521:, who suggested that he write the book. Many of the members of the troop were still alive at the time of writing and so the author was able to carry out interviews with them and others involved, as acknowledged in the book. However many still wished to remain anonymous, fearing retribution for what they did, even though it was 35 years after the end of the war. The book tells the true story of "X" Troop commando Stephen Rigby, a.k.a. Stefan Rosenberg and "Nimrod", a German Jew by birth. He is chosen for a secret and dangerous part in the deception plans to persuade the Germans that the D-Day invasion would take place near Calais and not in Normandy. His secret mission saw him dropped in France, pursued by both the Resistance and the Germans, and eventually briefing in person first Rommel and then Hitler before escaping to return to British forces.
858:
168:
456:, where they were included as No. 2 (Dutch) Troop in No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando. Several members of the Brigade “Princess Irene” then followed the commando training to supplement No 2 Dutch Troop. In May 1943 the strength of No 2 Dutch Troop was five officers, 12 NCOs and 67 corporals and men. In 1943 No. 2 (Dutch) Troop was assigned to be deployed in the Far East against the Japanese. Only five Dutchmen were deployed from India, partly with No 44 (Royal Marine) Commando and partly with No 5 Commando, behind enemy lines in Araan,
78:
60:
2320:
31:
331:
1041:
242:
977:
saw the largest concentration of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando men since their formation parade in 1943. Under command
Lieutenant Colonel Laycock the commando was deployed; Headquarters and a section from No. 3 Troop and No. 2 Dutch Troop with Headquarters 4th Commando Brigade. The French No. 2 and
780:
to be questioned, Lane believed he was not executed under the
Commando Order because of his meeting with Rommel. In total 12 men were reported missing during the Hardtack raids and only five were later accounted for. The commando also took over responsibility for small-scale parachute operations
907:
For the next three months No. 3 Troop carried out patrols in advance of the
British lines. These patrols were not without loss. The troop commander Captain Bryan Hilton-Jones was captured trying to lead resistance fighters through the lines. Some of the men captured would become prisoners of war
350:, administration officer and drivers. The formation of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando meant that by the end of the war it was the largest commando unit in the British Army. Like all British Commandos the men of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando went through the six-week intensive commando course at
502:
All members of the troop adopted
British names and false personal histories. A total of 130 men served in X Troop; they never fought as a complete unit but provided valuable service to other formations as interpreters and interrogators. The troop lost 21 men killed and 22 wounded.
412:
Free Dutch Forces No. 2 Troop consisted of 62 men under command of
Captain Mulders. The troop formed in June 1942 was always below establishment and never deployed as a complete independent unit. The men acted as liaison officers, guides and interpreters during operations
374:(over 80% of the Polish troop were parachute qualified) and they also trained in mountain climbing and Arctic warfare. At the same time as the move to Eastbourne the commando got a new commanding officer when Lieutenant Colonel Peter Laycock took over command on 15 May.
611:
No. 6 Troop was first formed in August 1942 as the 1st
Independent Commando Company. It was integrated into No. 10 Commando in October 1942. Commanded by Captain Smrokowski it comprised seven officers and 84 men. These men were sometimes approached to join personally.
895:
was ordered to walk down the main street of what seemed a deserted village. The intention was to draw fire and identify where the
Germans were hiding. By the night of D Day 1st Special Service Brigade, including No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando elements had crossed the
264:, as small highly trained units which would "develop a reign of terror down the enemy coast". At first they were a small force of volunteers who carried out small raids against enemy-occupied territory, but by 1943 their role had changed into lightly equipped assault
228:
Units from No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando served in North-West Europe, the
Mediterranean, Scandinavia and Burma, mostly in small numbers attached to other military formations. By the end of the war, No. 10 Commando had become the largest commando formation in the
927:
the original 185 French troops, had been reduced to only 40 unwounded. The numbers in the French ranks were quickly filled by men who had started training as a new No. 7 French Troop using the number left vacant when the
Yugoslav troop was disbanded.
490:
Most members of the troop were Jews of German, Austrian or
Eastern European origins. Other members were German political refugees, or members of other religious minorities persecuted by the Nazis in Germany. At least one member had been imprisoned in
553:
of 19 August 1942. Five X Troop members, all Sudeten Germans, were ordered to enter the German HQ and "pick up all documents, etc of value, including, if possible, a new German respirator” with the inference that 'respirator' referred to the
690:
Most of the men from No. 3 Commando were captured during the landings. The men from No. 10 Commando / No. 3 Troop had one killed and two captured and never heard of again. Among the Frenchmen of No. 10 Commando / No. 7 Troop captured were
201:. A low number of recruits, however, meant that the unit was disbanded and the volunteers returned to their units. In July 1942, the unit was raised again as a multinational force, recruiting volunteers from German-occupied Europe and
354:. The course in the Scottish Highlands concentrated on fitness, speed marches, weapons training, map reading, climbing, small boat operations and demolitions both by day and by night. In May 1943 the commando moved to
1056:
No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando was disbanded on 4 September 1945, after the end of the war, but many of No 3 Troop continued in sensitive and secret work in the occupation zone, tracking Nazi Resistance groups,
654:
The men from No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando were usually attached to other units who used their knowledge of the area of operations and the language to their advantage as interpreters and interrogators.
865:
The French troops of 185 men in total landed on the left flank of Sword Beach during the second wave, of these only 144 managed to reach the assembly point half a mile inland. Their objective was the
2727:
448:
on the Scottish west coast for commando air support and assault troop training. It was here the foundations were laid for the post-war Dutch commando unit. From Troon they went to the new port of
2347:
620:
No 7 Troop was formed in May 1943 after a need was identified for Italian speakers. The commander was Captain Coates but difficulties finding Italian speakers in the British Army led to the
1002:
at the end of April and then flown to Sweden dressed as civilians to join the Free Norwegian Brigade which was ready to cross the border if the German garrison refused to surrender.
2722:
982:
were No. 4 Belgian and No. 5 Norwegian Troops. In December the new No. 7 French Troop having completed training joined the other two French Troops still serving with No.4 Commando.
646:("1st Naval Rifles Commando Battalion"). The troop commander, Captain Charles Trepel, was killed in action with five of his men in a recce on the Dutch coasts on 28 February 1944.
2742:
2737:
2575:
1204:
1796:
2717:
2702:
2340:
580:. As Belgium had surrendered in 1940, the Belgian forces serving with the Allies risked facing charges of treason on their return; the charges were only annulled in 1948.
766:
were for beach reconnaissance, for the purpose of bringing back photographs and examples of mines and obstacles that had been laid. In one of these raids Hungarian-born
2712:
1465:
1024:
Also in 1945 two new Belgian troops had gone through the commando school and now formed No. 9 and No. 10 Troops. Together with No. 4 Troop they came under command
342:
Dudley Lister was formed on 2 July 1942. The men of the new commando were all foreigners except for the British headquarters. Headquarters consisted of a British
2707:
2333:
1080:
Of the Western nations represented in No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando only Norway did not develop a commando force. The French troops are the predecessors of the
479:
No. 3 Troop, perhaps better known as "X" Troop, was possibly the strangest unit in the British Army, since it consisted mostly of personnel who were technically
386:(1st Company of Naval Rifles). Over time the Unit grew up to a second troop (see below, Troop 8) and a half Troop (K-GUN). The unit retained its links with the
428:
started on 22 March 1942 with preliminary training at No 3, No 4, No 9 and No 12 Commando. In May 1942, the group met at the Commando Basic Training Centre in
318:
who could see the value of a foreign commando unit but insisted it should include volunteers from all the occupied territories. It falls under the command of
2757:
346:, second in command, adjutant, intelligence officer and NCO, medical officer and medical orderlies, signals officer and signals section, training officer,
1931:
866:
2752:
2747:
1061:
and translating captured documents. At the same time the rest of the Army Commandos were also disbanded and the commando role was taken over by the
951:, which was to have been flown into the area when Deelen Airport was captured, eventually they ended up in the Staff of 1st British Airborne Corps.
487:. The troop was also known as the "English Troop", "Jewish Troop" or "British Troop", and was officially renamed the "Miscellaneous Troop" in 1944.
2486:
1523:
577:
2732:
1045:
998:. In February the Norwegian High Command requested No. 5 Norwegian Troop take part in the Liberation of Norway. The troop was transferred to the
2289:. This book contains a chapter on the original 1990's research by Sugarman on the real and assumed names of all members of the Jewish 3 Troop
483:– German and Austrian Jews – under the command of Captain Bryan Hilton-Jones. However, its first members, in July 1942, were eight men from
874:
642:
820:. Political differences in the Yugoslav troop and hostility from the partisans led to its disbandment. No. 4 Troop then worked with the
599:, the 120 men of the troop came from refugees brought back to Britain after commando raids and sailors stranded abroad after the German
2300:
1752:
1800:
958:
only to find during a reconnaissance that the Germans had already left. They moved to the European mainland and were attached to the
873:. When they reached the casino the lightly armed French commandos were unable to break into the fortified building and called upon a
382:
No. 1 Troop was formed in April 1942 by Philippe Kieffer, from an intake of 40 Frenchmen, who were initially called 1re Compagnie de
1956:
667:) on 19 August 1942. Men from No. 3 ("British") Troop were tasked with gathering German documents from the town hall and distribute
187:
812:
In January 1944 the Belgian No. 4 Troop and the Yugoslav No. 7 Troop attached to the 2nd Special Service Brigade were sent to the
2310:
1986:
640:
and men who had been interned and released in Spain. The two French troops were combined under command of Kieffer and called the
2315:
901:
2762:
2235:
2128:
2049:
1550:
440:. No. 2 Dutch Troop was part of No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando. 29 June 1942, the graduates left Achnacarry and moved on to
334:
Men from No. 6 Polish Troop on exercise in Scotland 1943. Note the No.10 Commando, Poland and the combined operations badges
878:
2185:
750:
Starting in July a series of raids were carried out, by men from the two French troops and No. 3 Troop, on the French and
558:. It has been suggested that the whole large military operation was cover for the objective of securing Enigma materials.
2599:
1066:
636:
No. 8 Troop was formed in 1943 from 45 men of the disbanded 2nd Naval Infantry Battalion which had been stationed in the
362:
coast where they carried out specialist training which unusually for a non parachute unit included parachute training at
759:
363:
2273:
2254:
2216:
2174:
2155:
2109:
2068:
2030:
1506:
707:, but Cesar managed to persuade the Germans he was a French Canadian and eventually escaped and returned to England.
198:
827:
flotilla boarding enemy shipping. In April 1944, the commando lost No. 6 Polish Troop which was transferred to the
683:, to act as interpreters, gather information, and also to persuade Frenchmen to return with them and enlist in the
584:
311:
549:, published in 2021, found a previously classified report about X Troop's part in the disastrous and unsuccessful
295:-sized units now called commandos. Each commando would consist of around 390 men in a small headquarters and six "
2767:
1179:
1169:
913:
792:
failed to reach a rendezvous on time. Later in the year No. 2 Dutch Troop was sent to the Far East to work with
2511:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2090:
1089:
979:
909:
793:
744:
740:
1029:
936:
496:
1935:
621:
2671:
954:
The Belgian No. 4 Troop had returned to England in June and were selected to capture the French island of
842:
landings the commando had lost the Yugoslav and Polish troops, and the two French troops were attached to
2604:
2594:
2589:
1628:
1018:
847:
785:
573:
319:
935:
17 September 1944. The troop was divided between the three parachute divisions, 12 men were assigned to
857:
2609:
2420:
1194:
1025:
854:. No. 3 Troop was divided by sections between the other eight commando units involved in the landings.
257:
183:
2548:
1264:
1239:
1229:
1184:
1129:
536:
X steht für unbekannt: Deutsche und Österreicher in den britischen Streitkräften im Zweiten Weltkrieg
518:
492:
114:
2676:
2532:
2430:
1254:
1081:
1005:
The next major operation involving men from No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando was the crossing of the
463:
After the war, members of No. 2 Dutch troop served in Depot Speciale Troepen (DST) after former in
931:
In mid-1944 No. 2 Dutch Troop returned to Europe their first mission on the European mainland was
2681:
2584:
2405:
2325:
948:
944:
932:
687:
forces. The men attached to No. 4 Commando assisted them in the capture of the Hess gun battery.
414:
197:
The unit's origins were in a British volunteer unit proposed in August 1940 which recruited from
600:
2305:
1873:
1274:
1224:
940:
920:
891:.) In another sector of the landings Working Corporal Peter Masters of No. 3 Troop attached to
883:
881:
to assist and soon captured the position. (This assault on the casino was featured in the film
770:
625:
464:
425:
191:
788:
in Italy. Notably the Poles captured a German-occupied village alone when the 2/6th Battalion
628:. The troop only numbered two officers and 20 men and it was renamed No. 7 Yugoslavian Troop.
2527:
1964:
1960:
1756:
1695:
1691:
1294:
1159:
1085:
468:
222:
1314:
Published under the title 'X-Troop' and 'Codename Nimrod' in different countries and formats
861:
Commandos engaged in house to house fighting with the Germans at Riva Bella, near Ouistreham
2666:
2455:
1199:
1074:
959:
947:
and three were assigned to 1st Airborne Corps headquarters. Another five were assigned to
908:
while others were never heard of again. Hilton-Jones was later released from captivity by
8:
2661:
1164:
1109:
1070:
974:
967:
789:
567:
418:
111:
1234:
1174:
1149:
991:
817:
763:
395:
387:
367:
343:
339:
307:
280:
269:
2356:
2269:
2250:
2231:
2212:
2205:
2191:
2170:
2151:
2134:
2124:
2105:
2086:
2064:
2045:
2026:
1556:
1546:
1502:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1249:
1244:
1209:
1189:
1154:
1124:
1119:
1010:
672:
664:
529:
407:
394:
insignia and headgear. Troop 1, Troop 8 and K-Gun were attached to No 4 Commando for
315:
261:
2625:
1259:
1219:
978:
No. 8 troops with a section from No. 2 Dutch Troop with No. 4 Commando. While with
755:
728:
383:
303:
245:
1499:
The Unknown Warrior : the Allies' greatest deception in the days before D-Day
2564:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2425:
1289:
1139:
828:
736:
720:
716:
288:
955:
572:
No. 4 Troop was formed on 7 August 1942, by seven officers and 100 men from the
2410:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
1214:
1134:
1114:
999:
990:
In January to March the three French troops carried out raids on the island of
892:
888:
843:
824:
797:
700:
692:
680:
676:
555:
514:
484:
284:
65:
2138:
1560:
302:
The idea for a foreign commando unit came from a junior French naval officer,
2696:
1101:
1062:
887:, although the shooting location for Ouistreham was at the nearby village of
832:
774:
751:
441:
347:
663:
The first action men from the Commando took part in was the Raid on Dieppe (
2195:
1058:
821:
777:
704:
668:
506:
260:" units were first created in 1940, by order of the British Prime Minister
230:
194:. This unit was used to help co-ordinate attacks with other Allied forces.
134:
83:
167:
2645:
2635:
2496:
2481:
2476:
2471:
1144:
1014:
1006:
924:
851:
684:
550:
480:
437:
276:
249:
206:
202:
2640:
2321:
List of decorations awarded to members of No.10 (Inter-Allied) Commando
897:
870:
767:
596:
449:
429:
371:
355:
351:
275:
The man selected as the overall commander of the force was Admiral Sir
124:
583:
After the war, the Belgian troop formed the core of the newly created
1633:
1524:"Raid on Dieppe masked secret mission to steal Nazis' Enigma machine"
963:
436:, for command training. Ultimately, of those 48 men, 25 received the
292:
30:
1028:
to provide local security. No. 10 Belgian Troop went on to liberate
994:
to prevent the Germans using the island to mount operations against
2630:
1104:
were awarded to the British Commandos during the Second World War.
1049:
813:
696:
524:
Three members of this troop wrote books on its history: Ian Dear's
433:
265:
241:
93:
2355:
1040:
2102:
Europe in exile: European exile communities in Britain, 1940–1945
995:
724:
637:
214:
2728:
Military units and formations of the Netherlands in World War II
732:
359:
218:
210:
513:,. Leasor had heard the story about the unit from Colonel Sir
839:
801:
784:
In November No. 4 Belgian and No. 6 Polish Troops joined the
509:
first revealed the existence of X-Troop in 1980 in his book,
457:
453:
445:
296:
781:
together with 4 (PARA) Troop, No. 12 Commando in September.
595:
No. 5 Troop was formed in August 1942 under command Captain
391:
330:
225:, organised into independent sub-units known as "troops".
2723:
Military units and formations of Belgium in World War II
2207:
Striking Back: A Jewish Commando's War against the Nazis
1021:
with German-speaking men from No. 3 (X) Troop attached.
531:
Striking Back: A Jewish Commando's War against the Nazis
2743:
Military units and formations of Norway in World War II
2738:
Military units and formations of Poland in World War II
2148:
D-Day 1944: Sword Beach & British Airborne Landings
248:
in British uniform with French rank depicted, note the
2228:
Desert raiders; Axis and Allied Special Forces 1940–43
773:(real name Gyuri Lányi) was captured and taken to see
2266:
The Second World War 1939–1945 Army – Airborne Forces
1442:
1440:
1088:, and the Belgian Troops are the predecessors of the
2718:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
2121:
X troop: the secret Jewish commandos of World War II
1543:
X troop: the secret Jewish commandos of World War II
547:
X Troop: the secret Jewish commandos of World War II
474:
338:
No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando under the command of
190:, recruited largely from non-British personnel from
2703:
Commando units and formations of the United Kingdom
1077:can all trace their origins to the Army Commandos.
205:. It included volunteers from France, Belgium, the
2204:
1797:"The Amphibious Assault by Royal Marine Commandos"
1437:
1044:Memorial to the members of No.3 (Jewish) Troop in
2713:Military units and formations established in 1942
715:In early 1943, No. 5 Norwegian Troop worked with
2694:
754:coastlines. These raids under the code names of
2099:
900:and were dug in guarding the left flank of the
723:raiding the Norwegian coast from their base in
2708:Battalions of the British Army in World War II
2357:British Commando units of the Second World War
1084:. The Dutch Troop are the predecessors of the
912:when they captured a German field hospital at
615:
2341:
1989:. Ministère de la Défense,la Composante Terre
831:and later took part in the Polish assault on
2758:1945 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
2020:
962:for the amphibious assault on the island of
675:. The No. 1 (French) Troop were attached to
624:offering Italian-speaking Slovenes from the
467:(KST) (1945–1950); after that it formed the
2451:No. 62 Commando (Small Scale Raiding Force)
2145:
800:behind the Japanese lines in the Arakan in
643:1er Bataillon de Fusiliers Marins Commandos
2348:
2334:
2164:
747:and later the landings on mainland Italy.
699:Cesar. Montaillaur was executed under the
590:
310:. The idea was eventually put to the then
2753:1942 establishments in the United Kingdom
2264:Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H. (1990).
1501:(1st Lyons Press ed.). Lyons Press.
2748:Expatriate military units and formations
2282:
2225:
2100:Conway, Martin; Gotovitch, José (2001).
2058:
1957:"The history of the Commando Foundation"
1859:
1857:
1820:
1818:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1039:
856:
561:
329:
240:
188:British Army during the Second World War
2244:
2202:
2118:
1932:"Les fusiliers marins et les commandos"
1572:
1570:
1540:
1468:(in Dutch). Defensie.nl. December 2017.
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
631:
606:
377:
2733:French expatriate units and formations
2695:
2183:
2039:
1874:"No 3 (Jewish) Troop, No. 10 Commando"
1799:. Royal Marines Museum. Archived from
1521:
401:
2329:
2263:
2123:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
1854:
1815:
1684:
1661:
1649:
1588:
1545:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
1423:
1391:
1389:
731:and No. 3 Troop were involved in the
299:" of three officers and 62 men each.
163:Combined Operations recognition badge
2165:Lord, Cliff; Watson, Graham (2004).
2080:
2023:No. 10 Inter-Allied Commando 1942–45
1987:"Centre d'Entraînement de Commandos"
1626:
1567:
1398:
879:Royal Marines Armoured Support Group
2146:Ford, Ken; Gerrard, Howard (2002).
534:(1997) and Peter Leighton-Langer's
306:, after he heard of the successful
13:
1496:
1386:
364:No.1 Parachute Training School RAF
14:
2779:
2294:
1753:"No 2 Dutch Troop 10 IA Commando"
1692:"No 2 Dutch Troop 10 IA Commando"
1230:North-West Europe 1942, 1944–1945
1095:
540:The Kings Most Loyal Enemy Aliens
2245:Moreman, Timothy Robert (2006).
2169:. Helion & Company Limited.
1777:Conway & Gotovitch, pp.88–89
517:and had it confirmed by Admiral
166:
76:
58:
29:
2042:Daring missions of World War II
2001:
1979:
1949:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1866:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1718:
1709:
1675:
1620:
1611:
1602:
1579:
1534:
1515:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1458:
1449:
1308:
574:1st Independent Belgian Brigade
16:British Army WWII commando unit
2512:No. 48 (Royal Marine) Commando
2507:No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando
2502:No. 46 (Royal Marine) Commando
2497:No. 45 (Royal Marine) Commando
2492:No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando
2487:No. 43 (Royal Marine) Commando
2482:No. 42 (Royal Marine) Commando
2477:No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando
2472:No. 40 (Royal Marine) Commando
2416:No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando
1414:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1017:. The main commando force was
980:No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando
910:No. 46 (Royal Marine) Commando
794:No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando
745:No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando
741:No. 40 (Royal Marine) Commando
497:Buchenwald concentration camps
426:Royal Brigade "Princess Irene"
398:and the Netherlands campaign.
291:. By March 1941 there were 11
180:No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando
24:No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando
1:
2316:Commando veterans association
1894:Lord & Graham, pp.216–317
1522:Gumbel, Andrew (9 May 2021).
1321:
1030:Neuengamme concentration camp
937:1st British Airborne Division
649:
576:under the command of Captain
236:
2763:International special forces
1627:Gray, Sadie (7 April 2010).
1205:Middle East 1941, 1942, 1944
622:Special Operations Executive
325:
312:Chief of Combined Operations
268:specialised in spearheading
7:
2605:4th Special Service Brigade
2600:3rd Special Service Brigade
2595:2nd Special Service Brigade
2590:1st Special Service Brigade
2040:Breuer, William B. (2001).
2021:van der Bijl, Nick (2006).
1180:Landing at Porto San Venere
848:1st Special Service Brigade
786:2nd Special Service Brigade
616:No. 7 (Mediterranean) Troop
320:1st Special Service Brigade
279:, himself a veteran of the
10:
2784:
2610:Special Air Service Troops
2421:No. 11 (Scottish) Commando
1487:van der Bijl, 2006 pp.17–8
1065:. However the present day
1026:80th Anti-Aircraft Brigade
565:
405:
2677:No. 1 Demolition Squadron
2654:
2618:
2573:
2557:
2549:Royal Air Force Commandos
2541:
2520:
2464:
2363:
2283:Sugarman, Martin (2017).
2247:British Commandos 1940–46
2226:Molinari, Andrea (2007).
1035:
519:Earl Mountbatten of Burma
162:
157:
145:
140:
130:
120:
115:1 Special Service Brigade
107:
99:
89:
71:
53:
45:
37:
28:
23:
2672:Special Raiding Squadron
2533:British commando frogmen
2431:No. 14 (Arctic) Commando
2221:– via archive.org.
1876:. Jewish Virtual Library
1715:Ford & Gerrard, p.75
1301:
1013:) and then crossing the
943:, Five were assigned to
2682:Long Range Desert Group
2585:Special Service Brigade
2406:No. 8 (Guards) Commando
2268:. Imperial War Museum.
2203:Masters, Peter (1997).
2083:Ten Commando, 1942-1945
2059:Chappell, Mike (1996).
2044:. John Wiley and Sons.
1936:Ministère de la Défense
1629:"Obituary, George Lane"
985:
949:52nd (Lowland) Division
945:101st Airborne Division
933:Operation Market Garden
807:
710:
658:
591:No. 5 (Norwegian) Troop
545:Leah Garrett's history
528:(1987), Peter Masters'
526:Ten Commando, 1942-1945
475:No. 3 Troop ("X" Troop)
2768:Allies of World War II
2655:Other Commando forces:
2184:Leasor, James (1980).
2167:Royal Corps of Signals
2119:Garrett, Leah (2021).
2085:. London: Leo Cooper.
2061:Army Commandos 1940–45
1842:van der Bijl, pp.53–54
1833:van der Bijl, pp.57–58
1541:Garrett, Leah (2021).
1053:
941:82nd Airborne Division
939:, 11 were assigned to
862:
626:Royal Yugoslavian Army
585:2nd Commando Battalion
465:Korps Speciale Troepen
424:About 48 men from the
335:
253:
192:German-occupied Europe
2667:Special Boat Squadron
2528:Royal Naval Commandos
2311:No. 5 Norwegian Troop
2287:. Valentine Mitchell.
2249:. Osprey Publishing.
2230:. Osprey Publishing.
2150:. Osprey Publishing.
2063:. Osprey Publishing.
2025:. Osprey Publishing.
1961:Korps Commandotroepen
1757:Korps Commandotroepen
1696:Korps Commandotroepen
1086:Korps Commandotroepen
1043:
902:6th Airborne Division
860:
562:No. 4 (Belgian) Troop
556:Enigma cypher machine
469:Korps Commandotroepen
333:
244:
2456:Middle East Commando
2306:No. 3 (Jewish) Troop
1585:van der Bijl, pp.8–9
1466:"No.2 (Dutch) Troop"
1225:North Africa 1941–43
1090:Paracommando Brigade
1075:Special Boat Service
1019:1st Commando Brigade
975:assault on Walcheren
960:4th Commando Brigade
632:No. 8 (French) Troop
607:No. 6 (Polish) Troop
378:No. 1 (French) Troop
2662:Special Air Service
2187:The Unknown Warrior
1071:Special Air Service
968:Operation Infatuate
838:By the time of the
568:Free Belgian Forces
511:The Unknown Warrior
402:No. 2 (Dutch) Troop
270:amphibious landings
112:Combined Operations
2211:. Presidio Press.
2104:. Berghahn Books.
2081:Dear, Ian (1987).
1967:on 31 October 2010
1863:van der Bijl, p.58
1851:van der Bijl, p.57
1824:van der Bijl, p.49
1786:van der Bilj, p.46
1742:van der Bijl, p.32
1724:van der Bijl, p.31
1681:van der Bijl, p.17
1672:van der Bijl, p.19
1658:van der Bijl, p.24
1617:van der Bijl, p.23
1608:van der Bijl, p.14
1599:van der Bijl, p.13
1478:van der Bijl, p.6.
1455:van der Bijl, p. 6
1446:van der Bijl, p.25
1434:van der Bijl, p.11
1420:van der Bijl, p.12
1290:Valli di Comacchio
1240:Pursuit to Messina
1067:Parachute Regiment
1054:
992:Schouwen-Duiveland
863:
818:Yugoslav Partisans
764:Operation Tarbrush
760:Operation Hardtack
601:invasion of Norway
419:Infatuate I and II
396:Overlord operation
388:Free French Forces
344:Commanding Officer
340:Lieutenant Colonel
336:
281:Gallipoli Campaign
254:
2690:
2689:
2237:978-1-84603-006-2
2130:978-0-358-17203-1
2051:978-0-471-40419-4
1803:on 2 January 2011
1576:van der Bijl, p.8
1552:978-0-358-17203-1
1411:van der Bijl, p.5
1383:van der Bijl, p.6
1185:Landing in Sicily
1011:Operation Plunder
867:Riva Bella Casino
673:French resistance
665:Operation Jubilee
408:Free Dutch Forces
316:Louis Mountbatten
262:Winston Churchill
174:
173:
103:Maximum 11 Troops
2775:
2542:Royal Air Force:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2301:No.2 Dutch Troop
2288:
2279:
2260:
2241:
2222:
2210:
2199:
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2161:
2142:
2115:
2096:
2077:
2074:
2055:
2036:
2008:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1963:. Archived from
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1912:Breuer, pp.46–47
1910:
1904:
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1345:
1339:
1336:
1315:
1312:
1270:Steamroller Farm
1220:Normandy Landing
919:By the time the
790:Queen's Regiment
756:Operation Forfar
729:Shetland Islands
695:Montailleur and
384:Fusiliers Marins
304:Philippe Kieffer
246:Philippe Kieffer
199:Northern Command
170:
135:Second World War
82:
80:
79:
64:
62:
61:
49:4 September 1945
33:
21:
20:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2650:
2614:
2569:
2565:No. 30 Commando
2553:
2537:
2516:
2460:
2446:No. 52 Commando
2441:No. 51 Commando
2436:No. 50 Commando
2426:No. 12 Commando
2359:
2354:
2297:
2292:
2276:
2257:
2238:
2219:
2177:
2158:
2131:
2112:
2093:
2075:
2071:
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2033:
2011:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1903:Otway, pp.31–32
1902:
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1879:
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1862:
1855:
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1520:
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1509:
1497:Leasor, James.
1495:
1491:
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1299:
1098:
1082:Naval commandos
1038:
988:
884:The Longest Day
829:II Polish Corps
810:
737:Operation Husky
721:No. 14 Commando
713:
661:
652:
634:
618:
609:
593:
570:
564:
477:
410:
404:
380:
328:
314:, Admiral Lord
289:First World War
252:around the neck
239:
177:
152:
147:
77:
75:
59:
57:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2781:
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2656:
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2651:
2649:
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2643:
2638:
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2628:
2622:
2620:
2619:Ad hoc Forces:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2571:
2570:
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2561:
2559:
2558:Joint Service:
2555:
2554:
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2530:
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2479:
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2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2411:No. 9 Commando
2408:
2403:
2401:No. 7 Commando
2398:
2396:No. 6 Commando
2393:
2391:No. 5 Commando
2388:
2386:No. 4 Commando
2383:
2381:No. 3 Commando
2378:
2376:No. 2 Commando
2373:
2371:No. 1 Commando
2367:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2295:External links
2293:
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2200:
2181:
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2069:
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2031:
2017:
2010:
2009:
2000:
1978:
1948:
1923:
1921:Molinari, p.22
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1865:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1814:
1788:
1779:
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1735:
1733:Masters, p.261
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1165:Greece 1944–45
1162:
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1155:Djebel Choucha
1152:
1150:Dives Crossing
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
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1112:
1106:
1102:Battle honours
1100:The following
1097:
1096:Battle honours
1094:
1037:
1034:
1000:Norwegian Army
987:
984:
893:No. 6 Commando
889:Port-en-Bessin
850:and landed on
844:No. 4 Commando
825:Motor Gun Boat
816:to assist the
809:
806:
798:No. 5 Commando
739:) attached to
712:
709:
701:Commando Order
693:Sergeant Major
681:No. 4 Commando
660:
657:
651:
648:
633:
630:
617:
614:
608:
605:
592:
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578:Georges Danloy
563:
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515:Ronald Wingate
485:Czechoslovakia
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285:Zeebrugge raid
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2364:British Army:
2362:
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2332:
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2328:
2322:
2319:
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2285:Fighting Back
2281:
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2275:0-901627-57-7
2271:
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2256:1-84176-986-X
2252:
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2224:
2220:
2218:0-89141-629-3
2214:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:. Heinemann.
2189:
2188:
2182:
2178:
2176:1-874622-92-2
2172:
2168:
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2159:
2157:1-84176-366-7
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2111:1-57181-503-1
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2032:1-84176-999-1
2028:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2015:
2007:Moreman, p.94
2004:
1988:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
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1933:
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1918:
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1900:
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1395:Moreman, p.22
1392:
1390:
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1374:Chappell, p.7
1371:
1365:Chappell, p.6
1362:
1353:
1347:Chappell, p.3
1344:
1338:Chappell, p.5
1335:
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1170:Italy 1943–45
1168:
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1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
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1135:Burma 1943–45
1133:
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1128:
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1060:
1059:war criminals
1051:
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1046:Penhelig Park
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914:Pont-l'Évêque
911:
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2014:Bibliography
2013:
2012:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:the original
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1868:
1847:
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1805:. Retrieved
1801:the original
1791:
1782:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1747:
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1711:
1699:. Retrieved
1686:
1677:
1639:. Retrieved
1632:
1622:
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1528:The Observer
1527:
1517:
1498:
1492:
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1370:
1361:
1356:Moreman, p.8
1352:
1343:
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1310:
1210:Monte Ornito
1099:
1079:
1055:
1023:
1004:
989:
972:
953:
930:
923:reached the
918:
906:
882:
864:
837:
811:
783:
778:Erwin Rommel
749:
714:
705:Adolf Hitler
689:
662:
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571:
546:
544:
539:
538:(1999) and
535:
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510:
507:James Leasor
505:
501:
489:
481:enemy aliens
478:
462:
423:
411:
381:
337:
308:Lofoten raid
301:
274:
255:
231:British Army
227:
203:enemy aliens
196:
186:unit of the
179:
178:
108:Part of
84:British Army
18:
2646:Timberforce
2636:Layforce II
2626:Forfarforce
2521:Royal Navy:
1295:Westkapelle
1265:Sicily 1943
1260:Sedjenane 1
1250:St. Nazaire
1235:Norway 1941
1130:Argenta Gap
1115:Alethangyaw
1015:River Weser
1007:River Rhine
925:River Seine
852:Sword Beach
771:George Lane
685:Free French
551:Dieppe raid
438:green beret
277:Roger Keyes
250:toggle rope
207:Netherlands
131:Engagements
121:Garrison/HQ
2697:Categories
2641:Northforce
2574:Brigades (
2139:1159041048
2092:0850521211
1561:1159041048
1322:References
1275:Syria 1941
1200:Madagascar
898:River Orne
875:Centaur IV
871:Ouistreham
768:Lieutenant
735:landings (
703:issued by
650:Operations
597:Rolv Hauge
566:See also:
430:Achnacarry
406:See also:
372:Manchester
356:Eastbourne
352:Achnacarry
237:Background
223:Yugoslavia
148:commanders
141:Commanders
125:Eastbourne
1634:The Times
964:Walcheren
877:from the
452:in North
450:Portmadoc
326:Formation
293:battalion
46:Disbanded
41:1942–1945
2631:Layforce
1993:17 April
1971:17 April
1941:17 April
1880:23 April
1807:18 April
1763:18 April
1701:13 April
1641:11 April
1637:. London
1160:Flushing
1110:Adriatic
1050:Aberdyfi
814:Adriatic
697:Corporal
542:(2006).
434:Scotland
390:wearing
283:and the
266:infantry
258:Commando
184:commando
158:Insignia
94:Commando
2196:6869173
1759:history
1280:Termoli
1255:Salerno
996:Antwerp
846:in the
727:in the
725:Lerwick
638:Lebanon
368:Ringway
358:on the
287:of the
215:Denmark
146:Notable
54:Country
2272:
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1559:
1549:
1505:
1285:Vaagso
1215:Myebon
1195:Litani
1175:Kangaw
1145:Dieppe
1036:Legacy
921:Allies
733:Sicily
717:No. 12
493:Dachau
360:Sussex
297:troops
219:Poland
211:Norway
182:was a
81:
72:Branch
63:
38:Active
1327:Notes
1302:Notes
1245:Rhine
1190:Leese
1140:Crete
1125:Anzio
1120:Aller
840:D-Day
802:Burma
458:Burma
454:Wales
446:Troon
370:near
2576:List
2270:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2232:ISBN
2213:ISBN
2192:OCLC
2171:ISBN
2152:ISBN
2135:OCLC
2125:ISBN
2106:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2065:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2027:ISBN
1995:2010
1973:2010
1943:2010
1882:2010
1809:2010
1765:2010
1703:2010
1643:2010
1557:OCLC
1547:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1073:and
986:1945
973:The
808:1944
796:and
762:and
743:and
719:and
711:1943
679:and
677:No.3
659:1942
495:and
392:FNFL
221:and
100:Size
90:Type
970:).
956:Yeu
869:in
822:Vis
444:at
2699::
2578:):
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1959:.
1934:.
1856:^
1817:^
1755:.
1694:.
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1069:,
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2076:*
2073:.
2054:.
2035:.
1997:.
1975:.
1945:.
1884:.
1811:.
1767:.
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256:"
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