Mobile phone - Knowledge

585: 1844:. Anyone can report their phone as lost or stolen with their Telecom Carrier, and the IMEI would be blacklisted with a central registry. Telecom carriers, depending upon local regulation can or must implement blocking of blacklisted phones in their network. There are, however, a number of ways to circumvent a blacklist. One method is to send the phone to a country where the telecom carriers are not required to implement the blacklisting and sell it there, another involves altering the phone's IMEI number. Even so, mobile phones typically have less value on the second-hand market if the phones original IMEI is blacklisted. 932:." Smartphones with screens over 115 millimetres (4.5 in) in size are commonly difficult to use with only a single hand, since most thumbs cannot reach the entire screen surface; they may need to be shifted around in the hand, held in one hand and manipulated by the other, or used in place with both hands. Due to design advances, some modern smartphones with large screen sizes and "edge-to-edge" designs have compact builds that improve their ergonomics, while the shift to taller aspect ratios have resulted in phones that have larger screen sizes whilst maintaining the ergonomics associated with smaller 16:9 displays. 1194: 730:

subscribers, and collection of billing information for the service. The automation systems can control the "hand off" of a customer handset moving between one cell and another so that a call in progress continues without interruption, changing channels if required. In the earliest mobile phone systems by contrast, all control was done manually; the customer would search for an unoccupied channel and speak to a mobile operator to request connection of a call to a landline number or another mobile. At the termination of the call the mobile operator would manually record the billing information.

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in countries which ban both handheld and hands-free usage, rather than those which ban handheld use only, as officials cannot easily tell which function of the mobile phone is being used simply by looking at the driver. This can lead to drivers being stopped for using their device illegally for a phone call when, in fact, they were using the device legally, for example, when using the phone's incorporated controls for car stereo,

2062:(FAA) does not actually prohibit the use of personal electronic devices (including cell phones) on aircraft. Paragraph (b)(5) of 14 CFR 91.21 permits airlines to determine if devices can be used in flight, allowing use of "any other portable electronic device that the operator of the aircraft has determined will not cause interference with the navigation or communication system of the aircraft on which it is to be used." 8788: 7718: 7466: 6470: 2292: 1105: 8819: 734:

towers are usually interconnected to each other and the phone network and the internet by wired connections. Due to bandwidth limitations each cell will have a maximum number of cell phones it can handle at once. The cells are therefore sized depending on the expected usage density, and may be much smaller in cities. In that case much lower transmitter powers are used to avoid broadcasting beyond the cell.

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channel for a telephone connection, that frequency is unavailable for other customers in the local cell and in the adjacent cells. However, cells further away can re-use that channel without interference as the subscriber's handset is too far away to be detected. The transmitter power of each base station is coordinated to efficiently service its own cell, but not to interfere with the cells further away.

324: 394:("Conférence Européenne des Postes et Telecommunications", European Postal and Telecommunications conference). The Franco-German R&D cooperation demonstrated the technical feasibility, and in 1987, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between 13 European countries that agreed to launch a commercial service by 1991. The first version of the GSM standard had 6,000 pages. The 1465:, which has over 902 million mobile phone subscribers as of June 2018. Over 50 mobile operators have over ten million subscribers each, and over 150 mobile operators had at least one million subscribers by the end of 2009. In 2014, there were more than seven billion mobile phone subscribers worldwide, a number that is expected to keep growing. 2186:, the amount of time using a device with a screen, has become an issue for mobile phones since the adaptation of smartphones. Research is being conducted to show the correlation between screen time and the mental and physical harm in child development. To prevent harm, some parents and even governments have placed restrictions on its usage. 1968:, announced the results of a study which showed 19% of drivers surveyed accessed the Internet on a smartphone while driving. Many jurisdictions prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. In Egypt, Israel, Japan, Portugal, and Singapore, both handheld and hands-free use of a mobile phone (which uses a 2192:

While there are rumors of mobile phones causing cancer, there was a study conducted by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) that stated the there could be an increase risk of brain tumors with the use of smartphones, this is not confirmed. They also stated that with the lack of data for

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Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, such as keeping in touch with family members, for conducting business, and in order to have access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one mobile phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use.

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once held large sway over the global mobile phone market, and many new technologies were pioneered in Europe. By 2010, the influence of European companies had significantly decreased due to fierce competition from American and Asian companies, to where most technical innovation had shifted. Apple and

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was established, and all CEPT standardization activities were transferred to ETSI. Working Group GSM became Technical Committee GSM. In 1991, it became Technical Committee SMG (Special Mobile Group) when ETSI tasked the committee with UMTS (3G). In addition to transmitting voice over digital signals,

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In 2010, an estimated 1500 pedestrians were injured in the US while using a cellphone and some jurisdictions have attempted to ban pedestrians from using their cellphones. Other countries, such as China and the Netherlands, have introduced special lanes for smartphone users to help direct and manage

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prohibits all mobile phone use while driving, including use of hands-free devices. New Zealand has banned hand-held cell phone use since 1 November 2009. Many states in the United States have banned texting on cell phones while driving. Illinois became the 17th American state to enforce this law. As

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In some parts of the world, mobile phone sharing is common. Cell phone sharing is prevalent in urban India, as families and groups of friends often share one or more mobile phones among their members. There are obvious economic benefits, but often familial customs and traditional gender roles play a

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with a range of up to tens of kilometers' (miles), using only a few sets of radio channels (frequencies). Once these few channels were in use by customers, no further customers could be served until another user vacated a channel. It would be impractical to give every customer a unique channel since

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Due to the increasing complexity of mobile phones, they are often more like mobile computers in their available uses. This has introduced additional difficulties for law enforcement officials when attempting to distinguish one usage from another in drivers using their devices. This is more apparent

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The average phone battery lasts two–three years at best. Many of the wireless devices use a Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery, which charges 500–2500 times, depending on how users take care of the battery and the charging techniques used. It is only natural for these rechargeable batteries to chemically

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maintains a list of distracted driving laws in the United States. This database of laws provides a comprehensive view of the provisions of laws that restrict the use of mobile communication devices while driving for all 50 states and the District of Columbia between 1992 when first law was passed,

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Mobile phones communicate with cell towers that are placed to give coverage across a telephone service area, which is divided up into 'cells'. Each cell uses a different set of frequencies from neighboring cells, and will typically be covered by three towers placed at different locations. The cell

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for their contributions to the first digital mobile telephone standard. In 2018, the GSM was used by over 5 billion people in over 220 countries. The GSM (2G) has evolved into 3G, 4G and 5G. The standardization body for GSM started at the CEPT Working Group GSM (Group Special Mobile) in 1982 under

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Mobile phones are considered an important human invention as they have been one of the most widely used and sold pieces of consumer technology. The growth in popularity has been rapid in some places, for example, in the UK, the total number of mobile phones overtook the number of houses in 1999.

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Many passengers are pressing airlines and their governments to allow and deregulate mobile phone use, while some airlines, under the pressure of competition, are also pushing for deregulation or seeking new technology which could solve the present problems. Official aviation agencies and safety

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mobile phone system gets its name from dividing the service area into many small cells, each with a base station with (for example) a useful range on the order of a kilometer (mile). These systems have dozens or hundreds of possible channels allocated to them. When a subscriber is using a given

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and its effects on behaviour and safety. In 2013, a national survey in the US reported the number of drivers who reported using their cellphones to access the Internet while driving had risen to nearly one of four. A study conducted by the University of Vienna examined approaches for reducing

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In order to handle the high traffic, multiple towers can be set up in the same area (using different frequencies). This can be done permanently or temporarily such as at special events or in disasters. Cell phone companies will bring a truck with equipment to host the abnormally high traffic.

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Automation embedded in the customer's handset and in the base stations control all phases of the call, from detecting the presence of a handset in a service area, temporary assignment of a channel to a handset making a call, interface with the land-line side of the network to connect to other

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Smartphones also have the use for individuals who suffer from diabetes. There are apps for patients with diabetes to self monitor their blood sugar, and can sync with flash monitors. The apps have a feature to send automated feedback or possible warnings to other family members or healthcare

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had NOR flash memory, from which processor instructions could be executed directly in an execute in place architecture and allowed for short boot times. With smartphones, NAND flash memory was adopted as it has larger storage capacities and lower costs, but causes longer boot times because

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rabbinate in Britain that texting by youths could waste time and lead to "immodest" communication, the rabbinate recommended that phones with text-messaging capability not be used by children; to address this, they gave their official approval to a brand of "Kosher" phones with no texting

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Almost 40 percent of the world's population, 2.7 billion people, are online. The developing world is home to about 826 million female internet users and 980 million male internet users. The developed world is home to about 475 million female Internet users and 483 million male Internet

1909:; under Orthodox Judaism, the use of any electrical device is generally prohibited during this time, other than to save lives, or reduce the risk of death or similar needs. Such phones are approved for use by essential workers, such as health, security, and public service workers. 1547:

and other African countries, people used to travel from village to village to let friends and relatives know about weddings, births, and other events. This can now be avoided in areas with mobile phone coverage, which are usually more extensive than areas with just land-line

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used to identify and authenticate the user of the mobile phone. The SIM card allows users to change phones by simply removing the SIM card from one mobile phone and inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device, provided that this is not prevented by a

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to hold cash balances which are recorded on their SIM cards. Cash can be deposited or withdrawn from M-PESA accounts at Safaricom retail outlets located throughout the country and can be transferred electronically from person to person and used to pay bills to companies.

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boards are resisting any relaxation of the present safety rules unless and until it can be conclusively shown that it would be safe to do so. There are both technical and social factors which make the issues more complex than a simple discussion of safety versus hazard.

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was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone. From 1983 to 2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew to over seven billion; enough to provide one for every person on Earth. In the first quarter of 2016, the top smartphone developers worldwide were

2017:, from 27 February 2007, motorists who are caught using a hand-held mobile phone while driving will have three penalty points added to their license in addition to the fine of £60. This increase was introduced to try to stem the increase in drivers ignoring the law. 890:

also greatly affects overall performance. Because of these problems, the performance of mobile phone CPUs is often more appropriately given by scores derived from various standardized tests to measure the real effective performance in commonly used applications.

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feature and talk to a person on the phone without holding it to their ear. The small speakers can also be used to listen to digital audio files of music or speech or watch videos with an audio component, without holding the phone close to the ear.

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to extract minerals essential for the electronics industry. The profits from the minerals finance the bloodiest conflict since the second world war; the war has lasted nearly 20 years and has recently flared up again. For the last 15 years, the

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Restrictions on the use of mobile phones are applied in a number of different contexts, often with the goal of health, safety, security or proper functioning of an establishment, or as a matter of etiquette. Such contexts include:

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found that one in ten mobile phone subscribers have a second phone that is often kept secret from other family members. These phones may be used to engage in such activities as extramarital affairs or clandestine business

660:. A feature phone has additional functions over and above a basic mobile phone, which is only capable of voice calling and text messaging. Feature phones and basic mobile phones tend to use a proprietary, custom-designed 4458: 1727:

Mobile phones are commonly used to collect location data. While the phone is turned on, the geographical location of a mobile phone can be determined easily (whether it is being used or not) using a technique known as

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Multiple SIM cards may be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans. For example, a particular plan might provide for cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming.

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A 2011 study reported that over 90% of college students surveyed text (initiate, reply or read) while driving. The scientific literature on the dangers of driving while sending a text message from a mobile phone, or

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China has proposed using this technology to track the commuting patterns of Beijing city residents. In the UK and US, law enforcement and intelligence services use mobile phones to perform surveillance operations.

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age, which is why the performance of the battery when used for a year or two will begin to deteriorate. Battery life can be extended by draining it regularly, not overcharging it, and keeping it away from heat.

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reported that mobile phones have spread faster than any other form of technology and can improve the livelihood of the poorest people in developing countries, by providing access to information in places where

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are moving towards allowing mobile phone use in flight. Many airlines still do not allow the use of mobile phones on aircraft. Those that do often ban the use of mobile phones during take-off and landing.

2649: 4536: 1205:(SMS) text messaging. The first SMS message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993. The first 982:, have appeared and are often available on newer smartphones. Sound quality can remain a problem due to the design of the phone, the quality of the cellular network and compression algorithms used in 517:

in 2009. In the 2010s, 4G technology has found diverse applications across various sectors, showcasing its versatility in delivering high-speed wireless communication, such as mobile broadband, the

540:) cellular networks commenced worldwide in 2019. The term "5G" was originally used in research papers and projects to denote the next major phase in mobile telecommunication standards beyond the 5537: 1588:

in Finland. Soon afterwards, other media content appeared, such as news, video games, jokes, horoscopes, TV content and advertising. Most early content for mobile phones tended to be copies of

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Karipidis, Ken; Baaken, Dan; Loney, Tom; Blettner, Maria; Brzozek, Chris; Elwood, Mark; Narh, Clement; Orsini, Nicola; Röösli, Martin; Paulo, Marilia Silva; Lagorio, Susanna (30 August 2024).

1805:, one out of three robberies involve the theft of a cellular phone. Police data in San Francisco show that half of all robberies in 2012 were thefts of cellular phones. An online petition on 5055:"The effect of exposure to radiofrequency fields on cancer risk in the general and working population: A systematic review of human observational studies – Part I: Most researched outcomes" 614:(which includes tablets, etc.). In the developed world, smartphones have now overtaken the usage of earlier mobile systems. However, in the developing world, they account for around 50% of 4296: 296:

radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in

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Mobile phones are considered an important human invention as it has been one of the most widely used and sold pieces of consumer technology. They have also become culturally symbolic. In

391: 1045:, in order to function. The SIM card is approximately the size of a small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the unit. The SIM securely stores the 1563:

part. It is common for a village to have access to only one mobile phone, perhaps owned by a teacher or missionary, which is available to all members of the village for necessary calls.

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are two examples of devices that were popular for being fashionable while not necessarily focusing on the original purpose of mobile phones, i.e. a device to provide mobile telephony.

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were enabled to work with SMS payments. Eventually, the idea spread and in 1999, the Philippines launched the country's first commercial mobile payments systems with mobile operators

1255:. Following the success of the App Store, other smartphone manufacturers launched application stores, such as Google's Android Market (later renamed to the Google Play Store), RIM's 6454: 4468: 4355: 4769: 4609: 1952:

Mobile phone use while driving, including talking on the phone, texting, or operating other phone features, is common but controversial. It is widely considered dangerous due to

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standard. This sparked competition in the sector as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators. The GSM standard is a European initiative expressed at the

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In Europe, regulations and technology have allowed the limited introduction of the use of passenger mobile phones on some commercial flights, and elsewhere in the world many

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Studies have shown that around 40–50% of the environmental impact of mobile phones occurs during the manufacture of their printed wiring boards and integrated circuits.

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allocated to the mobile service. As well, technical limitations such as antenna efficiency and receiver design limit the range of frequencies a customer unit could use.

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networks to be accessed. From 2010 onwards, such phones became popular in emerging markets, and this was attributed to the desire to obtain the lowest calling costs.

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are forbidden from possessing mobile phones due to their ability to communicate with the outside world and other security issues. Mobile phones are one of the most

4723: 3073: 1540:. Use of mobile phones also spawns a wealth of micro-enterprises, by providing such work as selling airtime on the streets and repairing or refurbishing handsets. 928:; feature phones generally have screen sizes below 90 millimetres (3.5 in). Phones with screens larger than 130 millimetres (5.2 in) are often called " 560:(Gbit/s) range, aiming for a network latency of 1 ms. This near-real-time responsiveness and improved overall data performance are crucial for applications like 1175:

A mobile app is a computer program designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone. The term "app" is a shortening of the term "software application".

3125: 2842: 3786: 6594: 1709:(NFC). Enabling contactless payments through NFC-equipped mobile phones requires the co-operation of manufacturers, network operators, and retail merchants. 4658: 4534: 3895: 2999: 909:. Depending on the device's type and design, the screen fills most or nearly all of the space on a device's front surface. Many smartphone displays have an 8063: 6530: 3813: 2211:

found that banning mobile phones in schools could increase pupils' academic performance, providing benefits equal to one extra week of schooling per year.

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The movements of a mobile phone user can be tracked by their service provider and, if desired, by law enforcement agencies and their governments. Both the

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service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000, and subsequently many organizations provided "on-demand" and "instant" news services by SMS.

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Capacity was further increased when phone companies implemented digital networks. With digital, one frequency can host multiple simultaneous calls.

5581: 1592:, such as banner advertisements or TV news highlight video clips. Recently, unique content for mobile phones has been emerging, from ringtones and 7093: 5236: 4261:

Atchley, Paul; Atwood, Stephanie; Boulton, Aaron (January 2011). "The Choice to Text and Drive in Younger Drivers: Behaviour May Shape Attitude".

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Accidents involving a driver being distracted by talking on a mobile phone have begun to be prosecuted as negligence similar to speeding. In the

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of Motorola, shown here in a 2007 reenactment, made the first publicized handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973.

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including, for example, activities regulated (e.g., texting versus talking, hands-free versus handheld), targeted populations, and exemptions.

1961: 1957: 363:(NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Several other countries then followed in the early to mid-1980s. These first-generation ( 501:

By 2009, it had become clear that, at some point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications, such as

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Some organizations assist victims of domestic violence by providing mobile phones for use in emergencies. These are often refurbished phones.

5035: 2579: 8771: 8743: 8738: 7763: 7332: 6892: 4787: 3949: 1973: 247:; smartphone sales represented 78 percent of total mobile phone sales. For feature phones as of 2016, the top-selling brands were Samsung, 6619: 4386: 2938: 2864: 556:(5G New Radio) standard. 5G can be implemented in low-band, mid-band or high-band millimeter-wave, with download speeds that can achieve 4553: 3151:

Ward, J. R.; Phillips, M. J. (1 April 1987). "Digitizer Technology: Performance Characteristics and the Effects on the User Interface".

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for third-party applications (software and computer programs) focused on a single platform. There are a huge variety of apps, including

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Cellular networks work by only reusing radio frequencies (in this example frequencies f1–f4) in non adjacent cells to avoid interference

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filed a patent for a "pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone". Early predecessors of cellular phones included

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and offer basic telephony. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native software applications are known as

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Today, mobile phones are globally ubiquitous, and in almost half the world's countries, over 90% of the population owns at least one.

7270: 7244: 6125: 3989: 3305: 1902:, some vendors report good sales to adults who prefer the simplicity of the devices; other Orthodox Jews question the need for them. 1435:

surpassed Nokia, selling 93.5 million units as against Nokia's 82.7 million units. Samsung has retained its top position since then.

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infrastructure is often used by smartphones as much as possible as it offloads traffic from cell networks on to local area networks.

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Hackers have been able to track a phone's location, read messages, and record calls, through obtaining a subscribers phone number.

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Donner, Jonathan, and Steenson, Molly Wright. "Beyond the Personal and Private: Modes of Mobile Phone Sharing in Urban India." In

5624: 2890: 509:) technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to tenfold over existing 3G technologies. The first publicly available 4969: 1829:

of the major smartphone manufacturers and telecommunication carriers. On 10 June 2013, Apple announced that it would install a "

8765: 7400: 1956:. Being distracted while operating a motor vehicle has been shown to increase the risk of accidents. In September 2010, the US 1301: 4512: 4354:

Burger, Christoph; Riemer, Valentin; Grafeneder, Jürgen; Woisetschläger, Bianca; Vidovic, Dragana; Hergovich, Andreas (2010).

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the research and the usage periods of 15 years will warrant further research for smartphones and the cause of brain tumors.

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A sign in the US restricting cell phone use to certain times of day (no cell phone use between 7:30–9:00 am and 2:00–4:15 pm)

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of July 2010, 30 states had banned texting while driving, with Kentucky becoming the most recent addition on 15 July.

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As of 2022, the top five manufacturers worldwide were Samsung (21%), Apple (16%), Xiaomi (13%), Oppo (10%), and Vivo (9%).

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allocated to mobile services, and lets thousands of subscribers converse at the same time within a given geographic area.

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architecture, and therefore mobile telephones are called cellphones (or "cell phones") in North America. In addition to

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Hahn, Hans; Kibora, Ludovic (2008). "The Domestication of the Mobile Phone: Oral Society and New ICT in Burkina Faso".

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in their devices to make them unusable if stolen. The petition is part of a joint effort by New York Attorney General

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allowing many simultaneous telephone conversations in a given service area. This allows efficient use of the limited

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The TV industry has recently started using mobile phones to drive live TV viewing through mobile apps, advertising,

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had an advanced robotic disassembler and sorter called Liam specifically for recycling outdated or broken iPhones.

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Rujanavech, Charissa; Lessard, Joe; Chandler, Sarah; Shannon, Sean; Dahmus, Jeffrey; Guzzo, Rob (September 2016).

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When the removal of a SIM card is detected by the operating system, it may deny further operation until a reboot.

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which echoes the user's typing, and displays text messages, contacts, and more. The display is typically either a

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The introduction of Apple's App Store for the iPhone and iPod Touch in July 2008 popularized manufacturer-hosted

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for example, mobile phones are often decorated with charms. They have also become fashion symbols at times. The

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The average user replaces their mobile phone every 11 to 18 months, and the discarded phones then contribute to

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in 1973, using a handset weighing 2 kilograms (4.4 lb). The first commercial automated cellular network (

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A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering. In 1917,

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instructions cannot be executed from it directly, and must be copied to RAM memory first before execution.

824: 425: 124: 7358: 1235:, music products and business tools. Up until that point, smartphone application distribution depended on 8802: 8309: 7749: 7622: 6805: 5990: 5902: 5617: 5510: 5466: 4866: 4490: 4356:"Reaching the Mobile Respondent: Determinants of High-Level Mobile Phone Use Among a High-Coverage Group" 2406: 2381: 2366: 2202: 447: 3427:

W3C Interview: Vision Mobile on the App Developer Economy with Matos Kapetanakis and Dimitris Michalakos

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items into prisons. They provide inmates the ability to make and receive unauthorized phone calls, send

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services, which may include the ability to transfer cash payments by secure SMS text message. Kenya's

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displays. Some displays are integrated with pressure-sensitive digitizers, such as those developed by

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to calculate the differences in time for a signal to travel from the mobile phone to each of several

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In sound, smartphones and feature phones vary little. Some audio-quality enhancing features, such as

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The critical advantage that modern cellular networks have over predecessor systems is the concept of

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link while the user is moving within a telephone service area, as opposed to a fixed-location phone (

4814: 8792: 8034: 7969: 7922: 7882: 7722: 7597: 7470: 7300: 7062: 7056: 7050: 6999: 6967: 6569: 6474: 5853: 5794: 4584: 4431: 3356: 3235: 2356: 2297: 1706: 1134: 794: 467: 340: 309: 277: 268: 215: 168: 5308: 2812: 584: 8888: 8631: 8616: 8460: 8411: 8334: 8234: 7912: 7798: 7793: 7592: 7505: 7420: 7028: 6669: 6439: 6434: 5858: 5133: 4995: 2960: 2554: 2113: 1113: 876: 767: 669: 510: 360: 136: 3691:, edited by Scott Campbell and Rich Ling, 231–250. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008. 3449: 8843: 8553: 8339: 8154: 8099: 8094: 7907: 7872: 7445: 6557: 6406: 6135: 6120: 6085: 5761: 5610: 4300: 4244:"Quit Googling yourself and drive: About 20% of drivers using Web behind the wheel, study says" 3637: 2350: 2010:

inappropriate and problematic use of mobile phones, such as using mobile phones while driving.

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Cellphone: The Story of the World's Most Mobile Medium, and How It Has Transformed Everything!

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Mobile payments were first trialled in Finland in 1998 when two Coca-Cola vending machines in

8455: 8259: 8224: 8144: 8124: 8046: 7934: 7855: 7383: 7310: 6736: 6449: 6353: 6267: 5914: 5892: 5673: 3074:"Don't call it a phablet: the 5.5" Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge is narrower than many 5.2" devices" 2428: 1982: 1931: 1722: 1456: 1050: 786: 757: 715: 522: 336: 96: 7788: 4141: 3401: 2520: 1153:

Feature phones have basic software platforms. Smartphones have advanced software platforms.

8369: 8329: 8299: 8056: 7991: 7813: 7388: 7373: 7363: 6589: 6584: 6371: 5836: 5737: 5663: 3375: 2438: 2411: 2325: 2178: 2030: 2029:

through 1 December 2010. The dataset contains information on 22 dichotomous, continuous or

1965: 1687: 1577: 1256: 910: 882:

Mobile CPU performance depends not only on the clock rate (generally given in multiples of

879:(CPUs), similar to those in computers, but optimised to operate in low power environments. 494:, video calls, and sending large e-mail messages, as well as watching videos, typically in 156: 4724:"The Absurdity of Honolulu's New Law Banning Pedestrians From Looking at Their Cellphones" 4580: 4417: 4403: 4225: 1936: 331:

8000X. In 1983, it became the first commercially available handheld cellular mobile phone.

8: 8379: 8319: 8078: 8040: 7838: 7823: 7694: 7617: 7378: 7368: 6260: 6180: 6028: 5690: 5300: 4895: 4463: 3334: 3306:"Should You Leave Your Smartphone Plugged Into The Charger Overnight? We Asked An Expert" 3047: 1905:

In Israel, similar phones to kosher phones with restricted features exist to observe the

1877:

has been a major source of natural resources for the mobile phone industry." The company

1698: 1631: 1491:

The mobile phone has been used in a variety of diverse contexts in society. For example:

1479: 1330: 790: 573: 300:

have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the early zeroth-generation (

236: 188: 789:, providing the power source for the phone functions. A modern handset typically uses a 8883: 8868: 8606: 8563: 8494: 8364: 8294: 8269: 8204: 8051: 7772: 7498: 6306: 6163: 5407: 5369: 5108: 5091: 5039: 4946: 4921: 4689: 4378: 3718: 3176: 2761: 2705: 1987: 1953: 1652: 1627: 1521: 1276: 1038: 983: 809: 779: 557: 518: 368: 207:); mobile phones that offer greatly advanced computing capabilities are referred to as 4120:"How stolen phone blacklists will tamp down on crime, and what to do in the mean time" 3950:"Your phone number is all a hacker needs to read texts, listen to calls and track you" 3534: 8646: 8568: 8482: 8465: 8428: 8274: 8104: 8073: 7939: 7833: 7732: 7699: 7571: 7481: 6486: 6444: 6279: 6235: 6058: 6051: 5909: 5668: 5526: 5457: 5443: 5429: 5373: 5338: 5289: 5185: 5113: 5072: 5017: 4951: 4681: 4278: 3722: 3516: 3407: 3168: 3027: 2741: 2709: 2697: 2530: 2371: 2283: 2025: 1882: 1853: 1818: 1496: 1280: 1072:

A hybrid mobile phone can hold up to four SIM cards, with a phone having a different

565: 530: 344: 273: 184: 56: 38: 8314: 4382: 3842: 3180: 2305: 636:

to describe mobile phones which are limited in capabilities in contrast to a modern

8651: 8611: 8591: 8558: 8487: 8445: 8359: 8214: 8199: 8174: 8149: 8109: 7959: 7818: 7803: 7395: 7295: 7290: 7167: 6609: 6539: 6381: 6326: 6192: 6158: 6068: 6003: 5875: 5804: 5658: 5641: 5518: 5512:

on the mobile – the effects of mobile telephones on social and individual life

5361: 5103: 5062: 5007: 4941: 4933: 4879: 4728: 4693: 4673: 4370: 4270: 3710: 3160: 2765: 2753: 2687: 2624:"Gartner Says Worldwide Smartphone Sales Grew 3.9 Percent in First Quarter of 2016" 2376: 2345: 2234: 2189:

There have been rumors that mobile phone use can cause cancer, but this is a myth.

1859: 1776: 1758: 1644:

mobile banking service, for example, allows customers of the mobile phone operator

1517: 1507: 1369: 887: 843: 722: 681: 615: 443: 372: 328: 317: 297: 231: 104: 95:). The radio frequency link establishes a connection to the switching systems of a 61: 45: 1822: 226:

on 3 April 1973, using a handset weighing c. 2 kilograms (4.4 lbs). In 1979,

8279: 8134: 7902: 7877: 7865: 7550: 7540: 7339: 6220: 6210: 6185: 6168: 6145: 5975: 5970: 5863: 5402: 5067: 4540: 4065: 3557: 3517:"Non-Chinese smartphones: These phones are not made in China - MobilityArena.com" 3433: 3003: 2723: 2335: 2311: 1894: 1729: 1559:. It is estimated that 86% of Americans use their mobile phone while watching TV. 955: 699: 569: 502: 474:

networks to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity. 3G is able to provide

289: 176: 132: 88: 4937: 4883: 1447:

Google, both of the United States, also came to dominate mobile phone software.

505:. Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized fourth-generation ( 8477: 8349: 8324: 8284: 8254: 8129: 7964: 7917: 7892: 7850: 7704: 7689: 7658: 7430: 7425: 7254: 6871: 6560: 6202: 6175: 6153: 5887: 5365: 4838: 4080:"Apple to add kill switches to help combat iPhone theft" by Jaxon Van Derbeken 2433: 2255: 2135: 2014: 1944: 1694: 1637: 1621: 1617: 1593: 1528: 1511: 975: 906: 900: 816: 771: 703: 665: 645: 526: 490:

in laptop computers. This ensures it can be applied to mobile Internet access,

252: 180: 164: 120: 92: 84: 5572: 4677: 4274: 3714: 2094: 1026: 435: 8837: 8626: 8399: 8389: 8304: 8194: 8189: 8179: 8164: 7986: 7845: 7663: 7637: 7435: 6508: 6316: 5965: 5929: 5880: 5868: 5576: 5421: 5349: 5330: 5189: 5076: 4770:"Antwerp introduces 'text walking lanes' for pedestrians using mobile phones" 4374: 4319:

Mobile phone use while cycling: Incidence and effects on behaviour and safety

3172: 2701: 2627: 2416: 2245: 2078: 2055: 1899: 1702: 1683: 863: 851: 805: 800:

An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. These are a

641: 627: 491: 432:

with a theoretical maximum transfer speed of 384 kbit/s (48 kB/s).

352: 293: 223: 196: 65: 3870:"Cell Phone Tracking Can Locate Terrorists – But Only Where It's Legal" 3164: 2912: 2757: 8504: 8344: 8289: 8219: 8184: 8119: 8018: 8008: 7860: 7410: 7157: 7141: 6774: 6348: 6311: 6245: 5955: 5846: 5117: 5021: 5012: 4955: 4685: 4282: 3279: 2448: 2320: 2259: 2249: 2238: 2220: 2139: 1969: 1869: 1864: 1672: 1589: 1474: 1462: 1461:

The world's largest individual mobile operator by number of subscribers is

995: 710: 545: 487: 116: 5148: 4624: 1858:

Demand for metals used in mobile phones and other electronics fuelled the

8704: 8354: 8264: 8249: 8209: 8169: 8028: 7653: 7239: 7188: 7098: 7086: 6336: 6301: 6250: 6225: 5787: 5727: 5506: 5382:

Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance

2258:, which are performed on mobile phones, has also led to the creation of ' 2183: 1972:) is banned. In other countries, including the UK and France and in many 1830: 1814: 1733: 1656: 1264: 1206: 830: 561: 514: 475: 403: 305: 230:(NTT) launched the world's first cellular network in Japan. In 1983, the 4188:"Children of the Congo who risk their lives to supply our mobile phones" 3126:"The Samsung Galaxy S8 will change the way we think about display sizes" 1990:

found a sixfold increase in distraction-related accidents when texting.

1122: 8709: 8416: 8114: 8023: 7979: 7949: 7927: 7555: 6424: 6240: 6215: 6112: 6023: 5980: 5919: 5131:

Davis, Anna (18 May 2015). "Social media 'more stressful than exams'".

4505: 2458: 2174: 2142:, and follow news pertaining to their case, among other forbidden uses. 1976:, only handheld phone use is banned while hands-free use is permitted. 1806: 1790: 1585: 1483:

Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants. 2014 figure is estimated.

1343: 1252: 1232: 1170: 1066: 925: 855: 649: 637: 603: 598: 483: 459: 429: 383: 248: 240: 208: 192: 172: 31: 6865: 4459:"Texting while driving ban, other new Kentucky laws take effect today" 3896:"China plans to track cellphone users, sparking human rights concerns" 1600:, video content that has been produced exclusively for mobile phones. 1431:

was the market leader in mobile phones from 1998 to 2012. In Q1 2012,

8694: 8159: 7974: 7741: 7668: 7576: 7521: 5960: 5722: 5180: 4572: 4546: 2692: 2675: 2522:

MOSFET Technologies for Double-Pole Four-Throw Radio-Frequency Switch

2453: 2248:. For example a research paper suggested that owning specifically an 2127: 1878: 1668: 1645: 1597: 1556: 1552: 939: 466:

standard. This was followed by 3.5G or 3G+ enhancements based on the

359:

in 1979. This was followed in 1981 by the simultaneous launch of the

152: 108: 80: 5305:

Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution

4353: 3689:

The Reconstruction of Space and Time: Mobile Communication Practices

1608: 8689: 8679: 8596: 8421: 8244: 7535: 7218: 7122: 7021: 6944: 6911: 6331: 6103: 5710: 5700: 5695: 4970:"This Place Just Made it Illegal to Give Kids Too Much Screen Time" 4011: 3100:"We're gonna need Pythagoras' help to compare screen sizes in 2017" 1740: 1581: 1533: 1443: 1424: 1248: 1244: 1058: 1042: 1031: 1017: 979: 963: 709:

Former systems would cover a service area with one or two powerful

661: 653: 633: 367:) systems could support far more simultaneous calls but still used 219: 5501:

Mobile Understanding: The Epistemology of Ubiquitous Communication

5494:

A Sense of Place: The Global and the Local in Mobile Communication

2058:

aboard aircraft in flight. Contrary to popular misconception, the

690: 420:

the 2G network introduced data services for mobile, starting with

8684: 8669: 7887: 7452: 6982: 6949: 6824: 6755: 6689: 6684: 6604: 6230: 6008: 5685: 4527: 2443: 2391: 2244:

Some have also suggested that mobile phones or smartphones are a

2224: 2066: 2006: 1906: 1439: 1432: 1307:

Market share of top-five worldwide mobile phone vendors, Q2 2022

1268: 1260: 1104: 1061:. The first SIM card was made in 1991 by Munich smart card maker 959: 929: 285: 5602: 4032: 3020:

Micheloni, Rino; Crippa, Luca; Marelli, Alessia (27 July 2010).

1862:, which claimed almost 5.5 million lives. In a 2012 news story, 1787:, and Australia has introduced a mobile phone recycling scheme. 1510:, the first literary genre to emerge from the cellular age, via 8714: 8674: 7996: 7161: 7032: 6932: 6674: 6614: 6343: 6063: 5480:

Mobile Learning: Essays on Philosophy, Psychology and Education

4843: 4317:

de Waard, D., Schepers, P., Ormel, W. and Brookhuis, K., 2010,

3968:"The Secret Life Series – Environmental Impacts of Cell Phones" 2650:"Nokia Captured 9% Feature Phone Marketshare Worldwide in 2016" 2123: 2120: 1999: 1780: 1641: 1356: 1272: 1240: 951: 801: 323: 320:, supported a few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive. 244: 37:"Cell Phone" and "Handphone" redirect here. For the films, see 4659:"Pedestrian injuries due to mobile phone use in public places" 2151:

As of 2007, some hospitals had banned mobile devices due to a

2005:

A 2010 study reviewed the incidence of mobile phone use while

1868:

reported: "In unsafe mines deep underground in eastern Congo,

195:. Mobile phones offering only basic capabilities are known as 8699: 8636: 7944: 7249: 7234: 7197: 7184: 7103: 7081: 6887: 6679: 4788:"Smuggled cellphones a growing problem in California Prisons" 4598: 2891:"Duke of Cambridge Presents Maxwell Medals to GSM Developers" 2396: 2263: 2131: 2018: 1834: 1679: 1428: 1283:

were targeting smartphones first for mobile app development.

1077: 883: 839:(SIM) cards and removable user identity module (R-UIM) cards. 745: 685: 553: 463: 335:

The first handheld cellular mobile phone was demonstrated by

200: 144: 140: 128: 7490: 5539:

Mobile phones for development and profit: a win-win scenario

5052: 3666: 3403:

Mobile Messaging Technologies and Services: SMS, EMS and MMS

1898:

capabilities. Although these phones are intended to prevent

1506:

The advent of widespread text-messaging has resulted in the

994:. Cellphones have small speakers so that the user can use a 375:

was the first commercially available handheld mobile phone.

8641: 7415: 7113: 6927: 6795: 6722: 5705: 5545:. Overseas Development Institute. p. 2. Archived from 4780: 4094: 3200: 3196:"Why Mobile Voice Quality Still Stinks – and How to Fix It" 3066: 2893:. IEEE United Kingdom and Ireland Section. 1 September 2018 2831: 1881:

has worked to develop a mobile phone that does not contain

1660: 1544: 1085: 1073: 991: 987: 947: 921: 914: 549: 479: 471: 439:

Dupuis and Haug during a GSM meeting in Belgium, April 1992

416: 395: 5454:

Mobile Communications: Re-negotiation of the Social Sphere

2805: 2724:"BBC News | Business | Mobile phone sales surge" 27:

Portable device to make telephone calls using a radio link

7684: 6835: 6810: 6731: 6718: 6694: 6416: 5841: 5440:

The Mobile Connection: the Cell Phone's Impact on Society

4752:"Chinese city opens 'phone lane' for texting pedestrians" 3638:"Mobile phones help lift poor out of poverty: U.N. study" 1995: 1826: 1202: 1184: 1081: 943: 859: 588:

Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

421: 387: 382:) digital cellular technology was launched in Finland by 4297:"Text messaging not illegal but data clear on its peril" 2979:"feature phone Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia" 2580:"Timeline from 1G to 5G: A Brief History on Cell Phones" 610:

measures those with Internet connection, which it calls

7213: 7136: 6906: 6708: 6629: 5814: 5809: 5799: 5782: 5777: 5766: 5473:

Mobile Communication: Essays on Cognition and Community

5325:

Thumb Culture: The Meaning of Mobile Phones for Society

4337:"Drivers still Web surfing while driving, survey finds" 3477:"Farewell Nokia: The rise and fall of a mobile pioneer" 1239:

providing applications for multiple platforms, such as

917:, but taller aspect ratios became more common in 2017. 656:

capabilities, and other services offered by the user's

541: 537: 506: 455: 379: 364: 348: 112: 60:

Two decades of evolution of mobile phones, from a 1992

5487:

Mobile Democracy: Essays on Society, Self and Politics

5389:

The Cell Phone Reader: Essays in Social Transformation

4864:

Rachel C. Vreeman, Aaron E. Carroll, "Medical Myths",

3515:

Mobility, Yomi Adegboye AKA Mister (5 February 2020).

3019: 762:

The common components found on all mobile phones are:

4581:"Cell Phones Are Dangerous in Flight: Myth, or Fact?" 3916: 3814:"VISA Testing NFC Memory Cards for Wireless Payments" 3331:"Smartphone boom lifts phone market in first quarter" 2742:"Ubiquitous mobile phones are becoming indispensable" 2676:"Mobile phones: Impacts, challenges, and predictions" 1636:

In many countries, mobile phones are used to provide

1536:

or the Internet are not available, especially in the

5286:

Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone

4260: 4226:"Introducing: A 'Kosher Phone' Permitted on Shabbat" 3861: 3357:"How to Fix 'No SIM Card Detected' Error on Android" 3255:"How To Prolong Your Cell Phone Battery's Life Span" 2273: 1438:

Aside from Motorola, European brands such as Nokia,

525:, and multimedia streaming (including music, video, 214:

The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by

4554:"Qatar Flies First B787 with Inflight Connectivity" 3917:McCullagh, Declan; Anne Broache (1 December 2006). 3837: 3835: 3118: 2865:"Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology" 2341:

List of countries by number of mobile phones in use

4920:Stiglic, Neza; Viner, Russell M (3 January 2019). 4163: 3092: 2519:Srivastava, Viranjay M.; Singh, Ghanshyam (2013). 1840:All mobile phones have a unique identifier called 5149:"Cell phone users choosing fashion over function" 4993: 4578: 4165:"Is your mobile phone helping fund war in Congo?" 3376:"The History and Evolution of Mobile Advertising" 1940:A driver using two handheld mobile phones at once 1655:has also been successful in South Africa and the 1514:to a website that collects the novels as a whole. 905:One of the main characteristics of phones is the 8879:Telecommunications-related introductions in 1973 8835: 5092:"Health risks associated with mobile phones use" 4657:Nasar, Jack L.; Troyer, Dereck (21 March 2013). 3832: 1960:(NHTSA) reported that 995 people were killed by 672:that often shares common traits across devices. 4913: 4450: 3919:"FBI taps cell phone mic as eavesdropping tool" 3811: 3436:. 18 February 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2015. 2989: 2518: 850:Low-end mobile phones are often referred to as 103:(PSTN). Modern mobile telephone services use a 6538: 4749: 4059:Adams, Mike "Plea Urges Anti-Theft Phone Tech" 1958:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 1753: 1697:via direct mobile billing schemes, or through 1201:A common data application on mobile phones is 606:have a number of distinguishing features. The 7757: 7506: 6524: 5618: 5387:Kavoori, Anandam & Arceneaux, Noah, eds. 4812: 4579:Sherr, Lynn; Chris Kilmer (7 December 2007). 4556:. IFExpress. 19 November 2012. Archived from 3217:"Why Is Cell Phone Call Quality So Terrible?" 1603: 770:(CPU), the processor of phones. The CPU is a 552:defines 5G as any system that adheres to the 4994:Radesky, Jenny; Christakis, Dimitri (2016). 4919: 4767: 3893: 3784: 3498:"How the smartphone made Europe look stupid" 3450:"Global Smartphone Market Share: By Quarter" 3150: 2936: 2673: 2555:"Meet the man who invented the mobile phone" 2262:'. It also led to the growing popularity of 1813:, urged smartphone manufacturers to install 920:Screen sizes are often measured in diagonal 632:Feature phone is a term typically used as a 576:, IoT, and critical communication services. 8772:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 5593:Cell Phone, the ring heard around the world 5237:"iPhone, iPad are status symbols: Research" 4656: 4207:"Kosher Phones For Britain's Orthodox Jews" 3990:"E-waste research group, Facts and figures" 3910: 3789:. connectedplanetonline.com. Archived from 3757: 3214: 1450: 668:. By contrast, smartphones generally use a 8808: 7764: 7750: 7513: 7499: 6531: 6517: 5625: 5611: 5337:(New York: Routledge, 2011), p. 176. 5253: 5036:"Do mobile phones, 4G or 5G cause cancer?" 4493:. Public Health Law Research. 15 July 2011 4204: 4095:"IMEIpro – free IMEI number check service" 3700: 3233: 3193: 2548: 2546: 1080:cards may be mixed together to allow both 1065:for the Finnish wireless network operator 870: 5323:Glotz, Peter & Bertsch, Stefan, eds. 5298: 5107: 5066: 5011: 4945: 4836: 4325:, Vol 53, No. 1, January 2010, pp. 30–42. 4223: 3585:"Donated cell phones help battered women" 2691: 2652:. Strategyanalytics.com. 24 February 2017 2512: 2214: 1964:. In March 2011, a US insurance company, 1580:through the mobile phone was the sale of 1223:List of mobile app distribution platforms 5380:Katz, James E. & Aakhus, Mark, eds. 5096:International Journal of Health Sciences 4456: 4420:. 22 February 2007 – via BBC News. 4334: 4012:"Mobile Phone Waste and The Environment" 3609: 3514: 3444: 3442: 3333:. Reuters. 29 April 2011. Archived from 2680:Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2552: 2331:Customer proprietary network information 2155:that their use would create significant 2093: 1986:, is limited. A simulation study at the 1943: 1935: 1757: 1607: 1478: 1192: 1103: 1025: 986:. Audio quality can be improved using a 689: 583: 442: 434: 322: 272: 147:), short-range wireless communications ( 55: 5254:Strat-Comm, Sailient (6 January 2018). 4816:Smuggled cellphones flourish in prisons 4432:"Illinois to ban texting while driving" 4406:. 22 January 2007 – via BBC News. 4205:Brunwasser, Matthew (25 January 2012). 3492: 3490: 3153:IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 2939:"Capacity Limit Problem in 3G Networks" 2780:"Mobile phones are becoming ubiquitous" 2674:Harris, Arlene; Cooper, Martin (2019). 2543: 1571: 1041:called a Subscriber Identity Module or 513:service was launched in Scandinavia by 14: 8836: 7771: 7401:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service 5523:Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution 5350:"Urban Errands: The Means of Mobility" 4721: 4630: 4217: 3867: 3587:. The Press-Enterprise. Archived from 3582: 2054:(FCC) regulations prohibit the use of 1578:distributing and selling media content 1576:In 1998, one of the first examples of 1567:providers in the case of an emergency. 1302:List of mobile phone brands by country 7745: 7494: 6512: 5606: 5535: 5256:"The evolution of emoji into culture" 5209: 5130: 5089: 5028: 4612:from the original on 15 February 2013 4533:14 Code of Federal Regulations 91.21 4176:from the original on 10 January 2022. 3947: 3737:"Branchless banking to start in Bali" 3663:"4 Ways Smartphones Can Save Live TV" 3439: 3399: 2845:from the original on 23 February 2017 2819:from the original on 23 February 2017 2785:International Telecommunication Union 2739: 2735: 2733: 2527:Springer Science & Business Media 2196: 1259:, or Android-related app stores like 1216: 1161:worldwide on smartphones since 2011. 1099: 808:for most smartphones (typically with 612:Active Mobile-Broadband subscriptions 608:International Telecommunication Union 8818: 7359:Spectral efficiency comparison table 5582:"The Long Odyssey of the Cell Phone" 5347: 5173: 4987: 4761: 4750:Leo Benedictus (15 September 2014), 4457:Steitzer, Stephanie (14 July 2010). 4410: 4335:Copeland, Larry (12 November 2013). 4236: 3843:"Tracking a suspect by mobile phone" 3487: 3373: 2913:"History of UMTS and 3G Development" 2669: 2667: 2490:, and sometimes shortened to simply 1847: 1821:and San Francisco District Attorney 1779:. Mobile phone manufacturers within 1427:was market leader in mobile phones. 1213:(MMS) was introduced in March 2002. 1117: 648:functionality, in addition to basic 5452:Ling, Rich and Pedersen, Per, eds. 4962: 4837:Mikkelson, Barbara (23 July 2003). 4743: 4606:"In flight phone-free zone may end" 4424: 4396: 4224:Hirshfeld, Rachel (26 March 2012). 2867:. Tekniskamuseet.se. Archived from 793:(LIB), whereas older handsets used 640:. Feature phones typically provide 24: 6455:USA use restrictions while driving 6430:Legality of recording by civilians 5277: 4813:Kevin Johnson (20 November 2008), 4404:"Drivers face new phone penalties" 3812:Tofel, Kevin C. (20 August 2010). 3583:Brooks, Richard (13 August 2007). 3252: 3236:"What's the Best Mobile VoIP App?" 2789:. 17 February 2022. Archived from 2730: 2598: 1712: 1298:List of best-selling mobile phones 1291: 371:cellular technology. In 1983, the 25: 8905: 8859:Mobile telecommunication services 5632: 5598:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 5566: 5212:"The smartphone as status symbol" 5210:Lasco, Gideon (22 October 2015). 3787:"NFC mobile phone set to explode" 3785:Ready, Sarah (10 November 2009). 3739:. The Jakarta Post. 13 April 2012 3703:Journal of Modern African Studies 3610:Goodyear, Dana (7 January 2009). 3474: 3400:Bodic, Gwenaël Le (8 July 2005). 2664: 2553:Teixeira, Tania (23 April 2010). 2169:Mobile phone radiation and health 2162: 2098:People using phones while walking 2090:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 2052:Federal Communications Commission 1962:drivers distracted by cell phones 1803:Federal Communications Commission 1665:International Finance Corporation 675: 424:text messages, then expanding to 314:Improved Mobile Telephone Service 101:public switched telephone network 30:For the modern mobile phone, see 8817: 8807: 8798: 8797: 8786: 8407:Free-space optical communication 7726: 7716: 7475: 7464: 6550:List of mobile phone generations 6492: 6491: 6480: 6468: 5247: 5229: 5203: 5174:Pell, Alex, ed. (18 July 2023). 5167: 5141: 5124: 5083: 5046: 4666:Accident Analysis and Prevention 4263:Accident Analysis and Prevention 3956:– via www.theguardian.com. 3868:Miller, Joshua (14 March 2009). 3760:"Mobile Payments: Look to Korea" 3635: 3303: 3280:"Iphone Battery and Performance" 3194:Jeff Hecht (30 September 2014). 2304: 2290: 2276: 2252:was seen to be a status symbol. 2112:This section is an excerpt from 2083: 2042:This section is an excerpt from 1928:Mobile phones and driving safety 1921: 1888: 1875:Democratic Republic of the Congo 1837:, due to debut in October 2013. 1743:and the handset can be tracked. 1121: 938:are the most common; others are 621: 536:Deployment of fifth-generation ( 378:In 1991, the second-generation ( 5584:, 15 photos with captions from 4888: 4858: 4830: 4806: 4715: 4650: 4631:Cauley, Leslie (16 June 2005). 4483: 4347: 4328: 4311: 4289: 4254: 4198: 4180: 4156: 4134: 4112: 4087: 4074: 4052: 4026: 4004: 3982: 3960: 3948:Gibbs, Samuel (18 April 2016). 3941: 3887: 3805: 3778: 3751: 3729: 3694: 3681: 3655: 3629: 3612:"Letter from Japan: I ♥ Novels" 3603: 3576: 3550: 3541: 3537:. China Mobile. 31 August 2017. 3527: 3508: 3468: 3420: 3393: 3374:Lynn, Natalie (10 March 2016). 3367: 3349: 3323: 3297: 3272: 3246: 3227: 3208: 3187: 3144: 3040: 3013: 2971: 2953: 2930: 2905: 2883: 2857: 2772: 2146: 2060:Federal Aviation Administration 1912: 454:In 2001, the third-generation ( 415:the umbrella of CEPT. In 1988, 99:, which provides access to the 4722:Grabar, Henry (28 July 2017). 4363:Social Science Computer Review 3762:. banktech.com. Archived from 3665:. Tvgenius.net. Archived from 2941:. Purdue School of Engineering 2839:"Who invented the cell phone?" 2716: 2642: 2616: 2572: 2472: 2036: 1520:also facilitates activism and 1037:Mobile phones require a small 1022:Removable User Identity Module 357:Nippon Telegraph and Telephone 228:Nippon Telegraph and Telephone 13: 1: 7520: 5596:– a video documentary by the 5090:Naeem, Zahid (October 2014). 4768:David Chazan (14 June 2015), 4633:"Cingular backs air cell ban" 3894:Cecilia Kang (3 March 2011). 3558:"Millions keep secret mobile" 3547:Source: wireless intelligence 2505: 2231:Japanese mobile phone culture 2106: 1736:near the owner of the phone. 1404:branded shipments and exclude 1164: 1047:service-subscriber key (IMSI) 592: 450:mobiles and modems, 1997–2003 8793:Telecommunication portal 8574:Telecommunications equipment 7723:Telecommunication portal 7471:Telecommunication portal 6475:Telecommunication portal 5176:"Test Bench: Fashion phones" 5068:10.1016/j.envint.2024.108983 4543:. Retrieved August 21, 2009. 4035:"Liam – An Innovation Story" 3816:. gigaom.com. Archived from 3758:Feig, Nancy (25 June 2007). 2813:"John F. Mitchell Biography" 2387:Optical head-mounted display 2157:electromagnetic interference 1835:next iPhone operating system 1693:Some mobile phones can make 1663:was launched in 2011 by the 1211:Multimedia Messaging Service 825:organic light-emitting diode 426:Multimedia Messaging Service 316:. These 0G systems were not 7: 8310:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 5536:Singh, Rohit (April 2009). 5354:Journal of Consumer Culture 4938:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023191 4896:"Definition of SCREEN TIME" 4884:10.1136/bmj.39420.420370.25 4878::1288 (December 20, 2007), 4867:The British Medical Journal 4839:"Hospital Cell Phone Death" 4142:"How To Change IMEI Number" 2997:Two Weeks With A Dumb Phone 2407:Personal Handy-phone System 2367:Mobile phone use in schools 2269: 2203:Mobile phone use in schools 1754:Electronic waste regulation 1279:. In February 2014, 93% of 1094: 1076:for each SIM Card. SIM and 1011: 751: 458:) was launched in Japan by 448:Personal Handy-phone System 115:support a variety of other 10: 8910: 8014:Telecommunications history 6968:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 6397:Phantom vibration syndrome 6392:Mental health from overuse 5366:10.1177/146954050200200305 5348:Jain, S. Lochlann (2002). 4211:Public Radio International 4014:. Aussie Recycling Program 3234:Alan Henry (22 May 2014). 3132:. Vox Media. 30 March 2017 3054:. CPU World. 25 March 2008 3023:Inside NAND Flash Memories 2740:Gupta, Gireesh K. (2011). 2402:Personal digital assistant 2218: 2209:London School of Economics 2200: 2172: 2166: 2111: 2087: 2076: 2041: 2026:Public Health Law Research 1925: 1851: 1765: 1716: 1625: 1615: 1604:Mobile banking and payment 1472: 1454: 1402:Note: Vendor shipments are 1295: 1220: 1182: 1168: 1111: 1030:Typical mobile phone mini- 1015: 1002: 898: 894: 837:Subscriber identity module 755: 744:Additionally, short-range 714:there would not be enough 679: 625: 596: 266: 262: 163:), business applications, 83:that can make and receive 36: 29: 8864:Mobile telecommunications 8781: 8723: 8660: 8622:Public Switched Telephone 8582: 8546: 8503: 8444: 8434:telecommunication circuit 8395:Fiber-optic communication 8378: 8140:Francis Blake (telephone) 8087: 7935:Optical telecommunication 7779: 7713: 7677: 7646: 7598:Communications satellites 7585: 7564: 7528: 7461: 7283: 7263: 7227: 7212: 7177: 7150: 7135: 7112: 7071: 7042: 6992: 6981: 6960: 6920: 6905: 6880: 6858: 6850:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE 6834: 6823: 6783: 6775:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136) 6764: 6745: 6717: 6707: 6662: 6638: 6628: 6556: 6547: 6463: 6415: 6362: 6292: 6201: 6144: 6111: 6098: 6076:Open-source mobile phones 6037: 5989: 5939: 5928: 5827: 5746: 5654: 5640: 5299:Fessenden, R. A. (1908). 5059:Environment International 4678:10.1016/j.aap.2013.03.021 4491:"Distracted Driving Laws" 4275:10.1016/j.aap.2010.08.003 3715:10.1017/s0022278x07003084 3406:. John Wiley & Sons. 2626:. Gartner. Archived from 2422:Professional mobile radio 2362:Mobile phones on aircraft 2044:Mobile phones on aircraft 1538:least developed countries 1401: 776:metal–oxide–semiconductor 658:wireless service provider 412:James Clerk Maxwell medal 355:was launched in Japan by 8533:Orbital angular-momentum 7970:Satellite communications 7809:Communications satellite 5411:, 15 March 2013, p. MM19 5396:Who Made That Cellphone? 4375:10.1177/0894439309353099 4082:San Francisco Chronicle 2465: 2382:Mobile phone form factor 2357:Mobile phone accessories 2298:Telecommunication portal 1825:and was directed to the 1796: 1707:near field communication 1451:By mobile phone operator 1286: 969: 877:central processing units 804:for feature phones, and 579: 470:(HSPA) family, allowing 468:high-speed packet access 310:Mobile Telephone Service 269:History of mobile phones 8412:Molecular communication 8235:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 8064:Undersea telegraph line 7799:Cable protection system 7593:Cable protection system 7306:Comparison of standards 6945:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA 6440:Photography and the law 6435:Mobile phones in prison 5416:The City in Your Pocket 5401:4 November 2017 at the 5134:London Evening Standard 4996:"Media and Young Minds" 4900:www.merriam-webster.com 4608:. CNN. 3 October 2004. 4064:16 October 2014 at the 3165:10.1109/MCG.1987.276869 2758:10.1145/1963533.1963545 2119:In most jurisdictions, 2114:Mobile phones in prison 1893:Due to concerns by the 1409:sales for all vendors. 1114:Mobile operating system 1063:Giesecke & Devrient 936:Liquid-crystal displays 871:Central processing unit 768:central processing unit 670:mobile operating system 361:Nordic Mobile Telephone 312:and its successor, the 8554:Communication protocol 8340:Charles Sumner Tainter 8155:Walter Houser Brattain 8100:Edwin Howard Armstrong 7908:Information revolution 7311:Channel access methods 6950:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA 5573:"How Cell Phones Work" 5467:Home page of Rich Ling 5013:10.1542/peds.2016-2591 4301:Democrat and Chronicle 4069:San Francisco Examiner 2351:Mobile Internet device 2215:Culture and popularity 2099: 1949: 1941: 1811:Secure our Smartphones 1768:Mobile phone recycling 1763: 1762:Scrapped mobile phones 1719:Cellphone surveillance 1613: 1484: 1468: 1198: 1109: 1034: 821:liquid-crystal display 695: 589: 451: 440: 332: 281: 161:messaging connectivity 68: 62:Motorola DynaTAC 8000X 8849:2000s fads and trends 8528:Polarization-division 8260:Narinder Singh Kapany 8225:Erna Schneider Hoover 8145:Jagadish Chandra Bose 8125:Alexander Graham Bell 7856:online video platform 7733:Telephones portal 7482:Telephones portal 6590:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD 6487:Telephones portal 6450:Texting while driving 6387:External power supply 6086:Windows Phone devices 4172:. 27 September 2011. 3992:. Griffith University 3454:Counterpoint Research 2429:Push-button telephone 2097: 2031:categorical variables 1983:texting while driving 1947: 1939: 1932:Texting while driving 1761: 1723:Mobile phone tracking 1701:if the phone and the 1659:. A pilot project in 1612:Mobile payment system 1611: 1482: 1475:Smartphone § Use 1457:Mobile phone operator 1203:Short Message Service 1196: 1107: 1029: 758:Mobile phone features 693: 587: 523:fixed wireless access 446: 438: 326: 276: 155:), satellite access ( 113:digital mobile phones 97:mobile phone operator 59: 8370:Vladimir K. Zworykin 8330:Almon Brown Strowger 8300:Charles Grafton Page 7955:Prepaid mobile phone 7883:Electrical telegraph 7695:Telephone newspapers 7099:iBurst (IEEE 802.20) 6872:CDMA2000 1X Advanced 6402:Radiation and health 5718:Standards comparison 5499:Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. 5492:Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. 5485:Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. 5478:Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. 5471:Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. 5301:"Wireless Telephony" 4513:"FCC 47 Part 22.925" 3591:on 25 September 2009 3432:29 June 2016 at the 3363:. 20 September 2020. 3002:30 July 2017 at the 2606:"Mobile penetration" 2439:Rechargeable battery 2412:Prepaid mobile phone 2326:Cellular frequencies 2179:Mobile phone overuse 2153:common misconception 1966:State Farm Insurance 1870:children are working 1699:contactless payments 1572:Content distribution 1257:BlackBerry App World 1197:A text message (SMS) 795:nickel–metal hydride 304:) services, such as 125:multimedia messaging 8320:Johann Philipp Reis 8079:Wireless revolution 8041:The Telephone Cases 7898:Hydraulic telegraph 7618:Mobile phone signal 6985:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G) 6827:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G) 6595:Mobile TeleSeratout 5335:Global Mobile Media 5307:. The Institution: 4464:The Courier-Journal 4170:The Daily Telegraph 3929:on 10 November 2013 3900:The Washington Post 3504:. 14 February 2010. 3221:Scientific American 2793:on 4 September 2022 2586:. 21 September 2020 1783:are subject to the 1632:Contactless payment 1423:From 1983 to 1998, 1308: 1237:third-party sources 1229:online distribution 1108:Android smartphones 984:long-distance calls 875:Mobile phones have 791:lithium-ion battery 574:autonomous vehicles 496:standard-definition 189:digital photography 8518:Frequency-division 8495:Telephone exchange 8365:Charles Wheatstone 8295:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 8270:Innocenzo Manzetti 8205:Reginald Fessenden 7940:Optical telegraphy 7773:Telecommunications 7608:Free-space optical 7473: 7059:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B) 7053:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A) 7051:1xEV-DO Revision A 5408:The New York Times 5042:. 8 February 2022. 5040:Cancer Research UK 4560:on 4 February 2013 4539:2009-07-14 at the 4471:on 19 January 2013 4194:. 7 December 2012. 4122:. 27 November 2012 3793:on 24 January 2010 3052:CPU World Glossary 3010:, 13 November 2012 2937:Fahd Ahmad Saeed. 2871:on 22 October 2008 2197:Educational impact 2100: 1988:University of Utah 1954:distracted driving 1950: 1942: 1764: 1653:Branchless banking 1628:Branchless banking 1614: 1522:citizen journalism 1485: 1306: 1277:Opera Mobile Store 1217:Application stores 1199: 1133:. You can help by 1110: 1100:Software platforms 1035: 810:capacitive sensing 797:(Ni–MH) batteries. 780:integrated circuit 696: 590: 558:gigabit-per-second 519:internet of things 478:access of several 452: 441: 333: 282: 69: 8831: 8830: 8569:Store and forward 8564:Data transmission 8478:Network switching 8429:Transmission line 8275:Guglielmo Marconi 8240:Internet pioneers 8105:Mohamed M. Atalla 8074:Whistled language 7739: 7738: 7572:Answering machine 7488: 7487: 7291:Cellular networks 7279: 7278: 7208: 7207: 7131: 7130: 6977: 6976: 6933:UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA 6901: 6900: 6868:(TIA/EIA/IS-2000) 6819: 6818: 6703: 6702: 6506: 6505: 6445:Telephone tapping 6288: 6287: 6236:Instant messaging 6094: 6093: 5823: 5822: 5519:Rheingold, Howard 5343:978-0-415-46918-0 5155:. 14 October 2006 4794:. 17 October 2012 4392:on 21 April 2022. 4307:on 29 April 2008. 4248:Los Angeles Times 4084:11 June 2013 p. 1 3564:. 16 October 2001 3521:mobilityarena.com 3413:978-0-470-01451-6 3215:Elena Malykhina. 3033:978-90-481-9431-5 2372:Mobile technology 2284:Telephones portal 1883:conflict minerals 1854:Conflict minerals 1848:Conflict minerals 1819:Eric Schneiderman 1801:According to the 1413: 1412: 1281:mobile developers 1151: 1150: 1074:device identifier 990:application over 18:Mobile telephones 16:(Redirected from 8901: 8894:Office equipment 8874:Radio technology 8854:Embedded systems 8821: 8820: 8811: 8810: 8801: 8800: 8791: 8790: 8789: 8662:Notable networks 8652:Wireless network 8592:Cellular network 8584:Types of network 8559:Computer network 8446:Network topology 8360:Thomas A. Watson 8215:Oliver Heaviside 8200:Philo Farnsworth 8175:Daniel Davis Jr. 8150:Charles Bourseul 8110:John Logie Baird 7819:Data compression 7814:Computer network 7766: 7759: 7752: 7743: 7742: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7721: 7720: 7719: 7685:Fax transmission 7633:Submarine cables 7515: 7508: 7501: 7492: 7491: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7469: 7468: 7467: 7396:Mobile broadband 7296:Mobile telephony 7284:Related articles 7225: 7224: 7168:LTE Advanced Pro 7148: 7147: 7063:EV-DO Revision C 7057:EV-DO Revision B 6990: 6989: 6918: 6917: 6832: 6831: 6715: 6714: 6636: 6635: 6561:radio telephones 6540:Cellular network 6533: 6526: 6519: 6510: 6509: 6495: 6494: 6485: 6484: 6483: 6473: 6472: 6471: 6382:Electronic waste 6372:BlackBerry thumb 6322:Japanese culture 6109: 6108: 6069:iOS jailbreaking 5937: 5936: 5859:Operating system 5674:Network operator 5659:Channel capacity 5652: 5651: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5604: 5603: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5552:on 16 April 2009 5551: 5544: 5418:, Gaudeamus 2000 5394:Kennedy, Pagan. 5377: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5241:Deccan Chronicle 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5207: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5145: 5139: 5138: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5111: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5070: 5050: 5044: 5043: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5015: 5006:(5): e20162591. 4991: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4949: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4906: 4892: 4886: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4834: 4828: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4810: 4804: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4765: 4759: 4758: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4702: 4696:. Archived from 4663: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4628: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4602: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4550: 4544: 4531: 4525: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4487: 4481: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4467:. Archived from 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4385:. Archived from 4360: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4332: 4326: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4303:. Archived from 4293: 4287: 4286: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4138: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4099:www.imeipro.info 4091: 4085: 4078: 4072: 4071:7 June 2013 p. 5 4056: 4050: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4039: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4008: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3964: 3958: 3957: 3945: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3925:. Archived from 3914: 3908: 3907: 3906:on 24 June 2011. 3902:. Archived from 3891: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3865: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3854: 3839: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3766:on 26 March 2010 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3733: 3727: 3726: 3698: 3692: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3636:Lynn, Jonathan. 3633: 3627: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3554: 3548: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3535:"Operation Data" 3531: 3525: 3524: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3494: 3485: 3484: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3456:. 24 August 2022 3446: 3437: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3361:Make Tech Easier 3353: 3347: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3327: 3321: 3320: 3318: 3316: 3301: 3295: 3294: 3292: 3290: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3253:Taylor, Martin. 3250: 3244: 3243: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3017: 3011: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2957: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2934: 2928: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2835: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2737: 2728: 2727: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2695: 2693:10.1002/hbe2.112 2671: 2662: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2576: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2516: 2499: 2478:Also known as a 2476: 2377:Mobile telephony 2346:Mobile broadband 2314: 2309: 2308: 2300: 2295: 2294: 2293: 2286: 2281: 2280: 2279: 2235:Motorola Razr V3 1860:Second Congo War 1777:electronic waste 1518:Mobile telephony 1508:cell phone novel 1309: 1305: 1146: 1143: 1125: 1118: 888:memory hierarchy 862:phones and many 844:notification LED 774:fabricated on a 723:cellular network 682:Cellular network 616:mobile telephony 476:mobile broadband 337:John F. Mitchell 329:Motorola DynaTAC 298:mobile telephony 105:cellular network 21: 8909: 8908: 8904: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8898: 8834: 8833: 8832: 8827: 8787: 8785: 8777: 8719: 8656: 8578: 8542: 8499: 8448: 8440: 8381: 8374: 8280:Robert Metcalfe 8135:Tim Berners-Lee 8083: 7903:Information Age 7775: 7770: 7740: 7735: 7727: 7725: 7717: 7715: 7709: 7690:Telephone calls 7673: 7642: 7581: 7560: 7551:Satellite phone 7541:Cable telephony 7524: 7519: 7489: 7484: 7476: 7474: 7465: 7463: 7457: 7364:Frequency bands 7275: 7259: 7217: 7204: 7173: 7140: 7127: 7108: 7067: 7038: 6984: 6983:3G transitional 6973: 6956: 6910: 6897: 6876: 6854: 6826: 6825:2G transitional 6815: 6779: 6760: 6756:cdmaOne (IS-95) 6741: 6699: 6658: 6624: 6552: 6543: 6537: 6507: 6502: 6481: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6459: 6411: 6364: 6358: 6284: 6197: 6140: 6136:Cloud computing 6102: 6100: 6090: 6081:Symbian devices 6047:Android devices 6033: 5985: 5976:Satellite phone 5971:Projector phone 5931: 5924: 5829: 5819: 5742: 5647: 5643: 5636: 5631: 5569: 5564: 5555: 5553: 5549: 5542: 5414:Kopomaa, Timo. 5403:Wayback Machine 5314: 5312: 5280: 5278:Further reading 5275: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5252: 5248: 5235: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5208: 5204: 5194: 5192: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5129: 5125: 5088: 5084: 5051: 5047: 5034: 5033: 5029: 4992: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4902: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4835: 4831: 4822: 4820: 4811: 4807: 4797: 4795: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4774:Daily Telegraph 4766: 4762: 4748: 4744: 4734: 4732: 4720: 4716: 4706: 4704: 4703:on 31 July 2017 4700: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4629: 4625: 4615: 4613: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4541:Wayback Machine 4532: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4511: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4474: 4472: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4438:. 6 August 2009 4430: 4429: 4425: 4418:"Careless talk" 4416: 4415: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4389: 4358: 4352: 4348: 4333: 4329: 4316: 4312: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4259: 4255: 4250:. 4 March 2011. 4242: 4241: 4237: 4222: 4218: 4203: 4199: 4186: 4185: 4181: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4125: 4123: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4079: 4075: 4066:Wayback Machine 4057: 4053: 4043: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4010: 4009: 4005: 3995: 3993: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3966: 3965: 3961: 3946: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3915: 3911: 3892: 3888: 3878: 3876: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3849:. 3 August 2005 3841: 3840: 3833: 3823: 3821: 3820:on 21 June 2012 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3756: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3699: 3695: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3661: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3581: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3513: 3509: 3496: 3495: 3488: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3440: 3434:Wayback Machine 3425: 3421: 3414: 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3372: 3368: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3338: 3329: 3328: 3324: 3314: 3312: 3302: 3298: 3288: 3286: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3263: 3261: 3251: 3247: 3242:. Gawker Media. 3232: 3228: 3213: 3209: 3192: 3188: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3106:. 30 March 2017 3098: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3080:. 21 March 2016 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3048:"CPU Frequency" 3046: 3045: 3041: 3034: 3018: 3014: 3004:Wayback Machine 2994: 2990: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2944: 2942: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2896: 2894: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2811: 2810: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2778: 2777: 2773: 2738: 2731: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2672: 2665: 2655: 2653: 2648: 2647: 2643: 2633: 2631: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2608:. 9 July 2010. 2604: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2551: 2544: 2537: 2517: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2502: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2336:Field telephone 2312:Internet portal 2310: 2303: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2282: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2227: 2217: 2207:A study by the 2205: 2199: 2181: 2171: 2165: 2149: 2144: 2143: 2117: 2109: 2092: 2086: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2047: 2039: 1934: 1926:Main articles: 1924: 1915: 1895:Orthodox Jewish 1891: 1856: 1850: 1799: 1770: 1756: 1730:multilateration 1725: 1715: 1713:Mobile tracking 1695:mobile payments 1634: 1624: 1616:Main articles: 1606: 1574: 1477: 1471: 1459: 1453: 1405: 1403: 1321: 1319: 1304: 1294: 1292:By manufacturer 1289: 1225: 1219: 1191: 1173: 1167: 1159:best-selling OS 1147: 1141: 1138: 1131:needs expansion 1116: 1102: 1097: 1054: 1024: 1016:Main articles: 1014: 1005: 972: 962:, and Apple's " 903: 897: 886:) but also the 873: 827:(OLED) display. 760: 754: 700:frequency reuse 688: 680:Main articles: 678: 630: 624: 601: 595: 582: 570:virtual reality 548:standards. The 503:streaming media 430:mobile internet 408:Philippe Dupuis 290:Eric Tigerstedt 271: 265: 133:Internet access 89:radio frequency 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8907: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8889:Videotelephony 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8815: 8805: 8795: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8775: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8747: 8746: 8741: 8733: 8727: 8725: 8721: 8720: 8718: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8672: 8666: 8664: 8658: 8657: 8655: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8576: 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8550: 8548: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8513:Space-division 8509: 8507: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8485: 8475: 8474: 8473: 8463: 8458: 8452: 8450: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8438: 8437: 8436: 8426: 8425: 8424: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8403: 8402: 8392: 8386: 8384: 8376: 8375: 8373: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8350:Camille Tissot 8347: 8342: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8325:Claude Shannon 8322: 8317: 8315:Tivadar Puskás 8312: 8307: 8302: 8297: 8292: 8287: 8285:Antonio Meucci 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8262: 8257: 8255:Charles K. Kao 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8230:Harold Hopkins 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8130:Emile Berliner 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8091: 8089: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8069:Videotelephony 8066: 8061: 8060: 8059: 8054: 8044: 8037: 8032: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7984: 7983: 7982: 7972: 7967: 7965:Radiotelephone 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7931: 7930: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7851:Internet video 7843: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7785: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7769: 7768: 7761: 7754: 7746: 7737: 7736: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7681: 7679: 7675: 7674: 7672: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7659:Misdialed call 7656: 7650: 7648: 7644: 7643: 7641: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7568: 7566: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7525: 7518: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7495: 7486: 7485: 7462: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7455: 7450: 7449: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7392: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7361: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7337: 7336: 7335: 7325: 7324: 7323: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7287: 7285: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7273: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7231: 7229: 7222: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7202: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7174: 7172: 7171: 7165: 7154: 7152: 7145: 7133: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7110: 7109: 7107: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7090: 7089: 7078: 7076: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7054: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7026: 7025: 7024: 7014: 7013: 7012: 7007: 6996: 6994: 6987: 6979: 6978: 6975: 6974: 6972: 6971: 6964: 6962: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6924: 6922: 6915: 6903: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6874: 6869: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6855: 6853: 6852: 6847: 6841: 6839: 6829: 6821: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6787: 6785: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6771: 6769: 6762: 6761: 6759: 6758: 6752: 6750: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6739: 6734: 6728: 6726: 6712: 6705: 6704: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6633: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6605:Autotel (PALM) 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6566: 6564: 6554: 6553: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6536: 6535: 6528: 6521: 6513: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6500: 6489: 6477: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6421: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6389: 6384: 6379: 6377:Driving safety 6374: 6368: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6340: 6339: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6298: 6296: 6290: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6283: 6282: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6265: 6264: 6263: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6213: 6207: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6173: 6172: 6171: 6166: 6156: 6150: 6148: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6117: 6115: 6106: 6096: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6089: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6072: 6071: 6061: 6056: 6055: 6054: 6043: 6041: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5940: 5934: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5888:Text messaging 5885: 5884: 5883: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5850: 5849: 5839: 5833: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5791: 5790: 5780: 5775: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5752: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5682: 5681: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5655: 5649: 5638: 5637: 5630: 5629: 5622: 5615: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5589: 5579: 5568: 5567:External links 5565: 5563: 5562: 5533: 5516: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5464: 5450: 5436: 5422:Levinson, Paul 5419: 5412: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5345: 5331:Goggin, Gerard 5328: 5321: 5296: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5272: 5246: 5243:. 9 July 2018. 5228: 5202: 5166: 5140: 5123: 5082: 5045: 5027: 4986: 4961: 4932:(1): e023191. 4912: 4887: 4857: 4829: 4805: 4779: 4760: 4742: 4714: 4649: 4623: 4597: 4571: 4545: 4526: 4515:. www.ecfr.gov 4504: 4482: 4449: 4423: 4409: 4395: 4369:(3): 336–349. 4346: 4327: 4310: 4288: 4269:(1): 134–142. 4253: 4235: 4216: 4197: 4179: 4155: 4133: 4111: 4086: 4073: 4051: 4025: 4003: 3981: 3959: 3940: 3909: 3886: 3860: 3831: 3804: 3777: 3750: 3728: 3693: 3680: 3669:on 14 May 2012 3654: 3628: 3616:The New Yorker 3602: 3575: 3549: 3540: 3526: 3507: 3486: 3475:Cheng, Roger. 3467: 3438: 3419: 3412: 3392: 3366: 3348: 3322: 3310:Digital Trends 3296: 3271: 3245: 3226: 3207: 3186: 3143: 3117: 3091: 3065: 3039: 3032: 3012: 2988: 2970: 2952: 2929: 2904: 2882: 2856: 2830: 2804: 2771: 2729: 2715: 2663: 2641: 2630:on 22 May 2016 2615: 2597: 2571: 2542: 2536:978-3319011653 2535: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2480:cellular phone 2470: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2434:Radiotelephone 2431: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2328: 2323: 2317: 2316: 2315: 2301: 2287: 2271: 2268: 2256:Text messaging 2216: 2213: 2198: 2195: 2167:Main article: 2164: 2163:Health effects 2161: 2148: 2145: 2118: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2088:Main article: 2085: 2082: 2048: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2015:United Kingdom 1923: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1890: 1887: 1852:Main article: 1849: 1846: 1798: 1795: 1785:WEEE directive 1755: 1752: 1714: 1711: 1638:mobile banking 1622:Mobile payment 1618:Mobile banking 1605: 1602: 1594:ringback tones 1573: 1570: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1549: 1541: 1529:United Nations 1525: 1515: 1512:text messaging 1504: 1501: 1470: 1467: 1455:Main article: 1452: 1449: 1421: 1420: 1411: 1410: 1399: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1316: 1313: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1221:Main article: 1218: 1215: 1181: 1180: 1169:Main article: 1166: 1163: 1149: 1148: 1128: 1126: 1112:Main article: 1101: 1098: 1096: 1093: 1052: 1013: 1010: 1004: 1001: 976:Voice over LTE 971: 968: 901:Display device 899:Main article: 896: 893: 872: 869: 864:feature phones 852:feature phones 848: 847: 846:on some phones 840: 834: 828: 813: 798: 783: 772:microprocessor 756:Main article: 753: 750: 704:radio spectrum 677: 676:Infrastructure 674: 666:user interface 646:text messaging 626:Main article: 623: 620: 597:Main article: 594: 591: 581: 578: 267:Main article: 264: 261: 197:feature phones 121:text messaging 93:landline phone 79:is a portable 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8906: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8844:Mobile phones 8842: 8841: 8839: 8824: 8816: 8814: 8806: 8804: 8796: 8794: 8784: 8783: 8780: 8773: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8736: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8726: 8722: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8665: 8663: 8659: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8551: 8549: 8545: 8539: 8538:Code-division 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8523:Time-division 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8510: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8493: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8480: 8479: 8476: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8453: 8451: 8449:and switching 8447: 8443: 8435: 8432: 8431: 8430: 8427: 8423: 8420: 8419: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8401: 8400:optical fiber 8398: 8397: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8390:Coaxial cable 8388: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8377: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8305:Radia Perlman 8303: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8195:Lee de Forest 8193: 8191: 8190:Thomas Edison 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8180:Donald Davies 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8165:Claude Chappe 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8086: 8080: 8077: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8009:Smoke signals 8007: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7989: 7988: 7987:Semiconductor 7985: 7981: 7978: 7977: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7847: 7846:Digital media 7844: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7821: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7778: 7774: 7767: 7762: 7760: 7755: 7753: 7748: 7747: 7744: 7734: 7724: 7712: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7682: 7680: 7676: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7664:Nuisance call 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 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Inform, Inc 3969: 3963: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3875: 3871: 3864: 3848: 3844: 3838: 3836: 3819: 3815: 3808: 3792: 3788: 3781: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3738: 3732: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3697: 3690: 3684: 3668: 3664: 3658: 3643: 3639: 3632: 3617: 3613: 3606: 3590: 3586: 3579: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3544: 3536: 3530: 3522: 3518: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3491: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3443: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3423: 3415: 3409: 3405: 3404: 3396: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3337:on 8 May 2011 3336: 3332: 3326: 3311: 3307: 3304:Hill, Simon. 3300: 3285: 3284:Apple Support 3281: 3275: 3260: 3256: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3222: 3218: 3211: 3203: 3202: 3197: 3190: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3154: 3147: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3079: 3075: 3069: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3035: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3016: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2998: 2992: 2984: 2983:www.pcmag.com 2980: 2974: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2940: 2933: 2918: 2917:Umtsworld.com 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