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of the days and nights were determined by the (varying) numbers of the quarters (passing in light and darkness). At the upper part of the machinery there were the top piece (thien ting), upper gear(-wheel or -wheels)(thien ya), upper linking device (thien kuan; another part of the escapement), upper (anti-recoil) ratchet pin (thien chih), celestial (ladder?) gear-box (thien tho), upper framework beam carrying bearings (thien shu), and the upper connecting-chain (thien thiao). There were also (on a celestial globe?) the 365 degrees (to show the movement of) the sun, moon, and five planets; as well as the Purple Palace (north polar region), the lunar mansions (hsiu) in their ranks, and the Great Bear, together with the equator and the ecliptic which indicated how the changes of the advance and regression of heat and cold depend upon the measured motions of the sun.
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se) and could no longer move automatically. Moreover, as during winter the water partly froze and its flow was greatly reduced, the machinery lost its exactness, and there was no constancy between the hot and cold weather. Now, therefore, mercury was employed as a substitute, and there were no more errors...The images of the sun and moon were also attached high up (to the globe) and according to the old method they had been moved by human hand (each day), but now success was attained in having them move automatically. This was a marvelous thing. (Chang) Ssu-Hsun was considered the equal of the Thang clock-makers and was made
Special Assistant in charge of the Armillary Sphere (Engine)(Ssu-Thien Hun I Chheng).
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lower wheel (ti lun), lower shaft (ti chu), and the framework base (ti tsu). There were also horizontal wheels (heng lun), (vertical) wheels fixed sideways (tshe lun), and slanting wheels (hsieh lun, i.e. oblique gearing); bearings for fixing them in place (ting shen kuan), a central coupling device (chung kuan) and a smaller coupling device (hsiao kuan)(i.e. the escapement); with a main transmission shaft (thien chu). Seven jacks rang bells on the left, struck a large bell on the right, and beat a drum in the middle to indicate clearly the passing of the quarter(-hours).
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200:) and presented the designs to the emperor Thai Tsung, who ordered artisans of the Imperial Workshops to construct it within the Palace. On a kuei-mao day in the first month of the 4th year (+979) the elaborate machine was completed, and the emperor caused it to be placed under the eastern drum-tower of the Wen-Ming Hall.
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in astronomy and mathematics, for this he was appointed to service in the national astronomical observatory (Si Tian Jian), within two years of taking office he had finished construction of an armillary sphere either in 977 or 979. As a result, he was rewarded as assistant to the
Astronomical Bureau.
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The motive power of the clock was water, according to the method which had come down from Chang Heng in the Han
Dynasty through I-Hsing and Liang Ling-tsan in the Khai-Yuan reign period (+713 to +741)(of the Thang). But the bronze and iron (of their clocks) had long gone to rust (thung thieh chien
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Each day and night (each 24 hours) the machinery made one complete revolution, and the seven luminaries moved their positions around the ecliptic. Twelve other wooden jacks were also made to come out at each of the (double-)hours, one after the other, bearing tablets indicating the time. The lengths
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The system of Chang Ssu-Hsun was as follows: they built a tower of three storeys (totalling) more than ten feet in height, within which was concealed all the machinery. It was round (at the top to symbolize) the heavens, and square (at the bottom to symbolize) the earth. Below there was set up the
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clocks had the same concern in mind when they employed the use of falling sand grains to push the wheel drive. The later Su Song wrote that after Zhang's death, no one could replicate what he had achieved, much like with Su Song himself and his astronomical
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in the closed circuit of the clepsydra and waterwheel instead of water, because water would freeze easily during winter, while mercury could assure smooth and continual function and time-keeping during the cold seasons.
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mechanism. Yet Zhang Sixun applied some innovative ideas of his own in order for his hydraulic-powered armillary sphere to function. His astronomical armillary sphere and clock was much like that of the later statesman
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At the beginning of the Thai-Phing Hsing-Kuo reign-period (+976) the
Szechuanese Chang Ssu-Hsun , a student in the Bureau of Astronomy, invented an astronomical clock (lit. armillary sphere,
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1109:(1049–1106)
1103:(1036–1093)
1097:(1020–1090)
1091:(1019–1079)
1085:(1000–1064)
1050:(1170–1231)
1044:(1140–1207)
1038:(1130–1200)
1032:(1127–1206)
1026:(1126–1193)
1024:Fan Chengda
1020:(1125–1209)
1001:(1085–1144)
995:(1084–1155)
993:Li Qingzhao
989:(1056–1121)
983:(1047–1126)
977:(1045–1105)
971:(1039–1112)
965:(1037–1101)
959:(1033–1107)
953:(1032–1085)
947:(1022–1077)
941:(1019–1086)
935:(1019–1083)
929:(1017–1073)
923:(1012–1067)
917:(1011–1077)
911:(1009–1066)
905:(1007–1072)
899:(1002–1060)
897:Mei Yaochen
824:Cizhou ware
701:Chancellery
696:Secretariat
624:Family tree
582:Diaoyucheng
192:spelling):
172:clock tower
127:Han dynasty
81:clock tower
45:Zhāng Sīxùn
20:Zhang Sixun
1519:Categories
1446:(972–1051)
1363:Pound lock
1289:Nanhai One
1246:Wang Anshi
1144:Su Hanchen
1107:Li Gonglin
1077:Zhao Chang
1073:(970–1053)
1071:Xu Daoning
1067:(960–1030)
1048:Zhao Rukuo
1030:Yang Wanli
939:Sima Guang
927:Zhou Dunyi
903:Ouyang Xiu
893:(998–1061)
887:(991–1055)
881:(989–1052)
612:Government
366:References
294:(4): 137.
190:Wade-Giles
150:escapement
123:Zhang Heng
97:escapement
93:waterwheel
62:astronomer
50:Wade–Giles
1437:Inventors
1314:Gunpowder
1223:Qian Xuan
1189:(12th c.)
1168:Liang Kai
1162:Zhao Boju
1101:Wang Shen
1083:Yi Yuanji
1079:(10th c.)
951:Cheng Hao
945:Zhang Zai
933:Zeng Gong
921:Cai Xiang
915:Shao Yong
839:Jian ware
802:Guan ware
792:Ding ware
587:Xiangyang
463:Later Shu
300:2096-0212
260:Liu, 577.
131:hydraulic
89:clepsydra
1475:Shen Kuo
1463:Jia Xian
1444:Bi Sheng
1368:Dry dock
1257:Banknote
1217:Gong Kai
1089:Wen Tong
1065:Fan Kuan
1058:Painters
1042:Xin Qiji
999:Zhu Bian
981:Cai Jing
957:Cheng Yi
807:Jun ware
777:Religion
648:Military
619:Emperors
550:Yancheng
535:Jingkang
446:Timeline
223:See also
185:Song Shi
139:Buddhist
76:for his
1481:Song Ci
1469:Su Song
1358:Compass
1238:Economy
1199:Li Song
1113:Cui Bai
891:Song Qi
885:Yan Shu
872:Writers
812:Ru ware
797:Ge ware
769:Society
765:Culture
570:Caizhou
560:Tangdao
442:History
155:Su Song
146:Yi Xing
85:mercury
1267:Guanzi
1262:Jiaozi
1095:Guo Xi
1036:Zhu Xi
1018:Lu You
1005:Zhu Yu
969:Su Zhe
963:Su Shi
909:Su Xun
782:Poetry
565:Caishi
435:topics
298:
165:Later
52::
42::
40:pinyin
34::
26::
1487:Li Ye
1272:Huizi
1156:Li Di
1126:Mi Fu
592:Yamen
545:De'an
245:Notes
198:hun i
1333:Coke
1211:Muqi
767:and
296:ISSN
292:2021
142:monk
137:era
1454:fl.
1178:fl.
1117:fl.
1009:fl.
375:,"
36:張思訓
28:张思训
1521::
347:^
308:^
290:.
286:.
265:^
253:^
48:;
38:;
30:;
1459:)
1452:(
1183:)
1176:(
1122:)
1115:(
1014:)
1007:(
709:)
705:(
448:)
444:(
425:e
418:t
411:v
302:.
22:(
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