494:, who were elected by the council for a six-year term. Half of the aldermen were elected every third year at the council's annual meeting. It was originally envisaged that the council would choose persons from outside of the municipal body. In practice, however, the aldermanic benches were almost exclusively filled by the promotion of long-serving councillors. The mayor of the borough was elected for a one-year term, although he was eligible for re-election indefinitely. Under the original legislation the mayor was required to be a councillor or alderman. The Municipal Corporations Act 1882 empowered the council to elect any suitably qualified inhabitant of the borough as mayor. However, the mayoralty continued to be almost universally conferred on a senior alderman or councillor.
42:
505:, and the November 1948 elections were postponed until May 1949. From that date, municipal elections were held on the second Thursday of May. In view of the forthcoming local government reorganisation, the 1972 elections were rescheduled to 4 May, with no elections in 1973 and all sitting councillors and aldermen holding their seats until midnight on 31 March 1974.
577:
district to cover a larger or smaller territory than the borough, in which case a separate local board was elected. The overlapping functions of borough councils, improvement commissioners and local boards were gradually consolidated. Many boroughs took over the functions of commissioners or separate local boards under the Public Health Act 1872, which established
476:
with perpetual succession, and included all registered electors or "burgesses" of the borough. However, the actual administration was carried out by a town council, which was in effect a committee representative of the community at large. All those eligible to vote were entered in the "burgess roll",
739:
into municipal elections. Wards were replaced by electoral areas, and the entire council was to be elected triennially. Separate elections of aldermen and councillors were ended, with all members of the council elected by popular vote. One-quarter of the elected members were entitled to the title of
694:
followed the example of the legislation in
England and Wales. Unlike the 1835 Act, the Irish Act abolished nearly all of the country's boroughs, reforming just 10. Inhabitants of the larger of the abolished boroughs or of any town with a population of 3,000 could petition the crown for incorporation
615:
The title of "borough" was considered to be more dignified than "urban district", and so many larger urban districts petitioned to be granted the status of a municipal borough, and many were granted this right. Borough status did not substantially increase local government powers, although municipal
576:
could also be established for providing infrastructure and overseeing public health. Where local board districts were created covering municipal boroughs the borough council was often, but not always, appointed to serve as the local board. In some places it was deemed necessary for the local board
440:
In 1873 the
Association of Municipal Corporations was formed to represent the interests of the boroughs collectively; its membership included both county and non-county boroughs. The AMC was later to be a strong advocate for expanding county boroughs and unitary local government, and it was at the
364:
to oversee many local affairs. The legislation required all municipal corporations to be elected according to a standard franchise, based on property ownership. The Act reformed 178 boroughs with effect from 1 January 1836. At the same time, a procedure was established whereby the inhabitant
485:
The town council of each municipal borough consisted of a mayor, aldermen, and councillors. The councillors were directly elected by the burgesses for a three-year term, with one-third of their membership retiring each year. Boroughs with a population of more than 6,000 were divided into
699:
received a charter of incorporation in 1846. The corporation and town council were identical in their constitution to the
English boroughs, and each borough was divided into wards with three, six or nine councillors per ward and one alderman for every three councillors.
568:
responsible for matters such as paving, lighting and cleaning streets, supplying water and providing sewers. These improvement commissioners continued to exist alongside the borough councils unless the commissioners chose to transfer their powers to the council.
420:
provided the statutory basis for municipal boroughs up to their abolition. An important change in the 1933 legislation removed the right to petition for incorporation from inhabitant householders. In future, petitions could only be made by existing urban or
334:. The majority had self-elected common councils, whose members served for life. Where there was an election, the incumbent members of the corporation often effectively nominated the electorate. Eleven boroughs were
581:, with borough councils usually being designated as the urban sanitary authority. There were a handful of exceptions where commissioners and local boards continued to operate alongside borough councils until the
432:
were not immediately abolished. Several of them subsequently sought new charters as municipal boroughs; those that did not were finally abolished in 1887 by the
Municipal Corporations Act 1886. Only the
406:
330:
was appointed in 1833 to investigate the various borough corporations in
England and Wales. In all 263 towns were found to have some form of corporation created by charter or in existence
466:
798:
Nine boroughs (four county boroughs and five municipal boroughs) were within the territory of the Irish Free State in 1922. Two new boroughs were created by statute. In 1930, the
1494:
348:
provided for a reformed form of town government, designated a municipal borough. The Act introduced a uniform system of town government in municipal boroughs, with an elected
608:
The non-county boroughs had more limited powers of self-government, and shared power with county councils. In 1894, towns which had not been incorporated as boroughs became
585:
required the remaining anomalies to be addressed; from 1889 all borough councils were sanitary authorities with powers to provide infrastructure and oversee public health.
1619:
497:
Municipal elections were originally held on 1 November, with the mayoral election and filling of aldermanic vacancies on 9 November. Elections were cancelled during the
829:
abolished municipal boroughs. County boroughs were replaced by statutory "cities", while the title of "borough" was retained for the other towns holding the status.
130:
1554:
1544:
285:
277:
564:
Municipal boroughs were not automatically given powers to provide or maintain infrastructure under the 1835 Act. Many boroughs were covered by separate bodies of
1593:
429:
281:
405:"anti-incorporationists". The Tory objections to the legality of the charters led to them boycotting elections to the new boroughs until the enactment of the
1487:
1258:
822:. This borough was later abolished in 1994. In 1937 the town of Galway was reconstituted as a municipal borough. It became a county borough in 1986.
525:, and holding various civil and criminal courts. The types of courts which could be held depended on whether the borough had been given a separate
670:
of the abolished boroughs were inherited by one of the new local authorities. District councils were permitted to apply for a charter to receive
46:
Map of municipal boroughs in 1971 (named in boldface text), alongside administrative counties, county boroughs, urban districts, rural districts
1565:
1480:
740:"alderman", which was used to designate the first candidates elected in each area. The remaining successful candidates being "councillors".
838:
514:
843:
691:
96:
1624:
935:
Edsall, Nicholas C. (March 1973). "Varieties of
Radicalism: Attwood, Cobden and the Local Politics of Municipal Incorporation".
767:
On establishment, Northern
Ireland contained the county boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry, with no municipal boroughs. The
465:; in this case "burgesses" became "citizens". In a handful of cities the chief magistrate was granted the further dignity of
437:
survived as a local authority in an unreformed state; the City undertook a major reform of its democratic structure in 2005.
1503:
671:
557:
whose duties included serving as returning officer. To fund their work the borough council was allowed to set and collect
853:
732:
704:
771:
abolished proportional representation in local government elections in 1922, and amended the 1840 Act in 1926, allowing
1364:
1340:
848:
609:
462:
17:
1575:
637:
412:
A number of further acts of parliament amended the 1835 legislation. All of these were repealed and replaced by the
1550:
1540:
1409:
Local
Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985, s. 5: Establishment of Borough of Galway as County Borough (
413:
345:
91:
888:
768:
744:
1348:
1049:
783:
522:
1455:
755:, which would remain in the United Kingdom, and the remainder, which left the United Kingdom in 1922 as the
1368:
1344:
1262:
779:
for a charter of incorporation. Accordingly, by 1972 the number of boroughs had increased to 12 in number.
776:
341:. Following the report of the royal commission, legislation was introduced to reform borough corporations.
1410:
1389:
682:, a special committee of district councillors, were formed to perpetuate the mayoralty of a town or city.
1012:
736:
558:
799:
377:, constituting the area a municipal borough. The attempts to incorporate large industrial towns such as
641:
518:
434:
790:. The city or borough status conferred by the municipal charters passed to the new district councils.
647:
The remaining municipal boroughs, of which there were over 200, were abolished on 1 April 1974 by the
1570:
1451:
826:
656:
648:
629:
598:
582:
565:
417:
136:
124:
772:
1430:
Local
Government (Reorganisation) Act 1985 (County Borough of Galway) (Appointed Day) Order 1985 (
815:
578:
526:
978:
1431:
1210:
1435:
1234:
1136:
868:
573:
446:
314:. These corporations were not popularly elected: characteristically they were self-selecting
307:
81:
1186:
1161:
1522:
748:
652:
542:
8:
1598:
253:
67:
1472:
1463:
1439:
1418:
1397:
1388:
Local
Government (Galway) Act 1937, s. 4: Formation of the Borough of Galway (
1376:
1352:
1066:
1029:
952:
908:
660:
605:
which were entirely self-governing and independent from county council administration.
394:
1329:
956:
803:
617:
546:
323:
63:
490:
with separate elections held in each ward annually. One-quarter of the council were
1062:
1058:
1021:
944:
900:
756:
752:
679:
675:
550:
530:
502:
442:
327:
303:
249:
237:
71:
811:
41:
1585:
1517:
1111:
1047:
Finlayson, G. B. A. M. (October 1966). "The Politics of Municipal Reform, 1835".
644:. Seven small boroughs in Cornwall, Devon and Shropshire underwent this process.
633:
498:
487:
331:
295:
221:
1560:
863:
858:
787:
602:
594:
473:
445:
called for a reform of all local government. This speech eventually led to the
422:
948:
891:(July 1842). "Statistics of the Municipal Institutions of the English Towns".
1613:
819:
533:; those which had their own quarter sessions were also required to appoint a
398:
374:
370:
311:
667:
457:
Each municipal borough possessed a corporation uniformly designated as the
349:
265:
695:
under the Act. In the event, only one additional borough was created when
712:
513:
The municipal boroughs created under the 1835 Act had powers relating to
335:
299:
261:
1459:
1414:
1393:
1372:
1033:
912:
538:
386:
378:
361:
338:
1070:
1086:
728:
390:
315:
1025:
904:
1163:
The Act for Promoting the Public Health, with notes and an appendix
1010:
Shaw, Albert (June 1889). "Municipal Government in Great Britain".
720:
491:
366:
357:
257:
786:
replacing all county and municipal boroughs as well as urban and
708:
696:
554:
549:
for parliamentary elections, except in those boroughs which were
534:
241:
782:
The system of local government was reorganised in 1973, with 26
807:
802:
was created by the amalgamation of the four urban districts of
793:
716:
382:
1239:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1890. p. xxxvi
461:
of the town. The only exception was where the borough enjoyed
724:
353:
319:
245:
1330:
Local Government (Northern Ireland) Act 1972 (N.I. 1972 c.9)
1215:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1879. p. 408
632:, small municipal boroughs could be absorbed by surrounding
1434:). Signed on 18 December 1985. Statutory Instrument of the
601:. Boroughs were divided into two sorts, with some becoming
402:
678:
with town councils headed by a town mayor. In a few cases
256:
from 1840 to 2002. Broadly similar structures existed in
131:
Local Government (Boundaries) Act (Northern Ireland) 1971
1502:
1304:
Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law
1166:(3rd ed.). London: Shaw and Sons. pp. 254–271
1138:
A familiar abridgement of the Municipal Corporation Act
1113:
A familiar abridgement of the Municipal Corporation Act
1236:
Nineteenth Annual Report of the Local Government Board
449:
recommending large unitary councils for all England.
286:
Boroughs incorporated in England and Wales 1882–1974
278:
Boroughs incorporated in England and Wales 1835–1882
616:boroughs above a certain size had the right to run
1620:Defunct types of subdivision in the United Kingdom
1320:Municipal Corporations Act (Northern Ireland) 1926
1212:Eighth Annual Report of the Local Government Board
290:
282:Unreformed boroughs in England and Wales 1835–1886
1283:Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840, C. 108
588:
27:Former type of British and Irish local government
1611:
597:were created across England and Wales under the
1184:
477:which was compiled by the town clerk annually.
401:"incorporationists" were bitterly contested by
992:The Process of Local Government Reform 1966–74
925:Municipal Corporations Act 1835 (C.76), S. 141
1488:
893:Journal of the Statistical Society of London
839:List of rural and urban districts in England
794:Irish Free State and the Republic of Ireland
1371:). Enacted on 21 December 1993. Act of the
1141:. London: Henry Butterworth. pp. 47–48
707:designated the six largest municipalities (
612:with similar powers to municipal boroughs.
1495:
1481:
1454:, s. 10: Local government areas (
1292:Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919, C. 19
844:List of rural and urban districts in Wales
545:. The mayor was also required to serve as
452:
441:annual conference of the AMC in 1965 that
40:
1261:. Wexford Borough Council. Archived from
1046:
692:Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840
97:Municipal Corporations (Ireland) Act 1840
1040:
979:Local Government Act 1933 (C. 51), S.129
887:
674:, while small municipal boroughs became
666:In most cases, the civic privileges and
553:, where the borough council appointed a
306:they had come under royal control, with
1458:). Enacted on 21 July 2001. Act of the
1413:). Enacted on 3 April 1985. Act of the
1392:). Enacted on 10 June 1937. Act of the
1347:). Enacted on 17 July 1930. Act of the
994:. George Allen & Unwin. p. 19.
881:
298:had existed in England and Wales since
14:
1612:
1005:
1003:
1001:
934:
407:Borough Charters Confirmation Act 1842
1476:
1159:
1134:
1109:
416:. The 1882 Act and the consolidating
260:from 1833 to 1975 with the reform of
1504:Borough status in the United Kingdom
1191:. London: Butterworths. pp. 2–3
1009:
989:
651:. In England, they were replaced by
271:
998:
854:Urban and rural districts (Ireland)
762:
733:Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919
705:Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898
24:
1365:Local Government (Dublin) Act 1993
1341:Local Government (Dublin) Act 1930
983:
849:Urban district (England and Wales)
25:
1636:
1185:Cunningham Glen, William (1873).
322:or were under the control of the
480:
318:, were nominated by tradesmen's
1551:Municipal Corporations Act 1882
1541:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
1445:
1424:
1403:
1382:
1358:
1334:
1323:
1314:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1251:
1227:
1203:
1178:
1153:
1128:
1103:
1094:
414:Municipal Corporations Act 1882
346:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
291:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
92:Municipal Corporations Act 1835
1625:Boroughs of the United Kingdom
1523:Metropolitan borough (England)
1302:"Review of Legislation 1922".
1188:The Public Health Act 1872 etc
1077:
972:
963:
928:
919:
769:Parliament of Northern Ireland
745:Government of Ireland Act 1920
589:County and non-county boroughs
459:Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses
430:boroughs unreformed by the Act
13:
1:
1594:Unreformed boroughs 1835–1886
1566:Metropolitan borough (London)
1050:The English Historical Review
874:
365:householders of a town could
252:from 1840 to 1973 and in the
1259:"History of Borough Council"
1063:10.1093/ehr/LXXXI.CCCXXI.673
623:
508:
7:
1116:. London: Henry Butterworth
1084:"The Municipal Elections".
1013:Political Science Quarterly
832:
737:proportional representation
10:
1641:
784:local government districts
731:) as county boroughs. The
685:
657:non-metropolitan districts
435:City of London Corporation
275:
248:between 1836 and 1974, in
240:district which existed in
159:2002 (Republic of Ireland)
1584:
1571:Local Government Act 1933
1531:
1510:
1452:Local Government Act 2001
1090:. 13 May 1949. p. 3.
949:10.1017/S0018246X00003721
827:Local Government Act 2001
649:Local Government Act 1972
630:Local Government Act 1958
599:Local Government Act 1888
583:Local Government Act 1888
566:improvement commissioners
418:Local Government Act 1933
214:
200:
183:
166:
146:
137:Local Government Act 2001
125:Local Government Act 1972
117:
103:
87:
77:
59:
55:Local government district
51:
39:
34:
1555:1882–1974 incorporations
1545:1835–1882 incorporations
800:borough of Dún Laoghaire
579:urban sanitary districts
375:charter of incorporation
153:1974 (England and Wales)
816:Killiney and Ballybrack
735:introduced a system of
640:, with the powers of a
527:commission of the peace
453:Corporation and council
156:1973 (Northern Ireland)
1160:Lawes, Edward (1851).
1135:Guppy, Robert (1835).
1110:Guppy, Robert (1835).
937:The Historical Journal
515:electoral registration
472:The corporation was a
1466: on 4 April 2023.
1462:. Retrieved from
1456:No. 37 of 2001, s. 10
1442: on 24 June 2021.
1438:. Retrieved from
1436:Government of Ireland
1421: on 24 June 2021.
1417:. Retrieved from
1400: on 24 June 2021.
1396:. Retrieved from
1375:. Retrieved from
1351:. Retrieved from
1100:The Times, 5 May 1972
869:Parliamentary borough
447:Redcliffe-Maud Report
276:Further information:
207:Municipal corporation
139:(Republic of Ireland)
82:Administrative county
1432:S.I. No. 425 of 1985
1390:No. 3P of 1937, s. 4
1369:No. 31 of 1993, s. 9
1345:No. 27 of 1930, s. 3
990:Wood, Bruce (1976).
543:justice of the peace
184:Possible status
1599:Seigneurial borough
1411:No. 7 of 1985, s. 5
1379: on 2016-08-05.
1355: on 2008-07-14.
1265:on 19 November 2007
254:Republic of Ireland
127:(England and Wales)
94:(England and Wales)
68:Republic of Ireland
1464:Irish Statute Book
1440:Irish Statute Book
1419:Irish Statute Book
1398:Irish Statute Book
1377:Irish Statute Book
1353:Irish Statute Book
676:successor parishes
572:From 1848 onwards
551:counties corporate
369:the Crown via the
352:, consisting of a
176:Non-county borough
133:(Northern Ireland)
1607:
1606:
1533:Municipal borough
751:in 1921, between
618:primary education
547:returning officer
503:Second World Wars
324:lord of the manor
272:England and Wales
234:municipal borough
230:
229:
118:Abolished by
64:England and Wales
35:Municipal borough
18:Municipal Borough
16:(Redirected from
1632:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1449:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1386:
1380:
1362:
1356:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1306:. Third Series.
1299:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1057:(321): 673–692.
1044:
1038:
1037:
1007:
996:
995:
987:
981:
976:
970:
967:
961:
960:
932:
926:
923:
917:
916:
889:Fletcher, Joseph
885:
775:to petition the
763:Northern Ireland
757:Irish Free State
753:Northern Ireland
680:charter trustees
659:and in Wales by
537:. The mayor was
531:quarter sessions
443:Richard Crossman
328:Royal commission
304:late Middle Ages
264:and creation of
250:Northern Ireland
238:local government
72:Northern Ireland
44:
32:
31:
21:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1586:Ancient borough
1580:
1527:
1506:
1501:
1471:
1470:
1450:
1446:
1429:
1425:
1408:
1404:
1387:
1383:
1363:
1359:
1339:
1335:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1045:
1041:
1026:10.2307/2139337
1008:
999:
988:
984:
977:
973:
968:
964:
933:
929:
924:
920:
905:10.2307/2980708
886:
882:
877:
835:
796:
788:rural districts
773:urban districts
765:
688:
634:rural districts
626:
610:urban districts
603:county boroughs
595:county councils
591:
511:
483:
455:
332:by prescription
310:established by
293:
288:
274:
226:
210:
196:
179:
162:
142:
113:
95:
88:Created by
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:County borough
1558:
1548:
1537:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1518:London borough
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1444:
1423:
1402:
1381:
1357:
1333:
1322:
1313:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1250:
1226:
1202:
1177:
1152:
1127:
1102:
1093:
1076:
1039:
1020:(2): 197–229.
997:
982:
971:
962:
927:
918:
879:
878:
876:
873:
872:
871:
866:
864:County borough
861:
859:Rural district
856:
851:
846:
841:
834:
831:
795:
792:
764:
761:
747:, Ireland was
687:
684:
672:borough status
642:parish council
638:rural boroughs
625:
622:
590:
587:
517:, providing a
510:
507:
482:
479:
474:body corporate
454:
451:
423:rural district
302:times. By the
292:
289:
273:
270:
236:was a type of
228:
227:
225:
224:
218:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
204:
202:
198:
197:
195:
194:
191:
187:
185:
181:
180:
178:
177:
174:
173:County borough
170:
168:
167:Possible types
164:
163:
161:
160:
157:
154:
150:
148:
144:
143:
141:
140:
134:
128:
121:
119:
115:
114:
112:
111:
107:
105:
101:
100:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1637:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1576:Rural borough
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1214:
1213:
1206:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1140:
1139:
1131:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
993:
986:
980:
975:
966:
958:
954:
950:
946:
943:(1): 93–107.
942:
938:
931:
922:
914:
910:
906:
902:
899:(2): 97–168.
898:
894:
890:
884:
880:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
830:
828:
823:
821:
820:County Dublin
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
791:
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
741:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
698:
693:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
621:
619:
613:
611:
606:
604:
600:
596:
586:
584:
580:
575:
570:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
506:
504:
500:
495:
493:
489:
481:Town councils
478:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
450:
448:
444:
438:
436:
431:
426:
424:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
371:privy council
368:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
342:
340:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:royal charter
309:
305:
301:
297:
287:
283:
279:
269:
267:
266:police burghs
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
223:
220:
219:
217:
213:
206:
205:
203:
199:
193:Royal borough
192:
189:
188:
186:
182:
175:
172:
171:
169:
165:
158:
155:
152:
151:
149:
145:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
120:
116:
109:
108:
106:
102:
98:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
78:Found in
76:
73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1532:
1511:Contemporary
1447:
1426:
1405:
1384:
1360:
1336:
1325:
1316:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1263:the original
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1235:
1229:
1217:. Retrieved
1211:
1205:
1193:. Retrieved
1187:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1162:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1137:
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1112:
1105:
1096:
1085:
1079:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1017:
1011:
991:
985:
974:
965:
940:
936:
930:
921:
896:
892:
883:
824:
797:
781:
766:
742:
702:
689:
668:coat of arms
665:
653:metropolitan
646:
627:
614:
607:
592:
574:local boards
571:
563:
512:
496:
484:
471:
458:
456:
439:
427:
411:
350:town council
343:
308:corporations
294:
262:royal burghs
233:
231:
215:Subdivisions
29:
1243:21 February
1219:21 February
1195:21 February
1170:21 February
1145:21 February
1120:21 February
749:partitioned
529:or its own
463:city status
373:to grant a
362:councillors
339:court leets
316:oligarchies
1614:Categories
1460:Oireachtas
1415:Oireachtas
1394:Oireachtas
1373:Oireachtas
1349:Oireachtas
1310:(3). 1924.
969:1842 C.111
875:References
743:Under the
636:to become
628:Under the
539:ex officio
467:lord mayor
425:councils.
387:Manchester
379:Birmingham
201:Government
1087:The Times
957:154140874
812:Kingstown
804:Blackrock
729:Waterford
661:districts
624:Abolition
593:In 1889,
521:, making
509:Functions
391:Sheffield
147:Abolished
99:(Ireland)
1367:, s. 9 (
1343:, s. 3 (
833:See also
777:Governor
721:Limerick
492:aldermen
367:petition
358:aldermen
336:manorial
300:medieval
296:Boroughs
258:Scotland
60:Location
52:Category
1269:14 July
1034:2139337
913:2980708
709:Belfast
697:Wexford
686:Ireland
555:sheriff
541:made a
535:coroner
523:byelaws
399:Radical
242:England
104:Created
1071:562019
1069:
1032:
955:
911:
814:, and
808:Dalkey
717:Dublin
383:Bolton
320:guilds
284:, and
1067:JSTOR
1030:JSTOR
953:S2CID
909:JSTOR
725:Derry
559:rates
519:watch
499:First
488:wards
354:mayor
246:Wales
222:Wards
1271:2008
1245:2024
1221:2024
1197:2024
1172:2024
1147:2024
1122:2024
825:The
727:and
713:Cork
703:The
690:The
501:and
428:The
403:Tory
397:and
395:Whig
389:and
360:and
344:The
326:. A
244:and
190:City
110:1835
1059:doi
1022:doi
945:doi
901:doi
818:in
655:or
393:by
1616::
1065:.
1055:81
1053:.
1028:.
1016:.
1000:^
951:.
941:16
939:.
907:.
895:.
810:,
806:,
759:.
723:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
663:.
620:.
561:.
469:.
409:.
385:,
381:,
356:,
280:,
268:.
232:A
70:,
66:,
1557:)
1553:(
1547:)
1543:(
1496:e
1489:t
1482:v
1308:6
1273:.
1247:.
1223:.
1199:.
1174:.
1149:.
1124:.
1073:.
1061::
1036:.
1024::
1018:4
959:.
947::
915:.
903::
897:5
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
