37:
2079:
276:
583:
represents the "first important lexicographic advance" after this long period. He greatly simplified and rationalized the traditional set of radicals, introduced the principle of indexing graphs according to the number of residual strokes, and wrote characters in contemporary regular script instead
784:
and homophonic phonetic notation, initiating a "more scientific format" for displaying definitions from original through extended meanings, using the label 〇 to display characters with multiple pronunciations and meanings, and indicating characters that have multiple
382:. Each one begins with a grid diagram showing all the radicals included in the volume and their page numbers. This reference guide to the volumes made looking up characters more convenient than in the previous dictionaries.
447:". Definitions are for the most part brief and readily understandable, and reference to a text is almost always given by way of examples, generally from ancient books and partly from colloquial language.
432:
character entry comprised first the pronunciations including variants, and then the definitions, giving the primary meaning followed by common and extended meanings. In addition to using the traditional
673:, and arranging graphs belonging to a single radical according to the number of residual strokes, making finding character entries a relatively simple matter. To illustrate the inefficiencies of the
469:, and arranging graphs belonging to a single radical according to the number of residual strokes, making finding character entries a relatively simple matter. To illustrate the inefficiencies of the
789:, all of which are standard format elements in modern Chinese dictionaries. Third, radicals and character entries are classified in a more logical manner, as explained above. Fourth, the
451:
innovations in dictionary format, such as the arrangement of meanings, the use of plain language, and usage examples from informal language, made the book "exceptional at the time".
780:
as well as informal regular script characters, and gives the latter more significance than previously. Second, character entry presentation is improved by including both
1966:
575:, there were few advances in Chinese lexicography between the sixth and seventeenth centuries. Many dictionaries prior to the Ming Dynasty were modeled on the
443:
character, no doubt in recognition of the fact that it was "almost impossible for the average reader to derive correct current readings from Tang dynasty
1517:
1172:
733:
character entries are arranged according to the stroke number left after subtracting the respective radical, for instance, the characters under the
529:
character entries are arranged according to the stroke number left after subtracting the respective radical, for instance, the characters under the
267:
include "Compendium of
Characters", "Collection of Characters", "The Comprehensive Dictionary of Chinese Characters", and "Character Treasure".
1906:
413:俗字), both contemporary and early. Mei Yingzuo made his dictionary more easily accessible to the general literate public by using the current
1896:
317:, with three main appendices. "Differentiation" lists 473 characters with similar forms but different pronunciations and meanings, such as
1774:
584:
of ancient seal script. The importance of Mei's innovations is confirmed by the fact that they were promptly imitated by other Ming and
1936:
298:, including Mei Yingzuo's preface dated 1615, style guide, and appendices. For instance, the "Sequences of Strokes" shows the correct
793:
was the first
Chinese dictionary to integrate the main body and appendices into one whole, thus improving practicality for the user.
579:
540-radical format, and new dictionaries were generally no more than minor revisions and enlargements of older works. Mei
Yingzuo's
1165:
1081:
Zou Feng 邹酆 (1983), "Innovations in the
Compilation of The Comprehensive Dictionary of Chinese Characters", 《字集》在字典编纂法上的创新,
677:
system, only a few characters are listed under some radicals. For instance, its "man radical" 男, which compounds the modern
473:
system, only a few characters are listed under some radicals. For instance, its "man radical" 男, which compounds the modern
1946:
1886:
768:
The
Chinese scholar Zou Feng (邹酆) lists four major lexicographical format innovations that Mei Yingzuo established in the
1976:
924:
872:
851:
826:
655:
was "one the most innovative
Chinese dictionaries ever compiled" and it "changed the face of Chinese lexicography".
964:
635:, which soon became the standard dictionary of Chinese characters, and continues to be used widely today. After the
2106:
1916:
1158:
307:
995:
1014:
666:
462:
183:
57:
2101:
232:
71:
2082:
1926:
1572:
342:
1807:
843:
1851:
1150:
1818:
1112:
291:), with a comprehensive and integrated format that many subsequent Chinese dictionaries followed.
314:
1956:
224:
762:
558:
187:
173:
1870:
1144:
310:, and "Index of Difficult Characters" lists graphs whose radicals were difficult to identify.
1027:
1008:
974:
952:
916:
303:
333:. "Rectification" corrects misunderstandings of 68 characters commonly used in contemporary
2030:
1754:
1550:
1136:
421:, earlier Chinese dictionaries were arranged according to radicals written in the obsolete
765:" system remains one of the most common forms of Chinese lexicographic arrangement today.
561:" system remains one of the most common forms of Chinese lexicographic arrangement today,
8:
2111:
1618:
803:
Creamer, Thomas B.I. (1992). "Lexicography and the history of the
Chinese language"". In
772:, and which have been used in many dictionaries up to the present day (1983). First, the
2059:
1539:
1435:
1185:
1181:
334:
251:
161:
153:
295:
36:
2020:
1446:
1424:
1413:
1380:
920:
868:
847:
822:
2040:
1829:
1717:
1120:
814:
721:. The 214 radicals are arranged according to stroke number, from the single-stroke
571:
517:. The 214 radicals are arranged according to stroke number, from the single-stroke
406:
405:
Dictionary of
Standard Rhymes). The entries included common characters used in the
379:
102:
1796:
1640:
1587:
1561:
1457:
1128:
862:
837:
804:
777:
640:
359:
dictionaries shows the traditional hand representation of the four tone classes.
813:. Lexicographica. Series Maior, vol. 41. Max Niemeyer Verlag. pp. 105–135.
247:
243:
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959:
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250:
means "glossary; wordbook; lexicon; dictionary; vocabulary; (computing)
212:"gather together; assemble; collection; list". Early forms of the graph
734:
682:
625:(字彙補 "Zihui supplement"). The most important of the works based on the
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601:, written and originally published by Zhang Zilie (張自烈) as the 1627
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613:, then purchased by Liao Wenying (廖文英) and republished as the 1671
390:
45:
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1996:
1607:
1506:
1336:
435:
351:
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adopted Mei's 214-radical system, they have been known as the
279:
Traditional representation of the four tone classes on a hand.
1662:
1528:
1314:
168:
innovations that continue to be used in the present day: the
1369:
1230:
439:
spelling, Mei indicated pronunciation with a commonly used
302:, which is useful for students, "Ancient Forms" uses early
1091:
355:
pronunciation glosses. Note that the above image of early
985:
983:
909:
The
Historical Evolution of Chinese Languages and Scripts
454:
The best-known lexicographical advances in Mei
Yingzuo's
1053:
1051:
1967:
Lin Yutang's Chinese-English Dictionary of Modern Usage
1038:
1036:
864:
Chinese Lexicography: A History from 1046 BC to AD 1911
669:
for collating Chinese characters into the more logical
465:
for collating Chinese characters into the more logical
1063:
1000:
998:
980:
1048:
128:
114:
1033:
1019:
1017:
378:, collections) and numbered according to the twelve
370:
dictionary is divided into 12 volumes (2-13) called
933:
888:
1518:Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary
231:"gather together; collection", both of which, in
2093:
1085:辞书研究 5: 34–39, Shanghai Lexicographical Press.
658:The best-known lexicographical advances in the
176:Chinese characters, which replaced the classic
1878:
919:National East Asian Language Resource Center.
697:舅 ("uncle; brother in law"). In contrast, the
609:Disputations") supplemental correction to the
493:舅 ("uncle; brother in law"). In contrast, the
205:"character; script; writing; graph; word" and
1907:A Syllabic Dictionary of the Chinese Language
1166:
651:The author Thomas Creamer says Mei Yingzuo's
76:
62:
900:
409:and some popular or nonstandard characters (
1775:Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects
1075:
2078:
1173:
1159:
44:exhibit in the Chinese Dictionary Museum,
35:
1897:Medhurst's Chinese and English Dictionary
945:
1097:
1004:
989:
970:
939:
860:
569:With the possible exception of the 1324
274:
1069:
894:
802:
701:eliminates the "man radical" and lists
497:eliminates the "man radical" and lists
417:form of characters. Beginning with the
2094:
1057:
1042:
1023:
835:
810:History, Languages, and Lexicographers
164:). It is renowned for introducing two
1989:
1154:
776:includes both formal seal script and
1947:Concise Dictionary of Spoken Chinese
1887:A Dictionary of the Chinese Language
906:
1937:Mathews' Chinese–English Dictionary
13:
911:. Translated by Zhang Liqing 張立青.
14:
2123:
1106:
861:Yong, Heming; Peng, Jing (2008).
393:entries, most of which were from
287:dictionary comprises 14 volumes (
2077:
629:model was undoubtedly the 1716
617:. Another Qing dynasty scholar
233:the simplified character system
1977:ABC Chinese–English Dictionary
1495:
1490:
1486:
1208:
646:
643:rather than "Zihui radicals".
595:also formed the basis for the
198:The dictionary title combines
129:
115:
77:
63:
1:
1237:
956:字彙 "Collection of Characters"
796:
705:男 under the "power radical",
501:男 under the "power radical",
2083:List of Chinese dictionaries
1927:The Five Thousand Dictionary
1917:A Chinese–English Dictionary
308:Chinese character categories
223:), and it was borrowed as a
7:
1573:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian
907:Zhou, Youguang 周有光 (2003).
867:. Oxford University Press.
239:. In modern Chinese usage,
10:
2128:
1808:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Xuanying)
844:Cambridge University Press
662:are reducing the unwieldy
564:
458:are reducing the unwieldy
313:Volume 14 encompasses the
188:radical-and-stroke sorting
2075:
2012:
1869:
1852:Zhongguo Renming Dacidian
1843:
1788:
1753:
1586:
1482:
1203:
1199:
1192:
951:Ulrich, Theobald (2010),
693:甥 ("nephew; niece"), and
489:甥 ("nephew; niece"), and
428:The basic format of each
216:彙 depicted a "hedgehog" (
140:
122:
108:
101:
96:
92:
84:
70:
56:
34:
30:
23:
1819:Yiqiejing Yinyi (Huilin)
725:to the seventeen-stroke
521:to the seventeen-stroke
341:intended to explain the
263:English translations of
193:
58:Traditional Chinese
2107:Ming dynasty literature
1957:Grammata Serica Recensa
1083:Lexicographical Studies
270:
225:phonetic loan character
72:Simplified Chinese
2025:(Tangut; 12th century)
1225:(first millennium BCE)
836:Norman, Jerry (1988).
337:books. "Riming" gives
294:Volume 1 contains the
280:
1241: 3rd century BC
917:Ohio State University
819:10.1515/9783111341071
588:period dictionaries.
304:Chinese script styles
278:
160:scholar Mei Yingzuo (
2102:Chinese dictionaries
2031:Pentaglot Dictionary
1551:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian
1137:Chinese Text Project
1098:Yong & Peng 2008
1005:Yong & Peng 2008
990:Yong & Peng 2008
971:Yong & Peng 2008
940:Yong & Peng 2008
685:, only lists three:
481:, only lists three:
88:character collection
1619:Kanmiu Buque Qieyun
1145:The 214 Radicals 部首
621:published the 1666
306:to explain the six
2060:Han-Han Dae Sajeon
2013:In other languages
1540:Zhongwen Da Cidian
1436:Zhonghua Da Zidian
1186:Chinese characters
1184:for scripts using
763:radical-and-stroke
719:"mortar radical" 臼
671:214-radical system
667:540-radical system
559:radical-and-stroke
515:"mortar radical" 臼
467:214-radical system
463:540-radical system
281:
184:540-radical system
170:214-radical system
154:Chinese dictionary
16:Chinese dictionary
2089:
2088:
2071:
2070:
2021:Pearl in the Palm
2008:
2007:
1865:
1864:
1701:(c. 12th century)
1447:Xinhua Dictionary
1425:Shuowen Jiezi Zhu
1414:Kangxi Dictionary
1375:(c. 11th century)
1100:, p. 289–90.
735:"mouth radical" 口
727:"flute radical" 龠
689:男 ("man; male"),
683:"power radical" 力
679:"field radical" 田
531:"mouth radical" 口
523:"flute radical" 龠
485:男 ("man; male"),
479:"power radical" 力
475:"field radical" 田
227:for the word huì
144:
143:
136:
135:
103:Standard Mandarin
2119:
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2045:(Japanese; 1960)
2041:Dai Kan-Wa Jiten
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572:Zhongyuan Yinyun
507:"life radical" 生
407:Chinese classics
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778:clerical script
723:"one radical" 一
649:
641:Kangxi radicals
567:
519:"one radical" 一
399:Hongwu zhengyun
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85:Literal meaning
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1276:(2nd century)
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1271:Shuowen Jiezi
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928:
926:0-87415-349-2
922:
918:
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903:
896:
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885:
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876:
874:9780191561672
870:
866:
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855:
853:9780521296533
849:
845:
841:
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828:9783484309418
824:
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800:
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788:
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775:
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766:
764:
760:
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752:
749:and end with
748:
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736:
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724:
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684:
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675:Shuowen Jiezi
672:
668:
665:
664:Shuowen Jiezi
661:
656:
654:
644:
642:
638:
637:Kangxi Zidian
634:
633:
632:Kangxi Zidian
628:
624:
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616:
612:
608:
604:
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594:
589:
587:
582:
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577:Shuowen Jiezi
574:
573:
562:
560:
556:
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548:
545:and end with
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471:Shuowen Jiezi
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460:Shuowen Jiezi
457:
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438:
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419:Shuowen jiezi
416:
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252:character set
249:
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208:
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191:
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182:dictionary's
181:
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179:Shuowen Jiezi
175:
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38:
33:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2049:
2039:
2029:
2019:
1975:
1965:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1925:
1915:
1905:
1895:
1885:
1850:
1844:Biographical
1828:
1817:
1806:
1795:
1773:
1762:
1740:Peiwen Yunfu
1738:
1729:Qi Lin Bayin
1727:
1716:
1707:Menggu Ziyun
1705:
1696:Pingshui Yun
1694:
1683:
1672:
1661:
1650:
1639:
1628:
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1606:
1595:
1571:
1560:
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1324:
1313:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:
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1229:
1218:
1207:
1182:Dictionaries
1140:(in Chinese)
1132:
1124:(in Chinese)
1116:
1093:
1087:(in Chinese)
1082:
1077:
1070:Creamer 1992
1065:
966:
953:
947:
935:
908:
902:
895:Creamer 1992
890:
882:
881:
863:
838:
809:
790:
781:
773:
769:
767:
730:
717:舅 under the
714:
709:甥 under the
706:
702:
698:
694:
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686:
674:
663:
659:
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630:
626:
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614:
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590:
580:
576:
570:
568:
526:
513:舅 under the
510:
505:甥 under the
502:
498:
494:
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486:
482:
470:
459:
455:
453:
448:
444:
434:
429:
427:
418:
410:
398:
386:
384:
371:
367:
361:
356:
350:
312:
300:stroke order
296:front matter
293:
284:
282:
264:
262:
255:
240:
217:
213:
206:
199:
197:
177:
158:Ming Dynasty
148:
147:
145:
110:Hanyu Pinyin
41:
24:
18:
1822:一切經音義 (慧琳)
1811:一切經音義 (玄英)
1403:Zhengzitong
1348:Ganlu Zishu
1254:(c. 220 BC)
1249:Cangjiepian
1220:Shizhoupian
1193:Monolingual
1058:Norman 1988
1043:Norman 1988
1024:Norman 1988
913:Columbus OH
737:begin with
647:Innovations
615:Zhengzitong
598:Zhengzitong
533:begin with
441:homophonous
423:seal script
339:rime tables
315:back matter
2112:1615 books
2096:Categories
1789:Exegetical
1778:現代漢語方言大詞典
1265:(c. 40 BC)
1200:Characters
797:References
619:Wu Renchen
603:Zihui bian
343:four tones
186:, and the
124:Wade–Giles
1871:Bilingual
1755:Varieties
1685:Qiyin lüe
1576:现代汉语规范词典
1304:Xiao Erya
1260:Jijiupian
975:pp. 287-8
883:Footnotes
395:Song Lian
364:main body
146:The 1615
2063:(Korean)
1855:中國人名大辭典
1824:(c. 807)
1813:(c. 649)
1802:(c. 583)
1652:Guangyun
1602:(c. 230)
1597:Shenglei
1521:教育部國語辭典
1342:(c. 543)
1320:(c. 350)
1298:(c. 230)
1287:(c. 200)
1133:Zihui bu
761:. This "
681:and the
623:Zihui bu
557:. This "
477:and the
397:'s 1375
190:method.
174:indexing
46:Jincheng
1764:Fangyan
1674:Yunjing
1630:Tangyun
1622:刊謬補缺切韻
1554:现代汉语词典
1359:Leipian
1293:Guangya
1282:Shiming
1009:pp. 287
839:Chinese
807:(ed.).
605:(字彙辯; "
565:History
401:(洪武正韻,
366:of the
335:printed
260:2016).
130:Tzu Hui
2000:(1997)
1997:CEDICT
1990:Online
1981:(1996)
1971:(1972)
1961:(1957)
1951:(1947)
1941:(1931)
1931:(1926)
1921:(1892)
1911:(1874)
1901:(1842)
1891:(1823)
1857:(1921)
1780:(2002)
1745:(1711)
1723:(1324)
1679:(1161)
1668:(1037)
1657:(1008)
1608:Qieyun
1578:(2004)
1567:(1994)
1565:漢語大詞典
1556:(1978)
1545:(1968)
1543:中文大辭典
1534:(1938)
1523:(1926)
1512:(1915)
1507:Ciyuan
1474:(1994)
1463:(1989)
1461:漢語大字典
1452:(1957)
1441:(1915)
1439:中華大字典
1430:(1815)
1428:說文解字注
1419:(1716)
1408:(1627)
1397:(1615)
1386:(1254)
1381:Zitong
1364:(1066)
1337:Yupian
1326:Ziyuan
1028:p. 172
923:
871:
850:
825:
782:fanqie
757:, and
745:, and
729:. The
713:, and
553:, and
541:, and
525:. The
509:, and
445:fanqie
436:fanqie
403:Hongwu
352:fanqie
257:Wenlin
235:, are
50:Shanxi
1835:(997)
1833:龍龕手鑒
1800:經典釋文
1743:佩文韻府
1732:戚林八音
1721:中原音韻
1710:蒙古字韻
1663:Jiyun
1646:(780)
1644:韻海鏡源
1635:(732)
1624:(706)
1613:(601)
1529:Cihai
1483:Words
1472:中华字海
1450:新华字典
1417:康熙字典
1392:Zihui
1351:干祿字書
1315:Zilin
1274:說文解字
1117:Zihui
954:Zihui
791:Zihui
774:Zihui
770:Zihui
731:Zihui
707:sheng
699:Zihui
691:sheng
660:Zihui
653:Zihui
627:Zihui
611:Zihui
607:Zihui
593:Zihui
581:Zihui
527:Zihui
503:sheng
495:Zihui
487:sheng
456:Zihui
449:Zihui
430:Zihui
387:Zihui
368:Zihui
357:Zihui
285:Zihui
265:Zihui
241:zìhuì
194:Title
152:is a
149:Zìhuì
116:Zìhuì
42:Zihui
25:Zihui
1699:平水韻
1688:七音略
1588:Rime
1406:正字通
1370:Piya
1307:小爾雅
1263:急就篇
1252:倉頡篇
1231:Erya
1223:史籀篇
921:ISBN
869:ISBN
848:ISBN
823:ISBN
591:The
586:Qing
411:súzì
385:The
362:The
349:and
329:and
321:and
283:The
271:Text
172:for
1767:方言
1677:韻鏡
1666:集韻
1655:廣韻
1633:唐韻
1611:切韻
1600:聲類
1532:辭海
1510:辭源
1395:字彙
1384:字通
1373:埤雅
1362:類篇
1340:玉篇
1329:字苑
1318:字林
1296:廣雅
1285:釋名
1234:爾雅
1129:字彙補
815:doi
715:jiu
703:nan
695:jiu
687:nan
511:jiu
499:nan
491:jiu
483:nan
345:of
325:or
254:" (
246:or
218:wèi
214:huì
207:huì
162:梅膺祚
2098::
1496:cí
1493:;
1238:c.
1209:zì
1206:;
1135:,
1131:,
1119:,
1115:,
1113:字彙
1050:^
1035:^
1026:,
1016:^
1007:,
997:^
982:^
973:,
958:,
915::
846:.
842:.
821:.
753:,
741:,
549:,
537:,
425:.
372:ji
248:字彙
244:字匯
200:zì
78:字汇
64:字彙
48:,
1499:)
1491:词
1489:／
1487:詞
1485:(
1243:)
1236:(
1212:)
1204:字
1202:(
1174:e
1167:t
1160:v
1030:.
1011:.
977:.
942:.
929:.
897:.
877:.
856:.
831:.
817::
759:囖
755:囕
751:囔
747:句
743:古
739:卟
555:囖
551:囕
547:囔
543:句
539:古
535:卟
376:集
374:(
331:叚
327:段
323:剌
319:刺
289:巻
237:汇
229:匯
221:猬
210:彙
203:字
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