88:) is an industry-driven interest group that was founded in 1994 by around 50 companies. IrDA provides specifications for a complete set of protocols for wireless infrared communications, and the name "IrDA" also refers to that set of protocols. The main reason for using the IrDA protocols had been wireless data transfer over the "last one meter" using point-and-shoot principles. Thus, it has been implemented in portable devices such as mobile telephones, laptops, cameras, printers, and medical devices. The main characteristics of this kind of
27:
109:
36:
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An attempt was made to revive IrDA around 2005 with IrSimple protocols by providing sub-1-second transfers of pictures between cell phones, printers, and display devices. IrDA hardware was still less expensive and didn't share the same security problems encountered with wireless technologies such as
499:
Many modern (2021) implementations are used for semi-automated reading of power meters. This high-volume application is keeping IrDA transceivers in production. Lacking specialized electronics, many power meter implementations utilize a bit-banged SIR phy, running at 9600 BAUD using a minimum-width
244:
and 64 kB. Additionally, bigger blocks of data can be transferred by sending multiple frames consecutively. This can be adjusted with a parameter called "window size" (1–127). Finally, data blocks up to 8 MB can be sent at once. Combined with a low bit error rate of generally <10, that
252:
such that a signal is visible up to one meter away, but a receiver is not overwhelmed with brightness when a device comes close. In practice, there are some devices on the market that do not reach one meter, while other devices may reach up to several meters. There are also devices that do not
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communication is not feasible. The two devices that communicate simulate full-duplex communication by quickly turning the link around. The primary device controls the timing of the link, but both sides are bound to certain hard constraints and are encouraged to turn the link around as fast as
508:. To receive, an external interrupt bit is started by the start bit, then polled a half-bit time after following bits. A timer interrupt is often used to free the CPU between pulses. Power meters' higher protocol levels abandon IrDA standards, typically using
313:
On the IrLAP layer the communicating devices are divided into a "primary device" and one or more "secondary devices". The primary device controls the secondary devices. Only if the primary device requests a secondary device to send, is it allowed to do so.
459:
achieves at least four to ten times faster data transmission speeds by improving the efficiency of the infrared IrDA protocol. A 500 KB normal picture from a cell phone can be transferred within one second.
330:) is the third layer of the IrDA specifications. It can be broken down into two parts. First, the LM-MUX (Link Management Multiplexer), which lies on top of the IrLAP layer. Its most important achievements are:
341:
Second, the LM-IAS (Link
Management Information Access Service), which provides a list, where service providers can register their services so other devices can access these services by querying the LM-IAS.
248:
IrDA transceivers communicate with infrared pulses (samples) in a cone that extends at least 15 degrees half angle off center. The IrDA physical specifications require the lower and upper limits of
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512:
instead. With IrDA transceivers (a package combining an IR LED and PIN diode), even this crude IrDA SIR is extremely resistant to external optical noise from incandescents, sunlight, etc.
491:) is a wireless payment standard developed by the Infrared Data Association. It was thought to be logical because of the excellent privacy of IrDA, which does not pass through walls.
500:
pulse (i.e. 3/16 of a 115.2KBAUD pulse) to save energy. To drive the LED, a computer-controlled pin is turned on and off at the right time. Cross-talk from the LED to the receiving
528:, favored because they don't need a direct line of sight and can therefore support hardware like mice and keyboards. It is still used in some environments where interference makes
253:
tolerate extreme closeness. The typical sweet spot for IrDA communications is from 5 to 60 cm (2.0 to 23.6 in) away from a transceiver, in the center of the cone. IrDA
520:
IrDA was popular on PDAs, laptops and some desktops from the late 1990s through the early 2000s. However, it has been displaced by other wireless technologies such as
841:
745:
691:
476:) is to allow the millions of IrDA-enabled camera phones to wirelessly transfer pictures to printers, printer kiosks and flat-panel TVs.
846:
821:
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or even applications) between infrared devices. It lies on top of the Tiny TP protocol, so Tiny TP is mandatory for OBEX to work.
282:) is the second layer of the IrDA specifications. It lies on top of the IrPHY layer and below the IrLMP layer. It represents the
794:
620:
583:
836:
776:
716:
645:
432:) provides the possibility to connect an infrared device to a local area network. There are three possible methods:
746:
http://www.pentaximaging.com/about-us.aspx?p=press&pid=PENTAXANNOUNCESK-rDIGITALSLRANDNEW35MMLENS20100908174223
635:
89:
706:
141:, UART-like, 3/16 pulse. To save energy, the pulse width is often minimized to 3/16 of a 115.2KBAUD pulse width.
129:) is the physical layer of the IrDA specifications. It comprises optical link definitions, modulation, coding,
816:
603:
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mode because while transmitting, a device's receiver is blinded by the light of its own transmitter, and thus
536:
Bluetooth. For example, some Pentax DSLRs (K-x, K-r) incorporated IrSimple for image transfer and gaming.
448:
As IrLAN lies on top of the Tiny TP protocol, the Tiny TP protocol must be implemented for IrLAN to work.
637:
Wireless
Internet Applications and Architecture: Building Professional Wireless Applications Worldwide
555:
155:
93:
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The 10 GigaIR also define new usage models that supports higher link distances up to several meters.
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133:(CRC) and the framer. Different data rates use different modulation/coding schemes:
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communication could be very efficient compared to other wireless solutions.
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Infrared window (part of the device body transparent to infrared light beam)
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The frame size depends on the data rate mostly and varies between 64
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Transportation of large messages by SAR (Segmentation and
Reassembly)
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817:
Linux status of infrared devices (IrDA, ConsumerIR, Remote
Control)
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35:
822:
IrDA project of
Universidad Nacional de Colombia SIE board
682:"HP iPAQ h6300 Pocket PC review: HP iPAQ h6300 Pocket PC"
560:
408:) provides the exchange of arbitrary data objects (e.g.,
145:
138:
41:
365:
Flow control by giving credits to every logical channel
811:
705:
Lewis, Barry D.; Davis, Peter T. (27 October 2004).
303:
Establishing of a reliable bidirectional connection
306:Distribution of the primary/secondary device roles
771:; Knutson and Brown; MCL Press; 214 pages; 2004;
828:
479:
358:) lies on top of the IrLMP layer. It provides:
382:) lets the infrared device act like either a
300:Discovery of potential communication partners
842:Standards organizations in the United States
704:
578:
576:
337:Allows change of primary/secondary devices
137:SIR: 9.6–115.2 kbit/s, asynchronous,
34:
25:
180:GigaIR: 512 Mbit/s – 1 Gbit/s,
16:Industry consortium for the IrDA standard
633:
107:
573:
532:-based wireless technologies unusable.
293:The most important specifications are:
223:Speed: 2.4 kbit/s to 1 Gbit/s
829:
390:. It lies on top of the IrLMP layer.
127:Infrared Physical Layer Specification
92:are physically secure data transfer,
100:(BER) that makes it very efficient.
209:low-power to low-power: 0.2 m;
13:
762:
334:Provides multiple logical channels
212:standard to low-power: 0.3 m.
14:
858:
847:Organizations based in California
783:
328:Infrared Link Management Protocol
103:
694:from the original on 2023-05-31.
662:"Enterprise PDA phones reviewed"
601:http://irdajp.info/irsimple.html
380:Infrared Communications Protocol
795:List of official specifications
504:is extreme, so the protocol is
494:
463:
739:
725:
698:
674:
654:
627:
613:
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468:One of the primary targets of
144:MIR: 0.576–1.152 Mbit/s,
90:wireless optical communication
1:
812:Linux Infrared Remote Control
769:IrDA Principles and Protocols
708:Wireless Networks for Dummies
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309:Negotiation of QoS parameters
280:Infrared Link Access Protocol
199:Further characteristics are:
515:
485:Infrared Financial Messaging
480:Infrared Financial Messaging
7:
539:
451:
430:Infrared Local Area Network
236:Wavelength: 850–900 nm
10:
863:
345:
837:Infrared Data Association
556:List of device bandwidths
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82:Infrared Data Association
64:
56:
48:
33:
24:
20:Infrared Data Association
419:
317:
269:
220:Angle: minimum cone ±15°
116:
634:Beaulieu, Mark (2002).
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356:Tiny Transport Protocol
131:cyclic redundancy check
73:special interest groups
71:consisting of multiple
69:Non-profit organisation
170:UFIR: 96 Mbit/s,
160:VFIR: 16 Mbit/s,
113:
154:FIR: 4 Mbit/s, 4
111:
807:Linux Infrared HOWTO
255:data communications
206:standard: 2 m;
112:IrDA protocol stack
96:(LOS) and very low
21:
751:2011-09-27 at the
606:2013-04-12 at the
148:, 1/4 pulse, HDLC
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586:. Archived from
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763:Further reading
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753:Wayback Machine
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623:. 3 April 2001.
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406:Object Exchange
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784:External links
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777:978-0975389201
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590:on 2004-06-10.
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322:The mandatory
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297:Access control
274:The mandatory
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121:The mandatory
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104:Specifications
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98:bit error rate
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733:"Irdajp.info"
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718:9780764579776
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424:The optional
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398:The optional
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388:parallel port
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374:The optional
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350:The optional
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94:line-of-sight
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40:Infrared via
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588:the original
584:"About IrDA"
534:
519:
498:
495:Power meters
488:
484:
483:
473:
470:IrSimpleShot
469:
467:
464:IrSimpleShot
456:
455:
447:
440:Peer-to-peer
436:Access point
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239:
230:, no carrier
226:Modulation:
198:
150:bit stuffing
126:
122:
120:
85:
81:
79:
49:Abbreviation
546:Consumer IR
506:half-duplex
263:full-duplex
259:half-duplex
257:operate in
831:Categories
755:Pentax K-r
567:References
510:DLMS/COSEM
266:possible.
250:irradiance
522:Bluetooth
516:Reception
502:PIN diode
414:vCalendar
288:OSI model
166:HHH(1,13)
57:Formation
789:Official
749:Archived
692:Archived
621:"PC Mag"
604:Archived
540:See also
457:IrSimple
452:IrSimple
228:baseband
352:Tiny TP
346:Tiny TP
286:of the
203:Range:
775:
715:
644:
524:, and
444:Hosted
384:serial
376:IrCOMM
370:IrCOMM
194:8b/10b
176:8b/10b
801:Other
667:ZDNet
551:Li-Fi
530:radio
526:Wi-Fi
426:IrLAN
420:IrLAN
410:vCard
324:IrLMP
318:IrLMP
276:IrLAP
270:IrLAP
190:4-ASK
186:2-ASK
123:IrPHY
117:IrPHY
773:ISBN
713:ISBN
687:CNET
642:ISBN
489:IrFM
474:IrSS
401:OBEX
394:OBEX
182:NRZI
172:NRZI
86:IrDA
80:The
65:Type
60:1994
52:IrDA
561:RZI
386:or
162:NRZ
156:PPM
146:RZI
139:RZI
42:USB
833::
711:.
690:.
684:.
664:.
640:.
575:^
412:,
290:.
192:,
188:,
184:,
174:,
164:,
779:.
735:.
721:.
670:.
650:.
487:(
472:(
428:(
404:(
378:(
354:(
326:(
278:(
242:B
125:(
84:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
