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535:(1785). Nanyehi objected to further sales of Cherokee lands to whites, but her objections were largely ignored. The Cherokee were under pressure in Georgia and Alabama from encroachment by White settlers. Some leaders believed that ceding lands bought them some time and helped preserve the Cherokee people. The Chickamauga, however, continued their relentless fight against frontier settlers up to the 1794 establishment of the
467:. She took Bean into her house and nursed her back to health from her wounds. A recovered Bean taught Nanyehi a new loom-weaving technique, which she then taught other women in the tribe. The Cherokee women had typically made garments by sewing a combination of processed hides, handwoven vegetal fiber cloth, and cotton or wool cloth bought from traders. Women wove all the cloth in the village for tribal members' garments.
177:
296:, Nanyehi accompanied her husband to the field, located in what is now northern Georgia. She chewed his bullets before he loaded his gun, so that the jagged edges would inflict more damage. After Kingfisher was killed in the battle, Nanyehi picked up his rifle and led the Cherokee warriors to victory.
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the woman purportedly fought against an enemy nation and was wounded numerous times. The missionaries wrote, "Her left arm is decorated with some designs, which she said were fashionable during her youth...." Chiconehla stayed for two days, entertained by the students, and discussing theology with
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Cherokee oral history tells that in her last years
Nanyehi repeatedly had a vision showing a "great line of our people marching on foot. Mothers with babies in their arms. Fathers with small children on their back. Grandmothers and Grandfathers with large bundles on their backs. They were marching
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from the settlement. While she was living with
Nanyehi, she taught the Cherokee woman how to care for the cows, milk them, and process the milk into dairy products. Both the animals and their products would sustain the Cherokee when hunting was bad. Starr wrote that Nancy Ward successfully raised
1509:
James Mooney's history, myths, and sacred formulas of the
Cherokees : containing the full texts of Myths of the Cherokee (1900) and The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees (1891), as published by the Bureau of American Ethnology : with a new biographical introduction, James Mooney and the
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destroyed more villages and demanded further land cessions. Ward and her family were captured in the battle, but they were eventually released and returned to Chota. In 1780, Ward continued to warn
Patriot soldiers of attacks, in an effort to prevent further retaliatory raids against her people.
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On July 5, 1807, the
Moravian mission school at Spring Place in the Cherokee Nation (now part of Georgia), was visited by three elderly Cherokee women. One had been widowed for 50 years and was said to be nearly 100 years old. She was described by the Moravians as "an unusually sensible person,
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The
British built military stations and frontier posts on Cherokee land. These posts gradually attracted more European-American settlers. A group of White frontiersmen killed a group of Cherokee in present-day West Virginia, who were returning from having helped the British take over
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cows and was said to have been the first to introduce that industry among the
Cherokees. Those Cherokee who adopted loom weaving and dairy farming began to resemble European-American subsistence farmers. According to a 1933 account, Nanyehi was also among the first
351:"You know that women are always looked upon as nothing; but we are your mothers; you are our sons. Our cry is all for peace; let it continue. This peace must last forever. Let your women's sons be ours; our sons be yours. Let your women hear our words."
564:"…don't part with any more of our lands but continue on it and enlarge your farms and cultivate and raise corn and cotton and we, your mothers and sisters, will make clothing for you… It was our desire to forewarn you all not to part with our lands."
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The
Cherokee had to face multiple issues during the Revolutionary War. Most of the tribes were originally allied with the British against the rebel colonists. They wanted to expel the European-American settlers from their lands. Ward's cousin, the
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with many like-minded warriors and their families. The group traveled further down the
Tennessee River valley, away from the White men. He and about 500 Cherokee settled 11 new tribal towns centered on the convergence of the Tennessee River with
547:
In 1808 and again in 1817, the Women's
Council reportedly spoke out against the cession or sale to the United States of any more lands. In 1817 Nanyehi was too sick to attend the Cherokee council at which leaders discussed whether or not to move
443:, and Carter's Valley, respectively. After being beaten back by the frontiersmen, Cherokee raiding parties continued attacks against the isolated settlements in the region. State militias retaliated, destroying Native villages and crops. The
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in Tennessee. Nanyehi expressed surprise that there were no women negotiators among the Americans. Sevier was equally astonished that the Cherokee had entrusted such important work to a woman. Nanyehi reportedly told him,
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In the late 1750s, Nanyehi married an Irish trader, Bryant Ward. She became known as Nancy, an anglicized version of her name. The couple had a daughter together, Elizabeth "Betsy" Ward, who would one day marry General
319:. This made her the only female voting member of the Cherokee general council. She was also named the leader of the women's clan council that authorized her to become an ambassador and negotiator for all her people.
516:, she even sent cattle to the starving militia. In July 1781, Nanyehi negotiated a peace treaty between her people and the Americans. No longer facing a major Cherokee threat along the western frontier, the
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383:(at present-day Pittsburgh). Outraged, the Cherokee killed more than 20 settlers in retaliation. Conflict broke out that lasted two years, during which the Cherokee captured Fort Loudon on the
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In her role as a Beloved Woman, Nancy Ward had the authority to spare captives. Following the Cherokee attacks on the Watauga settlements, she saved settler Lydia (Russell) Bean, the wife of
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in Europe). Each side had Native American allies in North America. In exchange for their assistance, the British Americans promised to protect the Cherokee from their enemies: the Creek and
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415:, wanted to ally with the British against the settlers, but Nanyehi wanted to keep peace with the rebels. In early July 1776, Ward, warned a group of white settlers living near the
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Though Nanyehi's mother is often referred to by historians as "Tame Doe", the name has no historical sources; it is associated with an 1895 historical novel by E. Sterling King.
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Some Lenape had migrated west across the Appalachian Mountains to remove themselves from the encroaching White man, far from their traditional mid-Atlantic coastal territories.
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emissaries formed a delegation that headed south to support the British who were trying to gain the help of the Cherokee and other tribes for war with their rebel colonies.
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towns, crops, and winter supplies. Devastated, the Cherokee sought peace in January 1777, and gave up hunting grounds in east Tennessee to the American frontiersmen.
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277:(or "Kingfisher"). According to historian Emmet Starr, he was a member of the Deer Clan. By the time she was 17, Nanyehi and Kingfisher had two children, Catherine
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and, late in life, spoke out for Cherokee retention of tribal hunting lands. She is credited with the introduction of dairy products to the Cherokee economy.
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Nanyehi has been documented in historical papers and accounts. She is noted in the Calendar of Virginia State Papers, the South Carolina State Papers,
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in early 1777, Dragging Canoe, whose lone counsel to continue the war against the frontier settlements had been dismissed, left the area of the
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West and the 'Unaka' (White Soldiers) were behind them. They left a trail of corpses the weak, the sick who could not survive the journey."
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Ward's peace efforts had not prevented another invasion of the Cherokee territory by the North Carolina militia in 1778. The force under
756:(both Cherokee), translated for her. Historian Rowena McClinton believes Chiconehla was the woman also known as Nanye'hi, or Nancy Ward.
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In the early 1760s, the Cherokee entered an alliance with the British colonists who were fighting the French and their allies in the
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Ward died 1822 – 1824, before the Cherokee were removed from their remaining lands. She and her son, Fivekiller, are buried at the
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and Virginia Royal Scots formed a punitive expedition against Cherokee settlements in Fall of that year, that burnt most of the
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Vol. I, 1805–1813 (pp. 194–196), edited and translated by Rowena McClinton, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 2007.
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266:. According to Nanyehi's descendant, John Walker "Jack" Hildebrand, her father was "Fivekiller", who was a member of the
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1778:
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Articles of convention made between John C Calhoun, Secretary of War, and the Cherokees as the Treaty with the Cherokee
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The Memoirs of Lt. Henry Timberlake : The Story of a Soldier, Adventurer, and Emissary to the Cherokees, 1756-1765
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Ward continued promoting alliance and mutual friendship between the Cherokee and the Americans, helping negotiate the
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The Keetoowah Society and the Avocation of Religious Nationalism in the Cherokee Nation, 1855-1867, U.S. GenNet, Inc.
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Bryant Ward's first wife was a woman of European descent. He was still married to her when he married Nanyehi.
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338:("Little Carpenter"). In 1781, she was among the Cherokee leaders who met with an American delegation led by
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1615:, Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Henry Louis Gates Jr, LeVar Burton, Wes Studi, 2024-01-16
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The Polk County Historical and Genealogical Society maintains a Nancy Ward Room in their genealogy library.
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Nancy Ward opened an inn in southeastern Tennessee at Womankiller Ford, on the Ocowee River (present-day
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The American Revolution in Indian Country : Crisis and Diversity in Native American Communities
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ambassador between the Cherokee and the British and European Americans. She had learned the art of
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were able to send a considerable amount of man power to support the eastern seaboard militias and
304:. Bryant Ward eventually left her, and returned to his base in South Carolina and his first wife.
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The British supported Dragging Canoe's war against the settlers and supplied him with weapons.
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1368:"Welcome to the Nancy Ward Chapter - Tennessee Society Daughters of the American Revolution"
778:"Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art: The Dinner Party: Heritage Floor: Nancy Ward"
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The Association of the Descendants of Nancy Ward, Biography of Nancy Ward, by David Hampton
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Footsteps of the Cherokees : A Guide to the Eastern Homelands of the Cherokee Nation
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tended to be Cherokees in the Deep South, where they were developing cotton plantations.
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1742:"Art Reviews; Red, White and Blue Americana Atop a Cultural Rainbow" by Roberta Smith,
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and on the Virginia border about an imminent attack by her people. In late July 1776,
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1046:(3rd print. ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
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Nancy Ward Statue: Update on recent events and status of historic art sculpture
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For her actions at the Battle of Taliwa, the Cherokee awarded her the title of
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Women and War : A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present
246:(meaning "one who goes about") was born c. 1738 in the Cherokee chief-city,
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1994:
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1659:, edited by Gretchen Bataille and Kathleen Sands, Garland Publishing, 1991.
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and the US federal government. She sent a letter to the council, writing:
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602:, on top of a hill not far from the site of the inn, south of present-day
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Despite her efforts, in 1819 the Cherokee ceded their lands north of the
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1566:. St. Clair Shores, Michigan: Somerset Publishers, Inc. p. 223.
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1189:. Cherokee, N.C.: Museum of the Cherokee Indian Press. p. 122.
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honored and loved by both brown and white people." Said to be named
587:
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644:
James Mooney's History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees
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Notable American Women, 1607–1950 : A Biographical Dictionary
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1931:
630:, placed a memorial marker at the two Ward grave sites in Benton.
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McClary, Ben Harris. "The Last Beloved Woman of the Cherokees."
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History of the Cherokee Indians and Their Legends and Folk Lore.
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224:
116:
19:
For the Federal Emergency Management Agency administrator, see
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James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (1974).
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Great North American Indians: Profiles in Life and Leadership
937:
Moore, Lisa L.; Brooks, Joanna; Wigginton, Caroline (2012).
3454:
1756:
1672:, edited by Gretchen M. Bataille, Garland Publishing, 1993.
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and she was forced to join other Cherokee in moving south.
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An American observer said that her speech was very moving.
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Indigenous Women and Feminism: Politics, Activism, Culture
639:
is trying to raise money to establish a Nancy Ward Museum.
51:
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United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present)
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around 1906, was sold in 1912. It stood in a cemetery in
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292:, when the Cherokee fought their traditional enemy, the
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Tucker, Norma. "Nancy Ward, Ghighau of the Cherokees."
836:; University Press; Nashville: University Press (1895)
824:; University Press; Nashville: University Press (1895)
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the missionaries. A relative, Margaret Scott, wife of
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for about 70 years, but was stolen in the early 1980s.
16:
Cherokee diplomat and Beloved Woman (c.1738 – c.1822)
936:
626:
In 1923 the Nancy Ward chapter of the DAR, based in
1330:The Moravian Springplace Mission to the Cherokees,
943:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 179.
390:A decade later, In May 1775, a group of Delaware,
1394:. Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-Clio. p. 640.
940:Transatlantic Feminisms in the Age of Revolutions
3466:
3191:Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907)
3151:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824-present)
1486:. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
998:( ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press.
579:). Her son cared for her during her last years.
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332:from her maternal uncle, the influential chief
3510:People of Tennessee in the American Revolution
1134:The Human Tradition in the American Revolution
482:
358:
231:. She advocated for peaceful coexistence with
1772:
1137:. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources Inc.
893:
891:
885:Oklahoma City, Oklahoma: Warden Company, 1921
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307:
1707:. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1963
1483:Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico
1170:(New York: Facts on File Publications, 1985)
524:'s Continental army against British General
342:, to discuss American settlements along the
3505:Native Americans in the American Revolution
1560:Ricky, Donald B.; Capace, Nancy K. (1998).
1559:
1100:(3rd ed.). New York: Checkmark Books.
273:While a young teen, Nanyehi was married to
1779:
1765:
1325:
1323:
888:
733:Many Cherokee who adopted the practice of
470:Lydia Bean had reclaimed two of her dairy
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1691:Tennessee Historical Society Quarterly 21
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817:
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1753:. National Women's History Museum. 2015.
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1215:
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991:
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586:
500:. This band was thereafter known as the
477:Cherokees to own African-American slaves
1679:. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1977
1657:American Indian Women: A Research Guide
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195:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
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1512:. Asheville, N.C.: Historical Images.
1500:
1415:
1335:
1306:. Winston-Salem, N.C.: John F. Blair.
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1097:Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes
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834:Nancy Ward, The Pocahontas of the West
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3560:Native American people from Tennessee
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591:Memorial to Nancy Ward, located near
528:' forces in the American Revolution.
3555:Native American history of Tennessee
3550:19th-century Native American leaders
1387:
1381:
1182:
1173:
1073:. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 43.
957:
920:"Ward, Elizabeth Betsy of Wolf Clan"
870:
621:Daughters of the American Revolution
3525:People from pre-statehood Tennessee
2793:First Cherokee Female Seminary Site
1888:Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)
1360:
1343:"Tanasi Trail: Rapids to Railroads"
1023:"Nancy Ward Native American leader"
795:
197: instead of Cherokee syllabics.
13:
3545:19th-century Native American women
3530:18th-century Native American women
3515:Cherokee Nation people (1794–1907)
2442:Sequoyah Constitutional Convention
1727:"Nanye-Hi (Nancy Ward) – Cherokee"
1643:
1168:Atlas of the North American Indian
1012:
659:A statue of Nancy Ward, carved by
14:
3581:
3490:People from Chota (Cherokee town)
3111:Cherokee Nation West (1810-1839)
3076:Cherokee Nation East (1794-1839)
1711:
623:in Tennessee was named after her.
454:
367:(the North American front of the
3520:Native American women in warfare
3500:Women in the American Revolution
2266:Cherokee Preservation Foundation
1664:Women in American Indian Society
1563:Encyclopedia of Illinois Indians
1539:. Wisconsin Historical Society.
1222:"Slavery in the Cherokee Nation"
254:, on the southeastern border of
175:
3246:Cherokee Nation (1975–present)
1698:Georgia Historical Quarterly 53
1675:Dockstader, Frederick J., ed.,
1603:
1536:Guide to the Draper Manuscripts
1427:Tennessee Department of Tourist
1278:
1160:
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972:National Women's History Museum
912:
860:National Women's History Museum
740:
727:
718:
709:
502:Chickamauga (or Lower) Cherokee
2946:Hiwassee River Heritage Center
2873:Chief Vann House Historic Site
2783:Cherokee Removal Memorial Park
1480:Hodge, Frederick Webb (1907).
1388:Cook, Bernard A., ed. (2006).
848:
700:
691:
1:
3540:18th-century Native Americans
3495:Women Native American leaders
2883:Museum of the Cherokee People
1533:Harper, Josephine L. (2014).
763:
676:revealed that Cherokee actor
550:west of the Mississippi River
542:
431:led a surprise attack on the
250:. Today, that area is within
2971:Five Civilized Tribes Museum
2848:Red Clay State Historic Park
2460:Cherokee Towns (pre-Removal)
1786:
1183:King, Duane H., ed. (2007).
1067:Suzack, Cheryl, ed. (2010).
646:, and the Draper Collection.
445:Carolina Light Horse Rangers
227:and political leader of the
185:Cherokee syllabic characters
7:
3535:18th-century American women
3455:Cherokee-language Knowledge
3275:Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith
2296:Cherokee Southwest Township
2281:Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
2213:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)
2130:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles
1949:Flag of the Cherokee Nation
1686:. New York: Dodd Mead, 1975
992:Calloway, Colin G. (1998).
906:New-York Historical Society
533:Cherokee Treaty of Hopewell
483:Cherokee–American War years
463:, at what is present day's
359:Changes to Cherokee society
248:Chota (or "town of refuge")
153:) later known as Fivekiller
10:
3586:
2416:Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt
2391:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
2301:Oconaluftee Indian Village
2276:Original Keetoowah Society
665:Grainger County, Tennessee
652:mentions her in his book,
493:traditional Cherokee towns
308:Beloved Woman and diplomat
258:. Her mother, a sister of
18:
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2989:
2828:Trail of Tears State Park
2778:Cherokee National Capitol
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2450:
2355:
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2184:Jackson and McMinn Treaty
2159:Treaty of Dewitt's Corner
2013:
1957:
1893:Cherokee Immersion School
1820:
1794:
1740:Slide Show: Art Americana
1131:Rhoden, Nancy L. (2000).
822:The Wild Rose of Cherokee
680:is her direct descendant.
609:
512:According to folklorist,
489:Treaty of Dewitt's Corner
223:(c.1738 – c.1823), was a
171:
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126:
112:
102:
82:
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58:
49:
35:
28:
2961:Fort Smith Historic Site
2729:Western Cherokee Nation
2328:Cherokee Central Schools
2113:Battle of Lindley's Fort
1883:Cherokee (Unicode block)
1703:Woodward, Grace Steele.
1507:Ellison, George (1992).
1264:. New York: Dodd, Mead.
809:, Tennessee Encyclopedia
684:
582:
487:With the signing of the
433:Overmountain settlements
281:Walker and Littlefellow
3320:Tahlonteeskee (warrior)
3306:Other notable Cherokee
2240:Jacob Brown Grant Deeds
1751:"Nanye-hi (Nancy) Ward"
1027:Encyclopædia Britannica
670:In 2024, an episode of
654:The Winning of the West
498:South Chickamauga Creek
465:Elizabethton, Tennessee
402:Revolutionary War years
294:Muscogee (Creek) people
238:
3240:William Charles Rogers
3160:William Holland Thomas
2936:The Great Trading Path
2103:Cherokee–American wars
1666:, Chelsea House, 1992.
1631:: CS1 maint: others (
1300:Rozema, Vicki (2007).
1287:, dated Feb. 27, 1819.
1226:Chronicles of Oklahoma
1094:Waldman, Carl (2006).
968:"Nanyehi (Nancy) Ward"
856:"Nanyehi (Nancy Ward)"
637:Polk County, Tennessee
628:Chattanooga, Tennessee
595:
566:
353:
262:, was a member of the
183:This article contains
3570:American slave owners
3485:Cherokee slave owners
2966:Port Royal State Park
2191:Transylvania Purchase
2164:Treaty of Hard Labour
2086:Siege of Fort Loudoun
1812:United Keetoowah Band
1670:Native American Women
1653:, Beacon Press, 1992.
1220:Davis, J. B. (1933).
590:
562:
556:, as was proposed by
365:French and Indian War
349:
131:Tsa-tlo (Kingfisher);
3230:Samuel Houston Mayes
2407:The Cherokee Tobacco
2399:Worcester v. Georgia
2383:freedmen controversy
2343:Sequoyah High School
2333:Cherokee High School
2196:Chickamauga Cherokee
2154:Treaty of Turkeytown
2144:Treaty of New Echota
2120:Nickajack Expedition
2098:Cherokee War of 1776
1700:(June 1969): 192–200
1684:Nancy Ward: Cherokee
1261:Nancy Ward, Cherokee
661:James Abraham Walker
317:(or "Beloved Woman")
2838:Rattlesnake Springs
2423:Cherokee Commission
2108:Battle of Hightower
1995:Kâ'lanû Ahkyeli'skï
1898:New Kituwah Academy
1863:Green Corn Ceremony
1682:Felton, Harold W.,
1649:Allen, Paula Gunn,
1600:, December 22, 2008
1596:; by D. Ray Smith,
1423:"Nancy Ward Museum"
1232:(4). Archived from
344:Little Pigeon River
3565:Women slave owners
3030:Outacite of Keowee
2941:The Great War Path
2916:Oconaluftee valley
2901:Stick Ball Grounds
2823:Tellico Blockhouse
2228:Indian Removal Act
2174:Treaty of Hopewell
2169:Treaty of Lochaber
2125:American Civil War
2081:Anglo-Cherokee War
1965:Ani Hyuntikwalaski
1746:, January 20, 2006
1744:The New York Times
1732:2009-03-05 at the
1592:2011-09-28 at the
1347:Discover Tennessee
673:Finding Your Roots
650:Theodore Roosevelt
596:
322:Nanye'hi became a
233:European Americans
215:: ᎾᏅᏰᎯ), known in
3462:
3461:
3415:Clement V. Rogers
3285:Chuck Hoskin, Jr.
3235:Thomas Buffington
3000:Moytoy of Tellico
2921:Oconaluftee River
2853:Hair Conrad Cabin
2788:Chieftains Museum
2339:Sequoyah Schools
2201:Overhill Cherokee
2179:Treaty of Holston
2149:Treaty of Tellico
2139:Cherokee treaties
1910:Spiritual beliefs
1749:Michals, Debra.
1573:978-0-403-09335-9
1510:eastern Cherokees
1313:978-0-89587-346-0
1256:Felton, Harold W.
924:Cherokee Registry
619:A chapter of the
604:Benton, Tennessee
593:Benton, Tennessee
449:Overhill Cherokee
268:Lenape (Delaware)
204:
203:
191:rendering support
95:Benton, Tennessee
90:(aged 84–85)
44:
3577:
3385:Markwayne Mullin
3215:Dennis Bushyhead
3095:Charles R. Hicks
3020:Moytoy of Citico
2911:Tuckasegee River
2833:Brainerd Mission
2818:Sequoyah's Cabin
2725:Cherokee Nations
2363:Principal Chiefs
2356:Politics and law
2307:Unto These Hills
2271:Warriors Society
2233:Cherokee descent
2207:Cherokee Phoenix
2091:Battle of Echoee
2074:Battle of Taliwa
2053:skiagusta (rank)
1980:Moon-eyed people
1915:Moon-eyed people
1833:National holiday
1781:
1774:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1736:, by Julia White
1637:
1636:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1612:Fathers and Sons
1607:
1601:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1460:The Wakan Circle
1452:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1429:. Archived from
1419:
1413:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1297:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1236:on 10 March 2015
1217:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1180:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1019:
1010:
1009:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
964:
955:
954:
934:
928:
927:
916:
910:
909:
903:
895:
886:
879:
868:
867:
862:. Archived from
852:
846:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
810:
804:
793:
792:
790:
788:
774:
757:
744:
738:
731:
725:
722:
716:
713:
707:
704:
698:
695:
554:Indian Territory
518:Overmountain Men
437:Heaton's station
387:in August 1760.
369:Seven Years' War
290:Battle of Taliwa
179:
178:
89:
54:
38:
26:
25:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3446:
3435:Kimberly Teehee
3295:James L. Gordon
3280:Bill John Baker
3265:Wilma Mankiller
3205:William P. Ross
3180:Patrick Lambert
3025:Standing Turkey
2985:
2931:Sycamore Shoals
2906:Cullasaja River
2858:Nancy Ward Tomb
2808:John Ross House
2770:
2764:
2758:Qualla Boundary
2733:Cherokee Nation
2535:Hiwassee Island
2465:Amoyeligunahita
2452:
2446:
2351:
2318:Female Seminary
2291:Heritage groups
2261:Heritage Center
2249:
2245:Texas Cherokees
2058:outacite (rank)
2009:
1953:
1816:
1802:Cherokee Nation
1790:
1785:
1734:Wayback Machine
1714:
1693:(1962): 352–64.
1651:The Sacred Hoop
1646:
1644:Further reading
1641:
1640:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1594:Wayback Machine
1585:
1581:
1574:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1505:
1501:
1494:
1478:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1433:on 2 April 2015
1421:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1351:
1349:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1237:
1218:
1211:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1129:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1006:
990:
986:
976:
974:
966:
965:
958:
951:
935:
931:
918:
917:
913:
901:
897:
896:
889:
880:
871:
854:
853:
849:
844:
840:
832:
828:
820:
813:
805:
796:
786:
784:
782:Brooklyn Museum
776:
775:
771:
766:
761:
760:
745:
741:
735:chattel slavery
732:
728:
723:
719:
714:
710:
705:
701:
696:
692:
687:
612:
600:Nancy Ward Tomb
585:
545:
537:Cherokee Nation
485:
457:
404:
373:Choctaw peoples
361:
310:
241:
200:
199:
198:
189:Without proper
180:
176:
156:
154:
148:
134:
132:
107:Nancy Ward Tomb
98:
91:
87:
78:
73:
45:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3460:
3459:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3430:Hastings Shade
3427:
3425:Durbin Feeling
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3405:Jenny McIntosh
3402:
3397:
3392:
3390:Yvette Herrell
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:Nunnahitsunega
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3340:Elias Boudinot
3337:
3332:
3327:
3325:Turtle-at-Home
3322:
3317:
3312:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3225:Johnson Harris
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3055:Dragging Canoe
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3005:Attakullakulla
3002:
2996:Early leaders
2993:
2991:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2868:Bussell Island
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2813:Ross's Landing
2810:
2805:
2800:
2798:Judaculla Rock
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2771:memorial sites
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2727:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:Spike Bucktown
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2428:Cherokee Strip
2420:
2412:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2370:
2365:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2223:Trail of Tears
2215:
2210:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2100:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2065:
2063:Raven of Chota
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:Horned Serpent
1972:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1737:
1724:
1713:
1712:External links
1710:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1667:
1662:Green, Rayna,
1660:
1654:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1602:
1598:the Oak Ridger
1579:
1572:
1552:
1545:
1525:
1518:
1499:
1493:978-0781240307
1492:
1472:
1444:
1414:
1401:978-1851097708
1400:
1380:
1359:
1334:
1319:
1312:
1289:
1277:
1270:
1247:
1209:
1195:
1172:
1166:Carl Waldman,
1159:
1150:
1144:978-0842027489
1143:
1120:
1107:978-0816062744
1106:
1086:
1080:978-0774818087
1079:
1059:
1053:978-0674627345
1052:
1032:
1011:
1004:
984:
956:
949:
929:
911:
887:
881:Starr, Emmet.
869:
866:on 2018-03-19.
847:
838:
826:
811:
794:
768:
767:
765:
762:
759:
758:
739:
726:
717:
708:
699:
689:
688:
686:
683:
682:
681:
668:
657:
647:
640:
634:
631:
624:
617:
611:
608:
584:
581:
570:Hiwassee River
544:
541:
484:
481:
456:
455:Captive rescue
453:
421:Dragging Canoe
413:Dragging Canoe
403:
400:
360:
357:
335:Attakullakulla
309:
306:
260:Attakullakulla
240:
237:
202:
201:
193:, you may see
181:
174:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:Attakullakulla
162:
158:
157:
149:Littlefellow (
143:Catherine (or
142:
140:
136:
135:
130:
128:
124:
123:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
92:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
33:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3582:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3457:
3456:
3449:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:Redbird Smith
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3410:Sam Sixkiller
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3220:Joel B. Mayes
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Lewis Downing
3193:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3185:Richard Sneed
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3170:Gerard Parker
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3125:Tahlonteeskee
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3100:William Hicks
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:Little Turkey
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2981:Cherokee Path
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
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2769:Landmarks and
2767:
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2751:
2750:
2749:Eastern Band
2748:
2744:
2743:Tahlonteeskee
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2728:
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2713:Running Water
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2323:Male Seminary
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2254:Organizations
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1705:The Cherokees
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514:Harold Felton
510:
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417:Holston River
414:
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385:Tellico River
382:
381:Fort Duquesne
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305:
303:
302:Joseph Martin
297:
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284:
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276:
271:
269:
265:
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257:
253:
252:Monroe County
249:
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236:
234:
230:
226:
225:Beloved Woman
222:
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210:
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196:
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117:Beloved Woman
115:
111:
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105:
103:Resting place
101:
96:
85:
81:
77:
71:
67:
64:
61:
59:Pronunciation
57:
53:
48:
42:
34:
27:
22:
21:Nancy L. Ward
3480:1820s deaths
3475:1730s births
3452:
3440:Shawna Baker
3375:Ned Christie
3309:
3300:John W. Hair
3260:Ross Swimmer
3255:W. W. Keeler
3010:Amouskositte
2956:Tuckaleechee
2926:Abrams Creek
2888:Untokiasdiyi
2863:Blythe Ferry
2414:
2405:
2397:
2389:
2305:
2205:
2070:Tribal Wars
1944:Booger dance
1807:Eastern Band
1743:
1722:Find a Grave
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1650:
1617:, retrieved
1611:
1605:
1597:
1582:
1562:
1555:
1535:
1528:
1508:
1502:
1482:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
1456:"Nancy Ward"
1435:. Retrieved
1431:the original
1426:
1417:
1405:. Retrieved
1390:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1346:
1337:
1329:
1302:
1280:
1260:
1250:
1238:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1229:
1225:
1200:. Retrieved
1185:
1167:
1162:
1153:
1133:
1111:. Retrieved
1096:
1089:
1069:
1062:
1042:
1035:
1026:
994:
987:
975:. Retrieved
971:
939:
932:
923:
914:
905:
899:"Nancy Ward"
882:
864:the original
859:
850:
841:
833:
829:
821:
785:. Retrieved
781:
772:
748:
742:
729:
720:
711:
702:
693:
671:
653:
643:
597:
574:
567:
563:
546:
530:
506:
486:
469:
461:William Bean
458:
441:Fort Watauga
405:
389:
377:
362:
354:
350:
333:
323:
321:
314:
311:
298:
288:In the 1755
287:
285:Fivekiller.
282:
278:
274:
272:
243:
242:
220:
207:
206:
205:
182:
150:
144:
133:Bryant Ward
88:(1823-00-00)
62:
40:
3400:Major Ridge
3380:John Martin
3360:Joseph Vann
3250:J. B. Milam
3175:Joyce Dugan
3145:John Rogers
3140:John Looney
3135:Sam Houston
3065:Incalatanga
2878:Mantle Rock
2803:Long Island
2540:Island town
2378:1842 revolt
2286:Youth Choir
1985:Nun'Yunu'Wi
1939:Stomp dance
1927:Black drink
1922:Ethnobotany
749:Chiconehla,
577:Ocoee River
509:Evan Shelby
340:John Sevier
283:Hiskyteehee
155:Betsy Ward
151:Hiskyteehee
113:Nationality
3469:Categories
3453:See also:
3355:David Vann
3350:James Vann
3345:Wauhatchie
3335:Goingsnake
3310:Nancy Ward
3130:John Jolly
3085:Pathkiller
3045:Old Tassel
3035:Oconostota
2703:Turtletown
2698:Turkeytown
2688:Tuckasegee
2623:Oostanaula
2570:Long Swamp
2565:Kulsetsiyi
2314:Education
2048:Ani-kutani
2005:Tsul 'Kalu
1970:Deer Woman
1718:Nancy Ward
1619:2024-01-31
1519:0914875191
807:Nancy Ward
764:References
754:James Vann
543:Later life
526:Cornwallis
522:Washington
425:Oconostota
221:Nancy Ward
30:Nancy Ward
3365:Bob Benge
3330:Junaluska
3165:Tsaladihi
3155:Yonaguska
3105:John Ross
3090:Big Tiger
3070:Tagwadihi
3060:Kunokeski
3040:Savanukah
2976:Tlanusiyi
2843:Fort Cass
2738:Tahlequah
2718:Titsohili
2683:Tsatanugi
2598:Nickajack
2585:Nantahala
2580:Nacoochee
2510:Dirt town
2490:Conasauga
2480:Chilhowee
2470:Brasstown
2451:Towns and
2433:in Kansas
2368:Blood Law
2000:U'tlun'ta
1878:syllabary
678:Wes Studi
429:The Raven
409:war chief
330:diplomacy
264:Wolf Clan
256:Tennessee
161:Relatives
127:Spouse(s)
3270:Joe Byrd
3210:Utselata
3200:Degataga
3120:Degadoga
3115:The Bowl
2893:Standing
2753:Cherokee
2708:Tuskegee
2668:Tomotley
2663:Tomassee
2628:Red Clay
2575:Mialoquo
2530:Hiwassee
2525:Frogtown
2515:Ducktown
2505:Crowtown
2453:villages
2038:Treaties
2031:military
2026:timeline
1990:Nûñnë'hï
1868:Language
1838:Calendar
1788:Cherokee
1730:Archived
1627:citation
1590:Archived
1465:28 March
1437:28 March
1407:28 March
1373:29 March
1352:29 March
1258:(1975).
1240:28 March
1202:28 March
1113:28 March
787:28 March
325:de facto
229:Cherokee
213:Cherokee
147:) Walker
139:Children
121:Cherokee
63:Nanye'hi
37:Nanyehi
3395:Sequoya
3015:Old Hop
2951:Chatata
2693:Tugaloo
2678:Toxoway
2658:Tellico
2648:Talulah
2633:Settico
2608:Nununyi
2603:Nikwasi
2545:Isunigu
2500:Coyotee
2475:Chatuga
2373:Slavery
2218:Removal
2021:History
2014:History
1958:Legends
1932:Kanuchi
1905:Marbles
1873:history
1828:Society
1821:Culture
977:11 July
656:(1905).
558:Georgia
396:Shawnee
270:tribe.
244:Nanyehi
217:English
208:Nanyehi
167:, uncle
119:of the
86:c. 1823
72:c. 1738
2990:People
2653:Tanasi
2643:Talisi
2618:Oconee
2593:Echota
2560:Kituwa
2555:Keowee
2520:Etowah
2419:(2005)
2411:(1871)
2402:(1832)
2394:(1831)
2043:Kituwa
1858:Ghigau
1853:Gadugi
1848:Chiefs
1795:Tribes
1570:
1543:
1516:
1490:
1398:
1310:
1268:
1193:
1141:
1104:
1077:
1050:
1002:
947:
610:Legacy
427:, and
392:Mohawk
315:Ghigau
275:Tsu-la
3315:Tsali
3080:Enola
2896:Stone
2673:Toqua
2613:Ocoee
2550:Joara
2495:Cowee
2485:Chota
2067:Wars
1843:Clans
902:(PDF)
685:Notes
583:Death
279:Ka-Ti
145:Ka-Ti
93:Near
76:Chota
2409:case
1633:link
1568:ISBN
1541:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1488:ISBN
1467:2015
1439:2015
1409:2015
1396:ISBN
1375:2015
1354:2015
1308:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1242:2015
1204:2015
1191:ISBN
1139:ISBN
1115:2015
1102:ISBN
1075:ISBN
1048:ISBN
1000:ISBN
979:2018
945:ISBN
789:2015
472:cows
394:and
239:Life
97:, US
83:Died
69:Born
41:ᎾᏅᏰᎯ
2590:New
1720:at
552:to
435:of
219:as
3471::
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1625:{{
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211:(
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43:)
39:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
