205:"Anitsiskwa" or "Anitsisqua" (Cherokee syllabary:ᎠᏂᏥᏍᏆ) is the "Bird Clan". Members of the Anitsiskwa, or Bird Clan, were historically known as messengers. The belief that birds are messengers between earth and heaven, or the People and Creator, gave the members of this clan the responsibility of caring for the birds. The subdivisions were Raven, Turtledove, and Eagle, probably in origin three separate clans later consolidated into one. Earned Eagle feathers were originally presented by the members of this clan, as they were the only ones able to collect them.
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221:"Aniwaya" or "Aniwahya" (Cherokee syllabary:ᎠᏂᏩᏯ) is the "Wolf Clan". The Aniwaya, or Wolf Clan, has been known throughout time to be the largest clan. During the time of the Peace Chief and War Chief government setting, the War Chief would come from this clan. Wolves are known as protectors. Historically, the Wolf Clan was the largest among the Cherokee. A few members of this clan are said to be extremely powerful; they are called alphas. Ex. Alpha Gălă-gi′na etc. th
19:
189:"Anisahoni" (Cherokee syllabary:ᎠᏂᏌᎰᏂ) is the "Blue Clan". The Anisahoni, or Blue Holly Clan, subdivisions were Panther/Wildcat and Bear, probably in origin two separate clans that were later consolidated with a third. Historically, this clan produced many people who were able to make special medicines for the children. The medicine was made from a blue plant which is where the clan gained its name.
293:, and The Ridge), its primary prescriptive feature was setting up a Light Horse Guard of several teams over the whole Nation to act as "regulating parties", and also provided for a system of patrilineal inheritance alongside the matrilineal inheritance system of the clans. Major Ridge served as the first commander of the Light Horse Guard. Proscriptively, it further restricted clan retaliation.
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responsible for balancing the death of one of its members at the hands of the member of another clan, whether deliberate, impulsive, or accidental. The one to pay the penalty did not have to be the person responsible; it could be any member of his or her clan. Indeed, if the intentional or unintentional killer escaped or found sanctuary in one of the towns so designated, such as
173:"Aniawi" (Cherokee syllabary:ᎠᏂᎠᏫ) is the "Deer Clan." The Aniawi, or Deer Clan, were historically known as fast runners and hunters. Even though they hunted game for subsistence, they respected and cared for the animals while they were living among them. They were also known as messengers on an earthly level, delivering messages from village to village, or person to person.
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Cherokee born outside of a clan or outsiders who were taken into the tribe in ancient times had to be adopted into a clan by a clan mother. If the person was a woman who had born a
Cherokee child and was married to a Cherokee man, she could be taken into a new clan. Her husband was required to leave
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and the resulting displacement of vast numbers of
Cherokee removed westward, both voluntarily and involuntarily, from their more easterly ancient homes. Also, European traders in the Southeast—mostly Scottish, but also English, Irish, German, even French—had married Cherokee women (as well as those
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The
Anigilahi or the Long Hair Clan, whose subdivisions were Twister, Wind, and Strangers (possibly separate clans in origin combined into one), were regarded as peacemakers. Peace Chiefs would often be from this clan. In the times of the Peace Chief and War Chief government, the Peace Chief would
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This simple division of the
Cherokees formed the grand work by which marriages were regulated, and murder punished. A Cherokee could marry into any of the clans except two, that to which his father belongs, for all of that clan are his fathers and aunts and that to which his mother belongs, for all
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actually took place a few years before the beginning of the 19th century, when in 1797 it ruled that clans no longer had to redress deaths that were judged to be accidental, and also abolished the practice of substituting one clan member for another to answer for the death of a person from another
237:"Aniwodi" (Cherokee syllabary:ᎠᏂᏬᏗ) is the "Paint Clan", also commonly called the "Red Paint Clan". The Aniwodi or the Paint Clan were historically known as a prominent medicine people. Medicine is often 'painted' on a patient after harvesting, mixing and performing other aspects of the ceremony.
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society; meaning children belong to the mother's clan, and hereditary leadership and property were passed through the maternal line. Traditionally, women were considered the head of household among the
Cherokee, with the home and children belonging to her should she separate from a husband, and
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Cherokee clans held the only coercive power within
Cherokee society. It was forbidden to marry within one's clan or to someone in the clan of one's father. Such marriage was considered incest and punishable by death at the hands of the offender's own clan and by no other. The clan was also
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maternal uncles were considered more important than fathers. Property was inherited and bequeathed through the clan and held in common by it. In addition, Cherokee society tended to be matrilocal, meaning that once married a couple moved in with or near the bride's family.
245:
Although traditionalists still observe clan customs regarding marriage and certain social event, the customs and mores of the
Cherokee regarding clans and the clan system have evolved considerably since ancient times, especially beginning with the 19th century.
91:, Cherokee clans took care of orphans, those left destitute by various circumstances and fostered hospitality for visiting clan members from other villages. This communal work provided an important function to the overall village and community as a whole.
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Much more wide-sweeping changes came with the first printed law in the
Cherokee Nation, passed by the National Council on September 11, 1808. A major reform designed and pushed forward by the young chiefs' "Cherokee Triumvirate" (James Vann,
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In the Act of
Oblivion on April 18, 1810, the National Council completely eradicated clan retaliation from Cherokee law, repudiated matrilineal inheritance, and referred to husbands/fathers in the Nation as the heads of household.
281:) in August 1807. The stated reason was Doublehead's involvement in making private deals to sell off Cherokee land. The killers were he and Alexander Sanders, the two of them having to stand in for
126:"Anigatogewi" or "Anigadogewi" (Cherokee syllabary:ᎠᏂᎦᏙᎨᏫ) cannot confidently be translated; however, this clan is known as the "Wild Potato Clan", or occasionally as the "Blind Savannah Clan.
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his clan and live with her in her new clan. Men who were not
Cherokee and married into a Cherokee household had to be adopted into a clan by a clan mother; he could not take his wife's clan.
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In 1825 the Cherokee Council passed a law admitting children of mixed marriages, in which the father was Cherokee and the mother was white, to the tribe as if their mother were Cherokee.
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come from this clan. Prisoners of war, orphans of other tribes, and others with no Cherokee tribe were often adopted into this clan, thus a common interpretation of the name 'Strangers.'
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The Anigatogewi's only subdivision was Blind Savannah, possibly a separate clan in origin. Historically, members of this clan were known to be 'keepers of the land,' and gatherers. The
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149:"Anigilohi" (Cherokee syllabary:ᎠᏂᎩᎶᎯ) is translated as "Long Hairs" or "Twisters." The name can be translated as "They have just become offended." or could be short for
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The Cherokee have seven clans and have had that number as long as there has been contact with Europeans. Some have multiple names, and according to
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Seven Cherokee chiefs who accompanied Sir Alexander Cumming, to England, representing every region in which the Cherokee then lived.
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In "The Cherokee Editor" on February 18, 1829, Elias Boudinot wrote the following regarding Cherokee Clan marriage customs:
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the seven are the result of consolidation of as many as what was previously fourteen separate clans in more ancient times.
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of other tribes) for several decades. Their children belonged to the mother and her clan and were considered Cherokee.
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548:; "The Cherokee Observer," Vol. 15, Nos. 11 & 12; Blackwell, Oklahoma; November–December 2007.
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of that clan are his brothers and sisters, a child invariably inheriting the clan of his mother.
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To Marry an Indian: The Marriage of Harriett Gold and Elias Boudinot in Letters, 1823-1839,
484:; Cherokee Nation Cultural Resource Center; The Cherokee Nation; retrieved January 18, 2009
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was a main staple of the traditional Cherokee life in the Southeast (Tsalagi Uweti).
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Kinship Systems in Relation to the Courtship and Marriage Ceremonies of the Cherokee
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The Ridge also helped bring about the second major revision to the Cherokee "
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Mooney, James. History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee, p. 212.
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337:. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press. p. 51.
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Cherokee Tragedy: The Ridge Family and the Decimation of a People
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Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2005, p. 16
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368:; pp. 212–213; Washington: Government Printing Office, 1900.
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The first change legislated by the National Council of the
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Historical evolution of the clan system in the 19th century
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United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present)
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pp. 12–13; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
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at the Hiwassee Garrison near the Cherokee Agency (now
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Cherokee Editor: The Writings of Elias Boudinot (1983)
273:", which was provoked largely by the assassination of
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clan if the person so culpable could not be obtained.
34::ᏣᎳᎩ ᏓᏂᎳᏍᏓᏢᎢ) are traditional social organizations of
568:
Legislating Women's Sexuality: Cherokee Marriage Laws
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History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee
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2066:Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907)
2026:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824-present)
140:Long Hair Clan pillar from the monument at Chota
620:Cherokee Editor: The Writings of Elias Boudinot
570:, "Journal of Social History" 38 (2004), p. 388
249:A large reason for this was the turmoil of the
523:; pp. 25–28; New York: Macmillan Company; 1970
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113:Wild Potato Clan pillar from the monument at
546:The First Printed Law in the Cherokee Nation
285:, who was too drunk to accomplish the task.
228:Paint Clan pillar from the monument at Chota
212:Wolf Clan pillar from the monument at Chota
196:Bird Clan pillar from the monument at Chota
180:Blue Clan pillar from the monument at Chota
164:Deer Clan pillar from the monument at Chota
42:Customs and functions of the Cherokee clans
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379:Cherokee Renascence in the New Republic
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407:. boulder.net/~gillman. Archived from
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153:, which means literally "Long Hair".
1668:First Cherokee Female Seminary Site
763:Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)
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1317:Sequoyah Constitutional Convention
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1986:Cherokee Nation West (1810-1839)
1951:Cherokee Nation East (1794-1839)
1141:Cherokee Preservation Foundation
614:, Graphic Arts Center Publishing
2121:Cherokee Nation (1975–present)
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431:"Tradition: Gadugi | Periscope"
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2330:Cherokee-language Knowledge
2150:Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith
1171:Cherokee Southwest Township
1156:Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
1088:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)
1005:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles
824:Flag of the Cherokee Nation
618:Perdue, Theda, ed. (1983).
579:Gaul, Theresa Strouth, Ed.
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1291:Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt
1266:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
1176:Oconaluftee Indian Village
1151:Original Keetoowah Society
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1703:Trail of Tears State Park
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1034:Treaty of Dewitt's Corner
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768:Cherokee Immersion School
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1836:Fort Smith Historic Site
1604:Western Cherokee Nation
1203:Cherokee Central Schools
988:Battle of Lindley's Fort
758:Cherokee (Unicode block)
519:McLoughlin, William L.
395:Gillman, Pamela (1995).
377:McLoughlin, William G.;
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2195:Tahlonteeskee (warrior)
2181:Other notable Cherokee
1115:Jacob Brown Grant Deeds
480:March 31, 2009, at the
334:A Cherokee Encyclopedia
331:Conley, Robert (2007).
87:In a practice known as
2115:William Charles Rogers
2035:William Holland Thomas
1811:The Great Trading Path
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1208:Cherokee High School
1071:Chickamauga Cherokee
1029:Treaty of Turkeytown
1019:Treaty of New Echota
995:Nickajack Expedition
973:Cherokee War of 1776
463:Mooney, pp. 507–548.
454:Mooney, pp. 212–213.
1713:Rattlesnake Springs
1298:Cherokee Commission
983:Battle of Hightower
870:Kâ'lanû Ahkyeli'skï
773:New Kituwah Academy
738:Green Corn Ceremony
598:Tahlequah, Oklahoma
50:was historically a
1905:Outacite of Keowee
1816:The Great War Path
1791:Oconaluftee valley
1776:Stick Ball Grounds
1698:Tellico Blockhouse
1103:Indian Removal Act
1049:Treaty of Hopewell
1044:Treaty of Lochaber
1000:American Civil War
956:Anglo-Cherokee War
840:Ani Hyuntikwalaski
557:Mooney, pp. 86–87.
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2110:Thomas Buffington
1875:Moytoy of Tellico
1796:Oconaluftee River
1728:Hair Conrad Cabin
1663:Chieftains Museum
1214:Sequoyah Schools
1076:Overhill Cherokee
1054:Treaty of Holston
1024:Treaty of Tellico
1014:Cherokee treaties
785:Spiritual beliefs
435:www.knowitall.org
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2090:Dennis Bushyhead
1970:Charles R. Hicks
1895:Moytoy of Citico
1786:Tuckasegee River
1708:Brainerd Mission
1693:Sequoyah's Cabin
1600:Cherokee Nations
1238:Principal Chiefs
1231:Politics and law
1182:Unto These Hills
1146:Warriors Society
1108:Cherokee descent
1082:Cherokee Phoenix
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949:Battle of Taliwa
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1806:Sycamore Shoals
1781:Cullasaja River
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1513:Spike Bucktown
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1303:Cherokee Strip
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1098:Trail of Tears
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938:Raven of Chota
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850:Horned Serpent
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28:Cherokee clans
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2295:Redbird Smith
2293:
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2288:
2286:
2285:Sam Sixkiller
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2128:
2126:
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2122:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:Joel B. Mayes
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Lewis Downing
2068:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:Richard Sneed
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Gerard Parker
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Tahlonteeskee
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1975:William Hicks
1973:
1971:
1968:
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1958:
1956:
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1946:
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1936:
1933:
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1925:Little Turkey
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1918:
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1856:Cherokee Path
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1624:Eastern Band
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1618:Tahlonteeskee
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1588:Running Water
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1198:Male Seminary
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1129:Organizations
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622:. Knoxville:
621:
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612:1-55868-603-7
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344:9780826339515
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151:Gitlugunahita
138:
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56:
53:
49:
39:
37:
33:
29:
20:
16:
2327:
2315:Shawna Baker
2250:Ned Christie
2175:John W. Hair
2135:Ross Swimmer
2130:W. W. Keeler
1885:Amouskositte
1831:Tuckaleechee
1801:Abrams Creek
1763:Untokiasdiyi
1738:Blythe Ferry
1289:
1280:
1272:
1264:
1180:
1080:
945:Tribal Wars
819:Booger dance
717:
682:Eastern Band
619:
603:
580:
575:
567:
562:
553:
545:
541:
533:
532:McLoughlin,
528:
520:
515:
510:pp. 161–162.
503:
502:McLoughlin,
498:
489:
473:
468:
459:
450:
440:September 8,
438:. Retrieved
434:
425:
413:. Retrieved
409:the original
404:
398:
390:
378:
373:
365:
360:
348:. Retrieved
333:
299:
295:
287:
268:
256:
248:
244:
236:
220:
204:
188:
172:
155:
150:
148:
128:
125:
104:James Mooney
101:ethnographer
98:
86:
81:
77:
73:
57:
45:
27:
25:
15:
2275:Major Ridge
2255:John Martin
2235:Joseph Vann
2125:J. B. Milam
2050:Joyce Dugan
2020:John Rogers
2015:John Looney
2010:Sam Houston
1940:Incalatanga
1753:Mantle Rock
1678:Long Island
1415:Island town
1253:1842 revolt
1161:Youth Choir
860:Nun'Yunu'Wi
814:Stomp dance
802:Black drink
797:Ethnobotany
131:wild potato
122:Anigatogewi
52:matrilineal
2328:See also:
2230:David Vann
2225:James Vann
2220:Wauhatchie
2210:Goingsnake
2185:Nancy Ward
2005:John Jolly
1960:Pathkiller
1920:Old Tassel
1910:Oconostota
1578:Turtletown
1573:Turkeytown
1563:Tuckasegee
1498:Oostanaula
1445:Long Swamp
1440:Kulsetsiyi
1189:Education
923:Ani-kutani
880:Tsul 'Kalu
845:Deer Woman
590:References
283:James Vann
275:Doublehead
201:Anitsiskwa
2240:Bob Benge
2205:Junaluska
2040:Tsaladihi
2030:Yonaguska
1980:John Ross
1965:Big Tiger
1945:Tagwadihi
1935:Kunokeski
1915:Savanukah
1851:Tlanusiyi
1718:Fort Cass
1613:Tahlequah
1593:Titsohili
1558:Tsatanugi
1473:Nickajack
1460:Nantahala
1455:Nacoochee
1385:Dirt town
1365:Conasauga
1355:Chilhowee
1345:Brasstown
1326:Towns and
1308:in Kansas
1243:Blood Law
875:U'tlun'ta
753:syllabary
474:Anigilohi
415:August 2,
350:August 2,
271:Blood Law
264:The Ridge
185:Anisahoni
145:Anigilohi
38:society.
2344:Category
2145:Joe Byrd
2085:Utselata
2075:Degataga
1995:Degadoga
1990:The Bowl
1768:Standing
1628:Cherokee
1583:Tuskegee
1543:Tomotley
1538:Tomassee
1503:Red Clay
1450:Mialoquo
1405:Hiwassee
1400:Frogtown
1390:Ducktown
1380:Crowtown
1328:villages
913:Treaties
906:military
901:timeline
865:Nûñnë'hï
743:Language
713:Calendar
663:Cherokee
604:Cherokee
536:; p. 38.
478:Archived
36:Cherokee
2270:Sequoya
1890:Old Hop
1826:Chatata
1568:Tugaloo
1553:Toxoway
1533:Tellico
1523:Talulah
1508:Settico
1483:Nununyi
1478:Nikwasi
1420:Isunigu
1375:Coyotee
1350:Chatuga
1248:Slavery
1093:Removal
896:History
889:History
833:Legends
807:Kanuchi
780:Marbles
748:history
703:Society
696:Culture
233:Aniwodi
217:Aniwaya
69:Tugaloo
1865:People
1528:Tanasi
1518:Talisi
1493:Oconee
1468:Echota
1435:Kituwa
1430:Keowee
1395:Etowah
1294:(2005)
1286:(1871)
1277:(1832)
1269:(1831)
918:Kituwa
733:Ghigau
728:Gadugi
723:Chiefs
670:Tribes
610:
341:
169:Aniawi
89:Gadugi
65:Kituwa
2190:Tsali
1955:Enola
1771:Stone
1548:Toqua
1488:Ocoee
1425:Joara
1370:Cowee
1360:Chota
942:Wars
718:Clans
304:Notes
115:Chota
67:, or
61:Chota
1284:case
608:ISBN
442:2020
417:2011
352:2011
339:ISBN
46:The
26:The
1465:New
508:sic
383:sic
2346::
606:,
506:,
433:.
403:.
311:^
63:,
655:e
648:t
641:v
626:.
600:.
444:.
419:.
401:"
397:"
381:;
354:.
117:.
30:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
