70:
96:
27:
861:
630:
39:
759:
345:
knew the surplice at least as early as the 12th century. It probably originated outside Rome, and was imported thence into the Roman use. Originally only a choir vestment and peculiar to the lower clergy, it gradually—certainly no later than the 13th century—replaced the alb as the vestment proper to
645:
came into fashion, it became convenient to have surplices constructed gown-wise, open down the front and buttoned at the neck, a fashion which still partially survives, notably at the universities. In general, however, the tendency followed continental influence, and curtailed the surplice's
606:, since it has no liturgical significance and originally formed a mere part of the clerical outdoor dress for high ranking or degree-holding clerics. Formerly the clergy only wore the surplice when conducting the service, and exchanged it during the sermon for the "black gown", i.e. either a
678:
In German
Lutheran and United Churches, where the black academic gown with preaching bands have commonly been in use since the early 19th century, the surplice is sometimes worn over the academic gown and preaching bands as a 'compromise' between the black gown, which has become a symbol of
640:
The traditional form of the surplice in the Church of
England survived from pre-Reformation times: a wide-sleeved, very full, plain, white linen tunic, pleated from the yoke, and reaching almost, or quite, to the feet. Towards the end of the 17th century, when large
204:
It seems most probable that the surplice first appeared in France or
England, from whence its use gradually spread to Italy . It is possible that there is a connection between the surplice and the Gallican or Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old
293:
and
Gerland also affirm, from the fact that its wearers formerly put it on over the fur garments formerly worn in church during divine service as a protection against the cold. The word derived its name from the Medieval Latin word
221:
in the second half of the eleventh century may have had a special influence upon the spread of the surplice. Among the
Augustinian Canons the surplice was not only the choir vestment, but also a part of the habit of the order.
328:
In all probability the surplice forms no more than an expansion of the ordinary liturgical alb, due to the necessity for wearing it over thick furs. The first documents to mention the surplice date from the 11th century: a
650:
churches, the surplices follow the style of the Roman cotta. Cottas may in some churches be worn by servers and members of the choir and clergy may wear surplices in services where they do not wear eucharistic vestments.
230:
did it become considerably shorter. In several localities it underwent more drastic modifications in the course of time, which led to the appearance of various subsidiary forms alongside the original type. For example:
225:
The surplice originally reached to the feet, but as early as the 13th century it began to shorten, though as late as the 15th century it still fell to the middle of the shin, and only in the 17th and 18th centuries in
309:
Some scholars trace the use of the surplice at least as far back as the 5th century, citing the evidence of the garments worn by the two clerics in attendance on Bishop
Maximian represented in the
893:
2595:
2424:
886:
602:
The clergy have employed as a distinctive mark the tippet or scarf mentioned above, a broad band of black stuff or silk worn stole-wise, but not to be confused with the
544:
retained the garment, and the advertisements and injunctions issued under her authority enforced its use, though they ordered the destruction of the "massing vestments"—
548:, albs, stoles and the like. Copes survived this destruction as they were not considered "superstitious," having no explicit symbolic formula like the other vestments.
626:
views, survives in comparatively few even of evangelical churches; however, preachers of university sermons retained the custom of wearing the gown of their degree.
879:
2228:
934:
551:
Until 1965, the surplice had remained, with the exception of the cope, the sole vestment authorised by law for the ministers, other than bishops, of the
2781:
2366:
238:
the surplice with slit arms or lappets (so-called "wings") instead of sleeves, often worn by organists today, due to the ease of maneuvering the arms
357:
do not use a surplice or any analogous vestment. Of the non-Roman
Catholic Churches in the West the surplice has continued in regular use in the
3542:
646:
proportions. The ample vestment with falling folds has thus in many churches given place to an unpleated garment reaching to the knee. In some
184:
traditions, the surplice often has shorter, closed sleeves and square shoulders. Anglicans typically refer to a Roman-style surplice with the
844:
2218:
2690:
1603:
2492:
2084:
521:
2698:
2774:
196:. English-speaking Catholics typically do not make the distinction between the two styles and refer to both as a "surplice".
3408:
2616:
1683:
1678:
2678:
2551:
1415:
1405:
3061:
1914:
412:
who are technically standing in for instituted acolytes for any liturgical service. It is often worn, for instance, by
241:
the surplice with not only the sleeves but the body of the garment itself slit up the sides, precisely like the modern
3557:
2708:
1630:
2767:
2523:
2477:
1477:
3472:
2318:
2174:
2059:
3306:
1855:
1291:
3432:
2349:
2089:
2079:
1573:
962:
180:
It was originally a long garment with open sleeves reaching nearly to the ground. As it remains in the
Western
266:
1287), they survive in various places to the present day. The latter two only appeared after the close of the
3025:
2646:
2588:
715:
and surplice (typically a full length Old
English style) with appropriate liturgical stole, and cassock and
3537:
3448:
3440:
2390:
2292:
3552:
3547:
3527:
3148:
1830:
1072:
679:
Protestantism among
Germans, and the traditional Christian symbol of white for grace and the sacrament.
3143:
2661:
2223:
1954:
1420:
865:
1927:
3416:
2791:
2419:
2414:
1780:
3456:
2983:
2667:
2576:
1489:
1399:
622:
movement, become almost completely obsolete. The "black gown", considered wrongly as the ensign of
69:
3504:
2606:
2487:
2398:
2337:
2248:
1650:
1284:
1134:
871:
2902:
2868:
2719:
2713:
2502:
2497:
2160:
2094:
1239:
596:
541:
537:
467:
314:
282:
wore these subsidiary forms of surplice. They came about partly under the influence of secular
3480:
3123:
2972:
2759:
2612:
2434:
1805:
1583:
1317:
770:
675:. The surplice is traditionally full-length in the arm and hangs at least down to the knee.
509:
3266:
3029:
2824:
2747:
2735:
2029:
1800:
1613:
1566:
1443:
1429:
1390:
1139:
1032:
513:
338:
289:
Lack of exact information obscures the older history of the surplice. Its name derives, as
166:
3399:
3395:
2820:
8:
3464:
3424:
3090:
3050:
2810:
2728:
2673:
2634:
2287:
2074:
1932:
1499:
1472:
1394:
924:
838:
255:
The first two of these forms developed very early; and, in spite of their prohibition by
3292:
1810:
3214:
3079:
3014:
2472:
2429:
2378:
2360:
2268:
2238:
1872:
1712:
1508:
1439:
1371:
1310:
525:
362:
227:
218:
3317:
3219:
2991:
2651:
2566:
2561:
2273:
2014:
1882:
1757:
1482:
1375:
1351:
1270:
1208:
1190:
580:
552:
173:
of white linen or cotton fabric, reaching to the knees, with wide or moderately wide
26:
1261:
3488:
3375:
3327:
3035:
2957:
2929:
2874:
2600:
2583:
2571:
2511:
2410:
2353:
2277:
2258:
2253:
2201:
2196:
2034:
1970:
1943:
1894:
1536:
1465:
1434:
1410:
1344:
1244:
970:
728:
603:
564:
556:
436:
401:
354:
290:
275:
251:, with a hole for the head, which necessitated the arms sticking out under the hem.
114:
100:
20:
235:
the sleeveless surplice, which featured holes at the sides to put the arms through
99:
portrait of abbess Joanna van Doorselaer de ten Ryen, in choir dress. Waasmunster
3184:
2934:
2919:
2816:
2656:
2622:
2482:
2384:
2332:
2233:
2148:
1815:
1707:
1531:
1280:
1223:
1169:
1107:
1077:
995:
985:
980:
941:
929:
910:
692:
688:
615:
378:
30:
Seminarian vested in a pleated Roman-style surplice with lace inserts, holding a
659:
Traditionally, the surplice is used for non-sacramental services, worn over the
278:, where numerous pictorial records attest its use. As a rule, however, only the
3532:
3496:
3245:
3240:
3194:
3096:
2961:
2556:
2466:
2328:
2191:
1737:
1717:
1695:
1690:
1658:
1608:
1504:
990:
975:
902:
647:
479:
417:
185:
54:
1275:
95:
3521:
3250:
3158:
3073:
3067:
3045:
3040:
2892:
2528:
2507:
2298:
2121:
2116:
1937:
1494:
1455:
1450:
1340:
1059:
1021:
833:
765:
409:
206:
84:
3370:
3271:
3235:
3168:
3138:
3118:
2996:
2953:
2855:
2741:
2703:
2684:
2243:
2127:
2019:
1959:
1949:
1795:
1702:
1640:
1561:
1356:
1306:
1087:
952:
816:
704:
366:
279:
181:
3365:
3085:
3056:
2795:
2546:
2460:
2403:
2138:
1922:
1840:
1825:
1785:
1747:
1673:
1515:
1049:
1043:
1027:
738:
716:
619:
607:
568:
494:
267:
210:
62:
43:
3162:
3297:
3199:
3189:
2517:
2263:
2155:
1963:
1845:
1775:
1732:
1663:
1183:
1179:
1146:
1114:
1037:
906:
642:
623:
214:
144:
3020:
2967:
2640:
2627:
2343:
2211:
2206:
2185:
2143:
1862:
1835:
1635:
1625:
1460:
1385:
1335:
1228:
1097:
1082:
1067:
947:
708:
696:
672:
576:
572:
475:
458:
As part of the choir dress of the clergy, it is normally not worn by
448:
377:
In the Roman tradition, the surplice (or "cotta") sometimes features
347:
330:
3360:
3355:
3342:
3332:
3133:
2914:
2829:
2453:
2372:
2307:
2009:
2004:
1985:
1904:
1593:
1578:
1380:
1213:
1174:
1092:
1015:
700:
668:
560:
545:
533:
506:
429:
413:
405:
392:, the alb itself being the symbol of the white garment received at
358:
322:
242:
162:
75:
31:
260:
192:(meaning "cut-off' in Italian), as it is derived from the cut-off
3385:
3302:
3209:
3204:
3113:
3007:
3002:
2908:
2898:
2887:
2848:
2044:
2024:
1850:
1742:
1722:
1556:
1364:
1360:
1265:
1249:
1218:
1102:
901:
712:
664:
660:
634:
588:
459:
444:
440:
425:
393:
382:
318:
310:
283:
271:
159:
50:
837:
3153:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2881:
2111:
1975:
1790:
1727:
1668:
1620:
1598:
1296:
1254:
860:
733:
695:
movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, particularly
682:
629:
592:
584:
532:
being practically regarded as the episcopal surplice. The more
529:
517:
483:
471:
397:
174:
58:
46:
2789:
3321:
3312:
3276:
3128:
2862:
2049:
1999:
1887:
1867:
1820:
1588:
1301:
1232:
421:
334:
256:
170:
88:
38:
123:
2923:
2281:
2133:
1898:
1752:
611:
536:
furiously assailed its use, but in spite of their efforts,
463:
452:
342:
248:
80:
3350:
1994:
1877:
389:
193:
132:
528:
of the church at "all times of their ministration", the
79:, the monastic clergy are wearing surplices over their
707:, many clergy are reclaiming not only the traditional
555:(for the question of the vestments prescribed by the "
428:
and never alone, nor is it ever gathered by a belt or
135:
120:
129:
126:
789:(8th ed.). London: W. Knott. pp. 176–177.
571:, all the "ministers" (including vicars-choral and
117:
2367:Historical roots of Catholic Eucharistic theology
3519:
447:for liturgical ceremonies or the celebration of
247:a sort of surplice in the form of a bell-shaped
618:. This custom has, however, as a result of the
516:in 1552, prescribed the surplice as, with the
486:, which is in fact a variant of the surplice.
455:is worn over the cassock, surplice and stole.
2775:
887:
804:. Minneapolis: Augsburg-Fortress. p. 30.
1058:
848:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
683:Paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements
19:For the 19th-century English racehorse, see
396:. As such, it is appropriately worn by any
2782:
2768:
2219:Communion and the developmentally disabled
894:
880:
784:
493:(sacred vestments), though it requires no
286:, but more particularly for convenience.
1604:Extraordinary minister of Holy Communion
832:
799:
711:vestments of alb and chasuble, but also
628:
388:The surplice is meant to be a miniature
94:
68:
37:
25:
2493:General Instruction of the Roman Missal
2085:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
321:; in this case, however, confusing the
199:
3520:
719:for a Liturgy or Service of the Word.
633:A school choir wearing surplices over
3543:History of clothing (Western fashion)
2763:
875:
815:Bastanier, Ernst Ferdinand Eberhard.
814:
763:
774:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
372:
259:here and there (for example that of
2679:Liturgical reforms of Pope Pius XII
2552:Anaphora of the Apostolic Tradition
819:[Against the Black Talar].
785:Cairncross, H; et al. (1935).
169:. The surplice is in the form of a
13:
482:)—instead, these clerics wear the
209:, which was superseded during the
14:
3569:
2709:Sacraments of the Catholic Church
853:
802:Altar Guild and Sacristy Handbook
337:(1050); and an ordinance of King
935:After the Second Vatican Council
859:
768:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
757:
451:outside of Mass. On occasion, a
350:and other sacerdotal functions.
274:, the second more especially in
113:
53:, white English-style surplice,
3473:Lutheran Hymnal with Supplement
1307:Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
3433:Evangelical Lutheran Hymn-Book
2090:General Roman Calendar of 1960
2080:General Roman Calendar of 1954
808:
793:
778:
751:
654:
595:have worn surplices since the
500:
1:
2647:Fourth Council of the Lateran
744:
270:: the first of them in South
3449:Evangelical Lutheran Worship
3441:Evangelical Lutheran Hymnary
2596:Dicastery for Divine Worship
2293:Thanksgiving after Communion
489:The surplice belongs to the
424:. It is usually worn over a
369:denominations among others.
7:
1073:Chapter and Conventual Mass
817:"Wider den schwarzen Talar"
800:Stauffer, Anita S. (2000).
722:
524:, the sole vestment of the
10:
3574:
2662:History of the Roman Canon
2224:Communion under both kinds
1955:Divine Worship: The Missal
663:, such as morning prayer,
381:decoration or embroidered
333:of the Synod of Coyaca in
18:
3394:
3341:
3285:
3259:
3228:
3177:
3106:
2981:
2840:
2813:(known as the Invocation)
2802:
2539:
2443:
2420:Priesthood of Melchizedek
2317:
2173:
2104:
2067:
2058:
1984:
1913:
1766:
1649:
1549:
1524:
1326:
1199:
1162:
1155:
1127:
1008:
961:
917:
346:the administering of the
3558:Roman Catholic vestments
3457:Lutheran Book of Worship
2694:(apostolic constitution)
2668:Lex orandi, lex credendi
2577:Eastern Catholic liturgy
1679:Candles and candlesticks
3505:Service Book and Hymnal
2973:Prayers of the Faithful
2841:The Service of the Word
2607:Ecclesia de Eucharistia
2399:Origin of the Eucharist
1135:Liturgical use of Latin
845:Encyclopædia Britannica
435:It may be worn under a
3178:Parts of the Sanctuary
2720:Sacrosanctum concilium
2714:Second Vatican Council
2503:Intercession of saints
2498:Holy day of obligation
2095:General Roman Calendar
764:Braun, Joseph (1913).
637:
542:Act of Uniformity 1558
315:Basilica of San Vitale
217:. The founding of the
158:, "fur garment") is a
104:
92:
85:St. Cuthbert's College
83:(original painting at
66:
35:
3481:Lutheran Service Book
2613:Eucharistic adoration
2435:Year of the Eucharist
1928:Ceremonial of Bishops
1345:prayer over the gifts
771:Catholic Encyclopedia
632:
98:
72:
41:
29:
3030:Memorial Acclamation
3026:Words of Institution
2825:Declaration of Grace
2748:Tra le sollecitudini
2736:Traditionis custodes
1614:Eucharistic Congress
1430:Memorial Acclamation
1391:Words of Institution
1140:Ecclesiastical Latin
1033:Pontifical High Mass
868:at Wikimedia Commons
420:and by non-clerical
365:, and among various
339:Edward the Confessor
200:Origin and variation
167:Western Christianity
3538:History of clothing
3465:The Lutheran Hymnal
3425:Common Service Book
2982:The Service of the
2811:Trinitarian formula
2803:Preparatory Service
2729:Summorum Pontificum
2674:Liturgical Movement
2635:Eucharistic miracle
2288:Spiritual communion
2075:Tridentine calendar
925:Pre-Tridentine Mass
581:collegiate churches
497:before it is worn.
325:with the surplice.
16:Religious vestments
3553:Lutheran vestments
3548:History of fashion
3528:Anglican vestments
3286:Liturgical objects
3260:Liturgical vessels
3215:processional cross
3080:Benedicamus Domino
3015:Eucharistic Prayer
2903:Responsorial Psalm
2809:Entrance hymn and
2473:Calendar of saints
2430:Transubstantiation
2379:Liturgical colours
2361:In persona Christi
2269:Reserved sacrament
2239:Frequent Communion
1873:Processional cross
1684:Triple candlestick
1509:Benedicamus Domino
1483:Communion antiphon
1372:Eucharistic Prayer
1262:Responsorial Psalm
638:
563:). And apart from
363:Anglican Communion
298:which divides into
228:Continental Europe
219:Augustinian Canons
105:
93:
67:
36:
3515:
3514:
3417:Christian Worship
3409:Christian Worship
3318:sacramental bread
3293:collection basket
2757:
2756:
2652:Gelineau psalmody
2589:effects of prayer
2567:Christian liturgy
2562:Catholic theology
2274:Sacramental bread
2169:
2168:
2015:Episcopal sandals
1883:Sacramental bread
1811:Collection basket
1545:
1544:
1406:texts and rubrics
1376:Canon of the Mass
1219:Entrance Antiphon
1209:Sign of the Cross
1191:Processional hymn
1123:
1122:
1004:
1003:
864:Media related to
839:"Vestments"
583:, as well as the
553:Church of England
534:extreme Reformers
373:Roman Catholicism
361:churches, in the
306:, "fur garment".
3565:
3489:Lutheran Worship
3396:Liturgical books
3328:sacramental wine
2958:Athanasian Creed
2875:Dominus vobiscum
2784:
2777:
2770:
2761:
2760:
2601:Council of Trent
2584:Christian prayer
2572:Catholic liturgy
2411:Passion of Jesus
2354:ex opere operato
2259:Infant communion
2254:Host desecration
2229:Eucharistic fast
2202:Closed communion
2197:Church etiquette
2065:
2064:
1971:Roman Pontifical
1944:Graduale Simplex
1915:Liturgical books
1895:Sacramental wine
1537:Recessional hymn
1466:Dona nobis pacem
1411:Canonical digits
1318:Universal Prayer
1245:Dominus vobiscum
1160:
1159:
1056:
1055:
971:Benedictine Rite
959:
958:
896:
889:
882:
873:
872:
863:
849:
841:
825:
824:
812:
806:
805:
797:
791:
790:
782:
776:
775:
761:
760:
755:
587:and scholars of
557:Ornaments Rubric
355:Eastern Churches
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
101:Roosenberg Abbey
49:wearing a black
21:Surplice (horse)
3573:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3511:
3390:
3337:
3281:
3255:
3224:
3173:
3102:
2977:
2935:Hymn of the day
2836:
2817:Penitential Act
2798:
2788:
2758:
2753:
2692:Missale Romanum
2657:Gregorian chant
2623:Dominicae Cenae
2535:
2483:Code of Rubrics
2445:
2439:
2415:salvific nature
2392:Mysterium fidei
2385:Mirae caritatis
2333:Blood of Christ
2320:
2313:
2234:First Communion
2176:
2165:
2149:Paschal Triduum
2100:
2060:Liturgical year
2054:
1988:
1980:
1909:
1816:Communion-plate
1768:
1762:
1708:Communion bench
1645:
1541:
1532:Leonine Prayers
1520:
1328:
1322:
1311:Apostles' Creed
1224:Penitential Act
1201:
1195:
1170:Vesting prayers
1151:
1119:
1078:Coronation Mass
1054:
1000:
996:Norbertine Rite
986:Cistercian Rite
981:Carthusian Rite
957:
944:(Ordinary Form)
942:Mass of Paul VI
930:Tridentine Mass
913:
911:Catholic Church
900:
856:
829:
828:
813:
809:
798:
794:
783:
779:
758:
756:
752:
747:
725:
693:emerging church
689:paleo-orthodoxy
685:
657:
616:academic degree
503:
416:when attending
408:, or indeed by
379:liturgical lace
375:
202:
116:
112:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3571:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3501:
3497:ReClaim Hymnal
3493:
3485:
3477:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3404:
3402:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3315:
3310:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3246:sanctuary lamp
3243:
3241:paschal candle
3238:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3195:altar crucifix
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3097:Ite, missa est
3093:
3088:
3083:
3076:
3071:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3038:
3033:
3011:
2988:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2962:Trinity Sunday
2951:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2911:
2906:
2896:
2890:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2819:including the
2814:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2792:Divine Service
2787:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2744:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2610:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2557:Ambrosian Rite
2554:
2549:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2521:
2514:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2467:versus populum
2457:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2396:
2388:
2381:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2347:
2340:
2338:Corpus Christi
2335:
2325:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2290:
2285:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2194:
2192:Concelebration
2189:
2181:
2179:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1957:
1947:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1718:Credence table
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1696:Sanctuary lamp
1693:
1691:Paschal candle
1688:
1687:
1686:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1659:Altar crucifix
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1617:
1616:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1505:Ite, missa est
1497:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1478:Holy Communion
1475:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1273:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
998:
993:
991:Dominican Rite
988:
983:
978:
976:Carmelite Rite
973:
967:
965:
956:
955:
950:
945:
939:
938:
937:
927:
921:
919:
918:Forms and uses
915:
914:
899:
898:
891:
884:
876:
870:
869:
855:
854:External links
852:
851:
850:
836:, ed. (1911).
834:Chisholm, Hugh
827:
826:
807:
792:
777:
749:
748:
746:
743:
742:
741:
736:
731:
724:
721:
684:
681:
656:
653:
648:Anglo-Catholic
502:
499:
374:
371:
302:, "over", and
296:superpellicium
253:
252:
245:
239:
236:
201:
198:
186:Medieval Latin
154:, "over" and
148:superpelliceum
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3570:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3251:votive candle
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:Postcommunion
3072:
3070:
3069:
3068:Nunc dimittis
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3041:Sign of peace
3039:
3037:
3036:Lord's Prayer
3034:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2893:Old Testament
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2790:Order of the
2785:
2780:
2778:
2773:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2542:
2538:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2488:Commemoration
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:Real presence
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2299:Anima Christi
2296:
2295:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2162:
2161:Ascensiontide
2159:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:Ordinary Time
2120:
2118:
2117:Christmastide
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1938:Roman Gradual
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1495:Postcommunion
1493:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1456:Sign of peace
1454:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1435:Lord's Prayer
1433:
1431:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1341:Orate fratres
1339:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:the Eucharist
1325:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1156:Order of Mass
1154:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1060:Ritual Masses
1057:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1022:Missa Cantata
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
949:
946:
943:
940:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
897:
892:
890:
885:
883:
878:
877:
874:
867:
862:
858:
857:
847:
846:
840:
835:
831:
830:
822:
818:
811:
803:
796:
788:
781:
773:
772:
767:
754:
750:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
680:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
652:
649:
644:
636:
631:
627:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:academic hood
519:
515:
511:
508:
498:
496:
492:
491:vestes sacrae
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:altar servers
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
301:
297:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
250:
246:
244:
240:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:Gallican Rite
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
161:
157:
153:
149:
146:
140:
110:
102:
97:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:
74:The Death of
71:
64:
60:
56:
55:academic hood
52:
48:
45:
40:
33:
28:
22:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3407:
3380:
3371:humeral veil
3236:altar candle
3107:Participants
3095:
3078:
3066:
3062:Distribution
3044:
3019:
3013:
3001:
2997:Sursum corda
2995:
2954:Nicene Creed
2913:
2880:
2873:
2861:
2856:Gloria Patri
2854:
2847:
2828:
2746:
2742:Stercoranism
2734:
2727:
2718:
2704:Pope Paul VI
2691:
2685:Mediator Dei
2683:
2666:
2639:
2621:
2605:
2516:
2465:
2459:
2452:
2446:and concepts
2394:(encyclical)
2391:
2383:
2371:
2359:
2352:
2342:
2306:
2297:
2244:Genuflection
2184:
2128:Septuagesima
2126:
2039:
2020:Humeral veil
1960:Sacramentary
1950:Roman Missal
1942:
1703:Chalice veil
1562:Altar server
1550:Participants
1398:
1384:
1357:Sursum corda
1108:Month's mind
1103:Requiem Mass
1088:Nuptial Mass
1042:
1020:
953:Anglican Use
843:
823:(in German).
820:
810:
801:
795:
787:Ritual Notes
786:
780:
769:
753:
705:Presbyterian
686:
677:
658:
639:
601:
550:
504:
490:
488:
457:
434:
387:
376:
367:Old Catholic
352:
327:
308:
303:
299:
295:
288:
280:lower clergy
263:
254:
224:
203:
189:
179:
155:
151:
147:
108:
106:
73:
57:, and black
3366:geneva gown
3086:Benediction
2796:Lutheranism
2617:benediction
2547:Agape feast
2461:Ad orientem
2444:Regulations
2404:Last Supper
2319:Eucharistic
2175:Eucharistic
2139:Passiontide
1923:Antiphonary
1841:Funghellino
1826:Evangeliary
1786:Aspergillum
1748:Purificator
1674:Antependium
1664:Altar rails
1516:Last Gospel
1416:Roman Canon
1175:Asperges me
1050:Votive Mass
1044:sine populo
1028:Solemn Mass
739:Choir dress
717:Geneva gown
655:Lutheranism
620:High Church
608:Geneva gown
597:Reformation
569:Holy Orders
510:Prayer Book
505:The second
501:Anglicanism
495:benediction
478:, and some
414:seminarians
268:Middle Ages
213:era by the
211:Carolingian
63:choir dress
3522:Categories
3298:holy water
3220:tabernacle
3200:altar rail
3190:altar bell
2833:on Easter)
2529:Lord's Day
2518:Pro multis
2264:Intinction
2249:Head cover
2177:discipline
2156:Eastertide
2030:Pontifical
1964:Lectionary
1846:Holy water
1776:Altar bell
1767:Liturgical
1758:Tabernacle
1733:Misericord
1327:Liturgy of
1200:Liturgy of
1184:Eastertide
1180:Vidi aquam
1147:Vernacular
1115:White Mass
1038:Papal Mass
907:Roman Rite
821:Quatemberg
766:"Surplice"
745:References
687:Among the
624:Low Church
573:choristers
512:, that of
476:monsignori
449:sacraments
348:sacraments
215:Roman Rite
160:liturgical
145:Late Latin
3343:Vestments
3091:Dismissal
3057:Agnus Dei
3051:elevation
3021:Epiclesis
2984:Eucharist
2968:Offertory
2821:Confiteor
2641:Fermentum
2628:Holy Hour
2478:Canon law
2344:Epiousion
2212:Canon 915
2207:Canon 844
2186:Abstemius
2144:Holy Week
2097:(current)
2068:Calendars
1986:Vestments
1933:Customary
1863:Manuterge
1836:Flabellum
1636:Subdeacon
1525:Post-Mass
1500:Dismissal
1490:Ablutions
1461:Agnus Dei
1400:anamnesis
1395:elevation
1386:epiclesis
1336:Offertory
1229:Confiteor
1098:Rose Mass
1083:Gold Mass
1068:Blue Mass
948:Zaire Use
866:Surplices
709:Eucharist
697:Methodist
673:Eucharist
577:cathedral
546:chasubles
538:Elizabeth
514:Edward VI
468:cardinals
182:Christian
3381:surplice
3361:dalmatic
3356:chasuble
3333:thurible
3267:ciborium
3134:crucifer
2915:Alleluia
2830:Asperges
2508:Ordinary
2454:Accentus
2413:and its
2373:Koinonia
2321:theology
2308:Viaticum
2040:Surplice
2010:Dalmatic
2005:Chasuble
1905:Thurible
1806:Crotalus
1801:Ciborium
1713:Corporal
1594:Crucifer
1579:Boat boy
1473:Fraction
1444:doxology
1440:embolism
1381:oblation
1285:sequence
1276:Alleluia
1214:Psalm 43
1202:the Word
1163:Pre-Mass
1128:Language
1093:Red Mass
1016:Low Mass
723:See also
701:Lutheran
671:without
669:Compline
635:cassocks
589:colleges
561:vestment
526:minister
507:Anglican
460:prelates
430:cincture
406:acolytes
383:bordures
359:Lutheran
323:dalmatic
304:pellicia
291:Durandus
284:fashions
243:dalmatic
163:vestment
156:pellicia
109:surplice
76:St. Bede
44:Anglican
32:thurible
3400:hymnals
3386:tunicle
3303:incense
3272:chalice
3229:Candles
3210:piscina
3205:kneeler
3114:Acolyte
3008:Hosanna
3003:Sanctus
2992:Preface
2922:during
2909:Epistle
2899:gradual
2895:reading
2888:Collect
2849:Introit
2540:Related
2512:Propers
2105:Periods
2045:Tunicle
2025:Pallium
1851:Incense
1831:Fistula
1796:Chalice
1769:objects
1743:Piscina
1723:Kneeler
1557:Acolyte
1421:history
1365:Hosanna
1361:Sanctus
1352:Preface
1271:Epistle
1266:Gradual
1250:Collect
909:of the
905:of the
713:cassock
665:Vespers
661:cassock
610:or the
585:fellows
520:or the
472:bishops
445:priests
441:deacons
426:cassock
402:lectors
394:Baptism
319:Ravenna
313:of the
311:mosaics
276:Venetia
272:Germany
175:sleeves
150:, from
61:as his
51:cassock
3508:(1958)
3500:(2006)
3492:(1982)
3484:(2006)
3476:(1989)
3468:(1941)
3460:(1978)
3452:(2006)
3444:(1996)
3436:(1912)
3428:(1917)
3420:(2021)
3412:(1993)
3163:Priest
3159:Pastor
3154:lector
3139:deacon
3124:cantor
3119:bishop
2948:Sermon
2944:Postil
2940:Homily
2930:Gospel
2882:Oremus
2869:Gloria
2524:Sunday
2112:Advent
1976:Tonary
1791:Censer
1728:Lavabo
1631:Priest
1626:Porter
1621:Lector
1599:Deacon
1584:Cantor
1574:Bishop
1567:female
1297:Homily
1292:Gospel
1255:Oremus
1240:Gloria
963:Orders
762:
734:Rochet
703:, and
667:, and
614:of an
593:chapel
565:clerks
559:" see
530:rochet
518:tippet
484:rochet
480:canons
422:choirs
398:cleric
257:synods
249:mantle
59:tippet
47:priest
3533:Gowns
3376:stole
3322:wafer
3313:paten
3277:cruet
3185:altar
3169:usher
3149:laity
3144:elder
3129:choir
2920:tract
2863:Kýrie
2699:Music
2350:Grace
2050:Vimpa
2035:Stole
2000:Amice
1888:wafer
1868:Paten
1821:Cruet
1781:Ashes
1651:Altar
1641:Usher
1609:Laity
1589:Choir
1302:Credo
1281:Tract
1233:Kyrie
1009:Types
729:Stole
604:stole
575:) of
462:(the
437:stole
400:, by
335:Spain
331:canon
300:super
264:circa
261:Liège
190:cotta
188:term
171:tunic
152:super
89:Ushaw
81:cowls
3398:and
3161:(or
2924:Lent
2901:(or
2827:(or
2823:and
2615:and
2510:and
2464:and
2331:and
2329:Body
2282:must
2280:(or
2278:wine
2276:and
2134:Lent
1962:and
1899:must
1897:(or
1753:Rood
1738:Pall
1669:Ambo
903:Mass
691:and
643:wigs
612:gown
579:and
464:pope
453:cope
443:and
418:Mass
404:and
353:The
343:Rome
3351:alb
3307:use
3046:pax
2960:on
2942:or
2794:in
1995:Alb
1878:Pyx
1856:use
1451:Pax
1309:or
1264:or
1182:in
591:in
567:in
540:'s
439:by
390:alb
317:at
194:alb
165:of
124:ɜːr
42:An
3524::
3043:/
3028:/
3024:/
3006:/
3000:/
2626:/
1507:/
1442:/
1397:/
1393:/
1389:/
1383:/
1363:/
1359:/
1343:/
1283:/
1231:/
842:.
699:,
599:.
474:,
470:,
466:,
432:.
385:.
341:.
177:.
143:;
107:A
91:).
87:,
3324:)
3320:(
3309:)
3305:(
3165:)
3053:)
3049:(
3032:)
3018:(
3010:)
2994:(
2964:)
2956:(
2950:)
2946:(
2926:)
2918:(
2905:)
2783:e
2776:t
2769:v
2284:)
1901:)
1374:/
895:e
888:t
881:v
139:/
136:s
133:ɪ
130:l
127:p
121:s
118:ˈ
115:/
111:(
103:.
65:.
34:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
