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109:"In accordance with their inherited calendars, birds get an urge to move. When migratory birds are held in captivity, they hop about, flutter their wings and flit from perch to perch just as birds of the same species are migrating in the wild. The caged birds ‘know’ they should be travelling too. This migratory restlessness, or Zugunruhe, was first described by
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204:, including oriented activity, suggesting that the endogenous mechanisms for migratory behaviour may be present even in a resident species. Further suggestions for endogenous programs are provided by observations that the number of nights on which
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144:(anxiety, restlessness). The word was first published in 1707, when it was used to describe the "inborn migratory urge" in captive migrants.
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Yokoyama K & DS Farner (1978). "Induction of
Zugunruhe by photostimulation of encephalic receptors in white-crowned sparrows".
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was generally believed to be found only in migratory species; however, a study of a resident species has shown low-level
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113:… interpreted Zugunruhe to be an expression of the migratory instinct in birds." --William Fiennes, ‘The Snow Geese’
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489:"Arrival Time from Spring Migration in Male Pied Flycatchers: Individual Consistency and Familial Resemblance"
178:. However, others have found that prolactin may merely be associated with lipogenesis (fat accumulation).
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have suggested that prolactin is involved in the pre-migratory hyperphagia (feeding), fattening and
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involves increased activity towards and after dusk with changes in the normal sleep pattern.
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is exhibited by caged migrants appears related to the distance of migration involved.
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during the normal migration period. When these animals are enclosed, such as in an
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Rattenborg NC, Mandt BH, Obermeyer WH, Winsauer PJ, Huber R, et al. (2004).
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Gwinner, Eberhard (1977). "Circannual rhythms in bird migration".
58:'migration-anxiety') is the experience of migratory restlessness.
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438:"Migratory Restlessness in an Equatorial Nonmigratory Bird"
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252:"Migratory Sleeplessness in the White-Crowned Sparrow (
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The avian migrant : the biology of bird migration
189:mechanisms associated with migration by studying
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226:"Avian Migration: The Ultimate Red-Eye Flight"
562:"Melatonin reduces migratory restlessness in
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97:serves to study the seasonal cycles of the
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566:warblers during autumnal migration"
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308:(2018). Accessed 30 January 2018.
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318:Rappole, John H. (11 June 2013).
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412:. Springer. p. 96.
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408:Peter Berthold (1996).
140:"move, migration," and
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212:References
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442:PLOS Biol
346:cite book
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206:Zugunruhe
202:Zugunruhe
198:Zugunruhe
191:Zugunruhe
183:endocrine
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168:Zugunruhe
153:Zugunruhe
123:Zugunruhe
118:Etymology
103:Zugunruhe
95:Zugunruhe
72:Zugunruhe
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492:(PDF)
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414:ISBN
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352:link
334:OCLC
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