Thunder Across the Bay 2727: 2038:0.091 hp/lb (0.150 kW/kg) 1915:87 ft 4 in (26.62 m) 1644:Forward nose at Caernafon, N.Wales. 1596:MR.3 at the Gatwick Aviation Museum 1493:A complete list is available here. 1075:Avro 717 and 719 Shackleton MR.Mk.4 575:with 13-foot-diameter (4.0 m) 538:electronic warfare support measures 284:had been rapid; in particular, the 13: 3763: 3682:Royal Air Force Historical Society 3483:Dickens, Peter (23 January 2016). 2779: 2696: 1927:17 ft 6 in (5.33 m) 1816: 615: 480:Shackleton IV, later known as the 14: 6453: 3849: 3793: 3756:World Aircraft Information Files, 1812: 1724: 1587: 1478:, the last flying Shackleton MR.3 1046:(ECM) equipment, the distinctive 567:An RAF Shackleton in flight, 1978 490:Britannia Maritime Reconnaissance 6246:1948 Northwood mid-air collision 3805:Aircraft.co.za – Avro Shackleton 3770:Calloway, Tim (29 August 2014). 3679:"Seminar – Maritime Operations." 3299:Calloway, Tim (29 August 2014). 2862:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 75, 89. 2415:World Aircraft Information Files 1879: 1867: 1855: 1789: 1162: 1130: 939:First flown on 2 September 1949. 689:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 29: 3773:Avro Shackleton – The Grey Lady 3567: 3502: 3476: 3432: 3417: 3392: 3377: 3352: 3337:"Shackleton 1722 Video Launch." 3329: 3307: 3301:Avro Shackleton – The Grey Lady 3248: 3239: 3230: 3221: 3212: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3176: 3153: 3144: 3135: 3126: 3117: 2939: 2896: 2856: 2853:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 83–87. 2835:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 82–83. 2820: 2647: 2644:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 70–72. 2629: 2606: 2576: 2552:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 72–74. 2492:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 77–78. 2464: 2447: 2438: 2426:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 74–75. 2387:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 71–74. 2372: 2363: 2348:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 70–71. 2289:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 68–69. 2268:Jefford et al. 2005, pp. 67–68. 1964:86,000 lb (39,009 kg) 1958:51,400 lb (23,315 kg) 1536: 726:", blockading Beira to prevent 556:in a Bristol dorsal turret. An 458:Mk 101 Lulu nuclear depth bombs 308:In the emerging climate of the 3649:Aircraft in Profile, Volume 13 2585:18 May 1950, pp. 612–613, 616. 2378:Jones 2002, pp. 34, 36–37, 39. 2369:Harlin and Jenks 1973, p. 164. 2324: 2301: 2271: 2213: 1562:South African Air Force Museum 922:Avro 696 Shackleton prototypes 898:over South Africa's policy of 328:R.5/46. Avro's Chief Designer 258: 1: 6427:Four-engined tractor aircraft 6422:1940s British patrol aircraft 6280:1955 Shackleton disappearance 3728:Royal Air Force Yearbook 1992 3613:Harlin, E.A. and G.A. Jenks. 3471:gatwick-aviation-museum.co.uk 2888:"The Shackleton in the SAAF." 2201: 2159:Consolidated PB4Y-2 Privateer 2023:20,200 ft (6,200 m) 1776:) approximately 2 hours from 1344:, disbanded in November 1971. 945:First flown on 29 March 1950. 804:British Aerospace Nimrod AEW3 343:Interior of a Shackleton MR.3 272:was a crucial element of the 6442:Four-engined piston aircraft 6437:Aircraft first flown in 1949 3485:"The sad fate of Pelican 16" 3429:, Retrieved: 12 April 2014. 3114:Jefford et al. 2005, p. 103. 2787:"British National Archives: 2230: 1513:Paphos International Airport 1466: 1179:Royal Aircraft Establishment 1093: 552:; the aircraft also had two 163:(SAAF). It was developed by 155:(MPA) which was used by the 35:Avro Shackleton MR3, in 1955 7: 3810:Website of Shackleton WR963 3514:, Retrieved: 12 April 2014. 3512:Pima Air & Space Museum 3473:, Retrieved: 12 April 2014. 3451:, Retrieved: 12 April 2014. 3389:, Retrieved: 12 April 2014. 3326:, Retrieved: 12 April 2014. 2817:Jefford et al. 2005, p. 78. 2540:Jefford et al. 2005, p. 76. 2519:Jefford et al. 2005, p. 72. 2501:Jefford et al. 2005, p. 88. 2120: 1895:Flight International, Jones 1840:Interior of a Shackleton's 1806:Pima Air & Space Museum 1601:Stored or under restoration 1502:Stored or under restoration 1390:in 1958, disbanded in 1959. 1228:in 1965, disbanded in 1967. 1214:in 1957, disbanded in 1967. 1181:– Purchased a MR.3 in 1959. 994:MR.Mk.2 Phase 1 or MR.Mk.2C 916: 295:Consolidated B-24 Liberator 10: 6458: 6275:1953 Skyways disappearance 3800:The Shackleton Association 3651:, 1973, pp. 193–217. 3461:"Avro Shackleton Mk3 PH3." 2915:. Retrieved: 10 July 2008. 2483:. Retrieved: 10 July 2008. 2444:Jones 2002, pp. 93, 95–96. 2321:. Retrieved: 10 July 2008. 2319:The Shackleton Association 1117:Bomb aimer's position and 1106:, on permanent display at 1044:electronic countermeasures 909: 711:-mandated oil blockade of 577:contra-rotating propellers 514:contra-rotating propellers 395:with dorsal turret in 1953 326:Air Ministry specification 282:diesel-electric submarines 263: 6368: 6347: 6260:1950 Llandow air disaster 6203: 6171: 6125: 6109: 6083: 5964: 5893: 5837: 5764: 5668: 5507: 5431: 5424: 4462: 3958: 3949: 3903: 3867: 3858: 1878: 1866: 1854: 1849: 1496: 503: 135: 127: 119: 111: 103: 98: 90: 75: 63: 55: 45: 40: 28: 23: 6210:Accidents and incidents 3666:. London: Putnam, 1965. 3664:Avro Aircraft since 1908 3444:28 December 2013 at the 2936:Jones 2002, pp. 114–115. 2924:Jones 2002, pp. 111–114. 2759:Peterson, J. E. (2013). 2678:Jones 2002, pp. 121–122. 2476:23 February 2008 at the 2206: 1354:with the MR1A, moved to 1154:received eight aircraft. 1063:Armstrong Siddeley Viper 1022:Avro 716 Shackleton Mk.3 976:Avro 696 Shackleton Mk.2 950:Avro 696 Shackleton Mk.1 466:Armstrong Siddeley Viper 153:maritime patrol aircraft 151:is a British long-range 50:Maritime patrol aircraft 3714:. Crowood Press, 2002. 3615:Avro: An Aircraft Album 3551:m-selig.ae.illinois.edu 2309:"The Shackleton Story." 2277:Jones 2002, pp. 22, 27. 1988:de Havilland Propellers 1921:120 ft (37 m) 1900:General characteristics 1808:, Tucson, Arizona, USA. 1764:22.630489°N 13.237356°W 1700:Gatwick Aviation Museum 1570:South African Air Force 1386:in 1956, moved back to 1350:– 1951–1958, formed at 1147:South African Air Force 906:Accidents and incidents 835:South African Air Force 825:on patrol, October 1982 814:South African Air Force 762:AN/APS-20 radar scanner 492:later to emerge as the 161:South African Air Force 84:South African Air Force 6295:1959 Air Charter crash 5894:Sports/racing aircraft 3384:"Vickers Viking VC1A." 2913:The Shackleton project 2654:Lake, Deborah (2010). 2510:Jones 2002, pp. 84–85. 2481:The Shackleton Project 2330:Buttler 2004, p. 144. 1978:Rolls-Royce Griffon 57 1844: 1833: 1822: 1745:in the Sahara Desert ( 1737: 1597: 1490: 1479: 1125: 1110: 1058: 1031: 1030:MR3 on display in 2008 880: 853: 826: 763: 753:Hawker Siddeley Nimrod 731: 664: 625: 607: 597:Hawker Siddeley Nimrod 568: 516: 454:tricycle undercarriage 437: 396: 344: 270:Battle of the Atlantic 249:airborne early warning 245:Hawker Siddeley Nimrod 199:anti-submarine warfare 6348:Notable people/groups 3319:13 April 2014 at the 2154:Canadair CP-107 Argus 2149:Bréguet 1150 Atlantic 1839: 1831:20 mm Hispano cannons 1828: 1820: 1769:22.630489; -13.237356 1732: 1595: 1485: 1474: 1318:– 1952–70, formed at 1294:– 1954–71, formed at 1234:– 1952–71, formed at 1116: 1101: 1056: 1029: 878: 851: 821: 761: 721: 707:vessels to enforce a 682:nuclear depth charges 658: 623: 606:MR3 Co-pilot position 605: 566: 511: 431: 390: 342: 293:aircraft such as the 6223:1945 Avro York crash 6126:Airliners/transports 5767:& reconnaissance 3677:Jefford, C.G (ed.). 3608:Flight International 3526:18 May 1950, p. 614. 3489:The Observation Post 3466:6 April 2014 at the 3342:23 July 2011 at the 3236:Jefford 1988, p. 81. 3227:Jefford 1988, p. 76. 3218:Jefford 1988, p. 74. 3209:Jefford 1988, p. 73. 3200:Jefford 1988, p. 72. 3191:Jefford 1988, p. 70. 3182:Jefford 1988, p. 69. 3173:Jefford 1988, p. 68. 3159:Jefford 1988, p. 67. 3150:Jefford 1988, p. 58. 3141:Jefford 1988, p. 39. 3132:Jefford 1988, p. 38. 3123:Jefford 1988, p. 37. 2765:. Saqi. p. 43. 2573:18 May 1950, p. 617. 2360:18 May 1950, p. 611. 2259:18 May 1950, p. 612. 2242:Jones 2002, pp. 6–7. 2164:Lockheed P-2 Neptune 1412:No. 269 Squadron RAF 1394:No. 240 Squadron RAF 1376:No. 228 Squadron RAF 1366:No. 224 Squadron RAF 1348:No. 220 Squadron RAF 1334:No. 210 Squadron RAF 1316:No. 206 Squadron RAF 1306:No. 205 Squadron RAF 1292:No. 204 Squadron RAF 1278:No. 203 Squadron RAF 1264:No. 201 Squadron RAF 1246:No. 120 Squadron RAF 793:The Magic Roundabout 630:No. 120 Squadron RAF 573:Rolls-Royce Griffons 434:No. 220 Squadron RAF 6300:1990 Scotland crash 3662:Jackson, Aubrey J. 3535:Jones 2002, p. 108. 2908:24 May 2008 at the 2893:, 23 February 2011. 2314:5 July 2008 at the 2126:Related development 2098:Navigation avionics 2017:14 hours 36 minutes 1962:Max takeoff weight: 1760: / 1720:, Duxford, England. 1718:Imperial War Museum 1232:No. 42 Squadron RAF 1218:No. 38 Squadron RAF 1204:No. 37 Squadron RAF 962:Shackleton MR.Mk.1A 676:under low profile. 650:Operation Musketeer 611:Operational history 558:in-flight refueling 432:Shackleton MR.2 of 391:Shackleton MR.1 of 383:Further development 303:RAF Coastal Command 187:RAF Coastal Command 41:General information 6290:1958 Dan-Air crash 3780:on 25 October 2014 3726:March, P. (1992). 2951:3 May 2010 at the 2871:Tyack 2005, p. 87. 2844:Jones 2002, p. 49. 2735:"A/RES/2302(XXII)" 2715:. 8 September 2016 2603:Jones 2002, p. 86. 2594:Jones 2002, p. 33. 2561:Jones 2002, p. 34. 2528:Jones 2002, p. 31. 2435:Jones 2002, p. 85. 2396:Jones 2002, p. 67. 2339:Jones 2002, p. 30. 2298:Jones 2002, p. 43. 2169:Lockheed P-3 Orion 2058:cannon in the nose 1845: 1834: 1823: 1738: 1598: 1491: 1480: 1190:No. 8 Squadron RAF 1126: 1111: 1086:Shackleton MR.Mk.5 1059: 1032: 955:Shackleton MR.Mk.1 885:SS Wafra oil spill 881: 870:Southern Rhodesian 858:D.F. Malan Airport 854: 827: 764: 732: 665: 626: 608: 569: 517: 438: 397: 377:looped-line method 372:Woodford, Cheshire 345: 6432:Mid-wing aircraft 6384: 6383: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6034: 5420: 5419: 5416: 5415: 4474: 3995: 3643:Howard, Peter J. 3623:978-0-71100-342-2 3599:978-1-85780-179-8 3574:Ashworth, Chris. 3545:Lednicer, David. 3449:Newark Air Museum 3260:Thegrowler.org.uk 2967:Jones 2002, p. 7. 2891:saafmuseum.org.za 2772:978-0-86356-702-5 2101:Blue Silk Doppler 1890: 1889: 1689:Newark Air Museum 1070:Projected designs 989:in January 1953. 831:Cape of Good Hope 808:Boeing E-3 Sentry 741:Aden Protectorate 736:search and rescue 554:20 mm cannon 436:in September 1955 253:Boeing E-3 Sentry 218:search and rescue 211:Ernest Shackleton 145: 144: 112:Introduction date 6449: 6172:Notable aircraft 6066: 6059: 6052: 6043: 6042: 6022:Roe III Triplane 5429: 5428: 4472: 3993: 3956: 3955: 3890:Roe III Triplane 3865: 3864: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3821: 3820: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3735: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3542: 3536: 3533: 3527: 3521: 3515: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3480: 3474: 3458: 3452: 3439:"Aircraft list." 3436: 3430: 3421: 3415: 3414: 3408: 3406: 3396: 3390: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3356: 3350: 3333: 3327: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3296: 3271: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3237: 3234: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3216: 3210: 3207: 3201: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3160: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3133: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3115: 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3091: 3080: 3079: 3067: 3032: 3031: 3019: 3002: 3001: 2989: 2968: 2965: 2959: 2943: 2937: 2934: 2925: 2922: 2916: 2900: 2894: 2885: 2872: 2869: 2863: 2860: 2854: 2851: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2827: 2824: 2818: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2795: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2722: 2720: 2703: 2694: 2693: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2610: 2604: 2601: 2595: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2559: 2553: 2550: 2541: 2538: 2529: 2526: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2490: 2484: 2468: 2462: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2427: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2397: 2394: 2388: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2370: 2367: 2361: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2322: 2307:Billings, Bill. 2305: 2299: 2296: 2290: 2287: 2278: 2275: 2269: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2243: 2240: 2224: 2217: 2075: 2046: 2021:Service ceiling: 1998: 1948:23018 modified; 1902: 1883: 1882: 1871: 1870: 1859: 1858: 1847: 1846: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1612:Coventry Airport 1168: 1166: 1165: 1152:35 Squadron SAAF 1136: 1134: 1133: 1012:Shackleton AEW.2 866:35 Squadron SAAF 839:Short Sunderland 703:cooperated with 669:Jebel Akhdar War 661:Jebel Akhdar War 274:Second World War 33: 21: 20: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6397:Avro Shackleton 6387: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6364: 6343: 6265:1952 Luqa crash 6199: 6167: 6121: 6105: 6079: 6078:aircraft family 6070: 6040: 6031: 6027:Roe IV Triplane 6017:Roe II Triplane 5960: 5889: 5833: 5766: 5765:Maritime patrol 5760: 5664: 5503: 5412: 4464: 4458: 3960: 3951: 3945: 3899: 3895:Roe IV Triplane 3885:Roe II Triplane 3860: 3854: 3848: 3796: 3783: 3781: 3766: 3764:Further reading 3761: 3712:Avro Shackleton 3628:Holmes, Harry. 3589:Buttler, Tony. 3570: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3543: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3481: 3477: 3468:Wayback Machine 3459: 3455: 3446:Wayback Machine 3437: 3433: 3427:Royal Air Force 3422: 3418: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3387:Saamuseum.co.za 3382: 3378: 3368: 3366: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3349:, 28 June 2007. 3344:Wayback Machine 3334: 3330: 3321:Wayback Machine 3312: 3308: 3297: 3274: 3264: 3262: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3163: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3136: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3083: 3069: 3068: 3035: 3021: 3020: 3005: 2991: 2990: 2971: 2966: 2962: 2953:Wayback Machine 2944: 2940: 2935: 2928: 2923: 2919: 2910:Wayback Machine 2901: 2897: 2886: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2839: 2834: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2816: 2812: 2802: 2800: 2798:Markcurtis.info 2793: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2757: 2753: 2743: 2741: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2705: 2704: 2697: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2666: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2560: 2556: 2551: 2544: 2539: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2478:Wayback Machine 2469: 2465: 2452: 2448: 2443: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2421: 2413: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2364: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2316:Wayback Machine 2306: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2228: 2227: 2218: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2123: 2076: 2071: 2047: 2042: 1994: 1898: 1880: 1868: 1856: 1850:External videos 1815: 1792: 1768: 1766: 1762: 1759: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1727: 1590: 1539: 1499: 1469: 1198:RAF Lossiemouth 1185:Royal Air Force 1163: 1161: 1131: 1129: 1096: 1072: 1024: 978: 952: 924: 919: 914: 908: 894:imposed by the 816: 788:RAF Lossiemouth 618: 616:Royal Air Force 613: 525:ASV Mk 13 radar 506: 385: 299:Avro Lancasters 266: 261: 157:Royal Air Force 149:Avro Shackleton 86: 80:Royal Air Force 56:National origin 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6455: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6378: 6376:Orange Harvest 6372: 6370: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6351: 6349: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6248: 6243: 6234: 6225: 6220: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6113: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6080: 6069: 6068: 6061: 6054: 6046: 6037: 6036: 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6014: 6012:Roe I Triplane 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5968: 5966: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5926:Antarctic Baby 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5897: 5895: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5741:Manchester (2) 5738: 5736:Manchester (1) 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5665: 5663: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5511: 5509: 5505: 5504: 5502: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5435: 5433: 5426: 5422: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 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3753: 3736: 3723: 3710:Jones, Barry. 3708: 3695:Jefford, C G. 3693: 3675: 3660: 3641: 3626: 3611: 3610:, 18 May 1950. 3602: 3587: 3571: 3569: 3566: 3564: 3563: 3537: 3528: 3516: 3501: 3475: 3453: 3431: 3416: 3391: 3376: 3351: 3328: 3306: 3272: 3247: 3238: 3229: 3220: 3211: 3202: 3193: 3184: 3175: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3116: 3107: 3095: 3081: 3033: 3003: 2969: 2960: 2938: 2926: 2917: 2895: 2873: 2864: 2855: 2846: 2837: 2828: 2819: 2810: 2778: 2771: 2751: 2726: 2695: 2680: 2671: 2664: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2605: 2596: 2587: 2575: 2563: 2554: 2542: 2530: 2521: 2512: 2503: 2494: 2485: 2463: 2446: 2437: 2428: 2419: 2398: 2389: 2380: 2371: 2362: 2350: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2300: 2291: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2244: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2225: 2211: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2140: 2139: 2134: 2132:Avro Lancaster 2122: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090:Orange Harvest 2086: 2083: 2069: 2068: 2059: 2056:Hispano Mark V 2040: 2039: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2003:Maximum speed: 1992: 1991: 1981: 1971: 1968:Fuel capacity: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1888: 1887: 1876: 1875: 1864: 1863: 1852: 1851: 1814: 1813:Specifications 1811: 1810: 1809: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1726: 1725:Western Sahara 1723: 1722: 1721: 1710: 1703: 1692: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1660: 1653:RAF St. Mawgan 1645: 1638: 1631: 1623: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1603: 1602: 1589: 1588:United Kingdom 1586: 1585: 1584: 1573: 1566:AFB Ysterplaat 1558: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1523: 1516: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1495: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1458:RAF Ballykelly 1454: 1451:RAF Ballykelly 1447:RAF St. Mawgan 1440: 1433: 1423: 1420:RAF Ballykelly 1409: 1406:RAF Ballykelly 1398:RAF Aldergrove 1391: 1373: 1363: 1345: 1338:RAF Ballykelly 1331: 1313: 1303: 1296:RAF Ballykelly 1289: 1282:RAF Ballykelly 1275: 1261: 1254:RAF Aldergrove 1243: 1229: 1215: 1212:RAF Khormaksar 1201: 1182: 1175: 1174: 1172: 1170:United Kingdom 1158: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1143: 1142: 1140: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1048:Orange Harvest 1023: 1020: 1005:Shackleton T.2 977: 974: 973: 972: 969: 968:Shackleton T.4 966: 963: 960: 956: 951: 948: 947: 946: 943: 940: 937: 934: 931: 923: 920: 918: 915: 910:Main article: 907: 904: 896:United Nations 815: 812: 709:United Nations 693:arms smuggling 617: 614: 612: 609: 505: 502: 494:Canadair Argus 384: 381: 353:Avro Lancaster 265: 262: 260: 257: 176:Avro Lancaster 159:(RAF) and the 143: 142: 137: 136:Developed from 133: 132: 129: 125: 124: 121: 117: 116: 113: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 96: 95: 92: 88: 87: 82: 77: 73: 72: 67: 61: 60: 59:United Kingdom 57: 53: 52: 47: 43: 42: 38: 37: 34: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6454: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6407:Avro aircraft 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6395: 6394: 6392: 6377: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6355:Stuart Davies 6353: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6255:disappearance 6254: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6241:disappearance 6240: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6218:disappearance 6217: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6074: 6067: 6062: 6060: 6055: 6053: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6007:Roe I Biplane 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 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3757: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3721: 3720:1-86126-449-6 3717: 3713: 3709: 3706: 3705:1 85310 053 6 3702: 3698: 3697:RAF Squadrons 3694: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3673: 3672:0-85177-797-X 3669: 3665: 3661: 3658: 3657:0-85383-022-3 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3639: 3638:1-86126-651-0 3635: 3631: 3627: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3588: 3585: 3584:0 946627 16 9 3581: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3532: 3525: 3520: 3513: 3510: 3509:"Shackleton." 3505: 3490: 3486: 3479: 3472: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3457: 3450: 3447: 3443: 3440: 3435: 3428: 3425: 3420: 3412: 3401: 3395: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3365: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3335:Teale, Chris 3332: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3315: 3310: 3302: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3242: 3233: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3179: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3156: 3147: 3138: 3129: 3120: 3111: 3105:, p. 75. 3104: 3099: 3093:Howard (1972) 3090: 3088: 3086: 3077: 3073: 3072:Aeromilitaria 3066: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3029: 3025: 3024:Aeromilitaria 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2999: 2995: 2994:Aeromilitaria 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2964: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2947: 2942: 2933: 2931: 2921: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2899: 2892: 2889: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2823: 2814: 2799: 2792: 2790: 2782: 2774: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2755: 2740: 2736: 2730: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2702: 2700: 2691: 2684: 2675: 2667: 2665:9780285638761 2661: 2657: 2650: 2641: 2632: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2613:Nick Carter. 2609: 2600: 2591: 2584: 2579: 2572: 2567: 2558: 2549: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2525: 2516: 2507: 2498: 2489: 2482: 2479: 2475: 2472: 2467: 2460: 2459:0 946627 16 9 2456: 2450: 2441: 2432: 2423: 2416: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2366: 2359: 2354: 2345: 2336: 2327: 2320: 2317: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2284: 2274: 2265: 2258: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2239: 2235: 2222: 2216: 2212: 2197: 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2182: 2181: 2180:Related lists 2175: 2174:Tupolev Tu-95 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2146: 2145: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2107:Radio compass 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2067: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2027:Wing loading: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1989: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1956:Empty weight: 1954: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1886: 1877: 1874: 1865: 1862: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1832: 1827: 1819: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1790:United States 1783: 1779: 1773: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1629: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1531: 1529: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1494: 1489: 1484: 1477: 1473: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1448: 1445:– 1951–60 at 1444: 1441: 1438: 1437:RAF St Mawgan 1434: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1421: 1417: 1416:RAF Gibraltar 1413: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1384:RAF St Mawgan 1381: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1370:RAF Gibraltar 1367: 1364: 1361: 1360:RAF St Mawgan 1357: 1353: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1325: 1324:RAF St Mawgan 1321: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1300:RAF Honington 1297: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1268:RAF St Mawgan 1265: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1240:RAF St Mawgan 1237: 1233: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1187: 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435: 430: 426: 423: 419: 414: 410: 406: 402: 394: 389: 380: 378: 373: 369: 366: 361: 359: 358:Lincoln ASR.3 354: 350: 341: 337: 335: 331: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 256: 254: 250: 246: 243: 238: 236: 235:depth charges 232: 230: 223: 219: 214: 212: 208: 204: 203:Lincoln ASR.3 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 179: 177: 173: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 141: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 97: 93: 89: 85: 81: 78: 76:Primary users 74: 71: 68: 66: 62: 58: 54: 51: 48: 44: 39: 32: 27: 22: 19: 6412:AEW aircraft 6360:Roy Chadwick 6339:Preservation 6252: 6238: 6229: 6215: 6192: 6187:G for George 6185: 6178: 6158:Super Trader 6116: 5965:Experimental 5823: 5615:Super Trader 5092: 5077: 5062: 4423: 3952:designations 3904:Type letters 3868:Roe aircraft 3861:designations 3782:. Retrieved 3778:the original 3772: 3755: 3742: 3739: 3727: 3711: 3696: 3681: 3663: 3648: 3644: 3629: 3614: 3607: 3590: 3575: 3568:Bibliography 3554:. Retrieved 3550: 3540: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3511: 3504: 3492:. Retrieved 3488: 3478: 3470: 3456: 3448: 3434: 3426: 3419: 3409:– via 3403:. Retrieved 3394: 3386: 3379: 3367:. Retrieved 3364:Howzit.co.za 3363: 3354: 3346: 3331: 3323: 3309: 3300: 3263:. Retrieved 3259: 3250: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3214: 3205: 3196: 3187: 3178: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3128: 3119: 3110: 3098: 3071: 3023: 2993: 2963: 2956:SAAF Museum, 2955: 2941: 2920: 2912: 2898: 2890: 2867: 2858: 2849: 2840: 2831: 2822: 2813: 2801:. Retrieved 2797: 2788: 2781: 2761: 2754: 2742:. Retrieved 2738: 2729: 2717:. Retrieved 2712:The Guardian 2710: 2683: 2674: 2655: 2649: 2640: 2631: 2614: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2582: 2578: 2570: 2566: 2557: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2497: 2488: 2480: 2466: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2414: 2392: 2383: 2374: 2365: 2357: 2353: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2318: 2303: 2294: 2273: 2264: 2256: 2238: 2221:Roy Chadwick 2215: 2179: 2178: 2142: 2141: 2137:Avro Lincoln 2125: 2124: 2072: 2070: 2061: 2051: 2043: 2041: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1995: 1993: 1983: 1973: 1967: 1961: 1955: 1949: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1906: 1899: 1897: 1892: 1891: 1804:(N790WL) at 1801: 1742: 1741:SAAF 1716 J 1733: 1713: 1706: 1695: 1684: 1677: 1670: 1663: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1627: 1615: 1610:(G-SKTN) at 1607: 1581:Johannesburg 1537:South Africa 1530:Nicosia dump 1527: 1519: 1508: 1492: 1475: 1138:South Africa 1122: 1103: 1080:Napier Nomad 1060: 1041: 1037:South Africa 1033: 1011: 1010: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 993: 991: 979: 925: 889: 882: 855: 843:Indian Ocean 828: 822: 797: 791: 779: 765: 750: 733: 724:Beira Patrol 686: 678: 672: 666: 648:, codenamed 638:British Army 633: 627: 593: 581:engine speed 570: 522: 518: 498: 489: 486:Napier Nomad 481: 477: 475: 449: 445: 443: 439: 400: 398: 393:269 Squadron 367: 362: 357: 346: 333: 330:Roy Chadwick 322:Avro Lincoln 307: 267: 239: 228: 222:South Africa 215: 206: 202: 190: 180: 169:Avro Lincoln 148: 146: 140:Avro Lincoln 123:9 March 1949 120:First flight 104:Manufactured 91:Number built 65:Manufacturer 18: 6133:Lancastrian 5946:Cabin Cadet 5751:Silver King 5595:Lancastrian 3076:Air-Britain 3028:Air-Britain 2998:Air-Britain 2789:Oman 1957-9 2116:GM7 compass 2110:Zero reader 2066:Mk 101 Lulu 1996:Performance 1984:Propellers: 1974:Powerplant: 1782:IWM Duxford 1767: / 1734:SAAF 1716 J 1476:SAAF 1722 P 1430:RAF Kinloss 1418:, moved to 1402:RAF St Eval 1400:, moved to 1388:RAF St Eval 1382:, moved to 1380:RAF St Eval 1356:RAF St Eval 1352:RAF Kinloss 1342:RAF Sharjah 1328:RAF Kinloss 1320:RAF St Eval 1272:RAF Kinloss 1270:, moved to 1258:RAF Kinloss 1252:, moved to 1250:RAF Kinloss 1236:RAF St Eval 1226:RAF Hal Far 1224:, moved to 1210:, moved to 1196:, moved to 1194:RAF Kinloss 1123:SAAF 1721 N 1104:SAAF 1721 N 987:RAF St Eval 983:42 Squadron 823:SAAF 1717 0 786:, based at 730:oil imports 646:Suez Crisis 634:The Growler 448:Shackleton 314:Soviet Navy 291:lend-leased 259:Development 242:jet-powered 183:Soviet Navy 6391:Categories 6322:In fiction 6310:Shackleton 6253:Star Ariel 6239:Star Tiger 6143:Lincolnian 6117:Shackleton 6091:Manchester 5956:Water Baby 5824:Shackleton 5814:Arrowscout 5600:Lincolnian 5508:Transports 3994:(wing set) 3784:25 October 3103:March 1992 2739:Undocs.org 2623:1873203659 2202:References 2054:2 × 20 mm 2034:Power/mass 2015:Endurance: 1952:NACA 23012 1931:Wing area: 1795:On display 1755:13°14′14″W 1752:22°37′50″N 1743:Pelican 16 1691:, England. 1621:On display 1542:On display 1310:RAF Changi 1016:8 Squadron 890:Due to an 705:Royal Navy 701:Madagascar 407:, and the 349:Avro Tudor 207:Shackleton 195:Avro Tudor 115:April 1951 24:Shackleton 6334:Operators 6230:Star Dust 6096:Lancaster 6076:Lancaster 5726:Lancaster 5706:Aldershot 5575:Commodore 5499:Warregull 5484:Sea Tutor 4473:(skipped) 3950:Numerical 3751:1361-4231 3690:1361-4231 3347:af.mil.za 3324:af.mil.za 2231:Citations 2085:Sonobuoys 2081:ASV radar 1986:6-bladed 1919:Wingspan: 1893:Data from 1785:incident. 1564:based at 1515:, Cyprus. 1467:Survivors 1119:bombsight 1094:Operators 900:apartheid 862:Cape Town 799:The Herbs 784:No. 8 Sqn 776:AN/APS-20 728:Rhodesian 546:torpedoes 534:sonobuoys 470:turbojets 418:tailplane 405:ASV Mk 13 231:oil spill 167:from the 107:1951–1958 6232:accident 5838:Fighters 5711:Antelope 5585:Eighteen 5432:Trainers 4465:projects 3961:aircraft 3853:aircraft 3732:Fairford 3684:, 2005. 3556:16 April 3464:Archived 3442:Archived 3405:19 April 3369:19 April 3340:Archived 3317:Archived 3265:19 April 3074:(2/75). 3026:(4/76). 2949:Archived 2906:Archived 2803:19 April 2744:19 April 2719:19 April 2474:Archived 2312:Archived 2121:See also 2073:Avionics 2044:Armament 1842:bomb bay 1577:Meredale 1555:Swartkop 1286:RAF Luqa 1222:RAF Luqa 1208:RAF Luqa 1200:in 1973. 1108:Swartkop 1102:Retired 917:Variants 713:Rhodesia 673:de facto 478:Type 719 446:Type 716 334:Type 696 318:Far East 310:Cold War 191:Type 696 178:bomber. 6369:Related 6305:Lincoln 6101:Lincoln 6084:Bombers 5951:Popular 5865:Avenger 5731:Lincoln 5721:Buffalo 5669:Bombers 5560:Andover 5494:Prefect 4463:Unbuilt 3921:Type Es 3745:, 2005 3411:YouTube 3078:. 1975. 3030:. 1976. 3000:. 1975. 2113:GPI MK4 1938:Airfoil 1925:Height: 1913:Length: 1778:Zouérat 1716:at the 1657:England 1518:MR/T.2 1083:Nomads. 892:embargo 663:in Oman 589:nacelle 540:and an 468:Mk 203 422:Bristol 413:ventral 286:snorkel 264:Origins 128:Retired 99:History 6327:Ashton 6204:Topics 6163:Ashton 6153:Trader 6110:Patrol 6002:Duigan 5992:Ashton 5880:Spider 5870:Avocet 5829:Wright 5756:Vulcan 5625:Trader 5605:Saloon 5570:Ashton 5474:Athena 3941:Type J 3936:Type H 3931:Type G 3926:Type F 3916:Type E 3911:Type D 3749: 3718: 3703: 3688: 3670: 3655: 3636: 3621: 3597: 3582: 3524:Flight 3494:6 July 2769: 2692:. QDL. 2662: 2621: 2583:Flight 2571:Flight 2461:, p.44 2457: 2358:Flight 2257:Flight 2062:Bombs: 2009:Range: 1800:AEW.2 1662:AEW.2 1507:AEW.2 1497:Cyprus 1167: 1135: 697:Cyprus 642:Cyprus 585:torque 504:Design 462:galley 409:radome 365:serial 278:U-boat 189:, the 172:bomber 6251:1949 6237:1948 6228:1947 6216:PA278 6214:1945 6194:PA474 6180:FM213 6148:Tudor 5997:Burga 5931:Avian 5819:Bison 5809:Anson 5655:XXIII 5630:Tudor 5580:Eight 5565:Anson 5489:Tutor 5479:Cadet 5469:Anson 3959:Built 2996:(1). 2794:(PDF) 2417:1997. 2207:Notes 2104:Tacan 2088:ESM ( 2052:Guns: 1943:root: 1907:Crew: 1802:WL790 1714:XF708 1712:MR.3 1707:WR985 1705:MR.3 1696:WR982 1694:MR.3 1685:WR977 1683:MR.3 1678:WR974 1676:MR.3 1671:WR971 1669:MR.3 1664:WR960 1649:WL795 1647:MR.2 1642:WL756 1640:MR.2 1635:WG511 1633:MR.1 1628:VP293 1626:MR.1 1608:WR963 1606:MR.2 1528:XF700 1520:WR967 1509:WL747 959:1951. 942:VW135 936:VW131 930:VW126 780:AEW 2 368:VW135 229:Wafra 6315:York 6138:York 6073:Avro 5941:Baby 5936:Avis 5875:Pike 5746:Pike 5660:York 5650:XXII 5590:Five 5425:Role 4968:685B 3859:Avro 3851:Avro 3786:2014 3747:ISSN 3716:ISBN 3701:ISBN 3686:ISSN 3668:ISBN 3653:ISBN 3634:ISBN 3619:ISBN 3595:ISBN 3580:ISBN 3558:2019 3496:2022 3407:2022 3371:2022 3267:2022 2805:2022 2767:ISBN 2746:2022 2721:2022 2660:ISBN 2619:ASIN 2455:ISBN 1976:4 × 1950:tip: 1946:NACA 1526:MR3 1449:and 796:and 745:Oman 743:and 482:MR 4 476:The 450:MR 3 444:The 401:MR 2 399:The 375:the 268:The 165:Avro 147:The 131:1991 70:Avro 46:Type 5987:707 5982:576 5977:575 5972:574 5921:560 5916:558 5911:539 5906:538 5901:510 5860:531 5855:530 5850:527 5845:521 5804:541 5799:512 5794:511 5789:510 5784:508 5779:503 5774:501 5716:Ava 5701:730 5696:529 5691:528 5686:522 5681:519 5676:504 5645:XXI 5635:XIX 5620:Ten 5610:Six 5555:748 5550:652 5545:618 5540:553 5535:547 5530:546 5525:542 5520:537 5515:536 5464:552 5459:548 5454:545 5449:540 5444:504 5439:500 5408:784 5403:783 5398:782 5393:781 5388:779 5383:778 5378:777 5373:776 5368:775 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