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piety, religion, and morality: Therefore, To promote their happiness and to secure the good order and preservation of their government, the people of this commonwealth have a right to invest their legislature with power to authorize and require, and the legislature shall, from time to time, authorize and require, the several towns, parishes, precincts, and other bodies-politic or religious societies to make suitable provision, at their own expense, for the institution of the public worship of God and for the support and maintenance of public
Protestant teachers of piety, religion, and morality in all cases where such provision shall not be made voluntarily.
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380:, instead drafted its own version of a constitution and submitted it to the voters, who rejected it in 1778. That version did not provide for the separation of powers, nor did it include a statement of individual rights. The General Court then organized the election of delegates from each town to participate in a convention that would draft a constitution and submit their work to a popular vote with the understanding that its adoption would require approval by two-thirds of the voters. The constitutional convention met in
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explicit, and solemn compact with each other; and of forming a new constitution of civil government, for ourselves and posterity; and devoutly imploring His direction in so interesting a design, do agree upon, ordain and establish the following
Declaration of Rights, and Frame of Government, as the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
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And the people of this commonwealth have also a right to and do, invest their legislature with authority to enjoin upon all the subject an attendance upon the instructions of the public teachers aforesaid, at stated times and seasons, if there be any on whose instructions they can conscientiously and
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Article III. As the happiness of a people and the good order and preservation of civil government essentially depend upon piety, religion, and morality, and as these cannot be generally diffused through a community but by the institution of the public worship of God and of the public instructions in
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to draft the constitution and that trio delegated the drafting to John Adams alone. He later wrote that he constituted a "sub-sub committee of one". An article on religion was referred to members of the clergy, which resulted in a form of religious establishment entirely unlike that later adopted at
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The first three articles in
Chapter I, Section I,of the Massachusetts Constitution establishes the three primary branches of government; an executive, a bicameral legislature, and an independent judiciary. The design of this system, unique at the time, was created to ensure the proper separation of
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And all moneys paid by the subject to the support of public worship and of public teachers aforesaid shall if he require it, be uniformly applied to the support of the public teacher or teachers of his religious sect or denomination, provided there be any on whose instructions he attends; otherwise
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Article II. It is the right as well as the duty of all men in society, publicly and at stated seasons, to worship the
Supreme Being, the great Creator, and Preserver of the universe. And no subject shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the
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The end of the institution, maintenance, and administration of government, is to secure the existence of the body politic, to protect it, and to furnish the individuals who compose it with the power of enjoying in safety and tranquillity their natural rights, and the blessings of life: and whenever
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Adams's draft declaration of rights read in part: "All men are born equally free and independent..." Before being adopted by the constitutional convention it was revised to read: "All men are born free and equal..." At the insistence of Adams, the document referred to the state as a "commonwealth."
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The body politic is formed by a voluntary association of individuals: it is a social compact, by which the whole people covenants with each citizen, and each citizen with the whole people, that all shall be governed by certain laws for the common good. It is the duty of the people, therefore, in
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Article III continued by noting that "the happiness of a people" and "preservation of civil government" is explicitly tied to religion and morality. This article established the possibility of "town religions" by allowing the state legislature, though
Massachusetts cannot declare or recognize a
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Article I. All men are born free and equal and have certain natural, essential, and unalienable rights; among which may be reckoned the right of enjoying and defending their lives and liberties; that of acquiring, possessing, and protecting property; in fine, that of seeking and obtaining their
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We, therefore, the people of
Massachusetts, acknowledging, with grateful hearts, the goodness of the great Legislator of the universe, in affording us, in the course of His providence, an opportunity, deliberately and peaceably, without fraud, violence or surprise, of entering into an original,
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We must realize the theories of the Wisest
Writers and invite the People, to erect the whole Building with their own hands upon the broadest foundation. That this could be done only by conventions of representatives chosen by the People.... Congress ought now to recommend to the People of every
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The
Massachusetts Constitution was the last to be written among the initial thirteen U.S. states. It was unique in being structured with chapters, sections and articles, as opposed to being a list of provisions. It served as a model for the U.S. Constitution, drafted seven years later, both
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Provided, notwithstanding, That the several towns, parishes, precincts, and other bodies-politic, or religious societies, shall at all times have the exclusive right and electing their public teachers and of contracting with them for their support and maintenance.
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The people, inhabiting the territory formerly called the
Province of Massachusetts Bay, do hereby solemnly and mutually agree with each other, to form themselves into a free, sovereign, and independent body politic, or state by the name of THE COMMONWEALTH OF
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The next several
Articles within the "Part the First" in the original 1780 Constitution of Massachusetts called upon the people of the Commonwealth as being their "right as well as the duty of all men" (Article II) to a strong religious conviction and belief.
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In 1976 by amendment Article CVI, this article was amended to change the word "men" to "people". That amendment also added an additional sentence: “Equality under the law shall not be denied or abridged because of sex, race, color, creed or national origin.”
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The convention sat from September 1 to October 30, 1779. Its 312 members chose a committee of thirty members to prepare a new constitution and declaration of rights. That committee asked Adams to draft a declaration of rights. It appointed a subcommittee of
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And every denomination of Christians, demeaning themselves peaceably and as good subjects of the commonwealth, shall be equally under the protection of the law; and no subordination of any sect or denomination to another shall ever be established by
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was granted. However, the parishes remained beneficiaries of local taxes and were unable to expel dissident parishioners, since as residents they were members of the parish until they declared otherwise. Soon both dissident churches and the majority
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against Walker and was found guilty by a jury, which imposed a fine of 40/- (£2). In this manner, slavery lost any legal protection in Massachusetts, making it a tortious act under the law, effectively abolishing it within the Commonwealth.
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465:(whose slave name was "Bett"), a black slave owned by Colonel John Ashley, sued for her freedom based on this article. The jury agreed that slavery was inconsistent with the Massachusetts Constitution and awarded Freeman £5 in
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framing a constitution of government, to provide for an equitable mode of making laws, as well as for an impartial interpretation, and a faithful execution of them; that every man may, at all times, find his security in them.
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There are 121 Articles of Amendment that have been added to the Massachusetts Constitution. The most recent one places a 4% marginal tax on income over $ 1,000,000 and was approved by a vote of 52% to 48% in 2022.
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put forward by petition, the threshold is 25% of the members. In both cases, the calculation of the votes is based on the number of seats in the constitutional convention, not the members present or seated.
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increasingly recognized that this system was contrary to the voluntary nature of religious worship. This section of the constitution was amended by bipartisan consensus in 1834 at the same time that several
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manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his conscience, or for his religious profession or sentiments, provided he doth not disturb the public peace or obstruct others in their religious worship.
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sitting as one body, in each of two successive two-year legislative sessions, must provide the required number of votes, which varies according to how the proposed amendment comes before the convention.
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In the spring of 1775, Adams took the position that each state should call a special convention to write a constitution and then submit it to a popular vote. He told the Continental Congress that:
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Article III. The general court shall forever have full power and authority to erect and constitute judicatories and courts of record, or other courts, to be held in the name of the commonwealth...
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The number of certified signatures required on the petitions is 3% of the total vote cast for all candidates for governor (excluding blanks) at the immediately preceding state election.
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Colony to call such Conventions immediately and set up Governments of their own, under their own Authority; for the People were the Source of all Authority and the Original of all Power.
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Article II. No bill or resolve of the senate or house of representatives shall become a law, and have force as such, until it shall have been laid before the governor for his revisal...
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Massachusetts allows impeachment of government officials through the legislature. They can also disqualify convicted officials from ever holding any place within the commonwealth.
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540:. Until 1822 all residents of a town were required to belong to the parish church. In that year they were allowed to attend a neighboring town's church instead, and in 1824 full
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Male voters 21 years or older ratified the constitution and declaration of rights at the convention on June 15, 1780, and it became effective on October 25, 1780.
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the federal level. Adams advocated for an end to that establishment when revisions to the constitution were considered in 1820 and his views were adopted in 1832.
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Article I. The department of legislation shall be formed by two branches, a Senate and House of Representatives: each of which shall have a negative on the other.
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From 1780 to 1824 these democratically selected parish churches were considered the only churches with full legal rights, as "voluntary" churches ran against the
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these great objects are not obtained, the people have a right to alter the government, and to take measures necessary for their safety, prosperity and happiness.
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322:, description of the principles and framework of government, and articles of amendment. It is the highest legal authority in the state, subordinate only to the
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The Massachusetts Constitution is among the oldest functioning written constitutions in continuous effect in the world, predated only by sections of the
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442:"Part the First: A Declaration of the Rights of the Inhabitants of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts" consists of thirty articles. The first states:
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power between the different entities. The framers of the state constitution intended by this means to prevent the abuse of power by any one branch.
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a number of articles to a popular vote, resulting in the adoption of the first nine amendments and the rejection of a number of other proposals
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341:. Following its approval by convention delegates, it was approved by voters on June 15, 1780 and became effective October 25 of that year.
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it may be paid toward the support of the teacher or teachers of the parish or precinct in which the said sums of money are raised.
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745:, the Bay State's specific legal term for a public method for Massachusetts residents to affect Constitutional law, for example,
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required the Commonwealth to extend marriage rights to same-sex couples on an equal basis with different-sex couples.
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The title page and first articles, the Declaration of Rights, in the first published edition of the 1780 Constitution
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church out of local tax funds, with the town to determine by majority vote the denomination it would support as its
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The amendment process is governed by the 48th Article of Amendment to the Constitution, which establishes an
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Richard Samuelson, "John Adams and the Republic of Laws," in Bryan-Paul Frost and Jeffrey Sikkenga, eds.,
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Neem, Johann (2004). "The Elusive Common Good: Religion and Civil Society in Massachusetts, 1780–1833".
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structurally and substantively, and also influenced later revisions of many other state constitutions.
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The opening of the "Part the Second" lays down the official name of the State of Massachusetts.
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This article was the subject of a landmark case in 1781 before a Massachusetts court sitting in
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The Constitutional Convention of 1787: a comprehensive encyclopedia of America's founding
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of elected delegates (as opposed to those that are special sessions of the legislature):
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was composed a few years later, including some phrases near the end. It reads:
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The preamble of the constitution provided a model that was drawn on when the
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A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
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1207:, 1780 printed edition, appending an address given by convention president
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proposed by a legislator, the threshold is 50% of the members. If it is an
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1109:"Passage of the Mass. 'millionaires tax' amends the state's flat tax rate"
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For an amendment to be placed before the voters as a referendum, a state
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that requires action by the state legislature, followed by a referendum.
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Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics
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Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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Seasoned Judgments: The American Constitution, Rights, and History
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Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence
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Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (Full Text)
333:
of 1779, the document was primarily authored by American
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1780 establishments in the Province of Massachusetts Bay
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Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1780)
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Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1780)
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The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
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Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1917–1918
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Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1820–1821
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Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1779–1780
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The legislative body of Massachusetts, known as the
1205:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
296:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
33:Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
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1358:Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
1147:"The Constitutional Convention of Massachusetts"
971:Notes on the History of Slavery in Massachusetts
1243:
942:. Massachusetts Judicial Branch. Archived from
940:"John Adams and the Massachusetts Constitution"
696:Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853
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521:, to require towns to pay for the upkeep of a
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2118:Letters of Mrs. Adams, the Wife of John Adams
1904:United States presidential election 1788–1789
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1107:Chesto, Jon; Gerber, Dana (9 November 2022).
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493:This article was also the basis for the 2003
2164:Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace
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1025:, Slavery in the North. Retrieved 2010-05-22
2072:Presidential transition of Thomas Jefferson
1854:Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779
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1393:Office of Housing and Economic Development
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359:It has been amended 121 times as of 2022.
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2098:Massachusetts Historical Society holdings
1398:Office of Labor and Workforce Development
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2196:United First Parish Church and gravesite
2018:District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801
1554:Office of Campaign and Political Finance
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738:Charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company
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500:Goodridge v. Department of Public Health
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837:Liberty, Power, and Equality: A History
331:Massachusetts Constitutional Convention
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1534:Disabled Persons Protection Commission
1476:Massachusetts Probate and Family Court
1378:Department of Environmental Protection
974:. D. Appleton & Company. pp.
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924:History of American Political Thought
473:, a black slave, sued his master for
1952:United States Department of the Navy
1878:Constitution of Massachusetts (1780)
1413:Office of Public Safety and Security
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469:and her freedom. A few years later,
2723:State constitutions (United States)
1991:Sick and Disabled Seamen Relief Act
1723:U.S. Minister to the United Kingdom
1715:Vice President of the United States
1388:Office of Health and Human Services
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3080:Political history of Massachusetts
1501:Middlesex Probate and Family Court
769:State constitution (United States)
25:
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2431:"Adams and Liberty" campaign song
2301:Adams House at Harvard University
1597:Code of Massachusetts Regulations
1539:Massachusetts Appellate Tax Board
1529:Commission on the Status of Women
1524:Commission Against Discrimination
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1151:American Political Science Review
997:(First Paperback Edition). p. 220
246:Massachusetts Provincial Congress
88:Constitution of the United States
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1731:U.S. Minister to the Netherlands
1544:Massachusetts District Attorneys
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776:: within Massachusetts, one who
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1549:Massachusetts Inspector General
1145:Evans, Lawrence B. (May 1921).
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1047:. Commonwealth of Massachusetts
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752:Massachusetts Body of Liberties
682:, drew up the original document
2473:American Philosophical Society
2186:Presidents House, Philadelphia
2154:Adams National Historical Park
2103:Adams Papers Editorial Project
2082:Federal judiciary appointments
1866:Staten Island Peace Conference
1704:President of the United States
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1519:Board of Library Commissioners
1496:Essex Probate and Family Court
1418:Department of Public Utilities
1363:Department of Higher Education
1348:Treasurer and Receiver-General
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926:(Lexington Books, 2003), 120-1
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584:Part II, Chapter I, Section I
300:fundamental governing document
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1343:Secretary of the Commonwealth
1068:Journal of the Early Republic
1023:Emancipation in Massachusetts
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304:Commonwealth of Massachusetts
78:Commonwealth of Massachusetts
2479:Gazette of the United States
1837:Treaty of Amity and Commerce
1428:Department of Youth Services
1423:Department of Transportation
1041:"Massachusetts Constitution"
1012:, Volume 1, page 467 (2005).
896:"Massachusetts Constitution"
7:
3090:Government of Massachusetts
2306:Mount Adams (New Hampshire,
2238:Jefferson Memorial pediment
1815:Declaration of Independence
1743:Second Continental Congress
1408:Department of Public Health
1403:Department of Mental Health
1368:Emergency Management Agency
1246:Government of Massachusetts
1129:Massachusetts Legislature:
900:Massachusetts General Court
784:declared party affiliation.
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634:indirect initiative process
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378:Massachusetts General Court
306:, one of the 50 individual
154:Massachusetts General Court
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1984:Naturalization Act of 1798
1962:United States Marine Corps
1755:First Continental Congress
1092:Massachusetts Legislature
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667:Constitutional conventions
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350:Constitution of San Marino
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867:. ABC-CLIO. p. 693.
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3024:Northern Mariana Islands
2149:Early life and education
1282:House of Representatives
758:Instrument of Government
671:The state has held four
312:United States of America
2436:Adams' personal library
2399:(2006 documentary film)
2023:Navy Department Library
2013:Slave Trade Act of 1800
1996:Marine Hospital Service
1979:Alien and Sedition Acts
1974:Mississippi Organic Act
1957:Commerce Protection Act
1787:Continental Association
1782:Boston Massacre defense
1569:State Ethics Commission
1134:, accessed July 5, 2013
458:Brom and Bett v. Ashley
187:Supreme, Appeals, Trial
2441:American Enlightenment
2397:John and Abigail Adams
2378:(2002 animated series)
2003:Bankruptcy Act of 1800
1803:Thoughts on Government
1564:Massachusetts Sheriffs
1491:Supreme Judicial Court
1446:Boston Municipal Court
968:Moore, George (1866).
807:Levy, Leonard (1995).
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495:Supreme Judicial Court
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2564:Thomas Boylston Adams
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2159:John Adams Birthplace
1942:Quasi War with France
1883:Treaty of Paris, 1783
1383:Department of Revenue
834:Murrin, John (2011).
778:is registered to vote
733:Massachusetts Charter
653:legislative amendment
624:Articles of Amendment
616:Removal – impeachment
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563:conveniently attend.
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547:Congregational Church
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447:safety and happiness.
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438:Declaration of Rights
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337:and future president
320:declaration of rights
266:Massachusetts Charter
2360:The Adams Chronicles
1792:Petition to the King
1511:Independent agencies
861:Slomp, Hans (2011).
764:Law of Massachusetts
719:Massachusetts portal
657:initiative amendment
242:Commissioned by
159:Massachusetts Senate
132:Government structure
3034:U.S. Virgin Islands
2654:← George Washington
2537:Abigail Adams Smith
2492:American Revolution
2486:The American Museum
2331:Profiles in Courage
2243:U.S. Postage stamps
2228:John Adams Building
2038:Midnight Judges Act
2008:Indiana Organic Act
946:on October 19, 2013
743:Initiative petition
580:Frame of Government
384:in September 1779.
314:. It consists of a
2668:Thomas Jefferson →
2661:Thomas Jefferson →
2461:First Party System
2339:American Primitive
2044:Marbury v. Madison
1967:Convention of 1800
1842:Treaty of Alliance
1617:Capital punishment
1111:. The Boston Globe
1021:Harper, Douglass.
475:false imprisonment
27:State constitution
3085:Massachusetts law
3042:
3041:
2689:
2688:
2576:Charles Adams Sr.
2543:John Quincy Adams
2415:(2024 miniseries)
2407:(2015 miniseries)
2362:(1976 miniseries)
2217:List of memorials
2033:Treaty of Tripoli
2028:Treaty of Tellico
1825:Committee of Five
1655:
1654:
1192:Works related to
989:McCullough, David
874:978-0-313-39181-1
727:Mayflower Compact
542:religious freedom
463:Elizabeth Freeman
324:U.S. Constitution
310:that make up the
292:
291:
199:First legislature
16:(Redirected from
3102:
2998:Washington, D.C.
2992:Federal district
2716:
2709:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2678:
2677:
2612:Susanna Boylston
2602:(great-grandson)
2596:(great-grandson)
2590:(great-grandson)
2502:Founding Fathers
2451:Federalist Party
2391:2008 miniseries)
1871:Conference House
1859:Continental Navy
1758:
1746:
1734:
1726:
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453:Great Barrington
281:
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237:November 8, 2022
219:October 25, 1780
211:October 25, 1780
203:October 25, 1780
126:Single executive
115:October 25, 1780
97:October 30, 1779
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2626:(second cousin)
2570:George W. Adams
2508:
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2405:Sons of Liberty
2323:Popular culture
2318:
2285:President Adams
2252:(1783 painting)
2249:Treaty of Paris
2200:
2141:
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2124:Founders Online
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1820:May 15 preamble
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1767:Founding of the
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813:. p. 307.
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1456:Superior Court
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1183:
1182:External links
1180:
1177:
1176:
1157:(2): 214–232.
1137:
1132:Article XLVIII
1122:
1099:
1085:
1074:(3): 381–417.
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847:978-0495915874
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826:
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749:
747:Proposition 2½
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703:
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592:MASSACHUSETTS.
581:
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519:state religion
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84:Subordinate to
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50:
43:
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2:
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2972:West Virginia
2970:
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2877:New Hampshire
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2837:Massachusetts
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2628:
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2622:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:John Q. Adams
2586:
2583:
2582:John Adams II
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:Charles Adams
2556:
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2549:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2530:Quincy family
2528:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2522:Abigail Adams
2520:
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2466:republicanism
2464:
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2349:(1969 musical
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2333:(1964 series)
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2130:Gray v. Pitts
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1479:
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1471:Housing Court
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1209:James Bowdoin
1206:
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1196:at Wikisource
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2594:Henry Adams
2341:(1969 play)
2309:Washington)
1745:(1775–1778)
1733:(1782–1788)
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1706:(1797–1801)
1642:LGBT rights
1255:Legislative
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536:ideal of a
354:Magna Carta
216:First court
3049:Categories
2967:Washington
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2757:California
2638:first lady
2584:(grandson)
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2572:(grandson)
2551:presidency
2539:(daughter)
2386:(2001 book
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2354:1972 film)
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2224:(proposed)
2169:Peacefield
1947:XYZ Affair
1929:Presidency
1689:John Adams
1461:Land Court
1051:27 January
994:John Adams
789:References
534:Federalist
523:Protestant
398:John Adams
339:John Adams
287:Wikisource
262:Supersedes
256:John Adams
225:Amendments
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1897:Elections
1888:Diplomacy
1627:Elder law
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1276:President
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690:submitted
552:blue laws
382:Cambridge
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182:Judiciary
170:Executive
102:Presented
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2614:(mother)
2608:(father)
2497:patriots
2413:Franklin
2368:Liberty!
2140:Life and
1751:Delegate
1739:Delegate
1647:Taxation
1637:Gun laws
1632:Gambling
1612:Cannabis
1602:Abortion
1438:Judicial
1318:Governor
991:(2004).
705:See also
412:Preamble
352:and the
316:preamble
148:Chambers
138:Branches
111:Ratified
69:Overview
2982:Wyoming
2957:Vermont
2862:Montana
2802:Indiana
2782:Georgia
2777:Florida
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2424:Related
2077:Cabinet
1753:to the
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1607:Alcohol
1338:Auditor
1290:Speaker
1286:Members
1272:Members
1080:4141439
483:battery
479:assault
467:damages
363:History
302:of the
298:is the
193:History
94:Created
2917:Oregon
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2812:Kansas
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2730:States
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2205:Legacy
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1757:(1774)
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1268:Senate
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121:System
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2566:(son)
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2276:Adams
2258:Adams
2142:homes
2067:1800)
1622:Crime
1076:JSTOR
978:–201.
152:Two (
3019:Guam
2952:Utah
2907:Ohio
2807:Iowa
2526:wife
2347:1776
2292:USS
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2057:1798
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1322:List
1167:ISSN
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