2182:
603:
579:) in 1960, replacing the previous name for the unit, "cycles per second" (cps), along with its related multiples, primarily "kilocycles per second" (kc/s) and "megacycles per second" (Mc/s), and occasionally "kilomegacycles per second" (kMc/s). The term "cycles per second" was largely replaced by "hertz" by the 1970s.
53:
1188:
provides prefixes for are believed to occur naturally in the frequencies of the quantum-mechanical vibrations of massive particles, although these are not directly observable and must be inferred through other phenomena. By convention, these are typically not expressed in hertz, but in terms of the
830:, which is an electrical voltage that switches between low and high logic levels at regular intervals. As the hertz has become the primary unit of measurement accepted by the general populace to determine the performance of a CPU, many experts have criticized this approach, which they claim is an
1209:
contains characters for common SI units for frequency. These are intended for compatibility with East Asian character encodings, and not for use in new documents (which would be expected to use Latin letters, e.g. "MHz").
731:
being 400–790 THz. Electromagnetic radiation with frequencies in the low terahertz range (intermediate between those of the highest normally usable radio frequencies and long-wave infrared light) is often called
834:. Some processors use multiple clock cycles to perform a single operation, while others can perform multiple operations in a single cycle. For personal computers, CPU clock speeds have ranged from approximately
422:
and radioactivity all have the dimension T, of these only frequency is expressed using the unit hertz. Thus a disc rotating at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm) is said to have an angular velocity of 2
520:
591:
479:
1397:
Although hertz is often said to imply cycle per second (cps), the SI explicitly states that "cycle" and "cps" are not units in the SI, likely due to ambiguity in the terms.
1644:
Pellam, J. R.; Galt, J. K. (1946). "Ultrasonic
Propagation in Liquids: I. Application of Pulse Technique to Velocity and Absorption Measurements at 15 Megacycles".
789:
1719:
362:
means "one hundred periodic events occur per second", and so on. The unit may be applied to any periodic event—for example, a clock might be said to tick at
1816:
582:
In some usage, the "per second" was omitted, so that "megacycles" (Mc) was used as an abbreviation of "megacycles per second" (that is, megahertz (MHz)).
1406:"(d) The hertz is used only for periodic phenomena, and the becquerel (Bq) is used only for stochastic processes in activity referred to a radionuclide."
1690:
278:
708:
is often described by its frequency—the number of oscillations of the perpendicular electric and magnetic fields per second—expressed in hertz.
358:). One hertz (i.e. one per second) simply means "one periodic event occurs per second" (where the event being counted may be a complete cycle);
1834:
1825:
747:
For historical reasons, the frequencies of light and higher frequency electromagnetic radiation are more commonly specified in terms of their
1519:
1490:
1623:
2157:
572:
568:
1348:
711:
Radio frequency radiation is usually measured in kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), or gigahertz (GHz). with the latter known as
1578:
1358:
719:
is electromagnetic radiation that is even higher in frequency, and has frequencies in the range of tens of terahertz (THz,
298:-133 atom" and then adds: "It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly
1873:
1596:
785:
335:." The dimension of the unit hertz is 1/time (T). Expressed in base SI units, the unit is the reciprocal second (1/s).
294:
periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the
1723:
2063:
238:
at which computers and other electronics are driven. The units are sometimes also used as a representation of the
1353:
882:
484:
2167:
1810:
1553:
117:
1882:
1328:
1185:
530:
184:
78:; that is, at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 flashes per second, respectively. The time between each flash – the
2211:
1694:
772:
are also described in Hertz. Current observations are conducted in the 30–7000 Hz range by laser
35:
1513:"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) § Appendix 1. Decisions of the CGPM and the CIPM"
2206:
1454:
855:
705:
645:
corresponds to a particular frequency. An infant's ear is able to perceive frequencies ranging from
452:
2121:
757:
2216:
2162:
1805:
870:
843:
807:
545:
becomes capitalised at the beginning of a sentence and in titles but is otherwise in lower case.
1866:
99:
24:
1843:
20:
1746:
1653:
613:
periodic phenomenon that may be analyzed in terms of frequency. Two cycles are illustrated.
427:
411:(also one per second) specifically refers to one radionuclide event per second on average.
212:
8:
2147:
1323:
781:
769:
733:
682:
378:
31:
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operating from 0.1–10 mHz (with some sensitivity from 10 μHz to 100 mHz), and
1771:
1373:
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2071:
1859:
1582:
1368:
1363:
1343:
1202:
626:
419:
387:
223:
1512:
1483:
800:
Further information on why frequency is a flawed speed indicator for computers:
537:
letter (Hz), but when written in full, it follows the rules for capitalisation of a
1669:
1661:
1333:
728:
564:
554:
415:
188:
407:(one per second) specifically refers to one cycle (or periodic event) per second,
1938:
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1190:
862:
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266:
243:
196:
1540:
2091:
2023:
1775:
1189:
equivalent energy, which is proportional to the frequency by the factor of the
866:
831:
801:
773:
560:
526:
208:
204:
163:
150:
1541:
NIST Guide to SI Units – 9 Rules and Style
Conventions for Spelling Unit Names
338:
In
English, "hertz" is also used as the plural form. As an SI unit, Hz can be
211:(1857–1894), the first person to provide conclusive proof of the existence of
2200:
2152:
2076:
2013:
2003:
1378:
752:
638:
606:
396:
339:
239:
216:
1600:
755:: for a more detailed treatment of this and the above frequency ranges, see
2096:
2053:
2038:
1993:
1973:
1890:
823:
642:
227:
200:
158:
1968:
1923:
827:
724:
630:
563:(1857–1894), who made important scientific contributions to the study of
538:
235:
1484:"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) § 2.3.1 Base units"
19:
This article is about the unit measure. For the car rental company, see
1674:
811:
748:
678:
674:
534:
382:
367:
1665:
219:: kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), gigahertz (GHz), terahertz (THz).
2033:
1948:
784:. Future space-based detectors are planned to fill in the gap, with
741:
712:
610:
595:
400:
180:
132:
58:
52:
1776:"The Unicode Standard 12.0 – CJK Compatibility ❰ Range: 3300—33FF ❱"
207:. It is used only in the case of periodic events. It is named after
1913:
1455:"SI Brochure: The International System of Units (SI) – 9th edition"
720:
634:
822:). This specification refers to the frequency of the CPU's master
602:
234:- and audio-related applications. It is also used to describe the
2101:
2086:
2028:
1958:
1953:
1903:
1206:
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443:
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277:
The hertz is defined as one per second for periodic events. The
2116:
2018:
1928:
1908:
1898:
192:
873:, also operate at various frequencies in the megahertz range.
222:
Some of the unit's most common uses are in the description of
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187:(SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or
215:. For high frequencies, the unit is commonly expressed in
2081:
2008:
1998:
1622:
Cartwright, Rufus (March 1967). Beason, Robert G. (ed.).
1828:
Optical frequency standard based on a single trapped ion
30:"Hz" and "Megahertz" redirect here. For other uses, see
122:
1720:"Black Hole Sound Waves – Science Mission Directorate"
1233:
203:
is s, meaning that one hertz is one per second or the
106: ); that is, 2, 1 and 0.5 seconds, respectively.
487:
455:
1439:
American
Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1714:
1712:
533:unit named for a person, its symbol starts with an
1770:
637:. Humans perceive the frequency of a sound as its
514:
473:
395:(1/s or s) in general or, in the specific case of
736:. Even higher frequencies exist, such as that of
2198:
1709:
1543:, National Institute of Standards and Technology
1518:(in British English and French) (9th ed.).
1489:(in British English and French) (9th ed.).
887:
279:International Committee for Weights and Measures
1449:
1447:
1418:are typically on the order of tens of terahertz
780:, and the nanohertz (1–1000 nHz) range by
1693:. Mmk.e-technik.tu-muenchen.de. Archived from
1688:
1227:
559:The hertz is named after the German physicist
342:; commonly used multiples are kHz (kilohertz,
1867:
1764:
1633:. Fawcett Publications, Inc. pp. 98–99.
1444:
700:
438:with the unit hertz and an angular velocity
2158:Historical definitions of the SI base units
744:, which can be measured in exahertz (EHz).
515:{\displaystyle f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}.}
1874:
1860:
1643:
1621:
573:General Conference on Weights and Measures
51:
1744:
1673:
1579:"SI brochure, Section 2.2.2, paragraph 6"
1546:
569:International Electrotechnical Commission
434:. The correspondence between a frequency
1846:Time and frequency Optical atomic clocks
1349:Normalized frequency (signal processing)
601:
589:
577:Conférence générale des poids et mesures
881:For examples of various multiples, see
281:defined the second as "the duration of
2199:
1359:Orders of magnitude (rotational speed)
764:
681:and other physical vibrations such as
617:
1855:
1835:National Research Council of Canada:
1826:National Research Council of Canada:
1811:National Research Council of Canada:
896:
893:
571:(IEC) in 1935. It was adopted by the
1624:"Will Success Spoil Heinrich Hertz?"
1441:(3rd ed.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
810:(CPU) are labeled in terms of their
366:, or a human heart might be said to
199:whose formal expression in terms of
1689:Ernst Terhardt (20 February 2000).
1178:Common prefixed units are in bold.
13:
1806:SI Brochure: Unit of time (second)
567:. The name was established by the
57:Top to bottom: Lights flashing at
14:
2228:
1799:
1745:Asaravala, Amit (30 March 2004).
1722:. science.nasa.go. Archived from
2181:
2180:
1738:
1682:
1646:The Journal of Chemical Physics
1637:
1615:
1589:
1409:
1354:Orders of magnitude (frequency)
883:Orders of magnitude (frequency)
876:
585:
2168:System of units of measurement
1844:National Physical Laboratory:
1571:
1534:
1505:
1476:
1431:
1400:
1391:
474:{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f}
1:
1425:
1329:Bandwidth (signal processing)
1186:International System of Units
826:. This signal is nominally a
792:in the 0.1–10 Hz range.
272:
230:, particularly those used in
185:International System of Units
1881:
1184:Higher frequencies than the
832:easily manipulable benchmark
795:
7:
1831:(archived 23 December 2013)
1317:
1234:
889:SI multiples of hertz (Hz)
723:) to a few petahertz (PHz,
10:
2233:
1747:"Good Riddance, Gigahertz"
1691:"Dominant spectral region"
1196:
880:
799:
552:
548:
36:Megahertz (disambiguation)
29:
18:
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2062:
1937:
1889:
1228:
1177:
916:
913:
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904:
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856:IBM Power microprocessors
706:Electromagnetic radiation
701:Electromagnetic radiation
525:The hertz is named after
156:
146:
138:
128:
116:
111:
50:
45:
2122:minute and second of arc
1599:. Iec.ch. Archived from
1384:
814:expressed in megahertz (
808:central processing units
758:Electromagnetic spectrum
661:can hear sounds between
257:is the photon's energy,
205:reciprocal of one second
2163:2019 revision of the SI
1840:(archived 27 June 2013)
1819:5 December 2021 at the
1631:Electronics Illustrated
869:connecting the CPU and
609:is an example of a non-
414:Even though frequency,
385:events is expressed in
1837:Optical frequency comb
614:
599:
598:with varying frequency
516:
475:
354:) and THz (terahertz,
261:is its frequency, and
25:Hertz (disambiguation)
23:. For other uses, see
1813:Cesium fountain clock
605:
593:
553:Further information:
517:
476:
428:frequency of rotation
213:electromagnetic waves
209:Heinrich Rudolf Hertz
21:Hertz Global Holdings
16:SI unit for frequency
2064:Other accepted units
782:pulsar timing arrays
485:
453:
86: – is given by
2148:Conversion of units
1658:1946JChPh..14..608P
1522:. 2019. p. 169
1493:. 2019. p. 130
1324:Alternating current
890:
838:in the late 1970s (
806:In computers, most
770:Gravitational waves
765:Gravitational waves
734:terahertz radiation
689:extends from a few
618:Sound and vibration
350:), GHz (gigahertz,
346:), MHz (megahertz,
112:General information
32:Hz (disambiguation)
2212:Units of frequency
1941:with special names
1772:Unicode Consortium
1585:on 1 October 2009.
888:
697:range and beyond.
615:
600:
512:
471:
426: rad/s and a
240:energy of a photon
224:periodic waveforms
195:. The hertz is an
2194:
2193:
2072:astronomical unit
1666:10.1063/1.1724072
1437:"hertz". (1992).
1416:Atomic vibrations
1369:Radian per second
1364:Periodic function
1344:Frequency changer
1203:CJK Compatibility
1182:
1181:
687:atomic vibrations
627:longitudinal wave
507:
420:angular frequency
388:reciprocal second
379:rate of aperiodic
179:) is the unit of
169:
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2207:SI derived units
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1697:on 26 April 2012
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1581:. Archived from
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1554:"BIPM – Table 3"
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555:Cycle per second
529:. As with every
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1652:(10): 608–614.
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802:Megahertz myth
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657:; the average
629:, which is an
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561:Heinrich Hertz
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527:Heinrich Hertz
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446:per second is
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393:inverse second
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2204:
2202:
2187:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:degree of arc
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1784:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1726:on 5 May 2021
1725:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1602:
1598:
1597:"IEC History"
1592:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1537:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1430:
1417:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1379:Sampling rate
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1300:
1285:
1270:
1255:
1240:
1236:
1224:SQUARE HERUTU
1213:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
981:
978:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
960:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
940:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
920:
900:
894:Submultiples
892:
884:
874:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
849:
845:
841:
833:
829:
825:
813:
809:
803:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
762:
760:
759:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
660:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
612:
608:
604:
597:
592:
583:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
556:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
509:
503:
500:
496:
491:
488:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
449:
448:
447:
445:
441:
437:
429:
421:
417:
412:
402:
398:
397:radioactivity
394:
390:
389:
384:
380:
375:
369:
341:
336:
316:
297:
280:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
249: =
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
228:musical tones
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:SI base units
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
165:
162:
160:
159:SI base units
155:
152:
149:
145:
141:
137:
134:
131:
127:
124:
121:
119:
115:
110:
105:
101:
95:
85:
81:
64:
60:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
26:
22:
2097:electronvolt
1978:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1812:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:
1766:
1754:. Retrieved
1750:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1699:. Retrieved
1695:the original
1684:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1630:
1617:
1605:. Retrieved
1601:the original
1591:
1583:the original
1573:
1561:. Retrieved
1548:
1536:
1524:. Retrieved
1507:
1495:. Retrieved
1478:
1466:. Retrieved
1461:
1438:
1433:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1200:
1183:
1173:quettahertz
1164:quectohertz
1051:
1046:
1027:
1022:
1003:
998:
979:
974:
877:SI multiples
860:
824:clock signal
805:
768:
756:
746:
727:), with the
710:
704:
643:musical note
621:
586:Applications
581:
576:
558:
542:
524:
439:
435:
413:
392:
386:
376:
337:
314:
276:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
236:clock speeds
221:
176:
172:
170:
129:Unit of
103:
93:
83:
79:
62:
40:
1783:Unicode.org
1675:1721.1/5042
1167:10 Hz
1158:10 Hz
1153:ronnahertz
1147:10 Hz
1144:rontohertz
1138:10 Hz
1133:yottahertz
1127:10 Hz
1124:yoctohertz
1118:10 Hz
1113:zettahertz
1107:10 Hz
1104:zeptohertz
1098:10 Hz
1087:10 Hz
1078:10 Hz
1067:10 Hz
1064:femtohertz
1058:10 Hz
1043:10 Hz
1034:10 Hz
1019:10 Hz
1010:10 Hz
995:10 Hz
992:microhertz
986:10 Hz
971:10 Hz
968:millihertz
962:10 Hz
957:hectohertz
951:10 Hz
948:centihertz
942:10 Hz
931:10 Hz
922:10 Hz
871:northbridge
850:) to up to
828:square wave
749:wavelengths
725:ultraviolet
659:adult human
631:oscillation
607:A heartbeat
539:common noun
372:1.2 Hz
360:100 Hz
310: hertz
147:Named after
118:Unit system
76:2.0 Hz
72:1.0 Hz
67:0.5 Hz
59:frequencies
2201:Categories
1891:Base units
1563:24 October
1526:2 February
1497:2 February
1426:References
1311:SQUARE THZ
1296:SQUARE GHZ
1281:SQUARE MHZ
1266:SQUARE KHZ
1084:attohertz
1073:petahertz
1040:picohertz
1016:nanohertz
937:decahertz
928:decihertz
914:SI symbol
905:SI symbol
897:Multiples
852:6 GHz
836:1 MHz
812:clock rate
742:gamma rays
713:microwaves
691:femtohertz
679:infrasound
675:ultrasound
663:20 Hz
647:20 Hz
611:sinusoidal
535:upper case
403:. Whereas
401:becquerels
383:stochastic
356:10 Hz
352:10 Hz
348:10 Hz
344:10 Hz
273:Definition
242:, via the
100:reciprocal
2034:steradian
1949:becquerel
1607:6 January
1251:SQUARE HZ
1205:block in
1093:exahertz
1052:terahertz
1028:gigahertz
1004:megahertz
980:kilohertz
844:Commodore
796:Computers
695:terahertz
693:into the
683:molecular
596:sine wave
504:π
497:ω
466:π
457:ω
432:1 Hz
409:1 Bq
405:1 Hz
364:1 Hz
217:multiples
181:frequency
175:(symbol:
133:frequency
2186:Category
2141:See also
1914:kilogram
1883:SI units
1817:Archived
1774:(2019).
1756:28 April
1701:28 April
1468:7 August
1318:See also
1308:㎔
1293:㎓
1278:㎒
1263:㎑
1248:㎐
1221:㌹
861:Various
721:infrared
671: Hz
655: Hz
635:pressure
575:(CGPM) (
541:; i.e.,
340:prefixed
332: Hz
253:, where
2102:hectare
2087:decibel
2029:sievert
2024:siemens
1954:coulomb
1904:candela
1730:12 July
1654:Bibcode
1235:herutsu
1207:Unicode
1197:Unicode
641:. Each
549:History
444:radians
296:caesium
265:is the
183:in the
91:⁄
2117:minute
2077:dalton
2019:radian
2014:pascal
2004:newton
1929:second
1909:kelvin
1899:ampere
1788:24 May
1305:
1303:U+3394
1290:
1288:U+3393
1275:
1273:U+3392
1260:
1258:U+3391
1245:
1243:U+3390
1218:
1216:U+3339
911:Value
902:Value
790:DECIGO
738:X-rays
318:hfs Cs
193:second
191:) per
139:Symbol
82:
80:period
2132:tonne
2127:neper
2112:litre
2054:weber
2039:tesla
1994:lumen
1989:katal
1984:joule
1979:hertz
1974:henry
1964:farad
1919:metre
1779:(PDF)
1751:Wired
1627:(PDF)
1516:(PDF)
1487:(PDF)
1458:(PDF)
1385:Notes
1339:FLOPS
1313:(THz)
1298:(GHz)
1283:(MHz)
1268:(kHz)
934:daHz
917:Name
908:Name
840:Atari
776:like
717:Light
639:pitch
623:Sound
543:hertz
399:, in
232:radio
189:cycle
173:hertz
98:(the
46:hertz
2107:hour
2049:watt
2044:volt
1969:gray
1924:mole
1790:2019
1758:2012
1732:2017
1703:2012
1609:2021
1565:2012
1558:BIPM
1528:2021
1520:BIPM
1499:2021
1491:BIPM
1470:2022
1464:: 26
1462:BIPM
1374:Rate
1253:(Hz)
1201:The
1170:QHz
1161:qHz
1150:RHz
1141:rHz
1130:YHz
1121:yHz
1110:ZHz
1101:zHz
1090:EHz
1081:aHz
1070:PHz
1061:fHz
1037:pHz
1013:nHz
989:μHz
965:mHz
954:hHz
945:cHz
925:dHz
786:LISA
778:LIGO
740:and
685:and
665:and
481:and
368:beat
226:and
171:The
74:and
34:and
2082:day
2009:ohm
1999:lux
1670:hdl
1662:doi
1229:ヘルツ
1047:THz
1023:GHz
999:MHz
975:kHz
854:in
820:GHz
816:MHz
751:or
669:000
653:000
649:to
633:of
430:of
391:or
381:or
370:at
330:770
327:631
324:192
308:770
305:631
302:192
291:770
288:631
285:192
157:In
102:of
2203::
1781:.
1749:.
1711:^
1668:.
1660:.
1650:14
1648:.
1629:.
1556:.
1460:.
1446:^
1232:,
1193:.
858:.
846:,
842:,
761:.
715:.
677:,
667:16
651:20
594:A
531:SI
418:,
374:.
320:=
312:,
269:.
251:hν
177:Hz
142:Hz
123:SI
70:,
65:=
1875:e
1868:t
1861:v
1792:.
1760:.
1734:.
1705:.
1678:.
1672::
1664::
1656::
1611:.
1567:.
1530:.
1501:.
1472:.
1238:)
1226:(
885:.
510:.
501:2
492:=
489:f
469:f
463:2
460:=
440:ω
436:f
424:π
322:9
315:ν
300:9
283:9
263:h
259:ν
255:E
247:E
164:s
104:f
94:f
89:1
84:T
63:f
38:.
27:.
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