279:
29:
301:) punched the program tapes, making programming and correcting programs for the machine much easier by the use of symbolic operations and memory cells. Numbers were entered and output as decimal floating-point even though the internal working was in binary. The machine had a large repertoire of instructions including square root, MAX, MIN and sine. Conditional tests included tests for infinity. When delivered to
1554:
305:
in 1950 the machine had a conditional branch facility added and could print on a
Mercedes typewriter. There were two program tapes where the second could be used to hold a subroutine. (Originally six were planned.)
1505:
1434:
LaForest, Charles Eric (April 2007). "2.1 Lukasiewicz and the First
Generation: 2.1.2 Germany: Konrad Zuse (1910–1995); 2.2 The First Generation of Stack Computers: 2.2.1 Zuse Z4".
798:
1468:
358:. But when it was presented to scientists of the AVA the roar of the approaching front could already be heard, so the computer was transported with a truck of the
1198:
1448:
327:, i.e. a limited partnership) and planned to manufacture 300 computers. This way he could also request additional staff and scientists as a contractor in the
1493:
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481:(although that never worked at the customer's site). Other computers, all numbered with a leading Z, were built by Zuse and his company. Notable are the
1089:
1761:
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677:
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1769:
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1153:
1542:
1820:
1584:
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385:, after coming back from a stay in the US where he inspected American computers, visited Zuse and the Z4. When he formulated a
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1026:
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for an addition, 3 seconds for a multiplication. Approximately 1000 floating point arithmetic operations on average an hour.
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857:
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638:
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as a test, Zuse immediately programmed the Z4 to solve it. Stiefel decided to acquire the computer for his newly founded
336:
290:
in its design but was significantly enhanced in a number of respects. The memory consisted of 32-bit rather than 22-bit
1652:
1080:
1252:"Automatic Computing Machinery: News – Institute for Applied Mathematics of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology"
763:
1339:
1205:
1059:
706:
243:
in April 1945, but not delivered before the defeat of Nazi
Germany, in 1945. The Z4 was Zuse's final target for the
1815:
1615:
1435:
1078:(October 1986). "Alwin Walther, IPM, and the Development of Calculator/Computer Technology in Germany, 1930–1945".
227:, and is the oldest surviving programmable computer. It was designed, and manufactured by early computer scientist
1592:
417:
1361:
390:
732:
1171:
1810:
1645:
1470:
Konrad Zuse und die
Schweiz. Wer hat den Computer erfunden? Charles Babbage, Alan Turing und John von Neumann
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803:
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583:
294:
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974:
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76:
1840:
1419:
402:
At least ZĂĽrich has an interesting nightlife with the rattling of the Z4, even if it is only modest.
328:
883:(2014-02-01). "Konrad Zuse und der bedingte Sprung" [Konrad Zuse and the conditional jump].
278:
1800:
1524:
1596:
802:(edited transscript of speech). Vol. 37. Computing Before Computers seminar, Science Museum:
1139:
588:
317:
also worked for Zuse as a secondary occupation. Also in 1944 Zuse transformed his company to the
124:
1444:
1285:
1014:
497:
1585:"Textual and pictorial description of the Z4: history, instruction set and hardware features"
1167:
1075:
386:
323:
310:
1569:
homepage from Horst Zuse (son of Konrad Zuse) with much information about the Zuse computers
1830:
69:
929:(2002). "Konrad Zuse's Z4: Architecture, Programming and Modifications at ETH Zurich". In
8:
965:
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239:, in 1942; though only partially assembled in Berlin, then completed in Göttingen in the
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To prevent it from falling into the hands of the
Soviets, the Z4 was evacuated from
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28:
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470:
469:, and the second digital computer in the world to be sold or loaned, beating the
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In 1955 the Z4 was sold to the French-German
Research Institute of Saint-Louis (
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from 1950 to 1955, also serving as the inspiration for the construction of the
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Programming: holes in 35 mm film stock, punched on a programming machine
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In 1944, Zuse was working on the Z4 with around two dozen people, including
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347:
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710:
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Output: Decimal floating point numbers, punch tape or
Mercedes typewriter
531:
373:
By 1947 it was possible for constants to be entered by the punched tape.
355:
240:
228:
104:
49:
1623:
266:, the first Swiss computer, created under the direction of ETH engineer
1611:
1127:
702:
394:
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259:
156:
149:
116:
1494:"Discovery: User Manual of the Oldest Surviving Computer in the World"
313:. Some engineers who worked at the telecommunications facility of the
485:, which was sold to the optics industry and to universities, and the
359:
1533:] (in German). Institut fĂĽr angewandte Mathematik, ETH ZĂĽrich.
556:
474:
186:
175:
1473:(in German). Vol. XXVI. Munich, Germany: Oldenbourg Verlag.
1616:"The Z4 Computer and the Zuse Apparatebau in Berlin (1940-1945)"
799:
Resurrection - The
Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society
765:
Turing's
Revolution: The Impact of His Ideas about Computability
552:
Memory: Mechanical memory from the Z1 and Z2 (64 words, 32 bit)
505:
451:
442:. The Z4 inspired the ETH to build its own computer (mainly by
439:
427:
343:
263:
38:
465:
In 1950/1951, the Z4 was the only working digital computer in
1360:. Office of Naval Research, Dept. of the Navy. 1953. p.
525:
478:
130:
1052:
Geschichten der
Informatik. Visionen, Paradigmen, Leitmotive
864:(NB. This is a translation of the original title in German
430:, where it was in use until 1959, under its technical head
354:(AVA, Aerodynamic Research Institute), which was headed by
1054:(in German). Berlin, Germany: Springer. pp. 93, 110.
919:
633:(3rd ed.). Springer. pp. 981, 1028, 1077, 1139.
645:(NB. This is the English translation of the German work "
350:. The Z4 was completed in Göttingen in a facility of the
1579:
Pictures of the Z4 at the ETH ZĂĽrich (with German text)
1042:
1040:
1038:
251:, it comprised a combination of mechanical memory and
1667:
1575:
English homepage from Horst Zuse (son of Konrad Zuse)
1298:
Schmitt, William F. (1988). "The UNIVAC SHORT CODE".
1021:(in German). Berlin, Germany: Springer. p. 198.
494:
Institut franco-allemand de recherches de Saint-Louis
1035:
755:
423:
Institut Franco-Allemand des Recherches de St. Louis
1160:
549:
Elements: (about) 2,500 relays, 21 step-wise relays
1199:"Kapitel 14 - Die ersten programmierbaren Rechner"
762:Sommaruga, Giovanni; Strahm, Thomas (2016-01-21).
734:Birthing the Computer: From Relays to Vacuum Tubes
1566:
1414:
1388:The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers
1090:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
540:Input: Decimal floating point numbers, punch tape
511:The Z4 was used for calculations for work on the
500:, close to Basel, and in 1960 transferred to the
1792:
1230:"Zuse Computer Model IV, at Zurich, Switzerland"
1068:
1120:
761:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
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477:by ten months, but in turn being beaten by the
1166:
960:
958:
939:The first Computers: History and Architectures
661:
659:
657:
426:(ISL, Franco-German Institute of Research) in
1653:
1437:Second-Generation Stack Computer Architecture
1424:Computer architecture: Concepts and evolution
1009:
1007:
1278:
1074:
865:
646:
607:
421:
335:'s Institute for Applied Mathematics at the
1519:
1428:Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.
955:
834:
832:
724:
654:
366:in southern Bavaria, where Konrad Zuse met
1660:
1646:
1190:
1152:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1004:
631:Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing
397:. It was delivered to ETH Zurich in 1950.
223:was arguably the world's first commercial
166:Decimal floating point numbers, punch tape
27:
1269:
1222:
987:
873:
782:
376:
1491:
1466:
1433:
1348:
1244:
829:
709:. Part 6: part6a, part6b. Archived from
695:
628:
420:, but it was instead transferred to the
277:
1378:
1357:A survey of automatic digital computers
1329:
1300:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
1297:
1046:
925:
730:
665:
1826:Computer-related introductions in 1945
1793:
964:
462:("Electronic Computing Machine ETH").
331:. Zuse's company also cooperated with
1641:
1392:Springer Science & Business Media
1196:
1013:
879:
850:Springer Science & Business Media
788:
434:. Today, the Z4 is on display in the
1821:German inventions of the Nazi period
1126:
1050:(2004). Hellige, Hans Dieter (ed.).
838:
530:Average calculation speed: 400
346:in February 1945 and transported to
1502:Association for Computing Machinery
546:Word length: 32 bits floating point
13:
1372:
1081:Annals of the History of Computing
1019:Historische Notizen zur Informatik
731:Kaisler, Stephen H. (2016-12-12).
707:"The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse"
555:Power consumption: (about) 4
14:
1852:
1560:
1197:Lippe, Wolfram M. (2010-04-13) .
989:10.1090/S0025-5718-1947-0022444-9
518:
391:Institute for Applied Mathematics
381:In 1949, the Swiss mathematician
297:. The Program Construction Unit (
1620:The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse
1610:
1492:Bruderer, Herbert (2020-09-21).
701:
460:Elektronische Rechenmaschine ETH
337:Technische Universität Darmstadt
148:Decimal floating point numbers,
1545:from the original on 2022-07-02
1508:from the original on 2022-07-02
1454:from the original on 2022-01-20
1420:Brooks, Jr., Frederick Phillips
1384:"Chapter IV: Zuse and Schreyer"
818:from the original on 2022-04-07
683:from the original on 2021-03-08
286:The Z4 was very similar to the
282:Electromagnetic relay of the Z4
273:
140:Mechanical, 32 bits word length
1541:. Exemplar Nr. 19, Hs 1517:1.
1426:. Boston, Massachusetts, USA:
867:Der Computer - Mein Lebenswerk
648:Meilensteine der Rechentechnik
352:Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt
1:
1836:Computers designed in Germany
1593:Technische Universität Berlin
1340:Die Z3 und Z4 von Konrad Zuse
1271:10.1090/S0025-5718-51-99443-4
1136:Computer Conservation Society
804:Computer Conservation Society
739:Cambridge Scholars Publishing
600:
584:History of computing hardware
418:Technische Universität Berlin
1806:Electro-mechanical computers
1443:(thesis). Waterloo, Canada:
7:
1539:10.7891/e-manuscripta-98601
1234:Digital Computer Newsletter
1204:(in German). Archived from
562:
524:Frequency: (about) 40
416:tried to obtain the Z4 for
107: 30,000 for five years
88:; 79 years ago
10:
1857:
1467:Bruderer, Herbert (2012).
1286:"Description of the BINAC"
1257:Mathematics of Computation
975:Mathematics of Computation
768:. Birkhäuser. p. 54.
629:Bruderer, Herbert (2021).
77:electromechanical computer
1676:
941:. MIT. pp. 263–276.
897:10.1007/s00287-013-0717-9
329:Emergency Fighter Program
247:design. Like the earlier
235:, for an order placed by
207:
197:
181:
170:
162:
144:
136:
123:
111:
100:
82:
65:
55:
45:
26:
1816:One-of-a-kind computers
1312:10.1109/MAHC.1988.10004
1172:"Obituary: Konrad Zuse"
1140:Science Museum (London)
1098:10.1109/MAHC.1986.10061
1015:Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig
676:(Lecture) (in German).
589:Reverse Polish notation
473:by five months and the
258:The Z4 was used at the
1668:Computers designed by
1589:Konrad Zuse's Computer
1526:Gebrauchsanweisung Z 4
1445:University of Waterloo
1168:Campbell-Kelly, Martin
1076:de Beauclair, Wilfried
866:
845:The Computer - My Life
647:
459:
422:
404:
377:Use after World War II
283:
400:
387:differential equation
324:Kommanditgesellschaft
311:Wilfried de Beauclair
281:
33:Z4 on display at the
16:German 1940s computer
1811:Mechanical computers
1394:. pp. 156–157.
966:Lyndon, Roger Conant
927:Speiser, Ambros Paul
794:"The Zuse Computers"
450:), which was called
1416:Blaauw, Gerrit Anne
1264:(33): 45–46. 1951.
1240:(1): 5. April 1951.
970:"The Zuse computer"
885:Informatik-Spektrum
23:
1521:Rutishauser, Heinz
1447:. pp. 8, 11.
651:" in two volumes.)
513:Grande Dixence Dam
362:to Hinterstein in
299:Planfertigungsteil
284:
237:Henschel & Son
129:@ (about) 40
101:Introductory price
72:, fully automatic
21:
1788:
1787:
1573:zuse.de {English}
1480:978-3-486-71366-4
1342:, Website of the
1028:978-3-540-85789-1
948:978-0-262-18197-6
454:, an acronym for
368:Wernher von Braun
253:electromechanical
217:
216:
1848:
1841:Serial computers
1662:
1655:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1622:. Archived from
1607:
1605:
1604:
1595:. Archived from
1553:
1551:
1550:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1488:
1483:. Archived from
1462:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1442:
1430:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1401:978-3-64296242-4
1366:
1365:
1352:
1346:
1344:Deutsches Museum
1336:Deutsches Museum
1333:
1327:
1326:
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1066:
1065:
1048:Petzold, Hartmut
1044:
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1002:
1001:
991:
982:(20): 355–359 .
962:
953:
952:
923:
917:
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877:
871:
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863:
859:978-3-54056453-9
836:
827:
826:
824:
823:
792:(Spring 2006) .
786:
780:
779:
775:978-3-31922156-4
759:
753:
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748:978-1-44389631-3
728:
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721:
719:
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699:
693:
691:
689:
688:
682:
675:
667:Schillo, Michael
663:
652:
650:
644:
640:978-3-03040973-9
626:
436:Deutsches Museum
425:
408:
233:Zuse Apparatebau
225:digital computer
96:
94:
89:
60:Zuse Apparatebau
35:Deutsches Museum
31:
24:
20:
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1855:
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1846:
1845:
1801:1940s computers
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1784:
1672:
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1629:
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1602:
1600:
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1563:
1548:
1546:
1531:User manual Z 4
1523:(Summer 1952).
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1373:Further reading
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1177:The Independent
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471:Ferranti Mark 1
432:Hubert Schardin
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185:Ca. 1,000
174:(about) 4
119:in a loan deal)
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1561:External links
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1556:(1+1+16 pages)
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1487:on 2012-02-03.
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1382:(2012-12-06).
1380:Randell, Brian
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1170:(1995-12-21).
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1130:(2010-11-18),
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852:. p. 81.
842:(1993-09-28).
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519:Specifications
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467:Central Europe
448:Eduard Stiefel
444:Ambros Speiser
414:Wolfgang Haack
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383:Eduard Stiefel
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292:floating point
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1624:the original
1619:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:the original
1588:
1547:. Retrieved
1530:
1525:
1510:. Retrieved
1497:
1485:the original
1469:
1456:. Retrieved
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1206:the original
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711:the original
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407:—Konrad Zuse
405:
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274:Construction
257:
232:
220:
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189:(2,200
153:
83:Release date
70:Programmable
56:Manufacturer
18:
1831:Konrad Zuse
1670:Konrad Zuse
1612:Zuse, Horst
1463:(178 pages)
1128:Zuse, Horst
1092:: 334–350.
931:Rojas, Rául
881:Rojas, RaĂşl
790:Rojas, RaĂşl
703:Zuse, Horst
498:Saint-Louis
356:Albert Betz
241:Third Reich
231:'s company
229:Konrad Zuse
198:Predecessor
50:Konrad Zuse
1795:Categories
1630:2008-07-26
1603:2008-07-26
1549:2022-07-02
1512:2022-07-02
1458:2022-07-02
1407:2022-07-02
1291:2008-07-26
1215:2010-06-21
1183:2011-02-04
822:2008-07-26
717:2010-05-15
692:(25 pages)
687:2010-06-21
601:References
395:ETH Zurich
303:ETH Zurich
260:ETH Zurich
157:typewriter
150:punch tape
117:ETH Zurich
112:Units sold
1498:BLOG@CACM
1324:The BINAC
1106:0164-1239
998:0025-5718
905:0170-6012
812:0958-7403
515:in 1950.
412:In 1954,
360:Wehrmacht
348:Göttingen
208:Successor
46:Developer
1543:Archived
1506:Archived
1449:Archived
1422:(1997).
1320:10189359
1148:citation
1114:15020276
1017:(2009).
968:(1947).
937:(eds.).
816:Archived
678:Archived
669:(2001).
563:See also
475:UNIVAC I
154:Mercedes
1567:zuse.de
1296:Citing
913:1086397
806:(CCS).
393:at the
319:Zuse KG
255:logic.
145:Display
91: (
74:digital
1781:(1943)
1773:(1942)
1765:(1961)
1757:(1963)
1749:(1963)
1741:(1961)
1733:(1955)
1725:(1955)
1717:(1953)
1709:(1945)
1701:(1941)
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1132:Speech
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506:Munich
456:German
452:ERMETH
440:Munich
428:France
344:Berlin
264:ERMETH
137:Memory
115:1 (to
39:Munich
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479:BINAC
295:words
171:Power
163:Input
1475:ISBN
1396:ISBN
1154:link
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